SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES

Principles of Consolidation and Fiscal Year End

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its majority owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

The Company’s fiscal year ends September 30 and reports its results using fiscal quarters whereby each three-month quarterly reporting period is approximately thirteen weeks in length and ends on a Sunday. The exceptions are the first quarter, which begins on October 1, and the fourth quarter, which ends on September 30. For the year ended September 30, 2025, the fiscal quarters were comprised of the three months ended December 29, 2024, March 30, 2025, June 29, 2025, and September 30, 2025.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid temporary instruments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Short-Term Investments

The Company determines the balance sheet classification of its investments at the time of purchase and evaluates the classification at each balance sheet date. Money market funds, certificates of deposit, and time deposits with original maturities of greater than three months but no more than twelve months from the date of purchase are carried at cost, which approximates fair value, and are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as short-term investments.

Restricted Cash

The Company may be required to maintain cash deposits or accounts that may be restricted under certain contractual agreements such as security deposits, escrows or other restricting requirements. Such restricted accounts are otherwise excluded from cash and cash equivalents and reflected as other current or non-current assets depending upon the requirements. As of September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, there was $3.6 million and $1.6 million of restricted cash, recognized as Deferred Charges and Other on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, primarily restricted for funding towards non-US retirement benefit obligations.

Receivables

Trade accounts receivable are carried at net realizable value. The Company extends credit to its customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and credit history, but generally does not require collateral. The Company monitors its customers’ credit and financial condition based on changing economic conditions and will make adjustments to credit policies as required. Provisions for losses on uncollectible trade receivables and doubtful accounts are determined based on ongoing evaluations of the Company’s receivables, principally on the basis of historical collection experience and evaluations of the risks of nonpayment or return for a given customer, with an applicable reserve recognized as a reduction to Trade Receivables on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Positions. See Note 5 - Revenue Recognition and Receivables for further detail.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. See Note 6 - Inventory for further detail.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Property, plant and equipment held under finance leases are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Such amortization is included in depreciation expense and recognized as Cost of Goods Sold or Selling, General & Administrative Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income depending on the nature and use of the underlying asset. The Company uses accelerated depreciation methods for income tax purposes. Useful lives for property, plant and equipment are as follows:


Asset Type						Range
Buildings and improvements						20 - 40 years
Machinery, tooling and equipment						2 - 15 years
Computer software						3 - 5 years

Expenditures which substantially increase value or extend useful lives are capitalized with corresponding cash flows recognized as investing activity on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company records gains and losses on the disposition or retirement of property, plant and equipment based on the net book value and any proceeds received.

Long-lived fixed assets held and used are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Circumstances such as the discontinuation of a product or product line, a sudden or consistent decline in the sales forecast for a product, changes in technology or in the way an asset is being used, a history of operating or cash flow losses or an adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, among others, may trigger an impairment review. If such indicators are present, the Company performs undiscounted cash flow analyses to determine if impairment exists. The asset value would be deemed impaired if the undiscounted cash flows generated did not exceed the carrying value of the respective asset group. If impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based on fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. See Note 7 - Property, Plant and Equipment for further detail.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES (continued)

Internal Use Software and Cloud Computing Arrangements

The costs incurred towards internal-use software development in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use software are capitalized and recognized as Property Plant and Equipment on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Other costs associated with training and data conversion are generally expensed as incurred. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software. Maintenance and enhancement costs, including those costs in the post-implementation stages, are typically expensed as incurred, unless such costs relate to substantial upgrades and enhancements to the software that result in added functionality, in which case the costs are capitalized and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software. See Note 7 - Property, Plant and Equipment for further detail. Corresponding cash flows attributable to the development of internal use software are recognized as investing activity on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Costs incurred towards the implementation of cloud computing arrangements, including software-as-a-service (“SaaS”), or other similar SaaS type services, such as platform as a service, infrastructure as a service and other hosting arrangements where we do not take possession of the software and instead gain access to the software remotely, are accounted for consistent with internal-use software development. Unlike internal-use software development costs, the amounts capitalized are recognized as a deferred balance similar to a prepayment or other deferred assets. Amortization of such costs are calculated on a straight-line basis over the applicable term of such hosting arrangements, recognized as Selling, General & Administrative Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income and not considered depreciation or amortization expense. If there is no software license provided by the contract, then the arrangement is considered a service contract and expensed as incurred. See Note 7 - Property, Plant and Equipment for further detail. Corresponding cash flows attributable to the implementation of cloud computing arrangements are recognized as operating activity on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Goodwill

Goodwill reflects the excess of acquisition cost over the aggregate fair value assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is assessed for impairment at least annually and as triggering events or indicators of potential impairment are identified. Goodwill has been assigned to reporting units for purposes of impairment testing based upon the relative fair value of the asset to each reporting unit. Our reporting units are consistent with our reportable segments. See Note 20 - Segment Information for further discussion.

Goodwill is tested for impairment in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year by either performing a qualitative assessment or a quantitative test for some, or all reporting units. The Company evaluates qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. In performing a qualitative assessment, the Company considers events and circumstances, including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, changes in management or key personnel, changes in strategy, changes in customers, changes in market value, composition or carrying amount of a reporting unit’s net assets, and considering any changes in the market price of the Company’s common stock. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not the carrying value is greater than the fair value of a reporting unit after assessing the totality of facts and circumstances, a quantitative assessment is performed to determine the reporting unit fair value and measure the impairment. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not the fair value is greater than the carrying amount, then a quantitative assessment is not required.

In estimating the fair value of our reporting units for a quantitative impairment assessment, we use both an income approach and a market approach. The income approach is a discounted cash flow methodology, which requires us to estimate future revenues, expenses, and capital expenditures and make assumptions about our weighted average cost of capital and perpetuity growth rate, among other variables. The market approach is a guideline public company method that assesses value of our reporting unit based upon market multiples derived from financial results of selected comparable companies. We test the aggregate estimated fair value of our reporting units by comparison to our total market capitalization, including both equity and debt capital. The fair value of each reporting unit is compared to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss would be recognized equal to that excess; however, the loss recognized cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. See Note 8 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further detail.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES (continued)

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recorded at cost or at estimated fair value if acquired in a business combination. Customer lists, proprietary technology and certain trade name intangible assets are amortized, using the straight-line method, over their estimated useful lives. The ranges of useful lives for definite-lived intangibles assets are as follows:


Asset Type						Range
Customer relationships						12 - 20 years
Technology assets						8 - 18 years
Tradenames						7 - 30 years

Definite-lived intangible assets held and used are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If indicators of potential impairment are identified, the Company performs an undiscounted cash flow analysis to determine if impairment exists. The asset value would be deemed impaired if the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset did not exceed the carrying value of the respective asset group. If impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based on fair value.

Certain trade name intangible assets have an indefinite life and are not amortized, but instead are assessed for impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year by either performing a qualitative assessment or a quantitative test for some or all indefinite lived intangible assets. The Company evaluates qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite lived intangible assets is less than its carrying amount. In performing a qualitative assessment, the Company considers events and circumstances, including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, changes in strategy and overall financial performance. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not the carrying value is greater than the fair value of an indefinite lived intangible asset, a quantitative assessment is performed to determine the fair value and measure the impairment. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not the fair value is greater than the carrying amount, then a quantitative assessment is not required.

The quantitative impairment analysis of indefinite lived intangible assets compares the estimated fair value of the identified trade names to their carrying value to determine if impairment exists. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess. The fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets is determined using an income approach, the relief-from-royalty methodology, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions about future revenues, royalty rates, and a discount rate, among others. See Note 8 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further detail.

Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

An asset, group of assets, or qualifying business are considered held for sale when they meet all the applicable criteria; including: (i) having the authority to sell, (ii) being available to sell in their present condition, (iii) having an active program to locate buyers, (iv) being actively marketed at current fair value, and (v) considered probable of selling within one year. Assessment for held for sale are performed at least quarterly or when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that a change in classification may be necessary.

Assets and liabilities of a qualifying business are excluded from the net assets of continuing operations, separated in a disposal group and classified as held for sale in the period in which the held for sale criteria was met. Corporate debt is not included as a component of the disposal group, regardless of repayment provisions, and only debt directly attributable to the divested operations may be included as held for sale. Assets and liabilities held for sale are recorded at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less expected cost to sell and any unrecognized other comprehensive loss. Assets held for sale do not experience any subsequent depreciation or amortization after being classified as held for sale and are reviewed for impairment at least quarterly. If the carrying amount of the disposal group exceeds the estimated fair value less cost to sell, a loss is recognized. If a business is classified as held for sale after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued, the business continues to be classified as held and used in those financial statements when issued or when available to be issued.

The Company reports the results of operations of a business as discontinued operations if a disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the business is sold and meets the criteria for being classified as held for sale. Assets and liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale and related to discontinued operations are presented as held for sale for all current and prior periods presented within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The results of discontinued operations are reported in Income From Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax on the Consolidated Statements of Income for both current and prior periods commencing in the period in which the business meets the held for sale criteria, and includes any gain or loss recognized on closing, or adjustment of the carrying amount to fair value less cost to sell while being held for sale. Loss realized upon change of classification to held for sale is recognized as a loss to continuing operations. Income from discontinued operations includes only direct costs attributable to the divested business and excludes any indirect cost allocation associated with any shared or corporate led functions unless otherwise dedicated to the divested business. Transactions between the businesses held for sale and businesses held for use that are expected to continue to exist after the disposal are not eliminated to appropriately reflect the continuing operations and balances held for sale. Interest costs from corporate debt, excluding premium payments or loss on extinguishment of debt, may be included as a component of income from discontinued operations specifically attributable to interest from corporate debt that is obligated to be repaid following the completion of a divestiture; plus the allocation of interest cost from corporate debt not directly attributable to or related to other operations based on the ratio of net assets of the disposal group held for sale to the consolidated net assets plus consolidated debt, excluding debt assumed in transaction, required to be repaid, or directly attributable to other operations of the Company. Adjustments to discontinued operations subsequent to the completion of a transaction or disposition are generally attributable to contingencies and indemnifications directly related to the disposal transaction, operations of the discontinued operations, or settlement of obligations directly related to the disposal. Amounts within accumulated other comprehensive income directly associated with a divested business are not realized as a component of Income from Discontinued Operations until completion of the sale or disposition. See Note 3 - Divestitures for further detail.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are deferred and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the lives of the related debt agreements. Debt issuance costs are included as a reduction to Long Term Debt, Net of Current Portion on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Amortization of debt issuance costs is recognized as a component of Interest Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 9 - Debt for further detail.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES (continued)

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments are used by the Company principally in the management of its foreign currency exposures. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Derivative assets and liabilities are reported at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. When hedge accounting is elected at inception, the Company formally designates the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure and documents both the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge. Depending on the nature of derivatives designated as hedging instruments, changes in fair value are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets or liability through earnings, or recognized in equity through other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized. Derivative instruments that hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows and are designated as cash flow hedges, and the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instrument is recorded as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (“AOCI”) in Shareholders’ Equity on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Those amounts are subsequently reclassified to earnings in the same line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income as impacted by the hedge item when the hedged item affects earnings. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions. For derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the change in the fair value is recognized in earnings. Cash flows attributable to derivative financial instruments are reflected as operating activity on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. See Note 11 - Derivatives for further detail.

Treasury Stock

Treasury stock purchases are stated at average cost and presented as a separate reduction of equity. See Note 16 - Shareholders’ Equity for further detail.

Noncontrolling Interest

Noncontrolling interest recognized in the consolidated equity of the Company is the minority interest ownership in equity of a consolidated subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the parent company; and recognized separate from Shareholders’ Equity in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Income from a consolidated subsidiary with a minority interest ownership is allocated to the minority interest and considered attributable to the noncontrolling interest in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Business Combinations and Acquisition Accounting

The Company accounts for acquisitions by applying the acquisition method of accounting when the transaction or event is considered a business combination, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business. A defined business is generally an acquired group of assets with inputs and processes that make it capable of generating a return or economic benefit for the acquirer. The acquisition method of accounting requires, among other things, that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination be measured at their fair values as of the closing date of the acquisition.

Revenue Recognition

Product Sales

Our customers mostly consist of retailers, wholesalers and distributors with the intention to sell and distribute to an end consumer. A portion of our business is also sold direct-to-consumer through online marketplaces, brand websites, and direct response television. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of products upon transfer of control to the customer. For the majority of our product sales, the transfer of control is recognized when we ship the product from our facilities to the customer unless we retain title and risk of loss upon shipment and we arrange and paid for freight such that we retain physical possession and control during delivery. The Company does not assess whether promised goods or services are performance obligations if they are not material in the context of the contract with the customer.

Licensing Revenue

The Company may also license its brands to third-party sellers and manufacturers for the development, production, sales & distribution of products that are not directly managed or offered by the Company. The Company maintains all right of ownership of the intellectual property and contracts with its customer for the use of the intellectual property in their operations. Revenue derived from the right-to-access licenses is recognized using the over time revenue recognition method, applying the ‘as-invoiced’ practical expedient method at the amount we are able to bill using a time-elapsed measure of progress, taking into consideration any minimum guarantee provisions under the contract, as it appropriately depicts its performance of providing access to the Company’s brands, trade names, logos, etc.

Other Revenue

Other revenue consists primarily of installation or maintenance services that are provided to certain customers in the GPC segment which are often associated with the sale of product but are also provided separately and are considered a distinct performance obligation separate from product sales.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES (continued)

Variable Consideration and Cash Paid to Customers

The Company measures revenue as the amount of consideration for which it expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Certain retailers or end customers may receive cash or non-cash incentives such as rebates, volume or trade discounts, cooperative advertising, price protection, coupons, and other customer-related programs, including service level penalties, which are accounted for as variable consideration. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. The estimated liability for sales discounts and other programs and allowances is calculated using the expected value method or most likely amount and recorded at the time of sale as a reduction of Net Sales on the Consolidated Statements of Income and reduction of trade receivables on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component, as the period between the transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and the customer’s payment for the good or service is one year or less.

The Company generally expenses sales commissions and other contract and fulfillment costs when the amortization period is less than one year. The Company records these costs within Selling General & Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company may enter into various arrangements, primarily with retail customers, which require the Company to make upfront cash payments or provide permanent fixtures and displays to support and secure distribution through such customers. The Company defers the cost provided they are supported by a volume-based arrangement with a period of 12 months or longer and amortizes the associated payment on a straight line basis based upon historical assumptions and terms of the customer arrangement. Deferred costs are recognized as a contract asset and reported as Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets or Deferred Charges and Other in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position depending on realization of costs and expected amortization. The costs are incorporated into the pricing of product sold and the related amortization is treated as a reduction in Net Sales on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company excludes all sales taxes that are assessed by a governmental authority from the transaction price.

Product Returns

In the normal course of business, the Company may allow customers to return product per the provisions in a sale agreement. Estimated product returns are recorded as a reduction in reported revenues at the time of sale based upon historical product return experience, adjusted for known trends, to arrive at the amount of consideration expected to be received. For the anticipated value of the returns, the Company will recognize a return liability in Other Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and a separate return asset, when applicable, included in the Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. See Note 5 - Revenue Recognition and Receivables for further discussion on product returns. Product returns do not include provisions for standard warranties provided to end-consumers of the Company’s products, which are recognized as a component of the Cost of Goods Sold on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Costs and reserves associated with standard warranties are not material to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. The estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period is not material.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs include costs incurred with third-party carriers to transport products to customers and salaries and overhead costs related to activities to prepare the Company’s products for shipment at the Company’s distribution facilities. The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities, which occur after control of the related goods transfers, as fulfillment activities instead of assessing such activities as performance obligations. Shipping and handling costs were $248.6 million, $266.9 million and $272.6 million during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in Selling, General & Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs include agency fees and other costs to create advertisements, as well as costs paid to third parties to print or broadcast the Company’s advertisements, online marketplace advertisement and sponsorship agreements, which are expensed as incurred. Payments or costs may be deferred and expensed upon the initial period in which the advertisement is released or over a period of service per applicable terms and conditions. The Company incurred advertising costs of $87.7 million, $91.7 million and $59.1 million during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in Selling, General & Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs include internal personnel and third-party costs incurred towards the development of new products and product innovation and are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred research and development costs of $23.2 million, $28.1 million, $22.5 million during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in Selling, General & Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Environmental Expenditures

Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations or to conditions caused by past operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. The Company determines its liability for environmental matters on a site-by-site basis and records a liability at the time when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and such liability can be reasonably estimated. The estimated liability is not reduced for possible recoveries from insurance carriers. Environmental costs include initial site surveys, costs for remediation and restoration and ongoing monitoring costs, as well as fines, damages and other costs, when applicable and estimable. Adjustments to initial estimates are recorded, from time to time, to reflect changing circumstances and estimates based upon additional information developed in subsequent periods. See Note 19 - Commitments and Contingencies for further discussion.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES (continued)

Exit and Disposal Costs

The Company regularly enters into initiatives that may include the recognition of exit or disposal costs. Exit or disposal costs include, but are not limited to, the costs of termination benefits, such as a one-time involuntary severance or retention bonuses, one-time contract termination costs (excluding leases), and other costs associated with non-termination type costs related to restructuring initiatives such as incremental costs for the sale or termination of a line of business, closure or consolidation of facilities, country or region, relocation of business activities and employees from one location to another, change in management structure, among others. Exit and disposal costs associated with manufacturing are recorded as Cost of Goods Sold on the Consolidated Statements of Income and exit and disposal costs associated with sales, marketing, distribution or other administrative functions are recorded as Selling, General & Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Liabilities from exit and disposal costs are recorded for estimated costs of facility closures, significant organizational adjustments and measures undertaken by management to exit certain activities. Costs for such activities are estimated by management after evaluating detailed analyses of the costs to be incurred. Such liabilities could include amounts for items such as severance costs and related benefits, and other items directly related to the exit activities. Impairment of property and equipment and other assets as a result of a such initiatives is recognized as a reduction of the appropriate asset. See Note 4 - Exit and Disposal Activities for further detail.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception, considering whether the contract conveys a right to control the use of the identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the commencement date of the lease. Operating leases are included in Operating Lease Assets, Other Current Liabilities and Long-Term Operating Lease Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Finance leases are included in Property, Plant and Equipment, Current Portion of Long-Term Debt, and Long-Term Debt, Net of Current Portion on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

Right of use (“ROU”) lease assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. ROU lease liabilities are classified between current and long-term liabilities based on their payment terms. The ROU lease asset includes prepaid rent and reflects the unamortized balance of lease incentives. Our leases may include renewal options, and we include the renewal option in the lease term if we conclude that it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company records its operating lease and amortization of finance lease ROU assets within Cost of Goods Sold or Selling, General & Administrative Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income depending on the nature and use of the underlying asset. Lease expense for operating leases is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease ROU assets are depreciated over the term of the lease and recognized as depreciation from Property Plant and Equipment, with finance interest cost recognized as Interest Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate, such as the Company’s proportionate share of actual costs for utilities, common area maintenance, insurance, and property taxes, are excluded from the measurement of the lease liability, unless subject to fixed minimum requirements, and are recognized as variable lease cost when the obligation for that payment is incurred.

As most of the Company’s leases do not provide the lease implicit rates, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rates as the discount rate, adjusted as applicable, based on the information available at the lease commencement dates to determine the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents an estimate of the interest rate the Company would incur to borrow, on a collateralized basis and in a similar economic environment, over the term of a lease. The Company may use the lease implicit rate, if readily determinable, as the discount rate to determine the present value of lease payments.

The Company has subleased certain portions of excess space at certain of its distribution centers and administrative offices. Sublease income is associated with both finance and operating leases, recognized on a straight-line basis over the sublease term, and included in Other Non-Operating Expense, Net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

We review the impairment of our ROU lease assets consistent with the approach applied for our other long-lived assets. ROU lease assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Circumstances such as the discontinuation of a product or product line, a sudden or consistent decline in the sales forecast for a product, changes in technology or in the way an asset is being used, early termination or exit of a lease agreement, a history of operating or cash flow losses including changes in anticipated sublease income, when applicable, or an adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, among others, may trigger an impairment review. If such indicators are present, the Company performs an undiscounted cash flow analysis to determine if impairment exists, including consideration for actual or potential sublease income. The asset value would be deemed impaired if the undiscounted cash flows generated did not exceed the carrying value of the respective asset group. If impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based on fair value. See Note 10 – Leases for additional information.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in income tax expense in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. Accrued interest expense and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recorded in Income Tax Expense. See Note 15 - Income Taxes for further detail.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES (continued)

Foreign Currency Translation

Local currencies are considered the functional currencies for most of the Company’s operations outside the U.S.. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at the rate of exchange existing at year-end, with revenues, expenses and cash flows translated at the average of the monthly exchange rates. Adjustments resulting from translation of the financial statements are recorded as a component of equity in AOCI, including the effects of exchange rate changes on intercompany balances of a long-term investment nature.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses for transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are reported in Other Non-Operating Expense, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period they occur. Exchange losses on foreign currency transactions were $11.0 million, $7.5 million, and $5.1 million for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Newly Adopted Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative reportable segment disclosure requirements, including enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and increased interim disclosure requirements, among others. The enhanced disclosure requirements became effective for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 and are reflected within Note 20 - Segment Reporting with the increased interim disclosure requirements becoming effective for the first interim reporting period for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, including retrospective presentation for all comparable periods.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which provides qualitative and quantitative updates to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures, among others, in order to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures, including consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and disaggregation by jurisdiction of income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is also permitted. This ASU will be effective for our fiscal year ending September 30, 2026. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU may have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which provides updates to qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements over the disaggregation of relevant expense captions within the income statement to provide more transparency and useful information on expenses within the income statement including tabular presentation of prescribed expense categories such as the purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and inclusion of other specific expense, gains and losses required by existing GAAP with reconciliation of disaggregation to the face of the income statement. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The amendment should be applied prospectively, however, retrospective application is also permitted. This ASU will be effective for our fiscal year ending September 30, 2028. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU may have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, which provides a practical expedient in estimating credit losses for current accounts receivables and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606 that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. The amendments in ASU 2025-05 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. This ASU will be effective for our fiscal year ending September 30, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU may have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which modernizes previously written guidance around internal-use software costs by eliminating accounting consideration of software project development stages and provide for cost capitalization when management has authorized and committed funding to the project and that the project is considered 'probable' of completion and the software used to perform the function as intended, along with prescriptive disclosure requirements associated with internal-use software costs to be consistent with Subtopic 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment regardless of how those costs are presented in the financial statements. The amendments in ASU 2025-06 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The amendment may be applied either retrospectively or prospectively or on a modified prospective basis prescribed by the ASU. This ASU will be effective for our fiscal year ending September 30, 2029. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU may have on our consolidated financial statements.

Spectrum Brands Holdings, Inc. 10-K