EXHIBIT 1

JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

PURSUANT TO RULE 13d-1(k)

The undersigned acknowledge and agree that the foregoing statement on Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of each of the undersigned and that all subsequent amendments to this statement on Schedule 13G shall be filed on behalf of each of the undersigned without the necessity of filing additional joint filing agreements. The undersigned acknowledge that each shall be responsible for the timely filing of such amendments, and for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning him or it contained herein and therein, but shall not be responsible for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning the others, except to the extent that he or it knows or has reason to believe that such information is inaccurate. The undersigned hereby further agree that this Joint Filing Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

Date: August 19, 2025	IONIC VENTURES, LLC

	By:	Ionic Management, LLC,
		its Manager

	By:	/s/ Keith Coulston
		Name: Keith Coulston
		Title: Manager

	IONIC MANAGEMENT, LLC

	By:	/s/ Keith Coulston
		Name: Keith Coulston
		Title: Manager

	/s/ Brendan O’Neil
	Brendan O’Neil

	/s/ Keith Coulston
	Keith Coulston

Propanc Biopharma, Inc. SCHEDULE 13G