Summary of significant accounting policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Summary of significant accounting policies

Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of Presentation

This summary of significant accounting policies of the Company (a development stage company) is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s financial statements. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements. The Company has realized insignificant revenues from its planned principal business purpose and, accordingly, is considered to be in its development stage in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic No. 915 (SFAS No. 7). The Company has elected a fiscal year end of December 31.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiary and variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In determining Fengcuiyuan is a VIE of Hongyuan HK, the Company considered the following indicators, among others:

1.	Hongyuan HK enjoys exclusive and non-competitive rights to intellectual property rights and licensing arising from the performance of the Agreements, and controls and administers the financial affairs and daily operation of Fengcuiyuan. The registered owners of Fengcuiyuan as a group have no right to make any decision about Fengcuiyuan’s activities without the consent of Hongyuan HK.
2.	Hongyuan HK is assigned all voting rights of Fengcuiyuan and has the right to appoint all directors and senior management personnel of Fengcuiyuan. The registered owners of Fengcuiyuan possess no substantive voting rights.

3.	The registered owners of Fengcuiyuan have pledged their shares in Fengcuiyuan as collateral to secure these Agreements.
4.	The Agreements are valid for 10 years. Termination is prohibited by Fengcuiyuan and its registered owners, making termination within the control of the Company.
5.	Hongyuan HK is entitled to a management consulting and service fee based on the workload and commercial value of the technical services provided at a price agreed upon by both parties, has the right to adjust the consulting service fee standards at any time based on the quantity and content of the services provided to Fengcuiyuan. Therefore, Hongyuan HK is the primary beneficiary of Fengcuiyuan.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting within the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all cash on hand, cash accounts not subject to withdrawal restrictions or penalties, and all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Major repairs and betterments that significantly extend original useful lives or improve productivity are capitalized and depreciated over the period benefited. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method for substantially all assets with estimated lives as follows:

Machinery & equipment	10 years
Automobile	4 years
Office equipment	3 years

Lease

ASC Topic 842, “Leases” requires recognition of leases on the balance sheets as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use underlying assets for the lease terms and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value and future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company’s future minimum lease payments used to determine the Company’s lease liabilities mainly include minimum lease rent payments. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded on the Company’s balance sheet and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the Company’s statement of operations. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 addresses all forms of share-based payment (“SBP”) awards including shares issued under employee stock purchase plans and stock incentive shares. Under ASC 718 awards result in a cost that is measured at fair value on the awards’ grant date, based on the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest and will result in a charge to operations.

Loss per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares available. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. The Company’s diluted income and loss per share is the same as the basic income and loss per share for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, as there are no potential shares outstanding that would have a dilutive effect.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense is based on pretax financial accounting income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. The Company recorded a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company classifies the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that the Company anticipates payment (or receipt) of cash within one year. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in the provision for income taxes.

HONG YUAN HOLDING GROUP 10-Q