SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the nine months ended January 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending April 30, 2024. Notes to the unaudited interim financial statements that would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited financial statements for fiscal year 2023 have been omitted. This report should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the footnotes thereto for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 included in the Company’s Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.

These tiers include:

Level 1: defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3: defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The carrying value of accounts payable and accrued liabilities, accrued interest, current portion of long-term debt, other party loan and loan from director approximates its fair value due to their short-term maturity.

Mining Property

Costs of lease, exploration, carrying and retaining unproven mineral properties are expensed as incurred. The Company expenses all mineral exploration costs as incurred as it is still in the exploration stage. If the Company identifies proven and probable reserves in its investigation of its properties and upon development of a plan for operating a mine, it would enter the development stage and capitalize future costs until production is established. When a property reaches the production stage, the related capitalized costs are amortized on a units-of-production basis over the proven and probable reserves following the commencement of production.

Interest expense allocable to the cost of developing mining properties and to construct new facilities is capitalized until assets are ready for their intended use.

To date, the Company has not established the commercial feasibility of any exploration prospects; therefore, all exploration costs are being expensed.

ASC 930-805, “Extractive Activities-Mining: Business Combinations” states that mineral rights consist of the legal right to explore, extract, and retain at least a portion of the benefits from mineral deposits. Mining assets include mineral rights which are considered tangible assets under ASC 930-805. ASC 930-805 requires that mineral rights be recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. As a result, the direct costs to acquire mineral rights are initially capitalized as tangible assets. Mineral rights include costs associated with acquiring patented and unpatented mining claims.

ASC 930-805 provides that in measuring the fair value of mineral assets, an acquirer should take into account both:

	(a)	The value beyond proven and probable reserves (“VBPP”) to the extent that a market participant would include VBPP in determining the fair value of the assets.

	(b)	The effects of anticipated fluctuations in the future market price of minerals in a manner that is consistent with the expectations of market participants.

The Company assesses the carrying costs of the capitalized mineral properties for impairment under ASC 360-10, “Impairment of long-lived assets”, and evaluates its carrying value under ASC 930-360, “Extractive Activities - Mining”, annually. An impairment is recognized when the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the mineral properties. Impairment losses, if any, are measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the mineral properties over its estimated fair value.

Based on the Company’s evaluation, no impairment has been recorded on the mineral properties for the period ended January 31, 2024.

On January 8, 2023, the Company incurred mining exploration expense of $8,500 for surveying services on Potter County, PA Utica Shale area oil and gas properties performed during January and February 2023.

During the three months ended January 31, 2024, the Company purchased a mining claim (the Montreal Star Property) of $34,487 and a mining claim (Union Park 002) of $4,750.

Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for intangible assets (including mining right) in accordance with ASC 350 “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other.”

ASC 350 requires that goodwill and other intangibles with indefinite lives be tested for impairment annually or on an interim basis if events or circumstances indicate that the fair value of an asset has decreased below its carrying value. In addition, ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) on an annual basis and between annual tests when circumstances indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill may be in doubt. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value. Significant judgments required to estimate the fair value of reporting units include estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions or the occurrence of one or more confirming events in future periods could cause the actual results or outcomes to materially differ from such estimates and could also affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment at future reporting dates.

The cost of intangible assets with determinable useful lives is amortized to reflect the pattern of economic benefits consumed, either on a straight-line or accelerated basis over the estimated periods benefited. Patents, technology and other intangibles with contractual terms are generally amortized over their respective legal or contractual lives. When certain events or changes in operating conditions occur, an impairment assessment is performed and lives of intangible assets with determinable lives may be adjusted.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognized revenue from the sales of mineral products produced from mining operations in accordance with ASC 606,”Revenue Recognition” following the five steps procedure:

Step 1: The contract has been signed by both parties or when the invoice has been generated and provided to the customer

Step 2: The performance obligations are stated or implied in the contract or invoice

Step 3: The transaction price has been identified in the contract or invoice

Step 4: The Company has allocated the transaction price to the performance obligations pursuant to the contract or invoice

Step 5: The Company satisfied the performance obligations when the mineral products delivered to the purchaser

The Company recognized revenue from the royalty revenue in accordance with ASC 606,”Revenue Recognition” following the five steps procedure:

Step 1: The contract has been signed by both parties for royalty fees

Step 2: The performance obligations are stated or implied in the contract

Step 3: The transaction price has been identified in the contract

Step 4: The Company has allocated the transaction price to the performance obligations pursuant to the contract

Step 5: The Company has satisfied the performance obligations at the same period as the sales that generate the royalty payment.

Inherent in the fair value calculation of an ARO are numerous assumptions and judgments including the ultimate settlement amounts, inflation factors, credit adjusted discount rates, timing of settlement, and changes in the legal, regulatory, environmental and political environments. To the extent future revisions to these assumptions impact the fair value of the existing ARO liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the mining property balance. Settlements greater than or less than amounts accrued as ARO are recorded as a gain or loss upon settlement.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance on deferred tax assets is established when management considers it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as incurred as a component of income tax expense. The Company has not recognized any tax benefits from uncertain tax positions for any of the reporting periods presented.

The Company has not filed income tax returns from year ended April 30, 2016 through April 30, 2020. $25,000 annual late tax filing interest and penalty was accrued for an aggregate amount of $125,000.

Related Party Balances and Transactions

The Company follows FASB ASC 850, “Related Party Disclosures,” for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transaction. (Note 5)

Basic and Diluted Income (Loss) Per Share

The Company computes income (loss) per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260, “Earnings per Share” which requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share on the face of the statement of operations. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potential common shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.

As of January 31, 2024 and January 31, 2023, convertible notes were dilutive instruments and were not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share as their effect would be antidilutive:

	January 31,		January 31,
	2024		2023
	(Shares)		(Shares)
Convertible note payable		361,906		598,659

As of January 31, 2024 and January 31, 2023, the total convertible shares from convertible notes totaling $126,667 and $209,531 issued to an unaffiliated party from February 4, 2022 through January 31, 2024 with conversion rate of $0.35 per shares was 361,906 shares and 598,659 shares. (Note 6)

Recent accounting pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, ASC Subtopic 470-20 “Debt-Debt with “Conversion and Other Options” and ASC subtopic 815-40 “Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity”. The standard reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. Convertible instruments that continue to be subject to separation models are (1) those with embedded conversion features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract, that meet the definition of a derivative, and that do not qualify for a scope exception from derivative accounting; and, (2) convertible debt instruments issued with substantial premiums for which the premiums are recorded as paid-in capital. ASU2020-06 removes from U.S. GAAP the separation models for (1) convertible debt with a cash conversion feature (“CCF”) and (2) convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”). With the adoption of ASU2020-06, entities will not separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature these debts. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has chosen to early adopt this standard on its year ended April 30, 2022 financial statements and did not record BCF on the issuance of convertible notes with conversion rate below the Company’s market stock price on the date of note issuance.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which introduced the expected credit losses methodology for the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost basis, replacing the previous incurred loss methodology. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10 highlighted the adoption timeline. For smaller reporting entities, Topic 326 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, of which is effective for the Company on April 1, 2023. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.

Management has considered all recent accounting pronouncements issued. The Company’s management believes that these recent pronouncements will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Natural Resource Holdings, Inc. 10-Q