SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The financial statements have been prepared using the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the United States of America. The Company use a calendar year for accounting purposes. The financial statements are presented in United States dollars.

Basis of Consolidation

These financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries: First Channel Limited (“FC”), UB, PC, WH, UC, Conperin, Circle BVI, Circle HK and Circle International. These financial statements have also included the accounts of the subsidiaries previously wholly owned by the Company and have been disposed during the year, up to the date of disposal of the subsidiaries: UB Trading, Sino Silver Qianhai, Sino Silver Beijing and Sino Silver Zhuhai. All intercompany sales, purchases, balances, investments, and capital have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation and Re-measurement

The Company translates its foreign operations to the U.S. dollar in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”.

The reporting currency for the Company and its subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of FC, PC, WH and UB is U.S. dollar; the functional currency of UB Trading, Sino Silver Qianhai, Sino Silver Beijing and Sino Silver Zhuhai is Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”); and the functional currencies of UC, Conperin, Circle BVI, Circle HK and Circle International is the Hong Kong dollar (“HKD”).

The Company’s subsidiaries, whose records are not maintained in those entities’ respective functional currencies, re-measure their records into their functional currency as follows:

	●	Monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period
	●	Nonmonetary assets and liabilities at historical rates
	●	Revenue and expense items at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the period

Gains and losses from these re-measurements were not significant and have been included in the Company’s results of operations.

The Company’s subsidiaries, whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, translate their records into the U.S. dollar as follows:

	●	Assets and liabilities at the rate of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date
	●	Equities at the historical rate
	●	Revenue and expense items at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the period

Adjustments arising from such translations are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.

	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Spot RMB: USD exchange rate	$	0.1436	$	0.1454
Average RMB: USD exchange rate	$	0.1448	$	0.1451
Spot HKD: USD exchange rate	$	0.1280	$	0.1280
Average HKD: USD exchange rate	$	0.1280	$	0.1278

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollar at the rates used in translation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of issuance to be cash equivalents. The Company’s bank deposits are held with large financial institutions located in Hong Kong. These deposits are not protected under FDIC; however, the Company has determined that there is no significant credit risk for these deposits and does not believe these institutions will become insolvent.

Prepaid expenses

The Company makes certain payments for general corporate purposes to service providers that render services over time. The Company amortizes these services to its results of operations over the span of time that the services are contracted. Certain prepayments that are to be delivered after one operating period to the Company have been classified as long-term prepaid expenses. Management does not believe these prepayments qualify as financial instruments that require fair value consideration and disclosure.

Inventories

Inventories are computed using the first-in, first-out method and valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company periodically reviews inventories for obsolescence and any inventories identified as obsolete are written down or written off.

Fair value of financial instruments

The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and deposits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and amount due to a related party at their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

The Company also follows the guidance of the ASC Topic 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” ("ASC 820-10"), with respect to financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

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Level 1 : Inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets;

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Level 2 : Inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques (e.g. Black-Scholes Option-Pricing model) for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs; and

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Level 3 : Inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques, including option pricing models and discounted cash flow models.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Commitments and contingencies

The Company follows subtopic 450-20 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or un-asserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or un-asserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Management does not believe, based upon information available at this time, that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there is no assurance that such matters will not materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations or cash flows.

Income taxes

The Company complies with the accounting and reporting requirements of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Hong Kong is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2019. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company conducts businesses in China and Hong Kong and is subject to tax in this jurisdiction. As a result of its business activities, the Company will file tax returns that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authority.

Net loss per share

The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is computed similar to basic income per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has no dilutive securities.

Related Parties

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.

Revenue recognition

The Company adopts ASC606 “Revenue Recognition”, and recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company derives its revenues from the rendering of computer consulting services. The Company applies the following five steps in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under each of its agreements:

	●	identify the contract with a customer;
	●	identify the performance obligations in the contract;
	●	determine the transaction price;
	●	allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and
	●	recognize revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied.

Reclassification

Certain amounts from prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2018, FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17, Consolidation - Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities (Topic 810). ASU No. 2018-17 guidance eliminates the requirement that entities consider indirect interests held through related parties under common control in their entirety when assessing whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest. Instead, the reporting entity will consider such indirect interests on a proportionate basis. This pronouncement is effective for public entities for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Management has considered all recent accounting pronouncements issued. The Company’s management believes that these recent pronouncements will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

UNION BRIDGE HOLDINGS LTD. 10-K