BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

We prepare our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and reported amounts of consolidated revenues and expenses in the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As interim statements, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation in accordance with GAAP have been included. Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year of 2025. For further information, please read the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements consolidate the accounts of all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest, as well as variable interest entities, if any, for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

We evaluate joint venture partnerships to determine if they should be consolidated based on whether the partners exercise joint control. For a joint venture where we exercise primary control and we also own a majority of the equity interests, we consolidate the joint venture partnership. We have consolidated the accounts of all of our joint venture partnerships on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidation

Use of Estimates

Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates based on assumptions about current and, for some estimates, future economic and market conditions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Although our current estimates contemplate current and expected future conditions, as applicable, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could significantly differ from our expectations, which could materially affect our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Trade Receivables

Trade Receivables and Current Estimate of Credit Losses

We grant credit to qualified guests, generally without collateral, in the form of trade accounts receivable. Trade receivables result from the rental of guestrooms and the sales of food, beverage, and banquet services and are payable under normal trade terms. Trade receivables also include credit and debit card transactions that are in the process of being settled. Trade receivables are stated at the amount billed to the guest and do not accrue interest. We regularly review the collectability of our trade receivables. A provision for losses is determined based on previous loss experience and current economic conditions.

Current Estimate of Credit Losses

Trade Receivables and Current Estimate of Credit Losses

Investments in Lodging Property, net

The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired lodging properties based on the relative fair values of the acquired land, land improvements, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, identifiable intangible assets or liabilities, other assets, and assumed liabilities. Intangible assets may include certain value associated with the on-going operations of the lodging property being acquired as part of the acquisition. Acquired intangible assets that derive their values from real property, or an interest in real property, are inseparable from that real property or interest in real property, do not produce or contribute to the production of income other than consideration for the use or occupancy of space, and are recorded as a component of the related real estate asset on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We allocate the purchase price of acquired lodging properties to land, building and furniture, fixtures and equipment based on independent third-party appraisals.

Our lodging properties and related assets are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. We capitalize development costs and the costs of significant additions and improvements that materially upgrade, increase the value or extend the useful life of the property. These costs may include development, refurbishment, renovation, and remodeling expenditures, as well as certain indirect internal costs related to construction projects. If an asset requires a period of time in which to carry out the activities necessary to bring it to the condition necessary for its intended use, the interest cost incurred during that period as a result of expenditures for the asset is capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. We expense the cost of repairs and maintenance as incurred.

We generally depreciate our lodging properties and related assets using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:


Classification						Estimated Useful Lives
Buildings and improvements						6 to 40 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment						2 to 15 years

We periodically re-evaluate asset lives based on current assessments of remaining utilization, which may result in changes in estimated useful lives. Such changes are accounted for prospectively and will increase or decrease future depreciation expense.

When depreciable property and equipment is retired or disposed, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and any gain or loss is reflected in current operations.

On a limited basis, we provide financing to developers of lodging properties for development projects. We evaluate these arrangements to determine if we participate in residual profits of the lodging property through the loan provisions or other agreements. Where we conclude that these arrangements are more appropriately treated as an investment in the real property, we reflect the loan in Investments in lodging property, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We monitor events and changes in circumstances for indicators that the carrying value of a lodging property or undeveloped land may be impaired. Additionally, we perform at least an annual evaluation to monitor the factors that could trigger an impairment. Our evaluation process includes a quantitative analysis utilizing metrics to assess the operating performance of our lodging properties relative to historical results and profitability, and a qualitative analysis of other factors to assess if a potential impairment exists. Factors that we consider for an impairment analysis include, among others: i) significant underperformance relative to historical or anticipated operating results, ii) significant changes in the manner of use of a property or the strategy of our overall business, including changes in the estimated holding periods for lodging properties and land parcels, iii) a significant increase in competition, iv) a significant adverse change in legal factors or regulations, v) changes in values of comparable land or lodging property sales, vi) significant negative industry or economic trends, and vii) fair value less costs to sell of lodging properties held for sale relative to the contractual selling price. When such factors are identified, we prepare an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows of the specific property and determine if the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable. If the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable, we estimate the fair value of the property based on discounted cash flows or sales price if the property is under contract and an adjustment is made to reduce the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value.

Assets Held for Sale

We classify assets as Assets held for sale in the period in which certain criteria are met, including when the sale of the asset within one year is probable. Assets classified as Assets held for sale are no longer depreciated and are carried at the lower of net book value or its fair value calculated as the expected selling price less estimated costs of disposition. We record a write-down when the carrying amounts of Assets held for sale exceed their fair value.

If we subsequently decide not to sell a long-lived asset (disposal group) classified in Assets held for sale, or if a long-lived asset (disposal group) no longer meets the Assets held for sale criteria, a long-lived asset (disposal group) is reclassified as Investments in lodging property, net in the period in which the Assets held for sale criteria are no longer met. A long-lived asset that is reclassified from Assets held for sale to Investments in lodging property, net is measured individually at the lower of either its:

i.) Carrying amount before it was classified as Assets held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation (amortization) expense or impairment losses that would have been recognized had the asset (group) been continuously classified as Investments in lodging property, net; or

ii.) Fair value at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell.

Segment Information

We have determined that we have one reportable segment for activities related to investing in lodging properties. An operating segment is defined as the component of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) in order to allocate resources and assess performance. Our investments in lodging properties are geographically diversified and the CODM allocates resources and assesses performance based upon discrete financial information at the individual lodging property level. However, because all of our lodging properties have similar economic characteristics, facilities, and services, the lodging properties have been aggregated into a single reportable segment.

Exchange or Modification of Debt and Debt Issuance Costs

Exchange or Modification of Debt

We consider modifications or exchanges of debt as extinguishments in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 470, Debt, with gains or losses recognized in current earnings if the terms of the new debt and original instrument are substantially different. If the original and new debt instruments are substantially different, the original debt is derecognized and the new debt is initially recorded at fair value, with the difference recognized as an extinguishment gain or loss. Under an exchange or modification accounted for as a debt extinguishment, fees paid to the lenders are included in the gain or loss on extinguishment of debt. Costs incurred with third parties, such as legal fees, directly related to the exchange or modification are capitalized as deferred financing costs and amortized over the initial term of the new debt. Previously deferred fees and costs for existing debt are included in the calculation of gain or loss. Under an exchange or modification not accounted for as a debt extinguishment, fees paid to the lenders are reflected as additional debt discount and amortized as non-cash interest expense over the remaining initial term of the exchanged or modified debt. Furthermore, costs incurred with third parties, such as legal fees, directly related to the exchange or modification, are expensed as incurred. Additionally, previously deferred fees and costs are amortized as non-cash interest expense over the remaining initial term of the exchanged or modified debt.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs related to our long-term debt generally are recorded at cost as a discount to the related debt, and are amortized as interest expense on a straight-line basis, which approximates the interest method, over the life of the related debt instrument unless there is a significant modification to the debt instrument. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to our $275 million delayed draw term loan closed in March 2025 (the “$275 Million 2025 Delayed Draw Term Loan”), as detailed in Note 5 - Debt, are included in Deferred charges, net as we have not yet drawn any amounts on this loan. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to all other debt are presented as a reduction to the related debt on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Income Taxes

We account for federal and state income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for: i) the future tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities based on GAAP and the respective carrying amounts for tax purposes, and ii) operating losses and tax-credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be reversed or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of the change in tax rates. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not they will be realized based on consideration of available evidence. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we have utilized the discrete effective tax rate method, as provided by ASC No. 740, Income Taxes—Interim Reporting, to calculate our interim income tax provision. The discrete method treats the year-to-date period as if it were the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. We have historically calculated the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full year to ordinary income (loss) for the reporting period. We determined that since small changes in estimated ordinary income (loss) would result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate, the annual effective tax rate method would not provide a reliable estimate of income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. We apply the two-class method of computing EPS, which requires the calculation of separate EPS amounts for participating securities. Under the two-class computation method, net losses are not allocated to participating securities unless the holder of the security has a contractual obligation to share in the losses. Any anti-dilutive securities are excluded from the basic per-share calculation.

Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders, as adjusted for dilutive securities, by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus dilutive securities. Any anti-dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted per-share calculation. Potentially dilutive shares include unvested restricted share grants, unvested performance share grants, shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible debt and shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Common Units of our Operating Partnership.

New Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740). ASU No. 2023-09 provides for changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU No. 2023-09 also improves the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures by (1) adding disclosures of pretax income (or loss) and income tax expense (or benefit) to be consistent with SEC Regulation S-X 210.4-08(h), Rules of General Application—General Notes to Financial Statements: Income Tax Expense, and (2) removing disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial or relevant. ASU No. 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The adoption of ASU No. 2023-09 will not have a material effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, that will require entities to provide enhanced disclosures related to certain expense categories included on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. ASU No. 2024-03 is intended to increase transparency and provide investors with more detailed information about the nature of expenses reported on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Operations. ASU No. 2024-03 does not change the requirements for the presentation of expenses on the face of the consolidated statement of operations. Under ASU No. 2024-03, entities are required to disaggregate, in tabular format, expenses presented on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Operations - excluding earnings or losses from equity method investments - if they include any of the following expense categories: purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depreciation or depletion. For any remaining items within each relevant expense caption, entities must provide a qualitative description of the nature of those expenses. ASU No. 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. While the adoption of ASU No. 2024-03 is not expected to have a financial effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements, it will result in incremental disclosures within the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. 10-Q