Capital Stock, Stock Plans, Warrants and Stock Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Capital Stock, Stock Plans, Warrants and Stock Based Compensation

6.	Capital Stock, Stock Plans, Warrants and Stock Based Compensation

The Company has certain stock option plans under which it may award incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and/or non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”) to employees, officers, outside directors, and outside consultants.

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Troy Eshleman to the position of Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) on January 23, 2025, the Compensation and Stock Option Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) recommended, and the Board approved, the grant to Mr. Eshleman of an ISO for the purchase, under the Company’s 2017 Stock Option Plan (the “2017 Plan”), of up to 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $.001 (the “Common Stock”). The ISO has a six-year6 term and vests at 20% per year over a five-year5 period, commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date. The exercise price of the ISO is $10.70 per share, which equals the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock as quoted on NASDAQ on the grant date.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 for our employee and director stock options.

	2025		2024		2025		2024
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
Stock Options	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Employee Stock Options	$	96,000	$	72,000	$	203,000	$	163,000
Director Stock Options		90,000		60,000		179,000		121,000
Total	$	186,000	$	132,000	$	382,000	$	284,000

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had approximately $1,742,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested options for employee and directors. The weighted average period over which the unrecognized compensation costs are expected to be recognized is approximately 2.9 years.

The summary of the Company’s total Stock Option Plans as of June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2024, and changes during the periods then ended, are presented below. The Company’s Plans consist of the 2017 Plan and the 2003 Outside Directors Stock Plan (the “2003 Plan”):

Schedule of Stock Options Roll Forward

	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value ⁽⁵⁾
Options outstanding January 1, 2025		1,000,900		$	6.18				-
Granted		50,000		$	10.70
Exercised		(69,500	)	$	3.91			$	459,305
Forfeited		(17,000	)	$	8.72
Options outstanding end of period ⁽¹⁾		964,400		$	6.54		4.6	$	3,846,034
Options exercisable at June 30, 2025⁽²⁾		398,500		$	5.73		3.9	$	1,908,857

	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value ⁽⁵⁾
Options outstanding January 1, 2024		994,500		$	5.57				-
Granted		45,000		$	7.75
Exercised		(49,900	)	$	5.63			$	245,982
Forfeited		(44,000	)	$	6.05
Options outstanding end of period ⁽³⁾		945,600		$	5.65		4.6	$	4,232,804
Options exercisable at June 30, 2024⁽⁴⁾		343,900		$	5.05		3.5	$	1,747,136

⁽¹⁾	Options with exercise price ranging from $3.31 to $10.70.
⁽²⁾	Options with exercise price ranging from $3.31 to $9.81.
⁽³⁾	Options with exercise price ranging from $3.15 to $9.81.
⁽⁴⁾	Options with exercise price ranging from $3.15 to $7.50.
⁽⁵⁾	The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company issued a total of 26,744 shares of its Common Stock under the 2003 Plan to its outside directors as compensation for serving on the Company’s Board. The Company recorded approximately $239,000 in compensation expenses (included in selling, general and administration (“SG&A”) expenses) in connection with the issuance of shares of its Common Stock to outside directors.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company issued an aggregate 33,746 shares of its Common Stock from cashless exercises of options for the purchase of 55,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock ranging from $3.15 to $7.75 per share. Additionally, the Company issued an aggregate 14,500 shares of its Common Stock from cash exercises of options for the purchase of 14,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at exercise prices of $3.15 and $3.95 per share, resulting in proceeds of approximately $49,000.

In connection with the Company’s sales of its Common Stock in May 2024 and December 2024, the Company issued warrants to certain underwriter, placement agents and their designees to purchase up to an aggregate 188,038 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at exercise prices of $11.50 and $12.19 per share. These warrants remained outstanding as of June 30, 2025.

PERMA FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES INC 10-Q