Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiary, Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. (collectively, the “Corporation”). All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. (the “Bank”) converted from a federally chartered mutual savings bank to a federally chartered stock savings bank effective, June 27, 1996. Provident Financial Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation organized by the Bank, acquired all of the capital stock of the Bank issued in the conversion; the transaction was recorded on a book value basis.

The Corporation has determined that it operates in one business segment through the Bank. The Bank's activities include attracting deposits, offering banking services and originating and purchasing single-family, multi-family, commercial real estate, construction and other mortgage loans and, to a lesser extent, commercial business and consumer loans held for investment. Deposits are collected primarily from 13 banking locations located in Riverside and San Bernardino counties in California. Additional activities may include originating saleable single-family loans, primarily fixed-rate first mortgages. Loans are primarily originated and purchased in California.

Use of estimates

The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of investment securities, deferred tax assets (liabilities), and deferred compensation costs.

The following accounting policies, together with those disclosed elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements, represent the significant accounting policies of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and the Bank.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and due from banks, as well as overnight deposits placed at the FRB – San Francisco and correspondent banks.

Investment securities

The Corporation classifies its qualifying investments as available for sale or held to maturity. The Corporation classifies investments as held to maturity when it has the ability and it is management’s positive intent to hold such securities to maturity. Securities held to maturity are carried at amortized historical cost. All other securities are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value. Fair value generally is determined based upon quoted market prices. Changes in net unrealized gains or losses on debt securities available for sale are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Gains and losses on sale or dispositions of investment securities are included in non-interest income and are determined using the specific identification method. Purchase premiums and discounts are amortized over the expected average life of the securities using the effective interest method.

The Corporation evaluates individual investment securities quarterly for impairment based on Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” As a part of the Corporation’s monthly risk assessment, the Corporation runs a number of stressed liquidity scenarios to determine if it is more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the investment security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. These liquidity scenarios support the Corporation’s assessment that the Corporation has the ability to hold these held to maturity securities until maturity or available for sale securities until recovery of the amortized costs is realized and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized costs.

Loans held for investment

Loans held for investment primarily consist of long-term, fixed- and adjustable-rate loans secured by single-family residences, as well as multi-family and commercial real estate loans secured by multi-family and commercial properties, and loans secured by land and other residential properties. The Corporation intends to hold these loans for the foreseeable future. They are generally offered to customers and businesses located in California.

Net loan origination fees and certain direct origination expenses are deferred and amortized to interest income over the contractual life of the loan using the effective interest method. Amortization is discontinued for non-performing loans. Interest receivable primarily represents the current month’s interest, which will be included as a part of the borrower’s next monthly loan payment. Interest receivable is accrued only if deemed collectible. Generally, a loan is placed on non-performing status when it becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest or after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, where the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of the contractual principal or interest on the loan is doubtful. When a loan is placed on non-performing status, interest accrued but not received is reversed against interest income. Interest income on non-performing loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and the principal balance is deemed collectible. If the principal balance is not deemed collectible, the entire payment received (principal and interest) is applied to the outstanding loan balance. Non-performing loans that become current as to both principal and interest are returned to accrual status after demonstrating satisfactory payment history (usually six consecutive months) and when future payments are expected to be collectible.

Allowance for credit losses

The allowance for credit losses involves significant judgment and assumptions by management, which has a material impact on the carrying value of financial assets. The Corporation adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures.

Non-performing loans

The Corporation assesses loans individually and classifies them as non-performing when the accrual of interest has been discontinued, loans have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties or management has serious doubts about the future collectability of principal and interest, even though the loans may currently be performing. Factors considered in determining classification include, but are not limited to, expected future cash flows, the financial condition of the borrower and current economic conditions. The Corporation measures each non-performing loan based on ASC 326, establishes a collectively evaluated or individually evaluated allowance, and charges off those loans or portions of loans deemed uncollectible. Loans identified to be individually evaluated may have an allowance that is based upon the appraised value of the collateral, less selling costs or discounted cash flow with an appropriate default factor.

Real estate owned

Real estate acquired through foreclosure is initially recorded at the fair value of the real estate acquired, less estimated selling costs. Subsequent to foreclosure, the Corporation charges current earnings for estimated losses if the carrying value of the property exceeds its fair value. Gains or losses on the sale of real estate are recognized upon disposition of the property. Costs relating to improvement, maintenance and repairs of the property are charged to operations as incurred.

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Corporation reviews its long-lived assets for impairment annually or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets include buildings, land, fixtures, furniture and equipment. An asset is considered impaired when the expected discounted cash flows over the remaining useful life are less than the net book value. When impairment is indicated for an asset, the amount of impairment loss is the excess of the net book value over its fair value.

Premises and equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed primarily on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as follows:


Buildings		10 to 40 years
Furniture and fixtures		3 to 10 years
Automobiles		3 to 5 years
Computer equipment		3 to 5 years

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their respective lease terms or the useful life of the improvement, which ranges from one to 10 years. Maintenance and repair costs are charged to operations as incurred.

Income taxes

The Corporation accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740 requires the affirmative evaluation that it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of a tax position, that an enterprise is entitled to economic benefits resulting from positions taken in income tax returns. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the benefit of that position is not recognized in the financial statements.

ASC 740 requires that when determining the need for a valuation allowance against a deferred tax asset, management must assess both positive and negative evidence with regard to the realizability of the tax losses represented by that asset. To the extent available, if sources of taxable income are insufficient to absorb tax losses, a valuation allowance is necessary. Sources of taxable income for this analysis include prior years’ tax returns, the expected reversals of taxable temporary differences between book and tax income, prudent and feasible tax-planning strategies, and future taxable income. The deferred income tax asset related to the allowance for credit losses will be realized when actual charge-offs are made against the allowance. Based on the availability of loss carry-backs and projected taxable income during the periods for which loss carry-forwards are available, management believes it is more likely than not the Corporation will realize the deferred tax assets (liabilities). The Corporation continues to monitor the deferred tax assets or liabilities on a quarterly basis for a valuation allowance. The future realization of these tax benefits primarily hinges on adequate future earnings to utilize the tax benefit. Prospective earnings or losses, tax law changes or capital changes could prompt the Corporation to reevaluate the assumptions which may be used to establish a valuation allowance. As of June 30, 2025, the estimated net deferred tax liability was $832,000 and is included in accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; while, at June 30, 2024, the estimated net deferred tax asset was $606,000 and is included in prepaid expenses and other assets. The Corporation maintains the net deferred tax asset or liability for deductible temporary tax differences, such as loss reserves, deferred compensation, non-accrued interest and unrealized gains or losses, among other items. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, the Corporation’s net deferred tax position changed from a net deferred tax asset to a net deferred tax liability. This change was primarily due to the reversal of deferred tax assets previously recognized in connection with accrued Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan obligations, which were settled during the year, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities associated with unrealized gains on other equity investments, which are recorded through net income and result in taxable temporary differences. The Corporation did not have any liabilities for uncertain tax positions or any known unrecognized tax benefit at June 30, 2025 or 2024.

Bank owned life insurance ("BOLI")

ASC 715-60-35, "Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Post-retirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements," requires an employer to recognize obligations associated with endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that extend into the participant’s post-employment benefit cost for the continuing life insurance or based on the future death benefit depending on the contractual terms of the underlying agreement. The Corporation adopted ASC 715-60-35 using the latter option, i.e., based on the future death benefit. The Bank purchases BOLI policies on the lives of certain executive officers while they are employed by the Bank and is the owner and beneficiary of the policies. The Bank invests in BOLI to provide an efficient form of funding for long-term retirement and other employee benefits costs. The Bank records these BOLI policies within prepaid expenses and other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at each policy’s respective cash surrender value, with net changes recorded in other non-interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Cash dividend and Stock repurchases

Cash dividend

A declaration or payment of dividends is at the discretion of the Corporation’s Board of Directors, who take into account the Corporation’s financial condition, results of operations, tax considerations, capital requirements, industry standards, economic conditions and other factors, including the regulatory restrictions which affect the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Corporation. Under Delaware law, dividends may be paid either out of surplus or, if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the current fiscal year and/or the preceding fiscal year in which the dividend is declared. For additional information, see Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements regarding the subsequent event related to the cash dividend.

Stock repurchases

The Corporation repurchased 285,170 shares of its common stock at an average cost of $15.04 per share during fiscal 2025 pursuant to its publicly announced stock repurchase plans. As of June 30, 2025, 217,028 shares, or 65% of the shares authorized for repurchase, remained available under the Corporation’s existing repurchase plan, which is set to expire on January 23, 2026.

Earnings per common share ("EPS")

Earnings per common share (“EPS”)

Basic EPS represents net income divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period excluding any potential dilutive effects. Diluted EPS gives effect to any potential issuance of common stock that would have caused basic EPS to be lower as if the issuance had already occurred. Accordingly, diluted EPS reflects an increase in the weighted average shares outstanding as a result of the assumed exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock. The computation of diluted EPS does not assume exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock that would have an anti-dilutive effect on EPS.

Stock-based compensation

ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” requires companies to recognize in the Consolidated Statements of Operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and directors. Stock-based compensation, inclusive of restricted stock expense, recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $543,000 and $240,000, respectively.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP")

The Corporation recognizes compensation expense when the Bank contributes funds to the ESOP for the purchase of the Corporation’s common stock to be allocated to the ESOP participants. Since the contributions are discretionary, the benefits payable under the ESOP cannot be estimated.

Restricted stock

The Corporation recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period of the shares awarded, equal to the fair value of the shares at the award date. A total of $472,000 and $203,000 of restricted stock expense was amortized during fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Post-retirement benefits

The estimated obligation for post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits is determined based on an actuarial computation of the cost of current and future benefits for the eligible (grandfathered) retirees and employees. The post retirement benefit liability is included in accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Effective July 1, 2003, the Corporation discontinued the post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to any employee not previously qualified (grandfathered) for these benefits, unless included within an employment agreement. At June 30, 2025 and 2024, the accrued liability for post-retirement benefits was $741,000 and $450,000, respectively.

Comprehensive income

Under ASC 220, “Comprehensive Income,” comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income, including unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities and interest-only strips. Accumulated comprehensive income (loss) is reported as a separate component of the stockholders’ equity section of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.

Accounting Standard Updates ("ASU")

Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU”)

ASU 2024-03:

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities (“PBEs”) to disclose disaggregated information about specific natural expense categories underlying certain income statement expense line items that are considered relevant expense captions because they include one or more of the five natural expense categories identified in this ASU. Such disclosures must be made on an annual and interim basis in a tabular format in the footnotes to the financial statements. The ASU requires entities to disaggregate any relevant expense caption presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations into the following required natural expense categories, as applicable: (1) inventory purchases, (2) employee compensation, (3) depreciation, (4) intangible asset amortization, and (5) depreciation, depletion and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities or other depletion expenses. The ASU does not affect the presentation of expenses on the face of the income statement. Rather, it requires additional disaggregation of those captions into specified natural expense categories in the financial statement footnotes. This ASU is effective for all PBEs for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is in the process of reviewing the impact of this ASU and has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS INC 10-K