Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)	North America			South America			Europe			Asia			Surface Technologies			Total
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	2,202		$	129		$	698		$	61		$	143		$	3,233
Acquisitions	—			—			—			—			—			—
Purchase adjustments & other	12			—			—			—			—			12
Foreign currency translation	(7		)	(22		)	(12		)	(1		)	(3		)	(45		)
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	2,207		$	107		$	686		$	60		$	140		$	3,200

Changes in the carrying amounts of other intangibles for the six months ended June 30, 2018 were as follows:



(Millions of dollars)	Customer & License/Use Agreements			Non-compete Agreements			Patents & Other			Total
Cost:
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	772		$	28		$	52		$	852
Additions	—			—			—			—
Foreign currency translation	(6		)	—			—			(6		)
Other*	(20		)	(5		)	—			(25		)
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	746		$	23		$	52		$	821
Less: Accumulated amortization
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	(260	)	$	(18	)	$	(21	)	$	(299	)
Amortization expense	(19		)	(2		)	(2		)	(23		)
Foreign currency translation	2			—			—			2
Other*	19			5			—			24
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	(258	)	$	(15	)	$	(23	)	$	(296	)
Net balance at June 30, 2018	$	488		$	8		$	29		$	525

* Other primarily relates to the write-off of fully amortized assets.

Total estimated annual amortization expense is as follows:

PRAXAIR INC 10-Q