Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Accounting Principles - The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with these notes and those included in the Company's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporated herein by reference. The financial accounting and reporting process relies on estimates and on the exercise of judgment. In the opinion of management all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring accruals necessary for a fair presentation of interim periods' results and financial condition have been recorded. Pertinent accounting and disclosure pronouncements issued by the FASB are adopted by the Company as they become effective. Statement Presentation - Amounts shown in the consolidated financial statements and applicable notes are stated (except as otherwise indicated and as to per share data) in millions, which amounts may not add to totals shown due to truncation. Prior period amounts have been reclassified whenever appropriate to conform to the most current presentation. Accounting Standards Pending Adoption - In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures which will require further disaggregation of existing disclosures for the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments will require entities to disclose: •A tabular effective tax rate reconciliation, broken out into specific categories with certain reconciling items above a 5% threshold further broken out by nature and/or jurisdiction, and •Income taxes paid (net of refunds received), broken out between federal, state, and foreign, and net amounts paid to an individual jurisdiction that exceed 5% of the total. The requirements are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company plans to adopt these annual disclosure-only requirements with the filing of its 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses which will require additional disclosure as to the nature of expenses included in the income statement. The new standard requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement, such as employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. The guidance does not change the requirements for the presentation of expenses on the face of the income statement. The requirements are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and can be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this disclosure-only guidance. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software which clarifies and modernizes accounting for costs related to internal-use software to better align with current software development practices, including agile methodologies. The new standard removes all references to software development project stages, clarifies threshold requirements to begin capitalizing costs, and provides guidance on how to evaluate whether the probable-to-complete threshold has been met. Under this new guidance, an entity will be required to capitalize software costs when both: •Management, with the relevant authority, implicitly or explicitly authorizes and commits to funding a computer software project, and •It is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The requirements are effective for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and can be applied on a prospective, modified, or retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance. Investments - The Company classifies its fixed income securities as those it either (1) has the intent and ability to hold until maturity, (2) has available for sale, or (3) has the intention of trading. The Company's fixed income portfolio is classified as available for sale as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Fixed income securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value with changes in such values, net of deferred income taxes, reflected directly in shareholders' equity. Equity securities are reported at fair value with changes in such values reflected as unrealized investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income. Fair values are based on quoted market prices or estimates using values obtained from recognized independent pricing services. The status and fair value changes of fixed income securities are reviewed at least once per quarter to assess whether a decline in fair value of a security below its cost basis is the result of a credit loss. Credit losses are recorded through an allowance with the corresponding charge to realized investment gains (losses). If the Company intends to sell or is more likely than not required to sell a security, the asset is written down to fair value directly through realized investment gains (losses). Investment income is reported net of allocated expenses and includes appropriate adjustments for amortization of premium and accretion of discount on fixed income securities acquired at other than par value. Dividends on equity securities are credited to income on the ex-dividend date. At September 30, 2025, the Company and its subsidiaries do not have significant amounts of non-income producing securities. Investment gains and losses, which result from sales or write-downs of securities, are reflected as net investment gains (losses) in the income statement and are determined on the basis of amortized cost at the date of sale for fixed income securities, and cost for equity securities, with such bases applying to the specific securities sold. Revenue Recognition - Pursuant to GAAP applicable to the insurance industry, revenues are recognized as follows: Substantially all Specialty Insurance premiums pertain to annual policies and are reflected in income on a pro-rata basis in association with the related loss and loss adjustment expenses. Title Insurance premium and fee revenues stemming from the Company's direct operations (which include branch offices of its title insurers and wholly-owned agency subsidiaries) are generally recognized as income at the transaction closing date which approximates the policy effective date. Fee income related to escrow and other closing services is recognized when the related services have been performed and completed. The remaining Title Insurance premium and fee revenues are produced by independent title agents. Rather than making estimates that could be subject to significant variance from actual premium and fee production, the Company recognizes revenues from those sources upon receipt. Such receipts can result in up to a four-month lag relative to the effective date of the underlying title policy, and are offset concurrently by production expenses and loss reserve provisions. Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves - The establishment of loss reserves by the Company's operating companies is a reasonably complex and dynamic process influenced by a large variety of factors. These factors principally include past experience applicable to the anticipated costs of various types of claims; continually evolving and changing legal theories from the judicial system; recurring accounting, statistical, and actuarial studies; the professional experience and expertise of the Company's claim departments' personnel, attorneys, and independent claim adjusters; ongoing changes in claim frequency or severity patterns such as those caused by natural disasters, illnesses, accidents, and work-related injuries; and changes in general and industry-specific economic conditions. Consequently, the reserves established are a reflection of: the opinions of a large number of persons; the application and interpretation of historical precedent and trends; expectations as to future developments; and management's judgment in interpreting all such factors. At any point in time, the Company is exposed to the possibility of higher or lower than anticipated loss costs due to all of these factors, and to the evolution, interpretation, and expansion of tort law, as well as the effects of unexpected jury verdicts. All reserves are therefore based on estimates which are periodically reviewed and evaluated in light of emerging loss experience and changing circumstances. The resulting changes in estimates are recorded in operations of the periods during which they are made. Return and additional premiums and policyholders' dividends, all of which tend to be affected by development of losses in future years, may offset, in whole or in part, favorable or unfavorable loss developments for certain coverages such as workers' compensation, portions of which are written under loss sharing programs that provide for such adjustments. Management believes that its overall reserving practices have been consistently applied over many years, and that its aggregate net reserves have generally resulted in reasonable approximations of the ultimate net costs of losses incurred. However, no representation is made nor is any guaranty given that ultimate net losses and related costs will not develop in future years to be significantly greater or lower than currently established reserve estimates. The Company's accounting policy regarding the establishment of loss reserve estimates is described in Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Old Republic's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Employee Benefit Plans - The Company has a closed pension plan (the Plan) for certain employees under which benefits were frozen as of December 31, 2013. The funded status of the Plan is recognized as a net pension asset or liability, as applicable, with offsetting entries reflected as a component of shareholders' equity in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred taxes. The Company has a number of profit sharing and other incentive compensation programs for the benefit of a substantial number of employees. Additional Paid-in Capital - Additional paid-in capital is comprised of the cumulative cash received by the Company in excess of the par value associated with shares issued, less the cumulative cash paid in excess of the par value of shares repurchased. Treasury Stock - Treasury stock represents the Company’s previously issued shares of stock which have been repurchased by the Company. These shares are accounted for at the cost at which they were acquired. Treasury stock is typically impacted by repurchases of shares under the Board of Directors approved share repurchase programs. Common Share Repurchases - Common shares acquired under share repurchase programs are generally retired, restoring them to authorized, unissued status. Repurchases above par value are first charged to additional paid-in capital, with any excess charged to retained earnings. Variable Interest Entities - A variable interest entity (VIE) is a legal entity that: •Lacks sufficient equity at risk to finance its own activities without additional subordinated financial support, or •Is structured such that equity investors do not have the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity's operations through voting rights, or •Does not substantively participate in the gains and losses of the entity. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE subject to consolidation based on a qualitative assessment of: •The VIE’s capital structure, contractual terms, nature of operations, and purpose, •The Company’s relative exposure to the related risks of the VIE, and •The breadth of the Company’s decision-making ability and ability to influence activities that significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE. Old Republic consolidates VIEs in which it is determined to have the controlling financial interest (primary beneficiary) as a result of having both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Noncontrolling Interests - Noncontrolling interests represent the portions of equity not attributable, directly or indirectly, to Old Republic.

OLD REPUBLIC INTERNATIONAL CORP 10-Q