UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File Number 000-22182

MOSAIC IMMUNOENGINEERING, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

84-1070278

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9114 Adams Avenue, #202, Huntington Beach, California

(Address of principal executive offices)

94646

(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (657) 208-0890

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
None		None		None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO ☒

On ~~May~~August 2018, 2025, 7,242,137 shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, were outstanding.

INDEX

	Page

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements	4
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	21
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	21

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	22
Item 1A. Risk Factors	22
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	22
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	22
Item 5. Other Information	22
Item 6. Exhibits	22

SIGNATURES	23

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company,” the “combined company,” “Mosaic,” “we,” “our,” or “us” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report” or Quarterly Report”), including all documents incorporated by reference herein, includes certain statements constituting “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements concerning our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, estimates, intentions, operations, future results and prospects, and we rely on the “safe harbor” provisions in those laws. We are including this statement for the express purpose of availing ourselves of the protections of such safe harbors with respect to all such forward-looking statements. In this Report, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “future,” “estimates,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “will,” “shall,” “propose,” “continue,” “predict,” “plan” or the negative versions of these terms and other similar expressions are generally intended to identify certain of these forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed in “Risk Factors,” in Part II, Item 1A of this Report as well as information provided elsewhere in this Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on April 15, 2025. You should carefully consider that information before you make an investment decision.

You should not place undue reliance on these types of forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. These forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the Company’s management based on information currently available to management and should be considered in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that the Company may issue in the future as well as other cautionary statements the Company has made and may make. Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements after completion of the filing of this Report to reflect later events or circumstances or the occurrence of unanticipated events.

The discussion of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in this Report.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	unaudited
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8553,~~930~~583		$	115,019
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		114,~~854~~116			26,592
Total current assets		9757,~~784~~699			141,611
Total assets	$	9757,~~784~~699		$	141,611
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	~~138~~133,~~129~~808		$	134,865
Accrued compensation		34,~~888~~011,~~949~~998			3,767,652
Accrued consulting		787,903			787,903
Accrued expenses and other		~~641~~636,~~700~~632			646,850
Loan payable		200,000			200,000
Total current liabilities		5,~~656~~770,~~681~~341			5,537,270
Convertible notes, net		1,~~410~~428,~~597~~880			1,392,515
Total liabilities		7,~~067~~199,~~278~~221			6,929,785
Commitments and contingencies		–			–
Stockholders’ deficit:
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized:		–			–
Series A Convertible Voting Preferred Stock; 630,000 shares designated; no shares issued and outstanding		–			–
Series B Convertible Voting Preferred Stock; 70,000 shares designated; 70,000 shares issued and outstanding		1			1
Common stock, $0.00001 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized: 7,242,137 shares issued and outstanding		72			72
Additional paid-in capital		2,050,073			2,050,073
Accumulated deficit		(9,~~019~~191,~~640~~668	)		(8,838,320	)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(67,~~969~~141,~~494~~522	)		(6,788,174	)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	9757,~~784~~699		$	141,611

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	2025			2024
	June 30, 2025			June 30, 2024			June 30, 2025			June 30, 2024
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	1516,~~803~~006		$	6760,~~311~~707		$	31,809		$	128,018
General and administrative		~~158~~132,~~971~~848			~~201~~213,~~455~~595			291,819			415,050
Total operating expenses		~~174~~148,~~774~~854			~~268~~274,~~766~~302			323,628			543,068
Loss from operations		(~~174~~148,~~774~~854	)		(~~268~~274,~~766~~302	)		(323,628	)		(543,068	)
Other income (expense):
Other income		~~14,000~~–			–			14,000			–
Interest income		31			31			4			4
Interest expense on loan payable		(2,~~466~~493	)		–			(4,959	)		–
Non-cash interest expense on convertible notes		(18,~~083~~282	)		(1819,~~283~~416	)		(36,365	)		(37,699	)
Accretion to redemption value on convertible notes		–			~~(1,446~~–	)		–			(1,446	)
Total other income (expense), net		(620,~~546~~774	)		(19,~~726~~415	)		(27,320	)		(39,141	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(~~181~~169,~~320~~628	)		(~~288~~293,~~492~~717	)		(350,948	)		(582,209	)
Provision for income taxes		–2,400			–			2,400			–
Net loss	$	(~~181~~172,~~320~~028	)	$	(~~288~~293,~~492~~717	)	$	(353,348	)	$	(582,209	)
Basic and diluted loss per common share	$	(0.0302	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.05	)	$	(0.08	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted		7,236,447			7,236,447			7,236,447			7,236,447

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

(Unaudited)

For the Three Months Ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025

	Series A Convertible Voting Preferred Stock						Series B Convertible Voting Preferred Stock	~~Series B Convertible Voting Preferred Stock~~		Common Stock				~~Common Stock~~		Additional Paid-in				Accumulated		~~Additional Paid-in~~		Total Stockholders'		~~Accumulated~~			~~Total Stockholders'~~
	Shares		Amount		~~Amount~~		Shares	~~Shares~~Amount		~~Amount~~Shares		Amount		~~Shares~~		Capital		~~Amount~~		Deficit		~~Capital~~		Deficit		~~Deficit~~			~~Deficit~~
Balances, January 1, 2025		–			$	–			70,000	$	1				7,242,137			$	72			$	2,050,073			$	(8,838,320	)	$	(6,788,174	)
Balances, March 31, 2025	–		$	–			70,000	$	1	7,242,137		$	72			$	2,050,073			$	(9,019,640	)		$	(6,969,494	)
Net loss	–	–		–		–	–		–	–	–		–		–		–		–		(172,028	)	–		(172,028	)	~~(181,320~~	)		~~(181,320~~	)
Balances, March 31, 2025		–			$	–			70,000	$	1				7,242,137			$	72			$	2,050,073			$	(9,019,640	)	$	(6,969,494	)
Balances, June 30, 2025	–		$	–			70,000	$	1	7,242,137		$	72			$	2,050,073			$	(9,191,668	)		$	(7,141,522	)

For the Three Months Ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2024

	Series A Convertible Voting Preferred Stock						Series B Convertible Voting Preferred Stock	~~Series B Convertible Voting Preferred Stock~~		Common Stock				~~Common Stock~~		Additional Paid-in				Accumulated		~~Additional Paid-in~~		Total Stockholders'		~~Accumulated~~			~~Total Stockholders'~~
	Shares		Amount		~~Amount~~		Shares	~~Shares~~Amount		~~Amount~~Shares		Amount		~~Shares~~		Capital		~~Amount~~		Deficit		~~Capital~~		Deficit		~~Deficit~~			~~Deficit~~
Balances, January 1, 2024		–			$	–			70,000	$	1				7,242,137			$	72			$	2,045,206			$	(7,916,337	)	$	(5,871,058	)
Balances, March 31, 2024	–		$	–			70,000	$	1	7,242,137		$	72			$	2,050,073			$	(8,204,829	)		$	(6,154,683	)
Share-based compensation		–				–			–		–				–				–				4,867				–			4,867
Net loss	–			–			–		–	–			–				–				(293,717	)			(293,717	)
Net loss		–				–			–		–				–				–				–				(288,492	)		(288,492	)
Balances, June 30, 2024	–		$	–			70,000	$	1	7,242,137		$	72			$	2,050,073			$	(8,498,546	)		$	(6,448,400	)
Balances, March 31, 2024		–			$	–			70,000	$	1				7,242,137			$	72			$	2,050,073			$	(8,204,829	)	$	(6,154,683	)

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025


	Series A Convertible Voting Preferred Stock			Series B Convertible Voting Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Accumulated			Total Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit			Deficit
Balances, January 1, 2025	–	$	–	70,000	$	1	7,242,137	$	72	$	2,050,073	$	(8,838,320	)	$	(6,788,174	)

Net loss	–		–	–		–	–		–		–		(353,348	)		(353,348	)

Balances, June 30, 2025	–	$	–	70,000	$	1	7,242,137	$	72	$	2,050,073	$	(9,191,668	)	$	(7,141,522	)

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024


	Series A Convertible Voting Preferred Stock			Series B Convertible Voting Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Accumulated			Total Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit			Deficit
Balances, January 1, 2024	–	$	–	70,000	$	1	7,242,137	$	72	$	2,045,206	$	(7,916,337	)	$	(5,871,058	)

Share-based compensation	–		–	–		–	–		–		4,867		–			4,867

Net loss	–		–	–		–	–		–		–		(582,209	)		(582,209	)

Balances, June 30, 2024	–	$	–	70,000	$	1	7,242,137	$	72	$	2,050,073	$	(8,498,546	)	$	(6,448,400	)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(~~181~~353,~~320~~348	)	$	(~~288~~582,~~492~~209	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation		–			4,867
Non-cash interest on convertible notes		1836,~~083~~365			1836,~~283~~565
Interest expense on loan payable		–			1,133
Accretion to redemption value on convertible notes		–			1,446
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1422,~~738~~476			914,~~442~~812
Accounts payable		3(1,~~264~~057	)		106,~~973~~562
Accrued compensation		~~121~~244,~~297~~346			~~162~~327,~~035~~566
Accrued expenses and other		(510,~~150~~218	)		(918,~~693~~186	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(2961,~~089~~436	)		(91207,~~139~~444	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(29,089	)		(91,139	)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of loan payable		–			55,000
Net cash provided by financing activities		–			55,000
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(61,436	)		(152,444	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		115,019			156,178
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	8553,~~930~~583		$	653,~~039~~734
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	–2,400		$	–
Cash paid for interest	$	–		$	–

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements For the Three and Six Months Ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company,” the “combined company,” “Mosaic,” “we,” “our,” or “us” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Report" or “Quarterly Report”) refer to Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

1.	Organization and Business

Organization

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. (the “Company,” “Mosaic,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a corporation organized under Delaware law on March 24, 1992. We are a development-stage biotechnology company focused on advancing and eventually commercializing immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. We have historically advanced early-stage product candidate and we are pursuing new product candidates and platforms to expand our pipeline based on aour ~~deep~~ understanding of immunotherapies and our license agreements with University of California San Diego.

The Company has two inactive wholly owned subsidiaries: Mosaic ImmunoEngineering Development Company, a corporation organized under Delaware law on March 30, 2020 and Patriot Data Solutions Group, Inc.

Going Concern and Management’s Plans

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $8553,~~930~~583 and has not yet generated any revenues. Therefore, our ability to continue our operations is highly dependent on our ability to raise capital to fund future operations. We anticipate, based on currently proposed plans and assumptions, that our cash and cash equivalents on hand will not satisfy our operational and capital requirements through twelve months from the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

There are a number of uncertainties associated with our ability to raise additional capital and we have no current arrangements with respect to any additional financing. In addition, the continuation of disruptions caused by COVID-19 or other variants or pandemics, broad-based inflation, and various economic indicators that the United States economy may be entering a recession in upcoming quarters may cause investors to slow down or delay their decision to deploy capital which will adversely impact our ability to fund future operations. Consequently, there can be no assurance that any additional financing on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, will be available when needed. The inability to obtain additional capital will delay our ability to conduct our business operations. Any additional equity financing may involve substantial dilution to our then existing stockholders. The above matters raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

2.	Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should therefore be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period presented.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (continued)

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, as compared to the significant accounting policies ~~disclosed~~ disclosed in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

There have been no additional accounting pronouncements adopted by the Company or new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) during the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in Note 2 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, that the Company believes are of significance or potential significance to the Company.

3.	Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Under this authoritative guidance, we are required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. We determine fair value based on quoted prices when available or through the use of alternative approaches, such as discounting the expected cash flows using market interest rates commensurate with the credit quality and duration of the investment or valuations by third-party professionals. The three levels of inputs that we may use to measure fair value are:

	·	Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
	·	Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
	·	Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

The carrying amount of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate their estimated fair values primarily due to the short-term nature of the instruments or based on information obtained from market sources and management estimates. Convertible notes were initially recorded at their amortized cost and were accreted to their redemption value over the estimated conversion period using the effective interest method (Note 6).

4.	Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

Schedule of accrued expenses and other current liabilities
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Crossflo acquisition liability	$	177,244	$	177,244
Accrued patent expenses		430,873		430,873
Other accrued expenses		3328,~~583~~515		38,733
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	~~641~~636,~~700~~632	$	646,850

In September 2008, we acquired Patriot Data Solutions Group, Inc. formerly known as Crossflo Systems, Inc. (“PDSG”). In connection with the acquisition of Crossflo, we have accrued $177,244 that could be payable to Crossflo investors.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (continued)

5.	License Agreements

License Option Agreement and License Agreement with CWRU

On July 1, 2020, we signed a License Option Agreement with CWRU, granting the Company the exclusive right to license certain technology covering an immunotherapy platform technology to treat and prevent cancer in humans and for veterinary use,. ~~including~~On ~~MIE-101~~May 4, ~~our~~2022, ~~lead~~we ~~clinical~~exercised ~~candidate.~~our ~~Under~~rights under the License Option Agreement, and entered into a license agreement with CWRU ~~granted~~(“License usAgreement”). ~~the~~On ~~exclusive~~March ~~option~~22, ~~for~~2024, we received a ~~period~~notice of ~~two~~termination ~~(2)~~from ~~years~~ CWRU to ~~negotiate~~terminate the License Agreement effective on the notice date. As of June 30, 2025 and ~~enter~~December ~~into~~31, a2024, ~~license~~we ~~agreement~~have ~~with~~accrued ~~CWRU~~$406,973 ~~provided~~in ~~that~~accrued wepatent ~~meet~~fees ~~certain~~under ~~diligence~~the ~~milestones~~License Agreement.

Under the License Option Agreement, we issued CWRU 70,000 shares of Class B Common Stock at the fair market value of $7 on the date of issuance. On August 21, 2020, the Class B Common Stock was exchanged for shares of Series B Preferred.

On May 4, 2022, we exercised our rights under the License Option Agreement and entered into a license agreement with CWRU (“License Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement, we agreed to pay CWRU for each licensed product used in human applications (i) development milestones of up to $1.8 million in aggregate dependent upon the progress of clinical trials, regulatory approvals, and initiation of product launch, (ii) tiered royalty on net sales beginning in the mid-single digits, (iii) annual minimum royalty of $10,000 beginning on the second anniversary date of the Agreement with the minimum amount rising based on net sales of the licensed product, and (iv) a declining percentage of all non-royalty sublicensing income based on the escalating stage of development upon a sublicensing event, if applicable. In addition, we agreed to pay CWRU for each licensed product used in veterinarian applications (i) a tiered royalty on net sales beginning in the low single digits and (ii) a declining percentage of all non-royalty sublicensing income based on the escalating stage of development upon a sublicensing event, if applicable.

In addition, we are responsible for the reimbursement of all past, current and future patent fees incurred by CWRU under the License Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not incur any patent legal fees associated with the License Agreement.

Furthermore, we agreed to reimburse CWRU for all intellectual property fees incurred since inception of the portfolio through the date of the License Agreement in the amount of approximately $303,000 (included in Accrued expenses and other in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets) in four (4) equal quarterly installments beginning upon the sooner of (i) August 31, 2022 or (ii) upon the Company closing a financing in the amount of $5 million or more. Due to our limited cash position, as of December 31, 2024, we had not paid any amounts owed to CWRU and we continued to seek additional time to raise sufficient capital in order to pay amounts due to CWRU. On March 22, 2024, we received a notice of termination from CWRU to terminate the License Agreement effective on the notice date. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we have accrued $406,973 in accrued patent fees under the License Agreement.

License Agreements with University of California San Diego (“UC San Diego”)

During July 2021, we licensed the exclusive rights from UC San Diego to develop and commercialize technology that involves the loading of immuno-stimulatory molecules into plant virus protein nanoparticles. These plant virus protein nanoparticles can be loaded with other TLR agonists to further tailor specific immune response parameters. Under the licensing agreement, we are obligated to pay (i) a nominal upfront license access fee, (ii) all patent costs incurred prior to the effective date of the license agreement, (iii) annual license maintenance fees beginning on the second anniversary date of the agreement, (iv) aggregate future milestone payments based on potential clinical development and regulatory milestones of up to $165,000 through Phase III development plus additional milestones upon regulatory approval in the U.S. and other countries, (v) potential sales milestones upon achieving certain sales levels, and (vi) a low single digit royalty on net sales and/or a percentage of sublicense income.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (continued)

During September 2021, we licensed the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize several novel vaccine candidates, including SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious disease applications from UC San Diego. Under the licensing agreement, we are obligated to pay (i) a nominal upfront license access fee, (ii) all patent costs incurred prior to the effective date of the license agreement, (iii) annual license maintenance fees beginning on the second anniversary date of the agreement, (iv) aggregate future milestone payments based on potential clinical development and regulatory milestones of up to $1,250,000 through Phase III development plus additional milestones upon regulatory approval in the U.S. and other countries, and (v) a low single digit royalty on net sales and/or a percentage of sublicense income. On July 12, 2023, we provided notice to UC San Diego to terminate the September 2021 license agreement based on our evaluation of our licensed technology portfolio and our focus on advancing our lead oncology candidate, MIE-101.

During the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 ~~and~~ and 2024, we did not incur any intellectual property costs associated with the license agreements with UC San Diego.

As of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we ~~have~~ have accrued $40,900 in accrued expenses under the license agreements with UC San Diego.

6.	Convertible Notes

On May 7, 2021, we entered into a convertible note purchase agreement (“May Note Agreement”) with five (5) accredited investors, including three (3) members of our Board of Directors (“Board”) that participated on the same terms as other accredited investors. Pursuant to the Note Agreement, we received $525,003 in proceeds in addition to $49,997 in accrued payable to founder that was invested in convertible notes and the Company issued unsecured convertible promissory notes (“May Convertible Notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of $575,000.

On February 18, 2022, we entered into additional convertible note purchase agreements (“February Note Agreement”) with sixteen (16) accredited investors, including five (5) members of our Board that participated on the same terms as other accredited investors. Pursuant to the February Note Agreement, we received $341,632 in proceeds and issued unsecured convertible promissory notes (“February Convertible Notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of $341,632. The February Convertible Notes were issued as part of a convertible note offering authorized by the Company’s Board (the “Convertible Notes Offering”) for raising up to $5 million from the issuance of convertible notes through June 30, 2022.

The May and February Convertible Notes (collectively, the “Convertible Notes”) have no stated maturity date; bear interest at a simple rate equal to eight percent (8.0%) per annum until converted; and automatically convert into the same equity securities issued for cash in the Qualified Financing (as described below), or at the option of the holder, into the same equity securities issued for cash in a Smaller Financing (as described below). Interest on the Convertible Notes is accreted and added to the unpaid principal balance prior to conversion of the Convertible Notes. During the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company recorded non-cash interest expense on the Convertible Notes in the amount of $18,282 and $36,365, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded non-cash interest expense on the Convertible Notes in the amount of $1819,~~083~~ 416 and $1837,~~283~~699, respectively.

The Convertible Notes will convert into the same ~~equity~~ equity securities offered in the Qualified Financing or Smaller Financing (“Conversion Shares”), as described below, at a ~~conversion~~ conversion price equal to the lower of (i) the product equal to 80% times the lowest per unit purchase price of the equity securities issued for cash in the Qualified Financing or Smaller Financing, or (ii) $2.377 for the May Convertible Notes (“May Conversion Price”) or $1.00 for the February Convertible Notes (“February Conversion Price”). Pursuant to the February Note Agreement, for each holder of the May Convertible Notes that purchased a February Convertible Note in the amount of (a) $50,000 or (b) an amount equivalent to the principal amount of their May Convertible Note, the conversion price of the May Convertible Notes was adjusted to the February Conversion Price. As of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the principal amount of the Convertible Notes that may be converted at the February Conversion Price was $866,632. In addition, the conversion price may be reduced or increased proportionately as a result of stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations, reorganizations, and similar transactions. Upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes in connection with a Qualified Financing or a Smaller Financing, as applicable, the Convertible Notes shall convert immediately prior to the closing thereof, such that the investors paying cash in such Qualified Financing or Smaller Financing, as applicable, are not diluted by the conversion of the Convertible Notes.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (continued)

Pursuant to the Convertible Notes, a Qualified Financing represents a single transaction or series of transactions whereby the Company receives aggregate gross proceeds of at least $5 million from the sale of equity securities following the issuance date (excluding proceeds from the issuance of any future convertible notes). A Smaller Financing represents any sale of equity securities whereby the aggregate gross proceeds are less than $5 million (excluding proceeds from the issuance of any future convertible notes).

In addition, in the event of a corporate transaction covering the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, or merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or change in ownership of at least 50% in voting securities of the Company, the holder of the Convertible Note may elect that either: (a) the Company pay the holder of such Convertible Note an amount equal to the sum of (i) all accrued and unpaid interest due on such Convertible Note and (ii) one and one-half (1.5) times the outstanding principal balance of such Convertible Note; or (b) such Convertible Note will convert into that number of conversion shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the outstanding principal balance and unpaid accrued interest of such Convertible Note on the date of conversion by (ii) the May or February Conversion Price, as applicable.

Pursuant to ASC Topic 835-30, “Imputation of of Interest”, the Convertible Notes were initially recorded at their amortized cost of $916,632 and are being accreted to their ~~redemption~~ redemption value of $1,145,790 (“Redemption Value”) over the estimated conversion period ending ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 using the effective interest method. During the three six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2024, the Company recorded $0 and $1,446, respectively, in accretion to redemption ~~value~~ value on the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes have been accreted to their full Redemption Value as of March 31, 2024.

7.	Note Payable

On November 18, 2024, we entered into an unsecured convertible promissory note (“Note Purchase Agreement”) with an accredited investor (“Investor”) for proceeds of up to $200,000 to be used for general corporate purposes. On December 4, 2024, the Company received $200,000 under the note purchase agreement and issued an unsecured convertible note bearing interest at a rate of 5% per annum that is due and payable upon closing a financing of at least $10.0 million or convertible into shares of common stock of the Company, at the sole discretion of the accredited investor. The number of shares of common stock to be issued, if converted, would be equal to the unpaid principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest thereon divided by the closing price of our common stock on the date that is one day prior to such election. During the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company recorded interest expense on the note payable of $2,~~466~~493 and $4,959, respectively. As of June ~~March 31~~30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has accrued $35,~~206~~699 and $740, respectively, in interest that is included in other accrued expenses within the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

8.	Stockholders’ Equity and Share-Based Compensation

Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

The Company’s authorized capital consists of of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Preferred Stock”). We designated 630,000 shares of Series A Convertible Voting Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred”) and designated and issued 70,000 shares of Series B Convertible Voting Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred”). As of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there are no shares of Series A Preferred outstanding and 70,000 shares of Series B Preferred outstanding.

Series B Preferred

On August 21, 2020, the Company issued 70,000 shares of Series B Preferred (classified as permanent equity), in exchange for 70,000 shares of Class B Common Stock in connection with the reverse merger in August 2020. Each share of Series B Preferred has a par value of $0.00001 per share, no dividend rate, a stated value of $6.50 per share, and each share of Series B Preferred initially converts into 11.46837 shares of common stock of the Company (“Series B Conversion Number”). In addition, the Series B Preferred possesses full voting rights, on an as-converted basis, as the common stock of the Company, as defined in the Series B Certificate of Designation. Furthermore, the Series B Preferred does not have any mandatory conversion rights and only converts upon written notice from the holder.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (continued)

The Series B Preferred also includes certain anti-dilution rights (“anti-dilution issuance rights”), whereby the holder of Series B Preferred will continue to maintain ownership equal to 10% of the fully diluted shares of common stock outstanding, including for such purposes all other convertible securities outstanding and reserved for issuance except equity awards issued and outstanding and reserved for issuance under a board approved equity compensation plan reserving for issuance no more than ten percent (10%) of the outstanding common stock of the Company then outstanding, until the Capital Threshold is met. The anti-dilution issuance rights meet the definition of a derivative instrument under FASB’s ASC Topic 815. As of December 31, 2023, the $1 million dollar Capital Threshold was achieved and therefore, there is no remaining derivative liability.

In the event of any Liquidation Event, the Holders of Series B Preferred shall be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets or surplus funds of the Company to the holders of common stock, an amount per share in cash equal to the greater of (x) the stated value of $6.50 for each share of Series B Preferred then held by the holder or (y) the amount payable per share of common stock which such holder of Series B Preferred would have received if such Holder had converted to common stock immediately prior to the Liquidation Event.

Share-Based Compensation

2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan

On October 21, 2020, we adopted our 2020 Omnibus ~~Incentive~~ Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) and on October 22, 2020, the 2020 Plan was approved by our stockholders. The 2020 Plan was ~~adopted~~ adopted to promote our long-term success and the creation of stockholder value by motivating participants, through equity incentive awards, to to achieve long-term success in our business. The 2020 Plan permits the discretionary award of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, ~~and~~ and other equity awards to selected participants. On October 21, 2021, the first anniversary date from the adoption date of the 2020 Plan, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan increased to 20% of the fully diluted shares of common stock outstanding, including shares of common stock reserved for issuance under convertible securities. As of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, we have ~~reserved~~ reserved 1,661,966 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2020 Plan, of which 510,513 were subject to outstanding RSUs and 1,137,409 ~~shares~~ shares were available for future grants of share-based awards.

The cost of all share-based awards will be recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the awards. The fair value of stock option awards will be determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model on the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock awards and RSUs will be equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. The Company will generally recognize share-based compensation expense ~~over~~ over the period of vesting or period that services will be provided for all time-based awards. ~~Share~~There was no share-based compensation expense for the three months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024. Share-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, ~~was~~2025 and 2024 was comprised of the following:

Schedule of share-based compensation expense
	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Research and development	$	–	$	4,867
General and administrative		–		–
Total	$	–	$	4,867

The following summarizes our transaction activity related to RSUs for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025:

Schedule of RSU activity
	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested and outstanding at January 1, 2025		510,513	$	3.00
Granted		–		–
Vested		–		–
Forfeited		–		–
Nonvested and outstanding at March 31, 2025		510,513	$	3.00
Nonvested and outstanding at June 30, 2025		510,513	$	3.00

As of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, there was no unrecognized ~~compensation~~ compensation cost related to RSUs. As of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, 14,044 RSUs have vested under the 2020 Plan since its adoption.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (continued)

9.	Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

While the Company is not involved in any litigation as of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company may be involved in various lawsuits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including actions with respect to intellectual property, employment, and contractual matters. Any litigation could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and/or cash flows in the period in which the unfavorable outcome occurs or becomes probable, and potentially in future periods.

Indemnification

We have made certain guarantees and indemnities, under which we may be required to make payments to a guaranteed or indemnified party. We indemnify our directors, officers, employees, and agents to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. The duration of the guarantees and indemnities varies, and in many cases is indefinite. These guarantees and indemnities do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments we could be obligated to make. Historically, we have not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these guarantees and indemnities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Escrow Shares

On August 31, 2009, we gave notice to the former shareholders of Crossflo and Union Bank of California (the “Escrow Agent”) under Section 2.5 of the Agreement and Plan of Merger between us and Crossflo (the “Agreement”), outlining damages incurred by us in conjunction with the acquisition of Crossflo, and seeking the return of 5,690 shares of our common stock held by the Escrow Agent. Subsequently, former shareholders of Crossflo, representing a majority of the escrowed shares responded in protest to our claim, delaying the release of the escrowed shares until a formal resolution is reached. In the event we fail to prevail in our claim against the escrowed shares, we may be obligated to deposit into escrow approximately $256,000 of cash consideration due to the decline in our average stock price over the one-year escrow period calculated in accordance with the agreement. We have evaluated the potential for loss regarding our claim and believe that it is probable that the resolution of this issue will not result in a material obligation to the Company, although there is no assurance of this. Accordingly, we have not recorded any liability for this matter.

Operating Lease

We have no lease obligations as of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 ~~and~~ and there was no rent expense for the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024. Employees are working from home offices at no cost to to the Company.

10.

Related Parties

During April 2021, we entered into consulting agreements (retroactive to September 1, 2020) with Nicole Steinmetz, Ph.D., former acting Chief Scientific Officer and former member of the Board of Directors, Jonathan Pokorski, Ph.D. (Dr. Steinmetz’s spouse), and Steve Fiering, Ph.D., each a co-founder of the company acquired in the reverse merger and greater than 5% shareholder of the Company (“Related Parties”), for their scientific contributions towards advancing the technology platforms. On May 2, 2023, Dr. Steinmetz resigned from the Board of Directors and her role as acting Chief Scientific Officer under her consulting agreement.

~~Mosaic~~During ~~ImmunoEngineering~~the three six months ended June 30, ~~Inc~~2025 and 2024, we did not incur any related party consulting expenses. ~~Notes~~Pursuant to ~~Unaudited~~the ~~Condensed~~consulting ~~Consolidated~~agreements, ~~Financial~~Dr. ~~Statements~~Steinmetz, ~~For~~Dr. Pokorski, and Dr. Fiering are initially paid 15% of their monthly amounts up and until the ~~Three~~Company ~~Months~~is ~~Ended~~able ~~March~~to 31raise at least $4 million in new funding. In exchange for the deferral of consulting payments, ~~2025~~the Company agreed to grant each of the Related Parties RSU’s with a fair market value equal to 20% of their deferred cash compensation as of the closing date of the financing (~~continued~~the “20% Deferral”). The number of RSU’s to be granted will be calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the closing date of the financing and will vest one-year from the date of grant. There was no share-based compensation expense recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 pertaining to the 20% Deferral as the terms are unknown and are based on a future performance trigger. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we have accrued $264,375 in accrued consulting fees provided by the Related Parties, which amounts are included in accrued consulting in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not incur any related party consulting expenses. Pursuant to the consulting agreements, Dr. Steinmetz, Dr. Pokorski, and Dr. Fiering are initially paid 15% of their monthly amounts up and until the Company is able to raise at least $4 million in new funding. In exchange for the deferral of consulting payments, the Company agreed to grant each of the Related Parties RSU’s with a fair market value equal to 20% of their deferred cash compensation as of the closing date of the financing (the “20% Deferral”). The number of RSU’s to be granted will be calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the closing date of the financing and will vest one-year from the date of grant. There was no share-based compensation expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 pertaining to the 20% Deferral as the terms are unknown and are based on a future performance trigger. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we have accrued $264,375 in accrued consulting fees provided by the Related Parties, which amounts are included in accrued consulting in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, on May 7, 2021, we entered into convertible note purchase agreements with five (5) accredited investors, including three (3) members of our Board of Directors that participated on the same terms as other accredited investors, in the aggregate principal amount of $575,000. Of such amount, two current members of our Board and one former member of our Board invested $225,000 in aggregate (see Note 6).

Moreover, on February 18, 2022, we entered into convertible note purchase agreements with sixteen (16) accredited investors, including five (5) members of our Board that participated on the same terms as other accredited investors, in the aggregate principal amount of $341,632. Of such amount, three current members of our Board and two former members of our Board invested $155,000 in aggregate (see Note 6).

On April 26, 2024, we entered into a binding term sheet (“Binding Term Sheet”) with Oncotelic Therapeutics, Inc. (“Oncotelic”), which was unanimously approved by our Board of Directors. Under the terms of the Binding Term Sheet, we plan to achieve certain goals of acquiring new technologies and short-term funding so that we can establish our pipeline, pending the completion of due diligence and other criteria pursuant to the terms of the Binding Term Sheet. Mr. Steven King, our president and CEO is a shareholder and member of the board of directors of Oncotelic with less than 1% ownership of total shares outstanding of Oncotelic, and a paid advisor of Oncotelic (see Note 11).

11.

Oncotelic Therapeutics, Inc. (“Oncotelic”)

In an effort to establish a new product pipeline, on April 26, 2024, we entered into a Binding Term Sheet with Oncotelic pursuant to which we intend to acquire (i) certain rights to Oncotelic’s clinical stage necroptosis cancer therapies associated with its vascular disruptive agents (“VDAs”) and related regulatory and clinical packages, and (ii) non-exclusive access to its proprietary Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) technologies for identifying immunotherapy combinations, in exchange for the issuance of shares of our common stock valued at $15.0 million upon execution of the definitive agreement (representing 47,923,322 shares of our common stock), or a combination of common stock and preferred stock to be determined by the parties, along with additional milestones allowing Oncotelic to earn up to an additional $15.0 million in shares of common stock that would be valued at the time of issuance, if earned. Pursuant to the Binding Term Sheet, we and Oncotelic agreed to negotiate in good faith towards the execution of a definitive agreement and the closing of the transaction by June 30, 2025, as amended, which is subject to customary due diligence and other conditions, including us obtaining shareholder approval for the transaction and receiving waivers from our holders of Convertible Notes representing at least 90% of the principal amount outstanding from any payment that would become due and payable upon a corporate transaction as contemplated under the Binding Term Sheet. The Binding Term Sheet expired on June 30, 2025.

InOn ~~addition~~May 8, ~~under the Binding Term Sheet~~2024, ~~(i)~~ we ~~will~~entered ~~continue~~into ~~the~~a ~~development~~convertible ~~work~~note purchase ~~necessary~~agreement towith ~~achieve~~Oncotelic ~~the~~for ~~mutually~~up ~~agreed~~to ~~upon~~$70,000 ~~milestones~~in ~~upon the requisite~~ funding, ~~(ii)~~with ~~Oncotelic will~~interest ~~provide~~at a ~~loan~~rate ~~to us to cover certain operational costs~~ of ~~the~~16% ~~Company~~per ~~through~~annum. ~~June~~On 1December 12, 2024, ~~(iii)~~we ~~Oncotelic will assist~~ repaid the ~~Company in~~entire ~~potentially~~outstanding ~~raising~~principal ~~initial~~of ~~funding~~$70,000 toalong ~~support~~with ~~the~~accrued ~~technologies~~interest of $~~2 million~~6,214. ~~and~~As ~~(iv)~~of inDecember ~~the~~31, ~~event~~2024, ~~the~~there ~~Company~~are isno ~~unable~~amounts todue ~~raise~~or ~~the~~outstanding ~~requisite~~under ~~funding, then~~ the ~~transaction~~convertible ~~may~~note ~~proceed~~purchase toagreement ~~a reverse acquisition/merger,~~ with ~~conditions typical of such a transaction.~~Oncotelic

On July 1, 2024, we entered into a Master Services Agreement with Oncotelic whereby we perform advisory and related services in connection with studies and projects. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we earned $0 and $14,000, respectively, for advisory and related services which is recorded in other income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (continued)

If we enter into a definitive agreement under the terms of the Binding Term Sheet, our present stockholders will experience immediate substantial dilution and will not have control of our majority voting securities. In addition, if we do not receive shareholder approval for a possible transaction by June 30, 2025, as amended, we may not be able to enter into a definitive agreement with Oncotelic, and we may need to cease our operations altogether. Currently, we and Oncotelic are continuing to pursue a potential transaction under the Binding Term Sheet although there are no guarantees we will enter into any definitive agreement. On December 31, 2024, the expiration date to enter into a possible transaction with Oncotelic was extended to June 30, 2025.

On July 1, 2024, we entered into a Master Services Agreement with Oncotelic whereby we perform advisory and related services in connection with studies and projects. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we earned $14,000 for advisory and related services which is recorded in other income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations.

12.

Subsequent Events

We have evaluated subsequent events after the consolidated balance sheet date and through the filing date of this Quarterly Report, and based on our evaluation, management has determined that no other subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes thereto other than as disclosed in the accompanying notes.

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of our operations should be read together with the financial statements and related notes of Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. included in Part I Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company,” the “combined company,” “Mosaic,” “we,” “our,” or “us” in this Quarterly Report refer to Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, strategy and plans, and our expectations for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.

In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Please see Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of certain risk factors applicable to our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur for the full year or any other future period.

Any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report reflect our views and assumptions only as of the date that this Quarterly Report. Future events or our future financial performance involves known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. In addition, with respect to all of our forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

About Mosaic

We are a development-stage biotechnology company ~~focused~~ focused on advancing and eventually commercializing immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. We have historically advanced early-stage ~~product~~ product candidates and we are pursuing new product candidates and platforms to build a new pipeline based on aour ~~deep~~ understanding of immunotherapies.

As part of our strategy, on April 26, 2024, we ~~entered~~ entered into a binding term sheet (“Binding Term Sheet”) with Oncotelic Therapeutics, Inc.(“Oncotelic”) pursuant to which we intend to acquire (i) certain rights to Oncotelic’s clinical stage necroptosis cancer therapies associated with its ~~vascular~~ vascular disruptive agents (“VDAs”) and related regulatory and clinical packages, and (ii) non-exclusive access to its proprietary Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) technologies for identifying immunotherapy combinations, in exchange for shares of our common stock valued at $15.0 million upon execution of the definitive agreement, or a combination of common stock and preferred stock to be determined by the parties, along with additional milestones allowing Oncotelic to earn up to an additional $15.0 million in shares of common stock that would be valued at the time of issuance, if earned. Pursuant to the Binding Term Sheet, we and Oncotelic agreed to negotiate in good faith towards the execution of a definitive agreement and the closing of the transaction, which is subject to customary due diligence and other conditions, including obtaining shareholder approval for the transaction and receiving waivers from our holders of Convertible Notes representing at least 90% of the principal amount outstanding from any payment that would become due and payable upon a corporate transaction as contemplated under the Binding Term Sheet. The Binding Term Sheet expired on June 30, 2025.

InOn ~~addition~~November 18, ~~under~~2024, ~~the~~we ~~Binding~~entered ~~Term~~into ~~Sheet,~~an unsecured convertible promissory note (i“Note Purchase Agreement”) we ~~will~~with ~~continue~~an ~~the~~accredited ~~development~~investor ~~work~~(“Investor”) ~~necessary~~for proceeds of up to ~~achieve~~$200,000 ~~the~~to ~~mutually~~be ~~agreed~~used ~~upon~~for ~~milestones~~general ~~upon~~corporate purposes. On December 4, 2024, the ~~requisite~~Company ~~funding~~received $200,000 ~~(ii)~~under ~~Oncotelic~~the note purchase ~~will~~agreement ~~provide~~and aissued ~~loan~~an tounsecured usconvertible tonote ~~cover~~bearing ~~certain~~interest ~~operational~~at ~~costs~~a rate of ~~the~~5% ~~Company~~per ~~initially~~annum ~~through~~that ~~June~~is ~~2024,~~due ~~(iii)~~and ~~Oncotelic~~payable ~~will~~upon ~~assist~~closing ~~the~~a financing ~~Company~~of inat ~~potentially~~least ~~raising~~$10.0 ~~initial~~million ~~funding~~or toconvertible ~~support~~into ~~the~~shares ~~technologies~~of common stock of $2the ~~million~~Company, ~~and~~at ~~(iv)~~the insole ~~the~~discretion ~~event~~of the ~~Company~~accredited ~~is unable~~investor. The number of shares of common stock to ~~raise~~be ~~the~~issued, ~~requisite~~if ~~funding~~converted, ~~then~~would be equal to the ~~transaction~~unpaid ~~may~~principal ~~proceed~~amount toand aaccrued ~~reverse~~and ~~acquisition/merger,~~unpaid interest ~~with~~thereon ~~conditions~~divided ~~typical~~by the closing price of ~~such~~our acommon ~~transaction~~stock on the date that is one day prior to such election.

If we enter into a definitive agreement under the terms of the Binding Term Sheet, our present stockholders will experience immediate substantial dilution and will not have control of our majority voting securities. In addition, if we do not receive shareholder approval for a possible transaction by Juen 30, 2025, as amended, we may not be able to enter into a definitive agreement with Oncotelic, and we may need to cease our operations altogether. Currently, we and Oncotelic are continuing to pursue a potential transaction under the Binding Term Sheet although there are no guarantees we will enter into any definitive agreement. On December 31, 2024, the expiration date to enter into a possible transaction with Oncotelic was extended to June 30, 2025.

On November 18, 2024, we entered into an unsecured convertible promissory note (“Note Purchase Agreement”) with an accredited investor (“Investor”) for proceeds of up to $200,000 to be used for general corporate purposes. On December 4, 2024, the Company received $200,000 under the note purchase agreement and issued an unsecured convertible note bearing interest at a rate of 5% per annum that is due and payable upon closing a financing of at least $10.0 million or convertible into shares of common stock of the Company, at the sole discretion of the accredited investor. The number of shares of common stock to be issued, if converted, would be equal to the unpaid principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest thereon divided by the closing price of our common stock on the date that is one day prior to such election. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded interest expense on the note payable of $2,466. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has accrued $3,206 in interest that is included in other accrued expenses within the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial ~~statements~~ statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require us to make estimates and judgments that significantly affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related ~~disclosure~~ disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could affect the ~~results~~ results of operations reported in future periods. During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Results of Operation

Three Months Ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024:

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses of approximately $16,000 for the three months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 are primarily related to salaries and related costs for personnel in research and development functions. The decrease in research and development expenses of approximately $5245,000 for the three months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 as compared to the same prior year period was primarily due to a decrease in payroll and related costs due to a reduced time commitment by certain employees. ~~We believe our research and development expenses will increase significantly over time if we are able to raise sufficient capital to advance our programs.~~

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses of approximately $~~159~~133,000 for the three months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel and consultants in ~~executive~~ executive and administrative functions of approximately $~~109~~112,000, accounting and filing fees of approximately $3711,000, director and officer ~~insurance~~ insurance of approximately $8,000, and other expenses of approximately $52,000. The decrease in general and administrative expenses of ~~approximately~~ approximately $4281,000 for the three months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 as compared to the same prior year period was primarily due to (i) a decrease in payroll and related expenses of approximately $6758,000 due to a reduced time commitment by certain employees, (ii) a decrease in ~~other expenses of approximately $1,000 offset by an increase in~~ accounting and filing fees of approximately $2617,000 due to timing of services provided. Weand ~~believe~~(iii) ~~our~~a ~~general~~decrease ~~and~~in ~~administrative~~other expenses ~~will increase over time as we hire new employees to support key administrative functions and the planned expansion~~ of ~~research~~approximately ~~and development personnel~~$6, ~~provided we are able to raise sufficient capital to advance our programs~~000.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Expense and Accretion to Redemption Value on Convertible Notes

Interest expense of approximately $21,000 and $19,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, represents interest expense on convertible notes and loan payables.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses of approximately $32,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are primarily related to salaries and related costs for personnel in research and development functions. The decrease in research and development expenses of approximately $96,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same prior year period was primarily due to a decrease in payroll and related costs due to a reduced time commitment by certain employees.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses of approximately $292,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel and consultants in executive and administrative functions of approximately $221,000, accounting and filing fees of approximately $48,000, director and officer insurance of approximately $16,000, and other expenses of approximately $7,000. The decrease in general and administrative expenses of approximately $123,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same prior year period was primarily due to (i) a decrease in payroll and related expenses of approximately $125,000 due to a reduced time commitment by certain employees, (ii) a decrease in other expenses of approximately $7,000 offset by an increase in accounting and filing fees of approximately $9,000 due to timing of services provided.

Other Income (Expense)

Master Services Agreement with Oncotelic

On July 1, 2024, we entered into a Master Services Agreement with Oncotelic whereby we perform advisory and related services in connection with studies and projects. For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, we earned $14,000 for advisory and related services which is recorded in other income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Interest Expense and Accretion to Redemption Value on Convertible Notes

Interest expense of approximately $2141,000 and $1838,000 for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024, respectively, represents interest expense on convertible notes and loan payables.

Accretion to redemption value on convertible notes of approximately $1,000 for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2024 pertains to the accretion of the convertible notes to their redemption value using the effective interest method. The Convertible Notes have been accreted to their full redemption value as of March 31, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $8654,000. Our ability to continue our operations is highly dependent on our ability to raise capital to fund future operations. We anticipate, based on currently proposed plans and assumptions, that our cash on hand will not satisfy our operational and capital requirements through twelve months from the filing date of this Annual Report.

Our primary uses of capital to date are primarily related to payroll, consulting and related costs, corporate formation and ongoing public company expenses, audit fees, fees associated with license agreements, including patent-related expenses, and costs of the reverse merger. Pending our ability to identify new product candidates and license or acquire those rights, then on a go forward basis, we will need significant additional capital to support our research and development efforts, compensation and related expenses, and hiring additional staff (including clinical, scientific, operational, financial, and management personnel) and to reduce our current liabilities. Pending our ability to identify new product candidates and license or acquire those rights, we would expect to incur substantial expenditures in the foreseeable future for the research and development of new potential product candidates, provided we are able to raise sufficient capital to advance these technologies and technologies under the Binding Term Sheet, as noted below.

On April 26, 2024, we entered into a binding term sheet (“Binding Term Sheet”) with Oncotelic Therapeutics, Inc. (“Oncotelic”) pursuant to which we intend to acquire (i) certain rights to Oncotelic’s clinical stage necroptosis cancer therapies associated with its vascular disruptive agents (“VDAs”) and related regulatory and clinical packages, and (ii) non-exclusive access to its proprietary Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) technologies for identifying immunotherapy combinations, in exchange for the issuance of shares of our common stock valued at $15.0 million upon execution of the definitive agreement (representing 47,923,322 shares of our common stock), or a combination of common stock and preferred stock to be determined by the parties, along with additional milestones allowing Oncotelic to earn up to an additional $15.0 million in shares of common stock that would be valued at the time of issuance, if earned. Pursuant to the Binding Term Sheet, we and Oncotelic agreed to negotiate in good faith towards the execution of a definitive agreement and the closing of the transaction within ninety (90) days, which is subject to customary due diligence and other conditions, including us obtaining shareholder approval for the transaction and receiving waivers from our holders of Convertible Notes representing at least 90% of the principal amount outstanding from any payment that would become due and payable upon a corporate transaction as contemplated under the Binding Term Sheet.

In addition, under the Binding Term Sheet, (i) we will continue the development work necessary to achieve the mutually agreed upon milestones upon the requisite funding, (ii) Oncotelic will provide a loan to us to cover certain operational costs of the Company initially through June 2024, (iii) Oncotelic will assist the Company in potentially raising initial funding to support the technologies of $2 million, and (iv) in the event the Company is unable to raise the requisite funding, then the transaction may proceed to a reverse acquisition/merger, with conditions typical of such a transaction.

IfOn July 1, 2024, we ~~enter~~entered into a ~~definitive~~Master ~~agreement under~~Services ~~the~~Agreement ~~terms~~with ofOncotelic ~~the~~whereby ~~Binding~~we ~~Term~~perform ~~Sheet,~~advisory ~~our~~and ~~present~~related ~~stockholders~~services ~~will~~in ~~experience~~connection ~~immediate~~with ~~substantial~~studies ~~dilution~~ and ~~will not have control of our majority voting securities~~projects. InDuring ~~addition,~~the ifsix wemonths ended doJune ~~not receive shareholder approval for a possible transaction by Juen~~ 30, 2025, as ~~amended,~~ we ~~may~~earned ~~not be able to enter into a definitive agreement with Oncotelic~~$14,000 ~~and~~for weadvisory ~~may need to cease our operations altogether. Currently, we~~ and ~~Oncotelic~~related ~~are~~services ~~continuing~~which tois ~~pursue~~recorded ain ~~potential~~other ~~transaction~~income ~~under~~in the ~~Binding~~accompanying ~~Term Sheet although there are no guarantees~~unaudited wecondensed ~~will~~consolidated ~~enter~~statements ~~into~~of ~~any definitive agreement~~operations. ~~On December 31, 2024, the expiration date to enter into a possible transaction with Oncotelic was extended to June 30, 2025.~~

On July 1, 2024, we entered into a Master Services Agreement with Oncotelic whereby we perform advisory and related services in connection with studies and projects. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we earned $14,000 for advisory and related services which is recorded in other income in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

We plan to continue to fund losses from operations and future funding needs through our cash on hand and future potential equity and/or debt offerings. There are a number of uncertainties associated with our ability to raise additional capital and we have no current arrangements with respect to any additional financing. If we raise funds from the issuance of equity securities (which will be challenging in light of current market conditions combined with our limited technologies), substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing (also challenging in light of current market conditions combined with our limited technologies), the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Since the closing date of the Reverse Merger, our limited cash position has required us to perform only limited development activities and to delay and scale back our development programs and other activities to remain afloat. If we continue to have insufficient funds, we may be required to cease our operations altogether.

In addition, the continuation of disruptions caused by COVID-19 or other related variants, broad-based inflation, and various economic indicators that the United States economy may be entering a recession in upcoming quarters may cause investors to slow down or delay their decision to deploy capital which will adversely impact our ability to fund future operations. Consequently, there can be no assurance that any additional financing on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, will be available when needed. If we are unable to raise additional capital and continue to have insufficient funds, we may be required to cease our operations altogether. The above matters raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

Cash Flow Summary

The following table provides a summary of our net cash flow activity ~~for~~ for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025			Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2025			Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(2961,~~089~~436	)	$	(91207,~~139~~444	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(29,089	)	$	(91,139	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		–			55,000
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(61,436	)	$	(152,444	)

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the ~~three~~ six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 consisted of our net loss of $~~181~~353,~~320~~348, which amount was offset by (i) non-cash interest expense of $1836,~~083~~365 and (ii) a net change in operating assets and liabilities of $~~134~~255,~~149~~247, primarily due to an increase in accrued compensation of $~~121~~244,~~297~~346.

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of our net loss of $582,209, which amount was offset by (i) non-cash share-based compensation expense of $4,867, (ii) non-cash interest expense of $37,698, (iii) the accretion to redemption value on convertible notes of $1,446, and (iv) a net change in operating assets and liabilities of $330,758 primarily due to an increase in accrued compensation of $327,566.

~~Net~~Cash ~~cash~~Flows ~~used~~From inFinancing operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted of our net loss of $288,492, which amount was offset by (i) non-cash share-based compensation expense of $4,867, (ii) non-cash interest expense of $18,283, (iii) the accretion to redemption value on convertible notes of $1,446, and (iv) a net change in operating assets and liabilities of $172,757 primarily due to an increase in accounts payable and accrued compensation of $173,008, in aggregate.Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of proceeds received from loan payable from Oncotelic totaling $55,000.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

There have been no new accounting pronouncements ~~adopted~~ adopted by the Company or new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board during the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in Note 2 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, that the Company believes are of significance or potential significance to the Company.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to provide the information called for by this item.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, as of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the end of the period to which this quarterly report relates, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and ~~our EVP,~~ Chief Financial Officer.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls ~~and~~ and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the ~~Exchange~~ Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the EVP, Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and ~~our EVP,~~ Chief Financial Officer, concluded that, as of such date, ~~our~~ our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

Information pertaining to legal proceedings is provided in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to those risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025 under the heading “Risk Factors”.

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.

Other Information

~~During~~Mr. Lytle resigned as EVP, Chief Financial Officer and from the ~~quarter~~Board ~~ended~~of ~~March~~Directors 31of the Company on August 15, 2025,. noMr. ~~director or~~Lytle’s ~~officer~~resignation ~~adopted~~was ornot ~~terminated~~the result of any ~~Rule~~disagreement with ~~10b5-1~~either ~~trading~~the ~~arrangement~~Board of Directors or ~~non-Rule~~management ~~10b5-1~~of ~~trading~~the ~~arrangement~~Company. Mr. Steven King, asPresident ~~each~~and ~~term~~CEO, isassumed ~~defined~~the inrole of Principal Financial ~~Item~~Officer ~~408(a)~~and ofPrincipal ~~Regulation~~Accounting ~~S-K~~Officer.

Dr. Garnick resigned from the Board of Directors of the Company and any committees of the Board of Directors effective August 15, 2025. The resignation was not the result of any disagreement with either the Board of Directors or management of the Company.

Dr. Baffi resigned from the Board of Directors of the Company and any committees of the Board of Directors effective August 18, 2025. The resignation was not the result of any disagreement with either the Board of Directors or management of the Company.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, no director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6.

Exhibits

The exhibits filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are set forth below.

Exhibit No.		Description
31.1*		Certification of Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1*		Certification of Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*		XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL*		XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		XBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document

*	Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: ~~May~~August 2019, 2025 MOSAIC IMMUNOENGINEERING, INC. /s/ Steven King Steven King. President, ~~and~~ Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Dated: May 20, 2025 MOSAIC IMMUNOENGINEERING, INC. /s/ Paul Lytle Paul Lytle. EVP, Chief Financial Officer, Director (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Filing Compare · Mosaic ImmunoEngineering Inc.