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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: June 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from: _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-32288

NEPHROS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

delaware		13-3971809
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

380 Lackawanna Place South Orange, NJ		07079
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(201) 343-5202

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading symbol		Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share		NEPH		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ YES ☒ NO

As of August 7, 2025, 10,600,604 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited).	3

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS – June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024	3

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS – Three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	4

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – Three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	5

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – Six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	6

NOTES TO CONDENSED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	7

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	17

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	25

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.	25

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	26

Item 1A. Risk Factors	26

Item 5. Other Information	26

Item 6. Exhibits	26

SIGNATURES	27

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

NEPHROS, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,074		$	3,760
Accounts receivable, net		2,040			1,781
Inventory		2,237			2,615
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		227			142
Total current assets		9,578			8,298
Property and equipment, net		131			161
Lease right-of-use assets		1,202			1,377
Intangible assets, net		334			349
Goodwill		759			759
License and supply agreement, net		189			216
Other assets		50			50
TOTAL ASSETS	$	12,243		$	11,210

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	632		$	649
Accrued expenses		771			565
Current portion of lease liabilities		369			348
Total current liabilities		1,772			1,562
Lease liabilities, net of current portion		872			1,063
TOTAL LIABILITIES		2,644			2,625

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8)		-			-

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.		-			-
Common stock, $.001 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 10,600,604 and 10,544,691 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.		11			11
Additional paid-in capital		153,125			152,906
Accumulated deficit		(143,537	)		(144,332	)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		9,599			8,585
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	12,243		$	11,210

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	2025			2024			2025			2024
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net revenue:
Product revenues	$	4,311		$	3,208		$	9,017		$	6,714
Service, royalty, and other revenues		108			44			279			60
Total net revenues		4,419			3,252			9,296			6,774
Cost of goods sold		1,624			1,340			3,347			2,675
Gross margin		2,795			1,912			5,949			4,099
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		2,201			1,941			4,455			4,083
Research and development		311			254			606			466
Depreciation and amortization		35			34			74			67
Total operating expenses		2,547			2,229			5,135			4,616
Operating income (loss)		248			(317	)		814			(517	)
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense		(1	)		-			(1	)		(1	)
Interest income		31			21			44			46
Other (expense) income, net		(32	)		7			(53	)		14
Total other income (expense):		(2	)		28			(10	)		59
Income (loss) before income taxes		246			(289	)		804			(458	)
Income tax expense		(9	)		-			(9	)		-
Net income (loss)		237			(289	)		795			(458	)

Net income (loss) per common share, basic	$	0.02		$	(0.03	)	$	0.07		$	(0.04	)
Net income (loss) per common share, diluted		0.02		$	(0.03	)	$	0.07		$	(0.04	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic		10,600,409			10,509,937			10,600,379			10,505,833
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted		10,813,028			10,509,937			10,691,881			10,505,833

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Equity
	Three and six months ended June 30, 2025
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in		Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2024		10,544,691	$	11	$	152,906	$	(144,332	)	$	8,585
Net Income		-		-		-		558			558
Issuance of vested restricted stock		55,659		-		82		-			82
Stock-based compensation		-		-		66		-			66
Balance, March 31, 2025		10,600,350	$	11	$	153,054	$	(143,774	)	$	9,291

Net Income		-	$	-	$	-	$	237		$	237
Cashless stock option exercises		254		-		-		-			-
Stock-based compensation		-		-		71		-			71
Balance, June 30, 2025		10,600,604	$	11	$	153,125	$	(143,537	)	$	9,599

	Three and six months ended June 30, 2024
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2023		10,501,508	$	10	$	152,754		$	(144,406	)	$	8,358
Net loss		-		-		-			(169	)		(169	)
Stock option exercises		464		-		-			-			-
Stock option exercises		464		-		-			-			-
Stock-based compensation		-		-		(9	)		-			(9	)
Balance, March 31, 2024		10,501,972	$	10	$	152,745		$	(144,575	)	$	8,180
Balance		10,501,972	$	10	$	152,745		$	(144,575	)	$	8,180

Net loss		-	$	-	$	-		$	(289	)	$	(289	)
Net Income (loss)		-	$	-	$	-		$	(289	)	$	(289	)
Stock-based compensation		-		-		35			-			35
Restricted stock vesting		42,167		1		(1	)		-			-
Balance, June 30, 2024		10,544,139	$	11	$	152,779		$	(144,864	)	$	7,926
Balance		10,544,139	$	11	$	152,779		$	(144,864	)	$	7,926

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	2025			2024
	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	795		$	(458	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment		30			22
Amortization of intangible assets, license and supply agreement and Finance lease right-of-use asset		43			47
Stock-based compensation		147			26
Inventory impairments and write offs		41			180
Loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions		7			(5	)
Gain on disposal of equipment		-			(5	)
Decrease (increase) in operating assets:
Accounts receivable		(259	)		(382	)
Inventory		337			(513	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(85	)		(33	)
Right-of-use assets		175			252
Other assets		-			17
(Decrease) increase in operating liabilities:
Accounts payable		(24	)		289
Accrued expenses		277			(358	)
Lease liabilities		(168	)		(252	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		1,316			(1,173	)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sale of equipment		-			5
Purchase of property and equipment		-			(55	)
Net cash used in investing activities		-			(50	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Principal payments on finance lease liability		(2	)		(4	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(2	)		(4	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		1,314			(1,227	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		3,760			4,307
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	5,074		$	3,080
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	1		$	1
Cash paid for income taxes		6			-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim financial statements

NEPHROS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Nature of Operations

Nephros, Inc. (“Nephros” or the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on April 3, 1997. The Company was founded by health professionals, scientists and engineers affiliated with Columbia University to develop advanced end stage renal disease (“ESRD”) therapy technology and products.

Beginning in 2009, Nephros introduced high performance liquid purification filters to meet the demand for water purification in certain medical markets. The Company’s filters, generally classified as ultrafilters, are primarily used in hospitals for the prevention of infection from waterborne pathogens, such as legionella and pseudomonas, and in dialysis centers for the removal of biological contaminants from water and bicarbonate concentrate. The Company also develops and sells water filtration products for commercial applications, focusing on the hospitality and food service markets.

The Company’s primary U.S. facility is located at 380 Lackawanna Place, South Orange, New Jersey 07079. This location, along with our Whippany, NJ facility, houses the Company’s corporate headquarters, research, manufacturing, and distribution facilities.

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Liquidity

Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited condensed interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Results as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

The condensed interim financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in only one business segment from which the Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the financial performance of the Company.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses, during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Included in these estimates are assumptions about the collection of accounts receivable, value of inventories, useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets, the assessment of expected cash flows used in evaluating goodwill and other long-lived assets, the assessment of the ability to continue as a going concern and assumptions used in determining stock compensation such as expected volatility and risk-free interest rate.

Liquidity

The Company generated net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and the full year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, the Company generated cash from operations in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. Conversely, net cash from operations was negative for the year ended December 31, 2024 due to an increase in inventory and accounts receivable and a decrease in accounts payable. The Company has an accumulated deficit of $143.5 million as of June 30, 2025. The Company continues to focus on growth in sales and managing tight expenses in order to maintain profitability and positive cash flow from operations. The Company believes that its current cash balances are sufficient to fund its current operating plan through at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of the accompanying condensed financial statements. However, in the event that the Company’s operating results do not meet its expectations, the Company may need to further reduce discretionary expenditures such as headcount, R&D projects, and other variable costs.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Effective

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The guidance is effective for the Company’s annual reporting period ending December 31, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “ASC 220- Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures,” which requires entities, in the notes to financial statements, to disclose specified information about certain costs and expenses. The guidance is effective for the Company’s annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statements.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company deposits its cash in financial institutions. At times, such deposits may be in excess of insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any impairment losses on its cash. The Company also limits its credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by performing credit evaluations when deemed necessary.

Major Customers

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, the following customers accounted for the following percentages of the Company’s revenues, respectively:

Customer	2025			2024
A		25	%		22	%
B		14	%		8	%
Total		39	%		30	%

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, the following customers accounted for the following percentages of the Company’s revenues, respectively:

Customer	2025			2024
A		22	%		27	%
B		12	%		7	%
Total		34	%		34	%

As of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the following customers accounted for the following percentages of the Company’s accounts receivable, respectively:

Customer	2025			2024
B		18	%		4	%
A		16	%		13	%
Total		34	%		17	%
Concentration risk percentage		34	%		17	%

Accounts Receivable

The Company recognizes an allowance that reflects a current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of a financial asset, including trade receivables. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses. The allowance for credit losses reflects the best estimate of expected credit losses of the accounts receivable portfolio determined by considering current information, forecasts of future economic conditions, industry knowledge and to some extent the Company’s historical experience. The Company determines its allowance by pooling receivable balances at the customer level and considering various factors, including individual credit risk associated with each customer, the current and future condition of the general economy and industry knowledge. These credit risk factors are monitored on a quarterly basis and updated as necessary. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are determined to be uncollectible. There was no allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2025. The allowance for credit losses was approximately $11,000 as of December 31, 2024.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, the Company does not amortize goodwill but tests it for impairment annually on October 1^st of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. The Company operates as one reporting segment. When testing goodwill for impairment, the Company may first perform an optional qualitative assessment. The qualitative factors evaluated by the Company include macro-economic conditions of the business environment, overall financial performance, and other entity-specific factors as deemed appropriate. If under such qualitative analysis the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the reporting segment’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, then no further analysis is necessary. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative impairment test will be performed. Under the quantitative impairment test, if the carrying amount of the Company’s reporting segment exceeds its fair value, the Company will recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess but limited to the total amount of goodwill. No goodwill impairment was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Note 3 – Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue related to product sales at a point-in-time when product is shipped via external logistics providers and the other criteria of ASC 606 are met. Product revenue is recorded net of variable consideration which includes prompt pay discounts, other discounts, and returns and allowances. There was no allowance for sales returns as of June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The Company recognizes revenue related to royalty, service, and other agreements in accordance with the five-step model in ASC 606. Sales-based royalties, for which the license is the predominant item to which the royalties relate, are recognized (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Service revenue is recognized at a point in time. The Company is not entitled to payment until the point at which the service is completed. Certain contracts include additional product and related services in cases of emergencies. These performance obligations are separately invoiced at the time of the emergency and are not included in the initial customer contract price.

Revenue from contracts with customers may include multiple deliverables which include a combination of the product and service performance obligations discussed above. The Company has determined that these performance obligations are distinct and therefore, should be accounted for as separate revenue transactions for recognition purposes. For these contracts, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price basis by maximizing the use of observable inputs to determine the standalone selling price for each performance obligation. If the standalone selling price is unknown, management uses an expected cost-plus margin approach to determine the standalone selling price in order to allocate the transaction price.

The Company combines contracts with the same customer into a single contract for accounting purposes when the contracts are entered into at or near the same time and the contracts are negotiated as a single commercial package, consideration in one contract depends on the other contract, or the services are considered a single performance obligation.

Service, royalty, and other revenues recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, were approximately $108,000 and $279,000, respectively. Royalty and service revenues recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, were approximately $44,000 and $60,000, respectively.

Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures certain financial instruments and other items at fair value.

To determine the fair value, the Company uses the fair value hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use to value an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs based on assumptions about the factors market participants would use to value an asset or liability.

To measure fair value, the Company uses the following fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques and also includes instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level of classification for each reporting period.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s cash equivalents consisted of money market funds. The Company values its cash equivalents using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for securities with identical characteristics and classify the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value measurements of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis were as follows:

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

June 30, 2025
Money market funds	$	3,410	$	-	$	-
Cash equivalents	$	3,410	$	-	$	-

December 31, 2024
Money market funds	$	1,866	$	-	$	-
Cash equivalents	$	1,866	$	-	$	-

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The carrying amounts of the lease liabilities and equipment financing approximate fair value as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 because those financial instruments bear interest at rates that approximate current market rates for similar agreements with similar maturities and credit.

Note 5 – Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method and consists of raw materials and finished goods. The Company’s inventory components as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were as follows:

Schedule of Inventory, Net

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
Finished goods	$	1,979	$	2,261
Raw materials		258		354
Total inventory	$	2,237	$	2,615

Note 6 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are set forth in the table below. Gross carrying values and accumulated amortization of the Company’s intangible assets by type are as follows:

Schedule of Intangible Assets

	June 30, 2025							December 31, 2024
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships	$	540		(206	)	$	334	$	540		(191	)		349
Total intangible assets	$	540	$	(206	)	$	334	$	540	$	(191	)	$	349

The Company recognized amortization expense of approximately $8,000 for each of the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024. All were recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed statement of operations.

As of June 30, 2025, future amortization expense for each of the next five years is (in thousands):

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense

Fiscal Years
2025 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2025)			16
2026			32
2027			32
2028			32
2029			32
2030			32

Goodwill

Goodwill had a carrying value on the Company’s condensed balance sheets of approximately $0.8 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Note 7 – License and Supply Agreement, net

On April 23, 2012, the Company entered into a License and Supply Agreement (as thereafter amended, the “License and Supply Agreement”) with Medica S.p.A. (“Medica”), an Italy-based medical product manufacturing company, for the marketing and sale of certain filtration products based upon Medica’s proprietary Medisulfone ultrafiltration technology in conjunction with the Company’s filtration products, and for an exclusive supply arrangement for the filtration products. Medica is currently the Company’s sole supplier of the filter material used in certain of the Company’s products. Under the License and Supply Agreement, Medica granted to the Company an exclusive license, with right of sublicense, to market, promote, distribute, offer for sale and sell the filtration products worldwide, with certain limitations on territory, during the term of the License and Supply Agreement. In addition, the Company granted Medica an exclusive license under the Company’s intellectual property to make the filtration products during the term of the License and Supply Agreement. The filtration products covered under the License and Supply Agreement include both certain products based on Medica’s proprietary Versatile microfiber technology and certain filtration products based on Medica’s proprietary Medisulfone ultrafiltration technology. In December 2023, the Company signed a new agreement with Medica which extends the term until December 31, 2028, unless earlier terminated by either party in accordance with the terms of the License and Supply Agreement.

In exchange for the rights granted under the License and Supply Agreement, the Company agreed to make minimum annual aggregate purchases from Medica of €4,208,000, €4,629,000, €4,976,000, €5,349,000 and €5,750,000 for the years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively. The Company satisfied its minimum purchase requirement for 2024, but if the Company is unable to satisfy its remaining minimum purchase commitment for 2025 and beyond, it will be in breach of the License and Supply Agreement, giving Medica a right of termination.

In exchange for the license, the gross value of the intangible asset capitalized was $2.3 million. License and Supply Agreement, net, on the condensed balance sheet is $0.2 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accumulated amortization is $2.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The intangible asset is being amortized as an expense over the life of the License and Supply Agreement. Amortization expense of approximately $14,000 was recognized in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, on the condensed statement of operations.

As of December 11, 2023, the Company has agreed to pay interest per month at the EURIBOR 360-day rate plus 500 basis points calculated on the principal amount of any outstanding invoices that are overdue by more than 15 days beyond the original payment terms. There was no interest recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024.

Note 8 – Leases

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices and office equipment. The leases have remaining lease terms of approximately 2.4 years to 3.4 years.

Lease cost, as presented below, includes costs associated with leases for which right-of-use (“ROU”) assets have been recognized as well as short-term leases.

The components of total lease costs were as follows:

Schedule of Components of Lease Cost

	Three months ended June 30, 2025		Three months ended June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	87	$	127
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets		1		2
Interest on lease liabilities		1		1
Total finance lease cost		2		3
Variable lease cost		25		14
Total lease cost	$	114	$	144

	Six months ended June 30, 2025		Six months ended June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	173	$	252
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets		2		4
Interest on lease liabilities		1		2
Total finance lease cost		3		6
Variable lease cost		57		25
Total lease cost	$	233	$	283

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

	Six months ended June 30, 2025		Six months ended June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	217	$	316
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	2	$	4

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	1,183		$	1,355
Finance lease right-of-use assets	$	19		$	22

Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	364		$	343
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		858			1,046
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,222		$	1,389

Current portion of finance lease liabilities	$	5		$	5
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion		14			17
Total finance lease liabilities	$	19		$	22

Weighted average remaining lease term
Operating leases		3.1 years			3.6 years
Finance leases		3.4 years			3.8 years

Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases		8.0	%		8.0	%
Finance leases		8.0	%		8.0	%

As of June 30, 2025, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
	(in thousands)
2025 (remaining six months)	$	219		$	3
2026		450			7
2027		450			7
2028		251			5
Total future minimum lease payments		1,370			22
Less imputed interest		(148	)		(3	)
Total	$	1,222		$	19

Note 9 – Stock Plans and Share-Based Payments

The fair value of stock options and restricted stock is recognized as stock-based compensation expense in the Company’s condensed statement of operations. The Company calculates stock-based compensation expense in accordance with ASC 718. The fair value of stock-based awards is amortized over the vesting period of the award.

Stock Options

The Company granted stock options to purchase 500 shares of common stock to employees during the three months ended June 30, 2025. These stock options are being expensed over the respective vesting period, which is based on a service condition. The Company granted stock options to purchase 204,575 shares of common stock to employees and board members during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Of the 205,075 stock options granted in the six months ended June 30, 2025, 146,114 are stock options with service based vesting conditions and, as such, are being expensed over the respective service period. The remaining 58,961 stock options contain a performance condition that is not probable and therefore have no expense recognized as of June 30, 2025.

The fair value of the stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2025, was approximately $0.2 million.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The below assumptions for the risk-free interest rates, expected dividend yield, expected lives and expected stock price volatility were utilized for the stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions

Assumptions for Option Grants
Stock Price Volatility	63.18	%
Risk-Free Interest Rate	4.25	%
Expected Life (in years)	6.05
Expected Dividend Yield	0.00	%

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was approximately $71,000 and $28,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, approximately $68,000 and $3,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, respectively, on the accompanying condensed statement of operations. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, approximately $27,000 and $2,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, respectively, on the accompanying condensed statement of operations. Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of $62,000 expense for shares vested during the quarter, partially offset by a credit of $33,000 due to the reversal of expense related to an immaterial error associated with the forfeiture of unvested options for employee terminations that occurred in prior fiscal periods.

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $137,000 and $11,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, approximately $132,000 and $5,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, respectively, on the accompanying condensed statement of operations. Stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of $120,000 expense for shares vested during the quarter, partially offset by a credit of $109,000 due to the reversal of expense related to an immaterial error associated with the forfeiture of unvested options for employee terminations that occurred in prior fiscal periods.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized a tax benefit of $81,819 related to stock-based compensation expense. No tax benefit was recognized for the same periods in 2024, as the Company was in a net operating loss position. There was approximately $481,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted under the equity compensation plans, which will be amortized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 2.3 years.

Restricted Stock

Total stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock on the Company’s condensed statement of operations was zero and approximately $7,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed statement of operations.

Total stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock was approximately $10,000 and $15,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, 55,659 shares of restricted stock were issued to board members related to services rendered during the year ended December 31, 2024. As a result of the issuance of the 55,569 shares of restricted stock, approximately $72,000 of expense previously in accrued expenses was reclassified to additional paid-in capital during the six months ended June 30, 2025. All restricted shares issued during the six months ended June 30, 2025, vested at issuance. No shares of restricted stock were issued.

As of June 30, 2025, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted under the equity compensation plans.

Note 10 – Segment Information

The Company operates in one operating segment, and therefore one reportable segment, focused on the development and sale of high-performance water solutions to the medical and commercial markets. The Company manages business activities on a basis primarily through the development and commercialization of water filtration products, which are sold to U.S. and international customers.

The accounting policies for the Company’s single operating segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The CODM manages the Company’s business activities as a single operating and reportable segment. Accordingly, our CODM uses net income (loss) to measure segment profit or loss, allocate resources, and assess performance. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total assets.

The following is a summary of the significant revenue and expense categories, and net income (loss) provided to the CODM (in thousands):

Schedule of Net Income for Segment

	2025			2024			2025			2024
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net revenue:
Product revenues	$	4,311		$	3,208		$	9,017		$	6,714
Service, royalty, and other revenues		108			44			279			60
Total net revenues		4,419			3,252			9,296			6,774
Cost of goods sold		1,624			1,340			3,347			2,675
Gross Margin		2,795			1,912			5,949			4,099
Operating expenses:
Research and development		311			254			606			466
Selling, general and administrative		2,201			1,941			4,455			4,083
Other operating expenses (1)		35			34			74			67
Total operating expenses		2,547			2,229			5,135			4,616
Operating income (loss)		248			(317	)		814			(517	)
Other (expense) income		(2	)		28			(10	)		59
Income (loss) before income taxes		246			(289	)		804			(458	)
Income tax expense		(9	)		-			(9	)		-
Net income (loss )	$	237		$	(289	)	$	795		$	(458	)

(1)	Other operating expenses is comprised of depreciation and amortization.

Note 11 – Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

Basic income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the number of weighted average common shares issued and outstanding. Diluted income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding for the period, plus amounts representing the dilutive effect from the exercise of stock options and warrants and unvested restricted stock, as applicable. The Company calculates dilutive potential common shares using the treasury stock method, which assumes the Company will use the proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants to repurchase shares of common stock to hold in its treasury stock reserves.

A reconciliation of the Company’s basic and diluted income (loss) per common share is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2025		2024			2025		2024
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	237	$	(289	)	$	795	$	(458	)

Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		10,600,409		10,509,937			10,600,379		10,505,833
Effect of potentially dilutive options		212,619		-			91,502		-
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		10,813,028		10,509,937			10,691,881		10,505,833

Income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.02	$	(0.03	)		0.07		(0.04	)
Diluted	$	0.02	$	(0.03	)		0.07		(0.04	)

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as they would be antidilutive:

	As of June 30,
	2025		2024
Shares underlying options outstanding		1,333,896		1,249,354
Unvested restricted stock		-		-

Note 12 – Subsequent Events

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company is currently assessing the legislation’s impact on its consolidated financial statements, which are expected to be immaterial.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion includes forward-looking statements about our business, financial condition and results of operations including discussions about management’s expectations for our business. These statements represent projections, beliefs and expectations based on current circumstances and conditions and in light of recent events and trends, and these statements should not be construed either as assurances of performances or as promises of a given course of action. Instead, various known and unknown factors are likely to cause our actual performance and management’s actions to vary, and the results of these variances may be both material and adverse.

Business Overview

Nephros is a commercial-stage company that develops and markets high-performance water filtration solutions, with a core focus on medical-grade water filtration. Our portfolio includes two primary product lines: infection control and dialysis water. The infection control segment features both microfilters (0.1 micron) and ultrafilters (0.005 micron), used to help prevent infections from waterborne pathogens such as Legionella and Pseudomonas. The dialysis segment consists exclusively of ultrafilters designed to remove biological contaminants, particularly endotoxins, from water and bicarbonate concentrate used in dialysis treatment. All of our medical-grade filters are FDA 510(k)-cleared as Class II medical devices—a distinguishing feature that affirms their validated safety and performance in critical-use environments. While these filters are widely used in healthcare settings, they have also been adopted across a range of other industries—including manufacturing, laboratories, aviation, and federal facilities—where water quality is essential to operational safety and compliance.

In addition, we offer a line of commercial water filters that improve taste and odor, reduce biofilm formation and scale buildup, and remove cysts, particulates, and soluble lead from water systems. These products are broadly applicable across industries and are especially valuable when used in tandem with our medical-grade filters to deliver comprehensive water-quality protection. Whether in clinical care, industrial operations, or public infrastructure, Nephros solutions support the universal need for safe, high-quality water.

Our Products

Water Filtration Products

We develop and sell water filtration products used in both medical and commercial applications. Our water filtration products employ multiple filtration technologies, as described below.

In medical markets, our primary filtration mechanism is to pass liquids through the pores of polysulfone hollow fiber. Our filters’ pores are significantly smaller than those of competing products, resulting in highly effective elimination of waterborne pathogens, including legionella bacteria (the cause of Legionnaires disease) and viruses, which are not eliminated by most other microbiological filters on the market. Additionally, the fiber structure and pore density in our hollow fiber enables significantly higher flow rates than in other polysulfone hollow fiber.

Our primary sales strategy in medical markets is to sell through distributors (also termed as value-added resellers, or “VARs”). Leveraging VARs has enabled us to rapidly expand our access to target customers with limited sales staff expansion. In addition, while we are currently focused on medical markets, the VARs that support these customers also support a wide variety of commercial and industrial customers. We believe that our VAR relationships have and will continue to facilitate growth in filter sales outside of the medical industry. In addition to VARs, we also utilize a direct salesforce that targets key geographic regions throughout the country, as well as focuses on the hospital and dialysis markets.

In commercial markets, we develop and sell our filters, for which carbon-based absorption is the primary filtration mechanism. These products allow us to improve water’s odor and taste, to reduce scale and heavy metals, and to reduce other water contaminants for customers who are primarily in the food service, convenience store, and hospitality industries. These commercial products are also sold into medical markets, as supplemental filtration to our medical filters.

In commercial markets, our model combines both direct and indirect sales. Through our employee sales staff, we have sold products directly to a number of convenience stores, hotels, casinos, and restaurants. We have also engaged a non-exclusive distributor to resell certain of our water filters and related products to end customers in the commercial food and beverage markets.

Target Markets

Our ultrafiltration products currently target the following markets:

	●	Hospitals and Other Healthcare Facilities: Filtration of water for washing and drinking as an aid in infection control. The filters produce water that is suitable for wound cleansing, cleaning of equipment used in medical procedures, and washing of surgeons’ hands.
	●	Dialysis Centers and Home/Portable Dialysis Machines: Filtration of water or bicarbonate concentrate used in hemodialysis.
	●	Commercial Facilities: Filtration and purification of water for consumption, including for use in ice machines and soft drink dispensers.

Hospitals and Other Healthcare Facilities. Nephros filters are a leading tool used to provide proactive protection to patients in high-risk areas (e.g., ice machines, surgical rooms, NICUs) and reactive protection to patients in broader areas during periods of water pathogen outbreaks. Our products are used in hundreds of medical facilities to aid in infection control, both proactively and reactively.

As of 2023, according to the American Hospital Association, there are approximately 6,129 hospitals in the U.S., with approximately 920,000 beds. Over 34 million patients were admitted to these hospitals. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) estimates that healthcare associated infections (“HAI”) occur in approximately 1 out of every 31 hospital patients, which calculates to over one million patients in 2023. HAIs affect patients in hospitals or other healthcare facilities and are not present or incubating at the time of admission. They also include infections acquired by patients in the hospital or facility, but appearing after discharge, and occupational infections among staff. Many HAIs are caused by waterborne bacteria and viruses that can thrive in aging or complex plumbing systems often found in healthcare facilities.

In January 2022, the Center for Clinical Standards and Quality at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) expanded its requirements – originally implemented in 2017 – for facilities to develop policies and procedures that inhibit the growth and spread of legionella and other opportunistic pathogens in building water systems. In this 2022 update, CMS requires teams to be assigned to the development of formal water management plans (“WMPs”), as well as detailed documentation regarding the development of the WMPs and their execution. CMS surveyors regularly review policies, procedures, and reports documenting water management implementation results to verify that facilities are compliant with these requirements. These policies must be in accordance with The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 188-2015 and the CDC toolkit. Facilities must regularly monitor water systems and take corrective actions when needed to ensure safe water for patients, residents and visitors. We believe that these CMS regulations may have a positive impact on the sale of our HAI-inhibiting ultrafilters.

We currently have FDA 510(k) clearance on the following portfolio of medical device products for use in the hospital setting to aid in infection control:

●	The DSU-H and SSU-H are in-line, 0.005-micron ultrafilters that provide dual- and single-stage protection, respectively, from waterborne pathogens. They are primarily used to filter potable water feeding ice machines, sinks, and medical equipment, such as endoscope washers and surgical room humidifiers. The DSU-H has an up to 6-month product life in a typical hospital setting, while the SSU-H has an up to 3-month product life.

●	The S100 is a point-of-use, 0.01-micron microfilter that provides protection from waterborne pathogens. The S100 is primarily used to filter potable water feeding sinks and showers. The S100 has an up to 3-month product life when used in a hospital setting.

●	The HydraGuard^TM and HydraGuard^TM - Flush are 0.005-micron cartridge ultrafilters that provide single-stage protection from waterborne pathogens. The HydraGuard ultrafilters are primarily used to filter potable water feeding ice machines and medical equipment, such as endoscope washers and surgical room humidifiers. The HydraGuard has an up to 6-month product life and the HydraGuard - Flush has an up to 12-month product life when used in a hospital setting.

Our complete hospital infection control product line, including in-line, and point-of-use can be viewed on our website at https://www.nephros.com/infection-control/. We are not including the information on our website as a part of, nor incorporating it by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Dialysis Centers - Water/Bicarbonate. In the dialysis water market, Nephros ultrafiltration products are among the highest performing products on the market. The DSU-D, SSU-D and the SSUmini have become the standard endotoxin filter in many portable reverse osmosis systems. The EndoPur^®, our large-format ultrafilter targeted at dialysis clinic water systems, provides the smallest pore size available.

To perform hemodialysis, all dialysis clinics have dedicated water purification systems to produce water and bicarbonate concentrate, two essential ingredients for making dialysate, the liquid that removes waste material from the blood. According to the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, there are approximately 7,100 dialysis clinics in the United States servicing approximately 500,000 patients annually. We estimate that there are over 100,000 hemodialysis machines in operation in the United States.

We currently have FDA 510(k) clearance on the following portfolio of medical device products for use in the dialysis setting to aid in bacteria, virus, and endotoxin retention:

	●	The DSU-D, SSU-D and SSUmini are in-line, 0.005-micron ultrafilters that provide protection from bacteria, viruses, and endotoxins. All of these products have an up to 12-month product life in the dialysis setting and are used to filter water following treatment with a reverse osmosis (“RO”) system, and to filter bicarbonate concentrate. These ultrafilters are primarily used in the water lines and bicarbonate concentrate lines leading into dialysis machines, and as a polish filter for portable RO machines.

	●	The EndoPur is a 0.005-micron cartridge ultrafilter that provides single-stage protection from bacteria, viruses, and endotoxins. The EndoPur has an up to 12-month product life in the dialysis setting and is used to filter water following treatment with an RO system. More specifically, the EndoPur is used primarily to filter water in large RO systems designed to provide ultrapure water to an entire dialysis clinic. The EndoPur is a cartridge-based, “plug and play” market entry that requires no plumbing at installation or replacement. The EndoPur is available in 10”, 20”, and 30” configuration.

Commercial and Industrial Facilities. Our commercial NanoGuard^® product line accomplishes ultrafiltration via small pore size (0.005 micron) technology, filtering bacteria and viruses from water. In addition, our commercial filtration offerings include technologies that are primarily focused on improving odor and taste and on reducing scale and heavy metals from filtered water.

Our commercial market focus is on the hotel, restaurant, and convenience store markets. In March 2022, we entered into an agreement with Donastar LLC to provide water filtration systems to an organization that services approximately 3,000 Quick Service Restaurants (“QSR”). Effective January 1, 2023, we entered into a new supply agreement with Donastar, which superseded the March 2022 agreement. Under the January 2023 agreement, we engaged Donastar to be our exclusive distributor to the food, beverage and hospitality industries. Effective September 2024, we ended our exclusive relationship with Donastar. Although Donastar continues to distribute our products on a non-exclusive basis, we are expanding our distribution in the commercial market in order to pursue other national accounts, which, over time, may result in step-change increases in commercial market revenue.

Over time, we believe that the same water safety management programs currently underway at medical facilities may migrate to commercial markets. As the epidemiology of waterborne pathogens expands, links to contamination sources will become more efficient and the data more readily available. In cases where those sources are linked to restaurants, hotels, office buildings and residential complexes, the corporate owners of those facilities will likely face increasing liability exposure. We expect that building owners will come to understand ASHRAE-188, which outlines risk factors for buildings and their occupants, and provides water safety management guidelines. We believe, in time, most commercial buildings will need to follow the basic requirements of ASHRAE-188: create a water management plan, perform routine testing, and establish a plan to treat the building in the event of a positive test.

As demand for water testing and microbiological filtration grows, we will be ready to deploy our expertise and solutions based on years of experience servicing the medical market. We believe that we have an opportunity to offer unique expertise and products to the commercial market, and that our future revenue from the commercial market could even surpass our infection control revenue.

We currently market the following portfolio of proprietary products for use in the commercial, industrial, and food service settings:

	●	The NanoGuard set of products are in-line, 0.005-micron ultrafilter that provides dual-stage retention of any organic or inorganic particle larger than 15,000 Daltons. NanoGuard products are designed to fit a variety of existing plumbing configurations, including 10” and 20” standard housings, and Nephros and Everpure® manifolds. Included in the NanoGuard product line are both conventional and flushable filters.

	●	The Nephros line of commercial filters provide a variety of technology solutions that improve water quality in food service, convenience store, hospitality, and industrial applications. Nephros filters improve water taste and odor, and reduce sediment, dirt, rust particles and other solids, chlorine and heavy minerals, lime scale build-up, and both particulate lead and soluble lead.

Nephros commercial products combine effectively with NanoGuard ultrafiltration technologies to offer full-featured solutions to the commercial water market, including to existing users of Everpure filter manifolds.

Critical Accounting Policies

For the six-month period ended June 30, 2025, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies as identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Revenue Recognition

A majority of our revenue is product sales which is recognized at a point-in-time when the product is shipped via external logistics providers and the other criteria of ASC 606 are met. Product revenue is recorded net of variable consideration which includes prompt pay discounts, other discounts, and returns and allowances.

In addition to product revenue, the Company recognizes revenue related to royalty, service, and other agreements in accordance with the five-step model in ASC 606. Sales-based royalties, for which the license is the predominant item to which the royalties relate, are recognized (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Service revenue is recognized at a point in time. the Company is not entitled to payment until the point at which the service is completed.

To recognize revenue for contracts that include a combination of products and services, we allocate the transaction price for the contract among the identified performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. We establish standalone selling price basis for our products based on the observable price of the respective product. For services where the standalone selling price is not directly observable through historical transactions, we estimate standalone selling price using expected cost-plus margin based on management judgment by considering available data, such as labor cost of providing the services and internal margin objectives which include market and competitive conditions. Standalone selling prices for our products and services are reassessed periodically.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We are subject to recently issued accounting standards, accounting guidance and disclosure requirements. For a description of these new accounting standards, see Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Liquidity,” of the Notes to our Unaudited Interim Financial Statements contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Results of Operations

Fluctuations in Operating Results

Our results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to period in the past, including recently, and are likely to continue to do so in the future. We anticipate that our annual results of operations will be impacted in the foreseeable future by several factors, including market acceptance of our products, expense management, and continued ability to achieve positive operating cash flow. Due to these fluctuations, we believe that the period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following table sets forth our summarized, results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands, except percentages):

							$			%
							Increase			Increase
	2025			2024			(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Total net revenues	$	4,419		$	3,252		$	1,167			36	%
Cost of goods sold		1,624			1,340			284			21	%
Gross margin		2,795			1,912			883			46	%
Gross margin %		63	%		59	%		-			4	%
Selling, general and administrative expense		2,201			1,941			260			13	%
Research and development expense		311			254			57			22	%
Depreciation and amortization expense		35			34			1			3	%
Operating income (loss)		248			(317	)		565			178	%
Interest expense		(1	)		-			(1	)		0	%
Interest income		31			21			10			48	%
Other income (expense), net		(32	)		7			(39	)		(557	)%
Income (loss) before income taxes		246			(289	)		535			185	%
Income tax expense		(9	)		-			(9	)		0	%
Net income (loss)	$	237		$	(289	)	$	526			182	%

Revenue

Net revenue increased by $1.2 million, or 36%, in the second quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. This increase was primarily driven by increased revenue in both programmatic and emergency response. The growth in programmatic revenue reflects strong reorders, and a number of new active sites. The growth in emergency response sales reflects increased opportunities in 2025 compared to limited opportunities in the prior-year period.

Gross Profit Margin

Gross profit margin was approximately 63% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to approximately 59% for the same period in 2024. The increase of approximately 4 percentage points was primarily driven by a reduction in shipping costs, and inventory reserve adjustments, both of which contributed to lower cost of goods sold.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by approximately $260,000, or 13%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by higher sales commissions, higher accrual for employee bonuses, and increased stock-based compensation expense.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased approximately $57,000 due to higher salary expense, and higher accrual for employee bonuses.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expenses were approximately $35,000 and $34,000, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024.

Interest Income

Interest income was approximately $31,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to approximately $21,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other expense of approximately $32,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 is primarily a result of losses on foreign currency transactions. Other income of approximately $7,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, is primarily a result of a sale of a fully depreciated asset.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

The following table sets forth our summarized results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands, except percentages):

							$			%
							Increase			Increase
	2025			2024			(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Total net revenues	$	9,296		$	6,774		$	2,522			37	%
Cost of goods sold		3,347			2,675			672			25	%
Gross margin		5,949			4,099			1,850			45	%
Gross margin %		64	%		61	%		-			3	%
Selling, general and administrative expense		4,455			4,083			372			9	%
Research and development expense		606			466			140			30	%
Depreciation and amortization expense		74			67			7			10	%
Operating income (loss)		814			(517	)		1,331			257	%
Interest expense		(1	)		(1	)		-			-	%
Interest income		44			46			(2	)		(4	)%
Other income (expense), net		(53	)		14			(67	)		(479	)%
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	804		$	(458	)	$	1,262			276	%
Income tax expense		(9	)		-			(9	)		-	%
Net income (loss)	$	795		$	(458	)	$	1,253			274

Revenue

Overall, net revenues increased by $2.5 million, or 37% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. This increase was primarily driven by increased revenue in both programmatic and emergency response. The growth in programmatic revenue reflects strong reorders, and a number of new active sites. The growth in emergency response sales reflects more opportunities in the first half of 2025 compared to limited opportunities in the prior year period.

Gross Profit Margin

Gross margin was approximately 64% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to approximately 61% for the same period in 2024. The increase of approximately 3 percentage points was primarily driven by lower product costs resulting from a more favorable product mix and a reduction in inventory reserve adjustments, both of which contributed to lower cost of goods sold.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $372,000, or 9%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by higher sales commission expense, increase employee bonus accruals, and higher stock-based compensation expense.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased $140,000 primarily due to an increase in headcount.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expenses were approximately $74,000 and $67,000, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024.

Interest Income

Interest income was approximately $44,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to approximately $46,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other expense was approximately $53,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and is primarily a result of losses on foreign currency transactions. Other income was approximately $14,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and is primarily a result of gains on foreign currency transactions and a sale of a fully depreciated asset.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes our liquidity and capital resources as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and is intended to supplement the more detailed discussion that follows. The amounts stated are expressed in thousands.

	June 30,		December 31,
Liquidity and Capital Resources	2025		2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,074	$	3,760
Other current assets		4,504		4,538
Working capital		7,806		6,736
Stockholders’ equity		9,599		8,585

As of June 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $143.5 million. Although we were profitable in the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the six months ended June 30, 2025, and the full year ended December 31, 2024, we may incur future operating losses if we are unable to maintain or increase our revenue.

Based on cash that is available for our operations and projections of our future operations, we believe that our cash balances will be sufficient to fund our current operating plan through at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of the financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, our operating plans are designed to help control operating costs and to increase revenue so we can continue to generate sufficient cash flows to fund operations. If there were a decrease in the demand for our products due to either economic or competitive conditions, or if we are otherwise unable to achieve our plan or achieve our anticipated operating results, there could be a significant reduction in liquidity due to our possible inability to cut costs sufficiently. In such event, the Company may need to take further actions to reduce its discretionary expenditures, including further reducing headcount, reducing spending on R&D projects, and reducing other variable costs.

Our future liquidity sources and requirements will depend on many other factors, including:

	●	the market acceptance of our products, and our ability to effectively and efficiently produce, market and sell our products;
	●	the costs involved in filing and enforcing patent claims and the status of competitive products; and
	●	the cost of litigation, including potential patent litigation and any other actual or threatened litigation.

We expect to put our current capital resources toward the development, marketing, and sales of our water filtration products and working capital purposes.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to net cash used by operating activities of approximately $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net cash provided by operating activities in 2025 was primarily due to the net income of approximately $0.8 million, a decrease in inventory of approximately $0.3 million, offset by an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $0.3 million. Net cash used in operating activities in 2024 was primarily due to the net loss of approximately $0.5 million, an increase in inventory of approximately $0.5 million, an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $0.4 million and a decrease in accrued expenses of approximately $0.4 million, offset by an increase in accounts payable of approximately $0.3 million, and an increase in inventory impairments and write offs of approximately $0.2 million.

We had no investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $50,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2024, due to purchases of property and equipment.

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $2,000 and $4,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, primarily due to payments on finance lease

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2025.

Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute “forward-looking statements.” Such statements include statements regarding the efficacy and intended use of our technologies under development, the timelines and strategy for bringing such products to market, the timeline for regulatory review and approval of our products, the availability of funding sources for continued development of such products, and other statements that are not historical facts, including statements which may be preceded by the words “intends,” “may,” “will,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “estimates,” “aims,” “believes,” “hopes,” “potential” or similar words. Forward-looking statements are not guaranties of future performance, are based on certain assumptions and are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Actual results may differ materially from the expectations contained in the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the risks that:

	●	we face significant challenges in obtaining market acceptance of our products, which, if not obtained, could adversely affect our potential sales and revenues;
	●	product-related deaths or serious injuries or product malfunctions could trigger recalls, class action lawsuits and other events that could cause us to incur expenses and may also limit our ability to generate revenues from such products;
	●	we face potential liability associated with the production, marketing and sale of our products, and the expense of defending against claims of product liability could materially deplete our assets and generate negative publicity, which could impair our reputation;

	●	to the extent our products or marketing materials are found to violate any provisions of the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “FDC Act”) or any other statutes or regulations, we could be subject to enforcement actions by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) or other governmental agencies;
	●	we may not be able to obtain funding when needed or on terms favorable to us in order to continue operation;
	●	we may not have sufficient capital to successfully implement our business plan;
	●	we may not be able to effectively market our products;
	●	we may not be able to sell our water filtration products at competitive prices or profitably;

	●	we may encounter problems with our suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors;
	●	we may experience increased costs and/or disruptions in our supply chain due to the imposition of U.S. tariffs;
	●	we may encounter unanticipated internal control deficiencies or weaknesses or ineffective disclosure controls and procedures;
	●	we may not be able to obtain appropriate or necessary regulatory approvals to achieve our business plan;
	●	we may not be able to secure or enforce adequate legal protection, including patent protection, for our products; and
	●	we may not be able to achieve sales growth in key geographic markets.

More detailed information about us and the risk factors that may affect the realization of forward-looking statements, including the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is set forth in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025 and our other reports filed with the SEC. We urge investors and security holders to read those documents free of charge at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. We do not undertake to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which is designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management in a timely manner. Management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Because there are inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud have been or will be detected.

Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

As previously disclosed in Part I, Item 4 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, management identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the recognition of revenue from contracts that included a combination of products sales and service-based deliverables and the application of ASC 606. While management determined that both performance obligations were delivered at a point-in-time, the contract’s transaction price was not allocated based on the respective performance obligations’ relative standalone selling price. Management noted a lack of internal control over contract identification as well as a lack of internal control over evaluating contracts for proper revenue recognition under U.S. GAAP. The material weakness described above did not result in any material misstatement in our financial statements or disclosures for any period presented in the accompanying financial statements.

In response to the material weakness, with the oversight of the board of directors, management worked with its outside accounting consultants to establish controls and protocols designed to properly recognize revenue from contracts with multiple performance obligations while ensuring appropriate accounting for all material sales contracts. Specifically, we developed processes to correctly price product and service revenues on a standalone basis in order to properly allocate revenue from combined contracts between product and other revenues (service). We continue to develop internal processes and controls, as well as provide additional training to our sales team, to properly capture the relevant information needed when we price contracts. We will consider the material weakness to be fully remediated once the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and our management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than our remediation efforts with respect to the material weakness described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item. However, in addition to other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the important information in the section entitled “Forward Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as supplemented by the “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial might materially adversely affect our actual business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 5. Other Information.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.		Description of Exhibit

31.1		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

31.2		Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *

32.1		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. **

32.2		Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. **

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document*

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*		Filed herewith
**		Furnished herewith
†		Management contract or compensatory plan arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	NEPHROS, INC.

Date: August 7, 2025	By:	/s/ Robert Banks
	Name:	Robert Banks
	Title:	President, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: August 7, 2025	By:	/s/ Judy Krandel
	Name:	Judy Krandel
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

NEPHROS INC 10-Q