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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K


x			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
			For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025


¨			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
			For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 1-10258

TREDEGAR CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Virginia		54-1497771
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1100 Boulders Parkway,
Richmond,	Virginia	23225
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 804-330-1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	TG	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None


(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Non-accelerated filer

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. x

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x

Aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2025 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter): $242,702,935*

Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 6, 2026: 34,756,980


*			In determining this figure, an aggregate of 7,296,737 shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by John D. Gottwald, William M. Gottwald, James T. Gottwald, and Residual 10-year CLAT UA FDGJR Living Trust and the members of their immediate families has been excluded because the shares are deemed to be held by affiliates. The aggregate market value has been computed based on the closing price in the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2025.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the Tredegar Corporation Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K

Year Ended December 31, 2025


		Page

Part I
Item 1.	Business		1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		5
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments		8
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity		8
Item 2.	Properties		9
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings		10
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures		10

Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities		10
Item 6.	[RESERVED]		12
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		12
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		24
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data		26
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure		27
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures		27
Item 9B.	Other Information		27
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections		27

Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance		28
Item 11.	Executive Compensation		28
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters		28
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence		29
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services		29

Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules		30
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary		64

PART I

Item 1. BUSINESS

Description of Business

Tredegar Corporation is engaged, through its subsidiaries, in the manufacture of aluminum extrusions and polyethylene and polypropylene plastic films. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references herein to “Tredegar,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are to Tredegar Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

In the fourth quarter of 2025, the Company renamed the segment formerly known as “PE Films.” This segment will be referred to as “High Performance Films” going forward. The product previously known as polyethylene overwrap films was renamed to advanced packaging films. There were no changes to the operations reported within the High Performance Films segment. The Company continues to have two reportable segments: Aluminum Extrusions and High Performance Films.

On November 1, 2024, the Company completed the sale of its flexible packaging films business (also referred to as “Terphane”) headquartered in Brazil to Oben Group. All historical results for Terphane have been presented as discontinued operations. For more information on this transaction, see Note 15. “Divestitures” to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15. “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules” of this Form 10-K (“Item 15”).

Aluminum Extrusions

Aluminum Extrusions, also referred to as Bonnell Aluminum, produces high-quality, soft and medium strength alloyed aluminum extrusions, custom fabricated and finished, for the building and construction, automotive and transportation, consumer durables goods, machinery and equipment, electrical and renewable energy, and distribution markets. Bonnell Aluminum has manufacturing facilities located in the United States (“U.S.”).

Aluminum Extrusions manufactures mill (unfinished), machined, anodized and painted, and thermally improved aluminum extrusions for sale directly to fabricators and distributors. It also manufactures and sells branded product lines: Futura TransitionsTM by Bonnell Aluminum (flooring trims) and TSLOTSTM by Bonnell Aluminum (structural aluminum framing systems). Aluminum Extrusions competes primarily on the basis of product quality, service and price. Sales are made predominantly in the U.S. The end-use markets for Aluminum Extrusions are cyclical and seasonal in nature.

The end-uses in each of Aluminum Extrusions’ primary market segments include:


Major Markets						End-Uses

Building & construction (“B&C”) - nonresidential						Commercial windows and doors, curtain walls, storefronts and entrances, automatic entry doors, walkway covers, ducts, louvers and vents, office wall panels, partitions and interior enclosures, acoustical walls and ceilings, point of purchase displays, pre-engineered structures, and flooring trims (Futura TransitionsTM by Bonnell Aluminum)
B&C - residential						Residential windows and doors, shower and tub enclosures, railing and support systems, venetian blinds, and swimming pools
Automotive & transportation						Automotive and light truck structural components, battery enclosures for electric vehicles, after-market automotive accessories, grills for heavy trucks, travel trailers and recreation vehicles
Consumer durables						Office furniture, pleasure boats, refrigerators and freezers, appliances and sporting goods
Machinery & equipment						Material handling equipment, conveyor systems, medical equipment, industrial fans and aluminum framing systems (TSLOTSTM by Bonnell Aluminum)
Distribution (metal service centers specializing in stock and release programs and custom fabrications to small manufacturers)						Various custom profiles including storm shutters, pleasure boat accessories, theater set structures and various standard profiles (including rod, bar, tube and pipe)
Electrical & renewable energy						Lighting fixtures, electronic apparatus, solar panel brackets and rigid and flexible conduits

Aluminum Extrusions’ net sales (sales less freight) by market segment for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is shown below:


% of Aluminum Extrusions Net Sales1 by Market Segment
	2025	2024	2023
B&C:
Nonresidential	54%	56%	57%
Residential	7%	8%	8%
Automotive	7%	8%	10%
Specialty:
Consumer durables	8%	7%	8%
Machinery & equipment	12%	11%	9%
Electrical	9%	8%	5%
Distribution	3%	2%	3%
Total	100%	100%	100%
1. The Company uses net sales as its measure of revenues from external customers at the segment level. For more business segment information, see Note 12 “Business Segments” to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K.

In 2025, 2024 and 2023, Aluminum Extrusions net sales accounted for approximately 86%, 82% and 86% of Tredegar’s consolidated net sales, respectively.

Open Orders. Overall open orders in Aluminum Extrusions were approximately $70.4 million, or 17 million pounds, at December 31, 2025 compared to approximately $55.0 million, or 17 million pounds, at December 31, 2024, an increase of $15.4 million, or approximately 28%. This level of open orders falls below the normalized level that is typically associated with stable demand patterns and healthy market dynamics. Sales volume for Aluminum Extrusions, which the Company believes is cyclical and seasonal in nature due to its end-use markets, was 157.1 million pounds in 2025, 139.2 million pounds in 2024 and 138.5 million pounds in 2023.

Raw Materials. The primary raw materials used by Aluminum Extrusions consist of aluminum ingot, aluminum scrap and various alloys, which are purchased from domestic and foreign producers in open-market purchases and under annual contracts. Refer to Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of this Form 10-K (“Item 7A”) for additional information on aluminum price trends. Given recent increased geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, Aluminum Extrusions is monitoring potential implications for the availability of certain aluminum‑related raw materials in 2026 and evaluating whether diversifying its sourcing may be warranted. Aluminum Extrusions maintains robust supply agreements that support the continuity of aluminum and other key cost components.

High Performance Films

High Performance Films produces surface protection films, advanced packaging films and films for other markets. Tredegar’s Surface Protection unit produces single- and multi-layer surface protection films sold under the UltraMask®, ForceField™, ForceField PEARL®, Pearl A™ and Obsidian™ brand names. These films, which are manufactured at facilities in the U.S. and China, support manufacturers of optical and other specialty substrates used in high-technology applications, most notably protecting high-value components of flat panel and flexible displays used in televisions, monitors, notebooks, smartphones, tablets, e-readers, electronic shelf labels, automobiles and flexible solar panels during the manufacturing and transportation processes. The Obsidian™ series of products is designed for usage in automotive applications. In 2025, 2024 and 2023, High Performance Films accounted for approximately 14%, 18% and 14% of Tredegar’s consolidated net sales, respectively.

Raw Materials. The primary raw materials used by High Performance Films are polyethylene and polypropylene resins. These raw materials are obtained from domestic and foreign suppliers at competitive prices. Refer to Item 7A for additional information on resin price trends. High Performance Films believes that there will be an adequate supply of polyethylene and polypropylene resins in the foreseeable future.

Customers. High Performance Films’ products are sold primarily in the U.S. and Asia, with the top four customers, collectively, comprising 88% of its net sales in 2025 and in 2024 and 87% in 2023. No single High Performance Films customer exceeds 10% of Tredegar’s consolidated net sales. For additional information, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K (“Item 1A”).

General

Intellectual Property. Tredegar considers patents, licenses and trademarks to be material to High Performance Films. On December 31, 2025, High Performance Films held 30 patents (including 6 U.S. patents), and 12 registered trademarks (including 5 U.S. registered trademarks). As of December 31, 2025, these patents had remaining terms of 5 to 16 years.

Government Regulation. The Company’s operations are subject to various local, state, federal and foreign government regulations, including environmental, privacy and anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws and regulations.

U.S. laws concerning the environment to which the Company’s domestic operations are or may be subject to include the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), regulations promulgated under these acts, and other federal, state or local laws or regulations governing environmental matters. Compliance with these laws is an important consideration because Tredegar uses hazardous materials in some of its operations, is a generator of hazardous waste, and wastewater from the Company’s operations is discharged to various types of wastewater management systems. Under CERCLA and other laws, Tredegar may be subject to financial exposure for costs associated with waste management and disposal, even if the Company fully complies with applicable environmental laws.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has adopted regulations under the Clean Air Act relating to emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (“GHG”), including mandatory reporting and permitting requirements. Several of the Company’s manufacturing operations result in emissions of carbon dioxide or GHG and are subject to the current GHG regulations. The Company’s compliance with environmental regulations has yet to require significant capital expenditures; however, environmental standards tend to become more stringent over time. In addition, in this time of increased accountability in supply chains, some customers are requesting that the Company demonstrate alignment with the customer’s own sustainability commitments. Therefore, in order to comply with current or future environmental legislation or regulations and customer requirements, the Company may be subject to additional capital expenditures, operating expenses or other compliance costs, the amounts and timing of which are not presently determinable, but which could be significant, including constructing new facilities or modifying existing facilities.

Like environmental regulations, current or future workplace safety, privacy and anti-corruption and anti-bribery legislation or regulations may subject the Company to additional capital expenditures, operating expenses or other compliance costs, the amounts and timing of which are not presently determinable but could be significant. Any failure to comply with current or future laws and regulations, including environmental, workplace safety, privacy and anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws and regulations, could subject Tredegar to substantial penalties, fines, costs and expenses. For further discussion regarding certain environmental, health and safety, privacy and anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws and regulations to which the Company is subject, see Item 1A below.

Human Capital Management.

Overview

Tredegar had approximately 1,700 employees at December 31, 2025 located in the U.S. and Asia, of which 96% are located in the U.S. Approximately 19% of the Company’s employees are represented by labor unions located in the U.S. under two collective bargaining agreements with varying durations and expiration dates. The labor union representing employees at Bonnell Aluminum’s Newnan Plant ratified a new collective bargaining agreement in January 2025. Similarly, the labor union representing employees in High Performance Films’s Pottsville Plant ratified a new collective bargaining agreement in November 2025.

Health and Safety

Tredegar has continuously exceeded the industry standards for safety in each of its respective manufacturing sectors. The Company uses various forms of employee safety metrics to assess the health and safety performance of its Aluminum Extrusion and High Performance Films operations, including employee safety data which is available on the Company’s website at www.tredegar.com/about-tredegar/our-broader-commitments/committed-to-our-employees/.

Additionally, Aluminum Extrusions has on-site health clinics at its Carthage and Clearfield facilities. These clinics allow Aluminum Extrusions to invest in its people, provide more personal and more thorough healthcare to employees, and enhance the employer-employee relationship. Collectively, the Carthage and Clearfield clinics serve over 800 employees.

Talent and Development

The Company believes its employees are its most valuable asset and are critical to the success of the Company. The Company seeks to retain employees by offering competitive wages, benefits and training opportunities. The objectives of our executive compensation programs are to attract, motivate and retain highly qualified executive officers. To accomplish these objectives, the Company relies on a pay strategy that emphasizes performance-based compensation through annual and long-term incentives. The Company believes that this pay strategy creates a strong link between pay and performance and aligns with our business strategy of generating strong operating results and shareholder value creation while controlling fixed costs.

The Company is committed to holistically supporting our employees both at work and in their communities by:

•Strictly following all applicable health, safety and non-discrimination laws in each country;

•Promoting the highest standards for employee health and safety through innovative programs; and

•Providing opportunities for community outreach and supporting programs that enhance the lives of children and families.

Tredegar strictly complies with all applicable federal, state, local and international laws governing nondiscrimination in employment in every location where Tredegar and its businesses have facilities to ensure healthy and positive working conditions. This applies to all terms and conditions of employment, including recruiting, hiring, job assignments, promotion, termination, layoff, recall, transfer, leaves of absence, compensation and training. All applicants and employees are treated with the same high level of respect regardless of their race, creed, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, pregnancy, national origin, ethnicity, political affiliation, union membership, family status, citizenship status, veteran status, disability or other protected category. Employees who experience or witness discriminatory behavior are encouraged to report such behavior to their supervisor, Human Resources or Tredegar’s toll-free anonymous reporting hotline. Additionally, the Company spends significant resources in developing its employees. A core focus is building a team of motivated and engaged leaders at every level of the Company. Each business unit has identified specific action plans to promote leadership development among its employees. Action plans include talent development, skills training, reinforcement of strong cultural values, and robust systems to ensure a safe working environment.

Information About Our Executive Officers. See Item 10. “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” of this Form 10-K.

Available Information and Corporate Governance Documents. Tredegar’s website address is www.tredegar.com. The Company makes available, through its website, its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after such documents are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Information filed electronically with the SEC can be accessed on its website at www.sec.gov. In addition, the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Conduct, the charters of the Audit, Executive Compensation, Nominating and Governance Committees and Climate Change Risk Assessment and many other corporate policies are available on Tredegar’s website and are available in print to any shareholder upon request by contacting Tredegar’s Corporate Secretary at 1100 Boulders Parkway, Richmond, Virginia 23225. The information on or that can be accessed through the Company’s website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this Form 10-K or incorporated into other filings it makes with the SEC.

Forward-looking and Cautionary Statements

Some of the information contained in this Form 10-K may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When the Company uses the words “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “appear to,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “likely,” “may” and similar expressions, it does so to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on the Company’s then current expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those addressed in the forward-looking statements. It is possible that the Company’s actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in or implied by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. For risks and important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expectations, refer to the reports that Tredegar files with or furnishes the SEC from time-to-time, including the risks and important factors set forth in Item 1A. Readers are urged to review and consider carefully the disclosures Tredegar makes in the reports Tredegar files with or furnishes to the SEC. Tredegar does not undertake, and expressly disclaims any duty, to update any forward-looking statement to reflect any change in management’s expectations or any change in conditions, assumptions or circumstances on which such statements are based, except as required by applicable law.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

There are a number of risks and uncertainties that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s businesses and its consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The following risk factors should be considered, in addition to the other information included in this Form 10-K, when evaluating Tredegar and its businesses.

Risks Related to All of Tredegar’s Businesses

•Trade policies and prolonged geopolitical conflicts could cause an increase in the cost of our products or otherwise negatively impact the Company. The primary raw materials used by Aluminum Extrusions consist of aluminum ingot, aluminum scrap and various alloys, which are purchased from domestic and foreign producers in open-market purchases and under short-term contracts. High Performance Film’s Surface Protection business involves imports to and from the U.S. and other countries where the Company produces and sells its products, including China. Trade tensions have been rising between the U.S. and other countries. An increase in tariffs and other trade barriers between the U.S. and other countries could cause disruption to supply chains and an increase in the cost of Aluminum Extrusions’ and High Performance Films’ products or otherwise negatively impact the production and sale of the Company’s products in global markets. Furthermore, prolonged geopolitical conflicts, including recent increased tensions in the Middle East, could result in increased pricing of raw materials and supply chain constraints, which could negatively affect our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Refer to Risks Related to Aluminum Extrusions for additional information about unfairly traded imports of aluminum extrusions.

•Ongoing macroeconomic factors, including inflation, high interest rates and recession risks could cause downturns in key markets and create other commercial disruptions, which could adversely impact our businesses. Products sold to key end-use markets, including the B&C and consumer electronics markets, represent a significant portion of our revenue. Because these markets are tied closely to overall economic performance, macroeconomic factors could cause changes to demand for our products. These factors include: (i) inflation; (ii) high interest rates; (iii) recession risks; and (iv) other interruptions of international and regional commerce. Price erosion may occur as competitors become more aggressive in pricing practices. To the extent that these factors reduce demand for our products, our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

•Tredegar’s performance is influenced by costs incurred by its operating companies, including the cost of raw materials and energy. These costs include the cost of aluminum (the raw material on which Aluminum Extrusions primarily depends), resin (the raw material on which High Performance Films primarily depends), natural gas (the principal fuel necessary for Aluminum Extrusions’ plants to operate), electricity, diesel fuel, chemicals and paint. Aluminum, resin and natural gas prices are volatile as shown in the charts in Item 7A. The Company attempts to mitigate the effects of higher costs, which includes tariff driven cost increases, through price increases and contractual pass-through provisions, but there are no assurances that higher prices can effectively be passed through to customers or that Tredegar will be able to offset fully or on a timely basis the effects of higher costs. Further, the Company’s cost control efforts may not be sufficient to offset any increases in raw materials, energy or other input costs.

•Noncompliance with any of the covenants in the Company’s $125 million asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL Facility”), which matures on May 6, 2030, could result in all debt outstanding thereunder becoming due and limiting the Company’s borrowing capacity, which could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition and liquidity. The credit agreement governing Tredegar’s ABL Facility contains restrictions and financial covenants that, if violated, could restrict the Company’s operational and financial flexibility. Failure to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default, which if not cured or waived, would result in all outstanding debt under the credit facility at such time becoming due, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and liquidity.

•Our failure to continue to attract, develop and retain certain key officers or employees could adversely affect our businesses. Our success depends upon the efforts and abilities of key personnel, many of whom are longstanding employees. The loss of any of these key personnel could deplete our institutional knowledge base and negatively affect our ability to efficiently operate our businesses. Certain roles have experienced high turnover in recent years, and we are experiencing an increasingly competitive labor market. Increased employee turnover could hinder our ability to execute our business strategy and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

•Disruptions at one of the Company’s major manufacturing facilities could negatively impact financial results. Tredegar believes it has implemented measures to minimize the risks of disruption at its facilities. However, a disruption could occur as a result of any number of events: an equipment failure with repairs requiring long lead times, labor stoppages or shortages, cybersecurity attacks, utility disruptions, constraints on the supply or delivery of critical raw materials, and severe weather conditions, including potential flooding at the Aluminum Extrusions facility located in Carthage, TN, which is located in a 50-year flood plain. Refer to Risks Related to Aluminum Extrusions for additional information related to aging equipment and systems. A material disruption in one of the Company’s operating locations

could negatively impact production and the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

•A failure in the Company’s information technology systems as a result of cybersecurity attacks or other causes could negatively affect Tredegar’s business. The Company depends on information technology (“IT”) to record and process customer orders, manufacture and ship products in a timely manner, secure its production processes and know-how, maintain the financial accuracy of its business records and maintain personally identifiable information of its employees. An IT system failure due to computer viruses, internal or external security breaches, cybersecurity attacks or other malicious causes could disrupt our operations and prevent us from being able to process transactions with our customers, operate our manufacturing facilities and properly report transactions in a timely manner. Increased global IT security threats and cyber-crime pose a potential risk to the security and availability of the Company’s IT systems, networks and services, including those that are managed, hosted, provided or used by third parties, as well as to the confidentiality, availability and integrity of the Company’s data. Additionally, increased cybersecurity risk arises due to certain employees working remotely. To date, interruptions of the Company’s IT systems have been infrequent, and Tredegar has not experienced a material cybersecurity incident. A significant prolonged failure of or security breach of the IT systems, networks or service providers the Company relies upon, or a loss or disclosure of business or other sensitive information, or personally identifiable information, as a result of a cybersecurity incident or other cause, could result in substantial costs to the Company, damage to the Company’s reputation, regulatory enforcement actions and lawsuits and could adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

•The Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be impacted by the macroeconomic effects of a pandemic. The outbreak of a public health emergency, such as a pandemic or epidemic, could have multiple adverse effects on the global economy, including short-term impacts affecting labor supply and causing supply chain disruptions which can lead to inflationary pressures. In addition, a pandemic may result in certain after-shocks and structural shifts, which could adversely impact Tredegar’s markets. Preventive or protective actions taken by governmental authorities could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, our suppliers, contractors and third-party logistic providers, including facility closures, labor constraints, supply chain disruptions and other challenges. These challenges could impact our ability to maintain sufficient inventory and to accurately predict demand or lead times, which could inhibit our ability to service customer demand. Additionally, a future pandemic could heighten other risks described herein.

•Tredegar is subject to current and future government regulations, including environmental laws and regulations, and could become exposed to liabilities and costs associated with such regulations. The Company is subject to regulation by local, state, federal and foreign governmental authorities. Additionally, some customers are requesting that the Company demonstrate alignment with the customer’s own sustainability commitments. New laws and regulations, or changes to existing laws, including those relating to environmental matters (including global climate change and plastic products), customer sustainability commitments and privacy matters, could subject Tredegar to significant additional capital expenditures, operating expenses or other compliance costs. Moreover, future developments in federal, state, local and international laws and regulations, including environmental laws, and future customer sustainability initiatives are difficult to predict. Environmental laws, customer sustainability initiatives and privacy restrictions have become and are expected to continue to become increasingly strict. As a result, Tredegar expects to be subject to new environmental and privacy laws and regulations and new customer sustainability commitments. However, any such changes are uncertain and, therefore, it is not possible for the Company to predict with certainty the amount of additional capital expenditures or operating expenses that could be necessary for compliance with respect to any such changes.

The Company is subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, anti-corruption laws and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Although we have policies and procedures designed to facilitate compliance with these laws and regulations, our employees, contractors and agents may take actions in violation of our policies. Any such violation, even if prohibited by our policies, could adversely affect our business and/or our reputation.

Risks Related to Aluminum Extrusions

•Unfairly traded imports of aluminum extrusions could injure or threaten with injury America’s domestic aluminum extrusions industry, which could have an adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of Aluminum Extrusions.

Chinese and other foreign manufacturers continue to attempt to evade the antidumping and countervailing orders to avoid duties. In October 2022, the U.S. International Trade Commission extended the antidumping and countervailing duty orders against aluminum extrusions from China for a period of five years.

In March 2018, the U.S. imposed tariffs of 10% on aluminum ingot and semi-finished aluminum imported into the U.S. from certain countries (“Section 232 tariffs”). In December 2020, the Department of Commerce introduced general approved exclusions, allowing importers to bypass individual exclusion requests and import items without Section 232 tariffs. All general approved exclusions were terminated effective March 12, 2025.

Unfairly traded imports of aluminum extrusions continue to pose a significant threat to the U.S. aluminum extrusion industry and to our Aluminum Extrusions segment. Effective June 4, 2025, the Section 232 tariffs were increased to 50%, except for the United Kingdom, after previously being increased from 10% to 25%, effective March 12, 2025. These measures are in addition to existing antidumping and countervailing duties. There are no country-specific or product-specific exclusions occurring to date, except for an alternative arrangement with the United Kingdom.

Despite these actions, weekly net new orders declined approximately 23.6% after the tariff increase to 50%, from an average of 3.4 million pounds per week in the first half of 2025 to 2.6 million pounds per week in the period from June 2025 through early March 2026.

We believe this decline in net new orders after the step-up in the tariff to 50% is due to a combination of lower demand for extrusions in the U.S., tariffs not resulting in the expected favorable shift of market share to domestic producers due to the undervaluation of imported fabricated aluminum products and customers pausing orders to evaluate the permanency of the new higher tariff. Due to the persistent undervaluation problem, the Section 232 framework has created a tariff inversion and price distortions that has created a disadvantage for U.S. extruders and fabricators, allowing foreign finished goods to enter the market at prices domestic manufacturers cannot match. These domestic industry structural issues have reduced the effectiveness of recent tariff increases and have contributed to renewed import surges, despite the intended Section 232 measures.

Although the initial strengthening of the Section 232 program resulted in market share gains for U.S. producers, those gains have diminished, and imports from certain countries have again begun to increase share at the expense of the domestic industry. If these conditions persist, particularly the tariff inversion and continued undervaluation of imported fabricated aluminum productions, they could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of our Aluminum Extrusions segment.

•Our business is capital intensive, and the inability to replace aging equipment could have an adverse effect on our growth and profitability. Our operations rely heavily on manufacturing equipment and information technology (“IT”) systems that, in certain cases, are aging or approaching obsolescence. Many of our production assets have been in service for decades and, while maintained, are more susceptible to mechanical failure, inefficiency, or downtime compared to modern equipment. Unexpected breakdowns or extended outages could disrupt production schedules, increase maintenance costs, and impair our ability to meet customer demand.

Similarly, portions of our IT infrastructure, including enterprise resource planning and manufacturing execution systems (ERP/MES), are based on legacy platforms that may lack the flexibility and scalability features of newer technologies. These limitations increase the risk of system failures, security and operational inefficiencies. In addition, reliance on outdated systems hinders our ability to integrate emerging technologies, automate processes, or respond quickly to evolving regulatory and market requirements. A new ERP/MES project for all locations of the Aluminum Extrusions business commenced in 2022, with capitalized spending to-date of approximately $21 million related to assets not yet placed in service. As the project progressed, certain implementation phases proved more complex and time‑consuming than originally anticipated, requiring a redesign of key elements of the system. During the second quarter of 2023, this project was reorganized to increase the utilization of existing dedicated internal resources for system design in lieu of more costly external consultants. The Company expects that in late 2026 the Board will evaluate the new project design and capital needed for implementation based on the Company’s earnings, financial position, expected cash needs, and other relevant considerations.

Furthermore, significant capital expenditures are required to modernize our infrastructure, and delays or difficulties in implementing such upgrades could exacerbate these risks. Although we currently finance most of our capital expenditures through cash provided by operations, we also may depend on increased borrowing or other financing arrangements to fund future capital expenditures. If we are unable to obtain suitable financing on favorable terms or at all, we may not be able to complete future capital projects and our ability to maintain or expand our operations may be limited. If we are unable to timely upgrade or replace aging equipment and obsolete IT systems, our business could face higher operating costs, reduced competitiveness, or experience non-cash asset impairments.

•Sales volume and profitability of Aluminum Extrusions is cyclical and seasonal and highly dependent on economic conditions of end-use markets in the U.S., particularly in the construction sector. Aluminum Extrusions’ end-use markets can be cyclical and subject to seasonal swings in volume. In addition, changes in architectural design, demographic, and remote work trends could negatively impact the overall commercial construction industry. Because of the capital-intensive nature and level of fixed costs inherent in the aluminum extrusions business, the percentage drop in

earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) from ongoing operations in a cyclical downturn will likely exceed the percentage drop in volume. In addition, during an economic slowdown, excess industry capacity often drives increased pricing pressure in many end-use markets as competitors seek to maintain or increase their position with key customers. Benefits associated with cost reductions and productivity improvements may not be sufficient to offset the adverse effects on profitability from pricing and margin pressure and higher bad debts (including a greater chance of loss associated with customers defaulting on fixed-price forward sales contracts) that usually accompany a downturn.

•The markets for Aluminum Extrusions’ products are highly competitive with product quality, service, delivery performance and price being the principal competitive factors. Aluminum Extrusions has approximately 1,100 customers that are in a variety of end-use markets within the broad categories of building and construction, automotive, transportation, consumer durables, electrical, renewable energy, machinery and equipment, and distribution. No single Aluminum Extrusions’ customer exceeds 4% of consolidated net sales. Future success and prospects depend on Aluminum Extrusions’ ability to provide superior service, high quality products, timely delivery and competitive pricing to retain existing customers and participate in overall industry cross-cycle growth. Failure in any of these areas could lead to a loss of customers, which could have an adverse effect on the business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of Aluminum Extrusions.

Risks Related to High Performance Films

•High Performance Films is highly dependent on sales associated with relatively few large customers. High Performance Films’ top four customers comprised in total approximately 13%, 16% and 12% of Tredegar’s consolidated net sales in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The loss or significant reduction of sales associated with one or more of these customers without replacement by new business could have an adverse effect on the Company.

While High Performance Films is undertaking efforts to expand its customer base, there can be no assurance that such efforts will be successful, or that they will offset any loss of sales and profits associated with large customer declines.

•The failure of our customers to achieve success or maintain market share, shifts in customer strategies, and changes in consumer preferences could adversely impact High Performance Films’ sale and operating margins. Our specialized protection and thin-gauge advanced packaging films are used in the production of various consumer products sold worldwide. Our business relies heavily on a few large customers and the markets they operate in. Failure by a key customer to maintain market share or changes in customer strategies or preferences could reduce orders and significantly affect our operating results. Cyclical downturns, disruptive technologies, shifting consumer preferences, and operational decisions by a key customer that result in component substitution all pose risks to our business.

•The Company’s inability to protect its intellectual property rights or its infringement of the intellectual property rights of others could have an adverse impact on High Performance Films. The continued success of High Performance Films’ business depends on its ability not only to protect its own technologies and trade secrets, but also to develop and sell new products that do not infringe upon existing patents. Intellectual property litigation is very costly and could result in substantial expense and diversions of Company resources, both of which could adversely affect its consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, there may be no effective legal recourse against infringement of the Company’s intellectual property by third parties, whether due to limitations on enforcement of rights in foreign jurisdictions or as a result of other factors.

•Our international operations expose us to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Because we compete against protective films companies who produce and supply films within Japan and price their products in yen, changes in exchange rates, which result in a strong U.S. dollar versus the Japanese yen, can adversely affect the competitiveness of our products in foreign markets and our reported results of operations.

Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Tredegar’s business model depends on the efficiency and reliability of its information systems, networks, and essential assets, with a portion of these systems and networks being administered by third-party service providers. Tredegar’s Cybersecurity Program (the “Program”), which was designed utilizing a risk-based approach, was developed to not only prevent, identify, investigate, resolve, and mitigate potential cybersecurity vulnerabilities within Tredegar but also to enhance the information security posture of Tredegar’s operations involving third-party service providers.

Tredegar entrusts its third-party service providers with the responsibility to institute security measure protocols that are appropriately and proportionally tailored to the corresponding risks. However, Tredegar also periodically conducts assessments

of the third-party service providers’ security frameworks to verify the implementation of adequate security measures, to safeguard Tredegar against potential vulnerabilities.

The Program leverages a blend of automated systems, manual operations, and external evaluations to proactively identify and mitigate potential cybersecurity threats. Key components of the Program include Tredegar’s Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan and Cyber Crisis Management Plan. These plans encompass a strategic approach that includes: (i) detection of threats, thorough analysis of cybersecurity incidents to determine whether timely notification to Tredegar’s Board of Directors (“Board”) is necessary; (ii) containment of incidents; (iii) eradication or mitigation of threats; (iv) recovery processes; and (v) a comprehensive post-incident review.

To further strengthen its cybersecurity posture, Tredegar employs third-party consultants who work with the internal audit and information technology (“IT”) functions to assess Tredegar’s information security program and practices, including incident management, service continuity, and information security compliance programs, and identify areas for improvement. The results of such an assessment are regularly presented to the Audit Committee. Notably, these assessments include periodic penetration tests, which allow Tredegar to identify vulnerabilities, refine procedures, and enhance its crisis management and recovery capabilities. The Program is also supported by an organizational structure, involving collaboration across various business sectors and an interdisciplinary Global Data Protection and Cybersecurity Oversight Team that meets regularly to identify information security risks and appropriate risk mitigation strategies. Additionally, because Tredegar recognizes the significant role that its employees play in information security, it provides annual formal information security training to all of its employees that covers critical topics such as phishing and email security best practices. Furthermore, periodic simulated phishing exercises are conducted to reinforce these practices.

Tredegar’s IT Director and Bonnell’s Director of Information Security are responsible for managing the Program, including the prevention, mitigation, detection and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. Tredegar’s IT Director has over 10 years of cybersecurity expertise, including working in similar roles at other companies, has cybersecurity certifications from EC-Council and ODU Global and holds a degree in Computer Science from Universidade Catolica de Pernambuco and an MBA in IT Management from Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Bonnell’s Director of Information Security has over 30 years of cybersecurity experience, including working in similar roles at other companies, has cybersecurity certifications from EC-Council and ISC^2 and holds a degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Tredegar’s IT Director and Bonnell’s Director of Information Security also regularly collaborate closely with key management, including the Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel, Compliance Manager, and Human Resources Executive Director, to foster effective communication regarding the Program within Tredegar.

The Board is responsible for risk management, with specific oversight of cybersecurity risks being delegated to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee receives updates from Tredegar’s and Bonnell’s IT Directors at each of its quarterly meetings. These updates encompass an assessment of Tredegar’s cybersecurity risk profile, including the efficacy of Tredegar’s cybersecurity policies, procedures, strategies, and areas of emerging risk. Additionally, the Board receives annual, but often more frequent, updates on Tredegar’s cybersecurity systems.

Based on the information we have as of the date of this Form 10-K, we do not believe any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have materially affected us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for further information.

Item 2. PROPERTIES

General

Most of the improved real property and the other assets used in the Company’s operations are owned. Certain of the owned property is subject to an encumbrance under the ABL Facility. See Note 7 “Debt and Credit Agreements” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for more information.

Tredegar considers the manufacturing facilities, warehouses and other properties and assets that it owns or leases to be in generally good condition. Capacity utilization at its various manufacturing facilities can vary with product mix and normal fluctuations in sales levels. The Company believes that its Bonnell Aluminum and High Performance Films manufacturing facilities have sufficient capacity to meet current production requirements. Tredegar’s corporate headquarters, which is leased, is located at 1100 Boulders Parkway, Richmond, Virginia 23225.

The Company’s principal manufacturing plants and facilities as of December 31, 2025 are listed below:

Aluminum Extrusions

Locations in the U.S.

Locations Outside the U.S.

Principal Operations

Carthage, Tennessee
Clearfield, Utah (leased)
Elkhart, Indiana
Newnan, Georgia
Niles, Michigan

None

Production of aluminum extrusions, fabrication and finishing

High Performance Films

Locations in the U.S.

Locations Outside the U.S.

Principal Operations

Pottsville, Pennsylvania

Guangzhou, China

Production of plastic films

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may be party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe there are any pending legal proceedings that, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. If one or more legal matters were resolved against the Company in a reporting period for amounts above management’s expectations, the Company’s financial condition and operating results for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected. For additional information, see Note 14 "Contingencies" to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

PART II

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Tredegar’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “TG”. There were 34,756,980 shares of common stock held by 1,449 shareholders of record on March 6, 2026. The shares of common stock held includes voting and dividend-participating unvested restricted stock granted to employees of 678,763 shares.

Dividend Information

Prior to the third quarter of 2023, Tredegar paid a regular cash dividend every quarter since becoming a public company in July 1989. All decisions with respect to the declaration and payment for future dividends will be made by the Board in its sole discretion based upon earnings, financial condition, anticipated cash needs, compliance with the covenants under the ABL Facility and other such considerations as the Board deems relevant.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In January 2008, Tredegar announced that the Board approved a share repurchase program whereby management is authorized at its discretion to purchase, in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, up to 5 million shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The authorization has no time limit. Tredegar did not repurchase any shares in the open market or otherwise in 2025, 2024 or 2023 under this standing authorization. The maximum number of shares remaining under this standing authorization was 1,732,003 at December 31, 2025. All decisions with respect to the declaration and payment for future share repurchases will be made by the Board in its sole discretion based upon earnings, financial condition, anticipated cash needs, compliance with the covenants under the ABL Facility and other such considerations as the Board deems relevant.

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares cumulative total shareholder returns for Tredegar, the S&P SmallCap 600 Stock Index (an index comprised of companies with market capitalizations similar to Tredegar) and the Russell 2000 Index for the five years ended December 31, 2025.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

Among Tredegar Corporation, the S&P SmallCap 600 Index, and the Russell 2000 Index


*$100 invested on 12/31/20 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31. Copyright© 2026 Standard & Poor's, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved. Copyright© 2026 Russell Investment Group. All rights reserved.

Item 6. [RESERVED]

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations focuses on and is intended to clarify the results of our operations, certain changes in our financial position, liquidity, capital structure and business developments for the periods covered by the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. This discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified by reference to, the other related information including, but not limited to, the audited consolidated financial statements (including the notes thereto) and the description of our business, all as set forth in this Form 10-K, as well as the risk factors discussed above in Item 1A.

This section provides discussion and a year-to-year comparison for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Business Overview

General

Tredegar Corporation is an industrial manufacturer with two primary businesses: custom aluminum extrusions for the B&C, automotive and specialty end-use markets in the United States through its Aluminum Extrusions segment (with exports comprising less than 5% of total sales volume) and surface protection films for high-end technology applications in the global electronics industry and packaging films for consumer and industrial products through its High Performance Films segment. With approximately 1,700 employees, the Company operates manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and China.

EBITDA from ongoing operations is the measure of segment profit and loss used by Tredegar’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for purposes of assessing financial performance. The Company uses sales less freight (“net sales”) as its measure of revenues from external customers at the segment level. This measure is separately included in the financial information regularly provided to the CODM.

Earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) from ongoing operations is a non-GAAP financial measure included in the reconciliation of segment financial information to consolidated results for the Company in the Segment Operations Review section below. EBIT is not intended to represent the stand-alone results for Tredegar's ongoing operations under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as defined by GAAP. We believe that EBIT is a widely understood and utilized metric that is meaningful to certain investors and that including this financial metric in the reconciliation of management’s performance metric, EBITDA from ongoing operations, provides useful information to those investors that primarily utilize EBIT to analyze the Company’s core operations.

Sales were $722.9 million in 2025 compared to $598.0 million in 2024. Net income (loss) from continuing operations was $24.1 million ($0.69 per diluted share) in 2025, compared with net income (loss) from continuing operations of $1.0 million ($0.03 per diluted share) in 2024.

2025 Financial Results Highlights

•EBITDA from ongoing operations for Aluminum Extrusions of $51.0 million was $9.6 million higher than the year of 2024.

•EBITDA from ongoing operations for High Performance Films of $27.1 million was $3.3 million lower than the year of 2024.

Gains and losses associated with exit and disposal activities, plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other items are described in Results of Operations below.

Results of Operations

2025 versus 2024

The following table presents a bridge of consolidated net income (loss) from continuing operations from the year of 2024 to the year of 2025 with related management’s discussion and analysis below the table.


(In thousands)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2024	$	1,045
Income tax expense (benefit)	(165)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2024	880
Change in income (loss) from increases (decreases) in the following items:
Sales	124,839
Other income (expense), net	2,351
Total	127,190
Change in income (loss) from (increases) decreases in the following items:
Cost of goods sold	(108,363)
Freight	(3,122)
Selling, general and administrative	(6,060)


Interest expense	661

OPEB termination gain	6,265
Goodwill impairment	13,271
Other	(53)
Total	(97,401)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2025	30,669
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,584
Net income (loss) from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2025	$	24,085

Sales in 2025 increased by 20.9% compared with 2024. Net sales increased 27.0% in Aluminum Extrusions primarily due to higher sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs. Net sales decreased 5.2% in High Performance Films primarily due to lower net sales in Surface Protection and advanced packaging films. For more information on changes in net sales and volume, see the Segment Operations Review section below.

Other income (expense), net was $1.4 million in 2025 compared to $(1.0) million in 2024. The amount in other income (expense), net for 2025 was primarily related to a gain on the sale of corporate-owned land of $1.5 million. The amount in other income (expense), net for 2024 was primarily related to $1.3 million of deferred and discretionary incentive payments made in 2024 subsequent to the sale of Terphane.

Consolidated gross profit (sales minus cost of goods sold and freight) as a percentage of sales (gross profit margin) was 15.1% in 2025 versus 16.1% in 2024.

•The gross profit margin in Aluminum Extrusions remained flat primarily due to higher volume, favorable pricing and lower manufacturing costs associated with material yield, offset by higher labor rates, unfavorable productivity, higher maintenance and supply expense, partially due to the impact of tariffs and severe weather and downed equipment in the first half of 2025, higher expense for externally produced billet associated with the increase in volume and higher die expense associated with timing of purchases and increasing volume. Additionally, inventories accounted for under the last-in first-out (“LIFO”) inventory method resulted in a net benefit of $2.6 million in 2025 compared to a net benefit of $0.1 million in 2024 due to a favorable current cost adjustment associated with higher metal prices ($9.3 million benefit in 2025 and $1.3 million benefit 2024), partially offset by a corresponding increase in the LIFO reserve, which resulted in a charge of $6.7 million in the fourth quarter 2025 versus a charge of $1.2 million in the fourth quarter 2024. The timing of the flow-through under the first-in first-out (“FIFO”) method of aluminum raw material costs, which were previously acquired in a quickly changing commodity pricing environment, causing a temporary mismatch in the change in the cost of raw materials included in variable costs and the pass through to customers included in sales, resulted in a benefit of $8.7 million in 2025 versus a benefit of $0.1 million in 2024.

•The gross profit margin in High Performance Films slightly decreased primarily due to lower contribution margin (net sales less variable costs) from Surface Protection associated with lower volume, unfavorable mix, partially offset by favorable pricing, variable cost savings and operating efficiencies. Inventories accounted for under the LIFO method

resulted in a charge of $0.2 million in 2025 versus a benefit of $0.2 million in 2024, and the pass-through lag associated with resin costs resulted in a charge of $0.3 million in 2025 versus a charge of $1.0 million in 2024.

For more information on changes in operating costs and expenses, see the Segment Operations Review section below.

As a percentage of sales, selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) and research and development (“R&D”) expenses were 11.0% in 2025 compared with 12.3% in 2024. While SG&A expense increased 8.3% and R&D remained flat year-over-year, sales increased $124.8 million or 20.9% compared with the prior year period. Higher SG&A spending was primarily due to higher employee-related compensation and higher professional fees associated with business development activities.

During 2025, the Company terminated the Other Post-Retirement Benefits (“OPEB”) program. The OPEB total obligation and unrecognized pre-tax actuarial gain reported in the consolidated balance sheets was $5.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, which was realized in the income statement during the fourth quarter of 2025. See Note 8 “Retirement Benefits and Other Postretirement Benefits” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for more information.

During 2024, a non-cash goodwill impairment of $13.3 million was recognized associated with the Clearfield, Utah operation reporting unit in Aluminum Extrusions. See Note 1 “Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for more information.

The effective tax rate from continuing operations for 2025 was 21.5%, compared to (18.8)% in 2024. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to higher pre-tax income from continuing operations in 2025 than in 2024. The tax rate in 2024 was impacted by the release of valuation allowance on deferred taxes. See Note 11 “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for additional information.

Pre-tax gains and losses associated with plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other items in 2025 detailed below are shown in the reconciliation of net sales and EBITDA from ongoing operations by segment in the Segment Operations Review below and are included in “Asset impairments and costs associated with exit and disposal activities, net of adjustments” in the consolidated statements of income, unless otherwise noted.


($ in millions)	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		2025
Aluminum Extrusions:
(Gains) losses associated with plant shutdowns, asset impairments and restructurings:
Production equipment asset impairment	$	—	$	—	$	0.4	$	0.4	$	0.8
(Gains) losses from sale of assets, investment writedowns and other items:
Consulting expenses for ERP/MES project1	0.4		0.4		0.4		0.3		1.5
Storm damage to the Newnan, Georgia plant1	—		(0.2)		—		—		(0.2)
Legal fees associated with the Aluminum Extruders Trade Case and other matters1	0.3		(0.2)		—		(0.1)		—
Aluminum extrusion press fire at Newnan, Georgia Plant1	—		—		0.1		—		0.1
Aluminum premium charge as a result of unplanned maintenance interruptions3	0.3		—		—		—		0.3
Total for Aluminum Extrusions	$	1.0	$	—	$	0.9	$	0.6	$	2.5





Corporate:
(Gain) losses from sale of assets, investment writedowns and other items:
Professional fees associated with business development activities1	$	2.5	$	1.3	$	1.7	$	0.9	$	6.4
Professional fees associated with remediation activities related to internal control over financial reporting1	0.2		—		—		—		0.2
Professional fees associated with the transition to the ABL Facility1	0.1		0.1		—		0.1		0.3
Professional fees associated with the OPEB termination4	—		—		0.1		0.3		0.4
Group annuity contract premium adjustment2,4	0.1		—		—		—		0.1
Proceeds on the sale of corporate-owned land2	(0.1)		(1.4)		—		—		(1.5)
OPEB termination gain4	—		—		—		(6.3)		(6.3)
Total for Corporate	$	2.8	$	—	$	1.8	$	(5.0)	$	(0.4)
1.Included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of income. 2.Included in “Other income (expense), net” in the consolidated statements of income. 3.Included in “Cost of good sold” in the consolidated statements of income. 4.For more information, see Note 8 “Retirement Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15.

Average total debt outstanding and interest rates were as follows:


(In millions, except percentages)	2025			2024
Floating-rate debt with interest charged on a rollover basis plus a credit spread:
Average total outstanding debt balance	$	54.8		$	117.7
Average interest rate	6.7		%	8.9		%

Segment Operations Review

2025 versus 2024

A summary of operating results for 2025 versus 2024 for both of the Company’s reporting segments is shown below.

Aluminum Extrusions

A summary of results for Aluminum Extrusions is provided below:


	Year Ended				Favorable/
(In thousands, except percentages)	December 31,				(Unfavorable)
	2025		2024		% Change
Sales volume (lbs)	157,071		139,152		12.9%
Net sales	$	598,975	$	471,815	27.0%
Variable costs	454,249		354,397		(28.2)%
Last-in first-out inventory adjustment	6,741		1,234		NM*
Manufacturing fixed costs1	46,402		40,123		(15.6)%
Selling, general and administrative costs1	38,461		33,638		(14.3)%
Other2	2,164		1,066		(103.0)%
EBITDA from ongoing operations	$	50,958	$	41,357	23.2%
Depreciation & amortization	(16,640)		(17,722)		6.1%
EBIT from ongoing operations3	$	34,318	$	23,635	45.2%
Capital expenditures	$	15,392	$	10,097
1.Excludes related depreciation and amortization 2.Includes segment allocated employee compensation benefit expenses 3.See the reconciliation below of this non-GAAP measure to the most comparable measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. *Not meaningful (“NM”)

Net sales in 2025 increased 27.0% versus 2024 primarily due to higher sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs. Sales volume increased 12.9% versus 2024.

EBITDA from ongoing operations increased $9.6 million in 2025 versus 2024, primarily due to:

•A $27.3 million increase in contribution margin associated with:

◦Higher volume ($14.6 million), favorable pricing ($5.6 million) and lower manufacturing costs associated with material yield ($0.8 million favorable in 2025 versus $0.5 million favorable in 2024), partially offset by: higher labor rates ($3.1 million); unfavorable productivity ($1.2 million); higher maintenance and supply expense, partially due to the impact of tariffs and severe weather and downed equipment in the first half of 2025 ($2.2 million); higher expense for externally produced billet associated with the increase in volume ($0.9 million); higher die expense associated with timing of purchases and increasing volumes ($1.0 million), and higher utilities ($0.9 million); and

◦The timing of the flow-through under the FIFO method of aluminum raw material costs, which were previously acquired in a quickly changing commodity pricing environment, causing a temporary mismatch in the change in the cost of raw materials included in variable costs and the pass through to customers included in sales, resulted in a benefit of $8.7 million in 2025 versus a benefit of $0.1 million in 2024.

•Inventories accounted for under the LIFO method resulted in a net benefit of $2.6 million in 2025 compared to a net benefit of $0.1 million in 2024 due to a favorable current cost adjustment associated with higher metal prices ($9.3 million benefit in 2025 and $1.3 million benefit in 2024), partially offset by a corresponding increase in the LIFO reserve, which resulted in a charge of $6.7 million in 2025 versus a charge of $1.2 million in 2024.

•Higher fixed costs primarily associated with wage increases and compensation-related costs ($2.9 million), higher maintenance and utilities expenses ($1.5 million) and added resources to support increasing volume ($1.2 million).

•Higher SG&A expenses primarily due to employee-related compensation ($3.2 million), employee training and onboarding expense ($0.5 million) and routine environmental compliance expense ($0.3 million).

•Higher other expense for employee-related medical costs caused by an increase in the number of high-cost medical claims versus favorable experience in recent years ($1.1 million). The Company is self-insured for medical claims with stop loss coverage for claims of over $0.3 million.

Given recent increased geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, Aluminum Extrusions is monitoring potential implications for the availability of certain aluminum‑related raw materials in 2026 and evaluating whether diversifying its sourcing may be warranted. Aluminum Extrusions maintains robust supply agreements that support the continuity of aluminum and other key cost components. See discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk in Item 7A in this Form 10-K for additional information on aluminum price trends.

Projected Capital Expenditures and Depreciation & Amortization

Capital expenditures for Bonnell Aluminum are projected to be $20 million in 2026, including $7 million for productivity projects and $13 million for capital expenditures required to support continuity of operations. Depreciation expense is projected to be $14 million in 2026. Amortization expense is projected to be $2 million in 2026. The Company anticipates capital spending to increase from the levels of the past two years and return to a pattern more closely aligned with depreciation and amortization, consistent with long-term historical patterns. This approach supports ongoing maintenance and efficiency initiatives while maintaining disciplined capital allocation.

High Performance Films

A summary of results for High Performance Films is provided below:


	Year Ended				Favorable/
(In thousands, except percentages)	December 31,				(Unfavorable)
	2025		2024		% Change
Sales volume (lbs)	38,328		39,324		(2.5)%
Net sales	$	99,756	$	105,199	(5.2)%
Variable costs	46,596		50,289		7.3%
LIFO inventory adjustment	212		(174)		NM*
Manufacturing fixed costs1	14,134		13,248		(6.7)%
Selling, general and administrative costs1	11,618		11,245		(3.3)%
Other2	59		105		43.8%
EBITDA from ongoing operations	$	27,137	$	30,486	(11.0)%
Depreciation & amortization	(4,895)		(5,200)		5.9%
EBIT from ongoing operations3	$	22,242	$	25,286	(12.0)%
Capital expenditures	$	1,849	$	1,761
1.Excludes related depreciation and amortization 2.Includes segment allocated employee compensation benefit expenses 3.See the reconciliation below of this non-GAAP measure to the most comparable measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. *Not meaningful (“NM”)

Net sales in 2025 decreased 5.2% versus 2024 due to a decrease of 4% in sales volume in 2025 for surface protection films versus 2024. Advanced packaging films volume decreased 1%.

EBITDA from ongoing operations in 2025 decreased $3.3 million versus 2024 primarily due to:

•Lower contribution margin of $1.8 million resulting from:

◦A $1.0 million decrease from Surface Protection associated with lower volume, unfavorable mix and favorable pricing ($4.5 million), partially offset by variable cost savings and operating efficiencies ($3.1 million) and the pass-through lag associated with resin costs (a charge of $0.2 million in 2025 versus a charge of $0.7 in 2024); and

◦A $0.8 million decrease from advanced packaging films associated with lower volume, unfavorable shift in sales mix and unfavorable pricing ($1.0 million) and unfavorable operating efficiencies ($0.5 million), partially offset by variable cost savings ($0.5 million) and the pass-through lag associated with resin costs (a charge of $0.1 million in 2025 versus a charge of $0.3 million in 2024).

•Inventories accounted for under the LIFO method that resulted in a charge of $0.2 million in 2025 versus a benefit of $0.2 million in 2024.

•Higher fixed costs primarily associated with wage increases and compensation-related costs ($0.9 million).

•Lower SG&A of $0.2 million primarily due to lower administrative costs.

•A foreign currency transaction loss of $0.3 million in 2025 versus a gain of $0.3 million in 2024.

See discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk in Item 7A in this Form 10-K for additional information on resin price trends.

Projected Capital Expenditures and Depreciation & Amortization

Capital expenditures for High Performance Films are projected to be $3 million in 2026, including $1 million for productivity projects and $2 million for capital expenditures required to support continuity of current operations. Depreciation expense is projected to be $4 million in 2026. There is no amortization expense for High Performance Films.

Corporate Expenses and Interest

Corporate expenses, net in 2025 increased by $0.9 million compared to 2024, primarily due to higher professional fees associated with business development activities ($5.9 million) and higher stock based compensation ($0.5 million), partially offset by lower employee-related incentive compensation ($2.1 million), a gain on the sale of corporate owned land ($1.5 million), lower internal and external audit fees ($0.9 million), lower professional fees associated with remediation activities related to internal control over financial reporting ($0.3 million) and lower professional fees associated with the transition to the ABL Facility (as defined below) ($0.2 million). The Company does not expect significant expenses from business development activities in 2026.

Interest expense was $4.0 million in 2025 in comparison to $4.7 million in 2024, primarily due to lower weighted average total debt outstanding and lower interest rates, partially offset by the write-off of deferred financing fees related to the May 2025 amendment to the ABL Facility of $0.8 million.

Reconciliation of Net Sales and EBITDA from Ongoing Operations by Segment

A reconciliation of segment financial information to consolidated results for the Company for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 is shown below:


	Year Ended
	December 31,
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023
Net Sales
Aluminum Extrusions	$	598,975	$	471,815	$	474,803
High Performance Films	99,756		105,199		76,763
Total net sales	698,731		577,014		551,566
Add back freight	24,133		21,011		21,757
Sales as shown in the condensed consolidated statements of income	$	722,864	$	598,025	$	573,323

EBITDA from Ongoing Operations
Aluminum Extrusions:
Ongoing operations:




EBITDA	$	50,958	$	41,357	$	37,976
Depreciation & amortization	(16,640)		(17,722)		(17,927)
EBIT	34,318		23,635		20,049
Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other	(2,803)		(5,346)		(3,557)
Goodwill impairment	—		(13,271)		—
High Performance Films:
Ongoing operations:




EBITDA	$	27,137	$	30,486	$	11,217
Depreciation & amortization	(4,895)		(5,200)		(6,522)
EBIT	22,242		25,286		4,695
Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other	13		(420)		(4,972)
Goodwill impairment	—		—		(34,891)
Total	53,770		29,884		(18,676)
Interest income	36		36		514
Interest expense	4,003		4,664		6,316
Gain on investment in kaleo, Inc.	—		144		262
Stock option-based compensation costs	—		—		231
OPEB termination gain	6,265		—		—
Pension settlement loss	—		—		92,291
Corporate expenses, net	25,399		24,520		33,727
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	30,669		880		(150,465)
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,584		(165)		(51,300)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	24,085		1,045		(99,165)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	9,391		(65,610)		(6,740)
Net income (loss)	$	33,476	$	(64,565)	$	(105,905)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company continues to focus on working capital management. Measures such as days sales outstanding (“DSO”), days inventory outstanding (“DIO”) and days payables outstanding (“DPO”) are used to evaluate changes in working capital. Changes in operating assets and liabilities from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 are summarized below. Cash flows for discontinued operations have not been separately disclosed in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

•Accounts and other receivables increased $17.0 million or 26.2%.

◦Accounts and other receivables in Aluminum Extrusions increased $17.3 million primarily due to higher sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs. DSO (computed using trailing 12 months net sales and a rolling 12-

month average of accounts and other receivables balances) was approximately 44.8 days in 2025 and 44.7 days in 2024.

◦Accounts and other receivables in High Performance Films decreased $0.1 million primarily due to lower sales volume in surface protection films. DSO was approximately 25.4 days in 2025 and 24.9 days in 2024.

•Inventories increased $13.6 million or 26.4%.

◦Inventories in Aluminum Extrusions increased $12.7 million primarily due to the timing of raw material purchases and higher metal costs. DIO (computed using trailing 12 months costs of goods sold calculated on a FIFO basis and a rolling 12-month average of inventory balances calculated on the FIFO basis) was approximately 48.8 days in 2025 and 47.4 days in 2024.

◦Inventories in High Performance Films increased $0.9 million due to higher raw materials and finished goods. The DIO was approximately 54.6 days in 2025 and 50.3 days in 2024.

•Net property, plant and equipment decreased by $4.1 million or 3.0% primarily due to depreciation expense ($20.0 million) and production equipment impairment ($0.8 million), partially offset by capital expenditures ($17.1 million).

•Identifiable intangible assets, net decreased by $1.8 million or 24.0% primarily due to amortization expense.

•Deferred income tax assets, net decreased $6.2 million or 18.9% primarily due to a decrease in tax credit carryforwards and a decrease in deferred tax assets related to divestitures and employee benefits. The decrease in these deferred tax assets was partially offset by a decrease in deferred tax liabilities related to property, plant and equipment. See Note 11 “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for additional information.

•Accounts payable increased by $11.1 million or 17.1%.

◦Accounts payable in Aluminum Extrusions increased $12.0 million, primarily due to the timing of payments and higher metal costs. DPO (computed using trailing 12 months costs of goods sold calculated on a FIFO basis and a rolling 12-month average of accounts payable balances) was approximately 46.6 days in 2025 and 44.5 days in 2024.

◦Accounts payable in High Performance Films decreased $1.2 million, primarily due to the timing of payments. The DPO was approximately 40.6 days in 2025 and 41.3 days in 2024.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $33.0 million in 2025 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $25.5 million in 2024. The change in operating activities is primarily due to an increase in EBITDA from ongoing operations of the Company’s continuing business segments, partially offset by higher working capital.

Net cash used in investing activities was $5.5 million in 2025 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $40.5 million in 2024. The change in investing activities is primarily due to lower net cash proceeds received for the sale of Terphane ($44.8 million) and higher capital expenditures ($2.9 million), partially offset by higher proceeds from the sale of assets ($1.9 million).

Net cash used in financing activities was $28.2 million in 2025 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $65.0 million in 2024. The change in financing activities is primarily due to lower debt principal payments, net of borrowings ($37.5 million) under the ABL Facility, partially offset by higher debt financing fees ($0.7 million).

At December 31, 2025, Tredegar had cash and cash equivalents of $6.7 million, including funds held in locations outside the U.S. of $1.9 million.

Debt and Credit Agreements

ABL Facility

In May 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 5 (“Amendment No. 5”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "ABL Facility"), which provides the Company with a $125 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility. The ABL Facility is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries, including equity in certain material first-tier foreign subsidiaries. Availability for borrowings under the ABL Facility is governed by a borrowing base, determined by the application of specified advance rates against eligible assets, including a portion of trade accounts receivable, inventory, cash and cash equivalents, and owned machinery and equipment. Amendment No. 5 extended the maturity date of the ABL Facility to May 6, 2030. As of December 31, 2025, funds available to borrow under the ABL Facility was $87.5 million, or 70.0% of the aggregate commitment of $125 million. During 2025, the Company's letters of credit have been reduced from approximately $12 million to $3 million, which directly increases the Company's borrowing availability.

(y) $10 million and will continue until availability is equal to or greater than the greater of (x) 10% of the Line Cap and (y) $10 million for 30 consecutive days, as long as no events of default are continuing.

The computation of Credit EBITDA and fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined in the ABL Facility, is presented below.


Computations of Credit EBITDA (as defined in the ABL Facility) as of and for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2025 *
Computations of Credit EBITDA for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 (in thousands):
Net income (loss)	$	33,476
Plus:
After-tax losses related to discontinued operations	—
Total income tax expense for continuing operations	6,584
Interest expense	4,003
Depreciation and amortization expense for continuing operations	21,729
All non-cash losses and expenses, plus cash losses and expenses not to exceed $10,000, for continuing operations that are classified as unusual, extraordinary or which are related to plant shutdowns, asset impairments and/or restructurings (cash-related of $8,913)	9,756
Charges related to stock option grants and awards accounted for under the fair value-based method	—
Losses related to the application of the equity method of accounting	—
Losses related to adjustments in the estimated fair value of assets accounted for under the fair value method of accounting	—
Fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the amendment process (Amendment No. 3 “ABL Transition”)	290
Fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the amendment process (Amendment No. 5)	—
Minus:
After-tax income related to discontinued operations	(9,391)
Total income tax benefits for continuing operations	—
Interest income	(36)
All non-cash gains and income, plus cash gains and income in excess of $10,000, for continuing operations that are classified as unusual, extraordinary or which are related to plant shutdowns, asset impairments and/or restructurings	(6,265)
Income related to changes in estimates for stock option grants and awards accounted for under the fair value-based method	—
Income related to the application of the equity method of accounting	—
Income related to adjustments in the estimated fair value of assets accounted for under the fair value method of accounting	—
Plus or minus, as applicable, pro forma EBITDA adjustments associated with acquisitions and asset dispositions	—
Credit EBITDA	$	60,146
Fixed charge coverage ratio**:
Credit EBITDA	$	60,146
Unfinanced capital expenditures	$	17,241
Fixed charges	$	4,626
Fixed charge coverage ratio	9.28
Credit EBITDA is not intended to represent net income (loss) or cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to either net income (loss) or to cash flow. * Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is computed as the ratio of (a) Credit EBITDA minus Unfinanced Capital Expenditures to (b) Fixed Charges.

High Performance Films Guangzhou Loan

In October 2025, High Performance Films' business location in Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou Tredegar Film Products Co., Ltd. (“Guangzhou Tredegar”), entered into a 3.5 million Chinese Yuan, which is equivalent to $0.5 million as of December 31, 2025, unsecured revolving loan with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. The loan matures on October 20, 2026. The interest rate is the one-year loan prime rate published by the National Interbank Funding Center for the working day immediately preceding the drawdown date, minus 0.55%. As of December 31, 2025, the National Interbank Funding Center rate was 3.00%. The financial covenants require that the total amount of Guangzhou Tredegar’s current liabilities cannot exceed 50% of the total amount of current assets and the short-term financing amount cannot exceed 50% of Guangzhou Tredegar’s total sales.

In June 2024, Guangzhou Tredegar entered into a 9.5 million Chinese Yuan revolving loan with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. This loan matured on July 3, 2025. The interest rate was the one year loan prime rate published by the National Interbank Funding Center for the working day immediately preceding the drawdown date, minus 0.45%. As of December 31, 2025, there was no outstanding loan balance. The revolving loan was secured by a mortgage contract listing the Guangzhou Tredegar factory building as collateral. The mortgage was cancelled during the fourth quarter of 2025.

Each Guangzhou Tredegar loan, as applicable, was presented as current debt on the consolidated balance sheet for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

For more information on the ABL Facility and the High Performance Films Guangzhou Loan, see Note 7 “Debt and Credit Agreements” to the consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.

The Company believes that existing borrowing availability, current cash balances and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to satisfy short term material cash requirements related to working capital, capital expenditure, and debt repayments for at least the next 12 months. In the longer term, liquidity will depend on many factors, including the results of operations, the timing and extent of capital expenditures, changes in operating plans, or other events that would cause the Company to seek additional financing in future periods.

Material Cash Requirements for Known Contractual and Other Obligations

The Company’s material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:

Debt and interest payments

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding debt under the ABL Facility of $34.6 million with contractual payments due in May 2030. Estimated future interest payments associated with the ABL Facility total $8.4 million, with $1.9 million payable within the next 12 months.

As of December 31, 2025, High Performance Films had outstanding debt of $0.5 million under the High Performance Films Guangzhou Loan. Estimated future interest payments associated with the High Performance Films Guangzhou Loan payable within the next 12 months are immaterial.

Capital expenditure commitments

See “Projected Capital Expenditures and Depreciation & Amortization” within “Segment Operations Overview” above in this Item 7 for discussion of the Company’s planned investment in capital expenditures in 2025, of which $15.8 million are contractual commitments that existed as of December 31, 2025.

Operating Leases

The Company enters into various operating leases primarily for real estate, office equipment and vehicles. See Note 4 “Leases” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for additional information.

Uncertain Tax Positions

As of December 31, 2025, there were no unrecognized tax benefits on uncertain tax positions. See Note 11 “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for additional information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no material off-balance sheet arrangements that have had or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

From time to time, the Company enters into transactions with third parties in connection with the sale of assets or businesses in which it agrees to indemnify the buyers or third parties involved in the transaction, or the sellers or third parties

involved in the transaction agree to indemnify Tredegar, for certain liabilities or risks related to the assets or business. Also, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may enter into agreements with third parties for the sale of goods or services that may contain indemnification provisions. In the event that an indemnification claim is asserted, liability for indemnification would be subject to an assessment of the underlying facts and circumstances under the terms of the applicable agreement. Further, any indemnification payments may be limited or barred by a monetary cap, a time limitation, or a deductible or basket. For these reasons, the Company is unable to estimate the maximum potential amount of the potential future liability under the indemnity provisions of these agreements. Tredegar does, however, accrue for losses for any known contingent liability, including those that may arise from indemnification provisions, when future payment is probable and the amount is reasonably estimable. The Company discloses contingent liabilities if the probability of loss is reasonably possible and material.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Certain accounting policies, as described below, are considered "critical accounting policies" because they are particularly dependent on estimates made by management about matters that are inherently uncertain and could have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Estimates and judgments are based on historical experience, forecasted events and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions. A summary of all of our significant accounting policies is included in Note 1 “Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15.

Impairment of Goodwill

The Company assesses goodwill for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, or, at a minimum, on an annual basis (December 1st of each year). When assessing goodwill for impairment, accounting guidance allows the Company to first perform a qualitative assessment (“Step 0 analysis”), which evaluates certain qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company and reporting unit factors. If the Company's Step 0 analysis indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company would perform a quantitative impairment test (“Step 1 analysis”).

As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s reporting unit with goodwill was Surface Protection in High Performance Films. The Company’s Step 0 analysis as of December 1, 2025 of this reporting unit concluded that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. Therefore, the Step 1 quantitative goodwill impairment test for this reporting unit was not necessary as of December 1, 2025.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, Surface Protection had goodwill of $22.4 million.

During 2024, customers of the Aluminum Extrusions’ Clearfield, Utah operation ("Clearfield") acquired as “Futura” in February 2017 continued to seek supply from other sources to meet their demand, including imports. However, in 2024, Clearfield continued to experience a resurgence in customer volumes that had declined due to the pandemic, albeit not at the speed and profit level that was previously projected. The recovery has been slower than previously anticipated, and is not trending back to previous Company expectations to replicate the EBITDA and net cash flow generation that existed prior to the pandemic-related disruptions and influx of imports.

As a consequence, the Company performed a goodwill impairment analysis during the fourth quarter of 2024 using Clearfield projections that assume the continuation of lower margin business. Since the estimated fair value of Clearfield fell below its carrying value by more than the amount of goodwill, the Company recognized a non-cash write-off of goodwill of $13.3 million ($10.4 million after deferred income tax benefits) associated with Clearfield.

The Company estimated the fair value of Clearfield by: (i) computing an estimated enterprise value (“EV”) utilizing the discounted cash flow method (the “DCF Method”), and (ii) adding cash and cash equivalents. Key financial assumptions utilized to determine the fair value of the reporting unit include sales volume and sales price growth projections.

See Note 1 “Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for additional information on the analysis of goodwill impairment.

Income Taxes

Tredegar may be required to change its provision for income taxes when estimates used in determining valuation allowances on deferred tax assets significantly change, or when new information indicates the need for adjustment in valuation allowances. Additionally, future events, such as changes in tax laws, tax regulations, or interpretations of such laws or regulations, could have an impact on the provision for income tax and the effective tax rate. Any such changes could significantly affect the amounts reported in the financial statements in the year these changes occur.

See Note 11 “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for additional information on income taxes.

Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Tredegar has exposure to the volatility of interest rates, polyethylene resin prices, aluminum ingot and scrap prices, energy prices, foreign currencies and emerging markets. See Liquidity and Capital Resources regarding interest rate exposures related to borrowings under the ABL Facility.

Profit margins in Aluminum Extrusions are sensitive to fluctuations in aluminum ingot and scrap prices as well as natural gas prices (natural gas is the principal energy source used to operate its casting furnaces). Changes in polyethylene resin prices and the timing of those changes could have a significant impact on profit margins in High Performance Films. There is no assurance of the Company’s ability to pass through higher raw material and energy costs to its customers.

The purchase price of raw materials fluctuates on a monthly basis; therefore, Aluminum Extrusions pricing policies generally allow the Company to pass the underlying index cost of aluminum and certain alloys through to the vast majority of our customers so that we remain substantially neutral to metal pricing. In the normal course of business, Aluminum Extrusions enters into fixed-price forward sales contracts with certain customers for the sale of fixed quantities of aluminum extrusions at scheduled intervals. In order to hedge its exposure to aluminum price volatility (see the chart below) under these fixed-price arrangements, which generally have a duration of not more than 12 months, the Company enters into a combination of forward purchase commitments and futures contracts to acquire or hedge aluminum, based on the scheduled deliveries. See Note 9 “Derivatives” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 for additional information.

The volatility of quarterly average aluminum prices is shown in the chart below.


Source: Quarterly averages computed by the Company using daily Midwest average prices provided by Platts.

The volatility of quarterly average natural gas prices is shown in the chart below.


Source: Quarterly averages computed by Tredegar using monthly NYMEX settlement prices.

The volatility of average quarterly prices of polyethylene resin in the U.S. (a primary raw material for High Performance Films products) is shown in the chart below:


Source: Quarterly averages computed by Tredegar using monthly data provided by IHS, Inc. In January 2023, IHS reflected a 41 cents per pound non-market adjustment based on their estimate of the growth of discounts in the prior periods. The 4th quarter 2022 average rate of $0.60 per pound is shown on a pro forma basis as if the non-market adjustment was made in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The price of resin is driven by several factors, including supply and demand and the price of oil, ethylene and natural gas. Selling prices to customers are set considering numerous factors, including the expected volatility of resin prices. In certain situations, High Performance Films has index-based pass-through raw material cost arrangements with customers. However, under certain agreements, changes in resin prices are not passed through for a period of 90 days or more. In response to unprecedented cost increases and supply issues for polyethylene and polypropylene resin, Tredegar Surface Protection implemented a quarterly resin cost pass-through mechanism, effective July 1, 2021, for all products and customers not previously covered by such arrangements. Pricing on the remainder of the business is based upon raw material costs and supply/demand dynamics within the markets in which the Company competes.

The Company sells to customers in foreign markets through its foreign operations and through exports from U.S. plants. The percentage of sales and total assets for manufacturing operations related to foreign markets for 2025, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:


Tredegar Corporation Percentage of Consolidated Net Sales and Total Assets Related to Foreign Markets
	2025			2024			2023
	% of Total		% Total Assets - Foreign Operations	% of Total		% Total Assets - Foreign Operations	% of Total		% Total Assets -Foreign Operations
	Net Sales			Net Sales			Net Sales
	Exports From U.S.	Foreign Operations		Exports From U.S.	Foreign Operations		Exports From U.S.	Foreign Operations
Canada	2	—	—	2	—	—	2	—	—

Latin America	1	—	—	1	—	—	1	—	—
Asia	6	—	2	8	—	2	5	—	3
Total	9	—	2	11	—	2	8	—	3

Tredegar attempts to match the pricing and cost of its products in the same currency and generally views the volatility of foreign currencies and the corresponding impact on earnings and cash flow as part of the overall risk of operating in a global environment (for additional information, see trends for the Chinese Yuan in the chart below). Exports from the U.S. are generally denominated in U.S. Dollars. The Company’s foreign currency exposure on income from continuing foreign operations relates to the Chinese Yuan.

High Performance Films is generally able to match the currency of its sales and costs for its product lines. Tredegar estimates that the change in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar on High Performance Films had an unfavorable impact on EBITDA from ongoing operations in High Performance Films of $0.6 million in 2025 compared to 2024.

Trends for the Chinese Yuan are shown in the chart below:


Source: Quarterly averages computed by Tredegar using daily closing data provided by Bloomberg.

Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The information required by this Item 8 is set forth in Item 15 and is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In connection with the preparation of this Form 10-K, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company carried out an evaluation with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2025.

Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2025, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).

Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

Director and Officer Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended December 31, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.

PART III

Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information concerning directors and persons nominated to become directors of Tredegar to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Proposal 1: Election of Directors” and “Tredegar’s Board of Directors” is incorporated herein by reference.

The information concerning corporate governance to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Board Meetings, Meetings of Independent Directors and Board Committees” and “Corporate Governance and Risk Oversight” is incorporated herein by reference.

Set forth below are the names, ages and titles of the Company’s executive officers:

Name

Age

Title

Arijit (Bapi) DasGupta

President and Chief Executive Officer

Frasier W. Brickhouse, II

Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Kevin C. Donnelly

Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

Arijit (Bapi) DasGupta. Dr. DasGupta was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of Tredegar effective January 1, 2026. Dr. DasGupta also continues to hold the position of President of Tredegar’s High Performance Films division, a role he has occupied since 2015 after previously serving as its Vice President. Prior to joining Tredegar in 2007, Dr. DasGupta held leadership positions at Johns Manville Corporation, Solutia, Inc. (acquired by Eastman Chemical Company) and Monsanto Company. Dr. DasGupta has a Ph.D. and Master of Science in polymer science from the University of Akron, Ohio, an Executive MBA from the Olin School of Business at Washington University, St. Louis and a Bachelor of Science in chemistry from the University of Bombay, India.

Frasier W. Brickhouse, II. Mr. Brickhouse was appointed Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, effective January 1, 2026. Mr. Brickhouse joined Tredegar in 1993 and was appointed Corporate Controller in 2009 and Treasurer in 2016. He previously served in various treasury, accounting and financial planning roles within Tredegar. Prior to joining Tredegar, Mr. Brickhouse spent five years in various positions of increasing responsibility with Coopers & Lybrand (predecessor to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP). Mr. Brickhouse received a Master of Business Administration and a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Accounting, from the University of Richmond. He is a CPA licensed in Virginia.

Kevin C. Donnelly. Mr. Donnelly was elected Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary effective January 1, 2025. He joined Tredegar in 2010 as Assistant General Counsel. He was promoted to Associate General Counsel in 2013, and he served in that capacity until 2021, when he became Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. Prior to joining Tredegar, Mr. Donnelly was an associate at Hunton & Williams LLP (now Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP). He received a B.A. degree from the University of Richmond and a J.D. from the University of Virginia.

Tredegar has a Code of Conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers and employees (including its chief executive officer, chief financial officer and principal accounting officer) and has posted the Code of Conduct on its website. All amendments to or waivers from any provision of the Company’s Code of Conduct applicable to the chief executive officer, chief financial officer or principal accounting officer or persons performing similar functions will be disclosed on the Company’s website. The Company’s internet address is www.tredegar.com.

Tredegar has an insider trading policy governing the purchase, sale and other dispositions of Tredegar’s securities that applies to all personnel of Tredegar and its subsidiaries, including directors, officers and employees and other covered persons. Tredegar believes that its insider trading policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, as well as applicable listing standards. A copy of Tredegar’s insider trading policy is filed as Exhibit 19 to this Form 10-K. In addition, with regard Tredegar’s trading in its own securities, it is Tredegar’s policy to comply with the federal securities laws and the applicable listing standards.

Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Compensation of Directors,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation Committee Report,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “CEO Pay Ratio Disclosure” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Stock Ownership” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information to be included in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions,” “Tredegar’s Board of Directors” and “Board Meetings, Meetings of Independent Directors and Board Committees” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Our independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP, Richmond, Virginia, Audit Firm ID: 185.

The following is incorporated herein by reference:

•Information on accounting fees and services to be included in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Audit and Non-Audit Fees;” and

•Information on the Audit Committee’s procedures for pre-approving certain audit and non-audit services to be included in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Audit and Non-Audit Fees.”

PART IV

Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES


(a)	List of documents filed as a part of the report:
(1)	Financial statements:
	Tredegar Corporation
	Index to Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
		Page
	Auditors’ Opinions:
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	31
	Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting	33
	Financial Statements:
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	34
	Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)	35
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	36
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	37
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity	38
	Notes to Financial Statements	39
(2)	Financial statement schedules:
	None
(3)	Exhibit Index	65

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors

Tredegar Corporation:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tredegar Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), cashflows, and shareholders’ equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 11, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Sufficiency of audit evidence over sales

As discussed in Notes 1 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded approximately $722,864 thousand of sales during the year ended December 31, 2025. Sales are recognized by the sale of finished products to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the product is transferred to customers, along with the title, risk of loss and rewards of ownership. Depending on the arrangement with the customer, these criteria are met either at the time the product is shipped or when the product is made available or delivered to the destination specified in the agreement with the customer. The processing and recording of sales is decentralized across multiple locations and is reliant on multiple information technology (IT) systems.

We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over sales as a critical audit matter. Subjective auditor judgment was required to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over the Company’s locations because of the number of IT applications, the decentralized nature of the sales generating activities, and the need to involve IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over sales, including determining the locations at which those

procedures were to be performed. For each location where procedures were performed, we evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s revenue recognition processes, including the controls over the accurate recording of revenue transactions. We involved IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in testing certain general IT controls and application controls, including IT system-generated reports used by the Company in its revenue recognition processes. At certain locations, we selected a sample of transactions and compared the amounts recognized to relevant cash receipts as well as underlying documentation such as contracts, purchase orders, shipping documents, or other third-party evidence. At certain locations, we performed software-assisted data analysis to test relationships among certain revenue transactions. At the locations we performed software-assisted data analysis, we also tested certain transactions and compared the amounts recognized by the Company to relevant cash receipts as well as underlying documentation such as contracts, purchase orders, shipping documents, or other third-party evidence. We evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of procedures performed, including the appropriateness of the nature and extent of such evidence.

/s/KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

Richmond, Virginia

March 11, 2026

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors

Tredegar Corporation:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Tredegar Corporation and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the related consolidated statements of income (loss), comprehensive income (loss), cash flows, and shareholders’ equity, for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated March 11, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/KPMG LLP

Richmond, Virginia

March 11, 2026

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries


	December 31
	2025		2024
(In thousands, except share data)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,729	$	7,062

Accounts and other receivables, net	81,811		64,817
Income taxes recoverable	47		—
Inventories	64,962		51,381
Prepaid expenses and other	15,525		16,567

Total current assets	169,074		139,827
Property, plant and equipment, at cost:
Land and land improvements	4,294		4,740
Buildings	68,184		67,871
Machinery and equipment	436,952		426,815
Total property, plant and equipment	509,430		499,426
Less: accumulated depreciation	(376,455)		(362,394)
Net property, plant and equipment	132,975		137,032
Right-of-use leased assets	12,764		14,635
Identifiable intangible assets, net	5,568		7,326
Goodwill	22,446		22,446
Deferred income tax assets	26,277		32,517
Other assets	2,268		2,448
Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations	—		126
Total assets	$	371,372	$	356,357
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	75,754	$	64,704
Accrued expenses	25,411		22,168
Lease liability, short-term	2,263		2,453
Short-term debt	498		1,322

Income taxes payable	455		320
Current liabilities of discontinued operations	—		741
Total current liabilities	104,381		91,708
Lease liability, long-term	10,960		12,993
ABL revolving facility	34,550		60,600
Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, net	1,196		5,914
Deferred income tax liabilities	—		69
Other non-current liabilities	3,731		4,105

Total liabilities	154,818		175,389
Contingencies (Note 14)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, no par value (authorized 150,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding— 34,737,534 shares at December 31, 2025 and 34,661,272 at December 31, 2024)	65,477		63,590
Common stock held in trust for savings restoration plan (118,542 shares at December 31, 2025 and 118,543 shares at December 31, 2024)	(2,233)		(2,233)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	5,566		5,105
Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments	1,071		268
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments	(215)		826
Retained earnings	146,888		113,412
Total shareholders’ equity	216,554		180,968
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	371,372	$	356,357

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)

Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries


	Years Ended December 31
	2025		2024		2023
(In thousands, except share data)
Revenues and other:
Sales	$	722,864	$	598,025	$	573,323
Other income (expense), net	1,399		(952)		(2,149)
	724,263		597,073		571,174
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold	589,321		480,958		480,440
Freight	24,133		21,011		21,757
Selling, general and administrative	79,030		72,970		65,388
Research and development	702		711		2,894
Amortization of identifiable intangibles	1,758		1,778		1,758
Pension and postretirement benefits	57		217		10,844
Interest expense	4,003		4,664		6,316
Asset impairments and costs associated with exit and disposal activities, net of adjustments	855		613		5,060
OPEB termination gain	(6,265)		—		—
Pension settlement loss	—		—		92,291
Goodwill impairment	—		13,271		34,891
Total	693,594		596,193		721,639
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	30,669		880		(150,465)
Income tax expense (benefit)	6,584		(165)		(51,300)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	24,085		1,045		(99,165)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	9,391		(65,610)		(6,740)
Net income (loss)	$	33,476	$	(64,565)	$	(105,905)

Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic
Continuing operations	$	0.69	$	0.03	$	(2.91)
Discontinued operations	0.27		(1.91)		(0.19)
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.96	$	(1.88)	$	(3.10)
Diluted
Continuing operations	$	0.69	$	0.03	$	(2.91)
Discontinued operations	0.27		(1.91)		(0.19)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.96	$	(1.88)	$	(3.10)

Shares used to compute earnings (loss) per share:
Basic	34,735		34,346		34,133
Diluted	34,735		34,346		34,133

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries


	Years Ended December 31
	2025		2024		2023
(In thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	33,476	$	(64,565)	$	(105,905)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment ($0 tax in 2025, net of tax expense of $0 in 2024 and net of tax expense of $469 in 2023)	461		(295)		3,042
Reclassification of foreign currency translation loss realized on the sale of Terphane (net of tax expense $601)	—		88,437		—
Derivative financial instruments adjustment (net of tax expense of $220 in 2025, net of tax expense of $85 in 2024 and net of tax expense of $933 in 2023)	803		755		3,281
Reclassification of derivative financial instruments loss realized on the sale of Terphane (net of tax benefit $1,209)	—		(1,288)		—
Pension & other postretirement benefit adjustments:
Recognized actuarial gain on the other postretirement benefits termination in 2025 and recognition in earnings of actuarial loss for pension settlement in 2023 (net of tax benefit of $454 in 2025 and net of tax expense of $41,294 on 2023)	(794)		—		50,997
Net gains (losses) and prior service costs (net of tax benefit of $13 in 2025, net of tax expense of $109 in 2024 and net of tax expense of $422 in 2023)	(48)		397		1,513
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses (net of tax benefit of $56 in 2025, net of tax benefit of $31 in 2024 and net of tax expense of $1,968 in 2023)	(199)		(110)		7,065
Other comprehensive income (loss)	223		87,896		65,898
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	33,699	$	23,331	$	(40,007)

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries


	Years Ended December 31
	2025		2024		2023
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	33,476	$	(64,565)	$	(105,905)
Adjustments for noncash items:
Depreciation	19,971		23,681		25,786
Amortization of identifiable intangibles	1,758		1,856		1,897
Goodwill impairment	—		13,271		34,891
Reduction of right-of-use lease asset	2,115		2,259		2,220
Deferred income taxes	6,224		(8,202)		(56,098)
Accrued pension and postretirement benefits	161		217		10,844
OPEB termination gain	(6,265)		—		—
Pension settlement loss	—		—		92,291
Stock-based compensation expense	1,808		2,498		1,978
Gain on investment in kaléo	—		(144)		(262)
(Gain) loss on sale of divested business	(9,657)		74,877		—
Production equipment asset impairment	843		—		—
Gain on the sale of assets	(1,497)		—		—
Impairment of Richmond, Virginia Technical Center assets	—		—		3,454
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts and other receivables	(16,992)		(14,785)		17,400
Inventories	(13,563)		(6,911)		47,607
Income taxes recoverable/payable	89		137		(406)
Prepaid expenses and other	2,068		(7,174)		1,204
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	13,568		10,009		(25,165)
Lease liability	(2,422)		(2,749)		(2,299)
Pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions	(557)		(587)		(28,269)
Other, net	1,849		1,820		2,827
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	32,977		25,508		23,995
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(17,241)		(14,347)		(26,446)
Proceeds from the sale of kaléo	—		144		262
Net proceeds on sale of divested business	9,835		54,631		—
Proceeds from the sale of assets	1,904		83		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(5,502)		40,511		(26,184)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings	123,390		615,201		116,134
Debt principal payments	(150,273)		(679,590)		(107,713)
Dividends paid	—		—		(8,884)
Debt financing costs	(1,272)		(587)		(4,021)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities:	(28,155)		(64,976)		(4,484)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	347		(7,436)		896
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(333)		(6,393)		(5,777)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	7,062		13,455		19,232
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	6,729	$	7,062	$	13,455
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest payments	$	3,901	$	13,524	$	10,499
Income tax payments, net	$	3,358	$	12,228	$	2,282

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries


	Common Stock			Retained Earnings		Trust for Savings Restoration Plan		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share and per-share data)	Shares	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2023	34,000,642	$	58,824	$	292,721	$	(2,188)	$	(147,595)	$	201,762
Net income (loss)	—	—		(105,905)		—		—		(105,905)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		3,042		3,042
Derivative financial instruments adjustment	—	—		—		—		3,281		3,281
Net gains or (losses) and prior service costs	—	—		—		—		1,513		1,513
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses	—	—		—		—		7,065		7,065
Recognition in earnings of net actuarial loss for pension settlement	—	—		—		—		50,997		50,997
Cash dividends declared ($0.26 per share)	—	—		(8,884)		—		—		(8,884)
Stock-based compensation expense	407,996	3,036		—		—		—		3,036
Repurchase of employee common stock for tax withholdings	—	(254)		—		—		—		(254)

Tredegar common stock purchased by trust for savings restoration plan	—	—		45		(45)		—		—
Balance at December 31, 2023	34,408,638	61,606		177,977		(2,233)		(81,697)		155,653
Net income (loss)	—	—		(64,565)		—		—		(64,565)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		(295)		(295)
Foreign currency translation loss realized on the sale of Terphane	—	—		—		—		88,437		88,437
Derivative financial instruments adjustment	—	—		—		—		755		755
Derivative financial instruments loss realized on the sale of Terphane								(1,288)		(1,288)
Net gains or (losses) and prior service costs	—	—		—		—		397		397
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses	—	—		—		—		(110)		(110)


Stock-based compensation expense	252,634	2,211		—		—		—		2,211
Repurchase of employee common stock for tax withholdings	—	(227)		—		—		—		(227)


Balance at December 31, 2024	34,661,272	63,590		113,412		(2,233)		6,199		180,968
Net income (loss)	—	—		33,476		—		—		33,476
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		461		461

Derivative financial instruments adjustment	—	—		—		—		803		803

Net gains or (losses) and prior service costs	—	—		—		—		(48)		(48)
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses	—	—		—		—		(199)		(199)
Recognition in earnings of net actuarial gain for other postretirement benefit termination	—	—		—		—		(794)		(794)

Stock-based compensation expense	76,262	2,476		—		—		—		2,476

Repurchase of employee common stock for tax withholdings	—	(589)		—		—		—		(589)

Balance at December 31, 2025	34,737,534	$	65,477	$	146,888	$	(2,233)	$	6,422	$	216,554

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Tredegar Corporation and Subsidiaries

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations. Tredegar Corporation and subsidiaries (collectively “Tredegar,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is an industrial manufacturer with two primary businesses: custom aluminum extrusions for the North American building & construction, automotive and specialty end-use markets; and surface protection films for high-technology applications in the global electronics industry and advanced packaging films used for bathroom tissue and paper towels.

On November 1, 2024, the Company completed the sale of its flexible packaging films business (also referred to as “Terphane”) headquartered in Brazil to Oben Group (“Oben”). All historical results for Terphane have been presented as discontinued operations. For more information on this transaction, see Note 15.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts for the prior years have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Fiscal Year End. The Company operates on a calendar fiscal year except for the Aluminum Extrusions segment, which operates on a 52/53-week fiscal year basis. References to Aluminum Extrusions for 2025, 2024 and 2023 relate to the 52-week fiscal year ended December 28, 2025, 52-week fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 and 53-week fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company does not believe the impact of reporting the results of this segment in this manner is material to the consolidated financial results. The Company may have activity with the Aluminum Extrusions segment during the intervening period from Aluminum Extrusion’s fiscal year end to the Company’s calendar year end. As a result, the Company’s prepaid and other current assets increased by $5.7 million as of December 31, 2025 since the Company made payments to the Aluminum Extrusions segment to fund its payroll during the intervening period. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents declined $3.6 million as of December 31, 2024 since the Company made payments to the Aluminum Extrusions segment to fund its working capital during the intervening period.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities (if any). On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to provisions for transaction and credit losses, income taxes, pension, other postretirement benefits and the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, among others. Tredegar bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions which the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation. The financial statements of subsidiaries located outside the U.S., where the local currency is the functional currency, are translated into U.S. Dollars using exchange rates in effect at the period end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. Adjustments resulting from the translation of these financial statements are reflected as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. There are no operating subsidiaries located outside the U.S. where the U.S. Dollar is the functional currency. Transaction and remeasurement gains or losses included in the consolidated statements of income (loss) were losses of $0.3 million in 2025 and gains of $0.3 million and $0.2 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand in excess of daily operating requirements and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, Tredegar had cash and cash equivalents of $6.7 million and $7.1 million, respectively, including funds held in locations outside the U.S. of $1.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

The Company’s policy permits investment of excess cash in marketable securities that have the highest credit ratings and maturities of less than one year. The primary objectives of the policy are safety of principal and liquidity.

Accounts and Other Receivables, net. Accounts receivables are stated at the amount invoiced to customers less allowances for credit losses. Accounts receivable are non-interest bearing and arise from the sale of products to customers under typical industry trade terms. Notes receivable are immaterial. Past due amounts are determined based on established terms and charged-off when deemed uncollectible. The allowance for credit losses is determined based on an assessment of probable losses taking into account past due amounts, customer credit profile, historical experience and current economic conditions. For receivables that do not have a specific allowance, the loss rate is computed by segment to apply to the remaining receivables balance, using

each segment’s historic loss rate. Other receivables include value-added taxes related to certain foreign subsidiaries and other miscellaneous receivables due within one year. For certain customers, the Company has arrangements in place with financial institutions whereby certain customer receivables are sold to the financial institution at a discount and without recourse. Upon sale, the associated receivable is unrecognized, and the discount is recognized. For more information on accounts and other receivables, net, see Note 2.

Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the last in, first out (“LIFO”) method, the weighted average cost or the first in, first out (“FIFO”) method. Cost elements included in work-in-process and finished goods inventories are raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Finished goods, work-in-process, raw materials and supplies, stores and other inventory are reviewed to determine if inventory quantities are in excess of forecasted usage or if they have become obsolete. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was no longer participating in supply chain finance service agreements through third-party financial institutions.

Property, Plant and Equipment. Accounts include costs of assets constructed or purchased, related delivery and installation costs and interest incurred on significant capital projects during their construction periods. Expenditures for renewals and betterments also are capitalized, but expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation applicable to assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and gains or losses thereon are included in income. Capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment include capitalized interest. Capitalized interest included in capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment was $1.6 million, $1.9 million, and $1.6 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Depreciation is computed primarily by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets that generally range from 5 to 40 years for buildings and land improvements and 2 to 20 years for machinery and equipment.

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangibles. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of acquired companies is allocated to goodwill. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, or, at a minimum, on an annual basis (December 1st of each year). When assessing goodwill for impairment, accounting guidance allows the Company to first perform a qualitative assessment (“Step 0 analysis”), which evaluates certain qualitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company and reporting unit factors. If the Company's Step 0 analysis indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company would perform a quantitative impairment test (“Step 1 analysis”).

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, Surface Protection had goodwill of $22.4 million.

During 2023, uncertainty about the timing of a recovery in the consumer electronics market persisted, and manufacturers in the supply chain for consumer electronics continued to experience reduced capacity utilization and inventory corrections. In light of the limited visibility on the timing of a recovery and the expected adverse future impact to the Surface Protection business, coupled with a cautious outlook on new product development opportunities, the Company performed a Step 1 goodwill impairment analysis, as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023, of the Surface Protection component of High Performance Films. The analyses concluded that the fair value of Surface Protection was less than its carrying value, thus a non-cash partial goodwill impairment of $34.9 million ($27.0 million after deferred income tax benefits) was recognized during 2023.

The Company estimated the fair value of Surface Protection by: (i) computing an estimated EV utilizing the DCF Method, (ii) applying adjustments for any surplus or deficient working capital, (iii) adding cash and cash equivalents, and (iv) subtracting interest-bearing debt. The DCF Method was used, incorporating Surface Protection’s latest projections, which reflect updated expected market recovery levels, feasibility of launching new product applications, competitive pricing and cash flows associated with production efficiencies, as well as consideration of cost savings and inventory corrections.

For more information on goodwill and identifiable intangibles, see Note 5.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company reviews long-lived assets for possible impairment when events indicate that an impairment may exist. For assets that are held and used in operations, if events indicate that an asset may be impaired, the Company estimates the future unlevered pre-tax cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Assets are grouped for this purpose at the lowest level for which there are identifiable and independent cash flows. If the sum of these undiscounted pre-tax cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment loss is calculated. Measurement of the impairment loss is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset group. Assets that are held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell, with an impairment loss recognized for any write-down required.

As of December 31, 2025, no events were identified that indicated long-lived assets may be impaired.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, due to the same factors discussed above, the Aluminum Extrusions’ Clearfield reporting unit, which is also an asset group, required the Company to perform a recoverability test of its long-lived identifiable assets using the same projections used in the DCF Method by comparing the undiscounted future cash flows to the net carrying value of the asset group. As the undiscounted cash flows of the Clearfield asset group was greater than the carrying amount as of December 31, 2024, no long-lived impairment loss was recognized in 2024.

Pension Costs and Postretirement Benefit Costs Other than Pensions. Pension costs and postretirement benefit costs other than pensions have been accrued over the period employees provided service to Tredegar. Liabilities and expenses for pension plans and other postretirement benefits are determined using actuarial methodologies and incorporate significant assumptions, including the rate used to discount the future estimated liability, the long-term rate of return on plan assets, and several assumptions relating to the employee workforce. The Company recognizes the funded status of its pension and other postretirement plans in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Tredegar’s policy has been to fund its pension plans at amounts not less than the minimum requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) of 1974 and to fund postretirement benefits other than pensions when claims are incurred.

In February 2022, Tredegar announced the initiation of a process to terminate and settle its frozen defined benefit pension plan through lump sum distributions and the purchase of annuity contracts. On November 3, 2023, the pension plan termination and settlement process for the Company was completed. In October 2025, the Company terminated the Other Post-Retirement Benefits program. For more information, see Note 8.

Revenue Recognition. The Company’s revenue is primarily generated from the sale of finished products to customers. Those sales predominantly contain a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the product is transferred to customers, along with the title, risk of loss and rewards of ownership. Depending on the arrangement with the customer, these criteria are met either at the time the product is shipped or when the product is made available or delivered to the destination specified in the agreement with the customer.

Sales revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for that finished product. The Company offers various discounts, rebates and allowances to customers, (collectively, “allowances”), all of which are considered when determining the transaction price. Certain allowances are fixed and determinable at the time of sale and are recorded at the time of sale as a reduction to revenues. Other allowances can vary depending on future outcomes such as sales returns and customer sales volume, thus representing variable consideration.

Amounts billed to customers related to freight are classified as sales revenue and the cost of freight is classified as a separate line in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between Tredegar and its customers (such as value-added taxes) are accounted for on a net basis and therefore excluded from revenues. See Note 12 for disaggregation of revenue by segment and type.

Revenue expected to be recognized in any future period related to remaining performance obligations, excluding (i) revenue pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less, (ii) contracts where revenue is recognized as invoiced and (iii) variable consideration related to unsatisfied performance obligations, is not expected to materially impact the Company’s financial results.

Research and Development (“R&D”) Costs. R&D costs are expensed as incurred and include primarily salaries, wages, employee benefits, equipment depreciation, facility costs and the cost of materials consumed relating to R&D efforts. R&D costs include a reasonable allocation of indirect costs.

Leases. At inception, the Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. The Company has elected to not record short-term leases with an original lease term of one year or less in the consolidated balance sheet. To the extent such leases contain renewal options that the Company intends to exercise, the related Right-of-Use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability are included in the consolidated balance sheet. Some of the Company’s lease arrangements contain lease components (e.g., minimum rent payments) and non-lease components (e.g., maintenance, labor charges, etc.). The Company generally accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include rental payments that are adjusted periodically for an index or rate. The leases are initially measured using the projected payments adjusted for the index or rate in effect at the commencement date. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Operating leases are included in “Right-of-use lease assets”, “Lease liabilities - short-term” and “Lease liabilities - long-term” on the consolidated balance sheets. These assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term using the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rates, adjusted for term and geographic location using country-based swap rates. As a result of the Company’s review of new and existing lease contracts, there were no instances where the Company could readily determine a rate implicit in the lease.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Depending upon the specific use of the ROU asset, lease expense is included in the “Cost of goods sold”, “Freight”, “Selling, general and administrative”, and “Research and development” line items on the consolidated statements of income. Lease income is not material to the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additional disclosure regarding Tredegar’s leases is included in Note 4.

Income Taxes. Income taxes are recognized during the period in which transactions enter into the determination of income for financial reporting purposes, with deferred income taxes being provided at enacted statutory tax rates on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities (see Note 11). Current tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable, respectively, on the tax returns for the current year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Accordingly, accounting for income taxes represents the Company’s best estimate of various events and transactions.

A valuation allowance is recorded in the period when the Company determines that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred income tax assets may not be realized. The establishment and removal of a valuation allowance requires the Company to consider all positive and negative evidence and make a judgmental decision regarding the amount of valuation allowance required as of a reporting date. The benefit of an uncertain tax position is included in the accompanying financial statements when the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained, based on the technical merits of the position, if the taxing authority examines the position and the dispute is litigated. This determination is made on the basis of all the facts, circumstances and information available as of the reporting date.

Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average common and potentially dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding, determined as follows:


	2025	2024	2023
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per share	34,735,139	34,346,242	34,133,078
Incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock	—	—	—
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share	34,735,139	34,346,242	34,133,078

Incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock are computed under the treasury stock method using the average market price during the related period. The average out-of-the-money options to purchase shares that were excluded from the calculation of incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock were 1,245,367 and 2,497,008 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company had a net loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, so there is no dilutive impact for such shares. If the Company had reported net income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, average out-of-the-money options to purchase shares that were excluded from the calculation of incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock would have been 2,925,091.

Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans. The cost of all share-based payments is recognized using the calculated fair value at the grant date, or the date of any later modification, over the requisite service period under the graded-vesting method. See Note 10 for additional information.

Financial Instruments. Tredegar uses derivative financial instruments for the purpose of hedging aluminum price volatility. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges and are recognized in the accompanying balance sheet at fair value. A change in the fair value of the derivative that is highly effective and that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge is recorded in other comprehensive income. Gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to earnings in the periods in which earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows of the hedged transaction. Such gains and losses are reported in the same line as the underlying hedged item, and the cash flows related to financial instruments are classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows in a manner consistent with those of the transactions being hedged.

The Company’s policy requires that it formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Company also uses regression analysis, unless the hedge qualifies for other methods of assessing effectiveness, to formally assess (both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis) whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have been highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of hedged items and whether those derivatives may be expected to remain highly effective in future periods. When it is determined that a derivative is not (or has ceased to be) highly effective as a hedge, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively.

As a policy, Tredegar does not engage in speculative or leveraged transactions, nor does it hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. Additional disclosure of the utilization of derivative hedging instruments is included in Note 9.

Comprehensive Income (Loss). Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as net income or loss as adjusted by other comprehensive income or loss items. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes changes in foreign currency translation adjustments; realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivative financial instruments; prior service costs and net gains or losses from pension and other postretirement benefit plans arising during the period; and amortization of these prior service costs and net gain or loss adjustments; and during the period, realized net actuarial loss for pension settlement all recorded net of deferred income taxes.

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component are summarized as follows:


(In thousands)	Foreign Currency Translation		Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments		Pension & Other Postretirement Benefit Adjust		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	(86,079)	$	(2,480)	$	(59,036)	$	(147,595)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	3,511		11,794		1,935		17,240
Income tax (expense) benefit	(469)		(2,977)		(422)		(3,868)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	3,042		8,817		1,513		13,372
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss)	—		(7,580)		101,323		93,743
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		2,044		(43,261)		(41,217)
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax	—		(5,536)		58,062		52,526
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	3,042		3,281		59,575		65,898
Balance at December 31, 2023	(83,037)		801		539		(81,697)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(295)		240		506		451
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		(72)		(109)		(181)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(295)		168		397		270
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss)	89,038		(1,881)		(141)		87,016
Income tax (expense) benefit	(601)		1,180		31		610
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax	88,437		(701)		(110)		87,626
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	88,142		(533)		287		87,896
Balance at December 31, 2024	5,105		268		826		6,199
Other comprehensive income (loss)	461		2,110		(61)		2,510
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		(473)		13		(460)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	461		1,637		(48)		2,050
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss)	—		(1,087)		(1,503)		(2,590)
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		253		510		763
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax	—		(834)		(993)		(1,827)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	461		803		(1,041)		223
Balance at December 31, 2025	$	5,566	$	1,071	$	(215)	$	6,422

The amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to pension and other postretirement benefits are included in the computation of net periodic pension costs, see Note 8 for additional details. The amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to foreign currency translation and derivative financial instruments are included in discontinued operations, see Note 15 for additional details.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards.

New accounting pronouncements adopted in 2025:

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU 2023-09”) to improve the income tax disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information and to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require the Company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 also requires the Company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this ASU in the fourth quarter of 2025 using the prospective method of transition. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards not yet adopted:

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06 to amend various paragraphs in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) to primarily reflect the issuance of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Bulletin No. 33-10532. ASU 2023-06 will impact various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, accounting changes and error corrections, earnings per share, debt, equity, derivatives, and transfers of financial assets. The amendments in this ASU 2023-06 will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC and will no longer be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company does not expect a material impact from the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 to improve the disclosures about public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this ASU will require the Company to disclose specified information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11 to amend the guidance in “Interim Reporting” (Topic 270). The update provides clarifications intended to improve the consistency and usability of interim disclosure requirements, including a comprehensive listing of required interim disclosures and a new disclosure principle for reporting material events occurring after the most recent annual period. The amendments do not change the underlying objectives of interim reporting but are designed to enhance clarity in application. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect a material impact from the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. ACCOUNTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, accounts receivable and other receivables, net, include the following:


(In thousands)	2025		2024
Customer receivables	$	80,027	$	64,094
Other receivables	2,095		952
Total accounts and other receivables	82,122		65,046
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(311)		(229)
Total accounts and other receivables, net	$	81,811	$	64,817

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the allowance for credit losses for the three years ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:


(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023
Balance, beginning of year	$	229	$	1,162	$	2,068
Charges to expense	89		145		407

Write-offs and settlements	(7)		(1,078)		(1,313)

Balance, end of year	$	311	$	229	$	1,162

3. INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following:


(In thousands)	2025		2024
Finished goods	$	17,578	$	15,051
Work-in-process	3,574		2,986
Raw materials	20,365		12,158
Stores, supplies and other	23,445		21,186
Total	$	64,962	$	51,381

Inventories stated on the LIFO basis amounted to $9.1 million at December 31, 2025 and $6.7 million at December 31, 2024, which were below replacement costs by $19.8 million at December 31, 2025 and $13.8 million at December 31, 2024. Inventories stated on the weighted average cost basis were $15.9 million and $14.3 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, while inventories stated on the FIFO method amounted to $40.0 million and $30.4 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

4. LEASES

Tredegar has various operating lease agreements with remaining terms up to 18 years, including leases of real estate, office equipment and vehicles. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no finance lease agreements. Some leases include options to purchase the leased asset, terminate the agreement or extend the term of the agreement for one or more years. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

The following table presents a maturity analysis of the Company’s operating leases as of December 31, 2025:


(In thousands)
	Future Lease Payments
2026		$	2,833
2027		2,430
2028		2,196
2029		2,205
2030		2,223
Thereafter		3,481
Total undiscounted operating lease payments		15,368
Less: Imputed interest		2,145
Present value of operating lease liabilities		$	13,223

The following table summarizes lease costs and other information for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. These costs are primarily related to long-term operating leases but also include amounts for variable leases and short-term leases.


(In thousands)	2025			2024
Operating lease expense	$	2,855		$	4,350




Other Information:
Weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases	9 years			10 years
Weighted-average discount rate for operating leases	4.81		%	4.77		%

5. GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS

A reconciliation of goodwill at December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:


(In thousands)	Aluminum Extrusions(a)		High Performance Films(a)		Total
Net carrying value of goodwill at December 31, 2023	$	13,271	$	22,446	$	35,717
Goodwill impairment	(13,271)		—		(13,271)
Net carrying value of goodwill at December 31, 2024	—		22,446		22,446
Goodwill impairment	—		—		—
Net carrying value of goodwill at December 31, 2025	$	—	$	22,446	$	22,446
(a) The goodwill of Aluminum Extrusions and High Performance Films is carried by the Clearfield and Surface Protection reporting units, respectively.

A reconciliation of identifiable intangibles at December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:


(In thousands)	Customer Relationships		Trade Names		Total
Gross carrying value at December 31, 2024	$	25,900	$	6,700	$	32,600
Accumulated amortization	(18,574)		(6,700)		(25,274)
Net carrying value at December 31, 2024	$	7,326	$	—	$	7,326

Gross carrying value at December 31, 2025	$	25,900	$	6,700	$	32,600
Accumulated amortization	(20,332)		(6,700)		(27,032)
Net carrying value at December 31, 2025	$	5,568	$	—	$	5,568

Amortization expense over the next three years is expected to be $1.8 million per year and is expected to end in early 2029.

6. ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses consist of the following:


(In thousands)	2025		2024
Payrolls, related taxes and medical and other benefits	$	8,312	$	6,812
Incentive compensation	5,839		6,434
Workers’ compensation and disabilities	1,991		2,005
Vacation	1,806		1,668
Deferred revenue	1,513		—
Accrued utilities	1,279		1,164
Environmental liabilities	1,108		1,259
Customer rebates	553		540
Accrued interest	221		231
Accrued freight	135		213
Derivative contract liability	4		80
Other	2,650		1,762
Total	$	25,411	$	22,168

7. DEBT AND CREDIT AGREEMENTS

ABL Facility

Outstanding borrowings accrue interest at the rates elected by the Company depending on the type of loan and denomination of such borrowing. With respect to revolving loans denominated in U.S. Dollars, the Company may elect interest rates at:

•Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) plus the applicable ABR Spread (as defined in the ABL Facility) determined in accordance with an excess availability-based pricing grid. ABR is defined, in part, as the greater of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Rate in effect on such day plus ½ of 1% and (c) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (defined below) for a one-month period plus 1%; or

•The Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") Rate plus the applicable Term Benchmark Spread (as defined in the ABL Facility) determined in accordance with an excess availability-based pricing grid. Adjusted Term SOFR Rate is defined as the Term SOFR Rate plus 0.10%, subject to an initial Floor (as defined in the ABL Facility) of 0%.

As amended by Amendment No. 5, based upon the quarterly average of daily availability under the ABL Facility, the interest rate pricing grid, is as follows:


Pricing under the ABL Facility (Basis Points)
Quarter Average of Daily Availability	Term Benchmark Spread	ABR Spread
> 66% of $125 million aggregate commitment	175.0	75.0
≤ 66% but > 33% of $125 million aggregate commitment	200.0	100.0
≤ 33% of $125 million aggregate commitment	225.0	125.0

Pursuant to Amendment No. 5, the commitment fee was decreased from 0.40% to (i) 0.25% if the Average Usage (as defined in the ABL Facility) is greater than or equal to 50% and (ii) 0.375% if Average Usage is less than 50%.

The borrowing base calculation was amended by Amendment No. 5 as follows: (i) real property is no longer eligible to be included in the borrowing base, (ii) the PP&E Component (as defined in the ABL Facility), as included in the borrowing base, was decreased to the lesser of (a) 60% of the Net Orderly Liquidation Value (as defined in the ABL Facility) in place of eligible equipment and (b) 30% of the borrowing base and (iii) the amount of eligible cash included in the borrowing base is now capped at 15% of the borrowing base.

The financial covenant is a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the ABL Facility) of 1.00:1.00 that will be triggered in the event that availability is less than the greater of (x) 10% of the Line Cap (as defined in the ABL Facility) and (y) $10 million and will continue until availability is equal to or greater than the greater of (x) 10% of the Line Cap and (y) $10 million for 30 consecutive days, as long as no events of default are continuing.

If at any time the availability under the ABL facility is less than the greater of (x) 20% of the Line Cap and (y) $20 million and until such subsequent date, if any, on which availability is greater than the greater of (x) 20% of the Line Cap and (y) $20 million for a period of thirty (30) consecutive calendar days, the Company’s current monthly reporting requirements to lenders changes to a weekly cadence.

A Cash Dominion Period (as defined in the ABL Facility) is now triggered when (x) availability falls below the greater of (i) 12.5% of the Line Cap and (ii) $12.6 million or (y) during the continuation of an event of default and continuing until (x) availability is above the greater of (i) 12.5% of the Line Cap and (ii) $12.6 million for 30 consecutive days and (y) no events of default are continuing. During a Cash Dominion Period, receipts that have not yet been applied to the ABL Facility are classified as restricted cash in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The ABL Facility has customary representations and warranties including, as a condition to each borrowing, that all such representations and warranties are true and correct in all material respects (including a representation that no Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the ABL Facility) has occurred since December 31, 2024). In the event that the Company cannot certify that all conditions to the borrowing have been met, the lenders can restrict the Company’s future borrowings under the ABL Facility.

In accordance with the ABL Facility, the lenders have been provided with the Company’s financial statements, covenant compliance certificates and projections to facilitate their ongoing assessment of the Company. Accordingly, the Company believes the likelihood that lenders would exercise the subjective acceleration clause whereby prohibiting future borrowings is remote. As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.

High Performance Films Guangzhou Loan

Each Guangzhou Tredegar loan, as applicable, was presented as current debt on the consolidated balance sheet for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

8. RETIREMENT PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

Tredegar sponsored a noncontributory defined benefit (pension) plan covering certain current and former U.S. employees. The plan for salaried and hourly employees was based on a formula using the participant’s years of service and compensation or using the participant’s years of service and a dollar amount. The plan is closed to new participants and pay for active plan participants for benefit calculations was frozen as of December 31, 2007. As of January 31, 2018, the plan no longer accrued benefits associated with crediting employees for service, thereby freezing all future benefits under the plan. On February 10, 2022, Tredegar announced the initiation of a process to terminate and settle its frozen defined benefit pension plan through lump sum distributions and the purchase of annuity contracts. On November 3, 2023, the pension plan termination and settlement process for the Company was completed, and the remaining pension plan obligation was transferred to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company. During 2023, the Company recognized a total pre-tax pension settlement loss of $92.3 million.

Tredegar also has a non-qualified supplemental pension plan covering certain employees. Effective December 31, 2005, further participation in this plan was terminated and benefit accruals for existing participants were frozen. The plan was designed to restore all or a part of the pension benefits that would have been payable to designated participants from the principal pension plans if it were not for limitations imposed by income tax regulations. The projected benefit obligation relating to this unfunded plan was $1.4 million and $1.5 million at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Pension expense recognized for this plan was $0.1 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023. This information has been included in the pension benefit tables below.

In addition to providing pension benefits, the Company provided Other Post-Retirement Benefits of life insurance and health care benefits for certain groups of employees. Tredegar and retirees shared in the cost of postretirement health care benefits, with employees hired on or before January 1, 1993, receiving a fixed subsidy to cover a portion of their health care premiums. The Company eliminated prescription drug coverage for Medicare-eligible retirees as of January 1, 2006. Consequently, Tredegar is not eligible for any federal subsidies.

On October 31, 2025, Tredegar terminated the Other Post-Retirement Benefits by prefunding $0.1 million, representing all required contributions for the remainder of 2025. The Other Post-Retirement Benefits total obligation and unrecognized pre-tax actuarial gain reported in the consolidated balance sheets was $5.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, which was realized in the income statement during the fourth quarter of 2025.

The following tables reconcile the changes in benefit obligations and plan assets in 2025 and 2024, and reconcile the funded status to prepaid or accrued cost at December 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Pension Benefits				Other Post- Retirement Benefits
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation, beginning of year	$	1,478	$	1,600	$	5,078	$	5,712
Service cost	—		—		9		9
Interest cost	78		75		225		274
Effect of actuarial (gains) losses related to the following:
Discount rate change	39		(60)		166		(305)

Other	(20)		47		(93)		(193)
Plan participant contributions	—		—		357		456
Benefits paid	(199)		(184)		(725)		(875)
Termination of Other Post-Retirement Benefits plan	—		—		(5,017)		—
Benefit obligation, end of year	$	1,376	$	1,478	$	—	$	5,078
Change in plan assets:
Plan assets at fair value, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Actual return on plan assets	—		—		—		—
Employer contributions	199		184		368		419
Plan participant contributions	—		—		357		456
Benefits paid	(199)		(184)		(725)		(875)

Plan assets at fair value, end of year	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Funded status of the plans	$	(1,376)	$	(1,478)	$	—	$	(5,078)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:
Accrued expenses (current)	$	180	$	161	$	—	$	481
Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, net	1,196		1,317		—		4,597
Net amount recognized	$	1,376	$	1,478	$	—	$	5,078

The following table sets forth the assumptions used in accounting for the pension and other post-retirement benefits, and the components of net periodic benefit cost:


	Pension Benefits									Other Post- Retirement Benefits
(In thousands, except percentages)	2025			2024			2023			2025			2024			2023
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
Discount rate	5.07		%	5.49		%	4.89		%	—		%	5.63		%	4.98		%

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate(a)	5.49		%	4.89%			5.07%/5.37%			5.63%/5.25%			4.98		%	5.17		%

Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	9		$	9		$	10
Interest cost	78			75			9,623			225			274			288
Expected return on plan assets	—			—			(8,109)			—			—			—
Amortization of prior service costs and gains or losses	20			21			9,245			(275)			(162)			(213)
Net periodic benefit cost	$	98		$	96		$	10,759		$	(41)		$	121		$	85
Pension settlement loss and (gain) on Other Post-Retirement Benefits termination	—			—			92,291			(6,265)			—			—
Total benefit cost	$	98		$	96		$	103,050		$	(6,306)		$	121		$	85
(a) Prior to the Other Post-Retirement Benefits termination in October 2025, a discount rate of 5.63% was used to determine the net periodic benefit cost. On October 31, 2025, a discount rate of 5.25% was used to determine the settlement. Prior to the pension lump sum distributions in August 2023, a discount rate of 5.07% was used to determine the net periodic benefit cost. Subsequent to August 2023, a discount rate of 5.37% was used to determine the net periodic benefit cost until the Company purchased a nonparticipating single premium group annuity contract in October 2023.

Net periodic benefit cost is determined using assumptions at the beginning of each year. Funded status is determined using assumptions at the end of each year. The amount of the accumulated benefit obligation is the same as the projected benefit obligation. At December 31, 2025, the effect of a 1% change in the health care cost trend rate assumptions would not impact the post-retirement obligation.

Expected benefit payments over the next five years and in the aggregate for 2031—2035 are as follows:


(In thousands)	Pension Benefits
2026	$	179
2027	170
2028	160
2029	151
2030	141
2031—2035	576

The pre-tax amounts recorded in 2025, 2024 and 2023 in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consist of:


	Pension Benefits						Other Post-Retirement Benefits
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2025		2024		2023
Net actuarial (gain) loss	$	454	$	384	$	415	$	—	$	(1,534)	$	(1,250)

9. DERIVATIVES

Tredegar uses derivative financial instruments for the purpose of hedging margin exposure from fixed-price forward sales contracts in Aluminum Extrusions. These derivative financial instruments are designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges and are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The fair value of derivative instruments recorded on the consolidated balance sheets is based upon Level 2 inputs. If individual derivative instruments with the same counterparty can be settled on a net basis, the Company records the corresponding derivative fair values as a net asset or net liability.

In the normal course of business, Aluminum Extrusions enters into fixed-price forward sales contracts with certain customers for the future sale of fixed quantities of aluminum extrusions at scheduled intervals. In order to hedge margin exposure created from the fixing of future sales prices relative to volatile raw material (aluminum) costs, Aluminum Extrusions enters into a combination of forward purchase commitments and futures contracts to acquire or hedge aluminum, based on the scheduled purchases for the firm sales commitments. The fixed-price firm sales commitments and related hedging instruments generally have durations of not more than 12 months, and the notional amount of aluminum futures contracts that hedged future purchases of aluminum to meet fixed-price forward sales contract obligations was $10.0 million (5.2 million pounds of aluminum) at December 31, 2025 and $4.3 million (3.1 million pounds of aluminum) at December 31, 2024.

The table below summarizes the location and gross amounts of aluminum derivative contract fair values (Level 2) in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:


	December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Account	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Account	Fair Value
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
Asset derivatives: Aluminum futures contracts	Prepaid expenses & other	$	1,392	Prepaid expenses & other	$	172
Liability derivatives: Aluminum futures contracts	Accrued expenses	(4)		Accrued expenses	(57)
Aluminum futures contracts	Other non-current liabilities	(9)		Other non-current liabilities	—
Net asset (liability)		$	1,379		$	115

In the event that a counterparty to an aluminum fixed-price forward sales contract chooses not to take delivery of its aluminum extrusions, the customer is contractually obligated to compensate Aluminum Extrusions for any losses on the related aluminum futures and/or forward contracts through the date of cancellation.

These derivative contracts involve elements of market risk that are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheet, including the risk of dealing with counterparties and their ability to meet the terms of the contracts. The counterparties to any forward purchase commitments are major aluminum brokers and suppliers, and the counterparties to any aluminum futures contracts are major financial institutions. Fixed-price forward sales contracts are only made available to the best and most creditworthy customers.

The pre-tax effect on net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) of derivative instruments classified as cash flow hedges and described in the previous paragraphs for years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 is summarized in the table below:


(In thousands)	Cash Flow Derivative Hedges
	Aluminum Futures Contracts
Years Ended December 31,	2025		2024		2023
Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income	$	2,448	$	43	$	7,598
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income (effective portion)	Cost of goods sold		Cost of goods sold		Cost of goods sold
Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income (effective portion)	$	1,184	$	(612)	$	4,508

As of December 31, 2025, the Company expects $1.1 million of unrealized after-tax net gains on aluminum derivative contracts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified to earnings within the next 12 months. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, net gains or losses realized, from previously unrealized net gains or losses on hedges that had been discontinued, were not material.

10. STOCK OPTION AND STOCK AWARD PLANS

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had one stock-based compensation plan that permits the grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards, other equity awards based on Tredegar common stock. Awards available for grant totaled 1,678,682 shares at December 31, 2025. Stock options may be granted to purchase a specified number of shares of common stock at a price no lower than the fair market value on the date of grant and for a term not to exceed 10 years. Stock options exercisable totaled 1,205,105 and 2,327,655 shares at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

A summary of stock options outstanding at December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, and changes during those years, is presented below:


		Option Exercise Price/Share
	Number of Options	Range					Weighted Average
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	3,108,741	$	10.75	to	$	22.49	$	13.81

Forfeited and expired	(89,408)	13.78		to	19.64		19.60

Outstanding at December 31, 2023	3,019,333	10.75		to	22.49		13.64

Forfeited and expired	(691,678)	10.75		to	22.49		14.15

Outstanding at December 31, 2024	2,327,655	10.75		to	16.37		13.49

Forfeited and expired	(1,122,550)	10.75		to	16.37		14.13

Outstanding at December 31, 2025	1,205,105	$	10.75	to	$	16.37	$	12.90

No options were granted in 2025, 2024 or 2023.

The following table summarizes additional information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2025:


					Options Outstanding at December 31, 2025						Options Exercisable at December 31, 2025
						Weighted Average			Aggregate Intrinsic Value					Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Range of Exercise Prices					Shares	Remaining Contractual Life	Exercise Price				Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
$	10.75	to	$	16.37	1,205,105	1.4 years	$	12.90	$	—	1,205,105	$	12.90	$	—

There were no stock options exercised in 2025, 2024 or 2023. The grant-date fair value of stock option-based awards vested in 2023 was $2.2 million. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option-based awards.

Restricted stock grants ordinarily vest three years from the date of grant based upon continued employment. The fair value of restricted stock awards is estimated as of the grant date using the closing stock price on that date.

The following table summarizes additional information about unvested restricted stock awards outstanding at December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:


	Unvested Restricted Stock Awards
	Number of Shares	Weighted Avg. Grant Date Fair Value/Share		Grant Date Fair Value (In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	474,978	$	13.82	$	6,564
Granted	454,623	7.67		3,487
Vested	(167,077)	11.29		(1,886)
Forfeited	(26,445)	11.60		(307)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	736,079	10.68		7,861
Granted	385,159	7.25		2,792
Vested	(261,941)	11.94		(3,128)
Forfeited	(87,181)	8.51		(742)
Outstanding at December 31, 2024	772,116	8.79		6,787
Granted	342,181	7.15		2,447
Vested	(262,375)	11.05		(2,899)
Forfeited	(173,159)	7.45		(1,290)
Outstanding at December 31, 2025	678,763	$	7.43	$	5,043

As of December 31, 2025, the unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock awards was $2.0 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 1.7 years.

There were no SARs granted in 2025, 2024 or 2023. SARs may be settled in cash upon exercise and therefore are classified as liabilities and included in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of these liability awards is remeasured at each reporting period until the date of settlement. Increases and decreases in stock-based compensation expense are recognized over the vesting period, or immediately, for vested awards.

A summary of SARs outstanding at December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, and changes during those years, is presented below:


		Exercise Price/Share
	Number of SARs	Range					Weighted Average
Outstanding at January 1, 2023	498,687	$	10.75	to	$	16.37	$	13.49

Forfeited and expired	(53,969)	10.75		to	16.37		12.78

Outstanding at December 31, 2023	444,718	10.75		to	16.37		13.57

Forfeited and expired	(110,272)	10.75		to	16.37		13.85

Outstanding at December 31, 2024	334,446	10.75		to	16.37		13.48

Forfeited and expired	(5,340)	10.75		to	16.37		15.25

Outstanding at December 31, 2025	329,106	$	10.75	to	$	16.37	$	13.45

The grant-date fair value of SARs that vested in 2025, 2024 and 2023 were immaterial. As of December 31, 2025, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to SARs.

11. INCOME TAXES

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes is as follows:


(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes:
Domestic	$	29,745	$	(523)	$	(151,488)
Foreign	924		1,403		1,023
Total	$	30,669	$	880	$	(150,465)

Income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations is as follows:


(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023
Current income tax expense (benefit):
Federal	$	(563)	$	(106)	$	(39,929)
State	691		704		(39)
Foreign	279		123		241
Total	407		721		(39,727)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit):
Federal	6,104		(470)		(11,758)
State	137		(517)		198
Foreign	(64)		101		(13)
Total	6,177		(886)		(11,573)
Total income tax expense (benefit) for continuing operations
Federal	5,541		(576)		(51,687)
State	828		187		159
Foreign	215		224		228
Total	6,584		(165)		(51,300)

Below is a tabular rate reconciliation pursuant to the disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-09 for the year ended December 31, 2025.


	2025
(In thousands, except percentages)	Amount		%
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	$	6,441	21.0
U.S. domestic federal
Tax credits
Research and development tax credit	(930)		(3.0)
Changes in valuation allowances	192		0.6
Nontaxable or nondeductible items
Stock based compensation	493		1.6
Executive compensation	384		1.3
Other	75		0.2
Other adjustments	112		0.4
State and local income tax, net of federal (national) income tax effect1	683		2.2
Foreign tax effects
Other foreign jurisdictions	20		0.1
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits	(886)		(2.9)
Effective tax rate	$	6,584	21.5
1.State taxes in Pennsylvania and Georgia made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category.

The significant differences between the U.S. federal statutory rate and the effective income tax rate related to continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09 are as follows:


	2024			2023
(In thousands, except percentages)	Amount		%	Amount		%
Income tax expense (benefit) at federal statutory rate	$	185	21.0	$	(31,598)	21.0
Stock-based compensation	409		46.5	136		(0.1)
Changes in estimates related to prior year tax provision	326		37.0	559		(0.4)
Non-deductible other	282		32.0	144		(0.1)
Foreign rate differences	57		6.5	39		—
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	28		3.2	168		(0.1)
U.S. tax on foreign branch income	—		—	1,693		(1.1)
Stranded taxes released with termination of pension	—		—	(21,913)

TREDEGAR CORP 10-K