UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-33519

PUBLIC STORAGE

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland						93-2834996
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

~~701~~2811 ~~Western~~Internet ~~Avenue~~Boulevard, ~~Glendale~~Frisco, ~~California~~Texas ~~91201-2349~~75034

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(818) 244-8080

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Class

~~Trading Symbol~~

~~Name~~Trading ~~of exchange on which registered~~Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares, $0.10 par value

~~PSA~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSA

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 5.150% Cum Pref Share, Series F, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrF~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrF

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 5.050% Cum Pref Share, Series G, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrG~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrG

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 5.600% Cum Pref Share, Series H, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrH~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrH

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 4.875% Cum Pref Share, Series I, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrI~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrI

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 4.700% Cum Pref Share, Series J, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrJ~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrJ

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 4.750% Cum Pref Share, Series K, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrK~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrK

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 4.625% Cum Pref Share, Series L, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrL~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrL

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 4.125% Cum Pref Share, Series M, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrM~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrM

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 3.875% Cum Pref Share, Series N, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrN~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrN

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 3.900% Cum Pref Share, Series O, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrO~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrO

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 4.000% Cum Pref Share, Series P, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrP~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrP

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 3.950% Cum Pref Share, Series Q, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrQ~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrQ

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 4.000% Cum Pref Share, Series R, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrR~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrR

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares Each Representing 1/1,000 of a 4.100% Cum Pref Share, Series S, $0.01 par value

~~PSAPrS~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSAPrS

New York Stock Exchange

Guarantee of 0.875% Senior Notes due 2032 issued by Public Storage Operating Company

~~PSA/32~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSA/32

New York Stock Exchange

Guarantee of 0.500% Senior Notes due 2030 issued by Public Storage Operating Company

~~PSA/30~~

~~New York Stock Exchange~~PSA/30

New York Stock Exchange

Guarantee of 3.500% Senior Notes due 2034 issued by Public Storage Operating Company

PSA/34

New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.


Yes			☒			No			☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.


Yes			☐			No			☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.


Yes			☒			No			☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).


Yes			☒			No			☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

☒

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).


Yes			☐			No			☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common shares held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, ~~2024~~2025:

Common Shares, $0.10 par value per share – $4344,~~242~~239,~~396~~441,000 (computed on the basis of $~~287~~293.6542 per share, which was the reported closing sale price of the Company's Common Shares on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) on June 2830, ~~2024~~2025).

As of February 185, ~~2025~~2026, there were 175,~~415~~506,~~530~~447 outstanding Common Shares, $0.10 par value per share.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive proxy statement to be filed in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held in ~~2025~~2026 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent described therein.

Public Storage

Form 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Part I
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	8
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	18
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	1918
Item 2.	Properties	21
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	22
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	22
Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	23
Item 6.	[Reserved]	23
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	5251
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	5251
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	5251
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	5251
Item 9B.	Other Information	5554
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	5554
Part III
Item 10.	Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	5655
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	5655
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters	5756
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Trustee Independence	5756
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	5756
Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	5857

PART I

ITEM 1. Business

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements relating to our ~~2025~~2026 ~~outlook~~guidance and all underlying assumptions;, our expected acquisition, disposition, development, and redevelopment activity;, supply and demand for our self-storage facilities;, information relating to operating trends in our markets;, expectations regarding operating expenses, including property tax changes;, expectations regarding the impacts from inflation and changes in macroeconomic conditions;, our strategic priorities;, expectations with respect to financing activities, rental rates, zoning, cap rates, and yields;, leasing expectations;, our credit ratings;, and all other statements other than statements of historical fact. Such statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions made based on information currently available to management and may be identified by the use of the words “outlook,” “guidance,” “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “should,” “estimates,” and similar expressions.

These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which may cause our actual results and performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that may impact future results and performance include, but are not limited to, those described in Part 1, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These include changes in demand for our facilities;, changes in macroeconomic conditions;, changes in national self-storage facility development activity;, impacts from our strategic corporate transformation initiative, impacts of natural disasters;, adverse changes in laws and regulations including governing property tax, evictions, rental rates, minimum wage levels, and insurance;, adverse economic effects from public health emergencies, international military conflicts, international trade disputes (including threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by the U.S. and threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by foreign countries in retaliation), or similar events impacting public health and/or economic activity;, increases in the costs of our primary customer acquisition channels;, adverse impacts to us and our customers from high interest rates, inflation, unfavorable foreign currency rate fluctuations, or changes in federal or state tax laws related to the taxation of REITs;, security breaches, including ransomware;, or a failure of our networks, systems, or technology.

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or as of the dates indicated in the statements. All of our forward-looking statements, including those in this report, are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, new estimates, or other factors, events, or circumstances after the date of these forward-looking statements, except when expressly required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not rely on any forward-looking statements in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, neither as predictions of future events nor guarantees of future performance.

General Discussion of our Business

Public Storage is a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) engaged in the ownership, development, and operation of self-storage facilities and other related operations including tenant reinsurance, third-party self-storage management and bridge lending to third-party self-storage owners. We are the industry leading owner of self-storage properties, with one of the most recognized ~~brand~~brands in the self-storage industry, including our ubiquitous orange color.

On August 14, 2023, we completed a reorganization that resulted in us holding the interests in our facilities through an operating partnership, Public Storage OP, L.P. and its subsidiaries including Public Storage Operating Company, formerly known as Public Storage, which was organized in 1980. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT. After the reorganization, the primary assets of the parent entity, Public Storage, are general partner and limited partner interests in Public Storage OP, L.P.

Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Public Storage” mean the parent entity, Public Storage, references to “PSA OP” mean Public Storage OP, L.P., and references to “PSOC” mean Public Storage Operating Company. References to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean collectively Public Storage, PSA OP, PSOC and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Public Storage, PSA OP, and PSOC.

Self-storage Operations:

We acquire, develop, own, and operate self-storage facilities, which offer storage spaces for lease on a month-to-month basis, for personal and business use. We are the largest owner of self-storage facilities in the United States (“U.S.”), with physical presence in most major markets and 40 states. We believe our scale, brand name, and technology platform afford us competitive advantages. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we held interests in and consolidated 3,~~073~~171 self-storage facilities (an aggregate of ~~221~~229 million net rentable square feet of space) operating under the Public Storage® name.

Other Operations:

We manage insurance programs whereby ~~customers~~tenants at our facilities, including those we manage for third parties, have the option of purchasing insurance from a non-affiliated insurance company to cover certain losses to their stored goods. A wholly-owned, consolidated subsidiary of Public Storage fully reinsures these policies and thereby assumes all risk of losses under the policies. This subsidiary receives from the non-affiliated insurance company reinsurance premiums substantially equal to the premiums collected from our tenants. These policies cover claims for losses related to specified events up to a maximum limit of $5,000 per storage unit. We reinsure all risks in this program but purchase insurance from an independent third-party insurer to cover this exposure for a limit of $15.0 million for losses in excess of $10.0 million per occurrence. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, there were approximately 1.45 million certificates of insurance held by participating self-storage ~~customers~~tenants, representing aggregate coverage of approximately $67.82 billion.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we managed ~~307~~362 facilities for third parties (with approximately 2328.32 million net rentable square feet), and were under contract to manage 9584 additional facilities including 9378 facilities that are currently under construction. ~~In addition, we sell merchandise, primarily locks and cardboard boxes, at our self-storage facilities.~~

We ~~implemented~~also aoffer ~~bridge~~merchandise ~~lending program in 2024, under which we provide financing to third-party self-storage owners~~ for ~~operating~~sale ~~properties~~at ~~that~~our ~~we manage. We generally originate bridge loans that are collateralized by operating~~ self-storage ~~properties~~facilities, ~~have~~primarily aconsisting ~~term~~ of ~~three~~locks ~~or four years with two one-year extensions,~~ and ~~have~~cardboard ~~variable interest rates. At December 31~~boxes, ~~2024, we had a bridge loan receivable balance of $10.0 million and an unfunded loan commitment of $12.5 million, the closing of which is subject~~ to ~~the~~support ~~satisfaction~~customers’ ofstorage ~~certain conditions~~needs.

We ~~hold~~implemented a ~~35%~~lending ~~interest~~program in ~~Shurgard~~2024, ~~Self~~under ~~Storage~~which ~~Limited~~we ~~(“Shurgard”)~~provide bridge lending financing to third-party self-storage owners for operating properties that we manage. ~~Shurgard~~We isgenerally originate bridge loans that are collateralized by operating self-storage properties, have a ~~public~~term ~~company~~of ~~traded~~three onor ~~Euronext~~four ~~Brussels~~years ~~under~~with ~~the~~two ~~“SHUR”~~one-year ~~symbol~~extensions, and have variable interest rates. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~Shurgard~~we ~~owned~~had ~~and~~a ~~operated~~bridge ~~318~~loan ~~self-storage~~receivable ~~facilities~~balance ~~(17~~of $142.1 million ~~net~~and ~~rentable~~unfunded ~~square~~loan ~~feet)~~commitments ~~located~~of in$43.9 ~~seven~~million, ~~countries~~the inclosing ~~Western~~of ~~Europe~~which ~~under~~is subject to the ~~Shurgard®~~satisfaction ~~name~~of certain conditions.

We hold a 35% interest in Shurgard Self Storage Limited (“Shurgard”). Shurgard is a public company traded on Euronext Brussels under the “SHUR” symbol. At December 31, 2025, Shurgard owned and operated 332 self-storage facilities (18 million net rentable square feet) located in seven countries in Western Europe under the Shurgard® name.

For all periods presented herein, we have elected to be treated as a REIT, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). For each taxable year in which we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our “REIT taxable income” (generally, taxable income subject to specified adjustments, including a deduction for dividends paid and excluding our net capital gain) that is distributed to our shareholders. We believe we met these requirements in all periods presented herein and we expect to continue to qualify as a REIT.

We file annually with the SEC annual reports on Form 10-K, which include consolidated financial statements certified by our independent registered public accountants. We also file quarterly with the SEC quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, which include unaudited consolidated financial statements. We expect to continue such reporting.

On our website, www.publicstorage.com, we make available, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, definitive proxy statements, and other reports required to be filed with or furnished to the SEC, as well as all supplements and amendments to those filings, as soon as reasonably practicable after the filings, supplements, and amendments are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information contained on our website is not a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Competition

Ownership and operation of self-storage facilities is highly fragmented. As the largest owner of self-storage facilities, we believe that we own approximately 9% of the self-storage square footage in the U.S. and that collectively the four largest self-storage owners in the U.S. own approximately 2022%, with the remaining 8078% owned by regional and local operators. We believe our Public Storage® brand awareness, as well as the innovative improvements we have made to the customer experience described below, provide us with a competitive advantage in acquiring and retaining customers relative to other self-storage operators.

The high level of ownership fragmentation in the industry is partially attributable to the relative simplicity of managing a local self-storage facility, such that small-scale owners can operate self-storage facilities at a basic level of profitability without significant managerial or operational infrastructure. Our facilities compete with nearby self-storage facilities owned by other operators, who use marketing channels, including ~~Internet~~internet advertising, signage, and banners, and offer services similar to ours. As a result, competition ismay be significant and ~~affects~~can affect the occupancy levels, rental rates, rental income, and operating expenses of our facilities. However, we believe that the economies of scale inherent in this business allow us to operate self-storage facilities at a materially higher level of cash flow per square foot than other operators without our scale.

Technology

We believe technology enables improved customer experience, revenue optimization, and cost efficiencies. Over the past few years, we have invested in additional technologies that we believe have enabled us to operate and compete more effectively by providing customers with an enhanced digital experience.

Convenient shopping experience: Customers can conveniently shop for available storage space, reviewing attributes such as facility location, size, amenities (such as climate-control), and pricing through the following marketing channels:

•Our Website: The online marketing channel is a key source of customers. ~~Approximately~~We ~~83% of our move-ins in 2024 were sourced through our website, and we~~ believe that many of our other customers who reserved directly through our customer care center or arrived at a facility and moved in without a reservation reviewed our pricing and availability online through our website. We seek to update the structure, layout, and content of our website regularly to enhance our placement in “unpaid” search in Google and related websites, to improve the efficiency of our bids in “paid” search campaigns and visibility on large language model platforms, and to maximize users’ likelihood of reserving space on our website.

•Our Customer Care Center: Our customer care center is staffed by skilled sales specialists and customer service representatives. Customers can reach our customer care center and complete their rental over the phone by calling our advertised toll-free telephone numbers provided on search engines, from our website, the Public Storage App, or from our in-store kiosks. We believe giving customers the option to interact with a live agent, despite the higher marginal cost relative to a reservation made on our website, enhances our ability to close sales with potential customers and results in greater satisfaction. We also have live Internet chat augmented with ChatBot/Virtual ~~capability~~Agent capabilities as another channel for our customers to engage our agents, cost effectively improving customer responsiveness.

•Our Properties: Customers can also shop for available space at any one of our facilities. Property managers access the same information that is available on our website and to our customer care center agents and can inform the customer of available space at that site or at our other nearby storage facilities. Property managers are trained to maximize the conversion of such “walk in” shoppers into customers. ~~We are expanding the use of in-store kiosks to give customers the options of a full self-service experience or a two-way video assisted service via our existing customer care center.~~

eRental® move-in process: To further enhance the move-in experience, we offer our eRental® process whereby prospective tenants (including those who initially reserved a space) can execute their rental agreement from their smartphone or computer and then go directly to their space on the move-in date. ~~Approximately~~Nearly ~~70%~~three quarters of our new rental agreements were completed by customers ~~utilized~~using our eRental® and Rent by Phone process during ~~2024~~2025.

Public Storage App: We maintain an industry leading smartphone application. The Public Storage App provides our tenants with digital access to our properties, as well as payment and other account management functions.

~~Public~~Centralized ~~Storage~~information ~~App~~network: WeOur ~~maintain~~centralized anreporting ~~industry~~and ~~leading~~information ~~customer~~network ~~smartphone~~enables ~~application.~~us ~~The~~to ~~Public~~identify ~~Storage~~changing ~~App~~market ~~provides~~conditions ~~our~~and ~~customers~~operating ~~with~~trends ~~digital~~and ~~access~~analyze tenants data. Our network allows us to quickly change each of our ~~properties~~individual property’s pricing and promotions, asdrive ~~well~~marketing spending, such as ~~payment~~the relative level of bidding for various paid search terms on paid search engines, and ~~other~~staff ~~account~~and ~~management~~respond ~~functions~~to customer requests more timely.

Centralized information network: Our centralized reporting and information network enables us to identify changing market conditions and operating trends and analyze customer data. Our network allows us to quickly change each of our individual property’s pricing and promotions, and drive marketing spending, such as the relative level of bidding for various paid search terms on paid search engines.

Growth and Investment Strategies

Our ongoing growth strategies consist of: (i) improving the operating performance of our existing self-storage facilities, (ii) acquiring, expanding and developing facilities, and (iii) growing ancillary business activities including tenant reinsurance, third-party management services and aour bridge lending program. While our long-term strategy includes each of these elements, in the short term the level of growth in our asset base in any period is dependent upon the cost and availability of capital, as well as the relative attractiveness of available investment alternatives.

Improve the operating performance of existing facilities: We regularly update and enhance our strategies to increase the net cash flow of our existing self-storage facilities through maximizing revenues and controlling operating costs. We maximize revenues through striking the appropriate balance between occupancy and rates for new and existing tenants by regularly adjusting (i) our promotional and other discounts, (ii) the rental rates we charge to new and existing ~~customers~~tenants, and (iii) our marketing spending and intensity. We adjust these pricing and marketing decisions by observing their impact on web and customer care center traffic, reservations, move-ins, move-outs, tenant length of stay, and other indicators of response. The size and scope of our operations have enabled us to achieve high operating margins and a low level of administrative costs relative to revenues through the centralization of many functions, such as facility maintenance, employee compensation and benefits programs, revenue management, and the development and documentation of standardized operating procedures.

Acquire existing properties: We seek to capitalize on the fragmentation of the self-storage industry through acquiring attractively priced, well-located existing self-storage facilities. We believe our presence in and knowledge of substantially all of the major markets in the U.S. enhance our ability to identify attractive acquisition opportunities. Data on the rental rates and occupancy levels of our existing facilities provide us an advantage in evaluating the potential of acquisition opportunities. Our aggressiveness in bidding for marketed facilities depends upon many factors including the potential for future growth, the quality of construction and location, the cash flow we expect from the facility when operated on our platform, how well the facility fits into our current geographic footprint, and our return on capital expectations.

Develop new self-storage facilities and expand existing facilities: The development of new self-storage locations and the expansion of existing facilities have been an important source of our growth. Our operating experience in major markets and experience in stabilizing new properties provide us advantages in developing new facilities. We plan to increase our development activity when we identify attractive risk adjusted return profiles with yields above those of acquisitions. However, our level of development is dependent upon many factors, including the cost and availability of land, the cost and availability of construction materials and labor, zoning and permitting limitations, our cost of capital, the cost of acquiring facilities relative to developing new facilities, and local demand and economic conditions.

Grow ancillary business activities: We pursue growth initiatives aimed at increasing our insurance offering coverage for tenants who choose to protect their stored items against loss ~~and desire to maximize their experience~~. AsAdditionally, as we grow our self-storage portfolio through acquisition, development and third-party management, we have the opportunity to increase the growth profile of our tenant reinsurance business.

Our third party management business enables us to generate revenues through management fees, expand our presence, increase our economies of scale, promote our brand, and enhance our ability to acquire additional facilities over the medium and long-term as a result of strategic relationships forged with third-party owners.

InWe ~~2024~~also weprovide ~~implemented a~~ bridge lending ~~program, under which we provide~~ financing to third-party self-storage owners ~~for operating properties that we manage~~. This program not only enables us to earn interest and other fee income, but we also ~~increases~~require ~~our~~the ~~business~~borrower into ~~tenant~~utilize ~~reinsurance~~our ~~and~~ third- party ~~self-storage~~ management ~~and~~program, ~~creates~~resulting ~~opportunities~~in ~~for~~additional ~~potential~~income ~~future~~from ~~acquisitions~~managing the assets and tenant reinsurance.

Compliance with Government Regulations

We are subject to various laws, ordinances, and regulations, including various federal, state, and local regulations that apply generally to the ownership of real property and the operation of self-storage facilities. These include various laws and regulations concerning environmental matters, pricing, labor matters, and employee safety and health matters. Further, our insurance activities are subject to state insurance laws and regulations as determined by the insurance commission for each state in accordance with certain federal regulations.

We are committed to a long-term environmental stewardship program that reduces emissions of hazardous materials into the environment and the remediation of identified existing environmental concerns, including environmentally friendly capital initiatives and building and operating properties with high structural resilience and low obsolescence. We accrue environmental assessments and estimated remediation costs when it is probable that such efforts will be required and the related costs can be reasonably estimated. Our current practice is to conduct environmental investigations in connection with property acquisitions. Although there can be no assurance, we are not aware of any environmental contamination of any of our facilities that individually or in the aggregate would be material to our overall business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Refer to Item 1A, “Risk Factors” below for a discussion of certain risks related to government regulations, including risks related to environmental regulations, emergency regulations adopted in response to wildfires, flooding, or public health crises that restrict access to our facilities or the rents we can charge our customers, wage regulations, income tax regulations including relating to REIT qualification, and property tax regulations.

Aside from the regulations discussed therein, we are not aware of any government regulations that have resulted or that we expect will result in compliance costs that had or will have a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position.

Human Capital Resources

Our employees are the cornerstone of our business and ~~fundamental~~critical to our ability to execute ~~our~~ corporate strategies and ~~create~~deliver long-term value for our stakeholders. Our human capital management strategy focuses on attracting, developing, and retaining ~~the~~exceptional ~~highest quality~~ talent. We ~~achieve~~accomplish ~~these~~this ~~objectives~~ by committing to our employees to ~~provide~~foster a diverse and ~~welcoming~~inclusive ~~working environment~~workplace, ~~regular~~maintain ~~and~~ transparent communication, offer competitive compensation, and comprehensive benefits, and provide robust opportunities for career growth and professional development. WeGuided ~~believe~~by ~~that~~our ~~this approach, together with the~~ core principles of ~~our corporate culture,~~ doing the right thing and upholding integrity in all that we do, ~~promotes~~we believe this approach strengthens employee engagement and a commitment to Public Storage.

We have approximately 5,~~900~~770 employees, including 54,~~120~~920 customer facing roles (such as property level and customer care center personnel), ~~340~~410 field management employees, and 440 employees in our corporate operations.

The following is an overview of our key programs and initiatives ~~focused~~aimed onat attracting, developing, and retaining ~~the~~top ~~highest quality~~ talent. For ~~detailed~~comprehensive ~~information~~details ~~regarding~~on ~~such~~these programs ~~and initiatives~~, including our sustainability efforts, strategies, commitments, and progress, please refer to our ~~2024~~2025 Sustainability Report, which is available on our website at publicstorage.com. ~~The~~Information ~~information~~ contained on our website, including such report, is not a part of, ornor incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Inclusive Culture

We are committed to ~~creating~~fostering a workplace that values ~~people~~individuals ~~with~~from adiverse ~~wide range of~~ backgrounds, where every employee feels valued and able to bebring their authentic self asto ~~part of~~ our best-in-class team. Public Storage hires based on skills, ~~personality~~experience, and ~~experience~~character, without regard to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or any other protected characteristic. We maintain policies regarding equal opportunity, pay-for-performance, discrimination, harassment, and labor (including opposition to child and compulsory labor).

Our ~~commitments~~dedication to excellence and hiring ~~“the~~top ~~best”~~talent ~~have~~has ~~fostered~~cultivated an inclusive ~~team~~workforce that reflects the diversity of the customers we serve. ~~We publicly disclose our annual Consolidated EEO-1 report, which reflects the race, ethnicity, and gender composition of our workforce, on the Investor Relations section of our website.~~

Communication and Engagement

Given the geographically dispersed nature of our business, maintaining ~~regular~~clear and ~~clear~~consistent communication is essential to ensuring ~~that our~~ employees feel informed, included, ~~valued,~~ and engaged. We ~~use~~leverage ~~various~~multiple communication channels, including ~~emails~~email, newsletters, videos, virtual and in-person meetings, and town halls, to ~~provide~~share updates on company strategy, performance, employee recognition, and other key information. We also provide opportunities for employees to ~~ask~~engage ~~questions~~directly ofwith ~~our~~ leadership.

To ~~gauge~~measure the effectiveness of our engagement strategies, we conduct ~~various~~regular surveys to assess employee commitment, motivation, and overall engagement, ~~and~~as well as to gather feedback. We use this feedback to refine and enhance our policies and programs, ~~for~~including ~~our~~to ~~employees.~~expand ~~This~~opportunities ~~includes~~for ~~the creation of additional~~ career ~~advancement~~development ~~opportunities~~ and ~~development programs~~advancement.

We believe that the success of our engagement strategies can also be seen through third party surveys and recognition. ~~Among~~In ~~other recognitions~~2025, we ~~are~~were proud ~~again~~ to be named a Great Place to Work® infor ~~2024.~~the Wefourth ~~have~~year ~~also~~in ~~been~~a row and recognized by Comparably, Inc. as a “Choice Employer” with an “A+” Culture Score based on employee ~~responses~~feedback across 18 culture metrics, among other recognitions.

Compensation, Health, Wellness, and Safety

Public Storage ~~maintains~~offers comprehensive compensation and benefits programs designed to incentivize, reward, and support our employees. We believe ~~that employee~~ compensation should align with ~~our~~both short- and long-term performance ~~goals~~objectives ~~and~~while ~~provide~~remaining competitive ~~compensation and incentives needed~~ to attract, motivate, and retain ~~employees~~the ~~who~~talent ~~are~~essential ~~crucial~~ to our success. WeOur ~~tailor our~~ compensation programs are tailored to ~~each~~specific ~~employee~~job ~~group~~groups to ensure market competitiveness and ~~enhance~~strengthen overall ~~employee~~ engagement.

WeOur ~~offer~~benefits ~~affordable~~program ~~health~~offers ~~plans~~flexibility, affordability, and ~~programs~~meaningful support, enabling employees to ~~virtually~~choose ~~all~~options ~~our~~that ~~employees.~~best ~~Our~~fit ~~full~~their lives and goals. Full-time employees ~~are~~have ~~eligible~~access to ~~participate~~a ~~in our~~ comprehensive ~~range~~suite of benefits, ~~which~~including ~~include~~ medical, dental, and vision coverage, flexible spending and health savings accounts, ~~discount programs,~~ income protection plans, and retirement benefits through our 401(k) plan. ~~Additionally,~~We wecomplement ~~maintain~~these ~~various~~with employee support programs, including ~~access~~mental ~~to counseling~~health, life planning tools, and discount programs for fitness, legal services, and home, auto, and pet insurance. ~~Finally,~~We wecontinuously ~~offer~~evaluate ~~educational~~feedback ~~resources~~from ~~and~~our ~~tools,~~team ~~including~~to arefine ~~dedicated health~~ and ~~wellness~~enhance ~~website~~our offerings, toensuring ~~encourage~~they ~~employees~~reflect toboth ~~maintain~~the achanging ~~healthy~~needs ~~and~~of ~~balanced~~our ~~lifestyle.~~workforce Weand ~~periodically consider employee feedback received through~~ our ~~engagement~~dedication ~~processes~~to infostering ~~the~~a ~~composition~~positive, ~~and~~healthy ~~design~~work ~~of our compensation and benefits programs~~environment.

We are committed to providing safe self-storage facilities for ~~our~~both customers and employees. We To uphold this commitment, we conduct monthly safety training at all ~~our~~ properties and an annual safety training at our corporate headquarters. We In addition, we publicly disclose ~~our~~ employee health and safety data in our annual Sustainability Report.

Training and Development

At Public Storage, we ~~offer~~recognize that our people are the foundation of our success. To support their growth and engagement, we provide comprehensive training and development programs atacross ~~every~~all ~~level~~levels of the organization. These programs are ~~intended~~designed to ~~provide~~equip ~~our~~ employees with the skills, tools, and knowledge ~~they~~essential ~~need~~for ~~to be successful in their roles and to contribute to the organization’s~~ success., ~~They~~while ~~are~~promoting ~~also~~personal ~~intended to foster individual~~ growth and ~~strong~~supporting ~~employee~~long-term ~~engagement~~career progression.

Most ~~of our~~ new hires join Public Storage as ~~property~~Property ~~managers~~Managers without prior experience in the self-storage industry. WeTo support their success, we provide a hands-on ~~new~~onboarding ~~employee training~~ program that includes coaching and development. For ~~those~~employees ~~new~~joining ~~hires~~ in leadership roles, we ~~provide~~offer property-level training ~~that~~designed ~~exposes~~to immerse them toin daily ~~property~~ operations and isbuild ~~intended~~a tostrong ~~help~~understanding ~~them understand the fundamentals~~ of our business ~~and operations~~fundamentals. We also offer numerous career development opportunities for existing employees, including management training programs. This includes a path for our property level employees to move into management and leadership roles and advance their careers within the Company. Many of our training and career development programs use our online learning platform of training courses and reference materials. In addition to formal training programs, we also offer one-on-one coaching, job shadowing, and mentoring opportunities.

Beyond onboarding, we provide extensive career development opportunities for existing employees, including management training programs that create pathways for advancement into leadership roles. Many of these programs leverage our online learning platform, which provides a wide range of courses and reference materials for continuous learning.

In addition to formal programs, we emphasize personalized development through one-on-one coaching, job shadowing, and mentoring opportunities, reinforcing our commitment to employee growth and engagement across all levels of the organization.

Performance Management and Succession Planning

Our performance management ~~processes~~process ~~are~~is designed to ~~encourage~~foster collaboration between employees and their managers. Together, ~~employees~~they ~~and managers work to~~ plan, monitor, and review ~~the employee’s~~ objectives and ~~career~~professional ~~aspirations~~growth goals, establishing ~~and~~accountability ~~holding~~for ~~employees accountable to both~~ short- and long-term goals ~~that~~aligned ~~align~~ with the Company’s strategy. This ~~is a~~ continuous process ~~intended~~provides ~~to provide~~ regular opportunities for ~~employees~~feedback and ~~their~~dialogue ~~managers~~ to ~~share~~support ~~and~~employee ~~receive feedback~~development.

Succession planning isremains a priority for management and ~~our~~the Board, and is ~~viewed~~considered as critical to ensuring business continuity and supporting ~~the Company’s~~ long-term growth ~~and success~~. ~~Periodically~~Throughout ~~throughout~~the ~~each~~ year, the executive team ~~meets~~reviews ~~to review and assess~~ the Company’s succession bench strength, ~~evaluate~~evaluates talent, and ~~make~~recommends ~~recommendations~~strategies ~~for~~to ~~developing~~develop and ~~preparing~~prepare future leaders ~~within the organization~~. This ~~collaborative~~proactive approach to talent management ~~works~~is designed to ~~ensure~~provide ~~that~~ employees ~~are~~with ~~given~~ opportunities to grow beyond their current roles and responsibilities, strengthening our leadership pipeline and enhancing the Company’s long-term stability and adaptability.

Climate Change and Environmental Stewardship

We are committed to managing climate-related risks and opportunities. Our goal is to operate in a responsible and sustainable manner that aligns with our long-term corporate strategy and promotes our best interests along with those of our stakeholders, including our customers, investors, employees, and the communities in which we do business.

Our management ~~Environmental, Social, and Governance Steering Committee (our “~~Sustainability Committee”) guides our commitment to sustainability and has primary responsibility for climate-related activities. The Sustainability Committee reports to our Board and its committees, which oversee all of our sustainability initiatives.

We consider potential environmental impacts—both positive and negative—in our decision making across the business. We measure and monitor our environmental impact and leverage sustainability measures to reduce this impact while achieving cost efficiencies in our operations by implementing a range of energy, water, and waste management initiatives.

We measure and monitor our environmental impact and leverage sustainability measures to reduce this impact while achieving cost efficiencies in our operations by implementing a range of energy, water, and waste management initiatives. Many of these initiatives are integrated into our ongoing Property of Tomorrow capital investment program.

Regarding climate, we assess risks and opportunities in conjunction with ongoing operating and risk management processes across the company. We give primary consideration to physical, regulatory, legal, market, and reputational risks. Examples of these risks include heat/water stress, natural disasters, pandemics, temperature change, and regulatory compliance. We are addressing potential heat stress risks (e.g., higher energy costs, more frequent power outages, and impacts on our customers and workforce) through initiatives such as converting to LED lighting, efficient HVAC, and solar power generation installation. We are addressing potential water stress risks (e.g., increased costs and decreased availability) through initiatives such as efficient plumbing systems, low-water use irrigation systems, drought tolerant and native landscaping, water run-off controls, and storm water retention. We address the remaining risks primarily through natural disaster resilient development, redevelopment, and capital expenditures.

We have established a ~~combined~~greenhouse ~~scope~~gas 1reduction ~~and~~goal 2which ~~greenhouse~~is ~~gas~~described ~~reduction~~in ~~goal.~~our ~~Our~~2025 ~~target~~Sustainability Report, which is toavailable ~~achieve~~on aour ~~45%~~website ~~reduction~~at inpublicstorage.com. ~~utility-based~~The ~~emissions,~~information ~~calculated~~contained on anour ~~intensity~~website, ~~basis~~including such report, nois ~~later~~not ~~than~~a ~~2032~~part of, ~~based~~or onincorporated aby ~~2022~~reference ~~baseline.~~into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We will continue to utilize our unique competitive advantages in furthering our environmental stewardship efforts and addressing the effects of climate change. Please refer to our Sustainability Report for further information.

Seasonality

We experience minor seasonal fluctuations in the demand for self-storage space, with demand and rental rates generally higher in the summer months than in the winter months. We believe that these fluctuations result in part from increased moving activity during the summer months.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should consider the risks described below that we believe may be material to investors in evaluating the Company. This section contains forward-looking statements, and in considering these statements, you should refer to the qualifications and limitations on our forward-looking statements that are described in “Item 1. Business.”

Risks Related to Our Properties and Our Business

Natural disasters, terrorist attacks, civil unrest, or other events that could damage or otherwise disrupt our ability to operate our facilities could adversely impact our business and financial results.

Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, fires, hurricanes, drought, extreme temperatures and floods, terrorist attacks, civil unrest, and other events that damage our facilities or our ~~customers~~tenants’ property, or that make our facilities temporarily unavailable, have in the past and may in the future adversely impact our business and financial results. Damage and business interruption losses could exceed the aggregate limits of our insurance coverage. In addition, because we self-insure a portion of our risks, losses below a certain level may not be covered by insurance. See Note 1416 to our December 31, ~~2024~~2025 consolidated financial statements for a description of the risks of losses that are not covered by third-party insurance contracts. Our exposure to these types of events is increased by potential tenant claims associated with our tenant reinsurance business. In addition, ~~customer~~ perceptions about the risk of property loss from these events could negatively impact self-storage demand.

We are subject to risks from the consequences of climate change, including severe weather events and the adverse impact of other steps that may be taken to prevent or mitigate climate change.

Our self-storage facilities are located in areas that may be subject to the direct impacts of climate change, such as increased destructive weather events like floods, fires, drought, and prolonged periods of extreme temperature or other extreme weather, which could result in significant damage to our facilities, increased capital expenditures, increased expenses, reduced revenues, or reduced demand for our facilities. Indirect impacts of climate change could also adversely impact our business, including through increased costs, such as insurance costs or regulatory compliance costs. In addition, government and private efforts to transition to a low-carbon economy present certain risks for us and our customers, including increased energy costs and macroeconomic risks related to high energy costs and energy shortages, among other things. Governmental, political, and societal pressures, including expectations of institutional and activist investors and other interest groups, could require us to implement or accelerate emissions initiatives and, with it, the costs of their implementation. These same potential governmental, political, and social pressures could in the future result in, among other things, (i) costly changes to newly developed facilities or retrofits of our existing facilities to reduce carbon emissions through multiple avenues, including changes to insulation, space configuration, lighting, heating, and air conditioning and (ii) increased energy costs as a result of transitioning to less carbon-intensive, but more expensive, sources of energy to operate our facilities. For example, beginning in 2026, we expect to be required to disclose our Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions data and certain climate-related risk matters under California SB 253 and SB 261, which we expect to result in increased compliance costs. In addition, our reputation and investor relationships could be damaged as a result of our involvement with activities perceived to be causing or exacerbating climate change, as well as any decisions we make to continue to conduct or change our activities in response to considerations relating to climate change.

Operating costs, including property taxes, could increase.

We could be subject to increases in property or other taxes, repair and maintenance costs, payroll, utility costs, insurance premiums, workers compensation, and other operating expenses due to various factors such as inflation, labor shortages, commodity and energy price increases, weather, increases to minimum wage rates, supply chain disruptions, and changes to governmental safety and real estate use limitations and other governmental actions. Our property tax expense, ~~which totaled approximately $452.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2024,~~ generally depends upon the assessed value of our real estate facilities as determined by assessors and government agencies and, accordingly, could be subject to substantial increases if such agencies change their valuation approaches or opinions or if new laws are enacted, especially if new approaches are adopted or laws are enacted that result in increased property tax assessments in states or geographies where we have a high concentration of facilities. See also “We have exposure to increased property tax in California” below.

The acquisition of existing properties or self-storage operating companies is subject to risks that may adversely affect our growth and financial results.

We have acquired self-storage facilities and self-storage operating companies in the past, and we expect to continue to do so in the future. We face significant competition for suitable acquisition properties and companies from other real estate investors, including operating companies and private equity funds. As a result, we may be unable to acquire the companies or additional properties we desire or the purchase price for desirable companies or properties may be significantly increased. Failures or unexpected circumstances in integrating facilities or companies that we acquire, or circumstances we did not detect or anticipate during due diligence, such as environmental matters, needed repairs or deferred maintenance, customer collection issues, assumed liabilities, turnover of critical personnel involved in acquired operating companies, or the effects of increased property tax following reassessment of a newly-acquired property, as well as the general risks of real estate investment and mergers and acquisitions, could jeopardize realization of the anticipated earnings from an acquisition.

Our development program subjects us to risks.

~~At December 31, 2024, we had a pipeline of development projects totaling $741.6 million (subject to contingencies), and we expect to continue to seek additional development projects.~~ There are significant risks involved in developing self-storage facilities, such as delays, cost increases, or inability to complete development projects due to changes in or failure to meet government or regulatory requirements, failure of revenue to meet our underwriting estimates, delays caused by weather issues, unforeseen site conditions, or personnel problems. Self-storage space is generally not pre-leased, and rent-up of newly developed space can be delayed or ongoing cash flow yields can be reduced due to competition, reductions in storage demand, or other factors.

There is significant competition among self-storage operators and from other storage alternatives.

Our self-storage facilities generate most of our revenue and earnings. Significant competition from self-storage operators, property developers, and other storage alternatives may adversely impact our ability to attract and retain customers and may negatively impact our ability to generate revenue. Competition in the local market areas in which many of our properties are located is significant and affects our occupancy levels, rental rates, and operating expenses, particularly advertising costs. There ismay ~~also~~be an increasing influx of capital from outside financing sources driving more money, development, and supply into the industry. Development of self-storage facilities may increase, which may intensify competition as newly developed facilities are opened. Development of self-storage facilities by other operators could increase, due to increases in availability of funds for investment or other reasons, and further intensify competition.

Demand for self-storage facilities may be affected by customer perceptions and factors outside of our control.

Significantly lower logistics costs could introduce new competitors, such as valet-style storage services, which may reduce the demand for traditional self-storage. Customer preferences and/or needs for self-storage could change, decline, or shift to other product types, thereby impacting our business model and ability to grow and/or generate revenues. Shifts in population and demographics could cause the geographical distribution of our portfolio to be suboptimal and affect our ability to maintain occupancy and attract new customers. Security incidents could result in the perception that our properties are not safe. If our customers do not feel our properties are safe, they may select competitors for their self-storage needs, or if there is an industry perception of inadequate security generally, customer use of self-storage could be negatively impacted.

Our newly developed and expanded facilities, and facilities that we manage for third party owners, may negatively impact the revenues of our legacy facilities.

We continue to develop new self-storage facilities and expand our existing self-storage facilities. In addition, we are seeking to increase the number of self-storage facilities that we manage for third party owners in exchange for a fee, many of which are in the process of stabilization and are near our existing stabilized self-storage facilities. In order to hasten the fill-up of these new facilities, we aggressively price such space during the fill-up period. While we believe that this aggressive pricing allows us to increase our market share relative to our competitors and increase the cash flows of these properties, such pricing and the added capacity may also negatively impact our existing stabilized self-storage facilities that are near these unstabilized facilities.

We may incur significant liabilities from environmental contamination or moisture infiltration.

Existing or future laws impose or may impose liability on us to clean up environmental contamination on or around properties that we currently or previously owned or operated, even if we were not responsible for or aware of the environmental contamination or even if such environmental contamination occurred prior to our involvement with the property. We have conducted preliminary environmental assessments on most of our properties, which have not identified any material liabilities. These assessments, commonly referred to as “Phase 1 Environmental Assessments,” include an investigation (excluding soil or groundwater sampling or analysis) and a review of publicly available information regarding the site and other nearby properties.

We are also subject to potential liability relating to moisture infiltration, which can result in mold or other damage to our or our customers’ property, as well as potential health concerns. When we receive a complaint or otherwise become aware that an air quality concern exists, we implement corrective measures and seek to work proactively with our customers to resolve issues, subject to our contractual limitations on liability for such claims.

We are not aware of any environmental contamination or moisture infiltration related liabilities at any of our properties that could be material to our overall business, financial condition, or results of operation. However, we may not have detected all material liabilities, we could acquire properties with material undetected liabilities, or new conditions could arise or develop at our properties, any of which could result in a cash settlement or adversely affect our ability to sell, lease, operate, or encumber affected facilities.

Elevated interest rate levels could adversely impact us and our tenants.

Interest rates remain elevated compared to recent years ~~and may increase~~. As a result, if we issued new debt or preferred shares or refinanced our indebtedness, our debt service costs or preferred share dividend yields would likely be, based on current interest rates, significantly higher than current financing costs. Elevated interest rates also adversely impact the relative attractiveness of the dividend yield on our common shares. Increases in our cost of capital impact our assessment of the yields we consider appropriate to support pursuing property acquisition and development opportunities and thus can impact our external growth prospects. The degree and pace of these changes have had and may continue to have adverse macroeconomic effects that have and may continue to have adverse impacts on our tenants, including as a result of economic recession, increased unemployment, and increased financing costs. For more information on interest rate risk, see Part II, “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”.

Economic conditions can adversely affect our business, financial condition, and growth.

Economic downturns or adverse economic or industry conditions, including those related to high levels of inflation, could adversely impact our financial results, growth, and access to capital. Our revenues and operating cash flow can be negatively impacted by reductions in employment and population levels, household and disposable income, and other general economic factors that lead to a reduction in demand for self-storage space in each of the markets in which we operate.

We have exposure to European operations through our ownership in Shurgard.

We own approximately 35% of the common shares of Shurgard, and this investment has a $382.5 million book value and a $1.3 billion market value (based upon the closing trading price of Shurgard’s common stock) at December 31, 2024. We recognized $19.8 million in equity in earnings and received $22.8 million in dividends in 2024 with respect to Shurgard.

Shurgard, as an owner, operator, and developer of self-storage facilities, is subject to many of the same risks we are with respect to self-storage. However, through our investment in Shurgard, we are exposed to additional risks unique to the various European markets in which Shurgard operates, which may adversely impact our business and financial results, and many of which are referred to in Shurgard’s public filings. These risks include the following:

•Currency risks: Currency fluctuations can impact the fair value of our investment in Shurgard, our equity earnings, our ongoing dividends, and any other related repatriations of cash.

•Legislative, tax, and regulatory risks: Shurgard is subject to a variety of local, national, and pan-European laws and regulations related to permitting and land use, the environment, labor, and other areas, as well as income, property, sales, and value added and employment tax. These laws and regulations can be difficult to apply or interpret, can vary in each country or locality, and are subject to unexpected changes in their form and application due to regional, national, or local political uncertainty and other factors. Such changes, or Shurgard’s failure to comply with these laws, could subject it to penalties or other sanctions, adverse changes in business processes, and, potentially, adverse income tax, property tax, or other tax burdens.

•Impediments to capital repatriation could negatively impact the realization of our investment in Shurgard: Laws in Europe and the U.S. may create, impede, or increase our cost to repatriate distributions received from Shurgard or proceeds from the sale of Shurgard shares.

•Risks of collective bargaining: Collective bargaining, which is prevalent in certain areas in Europe, could negatively impact Shurgard’s labor costs or operations. Many of Shurgard’s employees participate in various national unions.

•Potential operating and individual country risks: Economic slowdowns or extraordinary political or social change in the countries in which it operates have posed, and could continue to pose, challenges or result in future reductions of Shurgard’s operating cash flows.

•Liquidity of our ownership stake: We have no plans to liquidate our interest in Shurgard. However, while Shurgard is a publicly held entity, if we chose to, our ability to liquidate our shares in Shurgard in an efficient manner could be limited by the level of Shurgard’s public “float” relative to any ownership stake we sought to sell. Our existing relationship with our legacy joint venture partner may place further contractual limitations on our ability to sell all of the shares we own if we desired to do so.

•Impediments of Shurgard’s public ownership structure: Shurgard’s strategic decisions, involving activities such as borrowing money, capital contributions, raising capital from third parties, and selling or acquiring significant assets, are determined by its board of directors. As a result, Shurgard may be precluded from taking advantage of opportunities that we would find attractive but that we may not be able to pursue separately, or it could take actions that we do not agree with.

Public health and other crises have adversely impacted, and may in the future adversely impact, our business.

Our business is subject to risks from public health and other crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, including, among others:

•risk of illness or death of our employees or ~~customers~~tenants;

•negative impacts on economic conditions in our markets, which may reduce the demand for self-storage;

•risk that there could be an out-migration of population from major markets where we operate;

•government restrictions that (i) limit or prevent use of our facilities, (ii) limit our ability to increase rent or otherwise limit the rent we can charge, (iii) limit our ability to collect rent or evict delinquent tenants, or (iv) limit our ability to complete development and redevelopment projects;

•risk that we could experience a change in the move-out patterns of our long-term ~~customers~~tenants due to economic uncertainty and increases in unemployment, which could lead to lower occupancies and rent “roll down” as long-term ~~customers~~tenants are replaced with new ~~customers~~tenants at lower rates; and

•risk of negative impacts on the cost and availability of debt and equity capital, which could have a material impact upon our capital and growth plans.

11Local, state, and federal governments have and may in the future adopt regulations that could adversely impact our

We have been and may in the future be adversely impacted by emergency regulations adopted in response to significant events, such as natural disasters or public health crises, that could adversely impact our operations.

~~In response to significant events~~Local, ~~local,~~ state, and federal governments have and may in the future adopt regulations that could adversely impact our operations, including in response to natural disasters and public health crises. For example, in response to wildfires in 2018, 2019, and early 2025 and floods in 2023, the State of California and some localities in California adopted temporary regulations that imposed certain limits on the rents we could charge at certain of our facilities and the extent to which we could increase rents to existing tenants. Similarly, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, certain localities adopted restrictions on the use of certain of our facilities, limited our ability to increase rents, limited our ability to collect rent or evict delinquent tenants, and limited our ability to complete development and redevelopment projects. California and other jurisdictions have also adopted regulations restricting our operations relating to pricing methodologies, restrictions on fees, procedures for selling stored property of delinquent tenants, marketing restrictions related to price changes and promotional rates, zoning restrictions and other matters. Similar restrictions could be imposed in the future, including in response to significant events and these restrictions could adversely impact our operations.

Our marketing and pricing strategies may fail to be effective or may be constrained by factors outside of our control.

Marketing initiatives, including our increasing dependence on Google to source customers, may fail to be effective and could negatively impact financial performance. ~~Approximately~~More ~~67%~~than half of our new storage customers in ~~2024~~2025 were sourced directly or indirectly through “unpaid” search and “paid” search campaigns on Google. We believe that the vast majority of customers searching for self-storage use Google at some stage in their shopping experience. Google is providing tools to allow smaller and less sophisticated operators to bid for search terms, increasing competition for self-storage search terms. The predominance of Google in the shopping experience, as well as Google’s enabling of additional competitors to bid for placements in self-storage search terms, may reduce the number of new customers that we can procure, and/or increase our costs to obtain new customers.

In addition, the inability to utilize our pricing methodology due to regulatory or market constraints could also significantly impact our financial results.

We are exposed to ongoing litigation and other legal and regulatory actions, which may divert management’s time and attention, require us to pay damages and expenses or restrict the operation of our business.

We ~~have approximately 5,900 employees and 2.0 million customers, and we conduct business at facilities in 40 states. As a result, we~~ are subject to the risk of legal claims and proceedings (including class actions) and regulatory enforcement actions across many jurisdictions in the ordinary course of our business and otherwise, and we could incur significant liabilities and substantial legal fees from these actions. Resolution of these claims and actions may divert time and attention of our management and could involve payment of damages or expenses by us, all of which may be significant, and could damage our reputation and our brand. In addition, any such resolution could involve our agreement to terms that restrict the operation of our business. The results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. We cannot guarantee that losses incurred in connection with any current or future legal or regulatory proceedings or actions will not exceed any provisions we may have set aside in respect of such proceedings or actions or any available insurance coverage. Any such legal claims, proceedings, and regulatory enforcement actions could negatively impact our operating results, cash flow available for distribution or reinvestment, and/or the price of our common shares.

InOur ~~addition,~~use ~~through~~of ~~exercising~~or ~~their~~failure ~~authority~~ to ~~regulate~~adopt ~~our~~advancements ~~activities,~~in ~~governmental~~information ~~agencies~~technology, ~~can~~such ~~otherwise~~as ~~negatively~~artificial ~~impact~~intelligence, ~~our~~may ~~business~~hinder ~~by increasing costs~~ or ~~decreasing~~prevent ~~revenues,~~us ~~including~~from ~~through~~achieving ~~restrictions~~strategic onobjectives ~~rent~~or ~~increases~~otherwise orharm ~~fees~~our business.

12Our use of or inability to safely and effectively adopt and deliver new technological capabilities and enhancements in line with strategic objectives, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, may put us at a competitive disadvantage; cause us to miss opportunities to innovate, achieve efficiencies, or improve the customer experience; or adversely impact our business, reputation, results of operations, and financial condition. For example, we have begun to

~~Our~~utilize ~~use~~artificial ofintelligence ortechnologies ~~failure to adopt advancements~~ in ~~information~~various ~~technology~~aspects ~~may~~of ~~hinder~~our orbusiness, ~~prevent~~which usare ~~from~~susceptible ~~achieving~~to ~~strategic~~errors ~~objectives~~and ~~or otherwise harm our business.~~other

~~Our~~malfunctions ~~use~~which of or inability to adopt and deliver new technological capabilities and enhancements in line with strategic objectives, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, may put us at a competitive disadvantage; cause us to miss opportunities to innovate, achieve efficiencies, or improve the customer experience; or adversely impact our business, reputation, results of operations, and financial condition. Legislative activity in the privacy area may also result in new laws that are applicable to us and that may hinder our business, including by restricting our use of customer data or otherwise regulating the use of algorithms and automated processing in ways that could ~~materially affect our business or~~ lead to ~~significant~~operational ~~increases~~challenges in the cost of compliance. In addition, the use of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, entails risks including risks relating to the possibility of intellectual property infringement or misappropriation; data privacy; new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, requirements, litigation, or other liability; ethical concerns; negative consumer perceptions as to automation and ~~artificial~~reputational ~~intelligence; or other complications or liabilities that could adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations, or financial results~~risks.

Legislative and regulatory activity related to information technology, including related to privacy, may also result in new laws that are applicable to us and that may hinder our business, including by restricting our use of customer data or otherwise regulating the use of algorithms and automated processing in ways that could materially affect our business or lead to significant increases in the cost of compliance. In addition, the use of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, entails risks including risks relating to the possibility of intellectual property infringement or misappropriation; data privacy; quality control related to artificial intelligence outputs; new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, requirements, litigation, or other liability; ethical concerns; negative consumer perceptions as to automation and artificial intelligence; or other complications or liabilities that could adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations, or financial results. Although we have adopted policies with respect to these risks, including related to the development, deployment and monitoring of artificial intelligence tools, we cannot be certain that such policies will be effective.

The failure or disruption of our computer and communications systems, on which we are heavily dependent, could significantly harm our business.

We are heavily dependent upon automated information technology and Internet commerce, with more than half of our new customers coming from the telephone or over the Internet. We centrally manage significant components of our operations with our computer systems, including our financial information, and we also rely extensively on third-party vendors to retain data, process transactions, and provide other systems services. These systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, system, network, internet and telecommunications failures, hackers, including through a ransomware attack, computer worms, viruses, and other destructive or disruptive cybersecurity incidents, and catastrophic events. Such incidents could also result in significant costs to repair or replace such networks or information systems, as well as actual monetary losses in case of a cybersecurity incident that resulted in fraudulent payments or other cash transactions. Our operations could be severely impacted by a natural disaster, terrorist attack, attack by hackers, acts of vandalism, data theft, misplaced or lost data, programming or human error, or other circumstance that results in a significant outage of our systems or those of our third party providers, despite our use of back up and redundancy measures. While we may be entitled to damages if our third-party providers fail to satisfy their security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award.

If our confidential information is compromised or corrupted, including as a result of a cybersecurity incident, our reputation and business relationships could be damaged and our financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

In the ordinary course of our business we acquire and store sensitive data, including personally identifiable information of our prospective and current customers and our employees. The secure processing and maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Although we believe we and our third-party service providers have taken commercially reasonable steps to protect the security of our confidential information, information security risks have generally increased in recent years due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyberattacks. Further, new technologies such as artificial intelligence may be more capable at evading these safeguard measures. Despite our security measures, we face cybersecurity threats, including system, network, or Internet failures; cyberattacks, ransomware, and other malware; social engineering; and phishing schemes. In these cases, our information technology and infrastructure could be vulnerable and our or our customers’ or employees’ confidential information could be compromised or misappropriated. Any such cybersecurity incident, including those impacting personal information, could result in serious and harmful consequences for us or our customers. A cybersecurity incident could also interfere with our ability to comply with financial reporting requirements. Additionally, future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and threats, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies. Furthermore, we may discover security issues that were not found during due diligence of such acquired or integrated entities, and it may be difficult to integrate companies into our information technology environment and security program.

Our confidential information may also be compromised due to programming or human error, negligence, or fraud. Although we and our third-party service providers make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our information, including the implementation of security measures, required employee awareness training, and the existence of a disaster recovery plan, there is no guarantee that they will be adequate to safeguard against all cybersecurity incidents or misuses of data. In addition, as the regulatory environment related to information security, data collection and use, and privacy becomes increasingly rigorous, with new and changing requirements applicable to our business from multiple regulatory agencies at the local, state, federal, or international level, compliance with those requirements could also result in additional costs, or we could fail to comply with those requirements due to various reasons.

Any such access, disclosure, or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption to our operations and the services we provide to customers, or damage to our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, reputation, and competitive position. In addition, our customers could lose confidence in our ability to protect their personal information, which could cause them to discontinue leasing our self-storage facilities. Such events could lead to lost future revenues and adversely affect our results of operations, or result in remedial and other costs, fines, or lawsuits, which could exceed any available insurance that we have procured.

We have identified and expect to continue to identify cyberattacks and cybersecurity incidents on our systems and those of third parties we rely upon, but none of the cyberattacks and incidents we have identified to date has had a material impact on our business or operations. While we have purchased cybersecurity insurance, there are no assurances that the coverage would be adequate in relation to any incurred losses. Moreover, as cyberattacks increase in frequency and magnitude, we may be unable to obtain cybersecurity insurance in amounts and on terms we view as adequate for our operations.

Further information relating to cybersecurity risk management is discussed in Item 1C. “Cybersecurity” in this report.

~~Ineffective~~If ~~succession~~we ~~planning~~fail ~~for~~to ~~our~~successfully ~~CEO~~execute ~~and executive management, as well as for~~ our ~~other~~recent ~~key~~leadership ~~employees~~succession, we may ~~impact~~struggle ~~the~~to ~~execution~~effectively ofexecute our strategic plan.

We ~~may~~recently ~~not~~announced ~~effectively~~leadership orchanges, ~~appropriately~~including ~~identify~~a ~~ready-now~~change ~~succession~~in ~~candidates~~our ~~for~~Chairman of the Board, our ~~CEO~~President and ~~executive~~Chief ~~management~~Executive ~~team~~Officer and our Chief Financial Officer. Although these changes were made pursuant to the Board’s succession planning efforts, ~~which~~there ~~may~~is ~~negatively~~no ~~impact~~guarantee ~~our~~that ~~ability~~the transition to ~~meet~~new ~~key~~leadership will be executed successfully. Failure to successfully implement these successions may result in disruptions in the execution of our strategic ~~goals~~plan. Failure to successfully implement future succession plans for other key employees may leave us vulnerable to retirements and turnover.

~~We may fail to protect our intellectual property adequately.~~13

We ~~maintain~~may abe ~~portfolio~~harmed ofif ~~trademarks and trade dress that~~ we ~~believe~~fail ~~are fundamental~~ to ~~the success of the Public Storage® brand. While we actively seek to enforce and expand our rights, failure to adequately~~ protect our ~~rights could lead to loss of such trademark and trade dress protection. We also own and seek to protect other~~ intellectual property, such as propriety systems, processes, data, and other trade secrets that we have collected and developed in the course of operating our business and that we believe provides us with various competitive advantagesadequately. Our protections could be inadequate or we could lose rights to our other intellectual property and trade secrets. Competitor use of our trademarks and trade names could lead to likelihood of confusion, tarnishment of our brand, and loss of legal protection for our marks.

We maintain a portfolio of trademarks and trade dress that we believe are fundamental to the success of the Public Storage® brand. While we actively seek to enforce and protect our rights, failure to adequately protect our rights could lead to loss of such trademark and trade dress protection. We also own and may seek to protect other intellectual property, such as propriety systems, processes, data, and other trade secrets that we have collected and developed in the course of operating our business and that we believe provides us with various competitive advantages. Our protections could be inadequate or we could lose rights to our other intellectual property and trade secrets. Competitor use of our trademarks and trade names could lead to likelihood of confusion, tarnishment of our brand, and loss of legal protection for our marks.

We may be subject to labor disruptions related to unionization efforts.

Our employees have been and may in the future be subject to unionization efforts. These activities could lead to labor disruptions which could adversely impact our ability to operate our business and could negatively impact our reputation. In addition, these activities could result in collective bargaining agreements, which could result in increased operating and legal costs.

~~Our~~We ~~use~~may record losses as a result of ~~artificial~~the ~~intelligence~~bankruptcy, ~~could~~insolvency, ~~expose~~or usother tocredit ~~various~~failure ~~risks.~~of the borrowers under our

Webridge ~~have~~lending ~~begun~~financing toprogram. ~~utilize~~In ~~artificial~~that ~~intelligence~~case, ~~technologies in various aspects of~~ our ~~business.~~revenues ~~Artificial intelligence technologies are susceptible to errors~~ and ~~other~~results ~~malfunctions~~of ~~which~~operations ~~could lead to operational challenges and reputational risks. In addition, we~~ may be ~~subject~~materially ~~to increasing regulations related to our use of these technologies, including regulations related to privacy, data security,~~ and ~~intellectual property rights, which could expose us to legal risks.~~

14adversely impacted.

Although we conduct due diligence and aim to carefully evaluate the risks associated with this debt and other investments, we could incur losses from our lending decisions, which includes subjective and complex judgments and forecasts of economic conditions and how these economic predictions might impair the ability of our borrowers to operate their business and/or make all required payments. For example, volatility of the capital and credit markets, increased interest rates, lower demand for self-storage and general economic conditions may adversely affect the solvency, creditworthiness or operations of our borrowers. If our forecasts prove incorrect, or if any of our borrowers fail to perform as expected, we may incur losses from these bridge loans which could have a material adverse effect on our operating revenue and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Ownership, Organization and Structure

Takeover attempts or changes in control could be thwarted, even if beneficial to shareholders.

In certain circumstances, shareholders might desire a change in control or acquisition of us in order to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our shares or for other reasons. However, the following could prevent, deter, or delay such a transaction:

•Provisions of Maryland law may impose limitations that may make it more difficult for a third party to negotiate or effect a business combination transaction or control share acquisition with Public Storage. Currently, our Board has opted not to subject the Company to these provisions of Maryland law, but it could choose to do so in the future without shareholder approval.

•To protect against the loss of our REIT status due to concentration of ownership levels, our declaration of trust generally limits the ability of a person, other than the Hughes family or “designated investment entities” (each as defined in our declaration of trust), to own, actually or constructively, more than 3% of our outstanding common shares or 9.9% of the outstanding shares of any class or series of preferred or equity shares. Our Board may grant, and has previously granted, a specific exemption. These limits could discourage, delay, or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of the Company not approved by our Board.

•Similarly, current provisions of our declaration of trust and powers of our Board could have the same effect, including (1) limitations on removal of trustees, (2) restrictions on the acquisition of our shares of beneficial interest, (3) the power to issue additional common shares, preferred shares, or equity shares on terms approved by our Board without obtaining shareholder approval, (4) the advance notice provisions of our bylaws, and (5) our Board’s ability under Maryland law, without obtaining shareholder approval, to implement takeover defenses that we may not yet have and to take, or refrain from taking, other actions that could have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing a transaction or a change in control.

Holders of our preferred shares have dividend, liquidation, and other rights that are senior to the rights of the holders of our common shares.

Holders of our preferred shares are entitled to cumulative dividends before any dividends may be declared or set aside on our common shares. Upon liquidation, holders of our preferred shares will receive a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share (or $25.00 per depositary share) plus any accrued and unpaid distributions before any payment is made to the common shareholders. These preferences may limit the amount received by our common shareholders either from ongoing distributions or upon liquidation. In addition, our preferred shareholders have the right to elect two additional directors to our Board whenever dividends are in arrears in an aggregate amount equivalent to six or more quarterly dividends, whether or not consecutive.

Public Storage is a holding company with no direct operations, and it relies on funds received from PSA OP and PSOC to pay its obligations and make distributions to shareholders

Public Storage is a holding company with no direct operations. All of Public Storage’s property ownership, development, and related business operations are conducted through PSOC (which is wholly-owned by PSA OP) and Public Storage has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in PSA OP. As a result, Public Storage relies on distributions from PSA OP, which in turn relies on distributions from PSOC, to make common and preferred share dividend payments. Although Public Storage ~~currently wholly-owns (directly or indirectly) PSA OP and PSOC, and therefore~~ exercises ~~exclusive~~ control over PSA OP and PSOC, including the authority to cause PSA OP and PSOC to make distributions, in connection with our future acquisition activities or otherwise, PSA OP may issue additional units of limited partnership to third parties, and these limited partners may negotiate for certain rights. In addition, because Public Storage is a holding company, shareholder claims are structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of PSA OP and PSOC and their subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of a bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation or reorganization of PSA OP or PSOC, or their subsidiaries, assets of PSA OP or PSOC or the applicable subsidiary will be available to satisfy any claims of our shareholders only after such liabilities and obligations have been satisfied in full.

Holders of our preferred shares are subject to certain risks.

Holders of our preferred shares have preference rights over our common shareholders with respect to liquidation and distributions, which give them some assurance of continued payment of their stated dividend rate, and receipt of their principal upon liquidation of the Company or redemption of their securities. However, holders of our preferred shares should consider the following risks:

•The Company has in the past, and could in the future, issue or assume additional debt. Preferred shareholders would be subordinated to the interest and principal payments of such debt, which would increase the risk that there would not be sufficient funds to pay distributions or liquidation amounts to the preferred shareholders.

•The Company has in the past, and could in the future, issue additional preferred shares that, while pari passu to the existing preferred shares, increases the risk that there would not be sufficient funds to pay distributions to the preferred shareholders.

•While the Company has no plans to do so, if the Company were to lose its REIT status or no longer elect REIT status, it would no longer be required to distribute its taxable income to maintain REIT status. If, in such a circumstance, the Company ceased paying dividends, unpaid distributions to the preferred shareholders would continue to accumulate. The preferred shareholders would have the ability to elect two additional members to serve on our Board until the arrearage was cured. The preferred shareholders would not receive any compensation (such as interest) for the delay in the receipt of distributions, and it is possible that the arrearage could accumulate indefinitely.

•Holders of our Preferred Shares have limited rights in the event the Company ceases to pay dividends to shareholders and have no rights with respect to a Company decision to discontinue listing the Preferred Shares on a national securities exchange or file reports with the SEC, including following a change of control transaction.

Risks Related to Government Regulations and Taxation

We would incur adverse tax consequences if we failed to qualify as a REIT, and we would have to pay substantial U.S. federal corporate income taxes.

REITs are subject to a range of complex organizational and operational requirements. A qualifying REIT does not generally incur U.S. federal corporate income tax on its “REIT taxable income” (generally, taxable income subject to specified adjustments, including a deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain) that it distributes to its shareholders. Our REIT status is also dependent upon the REIT qualification of PS Business Parks, Inc. (“PSB”) through the end of its taxable year ended December 31, 2022, as a result of our substantial ownership interest in it prior to the closing of the PSB merger with an unaffiliated third party. We believe we have qualified as a REIT and we intend to continue to maintain our REIT status.

the end of its taxable year ended December 31, 2022, as a result of our substantial ownership interest in it prior to the

closing of the PSB merger with an unaffiliated third party. We believe we have qualified as a REIT and we intend to continue to maintain our REIT status.

However, there can be no assurance that we qualify or will continue to qualify as a REIT, because of the highly technical nature of the REIT rules, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, the possibility of unidentified issues in prior periods, or changes in our circumstances, as well as share ownership limits in our declaration of trust that may fail to ensure that our shareholder base is sufficiently diverse for us to qualify as a REIT. For any year we fail to qualify as a REIT, unless certain relief provisions apply (the granting of such relief could nonetheless result in significant excise or penalty taxes), we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid, we would be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our taxable income, and generally we would not be allowed to elect REIT status until the fifth year after such a disqualification. In addition, for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022, we could also be subject to certain taxes enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 that are applicable to non-REIT corporations, including the corporate alternative minimum tax and nondeductible one percent excise tax on certain stock repurchases. Any taxes, interest, and penalties incurred would reduce our cash available for distributions to shareholders and could negatively affect our stock price. However, for years in which we failed to qualify as a REIT, we would not be subject to REIT rules that require us to distribute substantially all of our taxable income to our shareholders.

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the preferential tax rates available for some dividends.

Dividends payable by REITs may be taxed at higher rates than dividends of non-REIT corporations. The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for qualified dividends paid by domestic non-REIT corporations to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts, or estates is generally 20%. Dividends paid by REITs to such stockholders are generally not eligible for that rate, but ~~under current tax law~~, such stockholders may deduct up to 20% of ordinary dividends (i.e., dividends not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) received from a REIT for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. Although this deduction reduces the effective tax rate applicable to certain dividends paid by REITs, such tax rate may still be higher than the tax rate applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends. This may cause investors to view REIT investments as less attractive than investments in non-REIT corporations, which in turn may adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our stock.

We may pay some taxes, reducing cash available for shareholders.

Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal corporate income tax purposes, we may be subject to some federal, foreign, state, and local taxes on our income and property. Certain consolidated corporate subsidiaries of the Company have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) for U.S. federal corporate income tax purposes and are taxable as regular corporations and subject to certain limitations on intercompany transactions. If tax authorities determine that amounts paid by our TRSs to us are not reasonable compared to similar arrangements among unrelated parties, we could be subject to a 100% penalty tax on the excess payments, and ongoing intercompany arrangements could have to change, resulting in higher ongoing tax payments. To the extent the Company is required to pay federal, foreign, state, or local taxes, or federal penalty taxes due to existing laws or changes thereto, we will have less cash available for distribution to shareholders.

In addition, certain local and state governments have imposed taxes on self-storage rent. While in most cases those taxes are paid by our customers, they increase the cost of self-storage rental to our customers and can negatively impact our revenues. Other local and state governments may impose self-storage rent taxes in the future.

If PSA OP were to fail to maintain its status as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our financial results would be adversely impacted.

We believe PSA OP qualifies as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, PSA OP is generally not subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of the partners is allocated its share of PSA OP’s income. There is no assurance, however, that the IRS will not challenge the status of PSA OP as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of PSA OP as a partnership, it would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of distributions that PSA OP could make. The treatment of PSA OP as a corporation would also cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. This would substantially reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the return on a shareholder's investment.

Changes in tax laws could negatively impact us.

The United States Treasury Department and Congress frequently review federal income tax legislation, regulations and other guidance. We cannot predict whether, when, or to what extent new federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted, but these changes might include, in particular, increases in the U.S. federal income tax rates that apply to us or our shareholders in certain circumstances, possibly with retroactive effect.

We have exposure to increased property tax in California.

~~Approximately $830.4 million of our 2024 net operating income is from our properties in California, and we incurred approximately $47.8 million in related property tax expense.~~ Due to the impact of Proposition 13, which generally limits increases in assessed values to 2% per year, the assessed value and resulting property tax we pay is less than it would be if the properties were assessed at current estimated market values. From time to time, proposals have been made to reduce the beneficial impact of Proposition 13, most recently in the November 2020 ballot. While this ballot initiative failed, there can be no assurance that future initiatives or other legislative actions will not eliminate or reduce the benefit of Proposition 13 with respect to our properties. If the beneficial effect of Proposition 13 were ended for our properties, our property tax expense could increase substantially, adversely affecting our cash flow from operations and net income.

We are subject to extensive laws and regulations and to frequent changes in such laws and regulations.

We are subject to extensive laws and regulations, and to frequent changes in such laws and regulations, at the city, county, state, and federal level. These laws and regulations include (i) laws and regulations related to access to our self-storage facilities, including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, (ii) laws and regulations related to taxes, including property taxes, income taxes, and REIT status compliance, (iii) labor and employment laws and regulations, (iv) consumer protection laws and regulations, including those related to lien sales, (v) state and local business licensing laws and regulations, (vi) zoning laws and regulations, (vii) privacy laws and regulations, including the California Privacy Rights Act and the California Consumer Privacy Act, and (viii) securities laws. Compliance with these laws and regulations, including changes thereto, have imposed significant costs and could in the future impose greater costs or require adverse changes to our business and operations. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may subject us to increased litigation and regulatory actions and negatively affect our business and operations or reputation.

Our tenant reinsurance business is subject to governmental regulation, which could reduce our profitability or limit our growth.

We hold limited lines self-service storage insurance agent licenses from a number of individual state departments of insurance and are subject to state governmental regulation and supervision. Our continued ability to maintain these limited lines self-service storage insurance agent licenses in the jurisdictions in which we are licensed depends on our compliance with related rules and regulations. The regulatory authorities in each jurisdiction generally have broad discretion to grant, renew, and revoke licenses and approvals, to promulgate, interpret, and implement regulations, and to evaluate compliance with regulations through periodic examinations, audits, and investigations of the affairs of insurance agents. As a result of regulatory or private action in any jurisdiction, we may be temporarily or permanently suspended from continuing some or all of our reinsurance activities, or otherwise fined, penalized, or subject to an adverse judgment, which could reduce our net income.

In the event that we recognize a significant gain from cash settlement of a forward sale agreement, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the cash that we receive in such instance is unclear and could impact our ability to meet the REIT qualification requirements.

We maintain an “at the market” offering program under which we may enter into forward sale agreements from time to time to sell common shares and, subject to certain conditions, we have the right to elect physical, cash or net share settlement under these agreements at any time and from time to time, in part or in full. In the event that we elect to settle a forward sale agreement for cash and the settlement price is below the forward sale price, we would be entitled to receive a cash payment from the applicable forward purchaser(s). Under Section 1032 of the Code, generally, no gains and losses are recognized by a corporation in dealing in its own shares, including pursuant to a “securities futures contract,” as defined in the Code by reference to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Although we believe that any amount received by us in exchange for our common shares would qualify for the exemption under Section 1032 of the Code, because it is not entirely clear whether a forward sale agreement qualifies as a “securities futures contract,” the U.S. federal income tax treatment of any cash settlement payment we receive is uncertain. In the event that we recognize a significant gain from the cash settlement of a forward sale agreement, we might not be able to satisfy the gross income requirements applicable to REITs under the Code. If we were to fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such year if we were entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code. If these relief provisions were inapplicable, we would not qualify to be taxed as a REIT.

International trade disputes, including U.S. trade tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, could adversely impact our business.

International trade disputes, including threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by the U.S. and threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by foreign countries in retaliation, could result in inflationary pressures that directly impact our costs, such as costs for steel, lumber and other materials applicable to our development and redevelopment projects. Trade disputes could also adversely impact global supply chains which could further increase costs for us or delay delivery of key inventories and supplies. Tariffs and trade restrictions can be announced with little or no advance notice, and we may not be able to effectively mitigate all adverse impacts from such measures. If we are not able to navigate these changes, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.

ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

ITEM 1C. Cybersecurity

Public Storage devotes significant resources to protecting and continuing to improve the security of its computer systems, software, networks, and other technology assets. Our security efforts are designed to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and continued availability of information owned by, or in the care of, the Company and protect against, among other things, cybersecurity attacks by unauthorized parties attempting to obtain access to confidential information, destroy data, disrupt or degrade service, sabotage systems, or cause other damage.

Management and Board Oversight

Our risk management processes include a comprehensive enterprise risk management framework focused on (i) evaluating the risks facing the Company and aligning the Company’s efforts to mitigate those risks with its strategy and risk appetite; (ii) communicating and improving the Company’s understanding of its key risks and responsive actions; and (iii) providing the Board with a defined, rated risk inventory and framework against which the Board can direct its responsibilities to oversee the Company’s risk assessment and risk management efforts. Our cybersecurity program is a key component of our overall enterprise risk management framework.

A dedicated team of technology professionals monitors and manages cybersecurity risks. They are led by our Chief Technology Officer (CTO), who has significant experience in senior leadership positions with responsibility for cybersecurity and IT risk management, and our Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), who is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP). Their teams are responsible for leading enterprise-wide cyber resilience strategy, policy, standards, architecture, and processes. Our CTO and CISO regularly engage with our Chief Administrative Officer. They also report monthly on cybersecurity matters to our entire executive management team.

In the event of an incident that jeopardizes the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the information technology systems we use, we utilize a regularly updated information security incident response plan (IRP). The IRP is overseen by our executive Incident Response Committee (IRC), which consists of our Chief Financial and Investment Officer, Chief Administrative Officer, Chief Legal Officer, and CTO. The IRP guides our internal response to cybersecurity incidents.

Pursuant to our IRP and its escalation protocols, designated personnel are responsible for assessing the severity of the incident and associated threat, containing the threat, remediating the threat, including recovery of data and access to systems, analyzing the reporting obligations associated with the incident, and performing post-incident analysis and program improvements. While the particular personnel assigned to an incident response team will depend on the particular facts and circumstances, the response team is generally led by the IRC with support from internal personnel and external counsel or other experts.

Our Board considers cybersecurity risk one of the most significant risks to our business. The Board has delegated to the Audit Committee oversight of cybersecurity, data privacy, and other information technology risks affecting the Company. Our CTO and CISO typically provide quarterly reports to the Audit Committee, which also provides quarterly reports on its activities to the Board. Annually, the Board receives a comprehensive update regarding the Company’s cybersecurity efforts, which may include a cybersecurity tabletop exercise, presentation by third party cybersecurity experts, or similar events. Several members of our Board and Audit Committee have cybersecurity, data privacy, or related experience from their principal occupation or other professional experience.

Processes for Assessing, Identifying and Managing Material Risks from Cybersecurity Threats

Our cybersecurity program focuses on (i) preventing and preparing for cybersecurity incidents, (ii) detecting and analyzing cybersecurity incidents, and (iii) containing, eradicating, recovering from, and reporting cybersecurity events.

Prevention and Preparation

We identify and address information security risks by employing a defense-in-depth methodology, consisting of both proactive and reactive elements, which provides multiple, redundant defensive measures and prescribes actions to take in case a security control fails or a vulnerability is exploited. We leverage internal resources, along with strategic external partnerships, to mitigate cybersecurity threats to the Company. We have partnerships for security operations center (SOC) services, penetration testing, incident response, and various third-party assessments. We deploy both commercially available solutions and proprietary systems to actively manage threats to our information technology environment.

We assess our cybersecurity program against various frameworks. Our information security program is certified for compliance with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard for the safe handling and protection of credit card data. Annually, we are assessed, either internally or by an independent third party, against the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-53 Moderate Baseline. We also utilize reports prepared by our external partners to assess our cyber proficiency on a standalone basis and comparatively against peers and other companies, and we regularly engage external resources regarding emerging threats. We have policies and procedures to oversee and identify the cybersecurity risks associated with our use of third-party service providers, including contractual mechanisms, as well as the regular review of SOC reports, relevant cyber attestations, and other independent cyber ratings.

We employ an information security and training program for our employees, including annual mandatory computer-based training, regular internal communications, and ongoing end-user testing to measure the effectiveness of our information security program. As part of this commitment, we require our employees to complete a Cybersecurity Awareness eCourse and acknowledge our Information Security policy each year. In addition, we have an established schedule and process for regular phishing awareness campaigns that are designed to imitate real-world contemporary threats and provide immediate feedback (and, if necessary, additional training or remedial action) to employees.

As discussed above, we maintain an IRP that guides our response to a cybersecurity incident. Annually, we test the IRP’s response procedures, including thorough disaster response and business continuity plan exercises. These exercises are intended to challenge and validate our information security response and resources through simulated cybersecurity incidents, including engagement of outside cybersecurity legal counsel, other third-party partners, key internal personnel, executive management, and our Board.

Detection and Analysis

Cybersecurity incidents may be detected through a variety of means, which may include, but are not limited to, automated event-detection notifications, employee notifications, notification from external parties (e.g., our third-party information technology provider), and proactive threat hunting in conjunction with our external partners. Once a potential cybersecurity incident is identified, including a third-party cybersecurity event, the incident response team designated pursuant to the IRP follows the procedures set forth in the plan to investigate the potential incident, including determining the nature of the event.

Containment, Eradication, Recovery, and Reporting

Our IRP sets forth the procedures we follow in responding to a cybersecurity incidents. Once a cybersecurity incident is contained, our focus shifts to remediation and recovery. These activities depend on the nature of the cybersecurity incident and may include rebuilding systems and/or hosts, replacing compromised files with clean versions and validation of files or data that may have been affected. We also maintain cybersecurity insurance providing coverage for certain costs related to security failures and specified cybersecurity-related incidents that interrupt our network or networks of our vendors, in all cases up to specified limits and subject to certain exclusions.

Our IRP provides clear communication protocols, including with respect to members of executive management, internal and external counsel, the Audit Committee and our Board. These protocols include a framework for assessing our SEC and other regulatory reporting obligations related to a cybersecurity incident.

Following the conclusion of an incident, the incident response team will generally assess the effectiveness of the cybersecurity program and IRP and make adjustments as appropriate.

Cybersecurity Risks

As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we have not had any known instances of material cybersecurity incidents, including known third-party provider incidents, during any of the prior three fiscal years. However, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures, and those of our third-party providers, will be effective or that attempted security incidents or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. See “Item 1A–Risk Factors–If our confidential information is compromised or corrupted, including as a result of a cybersecurity incident, our reputation and business relationships could be damaged, which could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.”

ITEM 2. Properties

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we had controlling ownership interests in 3,~~073~~171 self-storage facilities located in 40 states within the U.S.:

	At December 31, 2024
	December 31, 2025
	Number of Storage Facilities	Net Rentable Square Feet (in thousands)
Texas	~~464~~477	3940,~~412~~549
California	~~446~~450	32,~~025~~829
Florida	~~365~~392	2527,~~475~~501
Illinois	137	8,930
Georgia	136	9,179
Georgia	128	8,621
Illinois	139	9,041
North Carolina	~~111~~114	8,~~195~~408
Maryland	~~106~~107	78,~~990~~058
Virginia	~~121~~122	7,~~969~~959
Washington	107	7,~~629~~726
Colorado	8893	6,~~518~~777
Minnesota	68	5,425
South Carolina	88	5,606
New York	73	5,232
Minnesota	68	5,535
South Carolina	83	5,176
New York	74	5,328
New Jersey	6772	4,~~651~~905
Ohio	6668	4,~~511~~643
Michigan	6162	4,~~387~~443
Arizona	60	4,~~383~~329
Indiana	54	3,585
Tennessee	58	3,726
Oklahoma	4851	3,~~499~~721
Tennessee	55	3,443
Indiana	54	3,572
Missouri	44	2,~~919~~910
Pennsylvania	3738	2,~~685~~795
Oregon	4546	2,~~618~~659
Nevada	34	2,~~419~~548
Massachusetts	2931	2,~~052~~129
Kansas	24	1,~~538~~533
Other states (14 states)	~~152~~162	911,~~993~~030
Total (a)	3,~~073~~171	~~221~~229,~~280~~439

(a)See Schedule III: Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation in our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a summary of land, building, accumulated depreciation, square footage, and number of properties by market.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, two of our facilities with a net book value of $1110.28 million were encumbered by an aggregate of $1.76 million in mortgage notes payable.

The configuration of self-storage facilities has evolved over time. The oldest facilities are comprised generally of multiple single-story buildings, and have on average approximately 500 primarily “drive up” spaces per facility, and a small rental office. ~~The~~Recently ~~most prevalent recently~~ constructed facilities have higher density footprints with large, multi-story buildings with climate control and typically 1,000 or more self-storage spaces, ~~a more imposing~~ and ~~visible retail presence, and~~ a prominent and large rental office designed to appeal to customers as an attractive and retail-focused “store.” Our self-storage portfolio includes facilities with characteristics of the oldest facilities, characteristics of the most recently constructed facilities, and those with characteristics of both older and recently constructed facilities. Most spaces have between 25 and 400 square feet and an interior height of approximately eight to 12 feet.

ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

For a description of the Company’s legal proceedings, see “Note 1416. Commitments and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common shares of beneficial interest (NYSE: PSA) have been listed on the NYSE since October 19, 1984. As of February 185, ~~2025~~2026, there were approximately 98,~~093~~644 holders of record of our common shares.

In May 2008, our Board authorized a share repurchase program of up to 35,000,000 of our common shares ~~on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions~~. Our common share repurchase program does not have an expiration date, and there are 10,551,219 common shares that may yet be repurchased under our repurchase program as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025. Under the repurchase program, management may repurchase our common shares on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. During the three months ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we did not repurchase any of our common shares. From the inception of the repurchase program through February 2412, ~~2025~~2026, we have repurchased a total of 24,448,781 common shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $879.1 million. We have no current plans to repurchase shares. The timing, manner, price and amount of any future common share repurchases will be dependent upon a number of factors, including our available capital, investment alternatives, economic conditions, applicable legal requirements, and the trading price of our common shares.

Refer to Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters” for information about our equity compensation plans.

ITEM 6. [Reserved]

ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances to determine reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.

We believe the following are our critical accounting estimates, because they are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the portrayal of our financial condition and results, and they require us to make judgments and estimates about matters that involve a significant level of uncertainty.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: The analysis of impairment of our long-lived assets, including our real estate facilities, involves identification of indicators of impairment, including unfavorable operational results and significant cost overruns on construction, projections of future operating cash flows, and estimates of fair values, all of which require significant judgment and subjectivity. In particular, these estimates are sensitive to significant assumptions, such as the projections of future rental rates, stabilized occupancy level, future profit margin, discount rates, and capitalization rates, all of which could be affected by our expectations about future market or economic conditions. Others could come to materially different conclusions.

Allocating Purchase Price for Acquired Real Estate Facilities: We estimate the fair values of the assets and liabilities of acquired real estate facilities, which consist principally of land, buildings and acquired customers in place, for purposes of allocating the aggregate purchase price of acquired real estate facilities. We estimate the fair value of land based upon price per square foot derived from observable transactions involving comparable land in similar locations as adjusted for location quality, parcel size, and date of sale associated with the acquired facilities. The fair value estimate of land is sensitive to the adjustments made to the land market transactions used in the estimate, particularly when there is a lack of recent comparable land market data. We estimate the fair value of buildings primarily using the income approach by estimating the fair value of hypothetical vacant acquired facilities and adjusting for the estimated fair value of land. The fair value estimate of buildings is sensitive to assumptions, such as lease-up period, future stabilized operating cash flows, capitalization rate and discount rate. We estimate the fair value of acquired customers in place using the income approach by estimating the foregone rent over the presumed period of time to absorb the occupied spaces as if they were vacant at the time of acquisition. The fair value estimate of the acquired customers in place is sensitive to the assumptions used in the income approach, such as market rent, lease-up period and discount rate. Others could come to materially different conclusions as to the estimated fair values of land, buildings and acquired customers in place, which would result in different depreciation and amortization expense, gains and losses on sale of real estate assets, as well as the level of land and buildings on our consolidated balance sheet.

Overview

Our self-storage operations generate most of our net income, and our earnings growth is impacted by the levels of organic growth within our Same Store Facilities (as defined below) as well as within our Acquired Facilities and Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities (both as defined below).

During ~~2024~~2025, revenues generated by our Same Store Facilities ~~decreased~~remained byrelatively ~~0.7% ($26.7 million)~~unchanged, as compared to ~~2023~~2024, while Same Store cost of operations increased by 21.48% ($2016.6 million). Softness in demand for our storage space has led to lower move-in rental rates for new tenants and lower average occupancy in ~~2024~~2025 as compared to ~~2023~~2024. Existing customers behavior was strong in 2025 with fewer move-outs and lower delinquencies allowing for rental rate increases to tenants over their tenancy.

We have grown and plan to continue to grow through the acquisition and development of new facilities and expansion of our existing self-storage facilities. Since the beginning of ~~2022~~2023, we acquired a total of ~~260~~273 facilities with 1819.59 million net rentable square feet for $3.79 billion. ~~Additionally,~~ ~~within~~Within our ~~non~~Non-~~same~~Same ~~store~~Store portfolio (as defined below) as of December 31, 2025, our Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities ~~(as defined below)~~ include a total of ~~132~~111 self-storage facilities with 1513.83 million net rentable square feet. For development and expansions completed by December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we incurred a total cost of $1.67 billion. During ~~2024~~2025, combined net operating income generated by our Acquired Facilities and Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities increased 4825.16% ($~~101~~59.05 million), as compared to ~~2023~~2024.

We have ~~experienced~~embarked ~~recent~~on ~~inflationary~~a ~~impacts~~solar onprogram ~~our~~under ~~cost~~which ofwe ~~operations~~plan ~~including~~to ~~labor,~~install ~~utilities,~~solar ~~and~~panels ~~repairs~~on ~~and~~over ~~maintenance~~1,600 ~~and costs~~ of ~~development~~our ~~and~~self-storage ~~expansion activities, and we expect to experience such impacts in the future~~facilities. We have ~~implemented~~completed ~~various~~the ~~initiatives~~installations toon ~~manage~~1,191 ~~the~~facilities ~~adverse~~through ~~impacts~~December 31, ~~such~~2025. asWe ~~enhancements~~spent inapproximately ~~operational~~$71 million ~~processes~~on ~~and~~the ~~investments~~program in ~~technology to reduce payroll hours~~2025, ~~achievement of economies of scale from recent acquisitions with supervisory payroll~~ and ~~centralized~~expect ~~management~~to ~~costs~~spend ~~allocated~~approximately ~~over~~$60 million ~~a broader number of self-storage facilities, and investments~~ in ~~solar~~2026 ~~power~~on ~~and~~this ~~LED lights to lower utility usage~~effort.

InDuring ~~order~~2025, toPSOC ~~enhance~~completed ~~the~~public ~~competitive~~offerings ~~position~~ of ~~certain~~$875 ofmillion ~~our~~aggregate ~~facilities~~principal ~~relative~~amount ~~to local competitors (including newly developed facilities), we embarked on our multi-year Property~~ of ~~Tomorrow~~senior ~~program~~notes toin ~~(i)~~various ~~rebrand~~tranches ~~our properties with more pronounced, attractive,~~ and ~~clearly~~maturities ~~identifiable color schemes~~ and ~~signage~~€425 ~~and~~million ~~(ii) upgrade the configuration and layout~~ of ~~the~~senior ~~offices~~notes ~~and~~due ~~other customer zones to improve the customer experience~~2034. WePSOC ~~completed~~also ~~the~~repaid ~~program~~at inmaturity ~~2024. We spent approximately~~ $~~127~~ 400 million onaggregate ~~the~~principal ~~program~~amount inof ~~2024.~~floating Werate ~~have~~senior ~~also~~notes ~~embarked~~and on€242 amillion ~~solar~~aggregate ~~program~~principal ~~under~~amount ~~which we plan to install solar panels on over 1,400~~ of ~~our~~senior ~~self-storage facilities~~notes. We ~~have~~plan ~~completed~~to use the ~~installations~~remaining onproceeds ~~772~~for ~~facilities~~general ~~through~~corporate ~~December 31~~purposes, ~~2024.~~including ~~We spent approximately $54 million on the program in 2024 and expect~~ to ~~spend~~make ~~approximately~~investments ~~$50 million~~ in ~~2025~~self-storage ~~on this effort~~facilities.

During 2024, PSOC completed a public offering of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in various tranches and maturities and issued €150 million of senior notes to institutional investors. PSOC also repaid at maturity $700 million aggregate principal amount of floating rate senior notes and €100 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes.

During 2024, we repurchased 726,865 of our common shares under our previously announced share repurchase program on the open market for a total cost of $200.0 million, driven by our expected improvement in operating fundamentals and growth.

During 2024, we sold 184,390 of our common shares on the open market through our “at the market” offering program for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $60.3 million in cash.

In early 2025, multiple wildfires erupted in southern California and caused significant destruction of business and residential structures. We did not incur any direct property damage in the affected areas. In response to the devastation, a “State of Emergency” has been declared for Los Angeles County and Ventura County, under which a temporary governmental pricing limitation is in place for our self-storage facilities located in these counties. These self-storage facilities generated approximately 10% of revenues earned by our Same Store Facilities in 2024. We anticipate a potentially significant negative impact on the revenue growth from these self-storage facilities, the extent of which depends largely on the duration of the State of Emergency order and other future actions by government authorities, among other factors.

Results of Operations

Operating Results for 2025 and 2024

In 2025, net income allocable to our common shareholders was $1.6 billion or $9.01 per diluted common share, compared to $1.9 billion or $10.64 per diluted common share in 2024, representing a decrease of $287.1 million or $1.63 per diluted common share. The decrease was due primarily to (i) a $317.8 million increase in foreign currency exchange losses, (ii) a $22.1 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense (iii) a $17.1 million increase in interest expense, partially offset by (iv) a $53.1 million increase in self-storage net operating income and (v) a $23.4 million increase in ancillary net operating income.

The $53.1 million increase in self-storage net operating income in 2025 as compared to 2024 was a result of a $68.4 million increase attributable to our Non-Same Store Facilities, partially offset by a $15.3 million decrease attributable to our Same Store Facilities. Revenues for the Same Store Facilities remained relatively unchanged in 2025 as compared to 2024, due primarily to higher realized annual rent per occupied square foot partially offset by a decline in average occupancy. Cost of operations for the Same Store Facilities increased by 1.8% or $16.6 million in 2025 as compared to 2024, due primarily to increased property tax expense and indirect cost of operation partially offset by decreased marketing expenses and on-site property manager payroll expense. The increase in net operating income of $68.4 million for the Non-Same Store Facilities was due primarily to the impact of facilities acquired in 2025 and 2024.

Operating Results for 2024 and 2023

In 2024, net income allocable to our common shareholders was $1.~~873~~9 billion or $10.64 per diluted common share, compared to $1.~~949~~9 billion or $11.06 per diluted common share in 2023, representing a decrease of $76.1 million or $0.42 per diluted common share. The decrease iswas due primarily to (i) aan $159.7 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense, (ii) an $86.3 million increase in interest expense, (iii) a $26.0 million increase in general and administrative expense, (iv) an $18.4 million decrease in interest and other income, partially offset by (v) aan $153.4 million increase in foreign currency exchange gains primarily associated with our Euro denominated notes payable and (vi) a $61.6 million increase in self-storage net operating income.

The $61.6 million increase in self-storage net operating income in 2024 as compared to 2023 iswas a result of a $~~108~~103.94 million increase attributable to our Non-Same Store Facilities ~~(as defined below)~~, partially offset by a $4741.38 million decrease attributable to our Same Store Facilities. Revenues for the Same Store Facilities decreased 0.76% or $2622.7 million in 2024 as compared to 2023, due primarily to a decline in occupancy ~~and lower realized annual rent per occupied square foot~~. Cost of operations for the Same Store Facilities increased by 2.41% or $2019.61 million in 2024 as compared to 2023, due primarily to increased property tax expense, marketing expense, and repairs and maintenance expense, partially offset by decreased ~~centralized~~indirect ~~management~~cost ~~costs~~of operations, utility expenses and on-site property manager payroll expense. The increase in net operating income of $~~108~~103.94 million for the Non-Same Store Facilities iswas due primarily to the impact of facilities acquired in 2024 and 2023.

~~Operating Results for 2023 and 2022~~25

In 2023, net income allocable to our common shareholders was $1.949 billion or $11.06 per diluted common share, compared to $4.142 billion or $23.50 per diluted common share in 2022, representing a decrease of $2.2 billion or $12.44 per diluted common share. The decrease is due primarily to (i) a $2.1 billion gain on sale of our equity investment in PS Business Parks, Inc. (“PSB”) in July 2022, (ii) a $149.5 million increase in foreign currency exchange losses primarily associated with our Euro denominated notes payable, (iii) a $79.1 million decrease in equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate entities due to our sale of PSB in July 2022, and (iv) a $64.8 million increase in interest expense, partially offset by (v) a $231.8 million increase in self-storage net operating income and (vi) a $45.0 million increase in interest and other income.

The $231.8 million increase in self-storage net operating income in 2023 as compared to 2022 is a result of a $131.8 million increase in our Same Store Facilities and a $100.0 million increase in our Non-Same Store Facilities. Revenues for the Same Store Facilities increased 4.8% or $170.2 million in 2023 as compared to 2022, due primarily to higher realized annual rent per available square foot, partially offset by a decline in occupancy. Cost of operations for the Same Store Facilities increased by 4.6% or $38.4 million in 2023 as compared to 2022, due primarily to increased property tax expense, marketing expense and other direct property costs. The increase in net operating income of $100.0 million for the Non-Same Store Facilities is due primarily to the impact of facilities acquired in 2022 and 2023.

Funds from Operations and Core Funds from Operations

Funds from Operations (“FFO”) and FFO per diluted common share (“FFO per share”) are non-GAAP measures defined by Nareit. We believe that FFO and FFO per share are useful to REIT investors and analysts in measuring our performance because Nareit’s definition of FFO excludes items included in net income that do not relate to or are not indicative of our operating and financial performance. FFO represents net income before real estate-related depreciation and amortization, which is excluded because it is based upon historical costs and assumes that building values diminish ratably over time, while we believe that real estate values fluctuate due to market conditions. FFO also excludes gains or losses on sale of real estate assets and real estate impairment charges, which are also based upon historical costs and are impacted by historical depreciation. FFO and FFO per share are not a substitute for net income or earnings per share. FFO is not a substitute for net cash flow in evaluating our liquidity or ability to pay dividends, because it excludes investing and financing activities presented on our consolidated statements of cash flows. In addition, other REITs may compute these measures differently, so comparisons among REITs may not be helpful.

For the year ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025, FFO was $1715.1981 per diluted common share as compared to $1617.6019 and $16.4660 per diluted common share for the years ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively, representing ana ~~increase~~decrease in ~~2024~~2025 of 38.60%, or $01.5938 per diluted common share, as compared to ~~2023~~2024.

We also present “Core FFO” and “Core FFO per share” non-GAAP measures that represent FFO and FFO per share excluding the impact of (i) foreign currency exchange gains and losses, (ii) charges related to the redemption of preferred securities, and (iii) certain other non-cash and/or nonrecurring income or expense items primarily representing, with respect to the periods presented below, the impact of corporate transformation costs, loss contingencies, due diligence costs incurred in pursuit of strategic transactions, realized or unrealized gain or loss on private equity investments, income tax benefits from the sale of solar tax credits, a cash and stock hiring bonus for a new senior executive and amortization of acquired non real estate-related intangibles. We review Core FFO and Core FFO per share to evaluate our ongoing operating performance and we believe they are used by investors and REIT analysts in a similar manner. However, Core FFO and Core FFO per share are not substitutes for net income and net income per share. Because other REITs may not compute Core FFO or Core FFO per share in the same manner as we do, may not use the same terminology or may not present such measures, Core FFO and Core FFO per share may not be comparable among REITs.

We also present “Core FFO” and “Core FFO per share” non-GAAP measures that represent FFO and FFO per share excluding the impact of (i) foreign currency exchange gains and losses, (ii) charges related to the redemption of preferred securities, and (iii) certain other non-cash and/or nonrecurring income or expense items primarily representing, with respect to the periods presented below, the impact of loss contingencies and resolutions, casualties, due diligence costs incurred in pursuit of strategic transactions, unrealized gain on private equity investments, reorganization costs, acquisition integration costs, amortization of acquired non real estate-related intangibles, a cash and stock hiring bonus for a new senior executive, and our equity share of tax effect of a change in tax status, unrealized gain on derivatives, merger transaction costs and senior executive severance from our equity investees. We review Core FFO and Core FFO per share to evaluate our ongoing operating performance and we believe they are used by investors and REIT analysts in a similar manner. However, Core FFO and Core FFO per share are not substitutes for net income and net income per share. Because other REITs may not compute Core FFO or Core FFO per share in the same manner as we do, may not use the same terminology or may not present such measures, Core FFO and Core FFO per share may not be comparable among REITs.

The following table reconciles net income to FFO and Core FFO and reconciles diluted earnings per share to FFO per share and Core FFO per share:

	Year Ended December 31,	~~Year Ended December 31,~~		Year Ended December 31,				~~Year Ended December 31,~~
		2024		2023		Percentage Change		2023		2022		Percentage Change
		2025		2024		Percentage Change		2024		2023		Percentage Change
		(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Reconciliation of Net Income to FFO and Core FFO:
Net income allocable to common shareholders		$	1,~~872~~585,~~685~~585	$	1,~~948~~872,~~741~~685	(315.93)	%	$	1,~~948~~872,~~741~~685	$	41,~~142~~948,~~288~~741	(533.09)	%
Eliminate items excluded from FFO:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization		1,~~117~~140,~~752~~377		~~962~~1,~~703~~117,752				~~962~~1,~~703~~117,752		~~881~~962,~~569~~703
Real estate-related depreciation from unconsolidated real estate investment		4459,~~181~~470		3644,~~769~~181				3644,~~769~~181		5436,~~822~~769
Real estate-related depreciation allocated to noncontrolling interests and restricted share unitholders and unvested LTIP unitholders		(7,167)		(6,635)				(6,635)		(6,622)
Real estate-related depreciation allocated to noncontrolling interests, restricted share unitholders and unvested LTIP unitholders		(8,216)		(7,167)				(7,167)		(6,635)
Gains on sale of real estate investments, including our equity share from investment		(1,537)		(17,290)				(17,290)		(54,403)
Impairment write-down of real estate investments		4,348		—				—		—
Gain on sale of equity investment in PS Business Parks, Inc.		—		—				—		(2,116,839)
Gains on sale of real estate investments, including our equity share from investment		(1,113)		(1,537)				(1,537)		(17,290)
FFO allocable to common shares		$	32,~~025~~780,~~914~~451	$	23,~~924~~025,~~288~~914	3(8.51)	%	$	23,~~924~~025,~~288~~914	$	2,~~900~~924,~~815~~288	03.85	%
Eliminate the impact of items excluded from Core FFO, including our equity share from investment:
Eliminate items excluded from Core FFO:
Foreign currency exchange (gain) loss		(102,244)		51,197				51,197		(98,314)
Adjustments to G&A Expense:
Unrealized gain on private equity investments		(4,355)		(2,817)				(2,817)		(4,685)
Contingency reserve		290		3,300				3,300		—
Hiring bonus for a new senior executive		3,507		—				—		—
Corporate transformation costs		4,875		—				—		—
Other items		12,246		3,264				3,264		9,164
Transaction costs		3,146		—				—		—
Core FFO allocable to common shares		$	2,935,068	$	2,975,932	(1.4)	%	$	2,975,932	$	2,806,980	6.0	%
Hiring bonus for a new senior executive		—		3,507				3,507		—
Other Non-Core Adjustments:
Foreign currency exchange (gain) loss		215,583		(102,244)				(102,244)		51,197
Unrealized (gain) loss on private equity investments		(3,859)		(4,355)				(4,355)		(2,817)
Income tax provision (benefit)		(15,847)		—				—		—
Other items		850		8,946				8,946		3,264
Core FFO allocable to common shares		$	2,985,489	$	2,935,068	1.7	%	$	2,935,068	$	2,975,932	(1.4)	%
Reconciliation of Diluted Earnings per Share to FFO per Share and Core FFO per Share:
Diluted earnings per share		$	109.6401	$	1110.0664	(315.83)	%	$	1110.0664	$	2311.5006	(523.98)	%
Eliminate amounts per share excluded from FFO:
Real estate-related depreciation and amortization		6.5678		56.6456				56.6456		5.2764
Gains on sale of real estate investments, including our equity share from investment		(0.01)		(0.10)				(0.10)		(0.31)
Impairment write-down of real estate investments		0.03		—				—		—
Gain on sale of equity investment in PS Business Parks, Inc.		—		—				—		(12.00)
Gains on sale of real estate investments, including our equity share from investment		(0.01)		(0.01)				(0.01)		(0.10)
FFO per share		$	1715.1981	$	1617.6019	3(8.60)	%	$	1617.6019	$	16.4660	03.96	%
Eliminate the per share impact of items excluded from Core FFO, including our equity share from investment:
Eliminate amounts per share excluded from Core FFO:
Foreign currency exchange (gain) loss		(0.58)		0.29				0.29		(0.57)
Adjustments to G&A Expense:
Unrealized gain on private equity investments		(0.02)		(0.02)				(0.02)		(0.03)
Contingency reserve		—		0.02				0.02		—
Hiring bonus for a new senior executive		0.02		—				—		—
Corporate transformation costs		0.03		—				—		—
Other items		0.06		0.02				0.02		0.06
Transaction costs		0.02		—				—		—
Core FFO per share		$	16.67	$	16.89	(1.3)	%	$	16.89	$	15.92	6.1	%
Hiring bonus for a new senior executive		—		0.02				0.02		—
Diluted weighted average common shares		176,038		176,143				176,143		176,280
Other Non-Core Adjustments:
Foreign currency exchange (gain) loss		1.23		(0.58)				(0.58)		0.29
Unrealized (gain) loss on private equity investments		(0.02)		(0.02)				(0.02)		(0.02)
Income tax provision (benefit)		(0.09)		—				—		—
Other items		(0.01)		0.04				0.04		0.02
Core FFO per share		$	16.97	$	16.67	1.8	%	$	16.67	$	16.89	(1.3)	%
Diluted weighted average common shares		175,902		176,038				176,038		176,143

2827

Analysis of Net Income — Self-Storage Operations

Our self-storage operations are analyzed in four groups: (i) ~~the~~ 2,~~507~~565 facilities that we have owned and operated on a stabilized basis since January 1, ~~2022~~2023 (the “Same Store Facilities”), (ii) ~~260~~273 facilities we acquired since January 1, ~~2022~~2023 (the “Acquired Facilities”), (iii) ~~132~~111 facilities that have been newly developed or expanded, or that had commenced expansion by December 31, ~~2024~~2025 (the “Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities”), and (iv) ~~174~~222 other facilities, which are otherwise not stabilized with respect to occupancies or rental rates since January 1, ~~2022~~2023 (the “Other Non-Same Store Facilities”). The Acquired Facilities, Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities, and Other Non-Same Store Facilities are collectively referred to as the “Non-Same Store Facilities”. See Note 1315 to our December 31, ~~2024~~2025 consolidated financial statements “Segment Information,” for a reconciliation of the amounts in the tables below to our total net income.


Self-Storage Operations
Summary	Year Ended December 31,			Year Ended December 31,

		2025		2024		Percentage Change		2024		2023		Percentage Change

		(Dollar amounts and square footage in thousands)
Revenues (b):
Same Store Facilities		$	3,764,833	$	3,763,553	—	%	$	3,763,553	$	3,786,251	(0.6)	%
Acquired Facilities		246,669		185,924		32.7	%	185,924		55,487		235.1	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities		183,022		160,615		14.0	%	160,615		143,989		11.5	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities		294,889		285,901		3.1	%	285,901		273,886		4.4	%
Total revenues		4,489,413		4,395,993		2.1	%	4,395,993		4,259,613		3.2	%

Cost of operations (b):
Same Store Facilities		935,918		919,334		1.8	%	919,334		900,190		2.1	%
Acquired Facilities		79,167		61,068		29.6	%	61,068		19,922		206.5	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities		58,383		52,810		10.6	%	52,810		43,372		21.8	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities		103,570		103,508		0.1	%	103,508		98,466		5.1	%
Total cost of operations		1,177,038		1,136,720		3.5	%	1,136,720		1,061,950		7.0	%

Net operating income (a):
Same Store Facilities		2,828,915		2,844,219		(0.5)	%	2,844,219		2,886,061		(1.4)	%
Acquired Facilities		167,502		124,856		34.2	%	124,856		35,565		251.1	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities		124,639		107,805		15.6	%	107,805		100,617		7.1	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities		191,319		182,393		4.9	%	182,393		175,420		4.0	%
Total net operating income		3,312,375		3,259,273		1.6	%	3,259,273		3,197,663		1.9	%

Depreciation and amortization expense:
Same Store Facilities		705,278		711,978		(0.9)	%	711,978		690,644		3.1	%
Acquired Facilities		220,053		206,319		6.7	%	206,319		72,848		183.2	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities		69,482		53,719		29.3	%	53,719		40,458		32.8	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities		157,027		157,750		(0.5)	%	157,750		166,106		(5.0)	%
Total depreciation and amortization		1,151,840		1,129,766		2.0	%	1,129,766		970,056		16.5	%

Net income (loss):
Same Store Facilities		2,123,637		2,132,241		(0.4)	%	2,132,241		2,195,417		(2.9)	%
Acquired Facilities		(52,551)		(81,463)		(35.5)	%	(81,463)		(37,283)		118.5	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities		55,157		54,086		2.0	%	54,086		60,159		(10.1)	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities		34,292		24,643		39.2	%	24,643		9,314		164.6	%
Total net income		$	2,160,535	$	2,129,507	1.5	%	$	2,129,507	$	2,227,607	(4.4)	%

Number of facilities at period end:
Same Store Facilities		2,565		2,565		—	%	2,565		2,565		—	%
Acquired Facilities		273		186		46.8	%	186		164		13.4	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities		111		99		12.1	%	99		92		7.6	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities		222		223		(0.4)	%	223		223		—	%
Total number of facilities at the period end		3,171		3,073		3.2	%	3,073		3,044		1.0	%
Net rentable square footage at period end:
Same Store Facilities		175,349		175,349		—	%	175,349		175,349		—	%
Acquired Facilities		19,893		13,733		44.9	%	13,733		12,067		13.8	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities		13,313		11,155		19.3	%	11,155		9,471		17.8	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities		20,884		21,043		(0.8)	%	21,043		21,184		(0.7)	%
Total net rentable square footage at period end		229,439		221,280		3.7	%	221,280		218,071		1.5	%

Self-Storage Operations
Summary	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		Percentage Change		2023		2022		Percentage Change
	(Dollar amounts and square footage in thousands)
Revenues:
Same Store Facilities	$	3,676,632	$	3,703,331	(0.7)	%	$	3,703,331	$	3,533,149	4.8	%
Acquired Facilities	241,314		105,592		128.5	%	105,592		14,945		606.5	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities	225,845		208,235		8.5	%	208,235		182,686		14.0	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities	252,202		242,455		4.0	%	242,455		215,248		12.6	%
	4,395,993		4,259,613		3.2	%	4,259,613		3,946,028		7.9	%
Cost of operations:
Same Store Facilities	895,283		874,715		2.4	%	874,715		836,297		4.6	%
Acquired Facilities	81,583		39,833		104.8	%	39,833		7,885		405.2	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities	74,414		63,823		16.6	%	63,823		54,411		17.3	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities	85,440		83,579		2.2	%	83,579		81,616		2.4	%
	1,136,720		1,061,950		7.0	%	1,061,950		980,209		8.3	%
Net operating income (a):
Same Store Facilities	2,781,349		2,828,616		(1.7)	%	2,828,616		2,696,852		4.9	%
Acquired Facilities	159,731		65,759		142.9	%	65,759		7,060		831.4	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities	151,431		144,412		4.9	%	144,412		128,275		12.6	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities	166,762		158,876		5.0	%	158,876		133,632		18.9	%
Total net operating income	3,259,273		3,197,663		1.9	%	3,197,663		2,965,819		7.8	%
Depreciation and amortization expense:
Same Store Facilities	682,783		658,334		3.7	%	658,334		654,238		0.6	%
Acquired Facilities	237,892		112,247		111.9	%	112,247		18,494		506.9	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities	69,430		56,163		23.6	%	56,163		49,102		14.4	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities	139,661		143,312		(2.5)	%	143,312		166,312		(13.8)	%
Total depreciation and amortization expense	1,129,766		970,056		16.5	%	970,056		888,146		9.2	%
Net income (loss):
Same Store Facilities	2,098,566		2,170,282		(3.3)	%	2,170,282		2,042,614		6.3	%
Acquired Facilities	(78,161)		(46,488)		68.1	%	(46,488)		(11,434)		306.6	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities	82,001		88,249		(7.1)	%	88,249		79,173		11.5	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities	27,101		15,564		74.1	%	15,564		(32,680)		(147.6)	%
Total net income	$	2,129,507	$	2,227,607	(4.4)	%	$	2,227,607	$	2,077,673	7.2	%
Number of facilities at period end:
Same Store Facilities	2,507		2,507		—	%	2,507		2,507		—	%
Acquired Facilities	260		238		9.2	%	238		74		221.6	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities	132		125		5.6	%	125		114		9.6	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities	174		174		—	%	174		174		—	%
	3,073		3,044		1.0	%	3,044		2,869		6.1	%
Net rentable square footage at period end:
Same Store Facilities	169,959		169,959		—	%	169,959		169,959		—	%
Acquired Facilities	18,473		16,807		9.9	%	16,807		4,726		255.6	%
Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities	15,805		14,134		11.8	%	14,134		12,398		14.0	%
Other Non-Same Store Facilities	17,043		17,171		(0.7)	%	17,171		17,134		0.2	%
	221,280		218,071		1.5	%	218,071		204,217		6.8	%

(a)Net operating income or “NOI” is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of depreciation and amortization expense, which is based upon historical real estate costs and assumes that building values diminish ratably over time, while we believe that real estate values fluctuate due to market conditions. We utilize NOI in determining current property values, evaluating property performance, and evaluating property operating trends. We believe that investors and analysts utilize NOI in a similar manner. NOI is not a substitute for net income, operating cash flow, or other related financial measures, in evaluating our operating results. See Note 15 to our December 31, 2025 consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of NOI to our total net income for all periods presented.

30(b)Revenues and cost of operations do not include tenant reinsurance and merchandise sale revenues and expenses generated at the facilities. See “Ancillary Operations” below for more information.

(a)Net operating income or “NOI” is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of depreciation and amortization expense, which is based upon historical real estate costs and assumes that building values diminish ratably over time, while we believe that real estate values fluctuate due to market conditions. We utilize NOI in determining current property values, evaluating property performance, and evaluating property operating trends. We believe that investors and analysts utilize NOI in a similar manner. NOI is not a substitute for net income, operating cash flow, or other related financial measures, in evaluating our operating results. See Note 13 to our December 31, 2024 consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of NOI to our total net income for all periods presented.

Same Store Facilities

The Same Store Facilities consist of facilities we have owned and operated on a stabilized level of occupancy, revenues, and cost of operations since January 1, ~~2022~~2023. Our Same Store Facilities increased from 2,507 facilities at December 31, 2024 to 2,565 at December 31, 2025. The composition of our Same Store Facilities allows us more effectively to evaluate the ongoing performance of our self-storage portfolio in ~~2022~~2023, ~~2023~~2024, and ~~2024~~2025 and exclude the impact of fill-up of unstabilized facilities, which can significantly affect operating trends. We believe investors and analysts use Same Store Facilities information in a similar manner. However, because other REITs may not compute Same Store Facilities in the same manner as we do, may not use the same terminology or may not present such a measure, Same Store Facilities may not be comparable among REITs.

The following table summarizes the historical operating results (for all periods presented) of these 2,~~507~~565 facilities (~~170~~175.03 million net rentable square feet) that represent approximately 7776% of the aggregate net rentable square feet of our U.S. consolidated self-storage portfolio at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. It includes various measures and detail that we do not include in the analysis of the developed, acquired, and other ~~non~~Non-~~same~~Same ~~store~~Store ~~facilities~~Facilities, due to the relative magnitude and importance of the Same Store Facilities relative to our other self-storage facilities.

Selected Operating Data for the Same Store Facilities (2,565 facilities)


	Year Ended December 31,			Year Ended December 31,

		2025		2024		Change (e)	2024		2023		Change (e)

		(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per square foot data)
Revenues (a):
Rental income		$	3,636,192	$	3,633,672	0.1%	$	3,633,672	$	3,657,303	(0.6)%
Late charges and administrative fees		128,641		129,881		(1.0)%	129,881		128,948		0.7%
Total revenues		3,764,833		3,763,553		—%	3,763,553		3,786,251		(0.6)%

Direct cost of operations (a):
Property taxes		378,266		359,212		5.3%	359,212		342,821		4.8%
On-site property manager payroll		129,254		136,124		(5.0)%	136,124		140,757		(3.3)%
Repairs and maintenance		78,046		77,000		1.4%	77,000		70,804		8.8%
Utilities		49,633		49,144		1.0%	49,144		51,307		(4.2)%
Marketing		83,285		87,088		(4.4)%	87,088		77,004		13.1%
Other direct property costs		101,889		101,725		0.2%	101,725		100,942		0.8%
Total direct cost of operations		820,373		810,293		1.2%	810,293		783,635		3.4%
Direct net operating income (b)		2,944,460		$	2,953,260	(0.3)%	$	2,953,260	$	3,002,616	(1.6)%

Indirect cost of operations (a)		(115,545)		(109,041)		6.0%	(109,041)		(116,555)		(6.4)%




Net operating income		2,828,915		2,844,219		(0.5)%	2,844,219		2,886,061		(1.4)%

Depreciation and amortization expense		(705,278)		(711,978)		(0.9)%	(711,978)		(690,644)		3.1%
Net income		2,123,637		$	2,132,241	(0.4)%	$	2,132,241	$	2,195,417	(2.9)%

Gross margin (before indirect costs, depreciation and amortization expense)		78.2%		78.5%		(0.3)%	78.5%		79.3%		(0.8)%

Gross margin (before depreciation and amortization expense)		75.1%		75.6%		(0.5)%	75.6%		76.2%		(0.6)%

Weighted average for the period:
Square foot occupancy		92.0%		92.4%		(0.4)%	92.4%		92.9%		(0.5)%

Realized annual rental income per (c):

Occupied square foot		$	22.54	$	22.43	0.5%	$	22.43	$	22.44	—%
Available square foot		$	20.74	$	20.72	0.1%	$	20.72	$	20.85	(0.6)%

At December 31:
Square foot occupancy		91.0%		90.5%		0.5%	90.5%		91.2%		(0.7)%
Annual contract rent per occupied square foot (d)		$	22.55	$	22.72	(0.7)%	$	22.72	$	22.61	0.5%

Selected Operating Data for the Same Store Facilities (2,507 facilities)

	Year Ended December 31,					Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		Change (e)	2023		2022		Change (e)
	(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per square foot data)
Revenues (a):
Rental income	$	3,550,125	$	3,577,609	(0.8)%	$	3,577,609	$	3,419,212	4.6%
Late charges and administrative fees	126,507		125,722		0.6%	125,722		113,937		10.3%
Total revenues	3,676,632		3,703,331		(0.7)%	3,703,331		3,533,149		4.8%
Direct cost of operations (a):
Property taxes	347,511		331,982		4.7%	331,982		320,795		3.5%
On-site property manager payroll	132,493		137,162		(3.4)%	137,162		133,248		2.9%
Repairs and maintenance	75,354		69,151		9.0%	69,151		65,071		6.3%
Utilities	47,643		49,580		(3.9)%	49,580		50,606		(2.0)%
Marketing	84,936		75,080		13.1%	75,080		52,540		42.9%
Other direct property costs	101,104		98,054		3.1%	98,054		90,081		8.9%
Total direct cost of operations	789,041		761,009		3.7%	761,009		712,341		6.8%
Direct net operating income (b)	2,887,591		2,942,322		(1.9)%	2,942,322		2,820,808		4.3%
Indirect cost of operations (a):
Supervisory payroll	(40,568)		(41,444)		(2.1)%	(41,444)		(44,091)		(6.0)%
Centralized management costs	(55,834)		(60,659)		(8.0)%	(60,659)		(64,046)		(5.3)%
Share-based compensation	(9,840)		(11,603)		(15.2)%	(11,603)		(15,819)		(26.7)%
Net operating income	2,781,349		2,828,616		(1.7)%	2,828,616		2,696,852		4.9%
Depreciation and amortization expense	(682,783)		(658,334)		3.7%	(658,334)		(654,238)		0.6%
Net income	$	2,098,566	$	2,170,282	(3.3)%	$	2,170,282	$	2,042,614	6.3%
Gross margin (before indirect costs, depreciation and amortization expense)	78.5%		79.5%		(1.0)%	79.5%		79.8%		(0.3)%
Gross margin (before depreciation and amortization expense)	75.6%		76.4%		(0.8)%	76.4%		76.3%		0.1%
Weighted average for the period:
Square foot occupancy	92.4%		93.0%		(0.6)%	93.0%		94.6%		(1.6)%
Realized annual rental income per (c):
Occupied square foot	$	22.61	$	22.64	(0.1)%	$	22.64	$	21.28	6.4%
Available square foot	$	20.89	$	21.05	(0.8)%	$	21.05	$	20.12	4.6%
At December 31:
Square foot occupancy	90.5%		91.3%		(0.8)%	91.3%		92.0%		(0.7)%
Annual contract rent per occupied square foot (d)	$	22.89	$	22.80	0.4%	$	22.80	$	22.61	0.8%

(a)Revenues and cost of operations do not include tenant reinsurance and merchandise sale revenues and expenses generated at the facilities. See “Ancillary Operations” below for more information.

(b)Direct net operating income (“Direct NOI”), a subtotal within NOI, is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of supervisory payroll, centralized management costs, and share-based compensation in addition to depreciation and amortization expense. We utilize direct net operating income in evaluating property performance and in evaluating property operating trends as compared to our competitors.

(c)Realized annual rent per occupied square foot is computed by dividing rental income, before late charges and administrative fees, by the weighted average occupied square feet for the period. Realized annual rent per available square foot (“REVPAF”) is computed by dividing rental income, before late charges and administrative fees, by the total available net rentable square feet for the period. These measures exclude late charges and administrative fees in order to provide a better measure of our ongoing level of revenue. Late charges are dependent upon the level of delinquency, and administrative fees are dependent upon the level of move-ins. In addition, the rates charged for late charges and administrative fees can vary independently from rental rates. These measures take into consideration promotional discounts, which reduce rental income.

(d)Annual contract rent represents the agreed upon monthly rate that is paid by our tenants in place at the time of measurement. Contract rates are initially set in the lease agreement upon move-in, and we adjust them from time to time with notice. Contract rent excludes other fees that are charged on a per-item basis, such as late charges and administrative fees, does not reflect the impact of promotional discounts, and does not reflect the impact of rents that are written off as uncollectible.

(e)Represents the absolute nominal change with respect to gross margin and square foot occupancy, and the percentage change with respect to all other items.

Analysis of Same Store Revenue

We believe a balanced occupancy and rate strategy maximizes our revenues over time. We regularly adjust rental rates and promotional discounts offered (generally, “$1.00 rent for the first month”), as well as our marketing efforts to maximize revenue from new tenants to replace tenants that vacate.

We typically increase rental rates to our long-term tenants (generally, those who have been with us for at least ~~six~~five months) every six to twelve months. As a result, the number of long-term tenants we have in our facilities is an important factor in our revenue growth. The level of rate increases to long-term tenants is based upon evaluating the additional revenue from the increase against the negative impact of incremental move-outs, by considering ~~customers~~tenants’ in-place rent and prevailing market rents, among other factors.

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2025 to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Revenues generated by our Same Store Facilities remained relatively unchanged compared to 2024, due primarily to a 0.5% increase in realized annual rent per occupied square foot partially offset by a 0.4% decrease in average occupancy.

The increase in realized annual rent per occupied square foot in 2025 as compared to 2024 was due to cumulative rate increases to existing long-term tenants over the past twelve months partially offset by a decrease in average rates per square foot charged to new tenants moving in over the same period.

The weighted average square foot occupancy for our Same Store Facilities was 92.0% for 2025, representing a decrease of 0.4%, as compared to 2024, due to softening of demand. In response, we lowered move-in rental rates to stimulate move-in activity at our facilities in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Move-out activities from our tenants were lower in 2025 as compared to 2024. More than half of our tenants have rented their space for longer than a year at December 31, 2025, which supported our revenue growth from existing long-term tenants.

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2024 to the Year Ended December 31, 2023

Revenues generated by our Same Store Facilities decreased 0.76% in 2024 as compared to 2023, due primarily to a 0.65% decrease in average occupancy ~~and a 0~~.~~1% decrease in realized annual rent per occupied square foot.~~

The decrease in realized annual rent per occupied square foot in 2024 as compared to 2023 was due to a 11.6% decrease in average rates per square foot charged to new tenants moving in over the past twelve months, partially offset by cumulative rate increases to existing long-term tenants over the same period. At December 31, 2024, annual contract rent per occupied square foot was 0.4% higher as compared to December 31, 2023.32

The weighted average square foot occupancy for our Same Store Facilities was 92.4% for 2024, representing a decrease of 0.65%, as compared to 2023., ~~Occupancy~~due ~~levels~~to ~~have~~softening ~~gradually declined since the second half of 2022 as~~ customer demand ~~softened~~. In response, we lowered move-in rental rates and increased advertising spending to stimulate move-in activity at our facilities in 2024 as compared to 2023.

Move-out activities from our tenants were lower in 2024 as compared to 2023. More than half of our tenants have rented their space for longer than ~~six~~a ~~months~~year at December 31, 2024, which supported our revenue growth from existing long-term tenants.

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2023 to the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Revenues generated by our Same Store Facilities increased 4.8% in 2023 as compared to 2022, due primarily to a 6.4% increase in realized annual rent per occupied square foot, partially offset by a 1.6% decrease in average occupancy.

The increase in realized annual rent per occupied square foot in 2023 as compared to 2022 was due to cumulative rate increases to existing long-term tenants over the past twelve months, partially offset by a 13.9% decrease in average rates per square foot charged to new tenants moving in who replaced tenants moving out with higher rental rates. At December 31, 2023, annual contract rent per occupied square foot was 0.8% higher as compared to December 31, 2022.

The weighted average square foot occupancy for our Same Store Facilities was 93.0% for 2023, representing a decrease of 1.6%, as compared to 2022. Occupancy levels have gradually declined since the second half of 2022. In response we lowered move-in rental rates and increased promotional activity and advertising spending to increase move-in activity at our facilities in 2023 as compared to 2022.

Move-out activities from our tenants were higher in 2023 as compared to 2022. Average length of stay of our tenants remained at similar high levels in 2023 as compared to 2022, which supported our revenue growth from existing long-term tenants.

Selected Key Move-in and Move-Out Statistical Data

The following table sets forth average annual contract rent per square foot and total square footage for tenants moving in and moving out during the years ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024, and ~~2022~~2023. Contract rents gained from move-ins and contracts rents lost from move-outs included in the table assume move-in and move-out activities occur at the beginning of each period presented. The table also includes promotional discounts, which vary based upon the move-in contractual rates, move-in volume, and percentage of tenants moving in who receive the discount.

	Year Ended December 31,	~~Year Ended December 31,~~		Year Ended December 31,			~~Year Ended December 31,~~
		2024		2023		Change	2023		2022		Change
		2025		2024		Change	2024		2023		Change
		(Amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
Tenants moving in during the period:
Average annual contract rent per square foot		$	1312.7680	$	1513.5769	(~~11.~~6.5)%	$	1513.5769	$	1815.0850	(1311.97)%
Square footage		~~120~~124,~~176~~363		~~121~~123,~~432~~937		~~(1.~~0).3%	~~121~~123,~~432~~937		~~112~~125,~~410~~160		8(1.0)%
Contract rents gained from move-ins		$	1,~~653~~591,~~622~~846	$	1,~~890,~~696,698	(126.52)%	$	1,~~890,~~696,698	$	21,~~032~~939,~~373~~980	(712.05)%
Promotional discounts given		$	6156,~~736~~868	$	6663,~~031~~904	(611.50)%	$	6663,~~031~~904	$	6066,~~839~~031	8(3.52)%
Tenants moving out during the period:
Average annual contract rent per square foot		$	20.7030	$	~~21.~~20.59	(21.4)%	$	~~21.~~20.59	$	2021.5306	3(2.32)%
Square footage		~~121~~123,~~425~~569		~~122~~125,~~489~~101		(01.92)%	~~122~~125,~~489~~101		~~116~~126,~~404~~491		5(1.21)%
Contract rents lost from move-outs		$	2,~~513~~508,~~498~~451	$	2,~~596~~575,~~767~~830	(3.2.6)%	$	2,~~596~~575,~~767~~830	$	2,~~389~~663,~~774~~900	8(3.73)%

~~Industry~~We expect industry-wide demand ~~was~~from ~~weaker~~new tenants in ~~2024~~2026 ~~compared~~ to ~~2023~~be ~~partially~~similar ~~due~~ to ~~lower~~2025, ~~home-moving~~across ~~activities~~a ~~offset~~diverse byset ~~increases~~of inmarkets, ~~customers~~subject ~~who~~to ~~sought~~potential ~~storage~~adverse ~~space~~effects ~~for~~from ~~other~~evolving ~~reasons.~~political ~~Demand~~and ~~fluctuates~~macroeconomic ~~due~~uncertainty, toincluding ~~various~~changes ~~local~~in trade policy and ~~regional~~new ~~factors~~tariffs, ~~including~~pricing ~~the~~restrictions ~~overall~~and ~~economy,~~microeconomic asuncertainty. ~~well~~As asa ~~new~~result, ~~supply~~we ofexpect ~~self-storage~~Same ~~space~~Store ~~and~~Facilities ~~alternatives~~revenues in 2026 to ~~self-storage.~~be modestly below those earned in 2025.

We expect industry-wide demand from new customers in 2025 to be similar to 2024. However, following the recent wildfires in southern California in early 2025, we anticipate a potentially significant negative impact on the revenue growth from the self-storage facilities located in Los Angeles County and Ventura County, where a temporary governmental pricing limitation is in place under the “State of Emergency” declarations. These self-storage facilities generated approximately 10% of revenues earned by our Same Store Facilities in 2024. As a result, we expect Same Store Facilities revenues in 2025 to be similar to those earned in 2024.

Late Charges and Administrative Fees

Late charges and administrative fees ~~increased~~decreased 01.60% in 2025 and 10increased 0.37% in 2024 ~~and 2023~~, respectively, in each case as compared to the previous year. The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~2024~~2025 was due primarily to ~~higher~~lower late charges ~~and~~on ~~lien~~delinquent ~~fees~~accounts ~~collected~~due onto ~~delinquent~~lower ~~accounts~~customer delinquency rates. The increase in ~~2023~~2024 was due primarily to higher late charges ~~collected on delinquent accounts~~ and ~~higher~~lien ~~administrative~~ fees ~~resulting~~collected ~~from~~on ~~higher~~delinquent ~~move-in volumes~~accounts. ~~Delinquency rates remained at similar levels for 2024 as compared to 2023.~~

Analysis of Same Store Cost of Operations

Cost of operations (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased 21.48% and 42.61% in ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively, in each case as compared to the previous year. The increase in ~~2024~~2025 was due primarily to increased property tax expense, ~~marketing expense,~~ and ~~repairs~~indirect ~~and~~cost ~~maintenance~~of ~~expense~~operations, partially offset by decreased ~~centralized management costs and~~ on-site property manager payroll expense and marketing expense. The increase in ~~2023~~2024 was due primarily to increased property tax expense, repairs and maintenance expense and marketing expense partially offset by decreased on-site property manager payroll expense, utilities expense and ~~other~~indirect ~~direct~~cost ~~property~~of ~~costs~~operations.

Property tax expense increased 45.73% and 34.58% in ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively, in each case as compared to the previous year, as a result of higher assessed values. We expect property tax expense to grow ~~approximately 5%~~ in ~~2025~~2026 due primarily to higher assessed values.

On-site property manager payroll expense decreased 3.4% in 2024 as compared to 2023 and increased 2.9% in 2023 as compared to 2022. The decrease in 2024 was primarily due to reduction in labor hours driven by the implementation of dynamic staffing models based on customer activity levels. The increase in 2023 was primarily due to increases in wage rates as a result of competitive labor conditions experienced in most geographical markets. We expect on-site property manager payroll expense to decrease moderately in 2025 as compared to 2024 as we continue to enhance operational processes.33

~~Repairs~~On-site ~~and~~property ~~maintenance~~manager payroll expense ~~increased~~decreased 95.0% and 63.3% in ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively, in each case as compared to the previous year. ~~Repairs~~The ~~and~~decreases ~~maintenance~~in ~~expense~~each ~~levels~~year ~~are~~were ~~dependent~~primarily ~~upon~~due ~~many~~to ~~factors~~reduction ~~such~~in aslabor ~~(i)~~hours ~~damage~~driven ~~and~~by ~~equipment~~the ~~malfunctions,~~continued ~~(ii)~~implementation ~~short-term~~of ~~local~~dynamic ~~supply~~staffing ~~and~~models ~~demand~~based ~~factors~~on ~~for~~customer ~~material~~activity ~~and~~levels. ~~labor,~~We ~~and~~expect ~~(iii)~~on-site ~~weather~~property ~~conditions,~~manager ~~which~~payroll ~~can~~expense ~~impact~~to ~~costs~~decrease ~~such~~in 2026 as ~~snow~~compared ~~removal,~~to ~~roof~~2025 ~~repairs,~~as ~~and~~we ~~HVAC~~continue ~~maintenance~~to ~~and~~enhance ~~repairs~~operational processes.

~~Our~~Repairs ~~utility expense consists primarily of electricity costs, which are dependent upon energy prices~~ and ~~usage~~maintenance ~~levels. Changes in usage levels are driven primarily by weather and temperature. Utility~~ expense ~~decreased~~increased 31.94% and 28.08% in ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively, in each case as compared to the previous year,. ~~due~~Repairs ~~primarily~~and tomaintenance ~~our~~expense ~~investment~~levels inare ~~energy~~dependent ~~saving~~upon ~~technology~~many factors such as ~~solar~~(i) ~~power~~damage and ~~LED~~equipment ~~lights~~malfunctions, ~~which~~(ii) ~~generate~~short-term ~~favorable~~local ~~returns~~supply onand ~~investment~~demand infactors ~~the~~for ~~form~~material ofand ~~lower~~labor, ~~utility~~and ~~usage.~~(iii) Weweather ~~expect~~conditions, awhich ~~decline~~can inimpact ~~utility~~costs ~~expense~~such ~~in 2025~~ as ~~compared~~snow toremoval, ~~2024~~roof asrepairs, weand ~~continue~~HVAC ~~our~~maintenance ~~investment~~and ~~in solar power~~repairs.

~~Marketing~~Our utility expense ~~includes~~consists ~~Internet~~primarily ~~advertising~~of weelectricity ~~utilize through our online paid search programs~~costs, ~~television~~which ~~advertising~~are ~~and~~dependent ~~the~~upon ~~operating~~energy ~~costs~~prices ~~of our website~~ and ~~telephone~~usage ~~reservation center~~levels. ~~Internet~~Changes ~~advertising~~in ~~expense,~~usage ~~comprising~~levels ~~keyword~~are ~~search~~driven ~~fees~~primarily ~~assessed~~by onweather aand ~~“per~~temperature. ~~click”~~Utility ~~basis,~~expense ~~varies~~increased ~~based~~1.0% ~~upon~~in ~~demand~~2025 ~~for~~and ~~self-storage~~decreased ~~space,~~4.2% ~~the~~in ~~quantity~~2024 ofas ~~people~~compared ~~inquiring~~to ~~about~~the ~~self-storage~~previous ~~through online search~~year, ~~occupancy~~due ~~levels,~~primarily ~~the~~to ~~number~~our ~~and~~investment ~~aggressiveness~~in ofenergy ~~bidding~~saving ~~competitors,~~technology ~~and~~such ~~other~~as ~~factors.~~solar ~~These~~power ~~factors~~and ~~are~~LED ~~volatile; accordingly~~lights, ~~Internet~~which ~~advertising~~generate ~~can~~favorable ~~increase~~returns oron ~~decrease~~investment ~~significantly~~ in the ~~short-term.~~form Weof ~~increased~~lower ~~marketing~~utility ~~expense by 13.1% and 42.9% in 2024 and 2023~~usage, ~~respectively,~~partially inoffset ~~each case as compared to the previous year, primarily~~ by ~~utilizing~~increased autility ~~higher~~rates ~~volume~~in ~~of online paid search programs to attract new tenants~~2025. We ~~plan~~expect tolower ~~continue~~electricity toconsumption ~~use~~in ~~internet~~2026 ~~advertising~~as ~~and~~a ~~other~~result ~~advertising~~of ~~channels~~our tocontinued ~~support~~investment ~~move-~~in ~~volumes~~solar ~~in 2025~~power.

~~Other~~Marketing ~~direct~~expense ~~property~~includes ~~costs~~internet ~~include~~advertising ~~administrative~~we ~~expenses~~utilize ~~specific~~through toour ~~each~~online ~~self-storage~~paid ~~facility,~~search ~~such~~programs asand ~~property~~the ~~loss,~~operating ~~telephone~~costs of our website and ~~data~~telephone ~~communication~~reservation ~~lines,~~center. ~~business~~Internet ~~license~~advertising ~~costs~~expense, ~~bank~~comprising ~~charges~~keyword ~~related~~search tofees ~~processing~~assessed ~~the~~on ~~facilities’~~a ~~cash~~“per ~~receipts~~click” basis, ~~tenant~~varies ~~mailings,~~based ~~credit~~upon ~~card~~demand ~~fees~~for self-storage space, ~~eviction~~the ~~costs~~quantity of people inquiring about self-storage through online search, ~~and~~occupancy levels, the ~~cost~~number and aggressiveness of ~~operating~~bidding ~~each~~competitors, ~~property’s~~and ~~rental~~other ~~office~~factors. These ~~costs~~factors ~~increased~~are ~~3.1%~~volatile; accordingly, internet advertising can increase or decrease significantly in ~~2024~~the asshort-term. ~~compared~~Our tomarketing ~~2023~~expense decreased by 4.4% in 2025 and 8increased by 13.91% in ~~2023~~2024 as compared to ~~2022~~the previous year. The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~2024~~2025 was primarily due to ~~increased~~realized ~~property~~cost ~~loss~~efficiencies ~~and~~on ~~restoration~~our ~~expenses~~online ~~related~~paid tosearch ~~fire~~programs ~~and~~utilized ~~flooding~~to ~~events~~attract new tenants. The increase in ~~2023~~2024 was ~~due~~ primarily due to anutilizing ~~increase in credit card fees as~~ a ~~result~~higher volume of ~~year-over-year~~online ~~increases~~paid insearch ~~revenues,~~programs ~~combined~~to ~~with~~attract anew ~~long-term~~tenants. ~~trend~~We ofplan ~~more~~to ~~customers~~continue ~~paying~~to ~~with~~use ~~credit~~internet ~~cards~~advertising ~~rather~~and ~~than cash, checks, or~~ other ~~methods~~advertising ofchannels ~~payment~~to ~~with~~support ~~lower~~move-in ~~transaction~~volumes ~~costs~~in 2026.

~~Centralized~~Indirect Cost of Operations represents costs related to our supervisory payroll, centralized management costs, ~~represent~~and share-based compensation. Indirect Cost of Operations increased 6.0% in 2025 and decreased 6.4% in 2024 as compared to the previous year primarily related to changes in the administrative and cash compensation expenses for shared general corporate functions to the extent their efforts are devoted to self-storage operations. Such functions include information technology support, hardware, and software, as well as centralized administration of payroll, benefits, training, repairs and maintenance, customer service, pricing and marketing, operational accounting and finance, legal costs, and costs from field management executives. ~~Centralized~~The ~~management~~increase ~~costs~~in ~~decreased~~2025 ~~8.0%~~was inprimarily ~~2024~~driven asby ~~compared~~increases toin ~~2023~~personnel-related ~~and~~costs. ~~decreased~~The ~~5.3%~~decrease in ~~2023~~2024 aswas ~~compared to 2022,~~ primarily driven by achievement of economies of scale from recent acquisitions with centralized management costs allocated over a broader number of self-storage facilities including ~~non~~Non-~~same~~Same ~~store~~Store ~~facilities~~Facilities.

3534

Analysis of Market Trends

The following tables set forth selected market trends in our Same Store Facilities:

Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market


	As of December 31, 2025		Year Ended December 31,
			Realized Rent per Occupied Square Foot						Average Occupancy						Realized Rent per Available Square Foot
	Number of Facilities	Square Feet (millions)	2025		2024		Change (a)		2025		2024		Change (a)		2025		2024		Change (a)
Los Angeles	217	15.8	$	35.76	$	36.17	(1.1)	%	94.8	%	94.6	%	0.2	%	$	33.91	$	34.23	(0.9)	%
San Francisco	130	8.0	33.66		32.69		3.0	%	94.0	%	94.3	%	(0.3)	%	31.63		30.81		2.7	%
New York	90	6.6	32.97		32.33		2.0	%	93.2	%	93.6	%	(0.4)	%	30.72		30.25		1.6	%
Washington DC	109	7.3	27.48		26.92		2.1	%	93.2	%	92.8	%	0.4	%	25.62		24.97		2.6	%
Miami	85	6.3	30.07		29.86		0.7	%	92.6	%	93.3	%	(0.7)	%	27.84		27.87		(0.1)	%
Seattle-Tacoma	95	6.7	26.66		25.76		3.5	%	92.2	%	92.8	%	(0.6)	%	24.59		23.90		2.9	%
Dallas-Ft. Worth	136	10.2	17.41		18.23		(4.5)	%	89.5	%	89.2	%	0.3	%	15.59		16.26		(4.1)	%
Houston	128	10.4	16.97		16.76		1.3	%	90.2	%	91.7	%	(1.5)	%	15.32		15.36		(0.3)	%
Chicago	132	8.4	21.13		20.49		3.1	%	92.7	%	92.9	%	(0.2)	%	19.60		19.03		3.0	%
Atlanta	107	7.1	16.10		17.30		(6.9)	%	88.5	%	88.2	%	0.3	%	14.25		15.27		(6.7)	%
West Palm Beach	42	3.3	25.80		25.78		0.1	%	91.5	%	92.5	%	(1.0)	%	23.61		23.83		(0.9)	%
Orlando-Daytona	72	4.6	18.66		18.73		(0.4)	%	89.9	%	91.6	%	(1.7)	%	16.78		17.16		(2.2)	%
Philadelphia	60	3.9	20.52		20.62		(0.5)	%	92.7	%	92.7	%	—	%	19.02		19.11		(0.5)	%
Baltimore	40	2.9	23.40		23.55		(0.6)	%	93.0	%	92.4	%	0.6	%	21.77		21.75		0.1	%
San Diego	22	2.1	30.51		29.79		2.4	%	93.9	%	94.3	%	(0.4)	%	28.64		28.10		1.9	%
Charlotte	57	4.4	15.79		15.99		(1.3)	%	89.8	%	91.3	%	(1.5)	%	14.18		14.60		(2.9)	%
Denver	60	4.1	19.27		19.30		(0.2)	%	91.6	%	91.8	%	(0.2)	%	17.66		17.72		(0.3)	%
Tampa	56	3.7	19.32		18.78		2.9	%	91.2	%	91.7	%	(0.5)	%	17.62		17.22		2.3	%
Phoenix	45	3.1	19.34		19.76		(2.1)	%	91.8	%	92.2	%	(0.4)	%	17.75		18.22		(2.6)	%
Detroit	43	3.1	18.21		17.96		1.4	%	92.7	%	92.8	%	(0.1)	%	16.88		16.67		1.3	%
Boston	27	1.9	28.94		28.46		1.7	%	93.7	%	93.8	%	(0.1)	%	27.12		26.69		1.6	%
Honolulu	11	0.8	55.26		53.21		3.9	%	95.6	%	96.1	%	(0.5)	%	52.82		51.11		3.3	%
Portland	44	2.3	21.74		21.28		2.2	%	92.3	%	93.0	%	(0.7)	%	20.06		19.79		1.4	%
Minneapolis/St. Paul	50	3.5	16.84		16.46		2.3	%	93.1	%	92.2	%	0.9	%	15.68		15.17		3.4	%
Sacramento	34	2.0	21.70		21.65		0.2	%	92.8	%	93.6	%	(0.8)	%	20.13		20.27		(0.7)	%
All other markets	673	42.8	16.28		16.22		0.4	%	91.5	%	92.2	%	(0.7)	%	14.90		14.95		(0.3)	%
Totals	2,565	175.3	$	22.54	$	22.43	0.5	%	92.0	%	92.4	%	(0.4)	%	$	20.74	$	20.72	0.1	%

	As of December 31, 2024		Year Ended December 31,
	Numberof Facilities	SquareFeet(millions)	Realized Rent perOccupied Square Foot						Average Occupancy						Realized Rent perAvailable Square Foot
			2024		2023		Change (a)		2024		2023		Change (a)		2024		2023		Change (a)
Los Angeles	218	15.9	$	36.09	$	35.83	0.7	%	94.6	%	95.4	%	(0.8)	%	$	34.15	$	34.16	—	%
San Francisco	130	8.1	32.69		32.22		1.5	%	94.3	%	94.3	%	—	%	30.81		30.38		1.4	%
New York	91	6.7	32.26		32.07		0.6	%	93.6	%	93.3	%	0.3	%	30.19		29.93		0.9	%
Washington DC	109	7.3	26.92		26.62		1.1	%	92.8	%	91.7	%	1.1	%	24.97		24.40		2.3	%
Miami	87	6.3	29.93		30.01		(0.3)	%	93.1	%	93.6	%	(0.5)	%	27.88		28.08		(0.7)	%
Dallas-Ft. Worth	130	9.7	18.26		18.18		0.4	%	89.2	%	91.6	%	(2.4)	%	16.29		16.65		(2.2)	%
Seattle-Tacoma	92	6.3	25.61		25.78		(0.7)	%	92.9	%	92.5	%	0.4	%	23.78		23.84		(0.3)	%
Houston	117	9.2	16.96		16.74		1.3	%	91.7	%	91.8	%	(0.1)	%	15.55		15.37		1.2	%
Chicago	131	8.3	20.53		20.21		1.6	%	92.9	%	93.0	%	(0.1)	%	19.08		18.80		1.5	%
Atlanta	107	7.1	17.30		17.93		(3.5)	%	88.2	%	90.8	%	(2.6)	%	15.27		16.29		(6.3)	%
Orlando-Daytona	69	4.4	18.85		19.65		(4.1)	%	91.7	%	93.3	%	(1.6)	%	17.28		18.34		(5.8)	%
West Palm Beach	41	3.1	26.11		26.59		(1.8)	%	92.3	%	93.4	%	(1.1)	%	24.09		24.84		(3.0)	%
Philadelphia	57	3.6	20.95		21.42		(2.2)	%	92.9	%	92.9	%	—	%	19.45		19.91		(2.3)	%
Baltimore	38	2.8	23.33		23.75		(1.8)	%	92.4	%	91.1	%	1.3	%	21.56		21.63		(0.3)	%
Charlotte	55	4.2	16.00		16.18		(1.1)	%	91.3	%	92.9	%	(1.6)	%	14.60		15.04		(2.9)	%
All other markets	1,035	67.0	18.40		18.55		(0.8)	%	92.5	%	93.0	%	(0.5)	%	17.01		17.25		(1.4)	%
Totals	2,507	170.0	$	22.61	$	22.64	(0.1)	%	92.4	%	93.0	%	(0.6)	%	$	20.89	$	21.05	(0.8)	%

(a) Represents the absolute nominal change with respect to square foot occupancy, and the percentage change with respect to all other items.

Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market (Continued)


	Year Ended December 31,
	Revenues ($000's)						Direct Expenses ($000's)						Indirect Expenses ($000's)						Net Operating Income ($000's)
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Los Angeles	$	548,557	$	553,831	(1.0)	%	$	72,586	$	70,632	2.8	%	$	10,234	$	10,395	(1.5)	%	$	465,737	$	472,804	(1.5)	%
San Francisco	259,617		253,191		2.5	%	39,776		39,403		0.9	%	6,067		5,631		7.7	%	213,774		208,157		2.7	%
New York	210,339		207,047		1.6	%	51,929		50,679		2.5	%	4,900		4,374		12.0	%	153,510		151,994		1.0	%
Washington DC	193,133		188,317		2.6	%	40,138		37,760		6.3	%	5,239		5,064		3.5	%	147,756		145,493		1.6	%
Miami	180,102		180,326		(0.1)	%	39,308		41,001		(4.1)	%	3,825		3,756		1.8	%	136,969		135,569		1.0	%
Seattle-Tacoma	167,980		163,282		2.9	%	30,324		32,503		(6.7)	%	4,511		4,159		8.5	%	133,145		126,620		5.2	%
Dallas-Ft. Worth	165,380		172,947		(4.4)	%	43,782		42,253		3.6	%	5,970		5,237		14.0	%	115,628		125,457		(7.8)	%
Houston	167,013		167,654		(0.4)	%	45,869		45,486		0.8	%	5,854		5,358		9.3	%	115,290		116,810		(1.3)	%
Chicago	170,409		165,443		3.0	%	66,834		62,466		7.0	%	5,761		5,355		7.6	%	97,814		97,622		0.2	%
Atlanta	106,706		114,192		(6.6)	%	25,377		27,458		(7.6)	%	4,863		4,485		8.4	%	76,466		82,249		(7.0)	%
West Palm Beach	80,016		80,834		(1.0)	%	17,655		17,989		(1.9)	%	1,959		2,056		(4.7)	%	60,402		60,789		(0.6)	%
Orlando-Daytona	79,710		81,508		(2.2)	%	17,441		17,472		(0.2)	%	3,156		3,062		3.1	%	59,113		60,974		(3.1)	%
Philadelphia	77,093		77,485		(0.5)	%	19,553		17,709		10.4	%	2,626		2,576		1.9	%	54,914		57,200		(4.0)	%
Baltimore	66,939		66,842		0.1	%	13,777		13,495		2.1	%	1,771		1,646		7.6	%	51,391		51,701		(0.6)	%
San Diego	60,398		59,325		1.8	%	9,369		9,433		(0.7)	%	1,074		1,189		(9.7)	%	49,955		48,703		2.6	%
Charlotte	65,692		67,639		(2.9)	%	13,541		13,618		(0.6)	%	2,445		2,210		10.6	%	49,706		51,811		(4.1)	%
Denver	75,994		76,279		(0.4)	%	23,813		24,163		(1.4)	%	2,589		2,452		5.6	%	49,592		49,664		(0.1)	%
Tampa	68,548		67,163		2.1	%	16,674		16,763		(0.5)	%	2,384		2,232		6.8	%	49,490		48,168		2.7	%
Phoenix	58,033		59,634		(2.7)	%	11,007		11,977		(8.1)	%	1,897		1,999		(5.1)	%	45,129		45,658		(1.2)	%
Detroit	54,940		54,286		1.2	%	11,722		10,397		12.7	%	1,949		1,738		12.1	%	41,269		42,151		(2.1)	%
Boston	52,112		51,264		1.7	%	11,583		11,405		1.6	%	1,283		1,264		1.5	%	39,246		38,595		1.7	%
Honolulu	43,398		41,949		3.5	%	5,797		5,674		2.2	%	630		520		21.2	%	36,971		35,755		3.4	%
Portland	48,472		47,881		1.2	%	9,816		9,655		1.7	%	1,779		1,781		(0.1)	%	36,877		36,445		1.2	%
Minneapolis/St. Paul	56,238		54,397		3.4	%	17,528		17,255		1.6	%	2,184		1,935		12.9	%	36,526		35,207		3.7	%
Sacramento	40,917		41,240		(0.8)	%	7,185		6,612		8.7	%	1,479		1,424		3.9	%	32,253		33,204		(2.9)	%
All other markets	667,097		669,597		(0.4)	%	157,989		157,035		0.6	%	29,116		27,143		7.3	%	479,992		485,419		(1.1)	%
Totals	$	3,764,833	$	3,763,553	—	%	$	820,373	$	810,293	1.2	%	$	115,545	$	109,041	6.0	%	$	2,828,915	$	2,844,219	(0.5)	%

Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market (Continued)

	Year Ended December 31,
	As of December 31, 2024						Year Ended December 31,
	Revenues ($000's)						Direct Expenses ($000's)						Indirect Expenses ($000's)							Net Operating Income ($000's)
							Realized Rent perOccupied Square Foot								Average Occupancy										Realized Rent perAvailable Square Foot
	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change		2024		2023			Change		2024			2023		Change
	Numberof Facilities		SquareFeet(millions)				2024		2023		Change (a)				2024			2023		Change (a)					2024			2023		Change (a)
Los Angeles	$217	~~555,529~~	$15.8	~~555,989~~	~~(0.1)~~	%	$	~~70,934~~36.17	$	~~73,638~~35.91	(30.7)	%	$	~~10,437~~	$94.6	~~11,160~~	%	(695.5)4	%	$(0.8)	~~474,158~~	%	$	~~471,191~~	~~0.6~~$	34.23	%	$	34.24	—	%
San Francisco	~~253,191~~130		~~249,790~~8.0		~~1.4~~	%	~~39,403~~32.69		~~38,835~~32.22		1.5	%	~~5,631~~		~~5,958~~94.3		%	(594.5)3	%	~~208,157~~—		%	~~204,997~~		130.581		%	30.38		1.4	%
New York	~~208,182~~90		~~206,118~~6.6		~~1.0~~	%	~~51,003~~32.33		~~49,282~~32.13		30.56	%	~~4,409~~		~~4,711~~93.6		%	(693.4)3	%	~~152,770~~0.3		%	~~152,125~~		030.425		%	29.98		0.9	%
Washington DC	~~188,317~~109		~~184,028~~7.3		~~2.3~~	%	~~37,760~~26.92		~~37,260~~26.62		1.31	%	~~5,064~~		~~5,065~~92.8		%	—91.7	%	~~145,493~~1.1		%	~~141,703~~		224.797		%	24.40		2.3	%
Miami	~~181,575~~85		~~182,939~~6.3		~~(0.7)~~	%	~~42,621~~29.86		~~34,936~~29.90		~~22.~~(0.1)	%	~~3,838~~		~~4,087~~93.3		%	(693.1)7	%	~~135,116~~(0.4)		%	~~143,916~~		(627.1)87		%	28.00		(0.5)	%
Dallas-Ft. Worth	165,396		169,311		(2.3)	%	40,153		38,154		5.2	%	5,001		5,514			(9.3)	%	120,242			125,643		(4.3)		%
Seattle-Tacoma	95		6.7				25.76		25.90		(0.5)	%			92.8		%	92.4	%	0.4		%			23.90			23.94		(0.2)	%
Seattle-Tacoma	154,195		154,556		(0.2)	%	30,854		28,193		9.4	%	3,974		3,983			(0.2)	%	119,367			122,380		(2.5)		%
Dallas-Ft. Worth	136		10.2				18.23		18.10		0.7	%			89.2		%	91.6	%	(2.4)		%			16.26			16.57		(1.9)	%
Houston	~~149,672~~128		~~148,111~~10.4		~~1.1~~	%	~~39,829~~16.76		~~38,830~~16.48		21.67	%	~~4,778~~		~~5,062~~91.7		%	(591.6)9	%	~~105,065~~(0.2)		%	~~104,219~~		015.836		%	15.16		1.3	%
Chicago	~~163,809~~132		~~161,420~~8.4		~~1.5~~	%	~~61,786~~20.49		~~61,071~~20.16		1.26	%	~~5,306~~		~~5,558~~92.9		%	(493.5)0	%	~~96,717~~(0.1)		%	~~94,791~~		219.003		%	18.74		1.5	%
Atlanta	~~114,192~~107		~~121,446~~7.1		~~(6.0)~~	%	~~27,458~~17.30		~~24,661~~17.93		~~11.~~(3.5)	%	~~4,485~~		~~4,719~~88.2		%	(590.0)8	%	~~82,249~~(2.6)		%	~~92,066~~		~~(10~~15.7)27		%	16.29		(6.3)	%
Orlando-Daytona	79,089		83,774		(5.6)	%	16,988		16,429		3.4	%	2,945		3,172			(7.2)	%	59,156			64,173		(7.8)		%
West Palm Beach	42		3.3				25.78		26.25		(1.8)	%			92.5		%	93.4	%	(0.9)		%			23.83			24.53		(2.9)	%
West Palm Beach	76,476		78,831		(3.0)	%	16,892		17,020		(0.8)	%	1,967		2,121			(7.3)	%	57,617			59,690		(3.5)		%
Orlando-Daytona	72		4.6				18.73		19.47		(3.8)	%			91.6		%	93.2	%	(1.6)		%			17.16			18.14		(5.4)	%
Philadelphia	~~74,063~~60		~~75,654~~3.9		~~(2.1)~~	%	~~16,587~~20.62		~~16,701~~20.99		(01.78)	%	~~2,391~~		~~2,549~~92.7		%	(692.2)7	%	~~55,085~~—		%	~~56,404~~		(219.3)11		%	19.46		(1.8)	%
Baltimore	~~63,971~~40		~~64,141~~2.9		~~(0.3)~~	%	~~13,010~~23.55		~~12,282~~23.97		5(1.98)	%	~~1,599~~		~~1,678~~92.4		%	(491.7)0	%	~~49,362~~1.4		%	~~50,181~~		(121.6)75		%	21.82		(0.3)	%
Charlotte	63,612		65,385		(2.7)	%	12,826		12,193		5.2	%	2,105		2,198			(4.2)	%	48,681			50,994		(4.5)		%
San Diego	22		2.1				29.79		29.30		1.7	%			94.3		%	94.6	%	(0.3)		%			28.10			27.72		1.4	%
All other markets	1,185,363		1,201,838		(1.4)	%	270,937		261,524		3.6	%	42,312		46,171			(8.4)	%	872,114			894,143		(2.5)		%
Charlotte	57		4.4				15.99		16.17		(1.1)	%			91.3		%	93.0	%	(1.7)		%			14.60			15.03		(2.9)	%
Totals	$	3,676,632	$	3,703,331	(0.7)	%	$	789,041	$	761,009	3.7	%	$	106,242	$	113,706		(6.6)	%	$	2,781,349		$	2,828,616	(1.7)		%
Denver	60		4.1				19.30		19.23		0.4	%			91.8		%	92.5	%	(0.7)		%			17.72			17.80		(0.4)	%
Tampa	56		3.7				18.78		19.87		(5.5)	%			91.7		%	91.9	%	(0.2)		%			17.22			18.27		(5.7)	%
Phoenix	45		3.1				19.76		20.73		(4.7)	%			92.2		%	92.1	%	0.1		%			18.22			19.09		(4.6)	%
Detroit	43		3.1				17.96		17.80		0.9	%			92.8		%	93.0	%	(0.2)		%			16.67			16.55		0.7	%
Boston	27		1.9				28.46		28.22		0.9	%			93.8		%	94.1	%	(0.3)		%			26.69			26.55		0.5	%
Honolulu	11		0.8				53.21		51.30		3.7	%			96.1		%	96.3	%	(0.2)		%			51.11			49.41		3.4	%
Portland	44		2.3				21.28		21.63		(1.6)	%			93.0		%	92.7	%	0.3		%			19.79			20.05		(1.3)	%
Minneapolis/St. Paul	50		3.5				16.46		16.46		—	%			92.2		%	91.9	%	0.3		%			15.17			15.12		0.3	%
Sacramento	34		2.0				21.65		21.98		(1.5)	%			93.6		%	94.1	%	(0.5)		%			20.27			20.69		(2.0)	%
All other markets	673		42.8				16.22		16.31		(0.6)	%			92.2		%	92.9	%	(0.7)		%			14.95			15.16		(1.4)	%
Totals	2,565		175.3				$	22.43	$	22.44	—	%			92.4		%	92.9	%	(0.5)		%			$	20.72		$	20.85	(0.6)	%

(a) Represents the absolute nominal change with respect to square foot occupancy, and the percentage change with respect to all other items.

Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market (Continued)

	As of December 31, 2024				Year Ended December 31,
	Year Ended December 31,
	Numberof Facilities		SquareFeet(millions)		Realized Rent perOccupied Square Foot								Average Occupancy							Realized Rent perAvailable Square Foot
	Revenues ($000's)									Direct Expenses ($000's)										Indirect Expenses ($000's)						Net Operating Income ($000's)
					2023			2022		Change (a)			2023			2022		Change (a)		2023		2022		Change (a)
	2024		2023		Change					2024			2023			Change				2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change
Los Angeles	~~218~~$	553,831	~~15.9~~$	554,243	$(0.1)	~~35.83~~	%	$	~~32.33~~	~~10.8~~$	70,632	%	~~95.4~~$	73,349	%	96(3.87)	%	~~(1.4)~~	%	$	~~34.16~~10,395	$	~~31.28~~11,111	9(6.24)	%	$	472,804	$	469,783	0.6	%
San Francisco	~~130~~253,191		~~8.1~~249,790		321.224		%	~~31.06~~		~~3.7~~39,403		%	~~94.3~~38,835		%	951.25	%	~~(0.9)~~	%	~~30.38~~5,631		~~29.56~~5,958		2(5.85)	%	208,157		204,997		1.5	%
New York	91207,047		~~6.7~~204,976		321.070		%	~~30.53~~		~~5.0~~50,679		%	~~93.3~~48,963		%	~~94.~~3.5	%	~~(1.0)~~	%	~~29.93~~4,374		~~28.80~~4,670		3(6.93)	%	151,994		151,343		0.4	%
Washington DC	~~109~~188,317		~~7.3~~184,028		262.623		%	~~25.55~~		~~4.2~~37,760		%	~~91.7~~37,260		%	921.63	%	~~(0.9)~~	%	~~24.40~~5,064		~~23.66~~5,065		~~3.1~~—	%	145,493		141,703		2.7	%
Miami	87180,326		~~6.3~~181,188		30(0.015)		%	~~28.01~~		~~7.1~~41,001		%	~~93.6~~34,815		%	9517.68	%	~~(2.0)~~	%	~~28.08~~3,756		~~26.77~~4,018		4(6.95)	%	135,569		142,355		(4.8)	%
Dallas-Ft. Worth	130		9.7		18.18			16.71		8.8		%	91.6		%	93.9	%	(2.3)	%	16.65		15.70		6.1	%
Seattle-Tacoma	163,282		163,512		(0.1)		%			32,503			29,663			9.6	%			4,159		4,139		0.5	%	126,620		129,710		(2.4)	%
Seattle-Tacoma	92		6.3		25.78			24.81		3.9		%	92.5		%	94.0	%	(1.5)	%	23.84		23.32		2.2	%
Dallas-Ft. Worth	172,947		176,536		(2.0)		%			42,253			40,314			4.8	%			5,237		5,788		(9.5)	%	125,457		130,434		(3.8)	%
Houston	~~117~~167,654		~~9.2~~165,526		161.743		%	~~15.43~~		~~8.5~~45,486		%	~~91.8~~44,212		%	~~93.~~2.9	%	~~(1.4)~~	%	~~15.37~~5,358		~~14.38~~5,607		6(4.94)	%	116,810		115,707		1.0	%
Chicago	~~131~~165,443		~~8.3~~162,916		201.216		%	~~19.22~~		~~5.2~~62,466		%	~~93.0~~61,273		%	931.69	%	~~(0.6)~~	%	~~18.80~~5,355		~~18.00~~5,607		(4.45)	%	97,622		96,036		1.7	%
Atlanta	~~107~~114,192		~~7.1~~121,446		17(6.930)		%	~~17.17~~		~~4.4~~27,458		%	~~90.8~~24,661		%	9311.73	%	~~(2.9)~~	%	~~16.29~~4,485		~~16.10~~4,719		1(5.20)	%	82,249		92,066		(10.7)	%
Orlando-Daytona	69		4.4		19.65			17.96		9.4		%	93.3		%	95.9	%	(2.6)	%	18.34		17.22		6.5	%
West Palm Beach	80,834		83,245		(2.9)		%			17,989			18,150			(0.9)	%			2,056		2,208		(6.9)	%	60,789		62,887		(3.3)	%
West Palm Beach	41		3.1		26.59			25.11		5.9		%	93.4		%	95.7	%	(2.3)	%	24.84		24.03		3.4	%
Orlando-Daytona	81,508		86,032		(5.3)		%			17,472			16,903			3.4	%			3,062		3,312		(7.5)	%	60,974		65,817		(7.4)	%
Philadelphia	5777,485		~~3.6~~78,781		21(1.426)		%	~~20.82~~		~~2.9~~17,709		%	~~92.9~~17,737		%	94(0.32)	%	~~(1.4)~~	%	~~19.91~~2,576		~~19.64~~2,722		1(5.4)	%	57,200		58,322		(1.9)	%
Baltimore	3866,842		~~2.8~~67,004		23(0.752)		%	~~22.84~~		~~4.0~~13,495		%	~~91.1~~12,754		%	925.48	%	~~(1.3)~~	%	~~21.63~~1,646		~~21.10~~1,729		2(4.58)	%	51,701		52,521		(1.6)	%
Charlotte	55		4.2		16.18			15.04		7.6		%	92.9		%	94.9	%	(2.0)	%	15.04		14.27		5.4	%
San Diego	59,325		58,553		1.3		%			9,433			8,985			5.0	%			1,189		1,360		(12.6)	%	48,703		48,208		1.0	%
All other markets	1035		67.0		18.55			17.59		5.5		%	93.0		%	94.6	%	(1.6)	%	17.25		16.64		3.7	%
Charlotte	67,639		69,501		(2.7)		%			13,618			12,874			5.8	%			2,210		2,308		(4.2)	%	51,811		54,319		(4.6)	%
Totals	2,507		170.0		$	22.64		$	21.28	6.4		%	93.0		%	94.6	%	(1.6)	%	$	21.05	$	20.12	4.6	%
Denver	76,279		76,605		(0.4)		%			24,163			23,994			0.7	%			2,452		2,521		(2.7)	%	49,664		50,090		(0.9)	%
Tampa	67,163		71,189		(5.7)		%			16,763			16,251			3.2	%			2,232		2,488		(10.3)	%	48,168		52,450		(8.2)	%
Phoenix	59,634		62,473		(4.5)		%			11,977			12,226			(2.0)	%			1,999		2,055		(2.7)	%	45,658		48,192		(5.3)	%
Detroit	54,286		53,871		0.8		%			10,397			10,985			(5.4)	%			1,738		1,702		2.1	%	42,151		41,184		2.3	%
Boston	51,264		50,955		0.6		%			11,405			10,856			5.1	%			1,264		1,412		(10.5)	%	38,595		38,687		(0.2)	%
Honolulu	41,949		40,577		3.4		%			5,674			5,503			3.1	%			520		654		(20.5)	%	35,755		34,420		3.9	%
Portland	47,881		48,502		(1.3)		%			9,655			9,343			3.3	%			1,781		1,917		(7.1)	%	36,445		37,242		(2.1)	%
Minneapolis/St. Paul	54,397		54,260		0.3		%			17,255			18,231			(5.4)	%			1,935		2,020		(4.2)	%	35,207		34,009		3.5	%
Sacramento	41,240		42,070		(2.0)		%			6,612			6,670			(0.9)	%			1,424		1,538		(7.4)	%	33,204		33,862		(1.9)	%
All other markets	669,597		678,472		(1.3)		%			157,035			148,828			5.5	%			27,143		29,927		(9.3)	%	485,419		499,717		(2.9)	%
Totals	$	3,763,553	$	3,786,251	(0.6)		%			$	810,293		$	783,635		3.4	%			$	109,041	$	116,555	(6.4)	%	$	2,844,219	$	2,886,061	(1.4)	%

(a) Represents the absolute nominal change with respect to square foot occupancy, and the percentage change with respect to all other items.

Same Store Facilities Operating Trends by Market (Continued)

	Year Ended December 31,
	Revenues ($000's)						Direct Expenses ($000's)						Indirect Expenses ($000's)						Net Operating Income ($000's)
	2023		2022		Change		2023		2022		Change		2023		2022		Change		2023		2022		Change
Los Angeles	$	555,989	$	508,366	9.4	%	$	73,638	$	66,368	11.0	%	$	11,160	$	12,074	(7.6)	%	$	471,191	$	429,924	9.6	%
San Francisco	249,790		242,866		2.9	%	38,835		35,915		8.1	%	5,958		6,696		(11.0)	%	204,997		200,255		2.4	%
New York	206,118		197,367		4.4	%	49,282		46,360		6.3	%	4,711		5,483		(14.1)	%	152,125		145,524		4.5	%
Washington DC	184,028		178,001		3.4	%	37,260		35,862		3.9	%	5,065		5,208		(2.7)	%	141,703		136,931		3.5	%
Miami	182,939		173,819		5.2	%	34,936		30,999		12.7	%	4,087		4,277		(4.4)	%	143,916		138,543		3.9	%
Dallas-Ft. Worth	169,311		159,238		6.3	%	38,154		37,637		1.4	%	5,514		5,854		(5.8)	%	125,643		115,747		8.5	%
Seattle-Tacoma	154,556		151,220		2.2	%	28,193		25,664		9.9	%	3,983		4,251		(6.3)	%	122,380		121,305		0.9	%
Houston	148,111		138,342		7.1	%	38,830		38,878		(0.1)	%	5,062		5,514		(8.2)	%	104,219		93,950		10.9	%
Chicago	161,420		154,143		4.7	%	61,071		57,928		5.4	%	5,558		6,007		(7.5)	%	94,791		90,208		5.1	%
Atlanta	121,446		119,524		1.6	%	24,661		23,903		3.2	%	4,719		5,071		(6.9)	%	92,066		90,550		1.7	%
Orlando-Daytona	83,774		78,622		6.6	%	16,429		14,884		10.4	%	3,172		3,487		(9.0)	%	64,173		60,251		6.5	%
West Palm Beach	78,831		76,208		3.4	%	17,020		15,125		12.5	%	2,121		2,163		(1.9)	%	59,690		58,920		1.3	%
Philadelphia	75,654		74,493		1.6	%	16,701		16,355		2.1	%	2,549		2,783		(8.4)	%	56,404		55,355		1.9	%
Baltimore	64,141		62,266		3.0	%	12,282		10,523		16.7	%	1,678		1,834		(8.5)	%	50,181		49,909		0.5	%
Charlotte	65,385		61,850		5.7	%	12,193		10,595		15.1	%	2,198		2,555		(14.0)	%	50,994		48,700		4.7	%
All other markets	1,201,838		1,156,824		3.9	%	261,524		245,345		6.6	%	46,171		50,699		(8.9)	%	894,143		860,780		3.9	%
Totals	$	3,703,331	$	3,533,149	4.8	%	$	761,009	$	712,341	6.8	%	$	113,706	$	123,956	(8.3)	%	$	2,828,616	$	2,696,852	4.9	%

Acquired Facilities

The Acquired Facilities represent ~~260~~273 facilities that we acquired in ~~2022~~2025, ~~2023~~2024, and ~~2024~~2023. As a result of the stabilization process and timing of when these facilities were acquired, year-over-year changes can be significant. The following table summarizes operating data with respect to the Acquired Facilities:

ACQUIRED FACILITIES	~~Year Ended December 31,~~		Year Ended December 31,			~~Year Ended December 31,~~						Year Ended December 31,
			2024			2023			Change (a)			2023			2022			Change (a)
		2025			2024			Change (a)			2024			2023			Change (a)
			($ amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
			(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
Revenues (b):
2022 Acquisitions			$	55,390		$	50,105		$	5,285		$	50,105		$	14,945		$	35,160
2023 Acquisitions			$	192,666		$	184,097		$	8,569		$	184,097		$	55,487		$	128,610
2023 Acquisitions			184,097			55,487			128,610			55,487			—			55,487
2024 Acquisitions			20,581			1,827			18,754			1,827			—			1,827
2024 Acquisitions			1,827			—			1,827			—			—			—
2025 Acquisitions			33,422			—			33,422			—			—			—
Total revenues			~~241~~246,~~314~~669			~~105~~185,~~592~~924			~~135~~60,~~722~~745			~~105~~185,~~592~~924			1455,~~945~~487			90130,~~647~~437
Cost of operations (b):
2022 Acquisitions			20,515			19,911			604			19,911			7,885			12,026
2023 Acquisitions			58,588			60,049			(1,461)			60,049			19,922			40,127
2023 Acquisitions			60,049			19,922			40,127			19,922			—			19,922
2024 Acquisitions			7,689			1,019			6,670			1,019			—			1,019
2024 Acquisitions			1,019			—			1,019			—			—			—
2025 Acquisitions			12,890			—			12,890			—			—			—
Total cost of operations			8179,~~583~~167			3961,~~833~~068			4118,~~750~~099			3961,~~833~~068			719,~~885~~922			3141,~~948~~146
Net operating income:
2022 Acquisitions			34,875			30,194			4,681			30,194			7,060			23,134
2023 Acquisitions			134,078			124,048			10,030			124,048			35,565			88,483
2023 Acquisitions			124,048			35,565			88,483			35,565			—			35,565
2024 Acquisitions			12,892			808			12,084			808			—			808
2024 Acquisitions			808			—			808			—			—			—
2025 Acquisitions			20,532			—			20,532			—			—			—
Net operating income			~~159~~167,~~731~~502			65124,~~759~~856			9342,~~972~~646			65124,~~759~~856			735,~~060~~565			5889,~~699~~291
Depreciation and amortization expense			(~~237~~220,~~892~~053)			(~~112~~206,~~247~~319)			(~~125~~13,~~645~~734)			(~~112~~206,~~247~~319)			(1872,~~494~~848)			(93133,~~753~~471)
Net loss			$	(7852,~~161~~551)		$	(4681,~~488~~463)		$	~~(31~~28,~~673)~~912		$	(4681,~~488~~463)		$	(1137,~~434~~283)		$	(3544,~~054~~180)
At December 31:
As of December 31:
Square foot occupancy:
2022 Acquisitions			85.7%			82.2%			3.5%			82.2%			79.4%			2.8%
2023 Acquisitions			86.9%			86.8%			0.1%			86.8%			83.1%			3.7%
2023 Acquisitions			86.8%			83.1%			3.7%			83.1%			—%			—%
2024 Acquisitions			86.9%			79.0%			7.9%			79.0%			—%			—%
2024 Acquisitions			79.0%			—%			—%			—%			—%			—%
2025 Acquisitions			80.5%			—%			—%			—%			—%			—%
			85.8%			82.9%			2.9%			82.9%			79.4%			3.5%
			85.0%			85.9%			(0.9)%			85.9%			83.1%			2.8%
Annual contract rent per occupied square foot:
Annual contract rent per occupied square foot (c):
2022 Acquisitions			$	13.46		$	13.06		3.1%			$	13.06		$	11.48		13.8%
2023 Acquisitions			$	17.43		$	17.32		0.6%			$	17.32		$	16.78		3.2%
2023 Acquisitions			17.32			16.78			3.2%			16.78			—			—%
2024 Acquisitions			14.24			13.69			4.0%			13.69			—			—%
2024 Acquisitions			13.69			—			—%			—			—			—%
2025 Acquisitions			13.63			—			—%			—			—			—%
			$	16.0206		$	1516.7592		1(5.71)%			$	1516.7592		$	1116.4878		370.28%
Number of facilities:
2022 Acquisitions			74			74			—			74			74			—
2023 Acquisitions			164			164			—			164			164			—
2023 Acquisitions			164			164			—			164			—			164
2024 Acquisitions			22			22			—			22			—			22
2024 Acquisitions			22			—			22			—			—			—
2025 Acquisitions			87			—			87			—			—			—
			260			238			22			238			74			164
			273			186			87			186			164			22
Net rentable square feet (in thousands):
2022 Acquisitions			4,740			4,740			—			4,740			4,726			14
2023 Acquisitions (d)			12,112			12,067			45			12,067			12,067			—
2023 Acquisitions			12,067			12,067			—			12,067			—			12,067
2024 Acquisitions			1,666			1,666			—			1,666			—			1,666
2024 Acquisitions			1,666			—			1,666			—			—			—
2025 Acquisitions			6,115			—			6,115			—			—			—
			18,473			16,807			1,666			16,807			4,726			12,081
			19,893			13,733			6,160			13,733			12,067			1,666

4039

ACQUIRED FACILITIES (Continued)

	As of December 31, 2024
	As of December 31 2025
Costs to acquire (in thousands):
2022 Acquisitions	$	730,957
2023 Acquisitions (d)(e)	$	2,674,840
2023 Acquisitions (c)	2,674,840
2024 Acquisitions	267,473
	$	3,673,270
2025 Acquisitions	945,586
	$	3,887,899

(a)Represents the percentage change with respect to annual contract rent per occupied square foot, and the absolute nominal change with respect to all other items.

(b)Revenues and cost of operations do not include tenant reinsurance and merchandise sale revenues and expenses generated at the facilities. See “Ancillary Operations” below for more information.

(c)~~The~~Annual ~~amount~~contract ~~includes~~rent represents the ~~costs~~agreed ~~allocated~~upon monthly rate that is paid by our tenants in place at the time of measurement. Contract rates are initially set in the lease agreement upon move-in, and we adjust them from time to ~~land~~time with notice. Contract rent excludes other fees that are charged on a per-item basis, ~~buildings~~such as late charges and ~~intangible~~administrative ~~assets~~fees, ~~associated~~does ~~with~~not reflect the ~~127~~impact ~~self-storage~~of ~~facilities~~promotional ~~from~~discounts, and does not reflect the ~~Simply~~impact ~~Acquisition~~of rents that are written off as uncollectible.

(d)We have ~~been~~completed ~~active in acquiring facilities in recent years. Since~~ the ~~beginning~~expansion ofproject ~~2022,~~on ~~we acquired~~ a ~~total~~facility ofacquired ~~260~~in ~~facilities~~2023 ~~with~~for 18$6.59 million, adding 45,000 net rentable square feet ~~for~~of ~~$3.7 billion.~~storage ~~During~~space ~~2024,~~as ~~these facilities contributed net operating income~~ of ~~$159.7~~December 31, ~~million~~2025.

~~During~~(e)The ~~2023,~~amount weincludes ~~acquired~~the ~~BREIT~~costs ~~Simply~~allocated ~~Storage~~to ~~LLC (“Simply”)~~land, abuildings ~~self-storage~~and ~~company~~intangible ~~that~~assets ~~owned~~associated ~~and~~with ~~operated~~the 127 self-storage facilities ~~(9.4~~from ~~million square feet) and managed 25 self-storage facilities (1.8 million square feet) for third parties, for a purchase price of $2.2 billion in cash. Included in~~ the ~~acquisition results in the table above are the~~ Simply ~~portfolio self-storage revenues of $151.8 million, NOI of $103.9 million~~ (~~including~~as ~~Direct~~defined ~~NOI of $109.2 million~~below), ~~and average square footage occupancy of 87~~acquisition.~~7% for 2024.~~

We ~~remain~~have been active in ~~seeking~~acquiring tofacilities ~~acquire~~in ~~additional~~recent ~~self-storage facilities~~years. ~~Future~~Since ~~acquisition~~the ~~volume~~beginning isof ~~likely~~2023, towe beacquired ~~impacted~~a bytotal ~~cost~~ of ~~capital~~273 ~~and~~facilities ~~overall~~with ~~macro-economic uncertainties~~19.9 ~~Subsequent~~million tonet ~~December 31,~~rentable ~~2024,~~square wefeet ~~acquired~~for or$3.9 billion. ~~were~~During ~~under~~2025, ~~contract~~these ~~to acquire nine self-storage~~ facilities ~~across~~contributed ~~six states with 0.7 million~~ net ~~rentable~~operating ~~square~~income ~~feet~~of ~~for~~ $~~140~~167.75 million.

41During 2023, we acquired BREIT Simply Storage LLC (“Simply”), a self-storage company that owned and operated 127 self-storage facilities (9.4 million square feet) and managed 25 self-storage facilities (1.8 million square feet) for third parties, for a purchase price of $2.2 billion in cash.

We remain active in seeking to acquire additional self-storage facilities. Future acquisition volume may be impacted by cost of capital and overall macro-economic uncertainties. During 2025, we acquired 87 self-storage facilities across 21 states with 6.1 million net rentable square feet for $945.6 million. Subsequent to December 31, 2025, we acquired or were under contract to acquire three self-storage facilities across three states with 0.2 million net rentable square feet for $20.7 million. Our total acquisitions planned or completed through December 31, 2025, amount to $966.3 million.

Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities

The Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities include 4647 facilities that were developed on new sites since January 1, ~~2019~~2020, and 8664 facilities expanded to increase their net rentable square footage. Of these expansions, 6445 were completed before ~~2023~~2024, 1714 were completed in ~~2023~~2024 or ~~2024~~2025, and five are currently in process at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. The following table summarizes operating data with respect to the Newly Developed and Expanded Facilities:

NEWLY DEVELOPED AND EXPANDED FACILITIES
	~~Year Ended December 31,~~	Year Ended December 31,		~~Year Ended December 31,~~				Year Ended December 31,
		2024		2023		Change (a)		2023		2022		Change (a)
		2025		2024		Change (a)		2024		2023		Change (a)
		($ amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
		(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
Revenues (b):
Developed in 2019		$	18,058	$	18,081	$	(23)	$	18,081	$	16,444	$	1,637
Developed in 2020		$	7,078	$	7,371	$	(293)	$	7,371	$	7,621	$	(250)
Developed in 2020		7,371		7,621		(250)		7,621		6,838		783
Developed in 2021		12,517		11,864		653		11,864		11,134		730
Developed in 2021		11,864		11,134		730		11,134		8,333		2,801
Developed in 2022		11,609		10,054		1,555		10,054		6,893		3,161
Developed in 2022		10,054		6,893		3,161		6,893		687		6,206
Developed in 2023		11,162		6,168		4,994		6,168		1,032		5,136
Developed in 2023		6,168		1,032		5,136		1,032		—		1,032
Developed in 2024		4,852		874		3,978		874		—		874
Developed in 2024		874		—		874		—		—		—
Developed in 2025		1,183		—		1,183		—		—		—
Expansions completed before 2023		139,887		135,290		4,597		135,290		119,805		15,485
Expansions completed before 2024		103,408		96,650		6,758		96,650		86,995		9,655
Expansions completed in 2023 or 2024		22,666		16,824		5,842		16,824		17,427		(603)
Expansions completed in 2024 or 2025		20,615		16,250		4,365		16,250		18,874		(2,624)
Expansions in process		810,~~903~~598		11,~~360~~384		(~~2,457~~786)		11,~~360~~384		1311,~~152~~440		(~~1,792~~56)
Total revenues		~~225~~183,~~845~~022		~~208~~160,~~235~~615		1722,~~610~~407		~~208~~160,~~235~~615		~~182~~143,~~686~~989		2516,~~549~~626
Cost of operations (b):
Developed in 2019		6,281		5,608		673		5,608		5,622		(14)
Developed in 2020		2,056		2,037		19		2,037		1,884		153
Developed in 2020		2,037		1,884		153		1,884		1,702		182
Developed in 2021		4,026		3,743		283		3,743		3,849		(106)
Developed in 2021		3,743		3,849		(106)		3,849		3,539		310
Developed in 2022		3,959		4,055		(96)		4,055		3,563		492
Developed in 2022		4,055		3,563		492		3,563		738		2,825
Developed in 2023		5,450		4,976		474		4,976		1,638		3,338
Developed in 2023		4,976		1,638		3,338		1,638		—		1,638
Developed in 2024		2,705		879		1,826		879		—		879
Developed in 2024		879		—		879		—		—		—
Developed in 2025		1,012		—		1,012		—		—		—
Expansions completed before 2023		41,555		39,905		1,650		39,905		35,571		4,334
Expansions completed before 2024		27,670		29,006		(1,336)		29,006		25,200		3,806
Expansions completed in 2023 or 2024		9,252		5,475		3,777		5,475		4,751		724
Expansions completed in 2024 or 2025		9,356		5,614		3,742		5,614		5,106		508
Expansions in process		12,~~636~~149		12,~~901~~500		(~~265~~351)		12,~~901~~500		2,~~488~~132		~~(587)~~368
Total cost of operations		7458,~~414~~383		6352,~~823~~810		105,~~591~~573		6352,~~823~~810		5443,~~411~~372		9,~~412~~438
Net operating income (loss):
Developed in 2019		11,777		12,473		(696)		12,473		10,822		1,651
Developed in 2020		5,022		5,334		(312)		5,334		5,737		(403)
Developed in 2020		5,334		5,737		(403)		5,737		5,136		601
Developed in 2021		8,491		8,121		370		8,121		7,285		836
Developed in 2021		8,121		7,285		836		7,285		4,794		2,491
Developed in 2022		7,650		5,999		1,651		5,999		3,330		2,669
Developed in 2022		5,999		3,330		2,669		3,330		(51)		3,381
Developed in 2023		5,712		1,192		4,520		1,192		(606)		1,798
Developed in 2023		1,192		(606)		1,798		(606)		—		(606)
Developed in 2024		2,147		(5)		2,152		(5)		—		(5)
Developed in 2024		(5)		—		(5)		—		—		—
Developed in 2025		171		—		171		—		—		—
Expansions completed before 2023		98,332		95,385		2,947		95,385		84,234		11,151
Expansions completed before 2024		75,738		67,644		8,094		67,644		61,795		5,849
Expansions completed in 2023 or 2024		13,414		11,349		2,065		11,349		12,676		(1,327)
Expansions completed in 2024 or 2025		11,259		10,636		623		10,636		13,768		(3,132)
Expansions in process		78,~~267~~449		98,~~459~~884		(~~2,192~~435)		98,~~459~~884		109,~~664~~308		(~~1,205~~424)
Net operating income		~~151~~124,~~431~~639		~~144~~107,~~412~~805		716,~~019~~834		~~144~~107,~~412~~805		~~128~~100,~~275~~617		167,~~137~~188
Depreciation and amortization expense		(69,~~430~~482)		(5653,~~163~~719)		(1315,~~267~~763)		(5653,~~163~~719)		(4940,~~102~~458)		(713,~~061~~261)
Net income		$	8255,~~001~~157	$	8854,~~249~~086	$	(61,~~248)~~071	$	8854,~~249~~086	$	7960,~~173~~159	$	9(6,~~076~~073)


NEWLY DEVELOPED AND EXPANDED FACILITIES (Continued)
	As of December 31,					As of December 31,
		2025		2024		Change (a)	2024		2023	Change (a)

		(Dollar amounts in thousands, except for per square foot amounts)
Square foot occupancy:
Developed in 2020		89.5%		89.3%		0.2%	89.3%		89.4%	(0.1)%
Developed in 2021		83.6%		77.7%		5.9%	77.7%		81.5%	(3.8)%
Developed in 2022		92.1%		86.3%		5.8%	86.3%		77.7%	8.6%
Developed in 2023		79.3%		75.9%		3.4%	75.9%		27.9%	48.0%
Developed in 2024		74.9%		41.0%		33.9%	41.0%		—%	—%
Developed in 2025		21.5%		—%		—%	—%		—%	—%
Expansions completed before 2024		84.6%		81.8%		2.8%	81.8%		79.2%	2.6%
Expansions completed in 2024 or 2025		61.9%		61.6%		0.3%	61.6%		83.8%	(22.2)%
Expansions in process		89.2%		86.7%		2.5%	86.7%		92.4%	(5.7)%
		76.0%		76.9%		(0.9)%	76.9%		74.8%	2.1%
Annual contract rent per occupied square foot (c):
Developed in 2020		$	21.20	$	21.77	(2.6)%	$	21.77	$

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