UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File Number: 001-36563

ORION S.A.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

00-0000000

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1700 City Plaza Drive, Suite 300

Spring

Texas

77389

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

(281) 318-2959

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, no par value	OEC	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, "smaller reporting company" and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x

The registrant had 56,149,706 shares of common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2025.

Table of Contents

Orion S.A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - Financial Information						1
Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (Unaudited)						1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations						1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income						2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets						3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows						4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity						5
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						6
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations						1719
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk						2529
Item 4. Controls and Procedures						2529
PART II - Other Information						2630
Item 1. Legal Proceedings						2630
Item 1A. Risk Factors						2630
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds						2630
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities						2630
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures						2630
Item 5. Other						2630
Item 6. Exhibits						2730
Signatures						2831

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Orion S.A.

PART I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (Unaudited)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions, except share and per share data)
Net sales	$	~~466~~450.49	$	~~477~~463.04	$	~~944.~~1,395.0	$	~~979~~1,443.93
Cost of sales	~~368~~365.03		~~367~~355.29		~~747~~1,112.69		~~747~~1,103.98
Gross profit	9885.46		~~109~~107.85		~~196~~282.51		~~232~~339.05
Selling, general and administrative expenses	57.75		6057.39		~~116~~173.16		~~121~~179.87
Research and development costs	6.59		67.50		1320.10		1320.1
Other expenses, net	2.1		1.4		4.0		2.7
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	(7.3)		60.7		(6.5)		60.7
Income from operations	32.1		41.6		63.3		94.4
Goodwill impairment	80.8		—		80.8		—
Interest and other financial expense, net	19.1		12.2		32.8		24.9
Other (income) expenses, net	1.4		(2.8)		4.6		(0.1)
Income before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes	13.0		29.4		30.5		69.5
Income (loss) from operations	(53.7)		(15.3)		9.6		79.1
Income tax expense	4.6		9.1		13.5		22.6
Interest and other financial expense, net	14.4		15.9		47.2		40.8
Earnings in affiliated companies, net of tax	0.6		0.2		1.1		0.3
Income (loss) before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes	(68.1)		(31.2)		(37.6)		38.3
Net income	$	9.0	$	20.5	$	18.1	$	47.2
Income tax expense (benefit)	(0.5)		(10.8)		13.0		11.8
Earnings in affiliated companies, net of tax	0.5		0.2		1.6		0.5
Net income (loss)	$	(67.1)	$	(20.2)	$	(49.0)	$	27.0
Weighted-average shares outstanding (in thousands):
Basic	56,~~153~~046		58,~~388~~191		56,~~603~~415		58,~~514~~406
Diluted	56,~~320~~249		5958,~~185~~738		56,~~829~~663		5958,~~229~~942
Earnings per share:
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0(1.1620)	$	(0.35)	$	(0.3287)	$	0.8146
Diluted	$	0(1.1620)	$	(0.35)	$	(0.3287)	$	0.8046

See accompanying Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Orion S.A.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions)
Net income	$	9.0	$	20.5	$	18.1	$	47.2
Net income (loss)	$	(67.1)	$	(20.2)	$	(49.0)	$	27.0
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(21.61)		(83.3)		—(1.1)		(1411.74)
Net losses on derivatives	(2.0)		(1.2)		(3.5)		(1.7)
Net gains (losses) on derivatives	0.8		(3.2)		(2.7)		(4.9)
Defined benefit plans, net	~~(0.1)~~—		~~0.1~~—		(0.2)		0.2
Other comprehensive loss	(4.7)		(9.4)		(3.7)		(16.2)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(0.3)		0.1		(4.0)		(16.1)
Comprehensive income	$	4.3	$	11.1	$	14.4	$	31.0
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(67.4)	$	(20.1)	$	(53.0)	$	10.9

See accompanying Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Orion S.A.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(In millions, except share data)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4251.63	$	44.2
Accounts receivable, net	~~270~~265.01		211.9
Inventories, net	~~285~~278.79		290.4
Income tax receivables	1415.57		12.6
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6972.75		54.2
Total current assets	~~682~~683.5		613.3
Property, plant and equipment, net	1,~~030~~045.7		965.0
Right-of-use assets	~~120~~126.58		117.9
Goodwill	~~80.7~~—		71.5
Intangible assets, net	1715.28		18.5
Investment in equity method affiliates	11.39		8.0
Deferred income tax assets	6658.41		21.6
Other assets	1522.61		41.5
Total non-current assets	1,~~342~~280.4		1,244.0
Total assets	$	21,~~024~~963.9	$	1,857.3
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	~~173~~181.4	$	156.2
Current portion of long-term debt and other financial liabilities	~~342~~329.06		258.8
Accrued liabilities	3137.09		39.5
Income taxes payable	1621.91		4.8
Other current liabilities	5765.53		57.4
Total current liabilities	~~620~~635.83		516.7
Long-term debt, net	680.26		647.0
Employee benefit plan obligation	6667.50		58.5
Deferred income tax liabilities	6042.8		36.5
Other liabilities	~~130~~136.14		123.7
Total non-current liabilities	~~937~~926.68		865.7
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Common stock
Authorized: 65,992,259 and 65,992,259 shares with no par value
Issued – 60,992,259 and 60,992,259 shares with no par value
Outstanding – 56,046,226 and 57,242,372 shares	85.3		85.3
Outstanding – 56,149,706 and 57,242,372 shares	85.3		85.3
Treasury stock, at cost, 4,946,033 and 3,749,887	(90.3)		(82.2)
Treasury stock, at cost, 4,842,553 and 3,749,887	(90.3)		(82.2)
Additional paid-in capital	7377.54		84.7
Retained earnings	~~471~~403.63		457.0
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(73.69)		(69.9)
Total stockholders' equity	~~466~~401.58		474.9
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	21,~~024~~963.9	$	1,857.3

See accompanying Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Orion S.A.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Goodwill7

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
	(In millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	18(49.10)	$	4727.20
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets and right of use assets	6397.52		5990.20
Amortization of debt issuance costs	0.8		0.8
Goodwill impairment	80.8		—
Share-based compensation	6.3		6.5
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1.2		1.1
Deferred taxes	(17.5)		(6.0)
Share-based compensation	10.0		11.3
Foreign currency transactions	(8.3)		0.3
Deferred taxes	(27.1)		(12.0)
Foreign currency transactions	(9.8)		(7.4)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net:
Trade receivables	(3932.79)		(3926.32)
Inventories	2634.93		(517.46)
Trade payables	(13.1)9		5(8.12)
Other provisions	(103.65)		(02.7)6
Income tax liabilities	68.38		(329.05)
Other assets and liabilities, net	9.40		(3.0.3)
Net cash provided by operating activities	54122.19		6130.78
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment	(71112.43)		(87135.87)
Net cash used in investing activities	(71112.43)		(87135.87)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of long-term debt	(45.42)		(2.18)
Payments for debt issue costs	—(3.5)		(0.2)
Cash inflows related to current financial liabilities	97122.86		~~115~~242.91
Cash outflows related to current financial liabilities	(5291.21)		(8098.93)
Dividends paid	(23.45)		(23.46)
Repurchase of Common stock	(24.8)		(617.89)
Net cash provided by financing activities	14.0		23.5
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(5.5)		119.3
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(3.3)		(2.6)
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	5.1		14.4
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period	44.7		40.2
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	23.70		(10.8)1
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period	4452.18		3554.87
Less restricted cash at the end of the period	1.5		1.65
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	4251.63	$	3453.2

See accompanying Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Orion S.A.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

			Common stock			Treasury shares		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Total
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)			Number	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2025			57,242,372	$	85.3	$	(82.2)	$	84.7	$	457.0	$	(69.9)	$	474.9
Net income			—	—		—		—		9.1		—		9.1
Other comprehensive income, net of tax			—	—		—		—		—		1.0		1.0
Dividends	$0.02	per share	—	—		—		—		(1.2)		—		(1.2)
Repurchases of Common stock			(1,358,316)	—		(19.8)		—		—		—		(19.8)
Stock based compensation			—	—		—		2.7		—		—		2.7
Issuance of stock under equity compensation plans			575,310	—		14.3		(14.9)		—		—		(0.6)
Balance at March 31, 2025			56,459,366	$	85.3	$	(87.7)	$	72.5	$	464.9	$	(68.9)	$	466.1
Net income			—	—		—		—		9.0		—		9.0
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			—	—		—		—		—		(4.7)		(4.7)
Dividends	$0.04	per share	—	—		—		—		(2.3)		—		(2.3)
Repurchases of Common stock			(444,790)	—		(5.0)		—		—		—		(5.0)
Stock based compensation			—	—		—		3.6		—		—		3.6
Issuance of stock under equity compensation plans			31,650	—		2.4		(2.6)		—		—		(0.2)
Balance at June 30, 2025			56,046,226	$	85.3	$	(90.3)	$	73.5	$	471.6	$	(73.6)	$	466.5
Net loss			—	—		—		—		(67.1)		—		(67.1)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			—	—		—		—		—		(0.3)		(0.3)
Dividends	$0.02	per share	—	—		—		—		(1.2)		—		(1.2)
Stock based compensation			—	—		—		3.7		—		—		3.7
Issuance of stock under equity compensation plans			103,480	—		—		0.2		—		—		0.2
Balance at September 30, 2025			56,149,706	$	85.3	$	(90.3)	$	77.4	$	403.3	$	(73.9)	$	401.8

Balance at January 1, 2024			57,898,772	$	85.3	$	(70.1)	$	85.6	$	417.6	$	(39.9)	$	478.5
Net income			—	—		—		—		26.7		—		26.7
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			—	—		—		—		—		(6.8)		(6.8)
Dividends	$0.02	per share	—	—		—		—		(1.2)		—		(1.2)
Repurchases of Common stock			(294,000)	—		(6.8)		—		—		—		(6.8)
Stock based compensation			—	—		—		3.5		—		—		3.5
Issuance of stock under equity compensation plans			703,161	—		13.4		(15.1)		—		—		(1.7)
Balance at March 31, 2024			58,307,933	$	85.3	$	(63.5)	$	74.0	$	443.1	$	(46.7)	$	492.2
Net income			—	—		—		—		20.5		—		20.5
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			—	—		—		—		—		(9.4)		(9.4)
Dividends	$0.04	per share	—	—		—		—		(2.4)		—		(2.4)
Stock based compensation			—	—		—		3.0		—		—		3.0
Issuance of stock under equity compensation plans			48,688	—		0.8		(0.8)		—		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2024			58,356,621	$	85.3	$	(62.7)	$	76.2	$	461.2	$	(56.1)	$	503.9
Net loss			—	—		—		—		(20.2)		—		(20.2)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax			—	—		—		—		—		0.1		0.1
Dividends	$0.02	per share	—	—		—		—		(1.2)		—		(1.2)
Repurchases of Common stock			(636,402)	—		(11.1)		—		—		—		(11.1)
Stock based compensation			—	—		—		4.8		—		—		4.8
Balance at September 30, 2024			57,720,219	$	85.3	$	(73.8)	$	81.0	$	439.8	$	(56.0)	$	476.3

See accompanying Notes to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement (Unaudited)

Table of Contents—Notes
Note A.	Organization, Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	7
Note B.	Accounts Receivable	78
Note C.	Inventories	8
Note D.	~~Debt and Other Obligations~~Goodwill	8
Note E.	~~Financial~~Debt ~~Instruments~~ and ~~Fair~~Other ~~Value Measurement~~Obligations	9
Note F.	~~Employee~~Financial ~~Benefit~~Instruments ~~Plans~~and Fair Value Measurement	1110
Note G.	~~Accumulated~~Employee ~~Other~~Benefit ~~Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~Plans	12
Note H.	~~Earnings~~Accumulated ~~Per~~Other ~~Share~~Comprehensive Income (Loss)	1213
Note I.	~~Income~~Earnings ~~Taxes~~Per Share	1314
Note J.	~~Commitments~~Income ~~and Contingencies~~Taxes	1314
Note K.	~~Financial~~Commitments ~~Information~~and ~~by Segment~~Contingencies	1314
Note L.	~~Subsequent~~Financial ~~Events~~Information by Segment	1615

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

Note A. Organization, Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Orion S.A.’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (the “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”) include Orion S.A. and its subsidiaries (“Orion” or the “Company”). The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the United States (“U.S.”) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) included in our Annual Report inon Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments that are necessary for the fair presentation of our results for the interim periods presented. These statements contain some amounts that are based upon management estimates and judgments. Future actual results could differ from such current estimates. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Accounting Standards Adopted

Income Taxes—In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ~~ASU~~Accounting Standards Update No. ~~2023~~2025-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2025-09”). This guidance requires companies to disclose certain specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet the quantitative threshold of 5% of the expected tax using the applicable statutory income tax rate. There is also a required disclosure to provide the net income taxes paid or received disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes with jurisdictions to be separately disclosed if the jurisdiction is 5% or more of the total net income taxes paid or received.

This ASU 2025-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We adopted this on January 1, 2025.

The adoption of this ASU 2025-09 did not materially impact our Consolidated Financial Statements, however, will require additional disclosures in our Annual Report inon Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

~~Consolidated~~Intangible ~~Statements of Operations~~Assets—In ~~November~~September ~~2024~~2025, the ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (“~~FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ~~(“ASU”)~~No. ~~2024-03, and in January~~ 2025~~, ASU 2025~~-0106, ~~Income Statement~~Intangibles—~~Reporting~~Goodwill ~~Comprehensive~~and ~~Income~~Other—~~Expense~~Internal-Use ~~Disaggregation~~Software ~~Disclosures~~ (Subtopic ~~220~~350-40): ~~and~~Targeted ~~Clarifying~~Improvements to the ~~Effective~~Accounting ~~Date,~~for ~~respectively~~Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2025-06”). This ASU ~~requires~~2025-06 ~~public~~amends ~~entities~~the existing standard that refers to ~~disclose,~~various onstages anof ~~annual~~a ~~and~~software ~~interim~~development ~~basis,~~project ~~disaggregated~~to ~~information~~align ~~about~~better ~~certain~~with ~~income~~current ~~statement~~software ~~expense~~development ~~line~~methods, ~~items~~such as agile programming.

~~This~~Under ~~ASU~~the ~~does~~new ~~not~~standard, ~~change~~entities ~~the~~will ~~expense~~start ~~captions~~capitalizing aneligible ~~entity~~costs ~~presents~~when in(1) ~~the~~management ~~face~~has ofauthorized ~~its~~and ~~Consolidated~~committed ~~Statements~~to offunding ~~Operations.~~the ~~Rather~~software project, and (2) it ~~requires~~is ~~disaggregation~~probable ofthat ~~certain~~the ~~expense~~project ~~captions~~will ~~into~~be ~~specified~~completed ~~categories~~and inthe ~~disclosures~~software ~~within~~will be used to perform the ~~footnotes~~function intended. In evaluating whether it is probable the project will be completed, an entity is required to consider whether there is significant uncertainty associated with the ~~Consolidated~~development ~~Financial~~activities ~~Statements~~of the software.

~~This~~The ~~ASU~~new isguidance will be effective for ~~fiscal~~all ~~years~~entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, ~~2026~~2027. ~~and~~The ~~interim~~guidance ~~periods~~can ~~within~~be ~~annual~~applied ~~reporting~~on ~~periods~~a ~~beginning~~fully ~~after~~prospective ~~December~~basis, 15a modified basis for in-process projects, ~~2027.~~or ~~Early~~a ~~adoption~~full isretrospective ~~permitted~~basis.

We ~~believe,~~are ~~the~~currently ~~adoption~~assessing ofthe ~~this ASU will not materially~~ impact ~~our~~of ~~Consolidated~~adopting ~~Financial~~the ~~Statements,~~new ~~however,~~guidance ~~will require additional disclosures~~ in ~~the~~our ~~footnotes to the~~ Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~Note~~Consolidated BStatements of Operations—In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. ~~Accounts~~2024-03, ~~Receivable~~and in January 2025, ASU 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) (“ASU 2024-03”) and Clarifying the Effective Date (“ASU 2024-01”), respectively. These ASUs require public entities to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items.

~~Accounts~~These ~~receivable,~~ASUs ~~net~~do not change the expense captions an entity presents in the face of ~~allowance~~its ~~for~~Consolidated ~~credit~~Statements ~~losses~~of Operations. Rather, ~~are~~it asrequires ~~follows:~~disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(In millions)
Accounts receivable	$	271.3	$	213.1
Expected credit losses	(1.3)		(1.2)
Accounts receivable, net	$	270.0	$	211.9

These ASUs are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted.

~~Accounts~~We ~~Receivable~~believe ~~Factoring Facilities―For~~ the ~~three~~adoption ~~months~~of ~~ended~~these ~~June 30,~~ASUs ~~2025~~will ~~and~~not ~~2024~~materially ~~the~~impact ~~gross~~our ~~amount~~Consolidated ofFinancial ~~receivables~~Statements, ~~sold~~however, ~~were~~will ~~$125.7 million~~require ~~and~~additional ~~$110.8 million,~~disclosures ~~respectively.~~in ~~For~~ the ~~six~~footnotes ~~months~~to ~~ended June 30, 2025 and 2024~~ the ~~gross~~Consolidated ~~amount~~Financial ~~of receivables sold were $228~~Statements.~~2 million and $218.4 million, respectively.~~

In the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, the loss on receivables sold is reflected in Other expenses, net. For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 the loss on receivables sold was approximately $1.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 the loss on receivables sold was approximately $2.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

Note B. Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, are as follows:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(In millions)
Accounts receivable	$	266.5	$	213.1
Expected credit losses	(1.4)		(1.2)
Accounts receivable, net	$	265.1	$	211.9

Accounts Receivable Factoring Facilities―For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 the gross amount of receivables sold were $103.7 million and $104.7 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 the gross amount of receivables sold were $331.9 million and $323.1 million, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 the loss on receivables sold was approximately $1.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 the loss on receivables sold was approximately $3.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively.

In the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, the loss on receivables sold is reflected in Other (income) expenses, net.

Note C. Inventories

Inventories, net of reserves, are as follows:

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(In millions)
Raw materials, consumables and supplies, net	$	~~103~~117.87	$	103.89
Work in process	—		0.1
Finished goods, net	161.2		186.5
Finished goods, net	181.9		186.5
Inventories, net	$	278.9	$	290.4
Inventories, net	$	285.7	$	290.4

Note D. ~~Debt and Other Obligations~~Goodwill

~~Debt~~The ~~and~~carrying ~~other~~amount ~~obligations~~of goodwill attributable to each reportable segment are as follows:

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Goodwill	Rubber		Specialty		Total
	(In millions)
Current
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	30.5	$	45.6	$	76.1
Current portion of Term-Loan	$	3.0	$	3.0
Foreign currency impact	(1.9)		(2.7)		(4.6)
Deferred debt issuance costs - Term-Loan	(0.9)		(0.8)
Balance as of December 31, 2024	28.6		42.9		71.5
Current portion of China Term-Loan	9.3		5.7
Impairment	(32.3)		(48.5)		(80.8)
Other short-term debt and obligations	330.6		250.9
Foreign currency impact	3.7		5.6		9.3
Current portion of long-term debt and other financial liabilities	342.0		258.8
Balance as of September 30, 2025 1	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-current
Term-Loan	637.3		598.9
Deferred debt issuance costs - Term-Loan	(1.9)		(2.1)
China Term-Loan	44.8		50.2
Long-term debt, net	680.2		647.0
Total	$	1,022.2	$	905.8

1 At September 30, 2025, accumulated goodwill impairment was $80.8 million.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at September 30, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit with goodwill is below its carrying amount.

During the third quarter of 2025, we experienced a significant decrease in the trading price of our common stock. In our Rubber reporting unit, elevated levels of low value tire imports from Asia during 2025 have indirectly impacted our demand in core Western markets and our overall profitability. In our Specialty reporting unit, persistently soft industrial economies coupled with uncertainty related to global trade, tariffs and regulatory matters have impacted our demand and portfolio mix. As a result, we performed quantitative impairment assessment for each of our two reporting units at September 30, 2025.

For our quantitative assessment, we estimated the value of each of our reporting units using both a discounted cash flows (“DCF”) analysis and a multiple of expected future cash flows, such as those used by third-party analysts. The DCF analysis included market participant weighted average cost of capital, revenue, gross margin, capital expenditures, and long-term growth rates based on historical information and our best estimate of future forecasts. The market approach involved significant judgment, including the selection of an appropriate peer

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

group, selection of valuation multiples, and determination of the appropriate weighting in our valuation model. These assumptions included the use of significant unobservable inputs, representative of a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Based on our quantitative assessments, we concluded that the calculated fair value of our Rubber Carbon Black (“RCB”) and Specialty Carbon Black (“SCB”) reporting units were lower than their respective book values. As a result, we recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $80.8 million in the third quarter of 2025 for both reporting units. No tax benefit was recorded because it is a non-tax-deductible expense.

There were no impairments charge for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2024.

See “Note A. Significant Accounting Policies”, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, for additional information relating to our goodwill accounting policy.

Note E. Debt and Other Obligations

Debt and other obligations are as follows:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(In millions)
Current
Current portion of Term-Loan	$	3.0	$	3.0
Deferred debt issuance costs - Term-Loan	(0.9)		(0.8)
Current portion of China Term-Loan	9.3		5.7
Other short-term debt and obligations	318.2		250.9
Current portion of long-term debt and other financial liabilities	329.6		258.8
Non-current
Term-Loan	637.2		598.9
Deferred debt issuance costs - Term-Loan	(1.7)		(2.1)
China Term-Loan	45.1		50.2

Long-term debt, net	680.6		647.0
Total	$	1,010.2	$	905.8

Other Short-Term Debt and Obligations

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(In millions)
Revolving Credit Facility	$	3558.27	$	—
Ancillary Credit Facilities
OEC GmbH outstanding borrowings	~~166~~155.51		147.8
OEC LLC outstanding borrowings	2011.17		14.0
OEC Huaibei outstanding borrowings	1913.70		16.5
Korea Working Capital Loans (capacity $53.5 million)
Korea Working Capital Loans (capacity $51.7 million)
Uncommitted	1.98		1.7
Committed	1817.58		22.7
China Working Capital Loans (capacity $17.0 million)	14.3		11.7
China Working Capital Loans (capacity $17.1 million)	17.1		11.7
Repurchase Agreement	5443.40		36.5
Total of Other Short-term Debt and Obligations	$	~~330~~318.62	$	250.9
Supplemental information:
Total ancillary capacity - EUR	€	234.0	€	234.0
Total ancillary capacity - U.S. Dollars	$	274.27	$	243.1

Revolving credit facility

AsIn ofSeptember ~~June 30~~2025, ~~2025~~Orion entered into the Fourteenth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, ~~total~~which ~~capacity~~amended ~~under~~and restated our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “RCF”). ~~and~~We ~~ancillary~~added ~~facilities is~~ €~~300~~50.0 million ~~($351~~to our RCF capacity, which expands our facility to €350.60 million). AsUnder ofthe ~~June 30~~amended RCF, ~~2025~~Net ~~and December 31~~Leverage, ~~2024,~~as ~~availability~~defined ~~under~~in the ~~RCF~~Credit ~~and~~Agreement, ~~ancillary~~is ~~facilities~~not ispermitted ~~$103.~~to exceed 5.0x ~~million~~on ~~and~~or ~~$127.5~~before ~~million~~December 31, ~~respectively.~~

As of June 30, 2025, borrowings under the RCF were $35.2 million. There were no borrowings under the RCF as of December 31, 2024. We classify amounts outstanding under the RCF as current in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as the borrowings are for short-term working capital needs, typically for one-month periods, and based on management’s intention to repay the amounts outstanding within one year from the date of drawing. 9

~~Repurchase~~Table ~~Agreement—We~~of entered into repurchase agreements to sell European Emission Allowance (“EUA”) certificates. Under the agreement on March 19, 2025, we sold 145 thousand EUA certificates for €10.5 million cash to a counterparty. The same counterparty has an obligation to resell, and we have the obligation to purchase, the same or substantially the same EUA certificates on January 28, 2026 for €10.8 million. Contents

OnOrion ~~June 23, 2025, we sold an additional 500 thousand EUA certificates for €36~~S.0 million cash to another counterparty. This counterparty also has an obligation to resell, and we have the obligation to purchase the same or substantially the same EUA certificates on September 18, 2025 for €36.2 million.A

~~The~~Notes ~~difference between the considerations received and the amount of consideration~~ to ~~be paid will be recognized as an interest expense. At June 30, 2025,~~ the ~~amount~~Condensed ~~outstanding,~~Consolidated ~~including~~Financial ~~accrued interest, was $54.5 million. Due to the short maturity, the carrying value approximates the fair value.~~Statements—(continued)

As2026 ofand ~~June 30,~~4.5x ~~2025,~~thereafter. weOther ~~are~~Credit inAgreement ~~compliance~~provisions ~~with~~relating ~~our~~to ~~debt~~the ~~covenants~~RCF, including the commitment fee, substantially remained unchanged.

~~For~~In ~~additional~~connection ~~information~~with ~~relating~~the tomodification ~~our~~of ~~debt,~~the ~~see “Note J. Debt and Other Obligations”~~RCF, ~~included~~we inincurred ~~our~~approximately ~~Annual Report in Form 10-K for the year ended December~~$4.7 ~~31,~~million ~~2024~~of costs.

~~Note~~As Eof September 30, 2025, total capacity under our RCF and ancillary facilities is €350 million ($410.9 million). ~~Financial~~As ~~Instruments~~of September 30, 2025 and ~~Fair~~December 31, ~~Value~~2024, ~~Measurement~~availability under the RCF and ancillary facilities is $165.8 million and $127.5 million, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025, borrowings under the RCF were $58.7 million. There were no borrowings under the RCF as of December 31, 2024. We classify amounts outstanding under the RCF as current in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as the borrowings are for short-term working capital needs, typically for one-month periods, and based on management’s intention to repay the amounts outstanding within one year from the date of drawing.

Repurchase Agreement—We entered into repurchase agreements to sell European Emission Allowance (“EUA”) certificates as follows:

•On March 19, 2025, we sold 145 thousand EUA certificates for €10.5 million cash to a counterparty. The same counterparty has an obligation to resell, and we have the obligation to purchase, the same or substantially the same EUA certificates on January 28, 2026 for €10.8 million.

•On September 16, 2025, we sold approximately 320 thousand EUA certificates for €24.6 million cash to another counterparty. This counterparty also has an obligation to resell, and we have the obligation to purchase the same or substantially the same EUA certificates on January 28, 2026 for €24.8 million.

•On September 29, 2025, we sold approximately 21 thousand EUA certificates for €1.6 million cash to another counterparty. This counterparty also has an obligation to resell, and we have the obligation to purchase the same or substantially the same EUA certificates on January 28, 2026 for €1.6 million.

The difference between the considerations received and the amount of consideration to be paid will be recognized as an interest expense. At September 30, 2025, the amount outstanding, including accrued interest, was €36.8 million ($43.2 million). Due to the short maturity, the carrying value approximates the fair value.

As of September 30, 2025, we are in compliance with our debt covenants.

For additional information relating to our debt, see “Note J. Debt and Other Obligations”, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Note F. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurement

Risk management

We have policies governing the use of derivative instruments and do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

By using derivative instruments, we are subject to credit and market risk. To minimize counterparty credit (or repayment) risk, we enter into transactions primarily with investment grade financial institutions. The market risk exposure is not hedged in a manner to completely eliminate the effects of changing market conditions on earnings or cash flow.

9No significant concentration of credit risk existed at September 30, 2025 or at December 31, 2024.

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

No significant concentration of credit risk existed as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Fair value measurement

The following table summarizes outstanding financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024				Balance Sheet Classification
	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024				Balance Sheet Classification
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value
	(In millions)
Assets
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Cross currency swaps	$	197.0	$	12.35	$	197.0	$	38.9	Other financial assets (non-current)
Interest rate swaps	234.48		01.53		—		—		Other financial assets (non-current)
Total	$	431.48	$	1213.8	$	197.0	$	38.9

All financial instruments in the table above are classified as Level 2. We present the gross assets and liabilities of our derivative financial instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

New Cash Flows Hedge—To hedge the variable interest rate Euro-denominated term loan, on April 25, 2025, the Company entered into two interest rate swaps aggregating to €200.0 million. The interest rate for two fixed interest rate swaps are 1.925% and 1.928%. The floating rate is based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The interest rate swaps will expire on September 25, 2028 in line with the maturity of the term loan (the “Term-Loan”).

For financial assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization at the end of each reporting period. There were no transfers of assets measured at fair value between Level 1 and Level 2 and there were no Level 3 investments during 2025 or 2024.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented. Short-term and Long-term debt are recorded at amortized cost in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value
	(In millions)
Non-derivatives:
Liabilities:
Term-Loan	$	640.32	$	~~617~~630.5	$	601.9	$	601.9
China Term-Loan	54.14		54.08		55.9		56.8
Total	$	694.46	$	~~671~~685.53	$	657.8	$	658.7

The Term-Loan and China Term-Loan in the table above are classified as Level 2.

At both ~~June~~September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximated their carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

The following tables summarize the pre-tax effect of derivative and non-derivative instruments recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), the gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to earnings and additional gains (losses) recognized directly in earnings:

	Effect of Financial Instruments
	Three Months Ended Jun 30,
	Three Months Ended Sep 30,
	Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income				Income Statement Classification
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions)
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Cross currency swaps	$	(20.6)5	$	0(4.1)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.43)	Interest and other financial expense, net
Interest rate swaps	0.58		~~(2.1)~~—		—		—(0.6)		Interest and other financial expense, net
Total	$	~~(2.~~1).3	$	(24.01)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.49)

	Effect of Financial Instruments
	Six Months Ended June 30,
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI				Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income				Income Statement Classification
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions)
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Cross currency swaps	$	(4.61)	$	0(3.83)	$	(0.14)	$	0.85	Interest and other financial expense, net
Interest rate swaps	01.53		(4.1)				(0.6)		Interest and other financial expense, net
Total	$	(42.18)	$	(37.34)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.81)

Cross currency and interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges of principal and interest payments related to our Term-Loans, which mature in September 2028.

In the next twelve months, approximately $1.2 million recognized in AOCI related to cash flow hedges will be reclassified to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

See “Note K. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurement”, included in our Annual Report inon Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, for additional information relating to our derivatives instruments.

Note FG. Employee Benefit Plans

Provisions for pensions are established to cover benefit plans for retirement, disability and surviving dependents’ pensions. The benefit obligations vary depending on the legal, tax and economic circumstances in various countries in which the Company operates. Generally, the level of benefit depends on the length of service and the remuneration.

Net periodic defined benefit pension costs include the following:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions)
Service cost	$	0.2	$	0.23	$	0.57	$	0.58
Interest cost	0.87		0.87		12.41		1.29
Net periodic pension cost	$	1.0.9	$	1.0	$	12.98	$	12.7

Service costs were recorded in Income from operations in Selling, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs were recorded in Interest and other financial expense, net.

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

Note GH. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in each component of AOCI, net of tax, are as follows:

	Currency Translation Adjustments		Hedging Activities Adjustments		Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Liability Adjustment		Total
	(In millions)
Balance at January 1, 2025	$	(79.4)	$	10.8	$	(1.3)	$	(69.9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	2.3		(2.8)		—		(0.5)
Income tax effects before reclassifications	0.3		0.9		—		1.2
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—		(0.3)		—		(0.3)
Income tax effects on reclassifications	—		0.1		—		0.1
Currency translation AOCI	—		0.6		(0.1)		0.5
Balance at March 31, 2025	(76.8)		9.3		(1.4)		(68.9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(3.0)		(3.6)		—		(6.6)
Income tax effects before reclassifications	0.4		0.5		—		0.9
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—		0.2		—		0.2
Income tax effects on reclassifications	—		(0.1)		—		(0.1)
Currency translation AOCI	—		1.0		(0.1)		0.9
Balance at June 30, 2025	$(79.4)	~~(79.4)~~	$7.3	~~7.3~~	$(1.5)	~~(1.5)~~	$(73.6)	~~(73.6)~~
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(1.1)		0.9		—		(0.2)
Income tax effects before reclassifications	—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—		(0.3)		—		(0.3)
Income tax effects on reclassifications	—		0.1		—		0.1
Currency translation AOCI	—		0.3		—		0.3
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	(80.5)	$	8.1	$	(1.5)	$	(73.9)

Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(55.1)	$	16.1	$	(0.9)	$	(39.9)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(6.3)		(0.4)		0.2		(6.5)
Income tax effects before reclassifications	(0.1)		0.1		(0.1)		(0.1)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—		0.4		—		0.4
Income tax effects on reclassifications	—		(0.1)		—		(0.1)
Currency translation AOCI	—		(0.5)		—		(0.5)
Balance at March 31, 2024	(61.5)		15.6		(0.8)		(46.7)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) before reclassifications	(7.8)		(1.4)		—		(9.2)
Income tax effects before reclassifications	(0.5)		0.5		0.1		0.1
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—		0.4		—		0.4
Income tax effects on reclassifications	—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Currency translation AOCI	—		(0.5)		—		(0.5)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$(69.8)	~~(69.8)~~	$14.4	~~14.4~~	$(0.7)	~~(0.7)~~	$(56.1)	~~(56.1)~~
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	3.2		(5.7)		—		(2.5)
Income tax effects before reclassifications	0.1		1.7		—		1.8
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—		(0.9)		—		(0.9)
Income tax effects on reclassifications	—		0.3		—		0.3
Currency translation AOCI	—		1.4		—		1.4
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(66.5)	$	11.2	$	(0.7)	$	(56.0)

~~Note H. Earnings Per Share~~ 13

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing Net income attributable to Orion by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS equals Net income attributable to Orion divided by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of our stock–based and other equity compensation awards.

The following table reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted EPS computations:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions, except share and per share data)
Net income attributable to ordinary equity holders	$	9.0	$	20.5	$	18.1	$	47.2
Weighted average number of Common stock (in thousands)	56,153		58,388		56,603		58,514
Basic EPS	$	0.16	$	0.35	$	0.32	$	0.81
Dilutive effect of share based payments (in thousands)	167		797		226		715
Weighted average number of diluted Common stock (in thousands)	56,320		59,185		56,829		59,229
Diluted EPS	$	0.16	$	0.35	$	0.32	$	0.80

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

Note I. ~~Income~~Earnings ~~Taxes~~Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing Net income (loss) attributable to Orion by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS equals Net income (loss) attributable to Orion divided by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of our stock–based and other equity compensation awards.

The following table reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted EPS computations:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions, except share and per share data)
Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary equity holders	$	(67.1)	$	(20.2)	$	(49.0)	$	27.0
Weighted average number of Common stock (in thousands)	56,046		58,191		56,415		58,406
Basic Earnings (loss) per share	$	(1.20)	$	(0.35)	$	(0.87)	$	0.46
Dilutive effect of share based payments (in thousands)	203		547		248		536
Weighted average number of diluted Common stock (in thousands)	56,249		58,738		56,663		58,942
Diluted Earnings (loss) per share	$	(1.20)	$	(0.35)	$	(0.87)	$	0.46

Note J. Income Taxes

The Company records its tax provision or benefit on an interim basis using an estimated annual effective tax rate. This rate is applied to the current period ordinary income to determine the income tax provision or benefit allocated to the interim period. Losses from jurisdictions for which no benefit can be recognized and the income tax effects of unusual and infrequent items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate and are recognized in the impacted interim period as discrete items. Valuation allowances are provided against any future tax benefits that arise from losses in jurisdictions for which no benefit can be recognized. The estimated annual effective tax rate may be significantly impacted by nondeductible expenses and by the Company’s projected earnings mix by tax jurisdiction. Adjustments to the estimated annual effective income tax rate are recognized in the period when such estimates are revised.

~~The~~Income ~~income~~ tax ~~expense~~benefit for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 and 2024 ~~were~~was $40.65 million and $910.18 million, respectively.

Income tax expense for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $13.50 million and $2211.68 million, respectively.

Our effective income tax rates were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Effective income tax rates	350.47	%	3134.06	%	44(34.36)	%	3230.58	%

The change in our effective tax rate for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 as compared to the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024 was primarily driven by valuation allowances for tax losses and a non-tax deductible loss in connection with the goodwill impairment.

Note JK. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings—We are subject to various lawsuits and claims including, but not limited to, matters involving contract disputes, environmental damages, personal injury and property damage. We vigorously defend ourselves and prosecute these matters as appropriate. We regularly assess the adequacy of legal accruals based on our professional judgment, experience and the information available regarding our cases.

The outcome of legal proceedings is inherently uncertain, and we offer no assurances as to the outcome of any of these matters or their effect on the Company.

Based on consideration of all relevant facts and circumstances, we do not believe the ultimate outcome of any currently pending lawsuit against us will have a material adverse effect upon our operations, financial condition or the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net—In the third quarter of 2024 we recognized a one-time pre-tax charge of approximately $59.2 million for the unrecovered fraudulently induced wire transfers. In addition, we incurred $1.5 million of professional fees in connection with our investigations. Together, the amount of $60.7 million is reported in Loss due to misappropriation of assets, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recognized $18.2 million of tax benefit related to Loss due to

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

misappropriation of assets, net.

Refer to Note Q. Commitments and Contingencies in our Annual Report in Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for further

discussion.

In the third quarter of 2025, we recovered $7.3 million (€6.3 million). In 2025, we incurred $0.8 million of professional fees. This recovery, net of legal fee, is reported in Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Pledges and Guarantees

The Company has pledged the majority of its assets (amongst others shares in affiliates, bank accounts and receivables) within the different regions in which it operates excluding China as collateral under its debt agreements. As of ~~June~~September 30, 2025, the Company had guarantees totaling $3637.78 million issued by various financial institutions.

Note KL. Financial Information by Segment

Segment information

We disclose the results of each of our operating segments in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting. We manage our business in two operating segments as follows:

•Rubber Carbon Black—Used in the reinforcement of rubber in tires and mechanical rubber goods, and

•Specialty Carbon Black—Used for protection, colorization and conductivity in coatings, polymers, batteries, printing and other special applications.

Corporate includes income and expenses that cannot be directly allocated to the business segments or that are managed at the corporate level. This includes finance income and expenses, taxes and items with less bearing on the underlying core business.

Our operations are managed by senior executives who report to our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). Discrete financial information is available for each of the segments, and the CODM uses operating results of each operating segment for performance evaluation and resource allocation.

Our CODM uses Adjusted EBITDA as the primary measure for reviewing our segment profitability. We define Adjusted EBITDA as Income from operations before depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, and non-recurring items (such as restructuring expenses, legal settlements gains, etc.) plus Earnings in affiliated companies, net of tax.

13The CODM does not review reportable segment asset or liability information for purposes of assessing performance or allocating resources.

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

~~The~~Segment ~~CODM~~operating ~~does~~results ~~not~~for ~~review~~the ~~reportable~~three ~~segment~~months ~~asset~~ended orSeptember 30, ~~liability~~2025 ~~information~~and ~~for~~2024 ~~purposes~~are ofas ~~assessing performance or allocating resources.~~follows:

Segment operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:


	Rubber		Specialty		Corporate		Total
	(In millions)
2025
Net sales from external customers	$	290.9	$	160.0	$	—	$	450.9
Less:
Cost of Sales	237.9		127.4		—		365.3

Selling, general and administrative expenses	34.1		23.2		0.2		57.5
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	—		—		(7.3)		(7.3)
Goodwill impairment	32.3		48.5		—		80.8
Other segment items	4.2		4.1		—		8.3

Add:
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.5		—		—		0.5
LTIP and other non-operating charges	1.8		1.7		0.2		3.7
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	—		—		(7.3)		(7.3)
Goodwill impairment	32.3		48.5		—		80.8
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	19.1		14.6		—		33.7



Adjusted EBITDA	$	36.1	$	21.6	$	—	$	57.7

Capital expenditures	15.5		25.4		—		40.9


2024
Net sales from external customers	$	300.9	$	162.5	$	—	$	463.4
Less:
Cost of Sales	230.0		125.9		—		355.9

Selling, general and administrative expenses	35.9		21.7		0.3		57.9
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	—		—		60.7		60.7
Other segment items	2.2		3.1		(1.1)		4.2

Add:
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.2		—		—		0.2
LTIP and other non-operating charges	1.6		2.9		(0.8)		3.7
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	—		—		60.7		60.7
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	18.3		12.5		—		30.8



Adjusted EBITDA	$	52.9	$	27.2	$	—	$	80.1

Capital expenditures	23.7		24.2		—		47.9

	Rubber		Specialty		Corporate		Total
	(In millions)
2025
Net sales from external customers	$	308.3	$	158.1	$	—	$	466.4
Less:
Cost of Sales	242.5		125.5		—		368.0
Selling, general and administrative expenses	34.2		23.2		0.3		57.7
Other segment items	3.3		4.8		0.5		8.6
Add:
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.6		—		—		0.6
LTIP and other non-operating charges	1.0		2.3		0.8		4.1
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	19.0		13.0		—		32.0
Adjusted EBITDA	$	48.9	$	19.9	$	—	$	68.8
Capital expenditures	16.8		25.4		—		42.2
2024
Net sales from external customers	$	311.5	$	165.5	$	—	$	477.0
Less:
Cost of Sales	241.2		126.0		—		367.2
Selling, general and administrative expenses	39.2		20.9		0.2		60.3
Other segment items	3.8		4.1		—		7.9
Add:
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.2		—		—		0.2
LTIP and other non-operating charges	1.5		1.3		0.2		3.0
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	18.1		12.2		—		30.3
Adjusted EBITDA	$	47.1	$	28.0	$	—	$	75.1
Capital expenditures	26.1		28.6		—		54.7

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Orion S.A

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

Segment operating results for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

	Rubber		Specialty		Corporate		Total
	(In millions)
2025
Net sales from external customers	$	~~625~~916.32	$	~~318~~478.8	$	—	$	~~944.~~1,395.0
Less:
Cost of Sales	~~501~~739.43		~~246~~373.26		—		~~747~~1,112.69
Selling, general and administrative expenses	70104.34		4568.24		0.68		~~116~~173.16
Other segment items	7.9		8.4		0.8		17.1
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	—		—		(6.5)		(6.5)
Goodwill impairment	32.3		48.5		—		80.8
Other segment items	12.1		12.5		—		24.6
Add:
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	1.16		—		—		1.16
LTIP and other non-operating charges	24.86		24.96		10.48		710.10
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	40.1		23.4		—		63.5
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	—		—		(6.5)		(6.5)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	89.7	$	45.3	$	—	$	135.0
Goodwill impairment	32.3		48.5		—		80.8
Assets	$	1,130.3	$	765.5	$	129.1	$	2,024.9
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	59.2		38.0		—		97.2
Capital expenditures	30.9		40.5		—		71.4
Adjusted EBITDA	$	125.8	$	66.9	$	—	$	192.7
Assets	$	1,109.9	$	701.6	$	152.4	$	1,963.9
Capital expenditures	46.4		65.9		—		112.3
2024
Net sales from external customers	$	~~643~~944.54	$	~~336~~498.49	$	—	$	~~979~~1,443.93
Less:
Cost of Sales	~~492~~722.7		~~255~~381.21		—		~~747~~1,103.98
Selling, general and administrative expenses	77113.65		4365.85		0.47		~~121~~179.87
Other segment items	7.5		8.3		—		15.8
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	—		—		60.7		60.7
Other segment items	9.7		11.4		(1.1)		20.0
Add:
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.35		—		—		0.35
LTIP and other non-operating charges	35.73		25.43		(0.4)		610.52
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	34.8		24.4		—		59.2
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	—		—		60.7		60.7
Adjusted EBITDA	$	104.5	$	55.9	$	—	$	160.4
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	53.1		36.9		—		90.0
Assets	$	1,064.9	$	716.0	$	127.9	$	1,908.8
Adjusted EBITDA	$	157.4	$	83.1	$	—	$	240.5
Capital expenditures	44.5		43.3		—		87.8
Assets	$	1,101.5	$	730.5	$	164.3	$	1,996.3
Capital expenditures	68.2		67.5		—		135.7

Other segment items—Other segment items for each reportable segment includes Research and Development costs and Other expense (income), net.

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—(continued)

A reconciliation of Income before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions)
Income before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes	$	13.0	$	29.4	$	30.5	$	69.5
Income (loss) before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes	$	(68.1)	$	(31.2)	$	(37.6)	$	38.3
LTIP and other non-operating charges	43.17		3.07		710.10		610.52
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, right of use assets, and property, plant and equipment	3233.07		30.38		6397.52		5990.20
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.6		0.2		1.1		0.3
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net
Interest and other financial expense, net	19.1		12.2		32.8		24.9
Misappropriation of assets, net	(7.3)		59.2		(7.3)		59.2
Adjusted EBITDA	$	68.8	$	75.1	$	135.0	$	160.4
Professional fees related to misappropriation of assets	—		1.5		0.8		1.5
Goodwill impairment	80.8		—		80.8		—
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.5		0.2		1.6		0.5
Interest and other financial expense, net	14.4		15.9		47.2		40.8
Adjusted EBITDA	$	57.7	$	80.1	$	192.7	$	240.5

LTIP and other non-operating charges include the following:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In millions)
Long term incentive plan	$	3.67	$	34.08	$	610.30	$	611.53
Other non-operating	~~0.5~~—		—(1.1)		~~0.8~~—		—(1.1)
LTIP and other non-operating charges	$	43.17	$	3.07	$	710.10	$	610.52

~~Note L. Subsequent Events~~ 18

Enactment of Tax Legislation—In July 2025, the “One Beautiful Bill” was enacted, introducing changes to U.S. federal tax law, including modifications to bonus depreciation, R&D amortization and interest expense limitations. The Company is evaluating the impact of this legislation, but we do not expect it to have a material effect on the current year’s tax provision.

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Orion S.A.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our results of operations and financial condition during the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 and 2024 and should be read in conjunction with the information included under Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (Unaudited) elsewhere in this report. We prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

Unless otherwise indicated, the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar words are used to refer to Orion S.A. together with its consolidated subsidiaries (“Orion S.A.”).

In July 2025, we announced our plan to idle production of three to five carbon black lines at multiple operating facilities in the Americas and EMEA by the end of 2025. This decision is part of our strategy to focus maintenance investments on higher-performing production lines – making them more reliable and productive.

PRESENTATION OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We present certain financial measures that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP or the accounting standards of any other jurisdiction and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. For a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their nearest comparable GAAP measures, see section Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures below.

These non-GAAP measures include, but are not limited to, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Segment Gross Profit, Net Working Capital and Capital Expenditures.

We define:

•EBITDA—Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.

•Adjusted EBITDA—Income from operations before depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, and non-recurring items (such as, restructuring expenses, legal settlement gain, net loss due to assets misappropriation, etc.) plus Earnings in affiliated companies, net of tax.

•Segment Gross Profit—Segment Net sales minus segment Cost of sales.

•Net Working Capital—Inventories, net plus Accounts receivable, net minus Accounts payable.

•Capital Expenditures—Cash paid for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.

Our operations are managed by senior executives who report to our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). Adjusted EBITDA is used by our CODM to evaluate our operating performance and to make decisions regarding allocation of capital, because it excludes the effects of items that have less bearing on the performance of our underlying core business. We use this measure, together with other measures of performance under GAAP, to compare the relative performance of operations in planning, budgeting and reviewing our business. We believe these measures are useful measures of financial performance in addition to Net income, Income from operations and other profitability measures under GAAP, because they facilitate operating performance comparisons from period to period. By eliminating potential differences in results of operations between periods caused by factors such as depreciation and amortization, historic cost and age of assets, financing and capital structures and taxation positions or regimes, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides a useful additional basis for evaluating and comparing the current performance of the underlying operations. In addition, we believe these non-GAAP measures aid investors by providing additional insight into our operational performance and help clarify trends affecting our business.

However, other companies and analysts may calculate non-GAAP financial measures differently, so making comparisons among companies on this basis should be done carefully. Non-GAAP measures are not performance measures under GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or construed as substitutes for Net sales, Net income, Income from operations, Gross profit and other GAAP measures as an indicator of our operations in accordance with GAAP.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Operating Results

The table below presents our historical results derived from our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Delta			2025		2024		Delta
	(In millions, except volume)						%	(In millions, except volume)						%
Volume (in kmt)	~~240~~237.05		~~233~~225.12		612.93		35.05	~~491~~729.72		~~481~~706.57		1022.25		23.12
Net sales	$	~~466~~450.49	$	~~477~~463.04	$	(1012.65)	(2.27)	$	~~944.~~1,395.0	$	~~979~~1,443.93	$	(3548.83)	(3.73)
Cost of sales	~~368~~365.03		~~367~~355.29		09.84		0.2.6	~~747~~1,112.69		~~747~~1,103.98		(09.3)1		—0.8
Gross profit	9885.46		~~109~~107.85		(1121.49)		(1020.4)	~~196~~282.51		~~232~~339.05		(3557.54)		(1516.39)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	57.75		6057.39		(20.64)		(40.37)	~~116~~173.16		~~121~~179.87		(56.71)		(43.74)
Research and development costs	6.59		67.50		—(0.1)		—(1.4)	1320.10		1320.1		—(0.1)		—(0.5)
Other expenses, net	2.1		1.4		0.7		50.0	4.0		2.7		1.3		48.1
Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net	(7.3)		60.7		(68.0)		(112.0)	(6.5)		60.7		(67.2)		(110.7)
Income from operations	32.1		41.6		(9.5)		(22.8)	63.3		94.4		(31.1)		(32.9)
Goodwill impairment	80.8		—		80.8		—	80.8		—		80.8		—
Interest and other financial expense, net	19.1		12.2		6.9		56.6	32.8		24.9		7.9		31.7
Other (income) expenses, net	1.4		(2.8)		4.2		(150.0)	4.6		(0.1)		4.7		(4,700.0)
Income before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes	13.0		29.4		(16.4)		(55.8)	30.5		69.5		(39.0)		(56.1)
Income (loss) from operations	(53.7)		(15.3)		(38.4)		251.0	9.6		79.1		(69.5)		(87.9)
Income tax expense	4.6		9.1		(4.5)		(49.5)	13.5		22.6		(9.1)		(40.3)
Interest and other financial expense, net	14.4		15.9		(1.5)		(9.4)	47.2		40.8		6.4		15.7
Earnings in affiliated companies, net of tax	0.6		0.2		0.4		200.0	1.1		0.3		0.8		266.7
Income (loss) before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes	(68.1)		(31.2)		(36.9)		118.3	(37.6)		38.3		(75.9)		(198.2)
Net income	9.0		20.5		(11.5)		(56.1)	18.1		47.2		(29.1)		(61.7)
Income tax expense (benefit)	(0.5)		(10.8)		10.3		(95.4)	13.0		11.8		1.2		10.2
Earnings in affiliated companies, net of tax	0.5		0.2		0.3		150.0	1.6		0.5		1.1		220.0
Net income (loss)	(67.1)		(20.2)		(46.9)		232.2	(49.0)		27.0		(76.0)		(281.5)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(21.61)		(83.3)		5(4.74)		(68133.73)	—(1.1)		(1411.74)		1410.73		(~~100~~90.04)
Net losses on derivatives	(2.0)		(1.2)		(0.8)		66.7	(3.5)		(1.7)		(1.8)		105.9
Net gains (losses) on derivatives	0.8		(3.2)		4.0		(125.0)	(2.7)		(4.9)		2.2		(44.9)
Defined benefit plans, net	~~(0.1)~~—		~~0.1~~—		~~(0.2)~~—		~~(200.0)~~—	(0.2)		0.2		(0.4)		(200.0)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(40.73)		(90.4)1		4(0.74)		(50400.0)	(34.70)		(16.21)		12.51		(7775.2)
Comprehensive income	$	4.3	$	11.1	$	(6.8)	(61.3)	$	14.4	$	31.0	$	(16.6)	(53.5)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(67.4)	$	(20.1)	$	(47.3)	235.3	$	(53.0)	$	10.9	$	(63.9)	(586.2)

~~Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures~~ 20

The following table presents reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		Delta			2025		2024		Delta
	(In millions)						%	(In millions)						%
Net income	$	9.0	$	20.5	$	(11.5)	(56.1)	$	18.1	$	47.2	$	(29.1)	(61.7)
Add back Income tax expense	4.6		9.1		(4.5)		(49.5)	13.5		22.6		(9.1)		(40.3)
Add back Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	(0.6)		(0.2)		(0.4)		200.0	(1.1)		(0.3)		(0.8)		266.7
Income before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes	13.0		29.4		(16.4)		(55.8)	30.5		69.5		(39.0)		(56.1)
Add back Interest and other financial expense, net	19.1		12.2		6.9		56.6	32.8		24.9		7.9		31.7
Income from operations	32.1		41.6		(9.5)		(22.8)	63.3		94.4		(31.1)		(32.9)
Add back Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets and right of use assets	32.0		30.3		1.7		5.6	63.5		59.2		4.3		7.3
EBITDA	64.1		71.9		(7.8)		(10.8)	126.8		153.6		(26.8)		(17.4)
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.6		0.2		0.4		200.0	1.1		0.3		0.8		266.7
Long term incentive plan	3.6		3.0		0.6		20.0	6.3		6.5		(0.2)		(3.1)
Other adjustments	0.5		—		0.5		—	0.8		—		0.8		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	68.8	$	75.1	$	(6.3)	(8.4)	$	135.0	$	160.4	$	(25.4)	(15.8)
Adjusted EBITDA Specialty Carbon Black	$	19.9	$	28.0	$	(8.1)	(28.9)	$	45.3	$	55.9	$	(10.6)	(19.0)
Adjusted EBITDA Rubber Carbon Black	$	48.9	$	47.1	$	1.8	3.8	$	89.7	$	104.5	$	(14.8)	(14.2)

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Orion S.A.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The following table presents reconciliation of Net income (loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:


	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Delta			2025		2024		Delta
	(In millions)						%	(In millions)						%
Net income (loss)	$	(67.1)	$	(20.2)	$	(46.9)	232.2	$	(49.0)	$	27.0	$	(76.0)	(281.5)
Add back Income tax (benefit) expense	(0.5)		(10.8)		10.3		(95.4)	13.0		11.8		1.2		10.2
Add back Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	(0.5)		(0.2)		(0.3)		150.0	(1.6)		(0.5)		(1.1)		220.0
Income (loss) before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes	(68.1)		(31.2)		(36.9)		118.3	(37.6)		38.3		(75.9)		(198.2)
Add back Interest and other financial expense, net	14.4		15.9		(1.5)		(9.4)	47.2		40.8		6.4		15.7

Income (loss) from operations	(53.7)		(15.3)		(38.4)		251.0	9.6		79.1		(69.5)		(87.9)
Add back Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets and right of use assets	33.7		30.8		2.9		9.4	97.2		90.0		7.2		8.0
EBITDA	(20.0)		15.5		(35.5)		(229.0)	106.8		169.1		(62.3)		(36.8)
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of tax	0.5		0.2		0.3		150.0	1.6		0.5		1.1		220.0


Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net
Misappropriation of assets, net	(7.3)		59.2		(66.5)		(112.3)	(7.3)		59.2		(66.5)		(112.3)
Professional fees related to misappropriation of assets	—		1.5		(1.5)		(100.0)	0.8		1.5		(0.7)		(46.7)
Goodwill impairment	80.8		—		80.8		—	80.8		—		80.8		—



Long term incentive plan	3.7		4.8		(1.1)		(22.9)	10.0		11.3		(1.3)		(11.5)


Other adjustments	—		(1.1)		1.1		(100.0)	—		(1.1)		1.1		(100.0)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	57.7	$	80.1	$	(22.4)	(28.0)	$	192.7	$	240.5	$	(47.8)	(19.9)
Adjusted EBITDA Specialty Carbon Black	$	21.6	$	27.2	$	(5.6)	(20.6)	$	66.9	$	83.1	$	(16.2)	(19.5)
Adjusted EBITDA Rubber Carbon Black	$	36.1	$	52.9	$	(16.8)	(31.8)	$	125.8	$	157.4	$	(31.6)	(20.1)

Operating Results Discussion

For the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 compared to three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024

Net sales

Volume for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 increased by 612.93 kmt ~~to 240.0 kmt~~, year over year, to 237.5 kmt, primarily due to higher ~~volume~~shipments in ~~the~~both ~~Rubber Carbon Black segment~~segments.

Net sales for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 decreased by $1012.65 million, or 2.27%, year over year to $~~466~~450.49 million, ~~year over year,~~ primarily due to lower oil prices and unfavorable product mix. ~~This~~Those ~~was~~were partially offset by higher ~~Rubber~~volume ~~Carbon~~and ~~Black~~a ~~segment volume,~~ favorable foreign exchange rate impact ~~and higher cogeneration~~.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 increased ~~marginally~~ by $09.84 million, or 0.2.6%, year over year to $~~368~~365.03 million, ~~year~~primarily ~~over~~due ~~year~~to costs associated with higher volume and higher fixed costs.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 decreased by $1121.49 million, or 1020.4%, year over year to $9885.46 million~~, year over year~~. The decrease was driven primarily by ~~lower volume in the Specialty Carbon Black segment,~~ unfavorable timing from the pass-through effect of raw material costs ~~and~~as well as unfavorable customer and regional mix in ~~the~~both ~~Rubber Carbon Black segment~~segments.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 decreased by $20.64 million, or 40.37%, year over year to $57.75 million, ~~year over year,~~ primarily driven by lower distribution costs.

Table of Contents

Orion S.A.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net

During the third quarter of 2024, we were the target of a criminal scheme that resulted in multiple fraudulently induced outbound wire transfers to accounts controlled by unknown third parties aggregating to $59.2 million. In addition, we incurred $1.5 million of professional fees in connection with our investigations. For more information, refer to Note Q. Commitments and Contingencies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Goodwill Impairment

During the third quarter of 2025, we experienced a significant decrease in the trading price of our common stock. In our Rubber reporting unit, elevated levels of low value tire imports from Asia during 2025 have indirectly impacted our demand in core Western markets and our overall profitability. In our Specialty reporting unit, persistently soft industrial economies coupled with uncertainty related to global trade, tariffs and regulatory matters have impacted our demand and portfolio mix. We performed a quantitative impairment assessment for each of our two reporting units as of September 30, 2025.

Based on our quantitative assessments, we recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $80.8 million. For more information, refer to Note D. Goodwill to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Provision for income taxes

For the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025, the Company recognized Income before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes of $1368.01 million, compared to Loss before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes $2931.42 million for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024.

The income tax ~~expense~~benefit for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $40.65 million ~~compared~~and to $910.18 million ~~for the three months ended June 30~~, ~~2024~~respectively.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025, and 2024 was 350.47% and 3134.06%, respectively. The ~~increase~~decrease in effective tax rate for three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024, was primarily driven by valuation allowances for tax losses and a non-tax deductible loss in connection with the goodwill impairment.

~~Comprehensive~~The ~~Income~~2024 ~~(loss)~~effective tax rate was impacted by $18.2 million of tax benefit related to Loss due to misappropriation of assets, net. For more information, refer to Note Q. Commitments and Contingencies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Comprehensive ~~income~~Income (loss) ~~decreased~~and inNet ~~the~~Income ~~second quarter of 2025 by $6.8 million to $4.3 million, year over year. The components of Comprehensive income~~ (loss) ~~are discussed below:~~

~~Net~~Comprehensive ~~income~~loss ~~decreased~~increased ~~by $11.5 million~~ in the ~~second~~third quarter of 2025 ~~compared~~by $47.3 million year over year to ~~the~~$67.4 million. ~~second~~The ~~quarter~~components of ~~2024.~~Comprehensive income (loss) are discussed below:

Net loss decreased by $46.9 million in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024 discussed above.

The activities from the components of Other Comprehensive income are discussed below:

•$54.74 million of net ~~favorable~~unfavorable impact due to change in foreign currency translation adjustments due to weakening of the U.S. dollar versus euro and

•$04.80 million of net ~~unfavorable~~favorable impact related to financial derivative instruments primarily driven by net periodic changes in cross currency swaps.

Adjusted EBITDA (A Non-GAAP Financial Measure)

Adjusted EBITDA decreased in the ~~second~~third quarter of 2025 by $622.34 million, or 828.40%, to $6857.87 million, year over year.

The decrease was driven by ~~lower~~unfavorable ~~volume~~timing inof the ~~Specialty~~pass-through ~~Carbon~~effect ~~Black~~of ~~segment,~~raw ~~unfavorable~~material ~~price~~costs ~~and~~as well as unfavorable ~~timing~~product ~~from~~and ~~the~~regional ~~pass-through~~mix ofin ~~raw~~both ~~material~~segments. ~~costs,~~These were partially offset by ~~higher~~increased ~~cogeneration~~volume and a favorable foreign exchange rate impact.

1922

Table of Contents

Orion S.A.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 compared to ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024

Net sales

Volume increased by 1022.25 kmt year over year to ~~491~~729.72 kmt compared to the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024, primarily due to higher Rubber Carbon Black segment volume~~, partially offset by lower Specialty Carbon Black segment volume~~.

Net sales decreased by $3548.83 million, or 3.73%, year over year in the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 to $~~944.~~1,395.0 million, ~~year over year,~~ primarily driven by the pass-through of lower oil prices, ~~and lower Specialty Carbon Black segment volume. Those were~~ partially offset by higher volume in the Rubber Carbon Black segment and ~~higher~~a ~~cogeneration~~favorable foreign exchange rate impact.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales ~~decreased~~increased ~~marginally~~ by $09.31 million, or 0.8%, year over year to $~~747~~1,112.69 million in the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 compared to the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024, primarily due to higher Rubber Carbon Black volume and fixed costs.

Gross profit

Gross profit decreased by $3557.54 million, or 1516.39%, year over year to $~~196~~282.51 million~~, year over year~~. The decrease was primarily driven by unfavorable ~~impact~~product and regional mix and unfavorable timing from the pass-through effect of raw material costs~~, partially offset by higher cogeneration~~.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $56.71 million, or 43.74%, year over year to $~~116~~173.16 million in the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 compared to the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024, primarily driven by ~~driven~~impact of cost saving measures initiated by us and lower distribution, ~~professional~~costs. ~~service~~Those were partially offset by inflation and ~~personnel~~unfavorable ~~costs~~foreign exchange rate impact.

Loss (recovery) due to misappropriation of assets, net

Goodwill Impairment

During the third quarter of 2025, we experienced a significant decrease in the trading price of our common stock. In our Rubber reporting unit, elevated levels of low value tire imports from Asia during 2025 have indirectly impacted our demand in core Western markets and our overall profitability. In our Specialty reporting unit, persistently soft industrial economies coupled with uncertainty related to global trade, tariffs and regulatory matters have impacted our demand and portfolio mix. We performed quantitative impairment assessment for each of our two reporting units at September 30, 2025.

Provision for income taxes

For the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025, the Company recognized ~~Income~~Loss before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes of $3037.56 million, compared to Income before earnings in affiliated companies and income taxes of $6938.53 million in the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024.

The provision for income taxes was an expense of $13.50 million and $2211.68 million for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 and ~~June~~September 30, 2024, respectively.

The effective tax rate for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025, was 44(34.36)%, as compared to 3230.58% for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024. The ~~increase~~decrease in our effective tax rate for the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025, as compared to the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2024, was primarily driven by valuation allowances for tax losses and a non-deductible expense in connection with the goodwill impairment.

~~Adjusted~~The ~~EBITDA~~2024 (Aeffective ~~Non~~tax rate was impacted by $18.2 million of tax benefit related to Loss due to misappropriation of assets, net. For more information, refer to Note Q. Commitments and Contingencies in our Annual Report on Form 10-~~GAAP~~K ~~Financial~~for ~~Measure)~~the year ended December 31, 2024.

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $25.4 million, or 15.8%, from $160.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $135.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to lower volume in the Specialty Carbon Black segment, unfavorable timing from the pass-through of raw material costs and unfavorable customer and regional mix in the Rubber Carbon Black segment. Those were partially offset by higher cogeneration. 23

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income decreased by $16.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Net income decreased by $29.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024.

The activities from the components of Other Comprehensive income are discussed below:

•$14.7 million of net favorable impact due to foreign currency translation adjustments, and

•$1.8 million of net unfavorable impacts related to financial derivative instruments primarily driven by net periodic changes in cross currency and interest rate swaps.

Table of Contents

Orion S.A.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income decreased by $63.9 million year over year in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net income decreased by $76.0 million year over year in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The activities from the components of Other Comprehensive income are discussed below:

•$10.3 million of net favorable impact due to foreign currency translation adjustments, and

•$2.2 million of net favorable impacts related to financial derivative instruments primarily driven by net periodic changes in cross currency and interest rate swaps.

Adjusted EBITDA (A Non-GAAP Financial Measure)

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $47.8 million, or 19.9%, year over year from $240.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $192.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to lower volume in the Specialty Carbon Black segment, unfavorable customer and regional mix in the Rubber Carbon Black segment and unfavorable timing from the pass-through effect of raw material costs.

Segment Discussion

Our operations are managed through two reportable segments, Specialty Carbon Black and Rubber Carbon Black. We use Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the measure of segment performance and profitability.

The table below presents our segment results derived from our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods indicated.

	Three Months Ended June 30,							Six Months Ended June 30,
	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Delta			2025		2024		Delta
	(In millions, except volume)						%	(In millions, except volume)						%
Specialty Carbon Black
Volume (kmt)	5861.02		6259.97		(41.9)5		(72.8)5	~~119~~181.91		~~126~~185.29		(64.38)		(52.06)
Net sales	$	~~158~~160.10	$	~~165~~162.5	$	(72.45)	(41.5)	$	~~318~~478.8	$	~~336~~498.49	$	(1720.61)	(54.20)
Cost of sales	~~125~~127.54		~~126~~125.09		(01.5)		(01.4)2	~~246~~373.26		~~255~~381.21		(97.05)		(32.50)
Gross profit	$	32.6	$	39.5	$	(6.9)	(17.5)	$	72.6	$	81.2	$	(8.6)	(10.6)
Segment Gross profit	$	32.6	$	36.6	$	(4.0)	(10.9)	$	105.2	$	117.8	$	(12.6)	(10.7)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1921.96	$	2827.02	$	(85.16)	(2820.96)	$	4566.39	$	5583.91	$	(1016.62)	(19.05)
Rubber Carbon Black
Volume (kmt)	~~182~~176.03		~~170~~165.25		1110.8		6.95	~~371~~548.81		~~355~~520.38		1627.53		45.62
Net sales	$	~~308~~290.39	$	~~311~~300.59	$	(310.20)	(13.03)	$	~~625~~916.32	$	~~643~~944.54	$	(1828.2)	(23.80)
Cost of sales	~~242~~237.59		~~241~~230.20		17.39		03.54	~~501~~739.43		~~492~~722.7		816.76		12.83
Gross profit	$	65.8	$	70.3	$	(4.5)	(6.4)	$	123.9	$	150.8	$	(26.9)	(17.8)
Segment Gross profit	$	53.0	$	70.9	$	(17.9)	(25.2)	$	176.9	$	221.7	$	(44.8)	(20.2)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	4836.91	$	4752.19	$	1(16.8)	3(31.8)	$	89125.78	$	~~104~~157.54	$	(1431.86)	(1420.21)

Specialty Carbon Black

Volume ~~decreased~~increased marginally by 41.95 kmt, or 72.85%, year over year, to 5861.02 kmt ~~and by 6.3 kmt, or 5.0% year over year, to 119.9 kmt~~ for the three ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025~~, respectively, primarily due to lower demand in the Europe, Middle East and Africa, as well as the Americas region~~.

~~Net~~Volume ~~sales~~ decreased by ~~$7.~~4 ~~million, or 4~~.~~5%,~~8 ~~year over year~~kmt, ~~to $158.1 million and by $17.6 million,~~ or 5.2.6%, year over year, to ~~$318~~181.~~8 million~~1 kmt for the ~~three~~nine ~~and six~~ months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025, respectively, primarily due to lower ~~volume~~demand ~~and~~in ~~lower~~the ~~oil~~EMEA ~~prices~~as well as the Americas regions in the first half of 2025.

~~Gross~~Net ~~profit~~sales decreased by $62.95 million, or 171.5%, year over year, to $32160.60 million, and by $820.61 million, or 104.60%, year over year, to $72478.68 million for the three and ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025, respectively, primarily ~~driven~~due byto lower ~~volume~~oil prices and ~~unfavorable~~lower ~~price~~volume ~~and~~in ~~product~~the ~~mix~~first half of 2025.

~~Adjusted~~Gross ~~EBITDA~~profit ~~for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025~~ decreased by $84.10 million, or 2810.9%, year over year, to $1932.96 million and by $1012.6 million, or 1910.07%, year over year, to $45105.32 million, ~~respectively.~~for ~~The~~the ~~decrease~~three ~~was~~and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, primarily ~~due~~driven toby lower volume, ~~and~~ unfavorable price and product mix and higher fixed costs.

~~Rubber Carbon Black~~ 24

Volume increased by 11.8 kmt, or 6.9%, year over year, to 182.0 kmt and increased by 16.5 kmt, or 4.6%, year over year, to 371.8 kmt, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to higher demand in the Asia Pacific and Americas regions.

Net sales decreased by $3.2 million, or 1.0%, year over year, to $308.3 million and decreased by $18.2 million, or 2.8%, year over year, to $625.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to the pass-through of lower oil prices, partially offset by higher volume.

Gross profit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased by $4.5 million, or 6.4%, year over year, to $65.8 million and decreased by $26.9 million, or 17.8%, year over year, to $123.9 million. The decrease was primarily due to unfavorable timing from the pass-through of raw material costs.

Adjusted EBITDA increased by $1.8 million, or 3.8%, year over year, to $48.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, driven primarily by lower fixed costs and higher cogeneration, partly offset by unfavorable timing from the pass-through of raw material costs.

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $14.8 million, or 14.2%, to $89.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, driven primarily by unfavorable timing from the pass-through of raw material costs and unfavorable customer and regional mix.

Table of Contents

Orion S.A.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by $5.6 million, or 20.6%, year over year to $21.6 million. The decrease was primarily due to unfavorable timing from the pass-through effect of raw material costs, product mix and higher fixed costs.

Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by $16.2 million, or 19.5%, year over year to $66.9 million. The decrease was primarily due to lower demand, unfavorable product and regional mix as well as unfavorable impact from the pass-through effect of raw material costs.

Rubber Carbon Black

Volume increased by 10.8 kmt, or 6.5%, year over year to 176.3 kmt and increased by 27.3 kmt, or 5.2%, year over year to 548.1 kmt, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, primarily due to higher demand in the Asia Pacific and Americas regions.

Net sales decreased by $10.0 million, or 3.3%, year over year to $290.9 million and decreased by $28.2 million, or 3.0%, year over year to $916.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, primarily due to the pass-through of lower oil prices, partially offset by higher volume.

Gross profit decreased by $17.9 million, or 25.2%, year over year to $53.0 million and decreased by $44.8 million, or 20.2%, year over year to $176.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to higher fixed costs, and unfavorable price and regional customer mix. Those were partially offset by higher volume.

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $16.8 million, or 31.8%, year over year to $36.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, driven primarily by the unfavorable impact from the pass-through effect of raw material costs as well as unfavorable customer and regional mix.

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $31.6 million, or 20.1%, year over year to $125.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily driven by unfavorable customer and regional mix as well as the unfavorable impact from the pass-through effect of raw material costs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historical Cash Flows

The tables below present our historical cash flows derived from our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods indicated.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
	(In millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	54122.19	$	6130.78
Net cash used in investing activities	(71112.43)		(87135.87)
Net cash provided by financing activities	14.0		23.5
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(5.5)		119.3

2025

Net cash provided by operating activities during the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 was $54122.19 million. The cash provided by operating activities primarily reflects changes in working capital. Change in working capital includes $~~228~~331.29 million sale of certain accounts receivables, discussed in Note B. Accounts Receivable to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net cash used in investing activities in the ~~six~~nine months ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 amounted to $71112.43 million. The expenditures were primarily related to safety, maintenance and growth investments.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 amounted to $14.0 million. These inflows primarily consisted of $17.6 million related to other short-term debt borrowings and $28.0 million, net borrowings under our ancillary credit facilities. Those were partially offset by scheduled debt repayments, dividend distributions and stock buybacks. 25

2024

Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $61.7 million. The cash provided by operating activities primarily reflects changes in working capital. Change in working capital includes $218.4 million sale of certain accounts receivables, discussed in Note B. Accounts Receivable to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $87.8 million. These expenditures were composed of a combination of safety and maintenance-related.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $23.5 million. These inflows primarily consisted of $52.7 million related to other short-term debt borrowings, partially offset by $17.7 million, net related to repayment of our ancillary credit facilities.

Sources of Liquidity

Our principal sources of liquidity are the net cash generated (i) from operating activities, primarily driven by our operating results and changes in working capital requirements and (ii) from financing activities, primarily driven by borrowing amounts available under our committed multicurrency, senior secured revolving credit facility (the “RCF”) and related ancillary facilities, various uncommitted local credit lines, and, from time to time, term loan borrowings and Accounts receivable factoring.

We believe our anticipated future operating cash flows, the capacity under our existing credit facilities and uncommitted bilateral lines of credit, along with access to surety bonds, will be sufficient to finance our planned Capital expenditures, settle our commitments and contingencies and address our normal anticipated working capital needs for the foreseeable future.

As of June 30, 2025, the company had total liquidity of $181.9 million, including cash and equivalents of $42.6 million, $103.5 million availability under our revolving credit facility, including ancillary lines, and $35.8 million of capacity under other available credit lines.

Table of Contents

Orion S.A.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 amounted to $5.5 million. The outflow primarily consisted of scheduled debt repayments, dividend distributions, payments for debt issuance costs and $24.8 million in stock buybacks. Those were partially offset by inflows primarily consisted of $30.0 million related to other short-term debt borrowings and $1.5 million, net borrowings under our ancillary credit facilities.

2024

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, amounted to $30.8 million. The cash provided by operating activities primarily reflects changes in working capital, $59.2 million Loss due to misappropriation of assets, net and professional fees of $1.5 million. Change in working capital includes $323.1 million sale of certain accounts receivables, discussed in Note B. Accounts Receivable to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, amounted to $135.7 million. These expenditures were composed of a combination of safety and maintenance-related.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, amounted to $119.3 million. These inflows primarily consisted of $68.7 million related to other short-term debt borrowings and $75.1 million, net borrowings under our ancillary credit facilities. Those were partially offset by scheduled debt repayments, dividend distributions and stock buybacks.

Sources of Liquidity

Our principal sources of liquidity are the net cash generated (i) from operating activities, primarily driven by our operating results and changes in working capital requirements and (ii) from financing activities, primarily driven by borrowing amounts available under our committed multi-currency, the senior secured revolving credit facility (the “RCF”) and related ancillary facilities, various uncommitted local credit lines, and, from time to time, term loan borrowings and Accounts receivable factoring.

As of September 30, 2025, the company had total liquidity of $249.2 million, including cash and equivalents of $51.3 million, $165.8 million availability under our RCF, including ancillary lines, and $32.1 million of capacity under other available credit lines.

Net working capital (A Non-GAAP Financial Measure)

We define Net working capital as the sum total of current Accounts receivable, net and Inventories, net less Accounts payable. Net working capital is a non-GAAP financial measure and other companies may use a similarly titled financial measure that is calculated differently from the way we calculate Net working capital. The following table sets forth the principal components of our Net working capital as of the dates indicated.

June 30, 2025

December 31, 2024

September 30, 2025

December 31, 2024

(In millions)

Accounts receivable, net

~~270~~265.01

211.9

Inventories, net

~~285~~278.79

290.4

Accounts payable

(~~173~~181.4)

(156.2)

Net working capital

~~382~~362.36

346.1

Our Net working capital position can vary significantly from month to month, mainly due to fluctuations in oil prices and receipts of carbon black oil shipments. In general, increases in the cost of raw materials lead to an increase in our Net working capital requirements, as our inventories and trade receivables increase as a result of higher carbon black oil prices and related sales levels. These increases are partially offset by related increases in trade payables. Due to the quantity of carbon black oil that we typically keep in stock, such increases in Net working capital occur gradually over a period of two to three months. Conversely, decreases in the cost of raw materials lead to a decrease in our Net working capital requirements over the same period of time.

Our Net working capital increased from $346.1 million as of December 31, 2024, to $~~382~~362.36 million as of ~~June~~September 30, 2025. The primary working capital change drivers, year over year, were as follows:

•Accounts receivable, net—This increase was primarily due to lower balance at December 31, 2024 from increased factoring of certain accounts receivables. Refer Note B. Accounts Receivable for discussion.

Those increases were partially offset by:

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

•Inventories, net—Decrease in production to meet forecasted demand resulted in a reduction in finished goods inventory. The value of Inventory, net was also impacted by lower oil prices and foreign exchange rate; and

•Accounts payable—Increase in accounts payable was primarily due to timing of payments.

Capital expenditures (A Non-GAAP Financial Measure)

We plan to finance our Capital expenditures with cash generated by our operating activities and/or by utilizing existing debt capacity. We currently do not have any material commitments to make Capital expenditures, except for the under-construction facility at La Porte, Texas. We do not plan to make material Capital expenditures outside the ordinary course of our business.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2025, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

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Cautionary Statement for the Purposes of the “Safe Harbor” Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

This report contains and refers to certain forward-looking statements with respect to our financial condition, results of operations and business. These statements constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are statements of future expectations that are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, among others, statements concerning our potential exposure to market risks, macroeconomic conditions including tariffs, expected plant uptime, market conditions, anticipated customer demand, expected impacts of operational improvements and foreign exchange, expectations regarding capital expenditures, working capital and free cash flow, our outlook for 2025, and other statements expressing management’s expectations, beliefs, estimates, forecasts, projections and assumptions and statements that are not limited to statements of historical or present facts or conditions.

Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “assure,” “believe,” “confident,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “objectives,” “outlook,” “guidance,” “probably,” “project,” “will,” “seek,” “target,” “to be” and other words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements about the following matters:

•our profit and cash flow projections;

•the outcome of any in-progress, pending or possible litigation or regulatory proceedings;

•the impact of adoption of ~~ASU~~new ~~2025-01~~ASUs on our financial results;

•the sufficiency of our cash on hand, cash provided by operating activities and borrowings to pay our operating expenses, satisfy our debt obligations and fund capital expenditures; and

•our projections and expectations for pricing, financial results and performance in 2025 and beyond.

All these forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions that, although believed to be reasonable, are inherently uncertain. Therefore, undue reliance should not be placed upon any forward-looking statements. There are important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others:

•negative or uncertain worldwide economic conditions and developments;

•the operational risks inherent in chemicals manufacturing, including but not limited to disruptions due to technical difficulties, severe weather conditions or natural disasters;

•unanticipated impacts of our plans and strategies, including our plans to discontinue production at certain facilities;

•our dependence on major customers and suppliers;

•further changes and uncertainty in the geopolitical environment or government policy, including related to tariffs, counter-tariffs and other trade barriers;

•our ability to compete in the industries and markets in which we operate;

•our ability to successfully develop new products and technologies;

•our ability to effectively implement our business strategies;

•the volatility of costs, quality and availability of raw materials and energy;

•our ability to realize benefits from investments, joint ventures, acquisitions or alliances;

•our ability to realize benefits from planned plant capacity expansions and planned and current site development projects;

•any information technology systems failures, network disruptions and breaches of data security;

•our exposure to political or country risks inherent in doing business globally;

•rapidly changing geopolitical environment, conflicts, growing tension between U.S. and other countries, and/or any other escalations may impact energy costs, raw material availability or other economic disruptions;

•our ability to comply with complex environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, and current and any possible future investigations and enforcement actions by governmental, supranational agencies or other organizations;

•environmental, social and governance matters, including regulations requiring a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions or that impose additional taxes or fees on emissions as well as increased awareness and adverse publicity about potential impacts on climate change by us;

•development regulation of carbon black as a nano-scale material;

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•our operations as a company in the chemical sector, including the related risks of leaks, fires and toxic releases as well as other accidents;

•any changes in European Union regulations or similar international regulations on chemical carbon that will affect our ability to market and sell our products;

•any market or regulatory changes that may affect our ability to sell or otherwise benefit from co-generated energy;

•any litigation or legal proceedings, including product liability, environmental or asbestos related claims;

•our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and know-how;

•risks associated with our financial leverage;

•restrictive effects of the covenants in our debt instruments;

•any deterioration in our financial position or downgrade of our ratings by credit rating agencies;

•any fluctuations in foreign currency exchange or interest rates;

•the availability and efficiency of hedging;

•any potential impairments or write-offs of certain assets;

•any required increases in our pension fund or retirement-related contributions;

•the adequacy of our insurance coverage;

•any challenges to our decisions and assumptions in assessing and complying with our tax obligations;

•any changes in our jurisdictional earnings mix or in the tax laws or accepted interpretations of tax laws in those jurisdictions;

•the ability to pay dividends on our common stock at historical rates or at all;

•the difference between our stockholders’ rights and rights of stockholders of a U.S. corporation;

•the potential difficulty in obtaining or enforcing judgments or bringing legal actions against Orion S.A. (a Luxembourg incorporated entity) in the U.S. or elsewhere outside Luxembourg;

•the difference between Luxembourg & European insolvency and bankruptcy laws from U.S. insolvency laws;

•our relationships with our workforce, including negotiations with labor unions, strikes and work stoppages;

•our ability to recruit or retain key management and personnel;

•any disruptive changes in international and local economic conditions, dislocations in credit and capital markets and inflation or deflation; and

•our ability to generate the funds required to service our debt and finance our operations.

Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements include those factors detailed under the captions “Cautionary Statement for the Purposes of the “Safe Harbor” Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995” and “Risk Factors” and in “Note Q. Commitments and Contingencies” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements regarding contingent liabilities, including litigation in our Annual Report inon Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and in our quarterly reports inon Form 10-Q and the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained therein. It is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, as a result of new information, future events or other information, other than as required by applicable law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Information about market risks for the period ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 does not differ materially from “Item 7A” in our Annual Report inon Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of ~~June~~September 30, 2025, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended ~~June~~September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We have been and expect to become involved from time to time in various claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of our business, such as product related claims, liability claims, employment related claims and asbestos litigation. Some matters involve claims for large amounts of damages as well as other relief. We believe, based on currently available information, that the results of the proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, but may be material to our operating results and cash flow for any particular period when the relevant costs are incurred. We note that the outcome of legal proceedings is inherently uncertain, and we offer no assurances as to the outcome of any of these current or future matters or their effect on the Company.

Information regarding our litigation and legal proceedings can be found in Note JK. Commitments and Contingencies to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated into this Item 1 by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to risk factors associated with our business previously disclosed in “Item A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report inon Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Period	Total number of Common stock purchased	Average price paid per stock		Total number of Common stock purchased as part of publicly announced plans	Maximum number of Common stock yet be purchased as part of publicly announced plans
6.9 million of Common Stock Repurchase Program
April 1 — 30, 2025	173,684	$	11.83	173,684	3,602,976
May 1 — 31, 2025	210,928	10.98		210,928	3,392,048
June 1 — 30, 2025	46,581	10.92		46,581	3,345,467
Repurchased in 2025 second quarter	431,193			431,193	3,345,467

None

The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may yet be purchased under the program is not necessarily an indication of the number of shares that will ultimately be purchased. The authorization may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not obligate us to acquire any specific amount of common stock.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number		Description
10.1	*†	~~Form~~Fourteenth Amendment, dated as of ~~PSU~~September ~~Award~~30, 2025, to the Credit Agreement, by and among Orion S.A. (f/k/a Orion Engineered Carbons S.A.), Orion Engineered Carbons Holdings GmbH, Orion Engineered Carbons BondCo GmbH, Orion Engineered Carbons GmbH, OEC Finance US LLC, the Revolving Borrowers named therein, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders party thereto, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent for the Lenders.
10.2	*†	Form of RSU Award Agreement
10.3	*†	Form of Director Restricted Share Award Agreement
31.1	*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
31.2	*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
32.1	**	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2	**	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document.
104.0		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
*	Filed herewith
**	Furnished herewith
†	Management compensatory arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		ORION S.A.
August 6, 2025	By	/s/ Jeffrey Glajch
November 4, 2025	By	/s/ Jeffrey Glajch
		Name: Jeffrey Glajch
		Title: Chief Financial Officer

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