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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-36733

AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Bermuda

2851

98-1073028

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

1050 Constitution Avenue

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112

(855) 547-1461

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of the registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Shares, $1.00 par value

AXTA

New York Stock Exchange

(Title of class)

(Trading symbol)

(Exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 22, 2025, there were 213,340,170 shares of the registrant’s common shares outstanding.

Table of Contents


PART I		Financial Information
	ITEM 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity	6
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
	ITEM 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
	ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
	ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
PART II		Other Information
	ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	40
	ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	40
	ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40
	ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	40
	ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	40
	ITEM 5.	Other Information	40
	ITEM 6.	Exhibits	41
		Signatures	42

Table of Contents

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(In millions, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net sales	$	1,288	$	1,320	$	3,855	$	3,965
Cost of goods sold	838		858		2,515		2,614
Selling, general and administrative expenses	197		211		607		631
Other operating charges	6		15		32		78
Research and development expenses	18		19		55		55
Amortization of acquired intangibles	25		24		73		68
Income from operations	204		193		573		519
Interest expense, net	45		54		134		158
Other expense (income), net	4		(3)		12		4
Income before income taxes	155		142		427		357
Provision for income taxes	45		40		108		103
Net income	110		102		319		254
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		1		1		—
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	110	$	101	$	318	$	254
Basic net income per share	$	0.51	$	0.46	$	1.47	$	1.15
Diluted net income per share	$	0.51	$	0.46	$	1.46	$	1.15

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(In millions)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	110	$	102	$	319	$	254
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1)		74		189		1
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives	1		(2)		1		(2)
Unrealized gain on pension and other benefit plan obligations	1		—		3		2
Other comprehensive income, before tax	1		72		193		1
Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income	1		(4)		(7)		(2)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		76		200		3
Comprehensive income	110		178		519		257
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	1		2		3		1
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders	$	109	$	176	$	516	$	256

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In millions, except per share data)


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	606	$	593
Restricted cash	4		3
Accounts and notes receivable, net	1,353		1,248
Inventories	829		734
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	199		145

Total current assets	2,991		2,723
Property, plant and equipment, net	1,279		1,181
Goodwill	1,769		1,640
Identifiable intangibles, net	1,141		1,149
Other assets	580		556

Total assets	$	7,760	$	7,249
Liabilities, Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	691	$	659
Current portion of borrowings	20		20
Other accrued liabilities	649		675

Total current liabilities	1,360		1,354
Long-term borrowings	3,382		3,401
Accrued pensions	240		220
Deferred income taxes	164		151
Other liabilities	289		167

Total liabilities	5,435		5,293
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 5)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common shares, $1.00 par, 1,000.0 shares authorized, 255.0 and 254.5 shares issued at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively	255		255
Capital in excess of par	1,615		1,599
Retained earnings	1,995		1,677
Treasury shares, at cost, 41.7 and 36.4 shares at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively	(1,202)		(1,037)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(384)		(582)
Total Axalta shareholders’ equity	2,279		1,912
Noncontrolling interests	46		44
Total shareholders’ equity	2,325		1,956
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	7,760	$	7,249

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(In millions)


	Common Stock
	Number of Shares	Par/Stated Value		Capital In Excess Of Par		Retained Earnings		Treasury Shares, at cost		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Non controlling Interests		Total
Balance at December 31, 2024	218.1	$	255	$	1,599	$	1,677	$	(1,037)	$	(582)	$	44	$	1,956
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—		99		—		—		—		99


Long-term employee benefit plans, net of tax of $0 million	—	—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Foreign currency translation, net of tax benefit of $1 million	—	—		—		—		—		61		2		63
Total comprehensive income	—	—		—		99		—		62		2		163

Recognition of stock-based compensation	—	—		5		—		—		—		—		5
Shares issued under compensation plans	0.5	—		(2)		—		—		—		—		(2)



Balance at March 31, 2025	218.6	$	255	$	1,602	$	1,776	$	(1,037)	$	(520)	$	46	$	2,122
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—		109		—		—		1		110


Long-term employee benefit plans, net of tax of $0 million	—	—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Foreign currency translation, net of tax benefit of $7 million	—	—		—		—		—		136		(1)		135
Total comprehensive income	—	—		—		109		—		137		—		246
Recognition of stock-based compensation	—	—		8		—		—		—		—		8


Common stock purchases	(2.0)	—		—		—		(65)		—		—		(65)

Balance at June 30, 2025	216.6	$	255	$	1,610	$	1,885	$	(1,102)	$	(383)	$	46	$	2,311
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—		110		—		—		—		110
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax benefit of $0 million	—	—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Long-term employee benefit plans, net of tax of $1 million	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign currency translation, net of tax benefit of $0 million	—	—		—		—		—		(2)		1		(1)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		110		—		(1)		1		110
Recognition of stock-based compensation	—	—		6		—		—		—		—		6
Shares issued under compensation plans	—	—		(1)		—		—		—		—		(1)

Common stock purchases	(3.3)	—		—		—		(100)		—		—		(100)
Dividends declared to non-controlling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—		(1)		(1)
Balance at September 30, 2025	213.3	$	255	$	1,615	$	1,995	$	(1,202)	$	(384)	$	46	$	2,325

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	Common Stock
	Number of Shares	Par/Stated Value		Capital In Excess Of Par		Retained Earnings		Treasury Shares, at cost		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Non controlling Interests		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	220.1	$	254	$	1,568	$	1,286	$	(937)	$	(444)	$	46	$	1,773
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		41		—		—		(2)		39


Long-term employee benefit plans, net of tax of $0 million	—	—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $1 million	—	—		—		—		—		(45)		—		(45)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		41		—		(44)		(2)		(5)

Recognition of stock-based compensation	—	—		6		—		—		—		—		6
Shares issued under compensation plans	0.5	—		1		—		—		—		—		1



Balance at March 31, 2024	220.6	$	254	$	1,575	$	1,327	$	(937)	$	(488)	$	44	$	1,775
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		—		112		—		—		1		113


Long-term employee benefit plans, net of tax of $0 million	—	—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $1 million	—	—		—		—		—		(30)		—		(30)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		112		—		(29)		1		84

Recognition of stock-based compensation	—	—		8		—		—		—		—		8
Shares issued under compensation plans	0.1	—		1		—		—		—		—		1

Common stock purchases	(1.4)	—		—		—		(50)		—		—		(50)

Balance at June 30, 2024	219.3	$	254	$	1,584	$	1,439	$	(987)	$	(517)	$	45	$	1,818
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	—	—		—		101		—		—		1		102
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives, net of tax of $0 million	—	—		—		—		—		(2)		—		(2)

Foreign currency translation, net of tax benefit of $4 million	—	—		—		—		—		77		1		78
Total comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		101		—		75		2		178
Recognition of stock-based compensation	—	—		7		—		—		—		—		7
Shares issued under compensation plans	0.1	—		(1)		—		—		—		—		(1)

Common stock purchases	(1.4)	—		—		—		(50)		—		—		(50)
Dividends declared to noncontrolling interests	—	—		—		—		—		—		(1)		(1)
Balance at September 30, 2024	218.0	$	254	$	1,590	$	1,540	$	(1,037)	$	(442)	$	46	$	1,951

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS LTD.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In millions)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Operating activities:
Net income	$	319	$	254
Adjustment to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	218		207
Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discount	6		6
Debt extinguishment and refinancing-related costs	—		3
Deferred income taxes	28		10
Realized and unrealized foreign exchange losses, net	31		12
Stock-based compensation	19		21



Interest income on swaps designated as net investment hedges	(9)		(10)

Other non-cash, net	8		5
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts and notes receivable	(48)		(16)
Inventories	(53)		(54)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(132)		(106)
Accounts payable	(15)		(18)
Other accrued liabilities	(71)		(2)
Other liabilities	4		30
Cash provided by operating activities	305		342
Investing activities:
Acquisition, net of cash acquired	(6)		(290)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(138)		(78)



Interest proceeds on swaps designated as net investment hedges	9		10

Payments for loans to customers	(3)		(21)

Other investing activities, net	16		5
Cash used for investing activities	(122)		(374)
Financing activities:

Proceeds from long-term borrowings	—		292
Payments on short-term borrowings	—		(5)
Payments on long-term borrowings	(25)		(273)
Financing-related costs	—		(5)
Purchases of common stock	(165)		(100)
Net cash flows associated with stock-based awards	(3)		1



Other financing activities, net	(2)		—
Cash used for financing activities	(195)		(90)
Decrease in cash	(12)		(122)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	26		(10)
Cash at beginning of period	596		703
Cash at end of period	$	610	$	571

Cash at end of period reconciliation:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	606	$	567
Restricted cash	4		4

Cash at end of period	$	610	$	571

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

Index


Note						Page
(1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES						10
(2) REVENUE						10

(3) GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS						11
(4) RESTRUCTURING						12
(5) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES						12
(6) LONG-TERM EMPLOYEE BENEFITS						13
(7) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION						14
(8) OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME), NET						14
(9) INCOME TAXES						15
(10) NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE						15
(11) ACCOUNTS AND NOTES RECEIVABLE, NET						16
(12) INVENTORIES						16
(13) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET						16
(14) SUPPLIER FINANCE PROGRAMS						17
(15) BORROWINGS						17
(16) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, HEDGING ACTIVITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS						18
(17) SEGMENTS						21
(18) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS						26

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

(1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited. In the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and shareholders' equity of Axalta Coating Systems Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company limited by shares, and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Axalta,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us”) at September 30, 2025, the results of operations, comprehensive income and changes in shareholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and cash flows for the nine months then ended. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Axalta and its subsidiaries, and entities in which a controlling interest is maintained. Certain of our entities are accounted for on a one-month lag basis, the effect of which is not material.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ended December 31, 2025 or any future period(s).

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Updates

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

In January 2024, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), which expands the disclosures about a public entity's reportable segments and the expenses of the entity’s reportable segments. This ASU does not impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The required disclosures are included in Note 17.

Accounting Guidance and Disclosure Rules Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. This ASU does not impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt the guidance and include required enhanced disclosures in its consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2025.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), to improve disclosures about a public business entity's expenses and require more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions, such as cost of sales, selling general and administrative expense and research and development. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on our financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), to enhance guidance for recognizing and measuring capitalizable costs associated with the development of internal-use software. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-06 on our financial statements.

(2) REVENUE

Consideration for products in which control has transferred to our customers that is conditional on something other than the passage of time is recorded as a contract asset within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract asset balances at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $54 million and $36 million, respectively.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

We provide certain customers with incremental up-front consideration, subject to clawback provisions, including Business Incentive Plan assets (“BIPs”), which is capitalized as a component of other assets and amortized over the estimated life of the contractual arrangement as a reduction of net sales. We do not receive a distinct service or good in return for these BIPs, but rather receive volume commitments and/or sole supplier status from our customers over the life of the contractual arrangements, which approximates a five-year weighted average useful life. The termination clauses in these contractual arrangements generally include standard clawback provisions that are designed to enable us to collect monetary damages in the event of a customer's failure to meet its commitments under the relevant contract. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the total carrying values of BIPs were $196 million and $169 million, respectively, and are presented within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, $16 million, $47 million, $16 million and $44 million, respectively, was amortized net of clawbacks and reflected as reductions of net sales in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

See Note 17 for disaggregated net sales by end-market.

(3) GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we completed a strategic acquisition in our Performance Coatings segment. This acquisition was accounted for as a business combination with aggregate consideration of $9 million, of which $6 million was paid, net of $1 million of cash acquired. The overall impacts to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were not considered to be material. The fair value attributable to identifiable intangible assets was $5 million, comprised of customer relationship assets, which will be amortized over a weighted average term of approximately 10 years.

Goodwill

The following table shows changes in the carrying amount of goodwill from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025 by reportable segment:


	Performance Coatings		Mobility Coatings		Total
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	1,566	$	74	$	1,640
Goodwill from acquisitions	2		—		2
Purchase accounting adjustments	1		—		1
Foreign currency translation	120		6		126
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	1,689	$	80	$	1,769

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The following tables summarize the gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of identifiable intangible assets by major class:


September 30, 2025	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value		Weighted average amortization periods (years)
Technology	$	153	$	(99)	$	54	11.1
Trademarks—indefinite-lived	274		—		274		Indefinite
Trademarks—definite-lived	163		(83)		80		14.1
Customer relationships	1,344		(611)		733		19.0

Total	$	1,934	$	(793)	$	1,141


December 31, 2024	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value		Weighted average amortization periods (years)
Technology	$	152	$	(88)	$	64	11.1
Trademarks—indefinite-lived	252		—		252		Indefinite
Trademarks—definite-lived	154		(70)		84		14.0
Customer relationships	1,280		(531)		749		19.1

Total	$	1,838	$	(689)	$	1,149

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

The estimated amortization expense related to the fair value of acquired intangible assets for the remainder of 2025 and each of the succeeding five years is:


Remainder of 2025	$	25
2026	100
2027	99
2028	85
2029	80
2030	80

(4) RESTRUCTURING

During February 2024, we announced a global transformation initiative intended to simplify the Company’s organizational structure and enable us to be more proactive, responsive, and agile and to better serve our customers and to lower our cost base and improve financial performance and cash flow generation (the “2024 Transformation Initiative”). The 2024 Transformation Initiative actions, certain of which are subject to the satisfaction of local law requirements in various jurisdictions, commenced in the first quarter of 2024, and we expect them to be completed by 2026. The 2024 Transformation Initiative is expected to result in a reduction to our workforce of more than 500 employees globally and total pre-tax charges of approximately $82 million in the aggregate, of which approximately $76 million represents severance and other exit-related costs and approximately $6 million represents non-cash accelerated depreciation charges. Total cash expenditures related to the 2024 Transformation Initiative are expected to be approximately $105-115 million, inclusive of $30-40 million for capital expenditures to, among other things, shift manufacturing capacity or capabilities. The 2024 Transformation Initiative resulted in pre-tax charges of $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which primarily relates to employee severance and other exit costs.

The majority of the termination benefits were accounted for in accordance with the applicable guidance for Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 712, Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits, whereby we accounted for termination benefits and recognized liabilities when the loss was considered probable that employees were entitled to benefits and the amounts could be reasonably estimated.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we incurred costs of $2 million, $22 million, $10 million and $65 million, respectively, for termination benefits, net of changes in estimates. The majority of our termination benefits are recorded within other operating charges in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The remaining payments associated with these actions are expected to be substantially completed within 12 months from September 30, 2025.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the termination benefit reserves and expenses from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025:


	2025 Activity
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	49
Expenses, net of changes to estimates	22
Payments made	(43)
Foreign currency translation	4
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	32

(5) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Guarantees

We guarantee certain of our customers’ obligations to third parties, whereby any default by our customers on their obligations could force us to make payments to the applicable creditors ("Customer Obligation Guarantees"). At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had outstanding Customer Obligation Guarantees of $24 million and $23 million, respectively, excluding certain outstanding Customer Obligation Guarantees secured by letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facility discussed further in Note 15. Excluding Customer Obligation Guarantees secured by letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facility, substantially all of our Customer Obligation Guarantees do not have specified expiration dates. We monitor the Customer Obligation Guarantees to evaluate whether we have a liability at the balance sheet date. We did not have any liabilities related to our outstanding Customer Obligation Guarantees recorded at either September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

Operational Matter

In January 2021, we became aware of an operational matter affecting certain North America Mobility Coatings customer manufacturing sites. The matter involves the use and application of certain of our products in combination with and incorporated within third-party products. The matter occurred over a discrete period during the fourth quarter of 2020. We concluded that losses from this matter were probable and that a majority of losses would be covered under our insurance policies, subject to deductible and policy limits as defined in our policies.

During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, expenses recorded relating to the operational matter were immaterial. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $28 million and $29 million, respectively, recorded for estimated insurance receivables within accounts and notes receivable, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Liabilities of $25 million and $27 million are recorded as other accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The recorded probable losses remain an estimate, and actual costs arising from this matter could be materially lower or higher depending on the actual costs incurred to repair the impacted products as well as the availability of additional insurance coverage.

Other

We are subject to various pending lawsuits, legal proceedings and other claims in the ordinary course of business, including civil, regulatory and environmental matters. These matters may involve third-party indemnification obligations and/or insurance covering all or part of any potential damage incurred by us. All of these matters are subject to many uncertainties and, accordingly, we cannot determine the ultimate outcome of the proceedings and other claims at this time. The potential effects, if any, on our condensed consolidated financial statements will be recorded in the period in which these matters are probable and estimable. Except as set forth in the “Operational Matter” section above, we believe that any sum we may be required to pay in connection with proceedings or claims in excess of the amounts recorded would likely not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows on a consolidated annual basis but could have a material adverse impact in a particular quarterly reporting period. However, there can be no assurance that any such sum would not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows on a consolidated annual basis.

We are involved in environmental remediation and ongoing compliance activities at several sites. The timing and duration of remediation and ongoing compliance activities are determined on a site by site basis depending on local regulations. The liabilities recorded represent our estimable future remediation costs and other anticipated environmental liabilities. We have not recorded liabilities at sites where a liability is probable but a range of loss is not reasonably estimable. We believe that any sum we may be required to pay in connection with environmental remediation matters in excess of the amounts recorded would likely occur over a period of time and would likely not have a material adverse effect upon our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows on a consolidated annual basis but could have a material adverse impact in a particular quarterly reporting period.

(6) LONG-TERM EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost

The following table sets forth the pre-tax components of net periodic benefit costs for our defined benefit plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	2	$	1	$	5	$	5
Interest cost	5		6		14		15
Expected return on plan assets	(3)		(3)		(8)		(9)
Amortization of actuarial loss, net	1		—		3		2


Net periodic benefit cost	$	5	$	4	$	14	$	13

All non-service components of net periodic benefit cost are recorded in other expense (income), net within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

(7) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $6 million, $19 million, $7 million and $21 million in stock-based compensation expense, respectively, which was allocated between cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recognized tax benefits on stock-based compensation of $1 million and $2 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

2025 Activity


Restricted Stock Units	Units (in millions)	Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2025	1.0	$	31.43
Granted	0.5	$	34.34
Vested	(0.5)	$	30.54
Forfeited	(0.1)	$	32.89
Outstanding at September 30, 2025	0.9	$	33.24

Tax benefits on the vesting of restricted stock units during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were immaterial.

At September 30, 2025, there was $15 million of unamortized expense relating to unvested restricted stock units that is expected to be amortized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.


Performance Share Units	Units (in millions)	Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2025	0.9	$	35.84
Granted	0.3	$	39.70
Vested (1)	—	$	30.63
Forfeited	(0.2)	$	33.28
Outstanding at September 30, 2025	1.0	$	37.94

(1) Activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 rounds to zero.

Our performance share units allow for participants to vest in zero to 200% of the target number of shares granted. At September 30, 2025, there was $17 million of unamortized expense relating to unvested performance share units that is expected to be amortized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. The forfeitures include portions of performance share unit grants that were determined to not have vested during the period as a result of not meeting established financial performance thresholds.

Stock Options

The Black-Scholes option pricing model was used to estimate the fair values for options as of their grant date. There have been no options granted since 2019. There are currently 0.2 million options outstanding, all of which are vested and exercisable, with an average exercise price of $28.06, a weighted average contractual life of 2.3 years and an immaterial aggregate intrinsic value.

Cash received by the Company upon exercise of options during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $1 million. There were immaterial tax expenses on these exercises.

(8) OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME), NET


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Foreign exchange losses, net	$	4	$	—	$	11	$	8

Debt extinguishment and refinancing-related costs (1)	—		—		—		3
Other miscellaneous (income) expense, net	—		(3)		1		(7)

Total	$	4	$	(3)	$	12	$	4

(1) Debt extinguishment and refinancing-related costs include third-party fees incurred and the loss on extinguishment associated with the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and original issue discounts in conjunction with the refinancing of our long-term borrowings.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

(9) INCOME TAXES

Our effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Effective Tax Rate	25.3	%	28.9	%

The lower effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to the release of unrecognized tax benefits upon expiration of statutes of limitations in various jurisdictions and the favorable impact to our deferred tax expense due to the enactment of future income tax rate reductions, as well as the unfavorable 2024 tax impacts of the 2024 Transformation Initiative pre-tax charges, which did not repeat in 2025.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 differs from the Bermuda statutory rate due to various items that impacted the effective rate both favorably and unfavorably. We recorded unfavorable impacts for earnings in jurisdictions where the statutory rate is higher than the Bermuda statutory rate and for changes in the valuation allowance. These adjustments were primarily offset by the net favorable adjustments for decreases in unrecognized tax benefits.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the effect of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Pillar Two framework, which imposes, among other items, a minimum tax rate of 15%, resulted in incremental tax expenses as compared to the same period in 2024. The incremental increase did not have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, including 100% bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing, and the business interest expense limitation. The incremental impact of OBBBA did not have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the German Tax Authorities (“GTA”) issued a preliminary position related to the establishment of our European headquarters in Basel, Switzerland in 2016, which when resolved, could have a material impact on our results of operations and cash flows in future periods. We are fully engaged in ongoing discussions with the GTA and continue to work towards resolutions on certain matters. We believe that our estimated provision for this matter recorded at September 30, 2025, is appropriate.

(10) NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE

Basic net income per common share excludes the dilutive impact of potentially dilutive securities and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share includes the effect of potential dilution from the hypothetical exercise of outstanding stock options and vesting of restricted stock units and performance share units. A reconciliation of our basic and diluted net income per common share is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income to common shareholders	$	110	$	101	$	318	$	254
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	215.0		218.9		216.9		219.8
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	215.9		219.9		217.9		220.8
Net income per common share (1):
Basic net income per share	$	0.51	$	0.46	$	1.47	$	1.15
Diluted net income per share	$	0.51	$	0.46	$	1.46	$	1.15

(1) Basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share are calculated based on full precision. Figures in the table may not recalculate due to rounding.

The number of anti-dilutive shares that have been excluded in the computation of diluted net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 0.3 million, 0.2 million, 0.2 million and 0.1 million, respectively.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

(11) ACCOUNTS AND NOTES RECEIVABLE, NET

Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount we expect to collect. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses by applying historical loss percentages, combined with reasonable and supportable forecasts of future losses, to respective aging categories. Management considers the following factors in developing its current estimate of expected credit losses: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, changes in market or regulatory matters, changes in geopolitical matters, changes in customer payment terms, and other macroeconomic factors.


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Accounts receivable - trade, net (1)	$	1,116	$	1,015
Notes receivable	83		92
Other (2)	154		141
Total	$	1,353	$	1,248

(1) Allowance for doubtful accounts was $30 million and $25 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2) Includes $28 million and $29 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, of insurance recoveries related to an operational matter discussed further in Note 5.

Bad debt expense of $3 million, $9 million, $2 million and $6 million was included within selling, general and administrative expenses and other operating charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(12) INVENTORIES


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Finished products	$	467	$	391
Semi-finished products	130		124
Raw materials	196		189
Stores and supplies	36		30
Total	$	829	$	734

Inventory reserves were $22 million and $17 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(13) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Property, plant and equipment	$	2,692	$	2,454
Accumulated depreciation	(1,413)		(1,273)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	1,279	$	1,181

Depreciation expense amounted to $33 million, $97 million, $32 million and $94 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

(14) SUPPLIER FINANCE PROGRAMS

We maintain a voluntary supply chain financing (“SCF”) program with a global financial institution, which allows a select group of suppliers to sell their receivables to the participating financial institution at the discretion of both parties on terms that are negotiated between the supplier and the financial institution. The supplier invoices that have been confirmed as valid under the program are paid by us to the financial institution according to the terms we have with the supplier. Amounts outstanding under the SCF program were $32 million and $22 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

We also participate in a virtual card program with a global financial institution, in which we pay supplier invoices on the due date using a Virtual Card Account (“VCA”) and subsequently pay the balance in full 25 days after the billing statement date of the VCA. The program allows for suppliers to receive an accelerated payment for a fee at each supplier's discretion. Fees paid by our suppliers are negotiated directly with the financial institution without our involvement. Amounts outstanding under the VCA program were $7 million and $6 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The payment terms we have with our suppliers who participate in the SCF and VCA programs are consistent with the typical terms we have with our suppliers who do not participate. These financing arrangements are included in accounts payable within the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the associated payments are included in operating activities within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

We have a supplier financing program in China which is utilized to finance the purchases of goods and services from our suppliers through local banking institutions. The payment terms under the program vary, but the program has a weighted average maturity date that is approximately 90 days from each respective financing inception. These financing arrangements are included in the current portion of borrowings within the condensed consolidated balance sheets and at the time of issuance each transaction is treated as a non-cash financing activity within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Upon settlement of the financing, the cash outflow is classified as a financing activity within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. There were no balances outstanding under this program at both September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024. There were no cash outflows under this program for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $4 million of cash outflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

(15) BORROWINGS

Borrowings are summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
2029 Dollar Term Loans	$	1,679	$	1,702


2027 Dollar Senior Notes	500		500
2029 Dollar Senior Notes	700		700
2031 Dollar Senior Notes	500		500
Short-term and other borrowings	52		54
Unamortized original issue discount	(11)		(13)
Unamortized deferred financing costs	(18)		(22)
Total borrowings, net	3,402		3,421
Less:
Short-term borrowings	3		3
Current portion of long-term borrowings	17		17
Long-term debt	$	3,382	$	3,401

Our senior secured credit facilities (the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”) consist of a term loan due in 2029 (the “2029 Dollar Term Loans”) and a revolving credit facility that matures in 2029 (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) that are governed by a credit agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”).

Revolving Credit Facility

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility totaled $28 million and $22 million, respectively, which reduced the availability under the Revolving Credit Facility as of such dates. Availability under the Revolving Credit Facility was $772 million and $778 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility include $14 million that secures Customer Obligation Guarantees at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

Other Activity

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we prepaid $10 million of the outstanding principal amount of the 2029 Dollar Term Loans. As a result of these prepayments, we recorded an immaterial loss on extinguishment of debt for the three months ended September 30, 2025, which comprised the proportionate write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and original issue discounts.

On October 28, 2025, certain of our subsidiaries entered into the Seventeenth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the "Seventeenth Amendment"), to permit the funding of repurchases of our common shares using borrowings under the Credit Agreement.

Future repayments

Below is a schedule of required future repayments of all borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2025.


Remainder of 2025	$	5
2026	21
2027	521
2028	21
2029	2,329
Thereafter	534
Total borrowings	3,431
Unamortized original issue discount	(11)
Unamortized deferred financing costs	(18)
Total borrowings, net	$	3,402

(16) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, HEDGING ACTIVITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value of financial instruments

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values - Balances of equity securities are recorded within other assets, with any changes in fair value recorded within other expense (income), net. The fair values of equity securities are based upon quoted market prices, which are considered Level 1 inputs.

Long-term borrowings - The estimated fair values of these borrowings are based on recent trades, as reported by a third-party pricing service. Due to the infrequency of trades, these inputs are considered to be Level 2 inputs.

Derivative instruments - The Company’s interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forward contracts are valued using broker quotations or market transactions in either the listed or over-the-counter markets. As such, these derivative instruments are included in the Level 2 hierarchy.

Fair value of contingent consideration

Contingent consideration is valued using a probability-weighted expected payment method that considers the timing of expected future cash flows and the probability of whether key elements of the contingent event are completed. The fair value of contingent consideration is valued at each balance sheet date, until amounts become payable, with adjustments recorded within other expense (income), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Due to the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuations, these liabilities are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

The table below presents the fair values of our financial instruments measured on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


	September 30, 2025								December 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets:

Interest rate swaps (1)	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Cross-currency swaps (2)	—		9		—		9		—		12		—		12

Other assets:


Cross-currency swaps (2)	—		—		—		—		—		5		—		5
Investments in equity securities	1		—		—		1		1		—		—		1
Liabilities:
Other accrued liabilities:

Interest rate swaps (1)	—		—		—		—		—		1		—		1


Contingent consideration	—		—		2		2		—		—		2		2
Other liabilities:

Interest rate swaps (1)	—		1		—		1		—		—		—		—
Cross-currency swaps (2)	—		103		—		103		—		—		—		—

Long-term borrowings:

2029 Dollar Term Loans	—		1,690		—		1,690		—		1,709		—		1,709
2027 Dollar Senior Notes	—		499		—		499		—		490		—		490
2029 Dollar Senior Notes	—		664		—		664		—		637		—		637
2031 Dollar Senior Notes	—		524		—		524		—		519		—		519

(1) Cash flow hedge

(2) Net investment hedge

The table below presents a roll forward of activity for the Level 3 liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.


	Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Beginning balance at December 31, 2024	$	2
Business acquisition	1

Payments	(1)

Ending balance at September 30, 2025	$	2

Derivative Financial Instruments

We selectively use derivative instruments to reduce market risk associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. The use of derivatives is intended for hedging purposes only, and we do not enter into derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

Derivative Instruments Qualifying and Designated as Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges

Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, an interest rate swap associated with the 2029 Dollar Term Loans, which was previously executed in 2024, was set to expire. It was, instead, effectively terminated on September 25, 2025, and a new interest rate swap was simultaneously issued as is set forth in the below table. This interest rate swap is marked to market at each reporting date and any unrealized gains or losses are included in unrealized currency translation adjustments, within accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCI").

Former

Current

Notional amount

150

175

Interest rate pay

4.692

3.303

Interest rate receive

3-month SOFR

Initial effective date

3/27/2024

9/25/2025

Maximum expiration date

9/30/2025 (1)

6/30/2028

(1) The interest rate swap was effectively terminated on September 25, 2025.

Cross-Currency Swaps Designated as Net Investment Hedges

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, a fixed-for-fixed cross-currency swap, which was previously executed in 2024 and was set to expire on September 30, 2025, was effectively amended to extend the maturity to June 30, 2028, reset the terms, and increase the notional value as is set forth in the below table. This cross-currency swap is marked to market at each reporting date, and any unrealized gains or losses subject to the assessment of the hedge’s effectiveness are included in unrealized currency translation adjustments, within AOCI. Gains and losses for hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized over the life of the hedge on a systematic and rational basis.


	Former			Current
Notional exchanged	$	150		$	175
Interest rate receive	6.692		%	5.053		%
Notional received	€	142		€	166
Interest rate pay	4.899		%	3.295		%
Initial effective date	3/27/2024			9/25/2025
Maximum expiration date	9/30/2025 (1)			06/30/2028

(1) The cross-currency swap was effectively amended under new terms on September 25, 2025.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

The following table sets forth the locations and amounts recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 for the Company's cash flow and net investment hedges.


		Three Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024
Derivatives in Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges	Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Net Amount of Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivatives		Amount of Gain Recognized in Income		Net Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivatives		Amount of Gain Recognized in Income

Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	(1)	$	—	$	3	$	—

Cross-currency swaps	Interest expense, net	(3)		(4)		34		(3)


		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024
Derivatives in Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges	Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Net Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivatives		Amount of Gain Recognized in Income		Net Amount of Loss (Gain) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives		Amount of Gain Recognized in Income

Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net	$	(1)	$	—	$	2	$	—

Cross-currency swaps	Interest expense, net	102		(13)		(14)		(11)

Over the next 12 months, we expect a gain of $1 million pertaining to cash flow hedges to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings, related to our interest rate swaps.

Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Cash Flow or Net Investment Hedges

We periodically enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to reduce market risk and hedge our balance sheet exposures and cash flows for subsidiaries with exposures denominated in currencies different from the functional currency of the relevant subsidiary. These contracts have not been designated as hedges and all gains and losses are marked to market through other expense (income), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Fair value gains and losses of derivative contracts, as determined using Level 2 inputs, that have not been designated for hedge accounting treatment are recorded in earnings as follows:


Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments under ASC 815	Location of Loss (Gain) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025		2024		2025		2024

Foreign currency forward contracts	Other expense (income), net	$	2	$	—	$	(20)	$	(4)

(17) SEGMENTS

The Company identifies an operating segment as a component: (i) that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; (ii) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and (iii) that has available discrete financial information.

We have two operating segments, which are also our reportable segments: Performance Coatings and Mobility Coatings. The CODM reviews financial information at the operating segment level to allocate resources and to assess the operating results and financial performance for each operating segment. Our CODM is identified as the Chief Executive Officer because he has final authority over performance assessment and resource allocation decisions. Our segments are based on the type and concentration of customers served, service requirements, methods of distribution and major product lines.

Through our Performance Coatings segment, we provide high-quality liquid and powder coatings solutions to both large regional and global original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and to a fragmented and local customer base. These customers comprise independent or multi-shop operator body shops as well as a wide variety of industrial manufacturers. We are one of only a few suppliers with the technology to provide precise color matching and highly durable coatings systems. The end-markets and reporting units within this segment are refinish and industrial.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

Through our Mobility Coatings segment, we provide coatings technologies for light vehicle and commercial vehicle OEMs. These global customers are faced with evolving megatrends in electrification, sustainability, personalization and autonomous driving that require a high level of technical expertise. The OEMs require efficient, environmentally responsible coatings systems that can be applied with a high degree of precision, consistency and speed. The end-markets and reporting units within this segment are light vehicle and commercial vehicle.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by our CODM to evaluate financial performance of the operating segments and allocate resources and is therefore our measure of segment profitability in accordance with GAAP under ASC 280, Segment Reporting. Asset information is not reviewed or included with our internal management reporting. Therefore, we have not disclosed asset information for each reportable segment. The following tables present relevant information of our reportable segments.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net sales (1):
Refinish	$	517	$	554	$	1,542	$	1,619
Industrial	311		323		944		993
Total Net sales Performance Coatings	828		877		2,486		2,612
Light Vehicle	364		340		1,066		1,036
Commercial Vehicle	96		103		303		317
Total Net sales Mobility Coatings	460		443		1,369		1,353
Total Net sales	$	1,288	$	1,320	$	3,855	$	3,965
Segment Adjusted EBITDA:
Performance Coatings	211		221		608		640
Mobility Coatings	83		70		248		201
Total	$	294	$	291	$	856	$	841

					September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates:
Performance Coatings					$	2	$	2
Mobility Coatings					10		9
Total					$	12	$	11

(1)The Company has no intercompany sales between segments.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

The following tables reconcile net sales to Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Performance Coatings		Mobility Coatings		Total		Performance Coatings		Mobility Coatings		Total
Net sales	$	828	$	460	$	1,288	$	2,486	$	1,369	$	3,855
Segment cost of goods sold (1)	440		295		735		1,331		879		2,210
Other segment items (2)	177		82		259		547		242		789

Segment Adjusted EBITDA	$	211	$	83	$	294	$	608	$	248	$	856


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Performance Coatings		Mobility Coatings		Total		Performance Coatings		Mobility Coatings		Total
Net sales	$	877	$	443	$	1,320	$	2,612	$	1,353	$	3,965
Segment cost of goods sold (1)	461		290		751		1,400		903		2,303
Other segment items (2)	195		83		278		572		249		821

Segment Adjusted EBITDA	$	221	$	70	$	291	$	640	$	201	$	841

(1) Certain amounts included in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations are excluded from Segment cost of goods sold regularly provided to the CODM.

(2) Other segment items for both segments include certain cost of goods sold not regularly provided to the CODM, selling, general and administrative expenses, other operating charges, research and development expenses, and other expense (income), net. Certain amounts included in Segment cost of goods sold, including depreciation, are excluded from Segment Adjusted EBITDA and are adjusted for in other segment items.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

The following table reconciles Segment Adjusted EBITDA to income before income taxes for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Segment Adjusted EBITDA (1):
Performance Coatings	$	211	$	221	$	608	$	640
Mobility Coatings	83		70		248		201
Total	294		291		856		841
Interest expense, net	45		54		134		158
Depreciation and amortization	74		71		218		207
Debt extinguishment and refinancing-related costs (a)	—		—		—		3
Termination benefits and other employee-related costs (b)	2		11		22		67
Acquisition-related costs (c)	5		4		11		8
Site closure costs (d)	1		—		6		1

Foreign exchange remeasurement losses (e)	4		—		11		8
Long-term employee benefit plan adjustments (f)	3		3		9		8
Stock-based compensation (g)	6		7		19		21





Environmental charge (h)	2		—		2		4
Other adjustments (i)	(3)		(1)		(3)		(1)
Income before income taxes	$	155	$	142	$	427	$	357


(1)			The primary measure of segment operating performance is Segment Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and select other items impacting operating results. These other items impacting operating results are items that management has concluded are (i) non-cash items included within net income, (ii) items the Company does not believe are indicative of ongoing operating performance or (iii) non-recurring, unusual or infrequent items that have not occurred within the last two years or the Company believes are not reasonably likely to recur within the next two years. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is a key metric that is used by management to evaluate business performance in comparison to budgets, forecasts and prior year financial results, providing a measure that management believes reflects the Company's core operating performance, which represents Segment EBITDA adjusted for the select items referred to above.

(a)			Represents expenses and associated changes to estimates related to the prepayment, restructuring, and refinancing of our indebtedness, which are not considered indicative of our ongoing operating performance.

(b)			Represents expenses and associated changes to estimates related to employee termination benefits, consulting, legal and other employee-related costs associated with restructuring programs and other employee-related costs. These amounts are not considered indicative of our ongoing operating performance.

(c)			Represents acquisition-related diligence expenses associated with both consummated and unconsummated transactions, all of which are not considered indicative of our ongoing operating performance.

(d)			Represents costs related to the closure of certain manufacturing sites, which we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance.

(e)			Represents foreign exchange losses resulting from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, net of the impacts of our foreign currency instruments used to hedge our balance sheet exposures.

(f)			Represents the non-cash, non-service cost components of long-term employee benefit costs.



(g)			Represents non-cash impacts associated with stock-based compensation.











(h)			Represents costs related to certain environmental remediation activities, which are not considered indicative of our ongoing operating performance.

(i)			Represents costs for certain non-operational or non-cash gains, net, unrelated to our core business and which we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

Geographic Area Information:

The following tables provide disaggregated information related to our net sales and long-lived assets.

Net sales by region were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
North America	$	444	$	516	$	1,363	$	1,525
EMEA	455		430		1,370		1,351
Asia Pacific	223		212		657		621
Latin America (1)	166		162		465		468

Total (2)	$	1,288	$	1,320	$	3,855	$	3,965

Net long-lived assets by region were as follows:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024

North America	$	561	$	539
EMEA	407		362
Asia Pacific	185		185
Latin America (1)	126		95
Total (3)	$	1,279	$	1,181

(1)Includes Mexico.

(2)Net sales are attributed to countries based on the customer's location. Net sales to customers in China represented approximately 12%, 11%, 11% and 10% of the total net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Net sales to customers in Germany represented approximately 7% of the total for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Net sales to customers in Mexico represented approximately 6% of the total for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 7% of the total for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net sales to customers in Canada, which is included in the North America region, represented approximately 3% of the total for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

(3)Long-lived assets consist of property, plant and equipment, net. Germany long-lived assets amounted to approximately $227 million and $204 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. China long-lived assets amounted to approximately $156 million at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Mexico long-lived assets amounted to approximately $85 million and $63 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Canada long-lived assets, which are included in the North America region, amounted to approximately $6 million at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(In millions, unless otherwise noted)

(18) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS


	Unrealized Currency Translation Adjustments		Pension Plan Adjustments		Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivatives		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 31, 2024	$	(517)	$	(64)	$	(1)	$	(582)
Current year deferrals to AOCI	66		—		—		66
Reclassifications from AOCI to Net income	(5)		1		—		(4)
Net Change	61		1		—		62
Balance, March 31, 2025	(456)		(63)		(1)		(520)
Current year deferrals to AOCI	140		—		—		140
Reclassifications from AOCI to Net income	(4)		1		—		(3)
Net Change	136		1		—		137
Balance, June 30, 2025	(320)		(62)		(1)		(383)
Current year deferrals to AOCI	2		—		1		3
Reclassifications from AOCI to Net income	(4)		—		—		(4)
Net Change	(2)		—		1		(1)
Balance, September 30, 2025	$	(322)	$	(62)	$	—	$	(384)

The cumulative income tax benefit related to the adjustments for foreign exchange at September 30, 2025 was $7 million. The cumulative income tax benefit related to the adjustments for pension benefits at September 30, 2025 was $26 million. The cumulative income tax expense related to the adjustments for the unrealized loss on derivatives at September 30, 2025 was immaterial. See Note 16 for classification within the condensed consolidated statements of operations of the gains and losses on derivatives reclassified from AOCI.


	Unrealized Currency Translation Adjustments		Pension Plan Adjustments		Unrealized Loss on Derivatives		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	(374)	$	(70)	$	—	$	(444)
Current year deferrals to AOCI	(41)		—		—		(41)
Reclassifications from AOCI to Net income	(4)		1		—		(3)
Net Change	(45)		1		—		(44)
Balance, March 31, 2024	(419)		(69)		—		(488)
Current year deferrals to AOCI	(26)		—		—		(26)
Reclassifications from AOCI to Net income	(4)		1		—		(3)
Net Change	(30)		1		—		(29)
Balance, June 30, 2024	(449)		(68)		—		(517)
Current year deferrals to AOCI	80		—		(2)		78
Reclassifications from AOCI to Net income	(3)		—		—		(3)
Net Change	77		—		(2)		75
Balance, September 30, 2024	$	(372)	$	(68)	$	(2)	$	(442)

The cumulative income tax benefit related to the adjustments for pension benefits at September 30, 2024 was $3 million. The cumulative income tax benefit related to the adjustments for pension benefits at September 30, 2024 was $29 million. The cumulative income tax expense related to the adjustments for the unrealized gain on derivatives at September 30, 2024 was immaterial. See Note 16 for classification within the condensed consolidated statements of operations of the gains and losses on derivatives reclassified from AOCI.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the condensed notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Many statements made in the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical fact, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of federal securities laws and should be evaluated as such. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business plan, strategies and capital structure. These statements often include words such as “expect,” “expected,” “believe,” “intended,” “estimate,” “estimated,” “designed to,” “likely”, “could,” “would,” “may,” “will,” “future,” “plans,” and “potential,” and the negative of these words or other comparable or similar terminology. We base these forward-looking statements or projections on our current expectations, plans and assumptions that we have made in light of our experience in the industry, as well as our perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances and at such time. As you read and consider this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results. The forward-looking statements and projections are subject to and involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, economic, competitive, governmental, including related to any new or existing tariffs imposed by the U.S. and retaliatory actions from other countries, geopolitical and technological factors outside of our control, as well as risks related to the execution of, and assumptions underlying, our capital allocation strategy and future share repurchases, the 2024 Transformation Initiative, and our previously-announced three-year 2024-2026 strategy, that may cause our business, industry, strategy, financing activities or actual results to differ materially. The timing and amount of share repurchases (if any) will be determined by us based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors and our stated plans do not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. More information on potential factors that could affect our financial results is available in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 as well as “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and in other documents that we have filed with, or furnished to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements or projections. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements and projections are based on reasonable assumptions at the time they are made, you should be aware that many factors, including, but not limited to, those described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, could affect our actual financial results or results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements and projections.

These forward-looking statements should not be construed by you to be exhaustive and are made only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

We use our investor relations page at ir.axalta.com as a means of disclosing material information to the public in a broad, non-exclusionary manner for purposes of the SEC’s Regulation Fair Disclosure (or Reg. FD). Investors should routinely monitor that site, in addition to our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts, as information posted on that page could be deemed to be material information.

OVERVIEW

We are a leading global manufacturer, marketer and distributor of high-performance coatings systems and products. We have over a 150-year heritage in the coatings industry and are known for manufacturing high-quality products with well-recognized brands supported by market-leading technology and customer service. Our diverse global footprint of 42 manufacturing facilities, four technology centers, 46 customer training centers and approximately 12,600 team members, inclusive of team members added from recent acquisitions, allows us to meet the needs of customers in over 140 countries. We serve our customer base through an extensive sales force and technical support organization, as well as through approximately 5,000 independent, locally based distributors.

We operate our business in two operating segments, Performance Coatings and Mobility Coatings. Our segments are based on the type and concentration of customers served, service requirements, methods of distribution and major product lines.

Through our Performance Coatings segment, we provide high-quality sustainable liquid and powder coating solutions to both large regional and global customers and to a fragmented and local customer base. These customers comprise, among others, independent or multi-shop operator body shops as well as a wide variety of industrial manufacturers. We are one of only a few suppliers with the technology to provide precise color matching and highly durable coatings systems. The end-markets within this segment are refinish and industrial.

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Through our Mobility Coatings segment, we provide coatings technologies for light vehicle and commercial vehicle OEMs. These global customers are faced with evolving megatrends in electrification, sustainability, personalization and autonomous driving that require a high level of technical expertise. The OEMs require efficient, environmentally responsible coatings systems that can be applied with a high degree of precision, consistency and speed. The end-markets within this segment are light vehicle and commercial vehicle.

BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS

General Business Highlights

Our net sales decreased 2.8%, including an offsetting 0.2% benefit from favorable foreign currency translation, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decreased net sales were driven by lower sales volumes of 3.8%, partially offset by contributions of 0.7% from the acquisition of The CoverFlexx Group completed in July 2024 (the “CoverFlexx Acquisition”) and higher average selling prices and favorable product mix of 0.1%. The following trends impacted our segment net sales performance for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

•Performance Coatings: Net sales decreased 4.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decreased net sales were driven by lower sales volumes of 5.2% and furthered by lower average selling prices and unfavorable product mix of 1.4%, partially offset by contributions of 1.1% from the CoverFlexx Acquisition and favorable foreign currency translation of 0.7% driven by favorable fluctuations of the Euro, partially offset by unfavorable fluctuations of the Mexican Peso, in each case compared to the U.S. Dollar.

•Mobility Coatings: Net sales increased 1.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increased net sales were driven by higher average selling prices and favorable product mix of 3.2%, partially offset by lower sales volumes of 1.1% and unfavorable foreign currency translation of 0.9% driven by unfavorable fluctuations of the Mexican Peso and Brazilian Real, partially offset by favorable fluctuations of the Euro, in each case compared to the U.S. Dollar.

Our business serves four end-markets globally with net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, as follows:


(In millions)	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024		Nine Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		% change		2025		2024		% change
Performance Coatings
Refinish	$	517	$	554	(6.7)	%	$	1,542	$	1,619	(4.7)	%
Industrial	311		323		(3.8)	%	944		993		(5.0)	%
Total Net sales Performance Coatings	828		877		(5.6)	%	2,486		2,612		(4.8)	%
Mobility Coatings
Light Vehicle	364		340		7.1	%	1,066		1,036		2.9	%
Commercial Vehicle	96		103		(6.5)	%	303		317		(4.4)	%
Total Net sales Mobility Coatings	460		443		4.0	%	1,369		1,353		1.2	%
Total Net sales	$	1,288	$	1,320	(2.4)	%	$	3,855	$	3,965	(2.8)	%

2024 Transformation Initiative

During February 2024, we announced the 2024 Transformation Initiative intended to simplify the Company’s organizational structure and enable us to be more proactive, responsive, and agile and to better serve our customers and to lower our cost base and improve financial performance and generate greater cash flows. See “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” and Note 4 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Capital and Liquidity Highlights

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we repurchased 5.3 million shares of our common stock for total consideration of $165 million pursuant to our share repurchase program, authorized by our Board of Directors. See Part II, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we prepaid $10 million of the outstanding principal amount of the 2029 Dollar Term Loans. See Note 15 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

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FACTORS AFFECTING OUR OPERATING RESULTS

There have been no changes in the factors affecting our operating results previously disclosed under such heading in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our historical results of operations summarized and analyzed below may not necessarily reflect what will occur in the future.

Net sales


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change		2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Net sales	$	1,288	$	1,320	$	(32)	(2.4)	%	$	3,855	$	3,965	$	(110)	(2.8)	%
Volume effect							(4.2)	%							(3.8)	%
Price/Mix effect							(0.3)	%							0.1	%
Exchange rate effect							2.1	%							0.2	%
Impact of CoverFlexx							—	%							0.7	%

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024


Net sales decreased primarily due to the following:
n Lower sales volumes driven primarily by Performance Coatings
n Unfavorable geographic and product mix, partially offset by positive price actions
Partially offset by:
n Favorable impacts of currency translation driven by fluctuations of the Euro compared to the U.S. Dollar

Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024


Net sales decreased primarily due to the following:
n Lower sales volumes driven primarily by Performance Coatings
Partially offset by:
n Contributions from the CoverFlexx Acquisition
n Favorable impacts of currency translation driven by fluctuations of the Euro, partially offset by the Mexican Peso, in each case compared to the U.S. Dollar
n Higher average selling prices and favorable product mix driven by Mobility Coatings

Cost of sales


	Three Months Ended September 30,						2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,						2025 vs 2024
	2025			2024			$ Change		% Change		2025			2024			$ Change		% Change

Cost of sales	$	838		$	858		$	(20)	(2.3)	%	$	2,515		$	2,614		$	(99)	(3.8)	%





% of net sales	65.1		%	65.0		%					65.2		%	65.9		%

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024


Cost of sales decreased primarily due to the following:
n Lower sales volumes driven by Performance Coatings

n Lower operating expenses
n Lower variable input costs
Partially offset by:
n Unfavorable impacts of currency translation of 1.9% driven by fluctuations of the Euro compared to the U.S. Dollar
Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales increased primarily due to the following:
n Less effective coverage of fixed costs as a result of lower sales volumes
Partially offset by:

n Lower operating expenses
n Lower variable input costs

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Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024


Cost of sales decreased primarily due to the following:

n Lower sales volumes driven by Performance Coatings, partially offset by contributions from the CoverFlexx Acquisition
n Decreased costs of $11 million related to our multi-year ERP system implementation and productivity programs
n Lower operating expenses
n Lower variable input costs
n Impacts of currency translation were immaterial compared to the prior year period
Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales decreased primarily due to the following:
n Decreased costs of $11 million related to our multi-year ERP system implementation and productivity programs
n Lower operating expenses
n Lower variable input costs

Selling, general and administrative expenses


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change		2025		2024		$ Change		% Change

Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	197	$	211	$	(14)	(6.6)	%	$	607	$	631	$	(24)	(3.8)	%

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024


Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased primarily due to the following:
n Lower operating expenses, inclusive of incentive compensation and contributions from savings initiatives

Partially offset by:
n Unfavorable impacts of currency translation of 2.7% driven by fluctuations of the Euro compared to the U.S. Dollar

Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024


Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased primarily due to the following:
n Lower operating expenses, inclusive of incentive compensation and contributions from savings initiatives

Partially offset by:
n Unfavorable impacts of currency translation of 0.8% due primarily to fluctuations of the Euro, partially offset by fluctuations of the Mexican Peso, in each case compared to the U.S. Dollar
n Contributions from the CoverFlexx Acquisition

Other operating charges


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change		2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Other operating charges	$	6	$	15	$	(9)	(60.0)	%	$	32	$	78	$	(46)	(59.0)	%

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024


Other operating charges decreased primarily due to the following:
n Decrease of $9 million in termination benefits and other employee-related costs primarily as a result of higher costs associated with the 2024 Transformation Initiative in the prior year period
n $5 million of gains from the sale of previously closed manufacturing facilities
Partially offset by:

n Increase of $2 million from environmental remediation costs

Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024


Other operating charges decreased primarily due to the following:
n Decrease of $45 million in termination benefits and other employee-related costs primarily as a result of significantly higher costs associated with the 2024 Transformation Initiative in the prior year period
n $5 million of gains from the sale of previously closed manufacturing facilities

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Research and development expenses


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change		2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Research and development expenses	$	18	$	19	$	(1)	(5.3)	%	$	55	$	55	$	—	—	%

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024


n Research and development expenses remained generally consistent and impacts of currency translation were immaterial compared to the prior year periods

Amortization of acquired intangibles


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change		2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Amortization of acquired intangibles	$	25	$	24	$	1	4.2	%	$	73	$	68	$	5	7.4	%

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024



n Amortization of acquired intangibles remained generally consistent and impacts of currency translation were immaterial compared to the prior year period

Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024


Amortization of acquired intangibles increased due to the following:
n Increased amortization of $5 million associated with assets acquired in the past 12 months


n Impacts of currency translation were immaterial compared to the prior year period

Interest expense, net


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change		2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Interest expense, net	$	45	$	54	$	(9)	(16.7)	%	$	134	$	158	$	(24)	(15.2)	%

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024


Interest expense, net decreased primarily due to the following:
n Favorable impact of $6 million attributable to lower principal and decreased variable interest rate on our 2029 Dollar Term Loans
n Favorable impact of $2 million attributable to borrowings against our Revolving Credit Facility in the prior year period

Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024


Interest expense, net decreased primarily due to the following:
n Favorable impact of $20 million attributable to lower principal and decreased variable interest rate on our 2029 Dollar Term Loans

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Other expense (income), net


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change		2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Other expense (income), net	$	4	$	(3)	$	7	233.3	%	$	12	$	4	$	8	200.0	%

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024


Other expense (income), net increased primarily due to the following:
n Unfavorable impact of foreign exchange losses of $4 million compared to the prior year period
n Decreased miscellaneous income of $3 million compared to the prior year period

Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024


Other expense (income), net increased primarily due to the following:
n Decreased miscellaneous income of $8 million compared to the prior year period
n Unfavorable impact of foreign exchange losses of $3 million compared to the prior year period
Partially offset by:
n $3 million debt extinguishment and refinancing-related costs recognized in the prior year period as part of the repricing of our 2029 Dollar Term Loans

Provision for income taxes


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Income before income taxes	$	155		$	142		$	427		$	357
Provision for income taxes	45			40			108			103
Statutory income tax rate (1)	15.0		%	21.0		%	15.0		%	21.0		%
Effective tax rate	29.2		%	28.6		%	25.3		%	28.9		%
Effective tax rate vs. statutory income tax rate	14.2		%	7.6		%	10.3		%	7.9		%

(1) The Government of Bermuda enacted the Bermuda Corporate Income Tax Act 2023 (“Bermuda CITA”), which imposes a 15% corporate income tax effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. Prior to January 1, 2025, Bermuda did not impose a corporate income tax rate. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the statutory income tax rate reflects the Bermuda statutory income tax rate. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the statutory income tax rate reflects the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate.


	(Favorable) Unfavorable Impact
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Items impacting the effective tax rate vs. statutory income tax rate (1)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Earnings generated in jurisdictions where the income tax rate is different from the statutory rate (2)	$	4	$	(2)	$	9	$	(17)
Changes in valuation allowance (3) (4) (5)	9		(30)		60		—
Foreign exchange losses, net	1		7		(6)		(1)
Non-deductible expenses and interest	3		2		6		4
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits (4)	7		7		(31)		11
Other - net (5)	(5)		24		(5)		22

(1) The Government of Bermuda enacted the Bermuda CITA, which imposes a 15% corporate income tax effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. Prior to January 1, 2025, Bermuda did not impose a corporate income tax rate. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the statutory income tax rate reflects the Bermuda statutory income tax rate. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the statutory income tax rate reflects the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate.

(2) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, earnings generated in jurisdictions where the statutory rate is different from the Bermuda rate is primarily related to earnings in Brazil, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, earnings generated in jurisdictions where the statutory rate is different from the U.S. federal rate is primarily related to earnings in Bermuda, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland.

(3) Changes in valuation allowance primarily relate to operations in Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

(4) During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $35 million in the Netherlands due to the expiration of statute of limitations, which was fully offset by tax expense of $35 million for an increase to the valuation allowance.

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(5) The activity during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, includes a $26 million unfavorable impact related to the write off of an expired Netherlands net operating loss carryforward, which was fully offset by tax benefit of $26 million for a decrease to the valuation allowance.

SEGMENT RESULTS

The Company's products and operations are managed and reported in two operating segments: Performance Coatings and Mobility Coatings. See Note 17 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Performance Coatings Segment


	Three Months Ended September 30,						2025 vs 2024				Nine Months Ended September 30,						2025 vs 2024
	2025			2024			$ Change		% Change		2025			2024			$ Change		% Change
Net sales	$	828		$	877		$	(49)	(5.6)	%	$	2,486		$	2,612		$	(126)	(4.8)	%
Volume effect									(5.7)	%									(5.2)	%
Price/Mix effect									(2.4)	%									(1.4)	%
Exchange rate effect									2.5	%									0.7	%
Impact of CoverFlexx									—	%									1.1	%

Adjusted EBITDA	$	211		$	221		$	(10)	(4.8)	%	$	608		$	640		$	(32)	(5.0)	%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin	25.5		%	25.3		%					24.5		%	24.5		%

Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024


Net sales decreased primarily due to the following:
n Lower sales volumes across both end-markets due primarily to unfavorable macro trends in North America and lower body shop activity
n Unfavorable geographic and product mix, partially offset by positive price actions
Partially offset by:
n Favorable impacts of currency translation due primarily to fluctuations of the Euro compared to the U.S. Dollar


Adjusted EBITDA decreased primarily due to the following:

n Lower sales volumes across both end-markets due primarily to unfavorable macro trends in North America and lower body shop activity
n Unfavorable geographic and product mix, partially offset by positive price actions

Partially offset by:
n Decreased operating expenses, inclusive of incentive compensation and contributions from savings initiatives
n Decreased variable input costs
n Favorable impacts of currency translation due primarily to fluctuations of the Euro, compared to the U.S. Dollar

Adjusted EBITDA margin improved primarily due to:
n Decreased operating expenses, inclusive of incentive compensation and contributions from savings initiatives
n Decreased variable input costs


Partially offset by:
n Lower sales volumes across both end-markets due primarily to lower body shop activity and unfavorable macro trends in North America
n Unfavorable geographic and product mix

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Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024


Net sales decreased primarily due to the following:
n Lower sales volumes across both end-markets due primarily to unfavorable macro trends in North America and lower body shop activity

n Unfavorable geographic and product mix, partially offset by positive price actions

Partially offset by:
n Contributions from the CoverFlexx Acquisition
n Favorable impacts of currency translation due primarily to fluctuations of the Euro, partially offset by fluctuations of the Mexican Peso, in each case, compared to the U.S. Dollar


Adjusted EBITDA decreased primarily due to the following:
n Lower sales volumes across both end-markets due primarily to unfavorable macro trends in North America and lower body shop activity
n Unfavorable geographic and product mix, partially offset by positive price actions

Partially offset by:
n Decreased operating expenses, inclusive of incentive compensation and contributions from savings initiatives
n Decreased variable input costs
n Decreased costs of $7 million related to our multi-year ERP system implementation and productivity programs compared to the prior year period

n Contributions from the CoverFlexx Acquisition
Adjusted EBITDA margin remained flat primarily due to:
n Decreased operating expenses, inclusive of incentive compensation and contributions from savings initiatives
n Decreased variable input costs
n Decreased costs of $7 million related to our multi-year ERP system implementation and productivity programs compared to the prior year period
Partially offset by:
n Lower sales volumes across both end-markets due primarily to lower body shop activity and unfavorable macro trends in North America
n Unfavorable geographic and product mix

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Mobility Coatings Segment


	Three Months Ended September 30,				2025 vs 2024			Nine Months Ended September 30,		2025 vs 2024
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change	2025	2024	$ Change	% Change
Net sales	$	460	$	443	$	17

Axalta Coating Systems Ltd. 10-Q