false FY 0001288855 http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025#DomesticCountryMember http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025#DomesticCountryMember 0001288855 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 2025-06-30 0001288855 2026-02-26 0001288855 2025-12-31 0001288855 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SeriesBConvertiblePreferredStockMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PreferredStockMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:OptimumBankMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:OptimumHUDLoansLLCMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LoanMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LoanMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:UnfundedLoanCommitmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:UnfundedLoanCommitmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:TaxableMunicipalBondsMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:TaxableMunicipalBondsMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:TaxableMunicipalBondsMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:TaxableMunicipalBondsMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:TaxableMunicipalBondsMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:TaxableMunicipalBondsMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancingReceivables30To59DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancingReceivables60To89DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancingReceivablesEqualToGreaterThan90DaysPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancialAssetPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FinancialAssetNotPastDueMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:ResidentialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember OPHC:MultiFamilyRealEstateMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:CommercialRealEstatePortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:ConstructionLoansMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:PassMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SpecialMentionMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SubstandardMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:DoubtfulMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:LossMember us-gaap:ConsumerPortfolioSegmentMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:LoansMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:LoansMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FurnitureAndFixturesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:LeaseholdImprovementsMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 srt:MinimumMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 srt:MinimumMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesMember OPHC:MaturityDateOneMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesMember OPHC:MaturityDateOneMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesOneMember OPHC:MaturityDateTwoMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesOneMember OPHC:MaturityDateTwoMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesOneMember OPHC:MaturityDateThreeMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesOneMember OPHC:MaturityDateThreeMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesOneMember OPHC:MaturityDateFourMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesOneMember OPHC:MaturityDateFourMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FederalHomeLoanBankAdvancesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:FederalHomeLoanBankMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CarryingReportedAmountFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:EstimateOfFairValueFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CarryingReportedAmountFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:EstimateOfFairValueFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CarryingReportedAmountFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:EstimateOfFairValueFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CarryingReportedAmountFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:EstimateOfFairValueFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CarryingReportedAmountFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:EstimateOfFairValueFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CarryingReportedAmountFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:EstimateOfFairValueFairValueDisclosureMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CommitmentsToExtendCreditMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:UnusedLinesOfCreditMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:StandbyLettersOfCreditMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 srt:DirectorMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 srt:DirectorMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:RelatedPartyMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:RelatedPartyMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:TwoThousandEighteenEquityIncentivePlanMember 2025-12-30 0001288855 OPHC:TwoThousandEighteenEquityIncentivePlanMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:TwoThousandEighteenEquityIncentivePlanMember srt:MaximumMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 srt:DirectorMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:EmployeesMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 srt:DirectorMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:EmployeesMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:TaxableMunicipalSecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member OPHC:TaxableMunicipalSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member OPHC:TaxableMunicipalSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member OPHC:TaxableMunicipalSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member OPHC:SBAPoolSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:CollateralizedMortgageObligationsMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 OPHC:TaxableMunicipalSecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member OPHC:TaxableMunicipalSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member OPHC:TaxableMunicipalSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member OPHC:TaxableMunicipalSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:MortgageBackedSecuritiesMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel1Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel3Member us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2025-12-31 0001288855 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2024-12-31 0001288855 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001288855 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001288855 srt:ParentCompanyMember 2023-12-31 0001288855 us-gaap:SeriesBPreferredStockMember 2025-10-01 0001288855 us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2024-03-08 2024-03-08 0001288855 us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2024-03-08 0001288855 us-gaap:CommonStockMember 2025-10-07 2025-10-07 0001288855 us-gaap:SeriesCPreferredStockMember 2025-10-07 2025-10-07 0001288855 OPHC:ATMProgramMember 2024-08-09 2024-08-09 0001288855 OPHC:ATMProgramMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 iso4217:USD xbrli:shares iso4217:USD xbrli:shares xbrli:pure OPHC:Integer

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-42447

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida

55-0865043

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

2929 East Commercial Blvd. Suite 303, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (954) 900-2800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share		OPHC		NYSE American

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐		Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒		Smaller reporting company ☒

		Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant 10,114,990 shares on June 30, 2025, was approximately $45,211,768, computed by reference to the closing market price at $4.47 per share as of June 30, 2025. For purposes of this information, the outstanding shares of common stock beneficially owned by directors and executive officers of the registrant were deemed to be shares of common stock held by affiliates.

The number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant outstanding as of February 26, 2026 was 12,166,437 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the issuer’s fiscal year end are incorporated by reference into Part III, Items 10 through 14, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

PART I	1
Item 1. Business	1
Item 1A. Risk Factors	9
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments	9
Item 1C. Cybersecurity	10
Item 2. Properties	11
Item 3. Legal Proceedings	11
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure	12

PART II	12
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	12
Item 6. [Reserved]	12
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	12
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	12
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	25
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	59
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures	59
Item 9B. Other Information	59
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	59

PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	60
Item 11. Executive Compensation	60
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	60
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	60
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services	60

PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	61
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary	61
SIGNATURES	62

PART I

Item 1. Business

Forward-Looking Statements

We have made forward-looking statements in this Annual Report about the financial condition, results of operations, and business of our company. These statements are not historical facts and include expressions concerning the future that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements include, among other things, the following possibilities:

	●	general economic conditions, either nationally or regionally, that are less favorable than expected resulting in, among other things, a deterioration in credit quality and an increase in credit risk-related losses and expenses;

	●	changes in the interest rate environment that reduce margins;

	●	competitive pressure in the banking industry that increases significantly;

	●	changes that occur in the regulatory environment; and

	●	changes that occur in business conditions and the rate of inflation.

When used in this Annual Report, the words “believes,” “estimates,” “plans,” “expects,” “should,” “may,” “might,” “outlook,” and “anticipates,” as well as similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

General

OptimumBank Holdings, Inc. is a Florida corporation (the “Company”) formed in 2004 as a bank holding company for OptimumBank (the “Bank”). The Company’s only business is the ownership and operation of the Bank. The Bank is a Florida state-chartered bank established in 2000, with deposits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Bank offers a variety of commercial banking services to individual and corporate customers through its headquarters and two branch offices located in Broward County, and one branch office in Miami Dade County, Florida.

The Company is subject to the supervision and regulation of The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). The Bank is subject to the supervision and regulation of the State of Florida Office of Financial Regulation (“OFR”) and the FDIC. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had total assets of $1.1 billion, net loans of $947.3 million, total deposits of $931.8 million and stockholders’ equity of $121.9 million. During 2025, the Company had a net income of $16.6 million.

Banking Products

The Bank’s revenues are primarily derived from interest and fees received in connection with, real estate and other loans, interest from securities and short-term investments, and service charges on payment transactions. The principal sources of funds for the Bank’s lending activities are deposits, borrowings, repayment of loans, and the repayment, or maturity of securities. The Bank’s principal expenses are the interest paid on deposits, and operating and general administrative expenses.

As is the case with banking institutions generally, the Bank’s operations are materially and significantly influenced by general economic conditions and by related monetary and fiscal policies of financial institution regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve and the FDIC. Deposit flows and costs of funds are influenced by interest rates on competing investments and general market rates of interest. Lending activities are affected by the demand for financing of real estate and other types of loans, which in turn is affected by the interest rates at which such financing may be offered and other factors affecting local demand and availability of funds. The Bank faces strong competition attracting deposits (its primary source of lendable funds) and originating loans.

The Bank provides a range of consumer and commercial banking services to individuals and businesses. The basic services offered include demand interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing accounts, money market deposit accounts, NOW accounts, time deposits, wire transfers, ACH services, Visa debit and ATM cards, cash management, direct deposits, notary services, money orders, night depositories, cashier’s checks, domestic collections, and banking by mail. The Bank provides ATM cards and Visa debit cards, as a part of the Star, Presto and Cirrus networks, thereby permitting customers to utilize the convenience of ATMs worldwide. In December 2022, the Bank began participating as a member of the IntraFi Network, which is the largest provider of reciprocal deposits. With IntraFi’s reciprocal deposit services, the Bank can offer depositors access to FDIC insurance for an unlimited amount, well beyond the standard maximum of $250,000 for funds placed into demand deposit accounts, money market deposit accounts, or CDs. The Bank does not have trust powers and provides no trust services. The Bank makes multi-family real estate loans, residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, land and construction, and consumer loans. The Bank offers business lending lines for working capital needs. Growing businesses can use the loans to expand inventory, take discounts, offset receivables, or establish new structured financing and repayment plans that are consistent with the cash flow of the business. The Bank provides U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) guaranteed loans to small and middle market businesses. The Bank achieved SBA preferred lender status on February 18, 2025.

Operating and Business Strategy

Our key strategic initiatives are designed to generate continued growth in earning assets, core transaction deposits, treasury management and other fee income, while operating with an efficient cost. Continued emphasis on expansion of our South Florida customer base and exploring additional niche lines of business are also part of our strategic plan. We believe providing our clients with reasonable solutions that meet their business and personal needs fosters stability in our client base, builds full-service banking relationships, and allows for profitable growth that enhances shareholder returns. We intend to deliver the solutions to clients in a very personalized manner while investing in talent and leveraging modern technology to facilitate efficiency and decrease client pain points while enhancing our competitiveness.

On the loan side, management has implemented initiatives that have enabled us to grow our loan portfolio primarily with South Florida and Florida generated relationships in the commercial real estate, owner-occupied commercial real estate, multifamily, and commercial and industrial portfolios. The Company leverages decades of Board and management experience in healthcare and specifically to skilled nursing facilities. The company provides stabilized owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied loans, as well as accounts receivable-based asset-based-lending (“ABL”) lines of credit to skilled nursing facility clients. In coordination with our Treasury Cash Management capabilities this has allowed us to expand relationships in these niche businesses to capture full relationships including the business operating accounts. Where appropriate, out of area loans will be considered, subject to proper due diligence to supplement portfolio diversification and increase interest income.

In addition, we have built capabilities in Small Business Administration (SBA) lending, entering the space in late 2023 and being designated as a Preferred Lender under the SBA’s Preferred Lenders Program (PLP) in the first quarter of 2025. Under the program the Bank offers SBA-guaranteed 7A loans generally secured by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, or real estate. diligence to further increase interest income and for portfolio diversification purposes

In late 2025, the Company formed OptimumHUD Loans, LLC (d/b/a) as OptimumFunding, LLC, a wholly owned non-bank subsidiary. When the subsidiary commences operations, it is expected to support a focused suite of financing solutions, including bridge-to Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) financing to support acquisitions, refinancing and repositioning to facilitate a transition to long-term HUD or Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) financing and FHA and HUD loan origination capability for multifamily and healthcare properties. The platform will deliver specialized expertise serving skilled nursing facilities, senior housing, and multifamily assets, building upon the Company’s established lending relationships and sector knowledge.

As to deposits, we are focused on identifying deposit-growth opportunities among our existing customer base and prospects throughout Florida and across other states within the United States. With respect to treasury management, our focus will remain on merchant cash advance providers and the related electronic funds transfer line of business. The Bank has carved out a niche in the MCA industry to provide treasury management services, including servicing of high-volumn ACH transactions to organizations with various entities. Providing these services in a seamless fashion has allowed the Bank to gather low-cost deposits while generating noninterest fee income. For this revenue source to increase further in a meaningful way, automation is necessary to further improve efficiency. We continue to invest in necessary technology and expect efficiencies to continue to occur throughout 2026.

Going forward, our strategic plan will continue to emphasize and build upon initiatives focused on strengthening credit oversight and credit administrative processes and procedures, while identifying loan growth opportunities designed to enhance overall profitability without sacrificing credit quality or underwriting standards. This strategy is supported by a risk-based, comprehensive credit culture, and a strong credit administrative infrastructure that reinforces appropriate risk management practices. We remain focused on full-service banking relationships and identifying deposit growth opportunities among our existing customer base and prospects throughout Florida, and the United States. Strengthening our core funding capabilities is foundational to supporting our growth in our targeted business and real estate markets, including our niche skilled nursing facility and merchant cash advance markets.

To support this strategy, we are investing in experienced banking talent across our business development and retail teams while modernizing our products and digital services. These initiatives include upgrading our core banking system and our online and mobile banking platforms. Together, these investments are expected to improve client experience, expand our customer base, increase balance sheet diversification, and enhance branch utilization.

Lending Activities

The Bank offers real estate, commercial and consumer loans to individuals and small businesses and other organizations that are located in or conduct a substantial portion of their business in its market area. The Bank’s primary market area consists of Broward, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Martin, and St. Lucie counties, and secondarily throughout the State of Florida. The Bank’s net loans at December 31, 2025 were $947.3 million, or 85% of total assets, and its loan to deposits ratio was 103%. During 2025 net loans increased by $152.3 million, attributed to the bank’s successful pursuit of new lending opportunities in South Florida. Loan balances increased by $180.8 million in commercial real estate loans, $17.8 million in consumer loans, and $1.7 million in multi-family loans, offset by a decrease of $41.1 million in land and construction loans, $4.6 million in commercial loans, and $46,000 in residential real estate loans. The interest rates charged on loans varied with the degree of risk, maturity, and amount of the loan, and are further subject to competitive pressures, money market rates, availability of funds, and government regulations.

The Bank’s loan portfolio is concentrated in three major areas: commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans, and consumer loans, which consist primarily of home equity lines of credit. As of December 31, 2025, 95% of the loan portfolio consisted of loans secured by mortgages on real estate, of which approximately 70% of the total loan portfolio was secured by commercial real estate properties. The real estate loans are located primarily in the counties the Bank serves in the State of Florida.

The Bank’s real estate loans are secured by mortgages and consist primarily of loans to individuals and businesses for the purchase or improvement of, or investment in, real estate. These real estate loans were made at fixed or variable interest rates and are normally variable rate mortgages which adjust annually after the initial three to five-year period of the loan. The Bank’s fixed rate loans generally are for terms of five years or less and are repayable in monthly installments based on a maximum 30-year amortization schedule.

Loan originations are derived primarily from director and employee referrals, existing customers, and direct marketing. Certain credit risks are inherent in making loans. These include prepayment risks, risks resulting from uncertainties in the future value of collateral, risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions including interest rates and risks inherent in dealing with individual borrowers. A significant portion of the Bank’s portfolio is collateralized by real estate in South Florida, which is susceptible to local economic downturns. The Bank attempts to minimize credit losses through various means. On most credits, it relies on the cash flow and assets of a debtor as the source of repayment as well as the value of the underlying collateral. The Bank also generally limits its loans to up to 80% of the value of the underlying real estate collateral. The Bank generally charges a prepayment penalty if a loan is repaid within the first two to three years of origination to recover any costs it paid for the origination of the loan.

Deposit Activities

Deposits are the major source of the Bank’s funds for lending and other investment activities. Deposits are gathered throughout Florida and across other states within the United States, through the offering of a broad variety of deposit products, including checking accounts, money-market accounts, regular savings accounts, term certificate of deposit accounts. The Company also gathers deposits via listing services. In 2025 and 2024 the Bank maintained fully FDIC-insured brokered deposits totaling $80 million and $105 million respectively. The Bank considers the majority of its regular savings, demand, NOW, money market deposit accounts and certificates of deposit under $250,000 to be core deposits. Deposits are insured up to the maximum amount allowed by law by the FDIC. The Company also facilitates depositor access to additional FDIC insurance via the IntraFi network.

Maturity terms, service fees, and withdrawal penalties are established by the Bank on a periodic basis. The determination of rates and terms is predicated on funds acquisition and liquidity requirements, market rate competition, growth goals, and federal regulations.

Investments

The Bank’s investment securities portfolio was approximately $25.2 million and $22.8 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing 2.3% and 2.5% of its total assets. At December 31, 2025, 47.7% of this portfolio was invested in mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities generally have a shorter life than the stated maturity. The Bank’s investments are managed in relation to loan demand and deposit growth, and are generally used to provide for the investment of excess funds at minimal risk levels while providing liquidity to fund increases in loan demand or to offset fluctuations in deposits.

The excess balance account is the excess cash the Bank has available over and above daily cash needs. This money is invested on an overnight basis with the Federal Reserve.

Correspondent Banking

Correspondent banking involves one bank providing services to another bank which cannot provide that service for itself from an economic or practical standpoint. The Bank is required to purchase correspondent services offered by larger banks, including check collections, purchase of federal funds, security safekeeping, investment services, coin and currency supplies.

The Bank has established a correspondent relationship with the Federal Reserve Bank. The Bank pays for such services in cash as opposed to keeping compensating balances. The Bank may sell loan participations to other banks with respect to loans which exceed its lending limit. The Bank may purchase loan participations to supplement loan demand.

Data Processing

The Bank outsources most of its data processing services, including an automated general ledger, deposit accounting, and loan sub-system.

Internet Banking

The Bank maintains a website at www.optimumbank.com where retail and business customers can access account balances, view current account activity and previous statements, view images of paid checks, transfer funds between accounts, and pay bills. The Bank offers its customers mobile access to their account information, with the option to setup alerts, and deposit checks across a broad range of phones and mobile devices, and to send and receive payments through Zelle. The Bank also offers its business customers remote deposit capture and online cash management services that include ACH origination and wire transfers using soft token technology for security.

Competition

The Bank encounters strong competition in making loans and attracting deposits. The deregulation of the banking industry and the widespread enactment of state laws which permit multi-bank holding companies as well as an increasing level of interstate banking have created a highly competitive environment for commercial banking. In one or more aspects of its business, the Bank competes with other commercial banks, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, brokerage and investment banking companies, and other financial intermediaries. Most of these competitors, some of which are affiliated with bank holding companies, have substantially greater resources and lending limits, and may offer certain services that the Bank does not currently provide. In addition, many of its non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive federal regulations that govern federally insured banks. Recent federal and state legislation has heightened the competitive environment in which financial institutions must conduct their business, and the potential for competition among financial institutions of all types has increased significantly.

To compete, the Bank relies upon specialized services, responsive handling of customer needs, and personal contacts by its officers, directors and staff. Large multi-branch banking competitors tend to compete primarily by rate and the number and location of branches while smaller, independent financial institutions tend to compete primarily by rate and personal service.

Human Capital

The Bank is committed to establishing personal relationships with its customers and providing personalized banking services that meet their specific needs. The Bank’s employees are critical to achieving this goal. It is therefore crucial that the Bank continues to attract and retain experienced and skilled employees.

As part of these efforts, the Bank seeks to offer competitive compensation and benefits, maintain a community in which all employees are empowered to perform their duties to the best of their abilities, and give employees the opportunity to contribute to the local community.

As of December 31, 2025, the Bank had 98 full-time employees, including executive officers. The Company employed one individual. These employees are not represented by a collective bargaining unit. The Bank considers its relations with its employees to be good.

Compensation and Benefits Program. The Bank’s compensation program is designed to attract and reward talented individuals who possess the skills necessary to support our business objectives, assist in the achievement of our strategic goals and create long-term value for our shareholders. The Bank provides its employees with compensation packages that include base salary and annual incentive bonuses. The Bank believes that its compensation program provides fair and competitive compensation and aligns associate and shareowner interests, including by incentivizing business and individual performance and integrating compensation with our business plans. In addition to cash compensation, the Bank also offers employees benefits such as life and health insurance, paid time off, paid parental leave and a 401(k) plan.

Community Involvement. The Bank aims to give back to the local community and believes that this commitment helps in our efforts to attract and retain employees. The Bank encourages its employees to volunteer with local service organizations and philanthropic groups.

Health and Safety. The success of the Bank’s business is fundamentally connected to the well-being of its employees. Accordingly, the Bank is committed to the health, safety and the wellness of its employees. The Bank provides employees and their families with access to a variety of flexible and convenient health and welfare programs, including benefits that support their physical and mental health by providing tools and resources to help them improve or maintain their health status; and that offer choice where possible so they can customize their benefits to meet their needs and the needs of their families.

Supervision and Regulation

Banks and their holding companies are extensively regulated under both federal and state law. The following is a brief summary of certain statutes, rules, regulations and enforcement actions affecting the Company and the Bank. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provisions referred to below and is not intended to be an exhaustive description of the statutes or regulations applicable to the business of the Company or the Bank. Supervision, regulation, and examination of banks by regulatory agencies are intended primarily for the protection of depositors, rather than shareholders.

Regulatory Matters

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action.

Management believes, as of December 31, 2025, that the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject. The Bank’s actual capital amounts and percentages are presented in the table:

						To Be Well Capitalized
						Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual					Action Regulations
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		%			Amount		%
As of December 31, 2025:
Tier 1 Capital to Total Assets	$	125,467		11.39	%	$	99,126		9.00	%

As of December 31, 2024:
Tier 1 Capital to Total Assets	$	107,112		10.91	%	$	88,381		9.00	%

Company Regulation

General. As a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the “BHCA”), the Company is subject to the regulation and supervision of, and inspection by, the Federal Reserve Board (“Federal Reserve” or “FRB”). The Company is also required to file with the Federal Reserve annual reports and other information regarding its business operations, and those of its subsidiaries. In the past, the BHCA limited the activities of bank holding companies and their subsidiaries to activities which were limited to banking, managing or controlling banks, furnishing services to or performing services for their subsidiaries or engaging in any other activity which the Federal Reserve determined to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be properly incidental thereto. Under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Modernization Act of 1999 which is discussed below, bank holding companies have the opportunity to seek broadened authority, subject to limitations on investment, to engage in activities that are “financial in nature” if all of their subsidiaries depository institutions are well capitalized, well managed, and have at least a satisfactory rating under the Community Reinvestment Act, which is also discussed below.

In this regard, the BHCA prohibits a bank holding company, with certain limited exceptions, from (i) acquiring or retaining direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the outstanding voting stock of any company which is not a bank or bank holding company, or (ii) engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks, or performing services for its subsidiaries, unless such non-banking business is determined by the FRB to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be properly incident thereto. In making such determinations, the FRB is required to weigh the expected benefit to the public, such as greater convenience, increased competition or gains in efficiency, against the possible adverse effects, such as undue concentration of resources, decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest, or unsound banking practices. Generally, bank holding companies, such as the Company, are required to obtain prior approval of the Federal Reserve to engage in any new activity not previously approved by the Federal Reserve.

Change of Control. The BHCA also requires that every bank holding company obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before it may acquire all or substantially all of the assets of any bank, or ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank, if after such acquisition it would own or control, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of the voting shares of such bank. In approving bank acquisitions by bank holding companies, the Federal Reserve is required to consider the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the bank holding company and the banks concerned, the convenience and needs of the communities to be served, including the parties’ performance under the Community Reinvestment Act (discussed below) and various competitive factors. As described in greater detail below, pursuant to the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branch Efficiency Act of 1994 (the “Interstate Banking and Branching Act”), a bank holding company is permitted to acquire banks in states other than its home state.

The BHCA further prohibits a person or group of persons from acquiring “control” of a bank holding company unless the Federal Reserve has been notified and has not objected to the transaction. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the Federal Reserve, the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting stock of a bank holding company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act would, under the circumstances set forth in the presumption, constitute acquisition of control of the bank holding company. In addition, any person or group of persons must obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve under the BHCA before acquiring 25% (5% in the case of an acquirer that is already a bank holding company) or more of the outstanding common stock of a bank holding company, or otherwise obtaining control or a “controlling influence” over the bank holding company.

Interstate Banking and Branching. The Interstate Banking and Branching Act provides for nationwide interstate banking and branching. Under the law, interstate acquisitions of banks or bank holding companies in any state by bank holding companies in any other state are permissible subject to certain limitations. Florida also has a law that allows out-of-state bank holding companies (located in states that allow Florida bank holding companies to acquire banks and bank holding companies in that state) to acquire Florida banks and Florida bank holding companies. The law essentially provides for out-of-state entry by acquisition only (and not by interstate branching) and requires the acquired Florida bank to have been in existence for at least three years. Interstate branching and consolidation of existing bank subsidiaries in different states is permissible. A Florida bank also may establish, maintain, and operate one or more branches in a state other than Florida pursuant to an interstate merger transaction in which the Florida bank is the resulting bank.

Financial Modernization. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Modernization Act of 1999 (the “GLB Act”) sought to achieve significant modernization of the federal bank regulatory framework by allowing the consolidation of banking institutions with other types of financial services firms, subject to various restrictions and requirements. In general, the GLB Act repealed most of the federal statutory barriers which separated commercial banking firms from insurance and securities firms and authorized the consolidation of such firms in a “financial services holding company.” The Bank has no current plans to utilize the structural options created by the GLB Act.

Securities Regulation and Corporate Governance. The Company’s common stock is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and we are subject to restrictions, reporting requirements and review procedures under federal securities laws and regulations. Our common stock is listed on NYSE American. As a publicly traded Company, we adhere to the corporate governance reforms enacted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and the rules of the SEC and NYSE American, stock market adopted pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Among other things, these reforms, effective as of various dates, require certification of consolidated financial statements by the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, prohibit the provision of specified services by independent auditors, require pre-approval of independent auditor services, define director independence and require certain committees, and a majority of a subject company’s board of directors, to consist of independent directors, establish additional disclosure requirements in reports filed with the SEC, require expedited filing of reports, require management evaluation and auditor attestation of internal controls, prohibit loans by the issuer (but not by certain depository institutions) to directors and officers, set record-keeping requirements, mandate complaint procedures for the reporting of accounting and audit concerns by employees, and establish penalties for non-compliance.

Bank Regulation

General. The Bank is chartered under the laws of the State of Florida, and its deposits are insured by the FDIC to the extent provided by law. The Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation, examination and supervision by the FDIC and the Florida Office of Financial Regulation (“Florida OFR”), and to other laws and regulations applicable to banks. Such regulations include limitations on loans to a single borrower and to its directors, officers and employees; limitations on the types of activities a state bank can conduct; restrictions on the opening and closing of branch offices; the maintenance of required capital ratios; the granting of credit under equal and fair conditions; and the disclosure of the costs and terms of such credit. The Bank is examined periodically by the FDIC and the Florida OFR, to whom it submits periodic reports regarding its financial condition and other matters. The FDIC and the Florida OFR have a broad range of powers to enforce regulations under their jurisdiction, and to take discretionary actions determined to be for the protection and safety and soundness of banks, including the institution of cease and desist orders and the removal of directors and officers. The FDIC and the Florida OFR also have the authority to approve or disapprove mergers, consolidations, and similar corporate actions.

Dividends. The Company has not declared or paid dividends to its stockholders. The Company’s ability to pay dividends is substantially dependent on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company. As a state-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to dividend restrictions set by Florida law, the regulations of the Florida OFR and the FDIC. Except with the prior approval of the Florida OFR, all dividends of any Florida bank must be paid out of retained net profits from the current period and the previous two years, after deducting expenses, including losses and bad debts. As of December 31, 2025, the Bank paid one-time to the Company totaled $500,000. However, under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, an FDIC-insured institution may not pay any dividend if payment would cause it to become undercapitalized or while it is undercapitalized. Further, the FDIC and the Florida OFR also have the general authority to limit the dividend payment by banks if such payment may be deemed to constitute an unsafe and unsound practice. It is likely that those agencies would view a Bank dividend which materially reduced the capital ratios of the Bank to be such an unsafe or unsound practice.

Loans to One Borrower. Florida law generally allows a state bank such as the Bank to extend credit to any one borrower (and certain related entities of such borrower) in an amount up to 25% of its capital accounts, provided that the unsecured portion may not exceed 15% of the capital accounts of the bank. Based upon the Bank’s capital, the maximum loan the Bank is currently permitted to make to any one borrower (and certain related entities of such borrower) is approximately $32.7 million, provided the unsecured portion does not exceed approximately $19.6 million.

Transactions with Affiliates. Under federal law, federally insured banks are subject, with certain exceptions, to certain restrictions on any extension of credit to their parent holding companies or other affiliates, on investment in the stock or other securities of affiliates, and on the taking of such stock or securities as collateral from any borrower. In addition, banks are prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in connection with any extension of credit or the provision of any property or service.

Change of Bank Control. Florida law restricts the amount of voting stock of a bank that a person may acquire without the prior approval of banking regulators. The overall effect of such laws is to make it more difficult to acquire a bank by tender offer or similar means than it might be to acquire control of another type of corporation. Consequently, shareholders of financial institutions are less likely to benefit from the rapid increases in stock prices that often result from tender offers or similar efforts to acquire control of other companies.

Under Florida law, no person or group of persons may, directly or indirectly or acting by or through one or more persons, purchase or acquire a controlling interest in any bank which would result in the change in control of that bank unless the Florida OFR first shall have approved such proposed acquisition. A person or group will be deemed to have acquired “control” of a bank (i) if the person or group, directly or indirectly or acting by or through one, or more other persons, owns, controls, or has power to vote 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the bank, or controls in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of the bank, or (ii) if the Florida OFR determines that such person exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of the bank. In any case where a proposed purchase of voting securities would give rise to a presumption of control, the person or group who proposes to purchase the securities must first file written notice of the proposal to the Florida OFR for its review and approval. Subsections 658.27(2) and 658.28(3), Florida Statutes, refer to a potential change of control of a financial institution at a 10% or more threshold and rebuttable presumption of control. Accordingly, the name of any subscriber acquiring more than 10% of the voting securities of the Bank must be submitted to the Florida OFR for prior approval.

USA Patriot Act. The Bank is subject to the requirements of the USA Patriot Act, which was enacted in 2001 to provide the federal government with powers to prevent, detect, and prosecute terrorism and international money laundering, and has resulted in promulgation of several regulations that have a direct impact on banks. There are a number of programs that financial institutions must have in place such as: (i) Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering programs to manage risk; (ii) Customer Identification Programs to determine the true identity of customers, document and verify the information, and determine whether the customer appears on any federal government list of known or suspected terrorist or terrorist organizations; and (iii) monitoring for the timely detection and reporting of suspicious activity and reportable transactions. The Bank has devoted substantial attention and resources to compliance with these laws.

Other Consumer Laws. Florida usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates limit the amount of interest and various other charges collected or contracted by a bank. The Bank’s loans are also subject to federal laws applicable to consumer credit transactions, such as the:

● Federal Truth-In-Lending Act governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;

● Community Reinvestment Act requiring financial institutions to meet their obligations to provide for the total credit needs of the communities they serve, including investing their assets in loans to low and moderate-income borrowers;

● Home Mortgage Disclosure Act requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligations to meet the housing needs of the community it serves;

● Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibitive factors in extending credit;

● Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act which requires lenders to disclose certain information regarding the nature and cost of real estate settlements, and prohibits certain lending practices, as well as limits escrow account amounts in real estate transactions;

● Fair Debt Collection Act governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies;

● Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act which establishes additional rights for consumers to obtain and correct credit reports, addresses identity theft, and establishes additional requirements for consumer reporting agencies and financial institutions that provide adverse credit information to a consumer reporting agency; and

● The rules and regulations of various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws.

Such laws and other consumer regulation matters are administered by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “Bureau”). The Bureau is tasked with establishing and implementing rules and regulations under certain federal consumer protection laws with respect to the conduct of providers of certain consumer financial products and services. The Bureau has rulemaking authority over many of the statutes governing products and services offered to bank consumers.

The Bank’s deposit and loan operations are also subject to the following:

● GLB Act privacy provisions, which require the Bank maintain privacy policies intended to safeguard consumer financial information, to disclose these policies to its customers, and allow customers to “opt-out” of having their financial service providers disclose their confidential financial information to non-affiliated third parties, subject to certain exceptions;

● Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records; and

● Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E, which govern automatic deposits to, and withdrawals from, deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services.

Other Regulation

Enforcement Powers. Congress has provided the federal bank regulatory agencies with an array of powers to enforce laws, rules, regulations and orders. Among other things, the agencies may require that institutions cease and desist from certain activities, may preclude persons from participating in the affairs of insured depository institutions, may suspend or remove deposit insurance, and may impose civil money penalties against institution-affiliated parties for certain violations.

Community Reinvestment Act. Bank holding companies and their subsidiary banks are subject to the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (the “CRA”) and the regulations promulgated thereunder by the appropriate bank regulatory agency. Under the terms of the CRA, the appropriate federal bank regulatory agency is required, in connection with its examination of a bank, to assess such bank’s record in meeting the credit needs of the community served by that bank, including low-and moderate-income neighborhoods. The regulatory agency’s assessment of the Bank’s record is made available to the public. Further, such assessment is required of any bank which has applied to charter a bank, obtain deposit insurance coverage for a newly chartered institution, establish a new branch office that will accept deposits, relocate an office, or merge or consolidate with, or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of, a federally regulated financial institution. In the case of a bank holding company applying for approval to acquire a bank or other bank holding company, the Federal Reserve will assess the record of each subsidiary bank of the applicant bank holding company, and such records may be the basis for denying the application.

Effect of Governmental Monetary Policies

The Company’s earnings are affected by domestic economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government and its agencies. The Federal Reserve monetary policies have had, and will likely continue to have, an important impact on the operating results of financial institutions through its power to implement national monetary policy in order, among other things, to curb inflation or combat a recession. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve have major effects upon the levels of loans, investments and deposits through its open market operations in United States Government securities and through its regulation of the discount rate on borrowings of member banks. It is not possible to predict the nature or impact of future changes in monetary and fiscal policies.

Statistical Profile and Other Financial Data

Reference is hereby made to the statistical and financial data contained in the sections captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” for statistical and financial data providing a review of the Bank’s business activities.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Not applicable.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy

OptimumBank believes that risk management is a component of our overall governance, and that Information Technology Risk Management (ITRM) is a component of overall risk management. Our institution recognizes that IT (Information Technology) supports most aspects of our business; therefore, effective ITRM is not just limited to technology. Our IT systems connect with affiliates, customers, internal lines of business, third parties (e.g., third-party providers), and the public. IT also creates interdependencies among infrastructure, application, and web content. These independencies affect the decision-making process necessary to support existing products and services and provide for the delivery of new products and services. For all these reasons, IT management is critical to the performance and success of our Institution. Furthermore, ITRM involves more than containing costs and controlling operational risks and does not work in isolation. A financial institution capable of aligning its IT infrastructure to support its business strategy adds value to the institution and positions itself for sustained success. The Institution also recognizes its many strategic challenges in today’s marketplace, including cybersecurity threats, further increasing the need for effective ITRM.

The Institution’s Information Security Program addresses how we assess and manage risk to all information including Non-Public Information (NPI) and other confidential information in every form (written, paper, or digital). We adhere to standards outlined in the Gramm Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) and Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) Information Security Booklet(s) for the origination, collection, storage, use, transmission, and disposal of sensitive information, including the protection of hardware and infrastructure used to store and transmit such information. Information security promotes the commonly accepted objectives of confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA Triad) of information and is essential to the overall safety and soundness of our institution. Information security exists to provide protection from malicious and non-malicious action that increase the risk of adverse effects on earnings, capital, and enterprise value.

Our Information Security Program represents the standards, policies, procedures, and guidelines defining our institution’s security requirements and related activities.

Threat monitoring procedures provide for continual and ad hoc monitoring of threat intelligence communication and systems, effective incident detection and response, and the use of monitoring tools and reports in any subsequent forensic or legal procedures. Management reviews and approves the tools used and the conditions for use, whether developed internally or outsourced.

The Institution actively monitors company networks and systems to detect suspicious or malicious events, including through penetration testing and routine vulnerability scans. Management has developed procedures for obtaining, monitoring, assessing, and responding to evolving threat and vulnerability information. The identification of threats involves the understanding of the sources of threats, their capabilities, and their objectives. Knowledge of threat sources is especially important to help identify vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities can occur in many areas, such as the system design, the system operation, security procedures, business line controls, and the implementation of the system and controls.

We maintain policies and procedures for the safe storage, handling and secure disposal of customer information. Each employee is expected to be responsible for the security and confidentiality of customer information, and we communicate this responsibility to employees upon hiring and regularly throughout their employment. We provide employees with mandatory security awareness training. The curriculum includes the recognition and appropriate handling of potential phishing emails, which could, ultimately, place sensitive consumer/customer, proprietary, and/or employee information at risk. The Company employs a number of technical controls to mitigate the risk of phishing emails targeting employees. We test employees monthly to determine their susceptibility to phishing test emails, and we require susceptible employees to take additional training. Through the IT Steering Committee, management is provided regular reporting for oversight.

As part of our information security program, we have adopted an Incident Response Plan (“Incident Response Plan”) which is administered by our Information Security Officer who works in consultation with an Incident Response Team. The Incident Response Plan describes the Institution’s processes, procedures, and responsibilities for responding to incidents, including cybersecurity, and identifies team members responsible for assessing potential security incidents, declaring an incident, and initiating a response. The Incident Response Plan outlines action steps for investigating, containing, controlling, responding to, and remediating a cybersecurity incident. Our Plan includes notification procedures for reporting incidents to appropriate stakeholders, including the Company’s Executive Management Team and the Board of Directors. Annually, our Incident Response Team performs a tabletop exercise to simulate the Institution’s responses to events, including cybersecurity. Each exercise results in lessons learned and subsequent improvement to the Incident Response Plan, as warranted.

The Institution’s third-party risk management program is appropriate to the nature, size, complexity, and scope of our third-party relationships and provides the internal control framework for management to identify, measure, mitigate, monitor, and report risks associated with the use of third-party providers. Third-party service providers are required to comply with the Company’s policies regarding non-public personal information and information security. Third parties processing non-public personal information are contractually required to meet all legal and regulatory obligations to protect customer data against security threats or unauthorized access.

While we do not believe that our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition have been materially adversely affected by any cybersecurity incidents, cybersecurity threats are pervasive, and cybersecurity risk has increased in recent years. Despite our efforts, there can be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management processes and measures described will be fully implemented, complied with or effective in protecting our systems and information. We face risks from certain cybersecurity threats that, if realized, are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, result of operations or financial condition.

Cybersecurity Governance

We recognize our overall security culture contributes to the effectiveness of our Information Security Program. The Board of Directors sets the tone and direction for our institution’s use of technology. The Board will initially approve, and periodically review and re-approve, the IT Strategic Plan, Information Security Program, and other IT-related policies. While the Board may delegate the design, implementation, and monitoring or certain IT activities to the IT Steering Committee (ITSC), the Board remains responsible over overseeing the IT activities and is strongly encouraged to prove a credible challenge to management. To help carry out their responsibilities, the Board will be periodically trained to understand IT activities and risk, including cyber risks. Cybersecurity matters and assessments are regularly included in ITSC meetings.

The Board’s oversight of cybersecurity risk is supported by our Information Security Officer (“ISO”). The ISO attends ITSC meetings and provides cybersecurity updates to these Management committees. The ISO also provides annual risk assessments and reports regarding the information security program summary report to the full Board of Directors.

The Company’s ISO directs the company’s Information Security Program and our information technology risk management. In this role, in addition to the responsibilities discussed above, the ISO manages the Company’s information security and day-to-day cybersecurity operations and supports the information security risk oversight responsibilities of the Board and its committees. The ISO is also responsible for the Company’s information technology governance, risk, and compliance program and ensures that high level risks receive appropriate attention. The Information Security team examines risks to the Company’s information systems and assets, designs and implements security solutions, monitors the environment, and provides responses to threats.

Item 2. Properties

The Bank operates a main office and three branch offices. The headquarters and two branch offices are located in Broward County, Florida, and one branch office located in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The following table sets forth information with respect to the Bank’s offices as of December 31, 2025.

Location	Year Facility Opened	Facility Status

Headquarters and Ft. Lauderdale Branch Office:	2019	Leased
2929 East Commercial Boulevard Suites 101, 303, 306, and 502 Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33308

Deerfield Beach Branch Office:	2004	Leased
2201 W. Hillsboro Blvd., Deerfield Beach, FL 33442

North Miami Beach Office:	2024	Leased
757-759 NE 167th Street, North Miami Beach FL 33162

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Bank is involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of its business. As of the date of the filing of this Form 10-K, management is of the opinion that the ultimate aggregate liability in connection with any pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol, “OPHC”.

The Company had approximately 1,240 registered shareholders of its common stock as of December 31, 2025. Certain shares are held in “street” name and accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number.

During the first quarter of 2025, the Company issued 52,819 shares of common stocks through its at-the market (“ATM”) Offering for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $245,000 The Company did not issue any additional shares through the ATM during the remainder of 2025. The proceeds from ATM offering were used to make capital contributions to the Bank to enhance the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios and support its growth.

On October 1, 2025, the Company issued 350,000 shares of its Series C Convertible Preferred Stock in exchange for 350,000 shares of Company common stock. In connection with this exchange, the Company retired the reacquired shares of common stock. The shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock in 2025.

The Bank is currently permitted to pay cash dividends subject to restrictions imposed by the Florida Financial Institution Codes and federal banking law. The Company is currently permitted to pay cash dividends subject to restrictions under the Florida Business Corporation Act. During 2025, the Bank paid a one-time dividend of $500,000 to the Company. The Company has not declared or paid any dividends to its stockholders and does not plan to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Instead, the Company intends to retain any income for the purpose of enhancing its financial position and supporting the growth of the Bank.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A - Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable.

General

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company’s financial condition and results of operations are sensitive to accounting measurements and estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. When applying accounting policies in areas that are subjective in nature, the Company must use its best judgment to arrive at the carrying value of certain assets. One of the most critical accounting policies applied by the Company is related to the valuation of its loan portfolio.

A variety of estimates impact the carrying value of the Company’s loan portfolio including the calculation of the allowance for credit losses, valuation of underlying collateral, the timing of loan charge-offs and the amount and amortization of loan fees and deferred origination costs.

The calculation of the allowance for credit losses is a complex process containing estimates which are inherently subjective and susceptible to significant revision as current information becomes available. The allowance is established and maintained at a level management believes is adequate to cover losses resulting from the inability of borrowers to make required payments on loans. Estimates for credit losses are determined by analyzing risks associated with specific loans and the loan portfolio, current trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio and peer comparisons. The analysis also requires consideration of the economic climate and direction, changes in the economic and interest rate environment which may impact a borrower’s ability to pay, legislation impacting the banking industry and economic conditions specific to the counties the Bank serves in the State of Florida. Because the calculation of the allowance for credit losses relies on the Company’s estimates and judgments relating to inherently uncertain events, results may differ from management’s estimates.

The allowance for credit losses is also discussed as part of “Loan Portfolio, Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses” and in Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company’s significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Regulation and Legislation

As a state-chartered commercial bank, the Bank is subject to extensive regulation by the Florida OFR and the FDIC. The Bank files reports with the Florida OFR and the FDIC concerning its activities and financial condition, in addition to obtaining regulatory approvals prior to entering into certain transactions such as mergers with or acquisitions of other financial institutions. Periodic examinations are performed by the Florida OFR and the FDIC to monitor the Bank’s compliance with the various regulatory requirements. The Company is also subject to regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.

Loan Portfolio, Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Bank’s primary business is making business loans. This activity may subject the Bank to potential credit losses, the magnitude of which depends on a variety of economic factors affecting borrowers which are beyond its control. As of December 31, 2025, the Bank’s nonperforming loans were approximately $2.9 million, or 0.3% of gross loan portfolio.

The following table sets forth the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio:

	At December 31,
	2025						2024						2023
				% of						% of						% of
(dollars in thousands)	Amount			Total			Amount			Total			Amount			Total
Residential real estate	$	74,018			7.7	%	$	74,064			9.2	%	$	71,400			10.0	%
Multi-family real estate		65,693			6.8			64,001			7.9			67,498			10.7
Commercial real estate		666,508			69.6			485,671			60.6			422,680			62.1
Land and construction		36,212			3.8			77,295			9.6			32,600			4.7
Commercial		48,196			5.0			52,810			6.5			41,870			6.1
Consumer		68,166			7.1			50,399			6.2			44,023			6.4

Total loans	$	958,793			100.0	%	$	804,240			100.0	%	$	680,071			100.0	%

(Deduct) add:
Net deferred loan (fees) costs and premiums		(1,226	)					(595	)					(1,294	)
Allowance for credit losses		(10,273	)					(8,660	)					(7,683	)

Loans, net	$	947,294					$	794,985					$	671,094

The following table sets forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses:

	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			2023
Beginning balance	$	8,660		$	7,683		$	5,793
Additional allowance recognized due to adoption of Topic 326		—			—			218
Credit loss expense		1,927			2,372			3,759
Loans charged off		(727	)		(1,777	)		(2,442	)
Recoveries collected		413			382			355

Total ending allowance balance	$	10,273		$	8,660		$	7,683

Reconciliation of Credit Loss Expense

The following table provides a reconciliation of the credit loss expense on the condensed consolidated statements of income between the funded and unfunded components at the dates indicated:

	At December 31,
	2025		2024
Credit loss expense - funded	$	1,927	$	2,372
Credit loss expense - unfunded		109		150
Total Credit loss expense	$	2,036	$	2,222

The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of expected losses in the existing loan portfolio. The allowance for credit losses is increased by the credit loss expense charged to earnings and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. The allowance for credit losses represented 1.07% and 1.08% of the total loans outstanding at December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The allowance for credit losses is adjusted by a credit loss expense which is reported in earnings and reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management determines that the loan balance is uncollectable. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Expected credit loss inherent in non-cancellable off-balance sheet credit exposures is provided through the credit loss expense, but recorded separately in other liabilities.

Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical loan default and loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information incorporate management’s view of current conditions and forecasts.

The following table sets forth the Bank’s allowance for loan losses by loan type:

	At December 31,
	2025					2024					2023
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Total Loans			Amount		% of Total Loans			Amount		% of Total Loans
Residential real estate	$	1,477		7.7	%	$	1,114		9.2	%		1,020		10.0	%
Multi-family real estate		666		6.8			786		7.9			1,041		10.7
Commercial real estate		4,608		69.6			2,705		60.6			3,793		62.1
Land and construction		1,077		3.8			2,015		9.6			1,019		4.7
Commercial		2,351		5.0			1,675		6.5			281		6.1
Consumer		94		7.1			365		6.2			529		6.4

Total allowance for credit losses	$	10,273		100.0	%	$	8,660		100.0	%	$	7,683		100.0	%

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans outstanding				1.07	%				1.08	%				1.13	%

The following summarizes the amount of nonperforming loans:

	December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands)		Nonaccrual Without ACL		Nonaccrual With ACL		Total Nonaccrual
Commercial	$	954	$	1,943	$	2,897
Total	$	954	$	1,943	$	2,897

	December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)		Nonaccrual Without ACL		Nonaccrual With ACL		Total Nonaccrual
Land and construction	$	5,597	$	—	$	5,597
Commercial		—		1,374		1,374
Consumer		605		—		605
Total	$	6,202	$	1,374	$	7,576

During 2025, 2024, and 2023, the average recorded investment in collateral dependent loans and interest income recognized and received on collateral dependent loans were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		2023
Average investment in collateral dependent loans	$	3,758	$	2,134	$	85
Interest income recognized	$	292		104		—
Interest income received	$	292		104		—

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) is excluded from the allowance for credit losses. Upon foreclosure, the loan was removed from loans held for investment. Subsequent declines in the fair value of OREO are recognized through direct write-downs rather than through an allowance methodology. During 2025, the Bank acquired one property through foreclosure of a consumer home equity line of credit (“HELOC”). The addition of OREO increased total nonperforming assets; however, management believes the risk is mitigated as the property is actively marketed for sale. Management continues to monitor local market conditions in Florida and will recognize additional write-downs, if necessary, based on changes in fair value.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity represents an institution’s ability to meet current and future obligations through liquidation or maturity of existing assets or the acquisition of additional liabilities. The Bank’s ability to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers and to benefit from investment opportunities is facilitated through liquidity management. Management monitors the liquidity position daily.

The Bank’s liquidity is derived primarily from our deposit base, scheduled amortization and prepayments of loans and investment securities, funds provided by operations, and capital. Additionally, as a commercial bank, we are expected to maintain an adequate liquidity position. The liquidity position may consist of cash on hand, cash on demand deposit with correspondent banks, federal funds sold, and marketable securities such as United States government treasury and agency securities, municipal securities, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities.

The Bank’s primary sources of cash during the year ended December 31, 2025, were payments of principal and interest on loans made by the Bank to third parties, payments of principal and interest on debt securities held by the Bank and deposits made by third parties at the Bank. Cash was used primarily to fund loans and repay Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) advances. The Bank adjusts rates on its deposits to attract or retain deposits as needed. The Bank primarily obtains deposits from its market area and secondarily from listing services.

The Bank also has external sources of funds through the FHLB and with unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks and the Federal Reserve. The Bank is a member of the FHLB, which allows it to borrow funds under a pre-arranged line of credit. As of December 31, 2025, the Bank had outstanding borrowings of $50.0 million and pledged $464.8 million in loans as a collateral, providing borrowing availability of $231.9 million under its established borrowing capacity with the FHLB. The Company’s borrowing facility is subject to collateral and stock ownership requirements, as well as prior FHLB consent to each advance. In addition, the Bank has access to the Federal Reserve Discount Window as supplemental source of liquidity. As of December 31, 2025, the Bank had pledged $50.8 million in securities and loans as collateral to secure this borrowing facility, providing a line of credit available for use if needed. At December 31, 2025, the Company also had available lines of credit amounting to $73.5 million with five correspondent banks to purchase federal funds. Disbursements on these lines of credit are subject to the approval of the correspondent banks. The Company measure and monitor our liquidity daily and believes its sources of funding are adequate to meet our operating needs.

Debt Securities

The Bank’s securities portfolio is comprised of SBA pool securities, mortgage-backed securities, taxable municipal securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. The securities portfolio is categorized as either “held-to-maturity” or “available for sale.” Debt securities held-to-maturity represent those securities which the Bank has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. These debt securities are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities available for sale represent those investments which may be sold for various reasons including changes in interest rates and liquidity considerations. These debt securities are reported at fair market value and unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive losses.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of the Bank’s debt securities portfolio:

(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
*At December 31, 2025:*
Held-to-maturity:
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	214	$	190
Total	$	214	$	190
Available for sale:
SBA Pool Securities	$	439	$	429
Collateralized mortgage obligation		118		106
Municipal securities		16,616		12,626
Mortgage-backed Securities.		14,156		12,023
Total	$	31,329	$	25,184
*At December 31, 2024:*
Held-to-maturity:
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	281	$	247
Total	$	281	$	247
Available for sale:
SBA Pool Securities	$	581	$	567
Collateralized mortgage obligations		128		111
Municipal securities		16,654		11,914
Mortgage-backed Securities.		12,883		10,181
Total	$	30,246	$	22,773

The following table sets forth, by maturity distribution, certain information pertaining to the debt securities portfolio at amortized cost:

(dollars in thousands)	Less than a year		After 1-5 Years		After 5-10 Years		After 10 Years		Total		Yield
*At December 31, 2025:*
Collateralized mortgage obligation	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	332	$	332		3.02	%
Mortgage-backed securities		—		—		—		14,156		14,156		2.59	%
Municipal securities		—		—		1,513		15,103		16,616		2.18	%
SBA pool securities		—		—		—		439		439		5.99	%
	$	—	$	—	$	1,513	$	30,030	$	31,543
*At December 31, 2024:*
Collateralized mortgage obligation		—	$	—	$	—	$	409	$	409		2.41	%
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—		—		—		12,883		12,883		2.08	%
Municipal securities		—		—		—		16,654		16,654		2.18	%
SBA pool securities		—		—		—		581		581		5.28	%
	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	30,527	$	30,527

The following table sets forth, by maturity distribution, certain information pertaining to the debt securities portfolio at fair value:

(dollars in thousands)	Less than a year		After 1-5 Years		After 5-10 Years		After 10 Years		Total		Yield
*At December 31, 2025:*
Collateralized mortgage obligation	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	429	$	429		3.02	%
Mortgage-backed securities		—		—		—		296		296		2.59	%
Municipal securities		—		—		1,264		11,362		12,626		2.18	%
SBA pool securities		—		—		—		12,023		12,023		5.99	%
	$	—	$	—	$	1,264	$	24,110	$	25,374
*At December 31, 2024:*
Collateralized mortgage obligation		—	$	—	$	—	$	409	$	409		2.41	%
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—		—		—		12,883		12,883		2.08	%
Municipal securities		—		—		—		16,654		16,654		2.18	%
SBA pool securities		—		—		—		581		581		5.28	%
	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	30,527	$	30,527

Expected maturities of these debt securities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. The Bank’s market risk arises primarily from interest-rate risk inherent in its lending and deposit-taking activities. The Bank does not engage in securities trading or hedging activities and does not invest in interest-rate derivatives or interest rate swaps.

The Bank may utilize financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. The measurement of market risk associated with financial instruments is meaningful only when all related and offsetting on- and off-balance sheet transactions are aggregated, and the resulting net positions are identified. Disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments, which reflect changes in market prices and rates, can be found in Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Bank’s primary objective in managing interest-rate risk is to minimize the potential adverse impact of changes in interest rates on its net interest income and capital, while adjusting its asset-liability structure to obtain the maximum yield-cost spread on that structure. The Bank actively monitors and manages its interest-rate risk exposure by managing its asset and liability structure. However, a sudden and substantial increase in interest rates may adversely impact its earnings, to the extent that the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities do not change or reprice at the same speed, to the same extent, or on the same basis.

The Bank uses modeling techniques to simulate changes in net interest income under various rate scenarios. Important elements of these techniques include the mix of floating versus fixed-rate assets and liabilities, and the scheduled, as well as expected, repricing and maturing volumes and rates of the existing balance sheet.

Asset Liability Management

As part of its asset and liability management, the Bank has emphasized establishing and implementing internal asset-liability decision processes, as well as control procedures to aid in managing its earnings. Management believes that these processes and procedures provide us with better capital planning, asset mix and volume controls, loan-pricing guidelines, and deposit interest-rate guidelines, which should result in effective controls and limited exposure to interest-rate risk.

The matching of assets and liabilities may be analyzed by examining the extent to which such assets and liabilities are “interest rate sensitive” and by monitoring an institution’s interest rate sensitivity “gap.” An asset or liability is said to be interest rate sensitive within a specific time period if it will mature or reprice within that time period. The interest-rate sensitivity gap is defined as the difference between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within a specific time period. The gap ratio is computed as the amount of rate sensitive assets less the amount of rate sensitive liabilities divided by total assets. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest-rate sensitive assets exceeds interest-rate sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest-rate sensitive liabilities exceeds interest-rate sensitive assets. During a period of rising interest rates, a negative gap would adversely affect net interest income, while a positive gap would result in an increase in net interest income. During a period of falling interest rates, a negative gap would result in an increase in net interest income, while a positive gap would adversely affect net interest income.

In order to minimize the potential for adverse effects of material and prolonged increases in interest rates on the results of operations, the Bank’s management continues to monitor its assets and liabilities to better match the maturities and repricing terms of its interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The Bank’s policies emphasize the origination of adjustable-rate loans, building a stable core deposit base and, to the extent possible, matching deposit maturities with loan repricing timeframes or maturities.

The following table sets forth certain information related to the Bank’s interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities at December 31, 2025, that are estimated to mature or are scheduled to be repriced within the period shown:

	Gap Maturity / Repricing Schedule
(dollars in thousands)	Less than a year			After 1-5 Years			After 5-15 Years			After 15 Years			Total
Loans (1):
Residential real estate loans	$	27,409		$	44,355		$	469		$	1,785		$	74,018
Multi-family real estate loans		23,343			41,449			901			—			65,693
Commercial real estate loans		313,261			352,336			910			—			666,507
Land and construction		7,549			26,059			2,604			—			36,212
Commercial		23,566			24,631			—			—			48,197
Consumer		55,049			7,248			—			5,869			68,166

Total loans		450,177			496,078			4,884			7,654			958,793

Securities (2)		—			—			1,264			24,134			25,398
Interest-bearing deposits in banks		105,210			—			—			—			105,210
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,028			—			—			—			3,028

Total rate-sensitive assets		558,415			496,078			6,148			31,788			1,092,429

Deposit accounts (3):
Money-market deposits		211,412			—			—			—			211,412
Interest-bearing checking deposits		94,865			—			—			—			94,865
Savings deposits		644			—			—			—			644
Time deposits		354,173			4,136			—			—			358,309

Total deposits		661,094			4,136			—			—			665,230

Federal Home Loan Bank advances		50,000			—			—			—			50,000
Total rate-sensitive liabilities		711,094			4,136			—			—			715,230

GAP (repricing differences)	$	(152,679	)	$	491,942		$	6,148		$	31,788		$	377,199

Cumulative GAP	$	(152,679	)	$	339,263		$	345,411		$	377,199

Cumulative GAP/total assets		(13.7	)%		30.5	%		31.1	%		33.9	%

	1	In preparing the table above, adjustable-rate loans are included in the period in which the interest rates are next scheduled to adjust rather than in the period in which the loans mature. Fixed-rate loans are scheduled, including repayment, according to their maturities.

	2	Securities are scheduled through the repricing date.

	3	Money-market, interest-bearing checking and savings deposits are regarded as readily accessible withdrawable accounts. Time deposits are scheduled through the maturity dates.

The following table sets forth loan maturities by type of loan at December 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands)	Less than a year		After 1-5 Years		After 5-15 Years		After 15 Years		Total
Residential real estate	$	1,197	$	21,970	$	49,066		1,785	$	74,018
Multi-family real estate		257		37,696		27,740		—		65,693
Commercial real estate		8,923		162,926		494,659		—		666,508
Land and construction		—		7,377		28,835		—		36,212
Commercial		6,319		24,752		13,394		3,731		48,196
Consumer		677		3,063		4,184		60,242		68,166

Total	$	17,373	$	257,784	$	617,878		65,758	$	958,793

The following table sets forth the maturity or repricing of loans by interest type at December 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands)	Less than a year		After 1-5 Years		After 5-15 Years		After 15 Years		Total
Fixed interest rate	$	9,432	$	81,768	$	4,884		1,785	$	97,869
Variable interest rate		440,745		414,310		—		5,869		860,924

Total	$	450,177	$	496,078	$	4,884		7,654	$	958,793

Scheduled contractual principal repayments of loans do not reflect the actual life of such assets. The average life of loans is substantially less than their average contractual terms due to prepayments. In addition, due-on-sale clauses on loans generally give us the right to declare a conventional loan immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, that the borrower sells real property subject to a mortgage and the loan is not repaid. The average life of mortgage loans tends to increase, however, when current mortgage loan rates are substantially higher than rates on existing mortgage loans and, conversely, decrease when rates on existing mortgages are substantially higher than current mortgage rates.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest-rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet. The contractual amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of the Company’s involvement in particular classes of financial instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed-expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since certain commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total committed amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary in order to extend credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty.

A summary of the contractual amounts of the Company’s financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk at December 31, 2025, follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit	$	7,775

Unused lines of credit	$	72,940

Standby letters of credit	$	3,779

The following is a summary of the Company’s on-balance sheet contractual obligations at December 31, 2025:

(dollars in thousands)	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations
(dollars in thousands)	Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More Than 5 Years		Total
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	$	50,000	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	50,000
Operating lease liabilities		499		1,540		268		828		3,135

Total	$	50,499		1,540		268		828	$	53,135

Deposits

Deposits traditionally are the primary source of funds for the Company’s use in lending, making investments and meeting liquidity demands. The Company has focused on raising time deposits primarily within its market area, which is the area of Broward, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, Martin, and St. Lucie counties. The Company offers a variety of deposit products, such as mobile banking, remote deposit capture and bank-to-bank ACH, which are promoted within its market area. Deposits increased $159.6 million in 2025. The increase in deposit balances primarily consisted of an increase of $54.6 million in noninterest-bearing demand deposits, an increase of $11.3 million in NOW accounts, an increase of $17.1 million in money market accounts, an increase of $216,000 in savings accounts, and an increase of $76.4 million in time deposits.

The following table displays the distribution of the Company’s deposits by product at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

	2025					2024
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Deposits			Amount		% of Deposits
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	266,520		28.6	%	$	211,900		27.4	%
NOW deposits		94,865		10.2			83,570		10.8
Money-market deposits		211,412		22.7			194,357		25.2
Savings		644		0.1			428		0.1

Subtotal		573,441		61.6	%	$	490,255		63.5	%

Time deposits:
0.00% – 0.99%		112		—	%	$	113		0.0	%
1.00% – 1.99%		4,947		0.5			4,533		0.6
2.00% – 2.99%		357		—			866		0.1
3.00% – 3.99%		55,572		6.0			—		—
4.00% – 4.99%		297,321		31.9			153,171		19.8
5.00% – 5.99%		—		—			123,257		16.0

Total time deposits (1)		358,309		38.4	%		281,940		36.5	%

Total deposits	$	931,750		100.0	%	$	772,195		100.0	%

(1)	Includes Individual Retirement Accounts (IRA’s) totaling $3,919,000 and $3,421,000 at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, all of which are in the form of time deposits.

The following table displays the distribution of the Company’s deposits by source at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

	At December 31, 2025								At December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Retail		Listing Services		Brokered		Total		Retail		Listing Services		Brokered		Total
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	266,520	$	—	$	—	$	266,520	$	211,900	$	—	$	—	$	211,900
NOW deposits		94,865		—		—		94,865		56,528		—		27,042		83,570
Money-market deposits		174,122		37,290		—		211,412		101,695		52,299		40,363		194,357
Savings		394		250		—		644		428		—		—		428
Time deposits		176,582		101,727		80,000		358,309		148,982		52,958		80,000		281,940
	$	712,483	$	139,267	$	80,000	$	931,750	$	519,533	$	105,257	$	147,405	$	772,195

The Company uses third-party deposits listing services as part of its funding strategy. None of the deposits obtained from the listing services are considered brokered deposits. In addition, the Company utilized brokered deposits as part of its funding strategy, consisting primarily of brokered certificate deposits. At December 31, 2025, brokered deposits comprised 9% of total deposits, compared to 19% at December 31, 2024, and listing service deposits comprised 15% and 14% of total deposits at December 31, 2025 and 2024 respectively.

The following table sets forth the Company’s maturity distribution of time deposits of $250,000 or more at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

	At December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Due three months or less	$	51,543	$	39,864
Due more than three months to six months		34,598		12,985
More than six months to one year		8,053		9,570
One to five years		817		12,361

Total	$	95,011	$	74,780

Analysis of Results of Operations

The Company’s profitability depends primarily on net interest income, which is the difference between the interest received on earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, principally deposits and borrowings. Net interest income is determined by the difference between yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities (“interest-rate spread”) and the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The Company’s interest-rate spread is affected by regulatory, economic, and competitive factors that influence interest rates, loan demand, and deposit flows. The Company’s results of operations are also affected by credit loss expense, operating expenses such as salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and other operating expenses including income taxes, and noninterest income such as loan prepayment fees.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, information regarding (i) the total dollar amount of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resultant average yield; (ii) the total dollar amount of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and the resultant average cost; (iii) net interest income; (iv) interest rate spread; and (v) net interest margin. Average balances are based on average daily balances:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2025							2024
			Interest		Average					Interest		Average
	Average		Income/		Yield/			Average		Income/		Yield/
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Expense		Rate			Balance		Expense		Rate
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	819,233		57,146		6.98	%	$	753,904		52,051		6.90	%
Securities		23,137		635		2.74	%		23,903		652		2.73	%
Other interest-earning assets (1)		152,496		6,573		4.31	%		127,229		6,926		5.44	%

Total interest-earning assets/interest income		994,866		64,354		6.47	%		905,036		59,629		6.60	%

Cash and due from banks		11,478							13,810
Premises and equipment		2,334							1,798
Other assets		4,529							6,804

Total assets		1,013,207						$	927,448

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW and money-market deposits		286,701		7,006		2.44	%	$	322,507		9,910		3.07	%
Time deposits		331,563		14,428		4.35	%		248,676		13,053		5.25	%
Borrowings (2)		8,747		333		3.81	%		47,312		1,976		4.14	%

Total interest-bearing liabilities/interest expense		627,011		21,767		3.47	%		618,495		24,939		4.03	%

Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		265,551							216,643
Other liabilities		8,368							6,438
Stockholders’ equity		112,277							85,872

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,013,207						$	927,448

Net interest income				42,587							34,690

Interest rate spread (3)						3.00	%						2.60	%

Net interest margin (4)						4.28	%						3.83	%

Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest- bearing liabilities						1.59							1.46

	1	Includes interest-earning deposits with banks, Federal funds sold and Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends.
	2	Includes Federal Home Loan Bank advances
	3	Interest rate spread represents the difference between average yield on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities
	4	Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

Rate/Volume Analysis

The following tables provide certain information regarding changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided on changes attributable to (1) changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by prior volume), (2) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior rate) and (3) changes in rate-volume (change in rate multiplied by change in volume):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2025 versus 2024
	Increases (Decreases) Due to Change In:
(dollars in thousands)	Rate			Volume			Rate/ Volume			Total
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	538		$	4,510		$	47		$	5,095
Securities		4			(21	)		—			(17	)
Other interest-earning assets		(1,442	)		1,375			(286	)		(353	)

Total interest-earning assets		(900	)		5,864			(239	)		4,725

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW and money-market		(2,029	)		(1,100	)		225			(2,904	)
Time deposits		(2,232	)		4,351			(744	)		1,375
Other		(175	)		(1,611	)		143			(1,643	)

Total interest-bearing liabilities		(4,436	)		1,640			(376	)		(3,172	)

Net interest income	$	3,536		$	4,224		$	137		$	7,897

Financial Condition as of December 31, 2025 Compared to December 31, 2024

The Company’s total assets at December 31, 2025, were $1.1 billion, an increase of $178.7 million from December 31, 2024. The increase primarily consisted of increases of $20.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, $152.3 million in net loans, and $2.4 million in debt securities available for sale, primarily due to purchase of two new securities and unrealized gains during the year. The Company experienced growth across the various loan types due to new organic originations. The net increase in loans resulted from $180.8 million increase in commercial real estate loans, $17.8 million increase in consumer loans, $1.7 million increase in multi-family real estate loans, partially offset by decreases in $41.1 million in land and construction loans and $4.6 million decrease in commercial loans. The growth experienced in the loan portfolio is due to the implementation of our relationship-based banking model and the success of our lenders in competing for new business in a highly competitive South Florida area.

The Company’s total liabilities at December 31, 2025, were $989.8 million, an increase of $160.0 million from $829.7 million on December 31, 2024. The increase in total liabilities was mainly due to an increase of $159.6 million in total deposits.

The Company’s total stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2025, was $121.9 million, an increase of $18.7 million from $103.2 million on December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to net income of $16.6 million, stock-based compensation of $875,000, proceeds of $217,000 from the issuance of common stocks, and unrealized gains on debt securities of $973,000.

At December 31, 2025, the Bank had a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 11.39%.

Results of Operations for Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024

	Years Ended December 31,				Increase / (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		Amount			Percentage
Total interest income	$	64,354	$	59,629	$	4,725			7.9	%
Total interest expense		21,767		24,939		(3,172	)		(12.7	)%
Net interest income		42,587		34,690		7,897			22.8	%
Credit loss expense		2,036		2,222		(186	)		(8.4	)%
Net interest income after credit loss expense		40,551		32,468		8,083			24.9	%
Total noninterest income		6,774		4,623		2,151			46.5	%
Total noninterest expenses		25,154		19,460		5,694			29.3	%
Income before income taxes		22,171		17,631		4,540			25.8	%
Income taxes expense		5,523		4,507		1,016			22.5	%
Net income	$	16,648	$	13,124	$	3,524			26.9	%
Earnings per share - Basic	$	1.42	$	1.39
Earnings per share – Diluted (1)		0.71		0.63

(1) On October 1, 2025, the Company amended the terms of the Series B preferred shares, as detailed in Note 19, to the consolidated financial statements. This amendment affected the calculation of diluted earnings per share, and accordingly, prior period diluted earnings per share amounts have been restated to conform to the current period presentation. This ensures a consistent basis of comparison.

Net income. The Company had net income of $16.6 million or $1.42 per basic share and $.71 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to net income of $13.1 million or $1.39 per basic share and $.63 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2024. The growth was primarily driven by a $7.9 million increase in net interest income, partially offset by $5.7 million increase in non-interest expenses. Additionally, the Company recognized a $186,000 decrease in credit loss expense.

Interest Income. Interest income increased by $4.7 million to $64.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $59.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to increases in loan volume.

Interest Expense. Interest expense on deposits and borrowings decreased by $3.2 million to $21.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $24.9 million from the prior year. The decrease in interest expense was primarily driven by lower interest rates paid on deposits and borrowings.

Credit loss expense.

Credit loss expense totaled $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Credit loss expense is recognized to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level management believes is appropriate to absorb expected losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based upon historical experience, the volume and type of lending conducted by the Company, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of the underlying collateral, general economic conditions, particularly as they relate to our market areas, economic forecasts and other factors related to the estimated collectability of our loan portfolio. The allowance for credit losses totaled $10.3 million or 1.07% of loans outstanding at December 31, 2025, compared to $8.7 million or 1.08% of loans outstanding at December 31, 2024. The decrease in the credit loss expense during the year ended on December 31, 2025 was primarily due to improvements in the credit quality of the loan portfolio and the evaluation of the other factors noted above. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the net charge-off amounting to $727,000 resulted from consumer lending.

Noninterest Income. Total noninterest income of $6.8 million increased by $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, from $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase is primarily related to service charges on deposits, wire transfers, and ACH fees on deposit payment transactions.

Noninterest Expenses. Total noninterest expenses of $25.2 million increased by $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $19.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase is primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits, data processing, and other operating costs. The headcount of full-time equivalent employees increased from 73 to 98. The increase in non-interest expenses is directly attributable to the growth of the Bank.

Income Taxes. The Company recorded income taxes of $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to an income tax expense of $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The consolidated financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, substantially all of the Bank’s assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on its performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. However, inflation affects financial institutions by increasing their cost of goods and services purchased, as well as the cost of salaries and benefits, occupancy expense, and similar items. Inflation and related increases in interest rates generally decrease the market value of investments and loans held and may adversely affect liquidity, earnings, and stockholders’ equity. Loan originations and re-financing tend to slow as interest rates increase. As a general principle, higher interest rates are likely to reduce the Company’s earnings.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors

OptimumBank Holdings, Inc.

Fort Lauderdale, Florida:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of OptimumBank Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025, and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, the Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)

The Company’s loans portfolio totaled $958.8 million as of December 31, 2025, and the ACL on loans was $10.3 million.

As more fully described in Notes 1 and 3 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company estimates its exposure to expected credit losses as of the balance sheet date for existing financial instruments held at amortized cost and off-balance sheet exposures, such as unfunded loan commitments, lines of credit and other unused commitments that are not unconditionally cancelable by the Company.

The determination of the ACL requires management to exercise significant judgment and consider numerous subjective factors, including determining qualitative factors utilized to adjust historical loss rates and identifying loans requiring individual evaluation among others. As disclosed by management, different assumptions and conditions could result in a materially different amount for the estimate of the ACL.

We identified the ACL at December 31, 2025, as a critical audit matter. Auditing the ACL involved a high degree of subjectivity in evaluating management’s estimates, such as evaluating management’s identification of credit quality indicators, grouping of loans determined to be similar into pools, estimating the remaining life of loans in a pool, assessment of economic conditions and other environmental factors and evaluating the adequacy of specific allowances associated with individually evaluated loans.

The primary procedures we performed as of December 31, 2025, to address this critical audit matter included:

	-	Obtained an understanding of the Company’s process for establishing the ACL, including the qualitative factor adjustments of the ACL
	-	Tested the completeness and accuracy of the information utilized in the ACL, including evaluating the relevance and reliability of such information
	-	Tested the ACL model’s computational accuracy
	-	Evaluated the qualitative adjustments to the ACL, including assessing the basis for adjustments and the reasonableness of the significant assumptions
	-	Evaluated the reasonableness of specific allowances on individually evaluated loans
	-	Evaluated the overall reasonableness of assumptions used by management considering trends identified within peer groups
	-	Evaluated the accuracy and completeness of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, disclosures in the consolidated financial statements
	-	Evaluated credit quality trends in delinquencies, non-accruals, charge-offs and loan risk ratings

(PCAOB ID: 400)

/s/ HACKER, JOHNSON & SMITH PA
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2000.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
February 26, 2026

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	2025			2024
	December 31,
	2025			2024
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	9,349		$	13,982
Interest-bearing deposits with banks		105,210			79,648
Total cash and cash equivalents		114,559			93,630
Debt securities available for sale		25,184			22,773
Debt securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $190 and $247)		214			281
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $10,273 and $8,660		947,294			794,985
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,028			2,929
Premises and equipment, net		2,490			2,062
Other real estate owned		551			—
Right-of-use lease assets		2,617			2,679
Accrued interest receivable		3,621			3,348
Deferred tax asset		3,108			3,001
Other assets		9,012			7,245
Total assets	$	1,111,678		$	932,933

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity:
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	$	266,520		$	211,900
Savings, NOW and money-market deposits		306,921			278,355
Time deposits		358,309			281,940
Total deposits		931,750			772,195

Federal Home Loan Bank advances		50,000			50,000
Operating lease liabilities		2,745			2,774
Other liabilities		5,286			4,780
Total liabilities		989,781			829,749

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 9 and 15)		-			-
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 6,000,000 shares authorized:		—			—
Series B Convertible Preferred, no par value, 1,360 shares authorized, 1,360 shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Series C Convertible Preferred, no par value, 4,000,000 shares authorized, 875,641 and 525,641 shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Preferred Stock, value		—			—
Common stock, $.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized, 11,533,943 and 11,636,092 shares issued and outstanding		115			116
Additional paid-in capital		112,578			111,485
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)		13,801			(2,847	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(4,597	)		(5,570	)

Total stockholders’ equity		121,897			103,184
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,111,678		$	932,933

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income

(dollars in thousands)

	2025		2024
	Year Ended December 31,
	2025		2024
Interest income:
Loans	$	57,146	$	52,051
Debt securities		635		652
Other		6,573		6,926
Total interest income		64,354		59,629

Interest expense:
Deposits		21,434		22,963
Borrowings		333		1,976
Total interest expense		21,767		24,939

Net interest income		42,587		34,690

Credit loss expense		2,036		2,222
Net interest income after credit loss expense		40,551		32,468

Noninterest income:
Service charges and fees		4,657		3,780
Other		2,117		843
Total noninterest income		6,774		4,623

Noninterest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits		14,795		11,103
Professional fees		1,131		1,073
Occupancy and equipment		1,231		884
Data processing		2,740		2,273
Regulatory assessment		687		799
Other		4,570		3,328

Total noninterest expenses		25,154		19,460

Net income before income taxes		22,171		17,631

Income tax expense		5,523		4,507
Net income	$	16,648	$	13,124

Earnings per share – Basic	$	1.42	$	1.39
Earnings per share – Diluted (1)		0.71		0.63

(1)

On October 1, 2025, the Company amended the terms of the Series B preferred shares, as detailed in Note 19, to the consolidated financial statements. This amendment affected the calculation of diluted earnings per share, and accordingly, prior period diluted earnings per share amounts have been restated to conform to the current period presentation. This ensures a consistent basis of comparison.

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024
	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024
Net income	$	16,648		$	13,124

Other comprehensive Income:
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities:
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during the year on debt securities available for sale		1,327			(367	)
Amortization of unrealized loss on debt securities transferred to held-to-maturity		1			2

Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes		1,328			(365	)

Deferred income taxes (expense) benefit		(355	)		110

Total other comprehensive income (loss)		973			(255	)

Comprehensive income	$	17,621		$	12,869

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)

	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Additional		Earnings			Loss			Equity
	Preferred				Preferred															Accumulated
	Stock				Stock										Additional					Other			Total
	Series B				Series C				Common Stock						Paid-In		Retained			Comprehensive			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Capital		Earnings			Loss			Equity
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balance at December 31, 2023		1,360	$	—		—	$	—		7,250,219		$	72		$	91,221	$	(15,971	)	$	(5,315	)	$	70,007
Net proceeds from the sale of preferred stock		—		—		525,641		—		—			—			1,932		—			—			1,932
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock		—		—		—		—		4,270,213			43			17,843		—			—			17,886
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		115,660			1			489		—			—			490
Net change in unrealized loss on debt securities available for sale		—		—		—		—		—			—			—		—			(257	)		(257	)
Amortization of unrealized loss on debt securities transferred to held-to-maturity		—		—		—		—		—			—			—		—			2			2
Net income		—		—		—		—		—			—			—		13,124			—			13,124
Balance at December 31, 2024		1,360	$	—		525,641	$	—		11,636,092		$	116		$	111,485	$	(2,847	)	$	(5,570	)	$	103,184
Balance		1,360		—		525,641		—		11,636,092		$	116		$	111,485	$	(2,847	)	$	(5,570	)	$	103,184
Exchange of common stock for preferred stock		—		—		350,000		—		(350,000	)		—			—		—			—			—
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock		—		—		—		—		52,819			(3	)		220		—			—			217
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		—		195,032			2			873		—			—			875
Net change in unrealized loss on debt securities available for sale		—		—		—		—		—			—			—		—			972			972
Amortization of unrealized loss on debt securities transferred to held-to-maturity		—		—		—		—		—			—			—		—			1			1
Net income		—		—		—		—		—			—			—		16,648			—			16,648
Balance at December 31, 2025		1,360	$	—		875,641	$	—		11,533,943		$	115		$	112,578	$	13,801		$	(4,597	)	$	121,897
Balance		1,360		—		875,641		—		11,533,943		$	115		$	112,578	$	13,801		$	(4,597	)	$	121,897

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024
	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	16,648		$	13,124
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Credit loss expense		2,036			2,222
Write-down of other real estate owned		54			—
Depreciation and amortization		468			301
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense		(462	)		10
Net accretion of fees, premiums and discounts		(168	)		(59	)
Stock-based compensation expense		875			490
Increase in accrued interest receivable		(273	)		(874	)
Amortization of right-of-use asset		416			298
Net decrease in operating lease liabilities		(383	)		(290	)
Increase in other assets		(1,767	)		(730	)
Increase in other liabilities		397			1,113
Net cash provided by operating activities		17,841			15,605

Cash flows from investing activities:
Principal repayments of debt securities available for sale		1,236			1,220
Principal repayments of debt securities held-to-maturity		67			80
Net increase in loans		(154,642	)		(126,207	)
Purchases of premises and equipment		(896	)		(988	)
Purchase of debt securities available for sale		(2,350	)		—
Purchases (redemption) of FHLB stock		(99	)		425
Net cash used in investing activities		(156,684	)		(125,470	)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Net increase in deposits		159,555			132,614
Net (decrease) increase in FHLB Advances		—			(12,000	)
Net (decrease) increase in FRB Advances		—			(13,600	)
Net Proceeds from sale of preferred stock (net of offering costs of 0 and $118)		—			1,932
Proceeds from sale of common stock (net of offering costs of $34 and $576)		217			17,886

Net cash provided by financing activities		159,772			126,832

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		20,929			16,967

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year		93,630			76,663

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year	$	114,559		$	93,630

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	21,728		$	26,431

Income taxes	$	6,858		$	2,235
Supplemental noncash transactions:
Net change in unrealized gain on debt securities available for sale, net of income taxes	$	972		$	(257	)

Amortization of unrealized loss on debt securities transferred to held-to-maturity	$	1		$	2

Loans transferred to other real estate owned through foreclosure	$	605		$	—

Right-of use lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities		354			816

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, and for the Years Then Ended

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization. OptimumBank Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company that owns 100% of OptimumBank (the “Bank”), a Florida-chartered commercial bank, and OptimumHUD Loans, LLC d/b/a as OptimumFunding, LLC, a wholly owned non-bank subsidiary. The Company’s primary business is the operation of the Bank. The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Bank offers a variety of community banking services to individual and corporate customers through its three banking branch offices located in Broward County, and in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The Bank also markets its deposit and electronic funds transfer services on a national basis to merchant cash advance providers.

OptimumHUD Loans, LLC, was organized on December 24, 2025, for the purpose of originating HUD-insured mortgage loans. During the year ended December 31, 2025, OptimumHUD Loans, LLC had no operating activity. The Company contributed $1 million in capital to OptimumHUD Loans, LLC during 2025.

Basis of Presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank, and OptimumHUD Loans, LLC from the date of its formation. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and reporting practices of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and to general practices within the banking industry. The following summarizes the more significant of these policies and practices.

Use of Estimates. In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks and interest-bearing deposits with banks, all of which have original maturities of ninety days or less.

Debt Securities. Debt securities may be classified as trading, held to maturity or available for sale. Trading debt securities are held principally for resale and recorded at their fair values. Unrealized gains and losses on trading debt securities are included immediately in earnings. Held-to-maturity debt securities are those which management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost. Available-for-sale debt securities consist of debt securities not classified as trading debt securities nor as held to maturity debt securities. Unrealized holding gains and losses on available for sale debt securities are reported as a net amount in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity until realized. Gains and losses on the sale of debt securities available for sale are determined using the specific-identification method. Premiums and discounts on debt securities are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the period to maturity.

Loans. Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding principal, adjusted for any charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses, and any deferred fees or costs.

Commitment fees and loan origination fees are deferred, and certain direct origination costs are capitalized. Both are recognized as an adjustment of the yield of the related loan.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is ninety days delinquent unless the loan is well collateralized and in process of collection. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”). The following is a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies with respect to the ACL:

ACL - Debt Securities Available for Sale. Management uses a systematic methodology to determine its ACL for debt securities available for sale. Each quarter management evaluates impairment where there has been a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with the decline in fair value. The Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either one of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, among various other factors, including the nature of the collateral, potential future changes in collateral values, default rates, delinquency rates, third-party guarantees, credit ratings, interest rate changes since purchase, volatility of the security’s fair value and historical loss information for financial assets secured with similar collateral among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, an ACL is recorded, which is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Credit losses are calculated individually, rather than collectively. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income.

Changes in the ACL are recorded as credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the ACL when management believes the collectability of the debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Management excludes the accrued interest receivable balance from the amortized cost basis in measuring expected credit losses on the debt securities available for sale and does not record an ACL on accrued interest receivable. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024 the accrued interest receivable for debt securities available for sale recognized in accrued interest receivable was $158,000 and $153,000, respectively.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

ACL – Debt Securities Held to Maturity. The Company measures expected credit losses on debt securities held to maturity on a collective basis by major security type. U.S. Government agency securities, Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. Taxable municipal securities are highly rated by major credit agencies.

ACL - Loans. The ACL reflects management’s estimate of losses that will result from the inability of our borrowers to make required loan payments. The Company records loans charged-off against the ACL when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed and subsequent recoveries, if any, increase the ACL when they are recognized.

Management uses systematic methodologies to determine its ACL for loans and certain off- balance sheet credit exposures. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan portfolio. Management estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of the expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for the differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors.

The Company’s estimate of its ACL involves a high degree of judgment; therefore, management’s process for determining expected credit losses may result in a range of expected credit losses.

The Company’s ACL recorded in the balance sheet reflects management’s best estimate of expected credit losses. The Company recognizes in earnings the amount needed to adjust the ACL for management’s current estimate of expected credit losses. The Company’s ACL is calculated using collectively evaluated and individually evaluated loans.

The ACL is measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans with similar risk characteristics are grouped into homogenous segments for analysis. The Company’s ACL is measured based on FDIC call report codes as these types of loans exhibit similar risk characteristics. The loan portfolio is further segmented by loan product type, collateral codes, occupancy codes, property code or lien position and are representative of the manner in which the Company lends.

The ACL for each segment is measured through the use of the average charge-off method. In accordance with the average charge-off method, an annual loss rate is applied to the amortized cost of an asset or pool of assets over the remaining expected life. The annual loss rate consists of historical and forecasted loss components. The forecasted component is applied using loss rates from historical periods that management believes are representative of economic conditions over a full economic cycle. For certain loan segments with limited credit loss histories, management determined the loss experience of peer banks provides the best basis for its assessment of expected credit losses. Other loan segments with more established loss histories utilize historical loss experience of the Company. Management determined that the appropriate historical loss period will begin in the first quarter of 2001 and continue through the most recent quarter, which represents a full peak to peak economic cycle. Additionally, management has determined that the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast period is one year.

Included in its systematic methodology to determine its ACL, management considers the need to qualitatively adjust model results for risk factors that are not considered within the Company’s loss estimation process but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within our loan pools.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

These qualitative factors (“Q-Factors”) may increase or decrease management’s estimate of expected credit losses by a calculated percentage based upon the estimated level of risk. The various risks that may be considered in making Q-Factor adjustments include, among other things, the impact of 1) changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards; 2) changes in international, national, regional and local economic conditions; 3) changes in the volume and severity of past due and nonaccrual status; 4) the effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the levels of such concentrations; 5) changes in the experience, depth, and ability of lending management; 6) changes in nature and volume of the portfolio; 7) trends in underlying collateral values; 8) changes in the quality of the loan review system and 9) the effect of other external factors (i.e., competition, legal and regulatory requirements) on the level of estimated credit losses.

The annual loss rates, as defined above, adjusted for Q-Factors, are applied to the amortized loan balances over each subsequent period and aggregated to arrive at the General ACL. The amortized loan balances are adjusted based on management’s estimate of loan repayments in future periods.

When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with its segment, the asset is assessed to determine whether it should be included in another segment or should be individually evaluated. The Company has adopted the collateral maintenance practical expedient to measure the ACL based on the fair value of collateral. Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These loans do not share common risk characteristics and are not included within the collectively evaluated loans for determining ACL. A Specific ACL is calculated on an individual loan basis based on the shortfall between the fair value of the loan’s collateral, which is adjusted for selling costs, and amortized cost. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the amortized cost, no allowance is required. Financial assets that have been individually evaluated can be returned to a pool for purposes of estimating the expected credit loss to the extent their credit profile improves and that the repayment terms were not considered to be unique to the asset.

Management measures expected credit losses over the contractual term of a loan. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications unless either of the following applies:

	●	Management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a loan modification will be executed with an individual borrower.

	●	The extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company.

The Company follows its nonaccrual policy by reversing contractual interest income in the consolidated statements of income when the Company places a loan on nonaccrual status. Therefore, management excludes the accrued interest receivable balance from the amortized cost basis in measuring expected credit losses on the portfolio and does not record an ACL on accrued interest receivable. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024 the accrued interest receivable for loans was $3.4 million. and $3.1 million, respectively.

ACL - Off -Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. The Company has a variety of assets that have a component that qualifies as an off-balance sheet exposure. These primarily include commitments to extend credit, construction loans, standby letters of credit, and unfunded commitments under revolving lines of credit. The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. Management has determined that a majority of the Company’s off-balance-sheet credit exposures are not unconditionally cancellable.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over their expected lives. Management used its judgement to determinate funding rates. Management applied the funding rates, along with the loss factor rate determined for each pooled loan segment, to unfunded loan commitments, excluding unconditionally cancellable exposures and letters of credit, to arrive at the reserve for unfunded loan commitments.

As of December 31, 2025, and 2024 the liability recorded for expected credit losses on unfunded commitments was $270,000 and $161,000 respectively, and is included in “other liabilities” on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The current adjustment to the ACL for unfunded commitments is recognized through credit loss expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Premises and Equipment. Land is stated at cost. Buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures, equipment, and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each type of asset or lease term, if shorter.

Leases. We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception and recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments at the lease commencement date. As our leases do not provide implicit rates, we use our incremental borrowing rate commensurate with the underlying lease terms. Lease agreements that have lease and non-lease components, are accounted for as a single lease component. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Transfer of Financial Assets. Transfers of financial assets or a participating interest in an entire financial asset are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. A participating interest is a portion of an entire financial asset that (1) conveys proportionate ownership rights with equal priority to each participating interest holder, (2) involves no recourse (other than standard representations and warranties) to, or subordination by, any participating interest holder, and (3) does not entitle any participating interest holder to receive cash before any other participating interest holder.

Revenue Recognition. The majority of the Company’s revenues come from interest income and financial assets, including loans, and securities which are outside the accounting guidance with respect to revenue from contracts with customers. The Company’s services that fall within this guidance are presented within non-interest income and are recognized as revenue as the Company satisfies its obligation to the customer. The following summarizes the Company’s revenue recognition accounting policy for service charges and fees.

Service Charges and Fees. Service charges and fees consist of fees earned on transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include services such as wire fees, ATM use fees, debit card interchange fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering, and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that it the point in time the Company fulfills the customer’s request and satisfies the performance obligation. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer’s account balance.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Income Taxes. There are two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods.

Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company provides reserves for potential payments of tax related to uncertain tax positions. These reserves are based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be realized following resolution of any potential contingencies present related to the tax benefit. Potential interest and penalties associated with such uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

The Company and the Bank file a consolidated income tax return. Income taxes are allocated proportionately to the Company and the Bank as though separate income tax returns were filed.

Advertising. The Company expenses all media advertising as incurred. Media advertising expense included in other noninterest expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income was approximately $190,000 and $293,000 during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Stock Compensation Plan. The Company has adopted the fair value recognition method and expenses the fair value of any stock options as they vest. Under the fair value recognition method, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Earnings Per Share.

Basic earnings per share have been computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods. Each share of Series B Preferred stock can be converted into 8,172 common shares, and each share of Series C Convertible Preferred stock can be converted into one share of common stock at any time at the option of the holder. The conversion feature is considered to be diluted earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with ASC 260. The dilutive effect is calculated using the if-converted method.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

	2025		2024
	Year Ended December 31,
	2025		2024
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic earnings per share
Net income	$	16,648	$	13,124
Weighted average common shares outstanding		11,697,065		9,445,535
Earnings per share	$	1.42	$	1.39
Diluted earnings per share
Net income	$	16,648	$	13,124
Weighted average common shares outstanding		11,697,065		9,445,535
Add: Dilutive effect Series B preferred, and series C preferred		11,721,036		11,513,146
Average shares and diluted potential common shares		23,418,101		20,958,681
Earnings per share - Basic	$	1.42	$	1.39
Earnings per share – Diluted (1)		0.71		0.63

(1)

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments. In the ordinary course of business, the Company may enter into off-balance-sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit, unused lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded.

Fair Value Measurements. Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities that are not active; and model-driven valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable. Valuations may be obtained from, or corroborated by, third-party pricing services.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs to measure fair value of assets and liabilities for which there is little, if any market activity at the measurement date, using reasonable inputs and assumptions based upon the best information at the time, to the extent that inputs are available without undue cost and effort.

The following describes valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value:

Debt Securities. Where quoted prices are available in an active market, debt securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 debt securities include highly liquid government bonds and certain mortgage products. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include certain collateralized mortgage obligations, mortgage-backed securities, SBA pool securities and taxable municipal securities.

Collateral Dependent Loans. The fair value of collateral dependent loans with specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and collateral underlying such loans. Such adjustments result in level 3 fair value classification for collateral dependent loans measured at fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Collateral dependent loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the allowance policy.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO): Other real estate owned consists of real property acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure on loans previously classified as held for investment. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell at the date of foreclosure. Subsequent to initial recognition, OREO is carried at the lower carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Declines in fair value are recognized through write-downs charged to noninterest expense. Costs related to holding OREO, including insurance, taxes, and maintenance, are expenses as incurred. OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value classification.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Fair Values of Financial Instruments. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair values of financial instruments disclosed herein:

Cash and Cash Equivalents. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair value (Level 1).

Debt Securities. Fair values for debt securities are based on the framework for measuring fair value established by GAAP (Level 2).

Loans. For variable-rate loans that are repriced frequently and have no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for fixed-rate loans, including fixed-rate residential and commercial real estate and commercial loans, are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality (Level 3).

Other real estate owned: Fair values of OREO are based on current market information, including recent real estate appraisals, and are reduced by estimated costs of sale. Appraisals may utilize one or more valuation approaches, including the sales comparison, cost, and/or income approach. Because these valuations rely on significant unobservable inputs and judgment, OREO is classified as (Level 3).

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock. Fair value of the Company’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock is based on its redemption value, which is its cost of $100 per share (Level 3).

Accrued Interest Receivable. The carrying amount of accrued interest approximates its fair value (Level 3).

Deposit Liabilities. The fair values disclosed for demand, NOW, money-market and savings deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (that is, their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate time deposits are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on time deposits to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities of time deposits (Level 3).

Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Advances. Fair values are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowings (Level 3).

Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments. Fair values for off-balance-sheet lending commitments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing (Level 3).

Comprehensive Income. GAAP generally requires that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in consolidated assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on debt securities available for sale, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets, such items along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following:

	2025			2024
	December 31,
	2025			2024
(dollars in thousands)
Unrealized loss on debt securities available for sale	$	(6,145	)	$	(7,473	)
Unamortized portion of unrealized loss related to debt securities available for sale transferred to debt securities held-to-maturity		(10	)		(10	)
Income tax benefit		1,558			1,913

Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(4,597	)	$	(5,570	)

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements:

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 during the year ended December 31, 2025. The amendments enhance income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The adoption of this guidance was applied prospectively and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted:

FASB ASU No. 2023-06, “Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative”. This ASU amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB ASC. The amendments in this ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC’s regulations. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity.

FASB ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures”. This amendment requires enhanced disaggregation of certain expense categories within the income statement to provide more detailed information about the nature and function of expenses. The objective is to improve the transparency and usefulness of financial statements for users by offering greater insight into the components of operating expenses. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. These changes may be applied prospectively or retroactively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its disclosures.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued

FASB ASU 2025-03, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity”. This amendment determining the Accounting Acquirer in a Business Combination Involving a Variable Interest Entity. This update clarifies how to identify the accounting acquirer when a business combination involves a variable interest entity. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendment must be applied prospectively for business combinations occurring on or after the adoption date. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Capitalization and Disclosure Improvements”. This amendment provides updated guidance on the capitalization of costs related to internal-use software and expands the required disclosures. The objective is to clarify when capitalization is appropriate and to enhance the transparency of financial reporting related to internal-use software development. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after a date to be specified by the FASB (issued in September 2025). Adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(2) Debt Securities. Debt securities have been classified according to management’s intent. The carrying amount of debt securities and approximate fair values are as follows:

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2025:
Available for sale:
SBA Pool Securities	$	439	$	—	$	(10	)	$	429
Collateralized mortgage obligations		118		—		(12	)		106
Taxable municipal securities		16,616		—		(3,990	)		12,626
Mortgage-backed securities		14,156		—		(2,133	)		12,023
Total	$	31,329	$	—	$	(6,145	)	$	25,184

Held-to-maturity:
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	214	$	—	$	(24	)	$	190

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2024:
Available for sale:
SBA Pool Securities	$	581	$	—	$	(14	)	$	567
Collateralized mortgage obligations		128		—		(17	)		111
Taxable municipal securities		16,654		—		(4,740	)		11,914
Mortgage-backed securities		12,883		—		(2,702	)		10,181
Total	$	30,246	$	—	$	(7,473	)	$	22,773

Held-to-maturity:
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	281	$	—	$	(34	)	$	247

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Debt Securities, continued

There were no sales of debt securities available for sale during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Debt securities with gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous loss position, are as follows:

	Over Twelve Months
	Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2025:
Available for Sale:
SBA Pool Securities	$	(10	)		429
Collateralized mortgage obligations	$	(12	)		106
Taxable municipal securities	$	(3,990	)		12,626
Mortgage-backed securities	$	(2,133	)		12,023
Total		(6,145	)		25,184
At December 31, 2024:
Available for Sale:
SBA Pool Securities	$	(14	)	$	567
Collateralized mortgage obligations		(17	)		111
Taxable municipal securities	$	(4,740	)	$	11,914
Mortgage-backed securities	$	(2,702	)	$	10,181
Total		(7,473	)		22,773

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the unrealized losses on forty-two42 and forty debt securities, respectively, were primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates and other market conditions.

The Company performed an analysis that determined that the mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, and SBA pool securities, have a zero expected credit loss as they have the full faith and credit backing of the U.S. government or one of its agencies. Municipal bonds that do not have a zero expected credit loss are evaluated at least quarterly to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with a decline in fair value. At December 31, 2025 and 2024 all municipal securities were rated as investment grade. All debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2025 continue to perform as scheduled and the Company does not believe that there is a credit loss or that credit loss expense is necessary. Also, as part of our evaluation of our intent and ability to hold investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the market, the Company considers our investment strategy, cash flow needs, liquidity position, capital adequacy and interest rate risk position. The Company does not currently intend to sell the investments within the portfolio, and it is not more-likely-than-not that a sale will be required.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Debt Securities, continued

Management continues to monitor all of our investments with a high degree of scrutiny. There can be no assurance that in a future period, conditions may exist at that time indicating that some or all of the Company’s securities may be sold that would require a charge to earnings as credit loss expense in such period.

The Company’s debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity all have contractual maturity dates which are greater than nine years as of December 31, 2025. Expected maturities of these debt securities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(3) Loans. The components of loans are as follows:

Schedule of Components of Loans


	At December 31,
	2025			2024
(dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate	$	74,018		$	74,064
Multi-family real estate		65,693			64,001
Commercial real estate		666,508			485,671
Land and construction		36,212			77,295
Commercial		48,196			52,810
Consumer		68,166			50,399
Total loans		958,793			804,240

Deduct:
Net deferred loan fees		(1,226	)		(595	)
Allowance for credit losses		(10,273	)		(8,660	)
Loans, net	$	947,294		$	794,985

The Company makes the majority of its loans to borrowers in Broward County, Florida and portions of Palm Beach and Miami-Dade Counties, Florida. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, a significant portion of its borrowers’ ability to repay their loans and meet their contractual obligations to the Company is dependent upon the economy in Broward, Palm Beach and Miami-Dade Counties, Florida.

An analysis of the change in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, follows:

	Residential		Multi-Family
	Real Estate		Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate			Land and Construction			Commercial			Consumer			Total
(dollars in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2025:
Beginning balance	$	1,114	$	786		$	2,705		$	2,015		$	1,675		$	365		$	8,660
Credit loss expense (reversal)		340		(120	)		1,903			(938	)		676			66			1,927
Charge-offs		—		—			—			—			—			(727	)		(727	)
Recoveries collected		23		—			—			—			—			390			413
Ending balance (December 31, 2025)	$	1,477	$	666		$	4,608		$	1,077		$	2,351		$	94		$	10,273

Year Ended December 31, 2024:
Beginning balance		1,020	$	1,041		$	3,793		$	1,019		$	281		$	529		$	7,683
Credit loss expense (reversal)		94		(255	)		(1,088	)		996			1,411			1,214			2,372
Charge-offs		—		—			—			—			(17	)		(1,760	)		(1,777	)
Recoveries collected		—		—			—			—			—			382			382
Ending balance (December 31, 2024)	$	1,114	$	786		$	2,705		$	2,015		$	1,675		$	365		$	8,660
Ending balance	$	1,114	$	786		$	2,705		$	2,015		$	1,675		$	365		$	8,660

Reconciliation of Credit Loss Expense

The following table provides a reconciliation of the credit loss expense on the consolidated statements of income between the funded and unfunded components at the dates indicated:


	At December 31,
	2025		2024
Credit loss expense - funded	$	1,927	$	2,372
Credit loss expense - unfunded		109		(150	)
Total Credit loss expense	$	2,036	$	2,222

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(3) Loans, Continued.

Residential Real Estate, Multi-Family Real Estate, Commercial Real Estate, Land and Construction. All loans are underwritten in accordance with policies set forth and approved by the Board of Directors (the “Board”), including repayment capacity and source, value of the underlying property, credit history and stability. Residential real estate loans are underwritten based on repayment capacity and source, value of the underlying property, credit history and stability. Multi-family and commercial real estate loans are secured by the subject property. Underwriting standards include, among other factors, loan to value limits, cash flow coverage and general creditworthiness of the obligors. Construction loans to borrowers finance the construction of owner occupied and leased properties. These loans are categorized as construction loans during the construction period, later converting to commercial or residential real estate loans after the construction is complete and amortization of the loan begins. Real estate development and construction loans are approved based on an analysis of the borrower and guarantor, the viability of the project and on an acceptable percentage of the appraised value of the property securing the loan. Real estate development and construction loan funds are disbursed periodically based on the percentage of construction completed. The Company carefully monitors these loans with on-site inspections and requires the receipt of lien waivers on funds advanced. Development and construction loans are typically secured by the properties under development or construction, and personal guarantees are typically obtained. Further, to assure that reliance is not placed solely on the value of the underlying property, the Company considers the market conditions and feasibility of proposed projects, the financial condition and reputation of the borrower and guarantors, the amount of the borrower’s equity in the project, independent appraisals, cost estimates and pre-construction sales information. The Company also makes loans on occasion for the purchase of land for future development by the borrower. Land loans are extended for future development for either commercial or residential use by the borrower. The Company carefully analyzes the intended use of the property and the viability thereof.

Commercial. Commercial business loans and lines of credit consist of loans to small- and medium-sized companies in the Company’s market area. Commercial loans are generally used for working capital purposes or for acquiring equipment, inventory or furniture. Primarily all of the Company’s commercial loans are secured loans, along with a small amount of unsecured loans. The Company’s underwriting analysis consists of a review of the financial statements of the borrower, the lending history of the borrower, the debt service capabilities of the borrower, the projected cash flows of the business, the value of the collateral, if any, and whether the loan is guaranteed by the principals of the borrower. These loans are generally secured by accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Commercial loans are typically made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business, which makes them of higher risk than residential loans and the collateral securing loans may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. The Company seeks to minimize these risks through its underwriting standards.

Consumer. Consumer loans are extended for various purposes, including purchases of automobiles, recreational vehicles, and boats. Also offered are home improvement loans, lines of credit, personal loans, and deposit account collateralized loans. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Loans to consumers are extended after a credit evaluation, including the creditworthiness of the borrower(s), the purpose of the credit, and the secondary source of repayment. Consumer loans are made at fixed and variable interest rates. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(3) Loans, Continued.

Age analysis of past due loans at December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

	Accruing Loans
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans
(dollars in thousands)
At December 31, 2025:
Residential real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	74,018	$	—	$	74,018
Multi-family real estate		—		—		—		—		65,693		—		65,693
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		666,508		—		666,508
Land and construction		—		—		—		—		36,212		—		36,212
Commercial		—		—		—		—		45,299		2,897		48,196
Consumer		65		13		—		78		68,088		—		68,166

Total	$	65	$	13	$	—	$	78	$	955,818	$	2,897	$	958,793

At December 31, 2024:
Residential real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	74,064	$	—	$	74,064
Multi-family real estate		—		—		—		—		64,001		—		64,001
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		485,671		—		485,671
Land and construction		—		—		—		—		71,698		5,597		77,295
Commercial		—		—		—		—		51,436		1,374		52,810
Consumer		187		151		—		338		49,456		605		50,399

Total	$	187	$	151	$	—	$	338	$	796,326	$	7,576	$	804,240

Internally assigned loan grades are defined as follows:

	Pass –	a Pass loan’s primary source of loan repayment is satisfactory, with secondary sources very likely to be realized if necessary. These are loans that conform in all aspects to bank policy and regulatory requirements, and no repayment risk has been identified.

	OLEM –	an Other Loan Especially Mentioned has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or the Company’s credit position at some future date.

	Substandard –	a Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Included in this category are loans that are current on their payments, but the Bank is unable to document the source of repayment. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

	Doubtful –	a loan classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified as Substandard, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The Company charges off any loan classified as Doubtful.

	Loss –	a loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The Company fully charges off any loan classified as Loss.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(3) Loans, Continued.

Schedule of Amortized Cost Basis

	Year 5		Year 4		Year 3			Year 2			Year 1			Prior			Revolving Loans (Amortized Cost Basis)		Revolving Loans Convertedto Term Loans (Amortized Cost Basis)		Subtotal loans
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year																Revolving Loans (Amortized		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Amortized
	2025		2024		2023			2022			2021			Prior			Cost Basis)		Cost Basis)		Total
(dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate
Pass	$	13,949	$	—	$	21,156		$	20,677		$	7,636		$	10,121		$	—	$	—	$	73,539
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—			479			—			—			—		—		479
Doubtful		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Subtotal loans	$	13,949	$	—	$	21,156		$	21,156		$	7,636		$	10,121		$	—	$	—	$	74,018
Current period Gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—
Multi-family real estate
Pass	$	—	$	4,960	$	10,578		$	26,261		$	14,544		$	8,772		$	—	$	—	$	65,115
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		—		—		—			—			578			—			—		—		578
Substandard		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Subtotal loans	$	—	$	4,960	$	10,578		$	26,261		$	15,122		$	8,772		$	—	$	—	$	65,693
Current period Gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate (CRE)
Pass	$	208,756	$	70,050	$	124,442		$	182,591		$	45,228		$	33,547		$	—	$	—	$	664,614
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		—		—		745			—			—			—			—		—		745
Substandard		—		—		—			—			—			1,149			—		—		1,149
Doubtful		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Subtotal loans	$	208,756	$	70,050	$	125,187		$	182,591		$	45,228		$	34,696		$	—	$	—	$	666,508
Current period Gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—
Land and construction
Pass	$	5,500	$	1,799	$	8,185		$	19,457		$	1,271		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	36,212
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Subtotal loans	$	5,500	$	1,799	$	8,185		$	19,457		$	1,271		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	36,212
Current period Gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial business loans
Pass	$	21,715	$	6,660	$	12,916		$	1,305		$	386		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	42,982
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		—		—		2,317			—			—			—			—		—		2,317
Substandard		1,117		901		879			—			—			—			—		—		2,897
Doubtful		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Subtotal loans	$	22,832	$	7,561	$	16,112		$	1,305		$	386		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	48,196
Current period Gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—
Consumer
Pass	$	2,865	$	—	$	64		$	93		$	152		$	—		$	64,992	$	—	$	68,166
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		—		—
Subtotal loans	$	2,865	$	—	$	64		$	93		$	152		$	—		$	64,992	$	—	$	68,166
Current period Gross write-offs	$	—		—		(334	)		(323	)		(33	)		(37	)		—	$	—	$	(727	)

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(3) Loans, Continued.

	Year 5		Year 4		Year 3		Year 2		Year 1		Prior		Revolving Loans (Amortized Cost Basis)		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Amortized Cost Basis)		Subtotal loans
	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving Loans (Amortized		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (Amortized
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis)		Cost Basis)		Total
(dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate
Pass	$	7,500	$	21,301	$	20,612	$	8,976	$	4,220	$	7,089	$	289	$	—	$	69,987
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		—		—		1,563		—		—		—		—		—		1,563
Substandard		—		—		1,880		—		—		634		—		—		2,514
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal loans	$	7,500	$	21,301	$	24,055	$	8,976	$	4,220	$	7,723	$	289	$	—	$	74,064
Current period Gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Multi-family real estate

OptimumBank Holdings, Inc. 10-K