UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~July~~October 31, 2024

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________________________________ to __________________________________

Commission File Number: 0-11306

VALUE LINE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York	13-3139843
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
551 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York	10176-0001
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

551 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York	10176-0001
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(212) 907-1500

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each Exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.10 par value per share	VALU	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒

Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding at ~~August~~November 3130, 2024
Common stock, $0.10 par value per share	9,~~418~~417,~~074~~674 shares

VALUE LINE, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page No.
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements
	Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024	3
	Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024	3
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023	4
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three and six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023	4
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023	5
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023	5
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023	6
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023	6
	Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended July 31, 2024	7
	Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and six months ended October 31, 2024	7
	Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended July 31, 2023	8
	Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and six months ended October 31, 2023	8
	Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2622
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3734
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3936
	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	3936
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	3936
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4037
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	40
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37
Item 5.	Other Information	40
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	37
Item 6.	Exhibits	41
Item 5.	Other Information	37
	Signatures	42
Item 6.	Exhibits	38
	Signatures	39

Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
					Value Line, Inc.
					Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets
					(in thousands, except share amounts)

	July 31,			April 30,
	2024			2024
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (including short term investments of $15,248 and $4,136, respectively)	$	15,628		$	4,390
Equity securities		21,724			16,344
Available-for-sale Fixed Income securities		33,928			47,611
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $31 and $31, respectively		1,229			1,310
Prepaid and refundable income taxes		-			209
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,090			1,160
Total current assets		73,599			71,024
Long term assets:
Investment in EAM Trust		60,371			60,134
Restricted money market investments		305			305
Property and equipment, net		4,164			4,440
Capitalized software and other intangible assets, net		118			132
Total long term assets		64,958			65,011
Total assets	$	138,557		$	136,035
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	867		$	1,430
Accrued salaries		895			1,020
Dividends payable		2,825			2,827
Accrued taxes on income		1,410			7
Operating lease obligation-short term		1,230			1,206
Unearned revenue		15,991			15,764
Total current liabilities		23,218			22,254
Long term liabilities:
Unearned revenue		5,085			6,517
Operating lease obligation-long term		3,262			3,578
Deferred income taxes		13,139			12,893
Total long term liabilities		21,486			22,988
Total liabilities		44,704			45,242
Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock, $0.10 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued 10,000,000 shares		1,000			1,000
Additional paid-in capital		991			991
Retained earnings		107,311			104,249
Treasury stock, at cost (581,926 shares and 577,517 shares, respectively)		(15,373	)		(15,194	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		(76	)		(253	)
Total shareholders' equity		93,853			90,793
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	138,557		$	136,035

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Value Line, Inc. ~~Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (in thousands, except share & per share amounts) (unaudited)~~

	For the Three Months Ended
	July 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues:
Investment periodicals and related publications	$	6,287	$	6,457
Copyright fees		2,597		3,286
Total publishing revenues		8,884		9,743
Expenses:
Advertising and promotion		860		772
Salaries and employee benefits		3,543		3,740
Production and distribution		1,489		1,395
Office and administration		1,145		1,089
Total expenses		7,037		6,996
Income from operations		1,847		2,747
Revenues and profits interests in EAM Trust		4,241		2,857
Investment gains/(losses)		1,709		755
Income before income taxes		7,797		6,359
Income tax provision		1,910		1,500
Net income	$	5,887	$	4,859
Earnings per share, basic & fully diluted	$	0.62	$	0.52
Weighted average number of common shares		9,419,938		9,432,573

Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets

~~The~~(in ~~accompanying~~thousands, ~~notes~~except ~~are~~share ~~an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.~~amounts)

	October 31,			April 30,
	2024			2024
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (including short term investments of $10,985 and $4,136, respectively)	$	11,293		$	4,390
Equity securities		21,837		$	16,344
Available-for-sale Fixed Income securities		38,915			47,611
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $22 and $31, respectively		1,259			1,310
Prepaid and refundable income taxes		599			209
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		955			1,160
Total current assets		74,858			71,024

Long term assets:
Investment in EAM Trust		60,786			60,134
Restricted money market investments		305			305
Property and equipment, net		3,940			4,440
Capitalized software and other intangible assets, net		103			132
Total long term assets		65,134			65,011

Total assets	$	139,992		$	136,035

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	952		$	1,430
Accrued salaries		989			1,020
Dividends payable		2,826			2,827
Accrued taxes on income		44			7
Operating lease obligation-short term		1,230			1,206
Unearned revenue		15,856			15,764
Total current liabilities		21,897			22,254

Long term liabilities:
Unearned revenue		5,010			6,517
Operating lease obligation-long term		2,966			3,578
Deferred income taxes		13,404			12,893
Total long term liabilities		21,380			22,988
Total liabilities		43,277			45,242

Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock, $0.10 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued 10,000,000 shares		1,000			1,000
Additional paid-in capital		991			991
Retained earnings		110,170			104,249
Treasury stock, at cost (581,926 shares and 577,517 shares, respectively)		(15,372	)		(15,194	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax		(74	)		(253	)
Total shareholders' equity		96,715			90,793

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	139,992		$	136,035

~~Part~~The Iaccompanying -notes ~~Financial~~are ~~Information~~an ~~Item~~integral 1.part ~~Financial Statements Value Line, Inc. Consolidated Condensed Statements~~ of ~~Comprehensive~~these ~~Income~~consolidated ~~(in~~condensed ~~thousands)~~financial ~~(unaudited)~~statements.

	For the Three Months Ended
	July 31,
	2024		2023
Net income	$	5,887	$	4,859
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) on
Fixed Income securities, net of tax		177		(212	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		177		(212	)
Comprehensive income	$	6,064	$	4,647

~~The~~Part ~~accompanying~~I ~~notes~~- ~~are~~Financial ~~an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.~~Information

5Item 1. Financial Statements

Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
			Value Line, Inc.
			Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
			(in thousands)
			(unaudited)

Value Line, Inc.

	For the Three Months Ended
	July 31,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	5,887		$	4,859
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		294			348
Investment (gains)/losses		(950	)		(221	)
Non-voting revenues interest in EAM Trust		(3,680	)		(2,616	)
Non-voting profits interest in EAM Trust		(561	)		(241	)
Distributions received from EAM Trust		4,004			2,674
Deferred income taxes		315			40
Deferred rent		(292	)		(326	)
Other		-			(352	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Unearned revenue		(1,205	)		(1,347	)
Accounts payable & accrued expenses		(563	)		(201	)
Accrued salaries		(125	)		25
Accrued taxes on income		1,287			1,289
Prepaid and refundable income taxes		209			322
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		70			186
Accounts receivable		81			619
Total adjustments		(1,116	)		199
Net cash provided by operating activities		4,771			5,058
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of equity securities		(4,520	)		(513	)
Purchases of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale		(2,450	)		(16,020	)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities		90			516
Proceeds from sales of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale		16,357			15,750
Acquisition of property and equipment		(4	)		-
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		9,473			(267	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock at cost		(179	)		(188	)
Dividends paid		(2,827	)		(2,642	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(3,006	)		(2,830	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		11,238			1,961
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		4,695			7,895
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	15,933		$	9,856

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income

~~The~~(in ~~accompanying~~thousands, ~~notes~~except ~~are~~share an& ~~integral~~per ~~part~~share ~~of these consolidated condensed financial statements.~~amounts)

6(unaudited)

Part I - Financial Information
		For the Three Months Ended					For the Six Months Ended
Item 1. Financial Statements
		October 31,					October 31,
	Value Line, Inc.
		2024		2023			2024		2023
	Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
Revenues:
	For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2024
Investment periodicals and related publications		$	6,182	$	6,398		$	12,469	$	12,855
	(in thousands, except share amounts)
Copyright fees			2,659		3,212			5,256		6,498
	(unaudited)
Total publishing revenues			8,841		9,610			17,725		19,353
Expenses:
Advertising and promotion			862		585			1,722		1,357
Salaries and employee benefits			3,575		3,697			7,118		7,437
Production and distribution			1,449		1,480			2,938		2,875
Office and administration			1,211		1,174			2,356		2,263
Total expenses			7,097		6,936			14,134		13,932
Income from operations			1,744		2,674			3,591		5,421
Revenues and profits interests in EAM Trust			4,630		2,995			8,871		5,852
Investment gains/(losses)			1,186		(1,079	)		2,895		(324	)
Income before income taxes			7,560		4,590			15,357		10,949
Income tax provision			1,875		1,102			3,785		2,602
Net income		$	5,685	$	3,488		$	11,572	$	8,347
Earnings per share, basic & fully diluted		$	0.60	$	0.37		$	1.23	$	0.89
Weighted average number of common shares			9,418,074		9,429,169			9,419,006		9,430,871

	Common stock				Additional paid-in-		Treasury stock						Retained			Accumulated other comprehensive
	Shares		Amount		capital		Shares			Amount			earnings			income			Total
Balance at April 30, 2024		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991		(577,517	)	$	(15,194	)	$	104,249		$	(253	)	$	90,793
Net income														5,887						5,887
Change in unrealized gains on Fixed Income securities, net of taxes																	177			177
Purchase of treasury stock								(4,409	)		(179	)								(179	)
Dividends declared														(2,825	)					(2,825	)
Balance at July 31, 2024		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991		(581,926	)	$	(15,373	)	$	107,311		$	(76	)	$	93,853

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

~~Dividends declared per common share were $0.30 for the three months ending July 31, 2024.~~4

~~The~~Part ~~accompanying~~I ~~notes~~- ~~are~~Financial ~~an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.~~Information

7Item 1. Financial Statements

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Value Line, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2023

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(unaudited)

Value Line, Inc.

	Common stock				Additional paid-in-		Treasury stock						Retained			Accumulated other comprehensive
	Shares		Amount		capital		Shares			Amount			earnings			income			Total
Balance at April 30, 2023		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991		(565,460	)	$	(14,671	)	$	95,979		$	374		$	83,673
Net income														4,859						4,859
Change in unrealized gains on Fixed Income securities, net of taxes																	(212	)		(212	)
Purchase of treasury stock								(4,011	)		(188	)								(188	)
Dividends declared														(2,641	)					(2,641	)
Balance at July 31, 2023		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991		(569,471	)	$	(14,859	)	$	98,197		$	162		$	85,491

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income

~~Dividends~~(in ~~declared per common share were $0.28 for the three months ending July 31, 2023.~~thousands)

~~The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.~~(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended					For the Six Months Ended
	October 31,					October 31,
	2024		2023			2024		2023


Net income	$	5,685	$	3,488		$	11,572	$	8,347

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) on
Fixed Income securities, net of tax		2		(448	)		179		(660	)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)		2		(448	)		179		(660	)
Comprehensive income	$	5,687	$	3,040		$	11,751	$	7,687

~~Value~~The ~~Line,~~accompanying ~~Inc.~~notes ~~Notes~~are toan ~~Consolidated~~integral ~~Condensed~~part ~~Financial~~of ~~Statements~~these ~~July~~consolidated ~~31,~~condensed ~~2024~~financial ~~(Unaudited)~~statements.

~~Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:~~5

~~Value~~Part ~~Line,~~I Inc. ("Value Line" or "VLI", and collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is incorporated in the State of New York. The name "Value Line" as used to describe the Company, its products, and its subsidiaries, is a registered trademark of the Company. The Company's core business is producing investment periodicals and their underlying research and making available certain Value Line copyrights, Value Line trademarks and Value Line Proprietary Ranks and other proprietary information, to third parties under written agreements for use in third-~~party~~ managed and marketed investment products and for other purposes. The Company maintains a significant investment in Eulav Asset Management LLC ("EAM") from which it receives a non-voting revenues interest and a non-voting profits interest. Pursuant to the EAM Declaration of Trust dated as of December 23, 2010 (the "EAM Trust Agreement"), VLI granted EAM the right to use the Value Line name for all existing Value Line Funds and agreed to supply, without charge or expense, the Value Line Proprietary Ranking System information to EAM for use in managing the Value Line Funds. EAM was established to provide investment management services to the Value Line Mutual Funds ("Value Line Funds" or the "Funds"). The Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, which have been derived from the unaudited interim Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively, were prepared following the interim reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying Unaudited Interim Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals except as noted below) considered necessary for a fair presentation. This report should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 filed with the SEC on July 26, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”). Results of operations covered by this report may not be indicative of the results of operations for the entire year.Information

~~Use~~Item ~~of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U~~1.S. ~~generally~~Financial accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Accordingly, actual results may differ from those estimates.Statements

~~Principles~~Value of Consolidation: The Company follows the guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Topic 810 “Consolidation” to determine if it should consolidate its investment in a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is a legal entity in which either (i) equity investors do not have sufficient equity investment at risk to enable the entity to finance its activities independently or (ii) the equity holders at risk lack the obligation to absorb lossesLine, ~~the right to receive residual returns or the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities that most significantly affect the entity's economic performance~~Inc. A holder of a variable interest in a VIE is required to consolidate the entity if it is determined that it has a controlling financial interest in the VIE and is therefore the primary beneficiary. The determination of a controlling financial interest in a VIE is based on a qualitative assessment to identify the variable interest holder, if any, that has (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and (ii) either the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The accounting guidance requires the Company to perform an ongoing assessment of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE and the Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary of a VIE (see Note 3).

In accordance with FASB's Topic 810, the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling interest have been consolidated. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company holds a significant non-voting revenues interest (excluding distribution revenues) and a significant non-voting profits interest in EULAV Asset Management, a Delaware statutory trust (“EAM” or “EAM Trust”). The Company relied on the guidance in FASB's ASC Topics 323 and 810 in its determination not to consolidate its investment in EAM and to account for such investment under the equity method of accounting. The Company reports the amount it earns for its non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests as a separate line item below operating income in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of ~~Income.~~Cash Flows

Revenue Recognition: Depending upon the product, subscription fulfillment for Value Line periodicals and related publications is available in print or digitally, via internet access. The length of a subscription varies by product and offer received by the subscriber. Generally, subscriptions are offered as annual subscriptions with the majority of subscriptions paid in advance. Subscription revenues, net of discounts, are recognized ratably on a straight line basis when the product is served to the client over the life of the subscription. Accordingly, the amount of subscription fees to be earned by fulfilling subscriptions after the date of the balance sheets are shown as unearned revenue within current and long-term liabilities. Copyright fees are derived from providing certain Value Line trademarks and the Value Line Proprietary Ranks to third parties under written agreements for use in selecting securities for third party marketed products, including unit investment trusts, annuities and exchange traded funds (~~"ETFs"). The Company earns asset-based copyright fees upon delivery to the customer as specified~~ in the individual agreements. Revenue is recognized monthly and received either quarterly or in advance over the term of the agreement and, because it is asset-based, will fluctuate as the market value of the underlying portfolio increases or decreases in value. EAM earns investment management fees from the Value Line Funds. The management fees and average daily net assets for the Value Line Funds are calculated by State Street Bank, which serves as the fund accountant, fund administrator, and custodian of the Value Line Funds. The Value Line Funds are open-end management companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"thousands). Shareholder transactions for the Value Line Funds are processed each business day by the third party transfer agent of the Funds. Shares can be redeemed without advance notice upon request of the shareowners each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open.

9(unaudited)

Investment in Unconsolidated Entities: The Company accounts for its investment in its unconsolidated entity, EAM, using the equity method of accounting in accordance with FASB’s ASC 323. The equity method is an appropriate means of recognizing increases or decreases measured by GAAP in the economic resources underlying the investments. Under the equity method, an investor recognizes its share of the earnings or losses of an investee in the periods for which they are reported by the investee in its financial statements rather than in the period in which an investee declares a dividend or distribution. An investor adjusts the carrying amount of an investment for its share of the earnings or losses recognized by the investee. The Company’s “interests” in EAM, the investment adviser to and the sole member of the distributor of the Value Line Funds, consist of a "non-voting revenues interest" and a "non-voting profits interest" in EAM as defined in the EAM Trust Agreement. The non-voting revenues interest entitles the Company to receive a range of 41% to 55%, based on the amount of EAM’s adjusted gross revenues, excluding EULAV Securities' distribution revenues (“Revenues Interest”). The non-voting profits interest entitles the Company to receive 50% of EAM's profits, subject to certain limited adjustments as defined in the EAM Trust Agreement (“Profits Interest”). The Revenues Interest and at least 90% of the Profits Interest are to be distributed each quarter to all interest holders of EAM, including Value Line. The Company's Revenues Interest in EAM excludes participation in the service and distribution fees of EAM's subsidiary EULAV Securities. The Company reflects its non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests in EAM as non-operating income under the equity method of accounting. Although the Company does not have control over the operating and financial policies of EAM, pursuant to the EAM Trust Agreement, the Company has a contractual right to receive its share of EAM's revenues and profits.

	For the Six Months Ended
	October 31,
	2024			2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	11,572		$	8,347
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		594			691
Investment (gains)/losses		(1,524	)		1,478
Non-voting revenues interest in EAM Trust		(7,726	)		(5,337	)
Non-voting profits interest in EAM Trust		(1,145	)		(515	)
Distributions received from EAM Trust		8,219			5,508
Deferred income taxes		497			(370	)
Deferred rent		(588	)		(656	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Unearned revenue		(1,415	)		(1,016	)
Accounts payable & accrued expenses		(478	)		(234	)
Accrued salaries		(31	)		1
Accrued taxes on income		3			(352	)
Prepaid and refundable income taxes		(390	)		240
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		205			318
Accounts receivable		51			(2,340	)
Total adjustments		(3,728	)		(2,584	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		7,844			5,763

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of equity securities		(7,045	)		(993	)
Purchases of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale		(13,441	)		(23,079	)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities		3,075			999
Proceeds from sales of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale		22,365			19,265
Acquisition of property and equipment		(65	)		-
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		4,889			(3,808	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock at cost		(178	)		(338	)
Dividends paid		(5,652	)		(5,283	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(5,830	)		(5,621	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		6,903			(3,666	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		4,695			7,895
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	11,598		$	4,229

~~Recent~~The ~~Accounting~~accompanying ~~Pronouncements:~~notes Inare November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07, “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires disclosures of significant expenses by segment and interim disclosure of items that were previously required on an ~~annual~~integral ~~basis.~~part ASU 2023-07 is to be applied on a retrospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We are evaluating the impact of ~~ASU~~these ~~2023-07~~consolidated oncondensed ~~disclosures~~financial ~~in our Consolidated Financial Statements~~statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which provides for additional disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliations and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to annually disclose the income tax rate reconciliation using both amounts and percentages, considering several categories of reconciling items, including state and local income taxes, foreign tax effects, tax credits and nontaxable or nondeductible items, among others. Disclosure of the reconciling items is subject to a quantitative threshold and disaggregation by nature and jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose net income taxes paid or received to federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, as well as by individual jurisdiction, subject to a five percent quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on disclosures in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Valuation of Securities: The Company's securities classified as cash equivalents, equity securities and available-for-sale fixed income securities consist of shares of money market funds that invest primarily in short-term U.S. Government securities, investments in equities including ETFs and fixed income securities invested primarily in short-term U.S. Treasury bills, and to a smaller extent bank certificates of deposit that are valued in accordance with the requirements of the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB's ASC 820. The securities classified as equity securities reflected in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets are valued at market and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income per FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01 ("ASU 2016-01"). The securities classified as available-for-sale fixed income securities reflected in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets are valued at market and unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable taxes, are reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity. Investment gains and losses on sales of the equity securities are the difference between proceeds from sales and the fair value of the equity securities at the beginning of the period or the purchase date, if later. Investment gains and losses on sales of the available-for-sale fixed income securities are the difference between proceeds from sales and the cost of the securities. Investment gains and losses on sales of all securities are recorded in earnings as of the trade date and are determined on the identified cost method.6

10Part I - Financial Information

~~The~~Item Company classifies its equity securities and available-for-sale fixed income securities as current assets to properly reflect its liquidity and to recognize the fact that it has liquid assets available-for-sale should the need arise1. ~~Market~~Financial valuations of securities listed on a securities exchange and ETF shares are based on the closing sales prices on the last business day of each month. The market value of the Company's fixed maturity U.S. Government debt securities is determined utilizing publicly quoted market prices. Cash equivalents consist of investments in money market funds that invest primarily in U.S. Government securities valued in accordance with rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. The Fair Value Measurements Topic of FASB's ASC defines fair value as the price that the Company would receive upon selling an investment in a timely transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market for the investment. The Fair Value Measurements Topic established a three-tier hierarchy to maximize the use of observable market data and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Inputs refer broadly to the information that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. Examples of risks include those inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value such as the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Inputs are classified as observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the factors market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The three-tier hierarchy of inputs is summarized in the three broad levels listed below. Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical investments Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)Statements

~~Level~~Value 3Line, ~~– significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments)~~Inc.

11 Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

~~The~~ For ~~following~~the ~~summarizes~~Three ~~the~~Months ~~levels~~Ended ofJuly ~~fair~~31, ~~value~~2024 ~~measurements~~and ofSix ~~the~~Months ~~Company’s~~Ended ~~investments:~~October 31, 2024

	As of July 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	15,248	$	-	$	-	$	15,248
Equity securities		21,724		-		-		21,724
Available-for-sale fixed income securities		33,928		-		-		33,928
	$	70,900	$	-	$	-	$	70,900

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	As of April 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	4,136	$	-	$	-	$	4,136
Equity securities		16,344		-		-		16,344
Available-for-sale fixed income securities		47,361		250		-		47,611
	$	67,841	$	250	$	-	$	68,091

(unaudited)

The Company had no other financial instruments such as futures, forwards and swap contracts. For the periods ended July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, there were no Level 3 investments. The Company does not have any liabilities that are subject to fair value measurement.

	Common stock				Additional paid-in-		Treasury stock						Retained			Accumulated other comprehensive
	Shares		Amount		capital		Shares			Amount			earnings			income			Total
Balance at April 30, 2024		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991		(577,517	)	$	(15,194	)	$	104,249		$	(253	)	$	90,793

Net income														5,887						5,887
Change in unrealized gains on Fixed Income securities, net of taxes																	177			177
Purchase of treasury stock								(4,409	)		(178	)								(178	)
Dividends declared														(2,825	)					(2,825	)
Balance at July 31, 2024		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991		(581,926	)	$	(15,372	)	$	107,311		$	(76	)	$	93,854

~~Advertising~~Dividends ~~expenses:~~declared ~~The~~per ~~Company~~common ~~expenses~~share ~~advertising~~were ~~costs~~$0.30 asfor ~~incurred~~the three months ending July 31, 2024.

Income Taxes: The Company computes its income tax provision in accordance with the Income Tax Topic of the FASB's ASC. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the differences between the book values and the tax bases of particular assets and liabilities, using tax rates currently in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2015-17, Income taxes (Topic 740) and classifies all deferred taxes as long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The Income Tax Topic of the FASB's ASC establishes for all entities, a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of positions taken in filing tax returns (including whether an entity is taxable in a particular jurisdiction), and requires certain expanded tax disclosures. As of July 31, 2024, management has reviewed the tax positions for the years still subject to tax audit under the statute of limitations, evaluated the implications, and determined that there is no material impact to the Company's financial statements.

	Common stock				Additional paid-in-		Treasury stock						Retained			Accumulated other comprehensive
	Shares		Amount		capital		Shares			Amount			earnings			income			Total
Balance at July 31, 2024		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991		(581,926	)	$	(15,372	)	$	107,311		$	(76	)	$	93,854

Net income														5,685						5,685
Change in unrealized gains on Fixed Income securities, net of taxes																	2			2
Purchase of treasury stock								-												-
Dividends declared														(2,826	)					(2,826	)
Balance at October 31, 2024		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991		(581,926	)	$	(15,372	)	$	110,170		$	(74	)	$	96,715

~~Earnings~~Dividends ~~per~~declared ~~share: Earnings~~ per ~~share are based on the weighted average number of shares of~~ common ~~stock~~share ~~and~~were ~~common stock equivalents outstanding during each period~~$0.60 ~~Any shares that are reacquired during the period are weighted~~ for the ~~portion~~six ofmonths ~~the~~ending ~~period~~October ~~that they are outstanding. The Company does not have any potentially dilutive common shares from outstanding stock options~~31, ~~warrants, restricted stock, or restricted stock units~~2024.

~~Cash~~The ~~and~~accompanying ~~Cash~~notes ~~Equivalents:~~are ~~For purposes of the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows, the Company considers all cash held at banks and short term liquid investments with~~ an ~~original~~integral ~~maturity~~part of ~~less~~these ~~than~~consolidated ~~three~~condensed ~~months~~financial ~~to be cash and cash equivalents~~statements. As of July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, cash equivalents included $15,248,000 and $4,136,000, respectively, for amounts invested in money market mutual funds that invest in short-term U.S. government securities.

127

~~Note~~Part 2I - ~~Investments:~~Financial Information

~~Investments~~Item held by the Company and its subsidiaries are classified as equity securities and available-for-sale fixed income securities in accordance with FASB's ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities and with FASB's ASC 320, Investments - Debt Securities1. ~~All~~Financial of the Company's securities were readily marketable or had a maturity of twelve months or less and are classified as current assets on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. Equity Securities: Equity securities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets, consist of ETFs held for dividend yield that attempt to replicate the performance of certain equity indexes. As of July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, the aggregate cost of the equity securities, which consist of investments in the SPDR Series Trust S&P Dividend ETF (SDY), First Trust Value Line Dividend Index ETF (FVD), Vanguard Growth ETF (VUG), ProShares Trust S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats ETF (NOBL), IShares DJ Select Dividend ETF (DVY) and other Exchange Traded Funds was a combined total $16,093,000 and $11,663,000, respectively, and the fair value was $21,724,000 and $16,344,000, respectively.Statements

~~Proceeds~~Value ~~from sales of equity securities during the three months ended July 31~~Line, ~~2024 and July 31, 2023, were $90,000 and $516,000, respectively~~Inc. ~~The carrying value and fair value of equity securities at July 31, 2024 were as follows:~~

($ in thousands)		Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value
ETFs - equities		$	16,093			$	5,801			$	(170	)		$	21,724

Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

~~The~~ For ~~carrying~~the ~~value~~Three ~~and~~Months ~~fair~~Ended ~~value~~July of31, ~~equity~~2023 ~~securities~~and atSix ~~April~~Months ~~30,~~Ended ~~2024~~October ~~were~~31, ~~as follows:~~2023

($ in thousands)		Cost				Gross Unrealized Gains				Gross Unrealized Losses				Fair Value
ETFs - equities		$	11,663			$	4,685			$	(4	)		$	16,344

(in thousands, except share amounts)

~~Government Debt Securities~~ (~~Fixed Income Securities~~unaudited): Fixed income securities consist of bank certificates of deposits and securities issued by the United States federal government. Proceeds from maturities and sales of government debt securities classified as available-for-sale during the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, were $16,357,000 and $15,750,000, respectively. As of July 31, 2024, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income included unrealized losses of $96,000 net of deferred tax benefits of $20,000. As of April 30, 2024, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income included unrealized losses of $320,000, net of deferred tax benefits of $67,000. The aggregate cost and fair value at July 31, 2024 of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows:

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized
	Common stock				Additional paid-in-			Treasury stock						Retained			Accumulated other comprehensive
($ in thousands)	Historical Cost		Holding Gains		Holding Losses			Fair Value
	Shares		Amount		capital			Shares			Amount			earnings			income			Total
Maturity
Balance at April 30, 2023		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991			(565,460	)	$	(14,671	)	$	95,979		$	374		$	83,673
Due within 1 year	$	28,992	$	9	$	(20	)	$	28,981
Net income															4,859						4,859
Due 1 year through 5 years		5,032		-		(85	)		4,947
Change in unrealized gains on Fixed Income securities, net of taxes																		(212	)		(212	)
Total investment in government debt securities	$	34,024	$	9	$	(105	)	$	33,928
Purchase of treasury stock									(4,011	)		(188	)								(188	)
Dividends declared															(2,641	)					(2,641	)
Balance at July 31, 2023		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991			(569,471	)	$	(14,859	)	$	98,197		$	162		$	85,491

~~The~~Dividends ~~decrease~~declared inper ~~gross~~common ~~unrealized~~share ~~losses~~were of $~~224,000~~0.28 ~~on fixed income securities classified as available-~~for~~-sale~~ ~~net of deferred income tax benefits of $47,000, was included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on~~ the ~~Consolidated~~three ~~Condensed~~months ~~Balance~~ending ~~Sheet as of~~ July 31, ~~2024~~2023. ~~The aggregate cost and fair value at April 30, 2024 of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows:~~

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized
	Common stock				Additional paid-in-			Treasury stock						Retained			Accumulated other comprehensive
($ in thousands)	Historical Cost		Holding Gains		Holding Losses			Fair Value
	Shares		Amount		capital			Shares			Amount			earnings			income			Total
Maturity
Balance at July 31, 2023		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991			(569,471	)	$	(14,859	)	$	98,197		$	162		$	85,491
Due within 1 year	$	42,843	$	4	$	(61	)	$	42,786
Net income															3,488						3,488
Due within 1 year through 5 years		5,088	$	-		(263	)		4,825
Change in unrealized gains on Fixed Income securities, net of taxes																		(448	)		(448	)
Total investment in government debt securities	$	47,931	$	4	$	(324	)	$	47,611
Purchase of treasury stock									(3,546	)		(150	)								(150	)
Dividends declared															(2,639	)					(2,639	)
Balance at October 31, 2023		10,000,000	$	1,000	$	991			(573,017	)	$	(15,009	)	$	99,046		$	(286	)	$	85,742

~~The~~Dividends ~~increase~~declared inper ~~gross~~common ~~unrealized~~share ~~losses~~were of $~~793,000~~0.56 ~~on fixed income securities classified as available-~~for~~-sale~~ ~~net of deferred income tax benefit of $166,000, was included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on~~ the ~~Consolidated~~six ~~Balance~~months ~~Sheet~~ending asOctober ~~of April 30, 2024. The average yield on the Government debt securities classified as available-for-sale at July~~ 31, ~~2024 and April 30, 2024 was 4~~2023.~~3% and 4.4%, respectively.~~

13The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.

~~Investment Gains/(Losses): Investment gains/(losses) were comprised of the following:~~8

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Dividend income	$	147	$	145
Interest income		545		389
Investment gains/(losses) recognized on sales of equity securities during the period		-		11
Unrealized gains/(losses) recognized on equity securities held at the end of the period		950		210
Other		67		-
Total investment gains/(losses)	$	1,709	$	755

Value Line, Inc.

~~Taxable~~Notes ~~realized~~to ~~gains/(losses)~~Consolidated onCondensed ~~equity~~Financial securities sold during fiscal years 2025 and 2024, which are generally the difference between the proceeds from sales and our original cost, were none in fiscal 2025 and losses of $4,000 in fiscal 2024.Statements

~~Investment~~October ~~in Unconsolidated Entities: Equity Method Investment: As of July~~ 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, the Company's investment in EAM Trust on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets was $60,371,000 and $60,134,000, respectively. The value of VLI’s investment in EAM at July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024 reflects the fair value of contributed capital of $55,805,000 at inception which included $5,820,000 of cash and liquid securities in excess of working capital requirements contributed to EAM’s capital account by VLI, plus VLI's share of non-voting revenues and non-voting profits from EAM less distributions, made quarterly to VLI by EAM, during the period subsequent to its initial investment through the dates of the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. It is anticipated that EAM will have sufficient liquidity and earn enough profit to conduct its current and future operations so the management of EAM will not need additional funding. The Company monitors its Investment in EAM Trust for impairment to determine whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. Impairment indicators include, but are not limited to the following: (a) a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee, (b) a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee, (c) a significant adverse change in the general market condition of the industry in which the investee operates, or (d) factors that raise significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern such as negative cash flows, working capital deficiencies, or noncompliance with statutory capital and regulatory requirements. EAM did not record any impairment losses for its assets during the fiscal years 2025 or 2024. The components of EAM’s investment management operations, provided to the Company by EAM, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands) (unaudited)	2024		2023
Investment management fees earned from the Value Line Funds, net of waivers shown below	$	7,376	$	5,428
12b-1 fees and other fees, net of waivers	$	1,942	$	1,579
Other income	$	156	$	117
Investment management fee waivers and reimbursements	$	47	$	48
12b-1 fee waivers	$	23	$	25
Value Line’s non-voting revenues interest	$	3,680	$	2,616
EAM's net income (1)	$	1,122	$	482

(Unaudited)

(Note 1) ~~Represents EAM's net income, after giving effect to Value Line’s non~~-~~voting~~ ~~revenues~~Organization ~~interest, but before distributions to voting profits interest holders~~ and toSummary ~~the Company in respect~~ of ~~its~~Significant ~~50%~~Accounting ~~non-voting profits interest.~~Policies:

	July 31,			April 30,
($ in thousands)	2024			2024
	(unaudited)
EAM's total assets	$	63,126		$	63,076
EAM's total liabilities (1)		(6,182	)		(5,881	)
EAM's total equity	$	56,944		$	57,195

Value Line, Inc. ("Value Line" or "VLI", and collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is incorporated in the State of New York. The name "Value Line" as used to describe the Company, its products, and its subsidiaries, is a registered trademark of the Company. The Company's core business is producing investment periodicals and their underlying research and making available certain Value Line copyrights, Value Line trademarks and Value Line Proprietary Ranks and other proprietary information, to third parties under written agreements for use in third-party managed and marketed investment products and for other purposes. The Company maintains a significant investment in Eulav Asset Management LLC ("EAM") from which it receives a non-voting revenues interest and a non-voting profits interest. Pursuant to the EAM Declaration of Trust dated as of December 23, 2010 (the "EAM Trust Agreement"), VLI granted EAM the right to use the Value Line name for all existing Value Line Funds and agreed to supply, without charge or expense, the Value Line Proprietary Ranking System information to EAM for use in managing the Value Line Funds. EAM was established to provide investment management services to the Value Line Mutual Funds ("Value Line Funds" or the "Funds").

~~(1)~~The AtConsolidated ~~July~~Condensed Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, ~~EAM's~~which ~~total~~have ~~liabilities~~been ~~included~~derived afrom ~~payable~~the tounaudited ~~VLI~~interim ~~for~~Consolidated ~~its~~Condensed ~~accrued~~Financial ~~non-voting~~Statements ~~revenues~~and ~~interest~~the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively, were prepared following the interim reporting requirements of the Securities and ~~non-voting~~Exchange ~~profits~~Commission ~~interest~~(“SEC”). In the opinion of $4management,~~215,000~~ the accompanying Unaudited Interim Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals except as noted below) considered necessary for a fair presentation. This report should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and $3footnotes contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30,~~865~~ 2024 filed with the SEC on July 26,~~000,~~ ~~respectively~~2024 (the “Form 10-K”). Results of operations covered by this report may not be indicative of the results of operations for the entire year.

14Use of Estimates:

~~Note~~The 3preparation -of ~~Variable~~financial ~~Interest~~statements ~~Entity~~in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Accordingly, actual results may differ from those estimates.

~~The~~Principles Company holds a non-voting revenues interest and a 50% non-voting profits interest in EAM, the adviser to the Value Line asset management and mutual fund distribution businesses. EAM is considered to be a VIE in relation to the Company. The Company makes its determination for consolidation of EAM as a VIE based on a qualitative assessment of the purpose and design of EAM, the terms and characteristics of the variable interests in EAM, and the risks EAM is designed to originate and pass through to holders of variable interests. Other than EAM, the Company does not have an interest in any other VIEs. The Company has determined that it does not have a controlling financial interest in EAM because it does not have the power to direct the activities of EAM that most significantly impact its economic performance. Value Line does not hold any voting stock of EAM and it does not have any involvement in the day-to-day activities or operations of EAM. Although the EAM Trust Agreement provides Value Line with certain consent rights and contains certain restrictive covenants related to the activities of EAM, these are considered to be protective rights and therefore Value Line does not maintain control over EAM. In addition, although EAM is expected to be profitable, there is a risk that it could operate at a loss. While all of the profit interest shareholders in EAM are subject to variability based on EAM’s operations risk, Value Line’s non-voting revenues interest in EAM is a preferred interest in the revenues of EAM, rather than a profits interest in EAM, and Value Line accordingly believes it is subject to proportionately less risk than other holders of the profits interests.Consolidation:

The Company ~~has~~follows the guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Topic 810 “Consolidation” to determine if it should consolidate its investment in a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is a legal entity in which either (i) equity investors do not ~~provided~~have ~~any~~sufficient ~~explicit~~equity orinvestment ~~implicit~~at ~~financial~~risk to enable the entity to finance its activities independently or ~~other~~(ii) ~~support~~the equity holders at risk lack the obligation to ~~EAM~~absorb ~~other~~losses, ~~than~~the ~~what~~right ~~was~~to ~~contractually~~receive ~~agreed~~residual returns or the right to inmake decisions about the ~~EAM~~entity’s ~~Trust~~activities ~~Agreement~~that most significantly affect the entity's economic performance. A ~~Value~~holder ~~Line~~of ~~has~~a novariable ~~obligation~~interest in a VIE is required to ~~fund~~consolidate ~~EAM~~the entity if it is determined that it has a controlling financial interest in the ~~future~~VIE and, asis therefore the primary beneficiary. The determination of a ~~result~~controlling financial interest in a VIE is based on a qualitative assessment to identify the variable interest holder, if any, that has no(i) ~~exposure~~the power to ~~loss~~direct ~~beyond~~the ~~its~~activities ~~initial~~of ~~investment~~the ~~and~~VIE ~~any~~that ~~undistributed~~most ~~revenues~~significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and ~~profits~~(ii) ~~interests~~either ~~retained~~the inobligation ~~EAM.~~to ~~The~~absorb ~~following~~losses ~~table~~of ~~presents~~the entity or the ~~total~~right ~~assets~~to ofreceive ~~EAM,~~benefits from the ~~maximum~~entity ~~exposure~~that tocould ~~loss~~potentially ~~due~~be significant to ~~involvement~~the ~~with~~VIE. ~~EAM,~~The asaccounting ~~well~~guidance asrequires the ~~value~~Company to perform an ongoing assessment of whether the ~~assets~~Company ~~and~~is ~~liabilities~~the primary beneficiary of a VIE and the Company has ~~recorded~~determined onit ~~its~~is ~~Consolidated~~not ~~Condensed~~the ~~Balance~~primary ~~Sheets~~beneficiary ~~for~~of ~~its~~a ~~interest~~VIE in(see ~~EAM~~Note 3).

			Value Line
($ in thousands)	VIE Assets		Investment in EAM Trust (1)		Liabilities		Maximum Exposure to Loss
As of July 31, 2024 (unaudited)	$	63,126	$	60,371	$	-	$	60,371
As of April 30, 2024	$	63,076	$	60,134	$	-	$	60,134

~~(1)~~Revenue ~~Reported within Long-Term Assets on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.~~Recognition:

15Depending upon the product, subscription fulfillment for Value Line periodicals and related publications is available in print or digitally, via internet access. The length of a subscription varies by product and offer received by the subscriber. Generally, subscriptions are offered as annual subscriptions with the majority of subscriptions paid in advance. Subscription revenues, net of discounts, are recognized ratably on a straight line basis when the product is served to the client over the life of the subscription. Accordingly, the amount of subscription fees to be earned by fulfilling subscriptions after the date of the balance sheets are shown as unearned revenue within current and long-term liabilities.

~~Note~~Copyright 4fees are derived from providing certain Value Line trademarks and the Value Line Proprietary Ranks to third parties under written agreements for use in selecting securities for third party marketed products, including unit investment trusts, annuities and exchange traded funds ("ETFs"). The Company earns asset-based ~~Supplementary~~copyright ~~Cash~~fees ~~Flows~~upon ~~Information:~~delivery to the customer as specified in the individual agreements. Revenue is recognized monthly and received either quarterly or in advance over the term of the agreement and, because it is asset-based, will fluctuate as the market value of the underlying portfolio increases or decreases in value.

~~Reconciliation~~EAM ofearns ~~Cash,~~investment ~~Cash~~management ~~Equivalents,~~fees ~~and~~from ~~Restricted~~the ~~Cash:~~Value ~~The~~Line ~~following~~Funds. ~~table~~The ~~provides~~management afees ~~reconciliation~~and ofaverage ~~cash,~~daily ~~cash~~net ~~equivalents,~~assets ~~and~~for ~~restricted~~the ~~cash~~Value ~~reported~~Line ~~within~~Funds ~~the~~are ~~Consolidated~~calculated ~~Condensed~~by ~~Statement~~State ofStreet ~~Cash~~Bank, ~~Flows~~which ~~that~~serves ~~sum~~as to the ~~total~~fund ofaccountant, ~~the~~fund ~~same~~administrator, ~~such~~and ~~amounts~~custodian ~~shown~~of in the ~~Consolidated~~Value ~~Condensed~~Line ~~Statement of Cash Flows~~Funds.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,628	$	9,551
Restricted cash		305		305
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows	$	15,933	$	9,856

The Value Line Funds are open-end management companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"). Shareholder transactions for the Value Line Funds are processed each business day by the third party transfer agent of the Funds. Shares can be redeemed without advance notice upon request of the shareowners each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open.

~~Income Tax Payments: The Company made income tax payments as follows:~~9

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
State and local income tax payments	$	91	$	164
Federal income tax payments	$	-	$	-

Investment in Unconsolidated Entities:

~~Note~~The 5Company -accounts ~~Employees'~~for ~~Profit~~its ~~Sharing~~investment ~~and~~in ~~Savings~~its ~~Plan:~~unconsolidated entity, EAM, using the equity method of accounting in accordance with FASB’s ASC 323. The equity method is an appropriate means of recognizing increases or decreases measured by GAAP in the economic resources underlying the investments. Under the equity method, an investor recognizes its share of the earnings or losses of an investee in the periods for which they are reported by the investee in its financial statements rather than in the period in which an investee declares a dividend or distribution. An investor adjusts the carrying amount of an investment for its share of the earnings or losses recognized by the investee.

~~Substantially~~The ~~all~~Company’s ~~employees~~“interests” in ofEAM, the ~~Company~~investment adviser to and ~~its~~the ~~subsidiaries~~sole ~~are~~member ~~members~~of the distributor of the Value Line Funds, ~~Inc.~~consist ~~Profit~~of ~~Sharing~~a "non-voting revenues interest" and ~~Savings~~a ~~Plan~~"non-voting ~~(the~~profits interest"~~Plan")~~ in EAM as defined in the EAM Trust Agreement. InThe ~~general,~~non-voting ~~this~~revenues isinterest entitles the Company to receive a ~~qualified~~range of 41% to 55%, ~~contributory~~based ~~plan~~on ~~which~~the ~~provides~~amount ~~for~~of aEAM’s ~~discretionary~~adjusted ~~annual~~gross ~~Company~~revenues, ~~contribution~~excluding EULAV Securities' distribution revenues (“Revenues Interest”). The ~~For~~non-voting profits interest entitles the ~~three~~Company ~~months~~to ~~ended~~receive ~~July~~50% 31of EAM's profits, ~~2024~~subject to certain limited adjustments as defined in the EAM Trust Agreement (“Profits Interest”). The Revenues Interest and ~~July~~at ~~31,~~least ~~2023,~~90% of the ~~estimated~~Profits ~~profit~~Interest ~~sharing~~are ~~plan~~to ~~contributions~~be distributed each quarter to all interest holders of EAM, ~~which~~including ~~are~~Value ~~included~~Line. asThe ~~expenses~~Company's inRevenues ~~salaries~~Interest ~~and~~in ~~employee~~EAM ~~benefits~~excludes participation in the ~~Consolidated~~service ~~Condensed~~and ~~Statements~~distribution fees of ~~Income,~~EAM's ~~were~~subsidiary ~~$96,000~~EULAV Securities. The Company reflects its non-voting revenues and ~~$96,000~~non-voting profits interests in ~~fiscal~~EAM ~~2025~~as non-operating income under the equity method of accounting. Although the Company does not have control over the operating and ~~fiscal~~financial ~~2024~~policies of EAM, ~~respectively~~pursuant to the EAM Trust Agreement, the Company has a contractual right to receive its share of EAM's revenues and profits.

~~Note~~Recent 6Accounting ~~- Comprehensive Income~~Pronouncements:

~~The~~In ~~FASB's~~November ~~ASC~~2023, ~~Comprehensive Income topic requires~~ the ~~reporting~~FASB ofissued ~~comprehensive~~Accounting ~~income~~Standards inUpdate ~~addition~~2023-07, “Improvements to ~~net~~Reportable ~~income~~Segment ~~from~~Disclosures” (“ASU ~~operations.~~2023-07”), ~~Comprehensive~~which ~~income~~requires isdisclosures aof ~~more~~significant ~~inclusive~~expenses ~~financial~~by ~~reporting~~segment ~~methodology~~and ~~that~~interim ~~includes~~ disclosure of ~~certain~~items ~~financial information~~ that ~~otherwise~~were ~~would~~previously ~~not~~required beon ~~recognized~~an inannual ~~the calculation of net income~~basis. AsASU ~~of July 31, 2024 and July 31,~~ 2023-07 ~~the~~is ~~Company~~to ~~held~~be ~~fixed~~applied ~~income~~on ~~securities~~a ~~consisting~~retrospective ofbasis ~~bank certificates of deposits~~ and ~~securities~~is ~~issued~~effective ~~by the United States federal government that are classified as securities available-~~for~~-sale~~ onfiscal ~~the~~years ~~Consolidated~~beginning ~~Condensed~~after ~~Balance~~December ~~Sheets.~~15, ~~The~~2023 ~~change~~and ininterim ~~valuation~~periods ofwithin ~~fixed~~fiscal ~~income~~years ~~securities,~~beginning ~~net~~after ofDecember ~~deferred income taxes~~15, ~~has~~2024. ~~been~~We ~~recorded~~are inevaluating ~~Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in~~ the ~~Company's~~impact ~~Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The components~~ of ~~comprehensive~~ASU ~~income~~2023-07 ~~included~~on disclosures in ~~the~~our Consolidated ~~Condensed~~Financial Statements ~~of Income and Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the three months ended July 31, 2024 are as follows:~~.

($ in thousands)	Amount Before Tax		Tax (Expense) / Benefit			Amount Net of Tax
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale fixed income securities	$	224	$	(47	)	$	177
	$	224	$	(47	)	$	177

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which provides for additional disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliations and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to annually disclose the income tax rate reconciliation using both amounts and percentages, considering several categories of reconciling items, including state and local income taxes, foreign tax effects, tax credits and nontaxable or nondeductible items, among others. Disclosure of the reconciling items is subject to a quantitative threshold and disaggregation by nature and jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose net income taxes paid or received to federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, as well as by individual jurisdiction, subject to a five percent quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on disclosures in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~The~~Valuation ~~components~~ of ~~comprehensive income included in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income and Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the three months ended July 31, 2023 are as follows~~Securities:

($ in thousands)	Amount Before Tax			Tax (Expense) / Benefit		Amount Net of Tax
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale fixed income securities	$	(270	)	$	58	$	(212	)
	$	(270	)	$	58	$	(212	)

The Company's securities classified as cash equivalents, equity securities and available-for-sale fixed income securities consist of shares of money market funds that invest primarily in short-term U.S. Government securities, investments in equities including ETFs and fixed income securities invested primarily in short-term U.S. Treasury bills, and to a smaller extent bank certificates of deposit that are valued in accordance with the requirements of the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB's ASC 820. The securities classified as equity securities reflected in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets are valued at market and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income per FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01 ("ASU 2016-01"). The securities classified as available-for-sale fixed income securities reflected in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets are valued at market and unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable taxes, are reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity. Investment gains and losses on sales of the equity securities are the difference between proceeds from sales and the fair value of the equity securities at the beginning of the period or the purchase date, if later. Investment gains and losses on sales of the available-for-sale fixed income securities are the difference between proceeds from sales and the cost of the securities. Investment gains and losses on sales of all securities are recorded in earnings as of the trade date and are determined on the identified cost method.

1610

~~Note~~The 7Company classifies its equity securities and available-for-sale ~~Related~~fixed ~~Party~~income ~~Transactions:~~securities as current assets to properly reflect its liquidity and to recognize the fact that it has liquid assets available-for-sale should the need arise.

~~Investment~~Market ~~Management~~valuations ~~(overview):~~of ~~The~~securities ~~Company~~listed ~~has~~on ~~substantial~~a ~~non-voting~~securities ~~revenues~~exchange and ~~non-voting~~ETF ~~profits~~shares ~~interests~~are inbased ~~EAM,~~on the ~~asset~~closing ~~manager~~sales toprices ~~the~~on ~~Value Line Mutual Funds. Accordingly,~~ the ~~Company~~last ~~does not report this operation as a separate~~ business ~~segment,~~day ~~although~~of iteach ~~maintains a significant interest in the cash flows generated by this business and receives non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests, as discussed below~~month. ~~Total~~The ~~assets~~market invalue ~~the Value Line Funds managed and/or distributed by EAM at July 31, 2024, were $4.60 billion, 32.6% above total assets~~ of ~~$3.47 billion in~~ the ~~Value Line Funds managed and/or distributed by EAM at July 31, 2023. The~~ Company’'s ~~non-voting~~fixed ~~revenues~~maturity and non-voting profits interests in EAM entitle it to receive quarterly distributions in a range of 41% to 55% of EAM’s revenues (excluding distribution revenues) from EAM’s mutual fund and separate account business and 50% of the residual profits of EAM (subject to temporary increase in certain limited circumstances)U.S. ~~The~~Government ~~Voting~~debt ~~Profits~~securities ~~Interest Holders will receive the other 50% of residual profits of EAM. Distribution~~ is ~~not~~determined ~~less~~utilizing ~~than~~publicly ~~90%~~quoted ofmarket ~~EAM’s profits payable each fiscal quarter under the provisions of the EAM Trust Agreement~~prices. ~~Value~~Cash ~~Line’s~~equivalents ~~percent~~consist ~~share~~ of ~~EAM’s~~investments ~~revenues~~in ismoney ~~calculated~~market ~~each~~funds ~~fiscal~~that ~~quarter.~~invest ~~EAM~~primarily ~~Trust - VLI's non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests: The Company holds non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests~~ in ~~EAM which entitle the Company to receive from EAM an amount ranging from 41% to 55% of EAM's investment management fee revenues from its mutual fund and separate accounts business~~U. ~~EAM currently has no separately managed account clients~~S. ~~The~~Government ~~Company~~securities ~~recorded~~valued ~~income~~in ~~from~~accordance ~~its~~with ~~non-voting~~rule ~~revenues interest and its non~~2a-~~voting~~7 ~~profits~~under ~~interests~~the in1940 ~~EAM as follows:~~Act.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Non-voting revenues interest in EAM	$	3,680	$	2,616
Non-voting profits interest in EAM		561		241
	$	4,241	$	2,857

The Fair Value Measurements Topic of FASB's ASC defines fair value as the price that the Company would receive upon selling an investment in a timely transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market for the investment. The Fair Value Measurements Topic established a three-tier hierarchy to maximize the use of observable market data and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Inputs refer broadly to the information that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. Examples of risks include those inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value such as the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Inputs are classified as observable or unobservable.

AtObservable ~~July~~inputs ~~31,~~are ~~2024,~~inputs ~~the~~that ~~Company's~~reflect ~~investment in EAM includes a receivable of $4,215,000 representing~~ the ~~quarterly~~assumptions ~~distribution~~market ofparticipants ~~the~~would ~~non-voting~~use ~~revenues~~in ~~share~~pricing ~~and non-voting profits share. That amount was subsequently paid to~~ the ~~Company.~~asset ~~Transactions~~or ~~with~~liability ~~Parent:~~developed ~~During~~based ~~the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company was reimbursed $60,000 and $63,000, respectively, for payments it made~~ on ~~behalf~~market ofdata ~~and~~obtained ~~for services the Company provided to the Parent Company, Arnold Bernhard and Co., Inc. ("Parent"). There were no receivables~~ from ~~the~~sources ~~Parent~~independent ~~on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets at July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024. The Company is a party to a tax-sharing arrangement with the Parent which allocates the tax liabilities~~ of the ~~two~~reporting ~~Companies between them~~entity. ~~The~~Unobservable ~~Company~~inputs ~~made~~are noinputs ~~federal~~that ~~tax~~reflect ~~payments to~~ the ~~Parent~~reporting ~~during~~entity’s ~~the~~own ~~three~~assumptions ~~months~~about ~~ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023. From time to time,~~ the ~~Parent~~factors ~~has~~market ~~purchased~~participants ~~additional~~would ~~shares~~use ~~of common stock of the Company~~ in ~~the~~pricing ~~market when and as~~ the ~~Parent~~asset ~~has~~or ~~determined~~liability itdeveloped tobased beon ~~appropriate. The Parent may make additional purchases of common stock of~~ the ~~Company~~best ~~from~~information ~~time~~available ~~to time~~ in the ~~future~~circumstances. ~~As of July 31, 2024, the Parent owned 91.67% of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company.~~

17The three-tier hierarchy of inputs is summarized in the three broad levels listed below.

~~Note~~Level 81 -– quoted ~~Federal,~~prices ~~State~~in ~~and~~active ~~Local~~markets ~~Income~~for ~~Taxes:~~identical investments

InLevel ~~accordance~~2 ~~with~~– other ~~the~~significant ~~requirements~~observable ofinputs ~~the~~(including ~~Income~~quoted ~~Tax~~prices ~~Topic~~for ofsimilar ~~the~~investments, ~~FASB's~~interest ~~ASC~~rates, ~~the~~prepayment ~~Company's~~speeds, ~~provision~~credit ~~for~~risk, ~~income taxes includes the following:~~etc.)

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Current tax expense:
Federal	$	1,283	$	1,209
State and local		312		251
Current tax expense		1,595		1,460
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
Federal		304		40
State and local		11		-
Deferred tax expense (benefit):		315		40
Income tax provision	$	1,910	$	1,500

Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments)

~~On December 22, 2017 H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"), was enacted.~~ The ~~Tax~~following ~~Act~~summarizes ~~lowered~~ the ~~U.S.~~levels ~~federal income tax rate ("Federal Tax Rate") from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Accordingly, the Company computes Federal income tax expense using the Federal Tax Rate~~ of ~~21%~~fair invalue ~~fiscal~~measurements ~~year 2019 and each year thereafter. The overall effective income tax rates, as a percentage~~ of ~~pre-tax ordinary income for~~ the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023 were 24.50% and 23.87%, respectively. The higher effective tax rate during three months ended July 31, 2024 as compared to July 31, 2023, is primarily a result of a increase in the state and local income tax rate to 3.69% from 3.10% due to changes in state and local income tax allocations. The Company'’s annualized overall effective tax rate fluctuates due to a number of factors, in addition to changes in tax law, including but not limited to an increase or decrease in the ratio of items that do not have tax consequences to pre-income tax, the Company's geographic profit mix between tax jurisdictions, taxation method adopted by each locality, new interpretations of existing tax laws and rulings and settlements with tax authorities.investments:

	As of October 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	10,985	$	-	$	-	$	10,985
Equity securities		21,837		-		-		21,837
Available-for-sale fixed income securities		38,915		-		-		38,915
	$	71,737	$	-	$	-	$	71,737

Deferred income taxes, a liability, are provided for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities. The tax effect of temporary differences giving rise to the Company's long-term deferred tax liability are as follows:

	As of April 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	4,136	$	-	$	-	$	4,136
Equity securities		16,344		-		-		16,344
Available-for-sale fixed income securities		47,361		250		-		47,611
	$	67,841	$	250	$	-	$	68,091

	July 31,			April 30,
($ in thousands)	2024			2024
Federal tax liability (benefit):
Deferred gain on deconsolidation of EAM	$	10,669		$	10,669
Deferred non-cash post-employment compensation		(372	)		(372	)
Depreciation and amortization		67			73
Unrealized gain/(loss) on securities held for sale		1,162			916
Right of Use Asset		(138	)		(128	)
Deferred charges		(54	)		(138	)
Other		(578	)		(424	)
Total federal tax liability		10,756			10,596
State and local tax liabilities (benefits):
Deferred gain on deconsolidation of EAM		2,385			2,073
Deferred non-cash post-employment compensation		(83	)		(72	)
Depreciation and amortization		15			13
Unrealized gain/(loss) on securities held for sale		259			178
Other		(193	)		105
Total state and local tax liabilities		2,383			2,297
Deferred tax liability, long-term	$	13,139		$	12,893

The Company had no other financial instruments such as futures, forwards and swap contracts. For the periods ended October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, there were no Level 3 investments. The Company does not have any liabilities that are subject to fair value measurement.

AtAdvertising the end of each interim reporting period, the Company estimates the effective income tax rate to apply for the full fiscal year. The Company uses the effective income tax rate determined to provide for income taxes on a year-to-date basis and reflects the tax effect of any tax law changes and certain other discrete events in the period in which they occur. The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory income tax rate to pretax income as a result of the followingexpenses:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2024			2023
U.S. statutory federal tax rate		21.00	%		21.00	%
Increase (decrease) in tax rate from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		3.69	%		3.10	%
Effect of dividends received deductions		(0.19	)%		(0.24	)%
Other, net		-			0.01	%
Effective income tax rate		24.50	%		23.87	%

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred.

~~The~~Income ~~Company believes that, as of July 31, 2024, there were no material uncertain tax positions that would require disclosure under GAAP.~~Taxes:

19The Company computes its income tax provision in accordance with the Income Tax Topic of the FASB's ASC. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the differences between the book values and the tax bases of particular assets and liabilities, using tax rates currently in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2015-17, Income taxes (Topic 740) and classifies all deferred taxes as long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

The ~~Company~~Income isTax ~~included~~Topic ~~in the consolidated federal income tax return~~ of the ~~Parent. The Company has a tax sharing agreement which requires it to make tax payments to the Parent equal to the Company~~FASB's ~~liability/(benefit)~~ASC asestablishes iffor itall ~~filed~~entities, a ~~separate~~minimum ~~return.~~threshold ~~Beginning~~for ~~with~~financial ~~the~~statement ~~fiscal~~recognition ~~year~~of ~~ended~~the ~~April~~benefit ~~30,~~of ~~2017,~~positions ~~the~~taken ~~Company~~in ~~files~~filing ~~combined income~~ tax returns ~~with~~(including ~~the~~whether ~~Parent~~an onentity ais ~~unitary~~taxable ~~basis~~ in ~~certain~~a ~~states.~~particular ~~The~~jurisdiction), ~~Company’s~~and ~~federal~~requires ~~income~~certain expanded tax ~~returns~~disclosures. As ~~(included~~of inOctober ~~the~~31, ~~Parent’s~~2024, ~~consolidated~~management ~~returns)~~has ~~and~~reviewed ~~state~~the ~~and city~~ tax ~~returns~~positions for ~~fiscal~~the years ~~ended~~still ~~2021~~subject ~~through~~to ~~2023,~~tax ~~are~~audit ~~subject~~under tothe ~~examination~~statute byof ~~the~~limitations, ~~tax~~evaluated ~~authorities~~the implications, ~~generally~~and ~~for~~determined ~~three~~that ~~years~~there ~~after~~is ~~they~~no ~~are~~material ~~filed~~impact ~~with~~to the ~~tax~~Company's ~~authorities~~financial statements.

~~Note~~Earnings 9per ~~- Property and Equipment~~share:

~~Property~~Earnings ~~and~~per ~~equipment~~share are ~~carried~~based aton ~~cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using~~ the ~~straight-line~~weighted ~~method~~average ~~over~~number ~~the~~of ~~estimated~~shares ~~useful~~of ~~lives~~common ofstock ~~the~~and ~~assets,~~common orstock inequivalents ~~the~~outstanding ~~case~~during ofeach ~~leasehold~~period. ~~improvements,~~Any ~~over~~shares ~~the~~that ~~remaining~~are ~~terms~~reacquired ofduring the ~~leases.~~period ~~For~~are ~~income~~weighted ~~tax~~for ~~purposes,~~the ~~depreciation~~portion of ~~furniture~~the ~~and~~period ~~equipment~~that isthey ~~computed~~are ~~using~~outstanding. The ~~accelerated~~Company ~~methods~~does ~~and~~not ~~buildings~~have ~~and~~any ~~leasehold~~potentially ~~improvements~~dilutive ~~are~~common ~~depreciated~~shares ~~over~~from ~~prescribed~~outstanding ~~extended~~stock ~~tax lives. Property and equipment~~options, ~~net~~warrants, onrestricted ~~the~~stock, ~~Consolidated~~or ~~Condensed~~restricted ~~Balance~~stock ~~Sheets was comprised of the following:~~units.

	July 31,			April 30,
($ in thousands)	2024			2024
Building and leasehold improvements	$	652		$	652
Operating lease - right-of-use asset		3,833			4,090
Furniture and equipment		2,278			2,274
		6,763			7,016
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,599	)		(2,576	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	4,164		$	4,440

Cash and Cash Equivalents:

20For purposes of the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows, the Company considers all cash held at banks and short term liquid investments with an original maturity of less than three months to be cash and cash equivalents. As of October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, cash equivalents included $10,985,000 and $4,136,000, respectively, for amounts invested in money market mutual funds that invest in short-term U.S. government securities.

~~Note 10 - Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed for Internal Use:~~11

~~The~~Note ~~Company~~2 ~~has adopted the provisions of the Statement of Position 98~~-1 (SOP 98-1), "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed for Internal Use". SOP 98-1 requires companies to capitalize as long-lived assets many of the costs associated with developing or purchasing software for internal use and amortize those costs over the software's estimated useful life in a systematic and rational manner. Such costs, when incurred, are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the asset, normally 3 to 5 years. Total amortization expenses during the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, were $14,000 and $21,000, respectively. During the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company did not incur and did not capitalize expenditures related to third party programmers' costs nor internal costs to develop software for internal use.Investments:

~~Note~~Investments 11held by the Company and its subsidiaries are classified as equity securities and available-for-sale ~~Treasury~~fixed ~~Stock~~income securities in accordance with FASB's ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities and ~~Repurchase~~with ~~Program:~~FASB's ASC 320, Investments - Debt Securities. All of the Company's securities were readily marketable or had a maturity of twelve months or less and are classified as current assets on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

~~During~~Equity October 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a renewal of a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock up to an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000. The repurchases may be made from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices, in negotiated transactions off the market, in block purchases or otherwise. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion and has no set price limit and no expiration date. There is a remainder of $1,033,000 before the authorized limit is reached. Treasury stock, at cost, consists of the followingSecurities:

(in thousands except for shares and cost per share)	Shares		Cost Assigned		Average Cost per Share		Aggregate Purchase Price Remaining Under the Program
Balance as of April 30, 2024		577,517	$	15,194	$	26.31	$	1,211
Purchases effected in open market during the months ended:
May 31, 2024		1,644	$	67		40.15		1,145
June 30, 2024		2,000	$	80		40.00		1,065
July 31, 2024		765	$	32		41.83		1,033
Balance as of July 31, 2024		581,926	$	15,373	$	26.42	$	1,033

Equity securities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets, consist of ETFs held for dividend yield that attempt to replicate the performance of certain equity indexes.

As of October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, the aggregate cost of the equity securities, which consist of investments in the SPDR Series Trust S&P Dividend ETF (SDY), First Trust Value Line Dividend Index ETF (FVD), ProShares Trust S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats ETF (NOBL), IShares DJ Select Dividend ETF (DVY) and other Exchange Traded Funds was a combined total $15,505,000 and $11,663,000, respectively, and the fair value was $21,837,000 and $16,344,000, respectively.

~~Note~~Proceeds 12from -sales ~~Lease~~of ~~Commitments:~~equity securities during the six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, were $3,075,000 and $999,000, respectively.

OnThe ~~November~~carrying ~~30,~~value ~~2016, Value Line, Inc., received consent from the landlord at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY to the terms of a new sublease agreement between Value Line, Inc.~~ and ~~ABM~~fair ~~Industries,~~value ~~Incorporated (“ABM” or the “Sublandlord”) commencing on December 1, 2016. Pursuant to the agreement Value Line leased from ABM 24,726 square feet~~ of ~~office~~equity ~~space~~securities ~~located on the second and third floors~~ at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY (“Building” or “Premises”) beginning on December 1, 2016 and ending on November 29, 2027. Base rent under the sublease agreement is $1,126,000 per annum during the first year with an annual increase in base rent of 2.25% scheduled for each subsequent year, payable in equal monthly installments on the first day of each month, subject to customary concessions in the Company’s favor and pass-through of certain increases in utility costs and real estate taxes over the base year. The Company provided a security deposit represented by a letter of credit in the amount of $469,000 in October ~~2016~~31, which was reduced to $305,000 on October 3, 2021 and is to be fully refunded after the sublease ends. This Building became the Company’s new corporate office facility. The Company is required to pay for certain operating expenses associated with the Premises as well as utilities supplied to the Premises. The sublease terms provide for a significant decrease (23% initially) in the Company’s annual rental expenditure taking into account free rent for the first six months of the sublease. Sublandlord provided Value Line a work allowance of $417,000 which accompanied with the six months free rent worth $563,000 was applied against the Company’s obligation to pay rent at our NYC headquarters, delaying the actual rent payments until November 2017. On February 29, 2016, the Company’s subsidiary VLDC and Seagis Property Group LP (the “Landlord”) entered into a lease agreement, pursuant to which VLDC leased 24,110 square feet of warehouse and appurtenant office space located at 205 Chubb Ave., Lyndhurst, NJ (“Warehouse”) beginning on May 1, 2016 and ending on April 30, 2024 ~~(“Lease”).~~were Base rent under the Lease was $237,218 per annum. The Company provided a security deposit in cash in the amount of $32,146, which has been fully refunded. VLDC distributed Value Line’s print publications. The Company has outsourced to a U.S. facility the functions formerly performed at the Warehouse. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. This ASU requires that, for leases longer than one year, a lessee recognizes in the statements of financial position a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the liability to make lease payments. It also requires that for finance leases, a lessee recognizes interest expense on the lease liability, separately from the amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statements of earnings, while for operating leases, such amounts should be recognized as a combined expense. The firm adopted this ASU in May 2019 under a modified retrospective approach. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective transition approach as of the Effective Date as permitted by the amendments in ASU 2018-11, which provides an alternative modified retrospective transition method. As a result, the Company was not required to adjust its comparative period financial information for effects of the standard or make the new required lease disclosures for periods before the date of adoption (i.e. May 1, 2019). The Company has elected to employ the transitionary relief offered by the FASB and, therefore, has not reassessed (1) whether existing or expired contracts contain a lease, (2) lease classification for existing or expired leases or (3) the accounting for initial direct costs that were previously capitalized. The Company leases office space in New York, NY. The Company has evaluated that lease and determined that it is an operating lease under the definitions of the guidance of ASU 2016-02. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the net present value of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received. For operating leases, the right-of-use asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the net present value of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received.follows:

On May 1, 2019, the Company recorded a right-of-use asset in the amount of $9,575,000, which represents the lease liability of $10,340,000 adjusted for previously recorded unamortized lease incentives in the amount of $765,000. The right-of-use asset will be amortized over the remaining lease term in the amount equal to the difference between the calculated straight-line expense of the total lease payments less the monthly interest calculated on the remaining lease liability. As of July 31, 2024, the Company had a long-term lease asset of $3,833,000, solely related to our NYC headquarters, located at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, recorded in property and equipment in its consolidated balance sheets. The VLDC lease at 205 Chubb Ave., Lyndhurst, NJ ended on April 30, 2024.

($ in thousands)

Cost

Gross Unrealized

Gains

Gross Unrealized

Losses

Fair Value

ETFs - equities

15,505

6,337

)

21,837

22The carrying value and fair value of equity securities at April 30, 2024 were as follows:

The Company recognizes lease expense, calculated as the remaining cost of the lease allocated over the remaining lease term on a straight-line basis. Lease expense is presented as part of continuing operations in the consolidated condensed statements of income. The Company recognized $319,000 and $375,000 in lease expenses in both fiscal years 2025 and 2024 during the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively. For the three months ended July 31, 2024, the Company paid $354,000 in rent relating to the leases. As a payment arising from an operating lease, the $354,000 is classified within operating activities in the consolidated condensed statements of cash flows. The Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit interest rate, and therefore the Company estimated an incremental borrowing rate, or IBR, as of the commencement date, to determine the present value of its operating lease liabilities. The IBR is defined under ASC 842 as the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The following table reconciles the undiscounted future minimum lease payments to the total operating lease liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2024:

($ in thousands)

Cost

Gross Unrealized

Gains

Gross Unrealized

Losses

Fair Value

ETFs - equities

11,663

4,685

)

16,344

Fiscal years ended April 30,	($ in thousands)
2025*	$	1,075
2026		1,461
2027		1,493
2028		882
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments		4,911
Less: difference between undiscounted lease payments & the present value of future lease payments		419
Total operating lease liabilities	$	4,492

Government Debt Securities (Fixed Income Securities):

*Fixed ~~Excludes~~income ~~the~~securities ~~three~~consist ~~months~~of ~~ended~~bank ~~July~~certificates ~~31,~~of ~~2024~~deposits ~~The~~and ~~following~~securities ~~table~~issued ~~summarizes~~by the ~~weighted-average~~United ~~remaining~~States ~~lease~~federal ~~terms and weighted-average discount rates for our operating leases:~~government.

	As of July 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)		3.33
Weighted-average discount rate		5.25	%

Proceeds from maturities and sales of government debt securities classified as available-for-sale during the six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, were $22,365,000 and $19,265,000, respectively. As of October 31, 2024, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income included unrealized losses of $94,000 net of deferred tax benefits of $20,000. As of April 30, 2024, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income included unrealized losses of $320,000, net of deferred tax benefits of $67,000.

23The aggregate cost and fair value at October 31, 2024 of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale were as follows:

Note 13 - Restricted Cash and Deposits:

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized
($ in thousands)	Historical Cost		Holding Gains		Holding Losses			Fair Value
Maturity
Due within 1 year	$	33,935	$	43	$	(1	)	$	33,977
Due 1 year through 5 years		5,073		-		(135	)		4,938
Total investment in government debt securities	$	39,008	$	43	$	(136	)	$	38,915

~~Restricted~~The ~~Money~~decrease ~~Market Investment~~ in ~~the~~gross ~~noncurrent~~unrealized ~~assets~~losses onof ~~the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet at July 31, 2024, includes~~ $~~305~~227,000, ~~which~~on ~~represents~~fixed ~~cash~~income ~~invested~~securities inclassified aas ~~bank~~available-for-sale ~~money~~net ~~market fund securing a letter~~ of ~~credit~~deferred ~~("LOC")~~income intax ~~the~~liability ~~amount~~ of $~~305~~48,000, ~~issued~~was toincluded ~~the~~in ~~sublandlord~~Accumulated asOther aComprehensive ~~security~~Income ~~deposit~~on ~~for~~ the ~~Company's~~Consolidated ~~New~~Condensed ~~York~~Balance ~~City~~Sheet ~~leased~~as ~~corporate~~of ~~office~~October ~~facility. According to the sublease agreement the LOC and restricted cash were reduced from $469~~31,~~000~~ ~~to $305,000 in the third quarter of fiscal year 2022~~2024.

~~Note~~The 14aggregate cost and fair value at April 30, 2024 of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale ~~Concentration~~were as follows:

During the three months ended July 31, 2024, 29.2% of total publishing revenues of $6,287,000 were derived from a single customer.

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized
($ in thousands)	Historical Cost		Holding Gains		Holding Losses			Fair Value
Maturity
Due within 1 year	$	42,843	$	4	$	(61	)	$	42,786
Due within 1 year through 5 years		5,088	$	-		(263	)		4,825
Total investment in government debt securities	$	47,931	$	4	$	(324	)	$	47,611

~~Note~~The 15increase in gross unrealized losses of $793,000 on fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale ~~Concentration~~net of ~~Credit~~deferred ~~Risk:~~income tax benefit of $166,000, was included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of April 30, 2024.

~~Financial~~The ~~instruments~~average ~~that~~yield ~~potentially~~on ~~subject~~ the ~~Company~~Government todebt ~~concentration~~securities ofclassified ~~credit~~as ~~risk~~available-for-sale ~~consist principally of cash deposits. Accounts~~ at ~~each~~October ~~institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. As of July~~ 31, 2024 and ~~July~~April 3130, ~~2023,~~2024 ~~the~~was ~~Company~~4.4% ~~had $3,918,000~~ and $24.4%,~~620,000,~~ respectively~~, in excess of the FDIC insured limit~~. Management has concluded the excess does not represent a material risk, based on the creditworthiness of the counter parties. The Company maintains a deposit account of $305,000 at Flagstar Bank as security for a letter of credit in a similar amount (See Note 13).

2412

~~Note~~Investment ~~16 - Business Segments~~Gains/(Losses):

~~The~~Investment Company allocates resources and assesses financial performance on a consolidated basis. It does so because significant costs are shared in common by all products, and as a result, it does not have discrete financial information available for separate business components to assess performance and make resource allocation decisions for more than one segment. Therefore, the investment periodicals and related publications gains/(~~such as digital equivalents~~losses), ~~along~~were ~~with~~comprised supplying the embedded Proprietary information and intellectual property rights, are treated as one segment, Publishing. All required segment financial information can be found directly in the consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies for our reportable segment are the same as those described in Note 1. Value Line’s customers are almost entirely located within the United States. It receives approximately 2% of ~~its revenues from external customers located outside of~~ the United States. As described in Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, the Company deconsolidated its investment management business in December 2010 and therefore no longer reports the investment management operation as a separate business unit. Although VLI continues to receive significant cash flows from these operations through its non-controlling investment in EAM, it no longer considers this to be a reportable business segment because it does not satisfy one of the required characteristics of an operating segment pursuant to ASC 280-10-50-1. Specifically, VLI’s Chief Executive Officer does not regularly review EAM’s operating results to make decisions about resources to be allocated to EAM.following:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Dividend income	$	181		$	133		$	328		$	278
Interest income		499			487			1,044			876
Investment gains/(losses) recognized on sales of equity securities during the period		(192	)		(14	)		(125	)		(3	)
Unrealized gains/(losses) recognized on equity securities held at the end of the period		698			(1,685	)		1,648			(1,475	)
Total investment gains/(losses)	$	1,186		$	(1,079	)	$	2,895		$	(324	)

~~Item~~Taxable 2.realized ~~MANAGEMENT’S~~gains/(losses) ~~DISCUSSION~~on ~~AND~~equity ~~ANALYSIS~~securities OFsold ~~FINANCIAL~~during ~~CONDITION~~fiscal ~~AND~~years ~~RESULTS~~2025 OFand ~~OPERATIONS~~2024, which are generally the difference between the proceeds from sales and our original cost, were losses of $127,000 in fiscal 2025 and losses of $18,000 in fiscal 2024.

~~Cautionary~~Investment ~~Statement~~in ~~Regarding~~Unconsolidated ~~Forward-Looking Information~~Entities:

InEquity ~~this~~Method ~~report, “Value Line,” “we,” “us,” “our” refers to Value Line, Inc. and “the Company” refers to Value Line and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires.~~Investment:

~~This~~As ~~report~~of ~~contains~~October ~~statements that are predictive in nature~~31, ~~depend~~2024 ~~upon or refer to future events or conditions (including certain projections~~ and ~~business~~April ~~trends) accompanied by such phrases as “believe”~~30, ~~“estimate”~~2024, ~~“expect”,~~the ~~“anticipate”,~~Company's ~~“will”,~~investment ~~“intend”~~in ~~and~~EAM ~~other~~Trust ~~similar~~on ~~or negative expressions, that are “forward-looking statements” as defined in~~ the ~~Private~~Consolidated ~~Securities~~Condensed ~~Litigation~~Balance ~~Reform~~Sheets ~~Act~~was ~~of 1995~~$60, ~~as amended. Actual results for Value Line~~786,000 ~~Inc. (“Value Line” or “the Company”) may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks~~ and ~~uncertainties~~$60,134,000, ~~including but not limited to the following:~~respectively.

●The ~~maintaining~~value ~~revenue~~of ~~from~~VLI’s ~~subscriptions~~investment ~~for~~in EAM at October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024 reflects the ~~Company~~fair value of contributed capital of $55,805,000 at inception which included $5,820,000 of cash and liquid securities in excess of working capital requirements contributed to EAM’s ~~digital~~capital account by VLI, plus VLI's share of non-voting revenues and ~~print~~non-voting ~~published~~profits ~~products;~~from EAM less distributions, made quarterly to VLI by EAM, during the period subsequent to its initial investment through the dates of the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

●It ~~changes~~is inanticipated ~~investment~~that ~~trends~~EAM will have sufficient liquidity and ~~economic~~earn ~~conditions,~~enough ~~including~~profit ~~global~~to ~~financial~~conduct ~~issues;~~its current and future operations so the management of EAM will not need additional funding.

●The ~~changes~~Company monitors its Investment in ~~Federal~~EAM ~~Reserve~~Trust ~~policies~~for ~~affecting~~impairment ~~interest~~to ~~rates~~determine ~~and~~whether ~~liquidity~~an ~~along~~event ~~with~~or ~~resulting~~change ~~effects~~in circumstances has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on ~~equity~~the ~~markets;~~fair value of the investment. Impairment indicators include, but are not limited to the following: (a) a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee, (b) a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee, (c) a significant adverse change in the general market condition of the industry in which the investee operates, or (d) factors that raise significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern such as negative cash flows, working capital deficiencies, or noncompliance with statutory capital and regulatory requirements. EAM did not record any impairment losses for its assets during the fiscal years 2025 or 2024.

●The ~~stability~~components of ~~the~~EAM’s ~~banking~~investment ~~system~~management operations, ~~including~~provided ~~the success of U.S. government policies and actions in regard~~ to ~~banks~~the ~~with~~Company ~~liquidity~~by ~~or capital issues~~EAM, ~~along~~were ~~with~~as ~~the associated impact on equity markets;~~follows:

● continuation of orderly markets for equities and corporate and governmental debt securities;

	Three Months Ended October 31,					Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands) (unaudited)	2024		2023			2024		2023
Investment management fees earned from the Value Line Funds, net of waivers shown below	$	7,966	$	5,640		$	15,342	$	11,068
12b-1 fees and other fees, net of waivers	$	2,010	$	1,600		$	3,952	$	3,179
Other income	$	160	$	(14	)	$	316	$	103
Investment management fee waivers and reimbursements	$	40	$	114		$	87	$	162
12b-1 fee waivers	$	23	$	23		$	46	$	48
Value Line’s non-voting revenues interest	$	4,046	$	2,721		$	7,726	$	5,337
EAM's net income (1)	$	1,168	$	548		$	2,290	$	1,030

●(1) ~~problems~~Represents ~~protecting~~EAM's ~~intellectual~~net ~~property~~income, ~~rights~~after ingiving ~~Company~~effect ~~methods~~to Value Line’s non-voting revenues interest, but before distributions to voting profits interest holders and ~~trademarks;~~to the Company in respect of its 50% non-voting profits interest.

● protecting confidential information including customer confidential or personal information that we may possess;

	October 31,			April 30,
($ in thousands)	2024			2024
	(unaudited)
EAM's total assets	$	63,953		$	63,076
EAM's total liabilities (1)		(6,861	)		(5,881	)
EAM's total equity	$	57,092		$	57,195

●(1) ~~dependence~~At onOctober ~~non-voting~~31, ~~revenues~~2024 and ~~non-voting~~April ~~profits~~30, ~~interests in EULAV Asset Management~~2024, ~~a Delaware statutory trust (“~~EAM”'s ortotal ~~“EAM~~liabilities ~~Trust”),~~included ~~which~~a ~~serves~~payable asto ~~the~~VLI ~~investment~~for ~~advisor~~its toaccrued ~~the~~non-voting ~~Value~~revenues ~~Line~~interest ~~Funds~~ and ~~engages~~non-voting inprofits ~~related~~interest ~~distribution~~of $4,572,000 ~~marketing~~ and ~~administrative~~$3,865,000, ~~services;~~respectively.

● fluctuations in EAM’s and third party copyright assets under management due to broadly based changes in the values of equity and debt securities, sectoral variations, redemptions by investors and other factors;13

●Note 3 ~~possible~~- ~~changes~~Variable inInterest ~~the valuation of EAM’s intangible assets from time to time;~~Entity

●The ~~possible~~Company ~~changes~~holds ina ~~future~~non-voting revenues orinterest ~~collection~~and a 50% non-voting profits interest in EAM, the adviser to the Value Line asset management and mutual fund distribution businesses. EAM is considered to be a VIE in relation to the Company. The Company makes its determination for consolidation of ~~receivables~~EAM ~~from~~as ~~significant~~a ~~customers;~~VIE based on a qualitative assessment of the purpose and design of EAM, the terms and characteristics of the variable interests in EAM, and the risks EAM is designed to originate and pass through to holders of variable interests. Other than EAM, the Company does not have an interest in any other VIEs.

●The ~~dependence~~Company onhas ~~key~~determined ~~executive~~that it does not have a controlling financial interest in EAM because it does not have the power to direct the activities of EAM that most significantly impact its economic performance. Value Line does not hold any voting stock of EAM and ~~specialist~~it ~~personnel;~~does not have any involvement in the day-to-day activities or operations of EAM. Although the EAM Trust Agreement provides Value Line with certain consent rights and contains certain restrictive covenants related to the activities of EAM, these are considered to be protective rights and therefore Value Line does not maintain control over EAM.

●In ~~risks~~addition, ~~associated~~although ~~with~~EAM ~~the~~is ~~outsourcing~~expected ofto ~~certain~~be ~~functions~~profitable, ~~technical~~there ~~facilities,~~is ~~and~~a risk that it could operate at a loss. While all of the profit interest shareholders in EAM are subject to variability based on EAM’s operations risk, ~~including~~Value Line’s non-voting revenues interest in ~~some~~EAM ~~instances~~is ~~outside~~a preferred interest in the Urevenues of EAM, rather than a profits interest in EAM, and Value Line accordingly believes it is subject to proportionately less risk than other holders of the profits interests.~~S.;~~

●The ~~competition~~Company has not provided any explicit or implicit financial or other support to EAM other than what was contractually agreed to in the ~~fields~~EAM ofTrust ~~publishing,~~Agreement. Value ~~copyright~~Line has no obligation to fund EAM in the future and, ~~investment~~as ~~management~~a result, ~~along~~has ~~with~~no ~~associated~~exposure ~~effects~~to onloss ~~the~~beyond ~~level~~its initial investment and ~~structure~~any ofundistributed ~~prices~~revenues and ~~fees~~profits interests retained in EAM. The following table presents the total assets of EAM, ~~and~~the maximum exposure to loss due to involvement with EAM, as well as the ~~mix~~value of ~~services~~the ~~delivered;~~assets and liabilities the Company has recorded on its Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets for its interest in EAM.

● the impact of government regulation on the Company’s and EAM’s businesses;

			Value Line
($ in thousands)	VIE Assets		Investment in EAM Trust (1)		Liabilities		Maximum Exposure to Loss
As of October 31, 2024 (unaudited)	$	63,953	$	60,786	$	-	$	60,786
As of April 30, 2024	$	63,076	$	60,134	$	-	$	60,134

●(1) Reported ~~federal~~within ~~and/or~~Long-Term ~~state~~Assets ~~legislative~~on ~~changes~~the ~~that~~Consolidated ~~might~~Condensed ~~affect~~Balance ~~Value Line’s business;~~Sheets.

~~● the availability of free or low cost investment information through discount brokers or generally over the internet;~~14

●Note ~~the~~4 ~~economic~~- ~~and~~Supplementary ~~other~~Cash ~~impacts~~Flows ~~of global political and military conflicts;~~Information:

●Reconciliation ~~continued availability~~ of ~~generally~~Cash, ~~dependable~~Cash ~~energy~~Equivalents, ~~supplies~~ and ~~transportation~~Restricted ~~facilities in the geographic areas in which the company and certain suppliers operate;~~Cash:

●The ~~terrorist~~following ~~attacks~~table provides a reconciliation of cash, ~~cyber~~cash ~~attacks~~equivalents, and ~~natural~~restricted ~~disasters;~~cash reported within the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows.

● insufficiency in our business continuity plans or systems in the event of anticipated or unpredictable disruption;

	Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,293	$	3,924
Restricted cash		305		305
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Cash Flows	$	11,598	$	4,229

●Income ~~widespread~~Tax ~~illnesses which may drastically affect markets, employment, and other economic conditions, and may have additional unpredictable impacts on employees, suppliers, customers, and operations;~~Payments:

●The ~~changes~~Company inmade ~~prices~~income ~~and~~tax ~~availability~~payments ~~of materials and other inputs and services, such~~ as ~~freight and postage, required by the Company;~~follows:

	Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023
State and local income tax payments	$	594	$	497
Federal income tax payments	$	3,068	$	2,900

●Note ~~other~~5 ~~risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the risks described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10~~-K ~~for~~Employees' ~~the~~Profit ~~year~~Sharing ~~ended April 30, 2024~~ and inSavings ~~Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended July 31, 2024; and other risks and uncertainties arising from time to time.~~Plan:

~~These~~Substantially ~~factors are not necessarily~~ all employees of the ~~important~~Company ~~factors~~and ~~that~~its ~~could~~subsidiaries ~~cause~~are ~~actual~~members ~~results~~of tothe ~~differ~~Value ~~materially~~Line, ~~from~~Inc. ~~those~~Profit ~~expressed~~Sharing inand ~~any~~Savings ofPlan ~~our~~(the ~~forward-looking statements~~"Plan"). ~~Other~~In ~~unknown~~general, orthis ~~unpredictable~~is ~~factors~~a ~~which~~qualified, ~~may~~contributory ~~involve~~plan ~~external~~which ~~factors~~provides ~~over~~for ~~which~~a wediscretionary ~~may~~annual ~~have~~Company nocontribution. ~~control~~For orthe ~~changes~~six inmonths ~~our~~ended ~~plans,~~October ~~strategies~~31, ~~objectives,~~2024 ~~expectations~~and orOctober ~~intentions~~31, ~~which~~2023, ~~may~~the ~~happen~~estimated atprofit ~~any~~sharing ~~time~~plan ~~at our discretion~~contributions, ~~could~~which ~~also~~are ~~have~~included ~~material adverse effects on future results. Except~~ as ~~otherwise~~expenses ~~required to be disclosed~~ in ~~periodic~~salaries ~~reports~~and ~~required~~employee tobenefits bein ~~filed by public companies with~~ the ~~SEC~~Consolidated ~~pursuant~~Condensed toStatements ~~the~~of ~~SEC's rules~~Income, wewere ~~have no duty to update these statements~~$191,000 and ~~we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements~~$191,000 ~~whether~~in asfiscal a2025 ~~result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks~~ and ~~uncertainties,~~fiscal ~~current plans~~2024, ~~anticipated actions, and future financial conditions and results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking information contained herein~~respectively.

~~Executive~~Note ~~Summary~~6 of- ~~the~~Comprehensive ~~Business~~Income:

The ~~Company~~FASB's ~~core~~ASC ~~business~~Comprehensive isIncome ~~producing~~topic ~~investment~~requires periodicals and their underlying research and making available certain Value Line copyrights, Value Line trademarks and Value Line Proprietary Ranks and other proprietary information, to third parties under written agreements for use in third-party managed and marketed investment products and for other purposes. Value Line markets under well-known brands including Value Line®, the ~~Value~~reporting ~~Line~~of ~~logo®,~~comprehensive ~~The~~income ~~Value Line Investment Survey®, Smart Research, Smarter Investing™ and The Most Trusted Name~~ in ~~Investment~~addition ~~Research®. The name "Value Line" as used~~ to ~~describe~~net ~~the~~income ~~Company,~~from ~~its~~operations. Comprehensive ~~products,~~income ~~and its subsidiaries,~~ is a ~~registered~~more ~~trademark~~inclusive offinancial ~~the~~reporting ~~Company.~~methodology ~~EULAV~~that ~~Asset~~includes ~~Management~~disclosure ~~Trust~~of ~~(“EAM”)~~certain ~~was~~financial ~~established~~information tothat ~~provide~~otherwise ~~the~~would ~~investment~~not ~~management~~be ~~services~~recognized toin the ~~Value~~calculation Line Funds, institutional and individual accounts and provide distribution, marketing, and administrative services to the Value Line® Mutual Funds ("Value Line Funds"). The Company maintains a significant investment in EAM from which it receives payments in respect of ~~its~~net ~~non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests~~income.

~~The~~As ~~Company’s~~of ~~target~~October ~~audiences~~31, ~~within~~2024 ~~the~~and ~~investment~~October ~~research field are individual investors~~31, ~~colleges~~2023, ~~libraries,~~the ~~and~~Company ~~investment~~held ~~management~~fixed ~~professionals.~~income ~~Individuals~~securities ~~come~~consisting toof ~~Value~~bank ~~Line~~certificates ~~for~~of ~~complete~~deposits ~~research~~and insecurities ~~one~~issued ~~package.~~by ~~Institutional~~the ~~licensees~~United ~~consist~~States offederal ~~corporations,~~government ~~financial~~that ~~professionals,~~are ~~colleges,~~classified ~~and~~as ~~municipal~~securities ~~libraries.~~available-for-sale ~~Libraries~~on ~~and~~the ~~universities~~Consolidated ~~offer~~Condensed ~~the~~Balance ~~Company’s~~Sheets. ~~detailed~~The ~~research~~change toin ~~their~~valuation ~~patrons~~of ~~and~~fixed ~~students.~~income ~~Investment~~securities, ~~management~~net ~~professionals~~of ~~use~~deferred ~~the~~income ~~research~~taxes, ~~and~~has ~~historical~~been ~~information~~recorded in ~~their~~Accumulated ~~day-to-day~~Other ~~businesses.~~Comprehensive ~~The~~Income ~~Company~~in ~~has~~the aCompany's ~~dedicated~~Consolidated ~~department~~Condensed ~~that~~Balance ~~solicits institutional subscriptions~~Sheets.

~~Payments~~The ~~received~~components ~~for~~of ~~new~~comprehensive ~~and~~income ~~renewal~~included ~~subscriptions~~in ~~and~~ the ~~value~~Consolidated Condensed Statements of ~~receivables~~Income ~~for amounts billed to retail~~ and ~~institutional~~Changes ~~customers are recorded as unearned revenue until the order is fulfilled. As the orders are fulfilled, the Company recognizes revenue~~ in ~~equal~~Shareholders' ~~installments~~Equity ~~over~~for the ~~life~~six ofmonths ~~the~~ended ~~particular~~October ~~subscription. Accordingly~~31, ~~the~~2024 ~~subscription fees to be earned by fulfilling subscriptions after the date of a particular balance sheet~~ are ~~shown on that balance sheet~~ as ~~unearned revenue within current and long-term liabilities.~~follows:

The investment periodicals and related publications (retail and institutional) and Value Line copyrights and Value Line Proprietary Ranks and other proprietary information consolidate into one segment called Publishing. The Publishing segment constitutes the Company’s only reportable business segment.

($ in thousands)

Amount Before

Tax

Tax (Expense) /

Benefit

Amount Net of

Tax

Change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale fixed income securities

227

(48

)

179

227

(48

)

179

~~Asset~~The ~~Management~~components of comprehensive income included in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income and ~~Mutual~~Changes ~~Fund~~in ~~Distribution~~Shareholders' ~~Businesses~~Equity for the six months ended October 31, 2023 are as follows:

Pursuant to the EAM Declaration of Trust, the Company maintains an interest in certain revenues of EAM and a portion of the residual profits of EAM but has no voting authority with respect to the election or removal of the trustees of EAM or control of its business.

($ in thousands)

Amount Before

Tax

Tax (Expense) /

Benefit

Amount Net of

Tax

Change in unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale fixed income securities

(837

)

177

(660

)

(837

)

177

(660

)

2715

~~The~~Note ~~business~~7 ~~of EAM is managed by its trustees each owning 20% of the voting interest in EAM and by its officers subject to the direction of the trustees. The Company’s non~~-~~voting~~ ~~revenues~~Related ~~and~~Party non-voting profits interests in EAM entitle it to receive a range of 41% to 55% of EAM’s revenues (excluding distribution revenues) from EAM’s mutual fund and separate account business and 50% of the residual profits of EAM (subject to temporary increase in certain limited circumstances). The Voting Profits Interest Holders will receive the other 50% of residual profits of EAM. Distribution is not less than 90% of EAM’s profits payable each fiscal quarter under the provisions of the EAM Trust Agreement.Transactions:

~~Business~~Investment ~~Environment~~Management (overview):

The ~~U.S.~~Company ~~economy,~~has ~~after~~substantial ~~showing~~non-voting ~~signs~~revenues ofand ~~slowing~~non-voting ~~down~~profits ~~during~~interests ~~the~~in ~~first three months of calendar 2024~~EAM, ~~reaccelerated in~~ the ~~second~~asset ~~quarter.~~manager ~~The~~to ~~nation’s~~the ~~gross~~Value ~~domestic~~Line ~~product~~Mutual ~~expanded by an estimated 3~~Funds.~~0% in the June quarter~~ Accordingly, ~~more than double~~ the ~~1.4%~~Company ~~gain~~does ~~recorded~~not inreport ~~the~~this ~~March~~operation ~~period.~~as ~~The advance was fueled by~~ a ~~2.9%~~separate ~~increase~~business ~~in personal consumption expenditures~~segment, ~~which~~although ~~was~~it ~~nearly~~maintains ~~twice~~a ~~the~~significant ~~pace~~interest ~~logged~~ in the ~~initial~~cash ~~quarter.~~flows ~~The~~generated ~~consumer~~by ~~sector,~~this ~~which~~business ~~accounts~~and ~~for~~receives ~~two~~non-~~thirds~~voting ofrevenues ~~the nation’s output, has proven resilient amid higher inflation~~ and ~~elevated~~non-voting ~~lending~~profits ~~rates the last few years. But these gains may have come at a price~~interests, as ~~consumer~~discussed ~~credit card debt rose to a record $1~~below.~~14 trillion in the second stanza and loan delinquencies are on the rise.~~

~~The~~Total ~~economic~~assets ~~advance~~in ~~comes as~~ the ~~Federal~~Value ~~Reserve~~Line ~~appears~~Funds ~~poised~~managed toand/or ~~start~~distributed ~~winding~~by ~~down~~EAM ~~its~~at ~~most~~October ~~restrictive~~31, ~~monetary~~2024, ~~policy~~were ~~course in four decades in an effort to rein in inflation~~$4.78 ~~The Fed looks close to achieving its goal~~billion, as44.6% ~~the~~above ~~pace~~total ofassets ~~both consumer and producer (wholesale) price growth eased further over the summer months and moved closer to the central bank’s target growth rate~~ of 2%$3.31 ~~This~~billion ~~has~~in ~~likely given~~ the ~~lead~~Value ~~bank~~Line ~~the~~Funds ~~confidence~~managed toand/or ~~begin~~distributed ~~reducing~~by ~~the~~EAM ~~federal~~at ~~funds~~October ~~rate after holding it steady~~31, ~~in a range of 5~~2023.~~25% to 5.50%, for eight-consecutive Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings through July of this year.~~

The ~~central~~Company’s ~~bank~~non-voting ~~also~~revenues isand ~~keeping~~non-voting aprofits ~~close~~interests ~~eye~~in onEAM ~~the~~entitle ~~labor~~it ~~market,~~to ~~which~~receive isquarterly ~~the~~distributions ~~other part of its dual mandate. Initial weekly unemployment claims~~ in ~~July and August were running at~~ a ~~level~~range ~~indicative~~ of a41% ~~tight~~to ~~labor~~55% ~~market, but other metrics suggest that overall labor conditions are softening. These included a series~~ of ~~sharp~~EAM’s ~~downward~~revenues ~~revision~~(excluding todistribution ~~earlier~~revenues) ~~job~~from ~~creation totals, a steady upward move in the nation~~EAM’s ~~unemployment~~mutual ~~rate~~fund (and ~~from~~separate ~~3.7%~~account inbusiness ~~January~~and ~~to 4.3~~50% atof the ~~end~~residual profits of ~~July),~~EAM ~~and~~(subject ~~the~~to ~~Labor~~temporary ~~Department’s~~increase ~~report~~in ~~stating~~certain ~~that~~limited ~~monthly~~circumstances). ~~payroll~~The ~~figures~~Voting ~~overstated~~Profits ~~job~~Interest ~~growth~~Holders bywill ~~roughly~~receive ~~818,000 in~~ the 12other ~~months~~50% ~~that~~of ~~ended~~residual inprofits ~~March,~~of ~~2024~~EAM. ~~Our~~Distribution ~~sense~~ is ~~that~~not ~~the~~less ~~state~~than 90% of ~~the~~EAM’s ~~job~~profits ~~market~~payable ~~going~~each ~~forward~~fiscal ~~will~~quarter ~~play~~under athe ~~big~~provisions ~~role~~of ~~in deciding just how aggressively~~ the ~~Federal~~EAM ~~Reserve~~Trust ~~will~~Agreement. ~~reduce~~Value ~~the~~Line’s ~~benchmark~~percent ~~short-term~~share ~~interest~~of ~~rate~~EAM’s ~~over~~revenues ~~the~~is ~~remaining~~calculated ~~months~~each offiscal ~~calendar 2024~~quarter.

InEAM ~~conclusion,~~Trust ~~the Federal Reserve appears to be inching closer to achieving its goal of taming inflation, which jumped to a 40~~-~~year~~ high in June, 2022, without leading to a sharp deterioration in the U.S. labor market and pushing the economy into recession. This has provided a supportive backdrop for Corporate America and the U.S. stock market. In all, the business environment has held up well, with profit growth for S&P 500 companies averaging nearly 11% in the second quarter. This represented the highest year-over-year earnings growth for S&P 500 companies since the final quarter of 2021, and was likely needed to justify the Index’VLI's ~~high price~~non-~~to-earnings~~voting ~~multiple,~~revenues ~~which at the end of the second calendar quarter was above both its five-~~ and 10non-~~year~~voting ~~averages.~~profits interests:

28The Company holds non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests in EAM which entitle the Company to receive from EAM an amount ranging from 41% to 55% of EAM's investment management fee revenues from its mutual fund and separate accounts business. EAM currently has no separately managed account clients. The Company recorded income from its non-voting revenues interest and its non-voting profits interests in EAM as follows:

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended July 31, 2024 and 2023

	Three Months Ended October 31,				Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Non-voting revenues interest in EAM	$	4,046	$	2,721	$	7,726	$	5,337
Non-voting profits interest in EAM		584		274		1,145		515
	$	4,630	$	2,995	$	8,871	$	5,852

~~The~~At ~~following~~October ~~table~~31, ~~illustrates~~2024, the Company’'s ~~key~~investment ~~components~~in EAM includes a receivable of $4,572,000 representing the quarterly distribution of the non-voting revenues share and ~~expenses~~non-voting profits share. That amount was subsequently paid timely to the Company.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands, except earnings per share)	2024		2023		Change
Income from operations	$	1,847	$	2,747		-32.8	%
Non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests from EAM Trust		4,241		2,857		48.4	%
Income from operations plus non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests from EAM Trust	$	6,088	$	5,604		8.6	%
Operating expenses	$	7,037	$	6,996		0.6	%
Investment gains / (losses)	$	1,709	$	755		126.4	%
Income before income taxes	$	7,797	$	6,359		22.6	%
Net income	$	5,887	$	4,859		21.2	%
Earnings per share	$	0.62	$	0.52		19.2	%

Transactions with Parent:

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~July~~October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company’s ~~net~~was ~~income~~reimbursed of $5168,~~887,~~000, orand $~~0.62~~170,000, ~~per share~~respectively, ~~was~~for ~~21.2%~~payments ~~above~~it ~~net~~made ~~income~~on behalf of ~~$4,859,000,~~and orfor ~~$0.52~~services ~~per~~the ~~share,~~Company ~~for~~provided to the ~~three~~Parent ~~months~~Company, ~~ended~~Arnold ~~July~~Bernhard 31and Co., ~~2023~~Inc. ~~For~~("Parent"). There ~~the~~were ~~three~~no ~~months~~receivables ~~ended~~from ~~July~~the ~~31,~~Parent ~~2024,~~on ~~operating~~the ~~expenses~~Consolidated ~~increased~~Condensed ~~slightly~~Balance ~~above~~Sheets ~~those~~at ~~during~~October ~~the~~31, ~~three~~2024 ~~months~~and ~~ended~~April ~~July 31~~30, ~~2023~~2024.

~~During~~The Company is a party to a tax-sharing arrangement with the ~~three~~Parent ~~months~~which ~~ended~~allocates ~~July~~the ~~31,~~tax ~~2024,~~liabilities ~~there~~of ~~were~~the ~~9,419,938~~two ~~average~~Companies ~~common~~between ~~shares~~them. ~~outstanding~~The asCompany ~~compared~~made tono ~~9,432,573~~federal ~~average~~tax ~~common~~payments ~~shares~~to ~~outstanding~~the Parent during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~July~~October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023.

~~Total~~From ~~operating~~time ~~revenues~~to time, the Parent has purchased additional shares of common stock of the Company in the market when and as the Parent has determined it to be appropriate. The Parent may make additional purchases of common stock of the Company from time to time in the future. As of October 31, 2024, the Parent owned 91.67% of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		Change
Investment periodicals and related publications:
Print	$	2,233	$	2,382		-6.3	%
Digital		4,054		4,075		-0.5	%
Total investment periodicals and related publications		6,287		6,457		-2.6	%
Copyright fees		2,597		3,286		-21.0	%
Total publishing revenues	$	8,884	$	9,743		-8.8	%

~~Within~~Note ~~investment~~8 ~~periodicals~~- ~~and related publications~~Federal, ~~subscription~~State ~~sales orders are derived from print~~ and ~~digital~~Local ~~products.~~Income ~~The following chart illustrates the changes in the sales orders associated with print and digital subscriptions.~~Taxes:

29In accordance with the requirements of the Income Tax Topic of the FASB's ASC, the Company's provision for income taxes includes the following:

Sources of subscription sales

	Three Months Ended October 31,					Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023			2024		2023
Current tax expense:
Federal	$	1,339	$	1,253		$	2,622	$	2,462
State and local		354		259			666		510
Current tax expense		1,693		1,512			3,288		2,972
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
Federal		182		(346	)		486		(306	)
State and local		-		(64	)		11		(64	)
Deferred tax expense (benefit):		182		(410	)		497		(370	)
Income tax provision	$	1,875	$	1,102		$	3,785	$	2,602

	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2024						2023
	Print			Digital			Print			Digital
New Sales		18.2	%		9.2	%		14.5	%		13.5	%
Renewal Sales		81.8	%		90.8	%		85.5	%		86.5	%
Total Gross Sales		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

On December 22, 2017 H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"), was enacted. The Tax Act lowered the U.S. federal income tax rate ("Federal Tax Rate") from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. Accordingly, the Company computes Federal income tax expense using the Federal Tax Rate of 21% in fiscal year 2019 and each year thereafter.

~~During~~The overall effective income tax rates, as a percentage of pre-tax ordinary income for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~July~~October 31, 2024 and October 31, ~~new~~2023 ~~sales~~were of24.65% ~~print~~and ~~publications~~23.76%, ~~increased~~respectively. The higher effective tax rate during six months ended October 31, 2024 as compared to October 31, 2023, is primarily a ~~percent~~result of a increase in the ~~total~~state ~~gross~~and ~~sales~~local asincome tax rate to 3.86% from 3.03% due to changes in state and local income tax allocations. The Company's annualized overall effective tax rate fluctuates due to a ~~result~~number of factors, in addition to changes in tax law, including but not limited to an increase or decrease in ~~new~~the ~~sales~~ratio ~~orders~~of ~~while~~items ~~conversion~~that ~~and~~do ~~renewal~~not ~~sales~~have ~~orders~~tax ~~decreased~~consequences ~~from~~to pre-income tax, the ~~prior~~Company's ~~fiscal~~geographic ~~year~~profit mix between tax jurisdictions, taxation method adopted by each locality, new interpretations of existing tax laws and rulings and settlements with tax authorities.

	As of July 31,		As of April 30,		As of July 31,		Change
($ in thousands)	2024		2024		2023		July-24 vs. Apr-24			July-24 vs. July-23
Unearned subscription revenue (current and long-term liabilities)	$	21,076	$	22,281	$	21,626		-5.4	%		-2.5	%

Unearned subscription revenue as of July 31, 2024 is 5.4% below April 30, 2024 and 2.5% below last fiscal year. A certain amount of variation is to be expected due to the volume of new orders and timing of long-term renewal contracts, direct mail campaigns and large Institutional Sales orders.

	October 31,			April 30,
($ in thousands)	2024			2024
Federal tax liability (benefit):
Deferred gain on deconsolidation of EAM	$	10,669		$	10,669
Deferred non-cash post-employment compensation		(372	)		(372	)
Depreciation and amortization		79			73
Unrealized gain/(loss) on securities held for sale		1,330			916
Right of Use Asset		(131	)		(128	)
Deferred charges		(74	)		(138	)
Other		(510	)		(424	)
Total federal tax liability		10,991			10,596

State and local tax liabilities (benefits):
Deferred gain on deconsolidation of EAM		2,490			2,073
Deferred non-cash post-employment compensation		(87	)		(72	)
Depreciation and amortization		19			13
Unrealized gain/(loss) on securities held for sale		310			178
Other		(319	)		105
Total state and local tax liabilities		2,413			2,297
Deferred tax liability, long-term	$	13,404		$	12,893

~~Investment~~At ~~periodicals~~the end of each interim reporting period, the Company estimates the effective income tax rate to apply for the full fiscal year. The Company uses the effective income tax rate determined to provide for income taxes on a year-to-date basis and ~~related~~reflects ~~publications~~the ~~revenues~~tax effect of any tax law changes and certain other discrete events in the period in which they occur.

~~Investment~~The ~~periodicals~~provision ~~and~~for ~~related~~income ~~publications~~taxes ~~revenues~~differs offrom ~~$6,287,000 (excluding copyright fees) during~~ the ~~three~~amount ~~months~~of ~~ended~~income ~~July~~tax ~~31,~~determined ~~2024~~by ~~were~~applying ~~2.6% below publications revenues of $6,457,000 in~~ the ~~prior~~applicable ~~fiscal year~~U.S. ~~The~~statutory ~~Company~~income ~~continued~~tax ~~actions~~rate to ~~attract~~pretax ~~new~~income ~~subscribers~~as ~~through~~a ~~various~~result ~~marketing~~of ~~channels, primarily direct mail, e-mail, and by~~ the efforts of our sales personnel. As fewer individual investors manage their own portfolios, particularly in volatile markets, total product line circulation at July 31, 2024, was 2.6% below total product line circulation at July 31, 2023.following:

Circulation also reflected management’s decision to reduce marketing efforts temporarily while the challenging stock market environment persisted during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024. Total print circulation at July 31, 2024 was 2.2% below the total print circulation at July 31, 2023. During the three months ended July 31, 2024, print publication revenues of $2,233,000 decreased 6.3%, below print publication revenues of $2,382,000 during the corresponding period of 2024 because we deferred advertising in light of negative sentiment among prospective individual customers in a challenging market environment. Total digital circulation at July 31, 2024 was 3.1% below total digital circulation at July 31, 2023. During the three months ended July 31, 2024, digital revenues of $4,054,000 were slightly lower when compared to the prior fiscal year. These figures reflect weak investor sentiment, likely temporary, and the ongoing shift from our print services to digital counterparts. Sales of our higher-price, higher-profit, publications have been stronger than sales of lower price “starter” products.

	Six Months Ended October 31,
	2024			2023
U.S. statutory federal tax rate		21.00	%		21.00	%
Increase (decrease) in tax rate from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		3.86	%		3.03	%
Effect of dividends received deductions		(0.22	)%		(0.25	)%
Other, net		0.01	%		(0.02	)%
Effective income tax rate		24.65	%		23.76	%

~~Value~~The ~~Line~~Company ~~serves~~believes ~~primarily~~that, ~~individual~~as ~~and~~of ~~professional~~October ~~investors in stocks~~31, ~~and other securities~~2024, ~~who~~there ~~pay~~were ~~mostly~~no onmaterial ~~annual~~uncertain ortax ~~multi-year~~positions ~~subscription~~that ~~plans,~~would ~~for~~require ~~basic~~disclosure ~~services~~under ~~or as much as $100,000 or more annually for comprehensive premium quality research, not obtainable elsewhere~~GAAP.

3017

The ~~Value~~Company ~~Line~~is ~~Proprietary~~included ~~Ranks~~in (the ~~“Ranking~~consolidated ~~System”),~~federal aincome ~~component~~tax return of the Parent. The Company’s ~~flagship~~has ~~product,~~a ~~The~~tax ~~Value~~sharing ~~Line~~agreement ~~Investment~~which ~~Survey,~~requires ~~are~~it ~~also~~to ~~utilized~~make intax ~~the~~payments ~~Company’s~~to ~~copyright~~the ~~business.~~Parent ~~The~~equal ~~Ranking~~to ~~System~~the isCompany's ~~made~~liability/(benefit) ~~available~~as toif ~~EAM~~it ~~for~~filed ~~specific~~a ~~uses~~separate ~~without charge~~return. ~~During~~Beginning with the ~~twelve~~fiscal ~~month~~year ~~period~~ ended ~~July~~April 3130, ~~2024~~2017, the ~~combined~~Company ~~Ranking~~files ~~System~~combined ~~“Rank~~income 1tax &returns 2”with ~~stocks’ increase of 18.4% compared favorably to~~ the ~~Russell~~Parent ~~2000~~on ~~Index’s~~a ~~increase~~unitary ofbasis ~~12.5%~~in ~~during~~certain ~~the comparable period~~states.

~~Copyright~~The ~~fees~~Company’s federal income tax returns (included in the Parent’s consolidated returns) and state and city tax returns for fiscal years ended 2021 through 2023, are subject to examination by the tax authorities, generally for three years after they are filed with the tax authorities.

~~During~~Note ~~the~~9 ~~three~~- ~~months~~Property ended July 31, 2024, copyright fees of $2,597,000 were 21.0% below those during the corresponding period in the prior fiscal year. These fees depend on the assets under management in financial products with contractual arrangements to use the Ranks and ~~other Value Line proprietary information.~~Equipment:

~~Investment~~Property ~~management~~and ~~fees~~equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation and ~~services~~amortization –are ~~(unconsolidated)~~provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or in the case of leasehold improvements, over the remaining terms of the leases. For income tax purposes, depreciation of furniture and equipment is computed using accelerated methods and buildings and leasehold improvements are depreciated over prescribed extended tax lives. Property and equipment, net, on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets was comprised of the following:

The Company has substantial non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests in EAM, the asset manager to the Value Line Mutual Funds. Accordingly, the Company does not report this operation as a separate business segment, although it maintains a significant interest in the cash flows generated by this business and will receive ongoing payments in respect of its non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests.

	October 31,			April 30,
($ in thousands)	2024			2024

Building and leasehold improvements	$	652		$	652
Operating lease - right-of-use asset		3,571			4,090
Furniture and equipment		2,316			2,274
		6,539			7,016
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,600	)		(2,576	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	3,939		$	4,440

~~Total~~Note ~~assets~~10 in- ~~the~~Accounting ~~Value~~for ~~Line~~the ~~Funds~~Costs ~~managed and/or distributed by EAM at July 31, 2024, were $4.60 billion, which is $1.13 billion, or 32.6%, above total assets~~ of ~~$3.47~~Computer ~~billion~~Software inDeveloped ~~the~~for ~~Value~~Internal ~~Line Funds managed and/or distributed by EAM at July 31, 2023.~~Use:

~~Value~~The ~~Line~~Company ~~Mutual~~has ~~Funds~~adopted the provisions of the Statement of Position 98-1 (SOP 98-1), "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed for Internal Use". SOP 98-1 requires companies to capitalize as long-lived assets many of the costs associated with developing or purchasing software for internal use and amortize those costs over the software's estimated useful life in a systematic and rational manner. Such costs, when incurred, are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the asset, normally 3 to 5 years. Total amortization expenses during the six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, were $29,000 and $35,000, respectively.

	As of July 31,
($ in millions)	2024		2023		Change
Equity and hybrid funds	$	4,566	$	3,432		33.0	%
Fixed income funds		37		39		-5.1	%
Total EAM managed net assets	$	4,603	$	3,471		32.6	%

During the six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company did not incur and did not capitalize expenditures related to third party programmers' costs nor internal costs to develop software for internal use.

~~EAM~~Note ~~Trust~~11 - ~~Results~~Treasury ofStock ~~operations~~and ~~before~~Repurchase ~~distribution to interest holders~~Program:

~~The~~During ~~gross~~October ~~fees~~2022, ~~and~~the ~~net~~Company's ~~income~~Board of ~~EAM’s~~Directors ~~investment~~approved ~~management~~a ~~operations~~renewal ~~during~~of ~~the~~a ~~three~~share ~~months~~repurchase ~~ended~~program ~~July~~authorizing ~~31,~~the ~~2024,~~repurchase ~~before~~of ~~interest~~shares ~~holder~~of ~~distributions,~~the ~~included~~Company’s ~~total~~common ~~investment~~stock ~~management~~up ~~fees~~to ~~earned~~an ~~from~~aggregate ~~the~~purchase ~~Value~~price ~~Line Funds~~ of $73,~~376,~~000,000. ~~12b-1~~The ~~fees~~repurchases ~~and~~may ~~other~~be ~~fees~~made offrom ~~$1,942,000~~time ~~and~~to ~~other~~time ~~net~~on ~~gains~~the ofopen ~~$156,000.~~market ~~For~~at ~~the~~prevailing ~~same~~market ~~period~~prices, ~~total~~in ~~investment~~negotiated ~~management~~transactions ~~fee~~off ~~waivers~~the ~~were $47~~market,~~000~~ ~~and~~in ~~12b-1~~block ~~fee~~purchases ~~waivers~~or ~~were $23,000~~otherwise. ~~During~~The ~~the~~repurchase ~~three~~program ~~months~~may ~~ended~~be ~~July~~suspended ~~31,~~or ~~2024,~~discontinued ~~EAM's~~at ~~net~~any ~~income~~time ~~was~~at ~~$1,122,000~~the ~~after giving effect to Value Line~~Company’s ~~non-voting~~discretion ~~revenues~~and ~~interest~~has ofno ~~$3,680,000,~~set ~~but~~price ~~before~~limit ~~distributions~~and tono ~~voting~~expiration ~~profits~~date. ~~interest~~There ~~holders~~is ~~and~~a toremainder ~~the~~of ~~Company~~$1,033,000 inbefore ~~respect~~the ofauthorized ~~its~~limit ~~50%~~is ~~non-voting profits interest~~reached.

~~The~~Treasury ~~gross fees and net income of EAM’s investment management operations during the three months ended July 31~~stock, ~~2023,~~at ~~before interest holder distributions~~cost, ~~included~~consists ~~total investment management fees earned from the Value Line Funds~~ of ~~$5,428,000, 12b-1 fees and other fees of $1,579,000 and other net gains of $117,000. For~~ the same period, total investment management fee waivers were $48,000 and 12b-1 fee waivers were $25,000. During the three months ended July 31, 2023, EAM's net income was $482,000 after giving effect to Value Line’s non-voting revenues interest of $2,616,000, but before distributions to voting profits interest holders and to the Company in respect of its 50% non-voting profits interest.following:

As of July 31, 2024, one of the Value Line Funds has 12b-1 fees waivers in place, and five funds have partial investment management fee waivers in place. Although, under the terms of the EAM Declaration of Trust, the Company does not receive or share in the revenues from 12b-1 distribution fees, the Company could benefit from the fee waivers to the extent that the resulting reduction of expense ratios and enhancement of the performance of the Value Line Funds attracts new assets.

(in thousands except for shares and cost per share)	Shares		Cost Assigned		Average Cost per Share		Aggregate Purchase Price Remaining Under the Program
Balance as of July 31, 2024		581,926	$	15,372	$	26.42	$	1,033
Purchases effected in open market during the months ended:
August 31, 2024		-	$	-		-		1,033
September 30, 2024		-	$	-		-		1,033
October 31, 2024		-	$	-		-		1,033
Balance as of October 31, 2024		581,926	$	15,372	$	26.42	$	1,033

3118

~~The~~Note ~~Value~~12 ~~Line~~- ~~equity~~Lease and hybrid funds’ assets represent 99.2% and fixed income fund assets represent 0.8%, respectively, of total fund assets under management (“AUM”) as of July 31, 2024. At July 31, 2024, equity and hybrid AUM increased by 33.0% and fixed income AUM decreased by 5.1% as compared to last year at July 31, 2023.Commitments:

~~EAM~~On -November ~~The~~30, 2016, Value Line, Inc., received consent from the landlord at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY to the terms of a new sublease agreement between Value Line, Inc. and ABM Industries, Incorporated (“ABM” or the “Sublandlord”) commencing on December 1, 2016. Pursuant to the agreement Value Line leased from ABM 24,726 square feet of office space located on the second and third floors at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY (“Building” or “Premises”) beginning on December 1, 2016 and ending on November 29, 2027. Base rent under the sublease agreement is $1,126,000 per annum during the first year with an annual increase in base rent of 2.25% scheduled for each subsequent year, payable in equal monthly installments on the first day of each month, subject to customary concessions in the Company’s ~~non~~favor and pass-~~voting~~through ~~revenues~~of certain increases in utility costs and ~~non-voting~~real ~~profits~~estate ~~interests~~taxes over the base year. The Company provided a security deposit represented by a letter of credit in the amount of $469,000 in October 2016, which was reduced to $305,000 on October 3, 2021 and is to be fully refunded after the sublease ends. This Building became the Company’s new corporate office facility. The Company is required to pay for certain operating expenses associated with the Premises as well as utilities supplied to the Premises. Sublandlord provided Value Line a work allowance of $417,000 which accompanied with the six months free rent worth $563,000 was applied against the Company’s obligation to pay rent at our NYC headquarters.

~~The~~From ~~Company~~2016 ~~holds~~to ~~non-voting~~2024, ~~revenues~~the ~~and~~Company’s ~~non-voting~~subsidiary ~~profits~~VLDC ~~interests~~and inSeagis ~~EAM~~Property ~~which~~Group ~~entitle~~LP (the ~~Company~~“Landlord”) toentered ~~receive~~into ~~from~~a ~~EAM~~lease anagreement, ~~amount~~pursuant ~~ranging~~to ~~from~~which ~~41%~~VLDC toleased ~~55%~~24,110 square feet of ~~EAM's~~warehouse ~~investment~~and ~~management~~appurtenant ~~fee~~office ~~revenues~~space ~~from~~located ~~its~~at ~~mutual~~Lyndhurst, ~~fund~~NJ ~~and~~(“Warehouse”). ~~separate~~Base ~~accounts~~rent ~~business~~under the Lease was $237,218 ~~and~~per ~~50%~~annum. ofThe ~~EAM’s~~Company ~~net~~provided ~~profits,~~a ~~not~~security ~~less~~deposit ~~than~~in ~~90%~~cash in the amount of $32,146, which ishas been fully refunded after the Company vacated the premises. VLDC distributed inValue ~~cash~~Line’s ~~every~~print ~~fiscal~~publications ~~quarter~~from the Warehouse. The Company has outsourced to U.S. contractors the functions formerly performed at the Warehouse.

~~The~~In ~~Company~~February ~~recorded~~2016, ~~income~~the ~~from~~FASB ~~its~~issued ~~non~~ASU No. 2016-~~voting~~02, ~~revenues~~“Leases ~~interest~~(Topic ~~and~~842)”. This ~~its~~ASU ~~non~~requires that, for leases longer than one year, a lessee recognizes in the statements of financial position a right-~~voting~~of-use ~~profits~~asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, representing the liability to make lease payments. It also requires that for finance leases, a lessee recognizes interest expense on the lease liability, separately from the amortization of the right-of-use asset in ~~EAM~~the statements of earnings, while for operating leases, such amounts should be recognized as ~~follows:~~a combined expense. The firm adopted this ASU in May 2019 under a modified retrospective approach.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		Change
Non-voting revenues interest	$	3,680	$	2,616		40.7	%
Non-voting profits interest		561		241		132.8	%
	$	4,241	$	2,857		48.4	%

The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective transition approach as of the Effective Date as permitted by the amendments in ASU 2018-11, which provides an alternative modified retrospective transition method. As a result, the Company was not required to adjust its comparative period financial information for effects of the standard or make the new required lease disclosures for periods before the date of adoption (i.e. May 1, 2019). The Company has elected to employ the transitionary relief offered by the FASB and, therefore, has not reassessed (1) whether existing or expired contracts contain a lease, (2) lease classification for existing or expired leases or (3) the accounting for initial direct costs that were previously capitalized.

~~Operating~~The ~~expenses~~Company leases office space in New York, NY. The Company has evaluated that lease and determined that it is an operating lease under the definitions of the guidance of ASU 2016-02.

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		Change
Advertising and promotion	$	860	$	772		11.4	%
Salaries and employee benefits		3,543		3,740		-5.3	%
Production and distribution		1,489		1,395		6.7	%
Office and administration		1,145		1,089		5.1	%
Total expenses	$	7,037	$	6,996		0.6	%

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the net present value of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received. For operating leases, the right-of-use asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the net present value of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received.

~~Expenses~~On ~~within~~May 1, 2019, the Company ~~are~~recorded ~~categorized~~a ~~into~~right-of-use ~~advertising~~asset ~~and~~in ~~promotion~~the amount of $9,575,000, ~~salaries~~which ~~and~~represents ~~employee~~the ~~benefits,~~lease ~~production~~liability ~~and~~of ~~distribution~~$10,340,000 ~~office~~adjusted ~~and~~for ~~administration.~~previously ~~Operating~~recorded ~~expenses~~unamortized lease incentives in the amount of $7765,~~037,~~000. ~~during~~The right-of-use asset will be amortized over the ~~three~~remaining ~~months~~lease ~~ended~~term ~~July~~in the amount equal to the difference between the calculated straight-line expense of the total lease payments less the monthly interest calculated on the remaining lease liability. As of October 31, 2024, ~~were~~the ~~slightly~~Company ~~above~~had ~~those~~a ~~during~~long-term ~~the~~lease ~~three~~asset ~~months~~of $3,571,000, solely related to our NYC headquarters, located at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, recorded in property and equipment in its consolidated balance sheets. The VLDC lease at 205 Chubb Ave., Lyndhurst, NJ ended ~~July~~on 31April 30, ~~2023~~2024.

~~Advertising and promotion~~19

~~During~~The Company recognizes lease expense, calculated as the ~~three~~remaining ~~months~~cost ~~ended~~of ~~July~~the ~~31,~~lease ~~2024,~~allocated ~~advertising~~over ~~and~~the ~~promotion~~remaining ~~expenses~~lease ofterm ~~$860,000~~on ~~increased~~a 11straight-line basis.4% Lease expense is presented as ~~compared~~part toof continuing operations in the ~~prior~~consolidated ~~fiscal~~condensed ~~year.~~statements ~~During~~of ~~the~~income. ~~three~~The ~~months~~Company ~~ended~~recognized ~~July~~$638,000 31and $750,000 in lease expenses in both fiscal years 2025 and 2024, ~~increases~~during ~~were~~the ~~primarily~~six ~~due~~months toended ~~increases~~October in31, ~~third-party~~2024 ~~telemarketing~~and &October ~~sales~~31, ~~consulting~~2023, respectively.

~~Salaries~~For ~~and~~the ~~employee~~six ~~benefits~~months ended October 31, 2024, the Company paid $708,000 in rent relating to the leases. As a payment arising from an operating lease, the $708,000 is classified within operating activities in the consolidated condensed statements of cash flows.

~~During~~The Company’s leases have not provided an implicit interest rate, and therefore the ~~three~~Company ~~months~~estimated ~~ended~~an ~~July~~incremental 31borrowing rate, ~~2024~~or IBR, ~~salaries~~as ~~and~~of ~~employee~~the ~~benefits~~commencement date, to determine the present value of ~~$3,543,000~~its ~~decreased~~operating 5lease liabilities.3% ~~below~~The IBR is defined under ASC 842 as the ~~prior~~rate ~~fiscal~~of ~~year,~~interest ~~primarily~~that ~~due~~the Company would have to ~~decreases~~pay into ~~salaries~~borrow ~~and~~on ~~employee~~a ~~benefits~~collateralized ~~resulting~~basis ~~from~~over ~~reduced~~a ~~employee~~similar ~~headcount~~term ~~during~~for ~~fiscal~~an ~~years~~amount ~~2024~~equal ~~and~~to ~~2025~~the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The following table reconciles the undiscounted future minimum lease payments to the total operating lease liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet as of October 31, 2024:

Fiscal years ended April 30,	($ in thousands)
2025*	$	721
2026		1,461
2027		1,493
2028		882
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments		4,557
Less: difference between undiscounted lease payments & the present value of future lease payments		361
Total operating lease liabilities	$	4,196

~~Production~~* ~~and~~Excludes ~~distribution~~the six months ended October 31, 2024

~~During~~The ~~the~~following ~~three~~table ~~months~~summarizes ~~ended~~the ~~July~~weighted-average ~~31,~~remaining ~~2024,~~lease ~~production~~terms and ~~distribution expenses of $1,489,000 increased 6.7% above prior fiscal year primarily due to increases in third~~weighted-~~party~~average ~~distribution~~discount ~~and~~rates ~~mailing~~for ~~expenses that resulted from outsourcing~~ our internal distribution operations during the latter part of fiscal year 2024 and additional costs in third-party fulfillment software expenses. This increase was partially offset by decreases in production expenses to support the Company’s website and maintenance of the Company’s publishing application software and operating ~~systems.~~leases:

Office and administration

	As of October 31, 2024
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)		3.08

Weighted-average discount rate		5.25	%

During the three months ended July 31, 2024, office and administrative expenses of $1,145,000 increased 5.1% above the prior fiscal year, due to an increases that resulted from a software upgrade project to replace outdated software and costs of outsourced product billing functions that were previously handled internally by employees.20

~~Concentration~~Note 13 - Restricted Cash and Deposits:

~~During~~Restricted Money Market Investment in the ~~three~~noncurrent ~~months~~assets ~~ended~~on ~~July~~the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet at October 31, 2024, ~~29.2%~~includes $305,000, which represents cash invested in a bank money market fund securing a letter of ~~total~~credit ~~publishing~~("LOC") ~~revenues~~in the amount of $6305,~~287,~~000 issued to the sublandlord as a security deposit for the Company's New York City leased corporate office facility. According to the sublease agreement the LOC and restricted cash were ~~derived~~reduced from a$469,000 ~~single~~to ~~customer~~$305,000 in the third quarter of fiscal year 2022.

~~Investment~~Note ~~gains~~14 /- ~~(losses)~~Concentration:

	Three Months Ended July 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		Change
Dividend income	$	147	$	145		1.4	%
Interest income		545		389		40.1	%
Investment gains / (losses) recognized on sale of equity securities during the period		-		11		-
Unrealized gains / (losses) recognized on equity securities held at the end of the period		950		210		352.4	%
Other		67		-		-
Total investment gains / (losses)	$	1,709	$	755		126.4	%

During the six months ended October 31, 2024, 29.7% of total publishing revenues of $17,725,000 were derived from a single customer.

~~During~~Note ~~the~~15 ~~three~~- ~~months~~Concentration ~~ended July 31, 2024, the Company’s total investment gains~~ of ~~$1,709,000~~Credit increased 126.4% above prior fiscal year, primarily derived from unrealized gains on equity securities and increases in the interest income. Proceeds from the sales of equity securities during the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023 were $90,000 and $516,000, respectively.Risk:

33Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits. Accounts at each institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. As of October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company had $739,000 and $2,237,000, respectively, in excess of the FDIC insured limit. Management has concluded the excess does not represent a material risk, based on the creditworthiness of the counter parties.

~~Effective~~The ~~income~~Company ~~tax~~maintains ~~rate~~a deposit account of $305,000 at Flagstar Bank as security for a letter of credit in a similar amount (See Note 13).

~~The~~Note ~~overall~~16 ~~effective income tax rates, as a percentage of pre~~-~~tax~~ ~~ordinary~~Business income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023 were 24.50% and 23.87%, respectively. The higher effective tax rate during three months ended July 31, 2024 as compared to July 31, 2023, is primarily a result of an increase in the state and local income taxes from 3.10% to 3.69% due to changes in state and local income tax allocations. The Company's annualized overall effective tax rate fluctuates due to a number of factors, in addition to changes in tax law, including but not limited to an increase or decrease in the ratio of items that do not have tax consequences to pre-tax income, the Company's geographic profit mix among tax jurisdictions, taxation method adopted by each locality, new interpretations of existing tax laws and rulings and settlements with tax authorities. Segments:

~~Lease~~The ~~Commitments~~Company allocates resources and assesses financial performance on a consolidated basis. It does so because significant costs are shared in common by all products, and as a result, it does not have discrete financial information available for separate business components to assess performance and make resource allocation decisions for more than one segment. Therefore, the investment periodicals and related publications (such as digital equivalents), along with supplying the embedded Proprietary information and intellectual property rights, are treated as one segment, Publishing. All required segment financial information can be found directly in the consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies for our reportable segment are the same as those described in Note 1. Value Line’s customers are almost entirely located within the United States. It receives approximately 2% of its revenues from external customers located outside of the United States.

OnAs ~~November~~described ~~30,~~in ~~2016,~~Note ~~Value~~1 ~~Line,~~- ~~Inc.~~Organization ~~received~~and ~~consent~~Summary ~~from the landlord at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY to the terms~~ of aSignificant ~~new~~Accounting ~~sublease agreement between Value Line~~Policies, ~~Inc. and ABM Industries, Incorporated commencing on December 1, 2016. Pursuant to~~ the ~~agreement~~Company ~~Value~~deconsolidated ~~Line~~its ~~leased~~investment ~~from~~management ~~ABM~~business ~~24,726~~in ~~square feet of office space located on the second and third floors at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY (“Building” or “Premises”) beginning on~~ December 1,2010 ~~2016~~ and ~~ending~~therefore onno ~~November~~longer ~~29,~~reports ~~2027. Base rent under~~ the ~~sublease~~investment ~~agreement~~management isoperation ~~$1,126,000~~as ~~per~~a ~~annum~~separate ~~during~~business ~~the first year with an annual increase in base rent of 2~~unit.~~25%~~ ~~scheduled~~Although ~~for~~VLI ~~each~~continues ~~subsequent year, payable in equal monthly installments on the first day of each month, subject~~ to ~~customary~~receive ~~concessions~~significant incash ~~the~~flows ~~Company’s~~from ~~favor~~these ~~and~~operations ~~pass-~~through ofits ~~certain~~non-controlling ~~increases~~investment in ~~utility~~EAM, ~~costs~~it ~~and~~no ~~real~~longer ~~estate~~considers ~~taxes~~this ~~over~~to ~~the~~be ~~base year. The Company provided~~ a ~~security~~reportable ~~deposit~~business ~~represented~~segment bybecause ait ~~letter~~does ofnot ~~credit~~satisfy inone ~~the amount~~ of ~~$469,000 in October 2016, which was reduced to $305,000 on October 3, 2021 and is to be fully refunded after~~ the ~~sublease ends. This Building became the Company’s new corporate office facility. The Company is~~ required tocharacteristics ~~pay~~of ~~for~~an ~~certain~~ operating ~~expenses~~segment ~~associated~~pursuant ~~with the Premises as well as utilities supplied~~ to ~~the~~ASC ~~Premises~~280-10-50-1. ~~The~~Specifically, ~~sublease terms provide for a significant decrease (23% initially) in the Company~~VLI’s ~~annual~~Chief ~~rental~~Executive ~~expenditure~~Officer ~~taking~~does ~~into~~not ~~account~~regularly ~~free~~review rent for the first six months of the sublease. Sublandlord provided Value Line a work allowance of $417,000 which accompanied with the six months free rent worth $563,000 was applied against the CompanyEAM’s ~~obligation~~operating results to ~~pay~~make ~~rent~~decisions atabout ~~our~~resources ~~NYC~~to ~~headquarters,~~be ~~delaying~~allocated ~~the~~to ~~actual rent payments until November 2017~~EAM.

On February 29, 2016, the Company’s subsidiary VLDC and Seagis Property Group LP (the “Landlord”) entered into a lease agreement, pursuant to which VLDC leased 24,110 square feet of warehouse and appurtenant office space located at 205 Chubb Ave., Lyndhurst, NJ (“Warehouse”) beginning on May 1, 2016 and ending on April 30, 2024 (“Lease”). Base rent under the Lease was $237,218 per annum. The Company provided a security deposit in cash in the amount of $32,146, which has been fully refunded. VLDC distributed Value Line’s print publications. The Company has outsourced to a U.S. facility the functions formerly performed at the Warehouse.21

~~Liquidity~~Item ~~and~~2. MANAGEMENT’S ~~Capital~~DISCUSSION ~~Resources~~AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

~~The~~Cautionary ~~Company~~Statement ~~had~~Regarding ~~working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities, of $50,381,000 as of July 31, 2024 and $48,770,000 as of April 30, 2024. These amounts include short~~Forward-~~term~~Looking unearned revenue of $15,991,000 and $15,764,000 reflected in total current liabilities at July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, respectively. Cash and short-term securities were $71,280,000 and $68,345,000 as of July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, respectively.Information

~~The~~In ~~Company’s~~this ~~cash~~report, ~~and~~“Value ~~cash equivalents include $15~~Line,~~248,000~~” ~~and $4~~“we,~~136,000~~” ~~at July 31~~“us,” ~~2024~~“our” ~~and~~refers ~~April~~to ~~30,~~Value ~~2024~~Line, ~~respectively,~~Inc. ~~invested primarily in commercial banks~~ and in“the ~~Money~~Company” ~~Market~~refers ~~Funds~~to atValue ~~brokers,~~Line ~~which~~and ~~operate~~its ~~under~~subsidiaries ~~Rule~~unless ~~2a-7 of~~ the ~~1940~~context ~~Act~~otherwise ~~and invest primarily in short-term U~~requires.~~S. government securities.~~

~~Cash~~This report contains statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions (including certain projections and business trends) accompanied by such phrases as “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “will”, “intend” and other similar or negative expressions, that are “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Actual results for Value Line, Inc. (“Value Line” or “the Company”) may differ materially from ~~operating~~those ~~activities~~projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the following:

~~The~~● maintaining revenue from subscriptions for the Company’s ~~had~~digital ~~cash~~and ~~inflows~~print ~~from~~published ~~operating~~products; ~~activities~~● changes in investment trends and economic conditions, including global financial issues; ● changes in Federal Reserve policies affecting interest rates and liquidity along with resulting effects on equity markets; ● stability of $4the banking system,~~771~~ including the success of U.S. government policies and actions in regard to banks with liquidity or capital issues,~~000~~ ~~during~~along with the ~~three~~associated ~~months~~impact ~~ended~~on ~~July~~equity 31markets; ● continuation of orderly markets for equities and corporate and governmental debt securities; ● problems protecting intellectual property rights in Company methods and trademarks; ● protecting confidential information including customer confidential or personal information that we may possess; ● dependence on non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests in EULAV Asset Management, ~~2024~~a Delaware statutory trust (“EAM” or “EAM Trust”), ~~compared~~which serves as the investment advisor to ~~cash~~the ~~inflows~~Value Line Funds and engages in related distribution, marketing and administrative services; ● fluctuations in EAM’s and third party copyright assets under management due to broadly based changes in the values of $5equity and debt securities,~~058~~ market sector variations,~~000~~ ~~during~~redemptions by investors and other factors; ● possible changes in the ~~three~~valuation ~~months~~of ~~ended~~EAM’s ~~July~~intangible 31assets from time to time; ● possible changes in future revenues or collection of receivables from significant customers; ● dependence on key executive and specialist personnel; ● risks associated with the outsourcing of certain functions, ~~2023~~technical facilities, and operations, including in some instances outside the U.S.; ~~The~~● ~~change~~competition in ~~cash~~the ~~inflows~~fields ~~was~~of apublishing, ~~result~~copyright and investment management, along with associated effects on the level and structure of anprices ~~increase~~and infees, ~~unrealized~~and ~~gains~~the mix of services delivered; ● the impact of government regulation on ~~equity~~the ~~securities~~Company’s and aEAM’s ~~decrease~~businesses; ● federal and/or state legislative changes that might affect Value Line’s business; ● the availability of free or low cost investment information through discount brokers or generally over the internet; ● the economic and other impacts of global political and military conflicts; ● continued availability of generally dependable energy supplies and transportation facilities in ~~accounts~~the ~~receivable~~geographic ~~from~~areas in which the company and certain suppliers operate; ● terrorist attacks, cyber attacks and natural disasters; ● the need for changes in our business plans because of unexpected events that occur; ● widespread illnesses which may drastically affect markets, employment, and other economic conditions, and may have additional unpredictable impacts on employees, suppliers, customers, ~~offset~~and operations; ● changes in prices and availability of materials and other inputs and services, such as freight and postage, required by athe ~~smaller~~Company; ~~decline~~● other risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the risks described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of ~~unearned~~the ~~revenue~~Company’s ~~from~~Annual Report on Form 10-K for the ~~same~~year ended April 30, 2024 and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ~~last~~ended ~~year~~October 31, 2024; and other risks and uncertainties arising from time to time.

3422

~~Cash~~These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from ~~investing~~those ~~activities~~expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors which may involve external factors over which we may have no control could also have material adverse effects on future results. Likewise, changes we make in our plans, objectives, strategies, or intentions, which may occur at any time in our discretion, could also have material favorable or adverse effects on our future results. Except as otherwise required to be disclosed in periodic reports required to be filed by public companies with the SEC pursuant to the SEC's rules, we have no duty to update these statements, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks and uncertainties, current plans, anticipated actions, and future financial conditions and results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking information contained herein.

~~The~~Executive ~~Company~~Summary ~~had cash inflows from investing activities~~ of ~~$9,473,000 during~~ the three months ended July 31, 2024, compared to cash outflows from investing activities of $267,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2023, respectively. The significant cash inflows in investing activities for the three months ended July 31, 2024 was a result of the company’s conscious decisions to invest the proceeds from maturities of fixed income short-term securities in the company’s short-term U.S. Government money market funds at higher yields than U.S Treasury Bills.Business

~~Cash~~The Company's core business is producing investment periodicals and their underlying research and making available certain Value Line copyrights, Value Line trademarks and Value Line Proprietary Ranks and other proprietary information, to third parties under written agreements for use in third-party managed and marketed investment products and for other purposes. Value Line markets under well-known brands including Value Line®, the Value Line logo®, The Value Line Investment Survey®, Smart Research, Smarter Investing™ and The Most Trusted Name in Investment Research®. The name "Value Line" as used to describe the Company, its products, and its subsidiaries, is a registered trademark of the Company. EULAV Asset Management Trust (“EAM”) was established to provide the investment management services to the Value Line Funds, institutional and individual accounts and provide distribution, marketing, and administrative services to the Value Line® Mutual Funds ("Value Line Funds"). The Company maintains a significant investment in EAM from ~~financing~~which ~~activities~~it receives payments in respect of its non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests.

~~During~~The Company’s target audiences within the ~~three~~investment ~~months~~research ~~ended~~field ~~July~~are 31individual investors, ~~2024~~colleges, ~~the~~libraries, ~~Company’s~~and ~~cash~~investment ~~outflows~~management ~~from~~professionals. ~~financing~~Individuals ~~activities~~come ~~were~~to ~~$3,006,000,~~Value ~~compared~~Line tofor ~~cash~~complete ~~outflows~~research ~~from~~in ~~financing~~one ~~activities~~package. Institutional licensees consist of $2corporations,~~830~~ financial professionals,~~000~~ ~~for~~colleges, ~~the~~and ~~three~~municipal ~~months~~libraries. Libraries ~~ended~~and ~~July~~universities ~~31,~~offer ~~2023.~~the ~~Quarterly~~Company’s ~~dividend~~detailed ~~payments~~research ofto ~~$0.30~~their ~~per~~patrons ~~share~~and ~~during~~students. Investment ~~fiscal~~management ~~year~~professionals ~~2025~~use ~~aggregated~~the ~~$2,827,000.~~research ~~Quarterly~~and ~~regular~~historical ~~dividend~~information ~~payments~~in oftheir $0day-to-day businesses.28 The ~~per~~Company ~~share~~has ~~during~~a ~~fiscal~~dedicated ~~year~~department ~~2024~~that ~~aggregated~~solicits ~~$2,642,000~~institutional subscriptions.

AtPayments ~~July~~received ~~31,~~for ~~2024~~new ~~there~~and ~~were~~renewal ~~9,418,074~~subscriptions ~~common~~and ~~shares~~the ~~outstanding~~value asof ~~compared~~receivables for amounts billed to ~~9,430,529~~retail ~~common~~and ~~shares~~institutional ~~outstanding~~customers atare ~~July~~recorded ~~31,~~as ~~2023~~unearned revenue until the order is fulfilled. As ~~The~~the orders are fulfilled, the Company ~~expects~~recognizes ~~financing~~revenue ~~activities~~in toequal ~~continue~~installments toover ~~include~~the ~~use~~life of ~~cash~~the ~~for~~particular ~~dividend~~subscription. ~~payments~~Accordingly, ~~for~~the subscription fees to be earned by fulfilling subscriptions after the ~~foreseeable~~date ~~future~~of a particular balance sheet are shown on that balance sheet as unearned revenue within current and long-term liabilities.

~~Debt~~The investment periodicals and ~~Liquid~~related ~~Assets~~publications (retail and institutional) and Value Line copyrights and Value Line Proprietary Ranks and other proprietary information consolidate into one segment called Publishing. The Publishing segment constitutes the Company’s only reportable business segment.

~~Management~~Asset believes that the Company’s cash and other liquid asset resources used in its business together with future cash flows from operations and from the Company’s non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests in EAM will be sufficient to finance current and forecasted liquidity needs for the next twelve months and beyond. Management ~~does not anticipate making any borrowings during the next twelve months. As of July 31, 2024, retained earnings~~ and ~~liquid~~Mutual ~~assets~~Fund ~~were~~Distribution $107,311,000 and $71,280,000, respectively. As of April 30, 2024, retained earnings and liquid assets were $104,249,000 and $68,345,000, respectively. There are no off-balance-sheet arrangements, so none affect the interpretations of reported assets, liquidity, and debt.Businesses

~~Seasonality~~Pursuant to the EAM Declaration of Trust, the Company maintains an interest in certain revenues of EAM and a portion of the residual profits of EAM but has no voting authority with respect to the election or removal of the trustees of EAM or control of its business.

Our publishing revenues are comprised of subscriptions which are generally annual subscriptions. Our cash flows from operating activities are minimally seasonal in nature, primarily due to the timing of customer payments made for orders and subscription renewals.23

~~Recent~~The ~~Accounting~~business ~~Pronouncements~~of EAM is managed by its trustees each owning 20% of the voting interest in EAM and by its officers subject to the direction of the trustees. The Company’s non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests in EAM entitle it to receive a range of 41% to 55% of EAM’s revenues (excluding distribution revenues) from EAM’s mutual fund and separate account business and 50% of the residual profits of EAM (subject to temporary increase in certain limited circumstances). The Voting Profits Interest Holders will receive the other 50% of residual profits of EAM. Distribution is not less than 90% of EAM’s profits payable each fiscal quarter under the provisions of the EAM Trust Agreement.

InBusiness November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07, “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires disclosures of significant expenses by segment and interim disclosure of items that were previously required on an annual basis. ASU 2023-07 is to be applied on a retrospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We are evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-07 on disclosures in our Consolidated Financial Statements.Environment

InThe ~~December~~U.S. ~~2023~~economy, ~~the~~after ~~FASB~~showing ~~issued~~signs ~~Accounting~~of ~~Standards~~slowing ~~Update~~down ~~2023-09,~~during ~~“Improvements~~the tofirst ~~Income~~three ~~Tax~~months ~~Disclosures”~~of ~~(“ASU~~calendar ~~2023-09”)~~2024, ~~which~~reaccelerated ~~provides~~in ~~for additional disclosures primarily related to~~ the ~~income~~second ~~tax rate reconciliations~~ and ~~income~~third ~~taxes paid~~quarters. ~~ASU~~The ~~2023-09~~nation’s ~~requires~~gross ~~entities~~domestic toproduct ~~annually~~expanded ~~disclose~~by ~~the~~an ~~income~~estimated ~~tax~~2.8% ~~rate~~in ~~reconciliation~~the ~~using~~September ~~both amounts and percentages~~period, ~~considering~~building ~~several~~on ~~categories~~the of3.0% ~~reconciling~~advance ~~items,~~recorded ~~including~~in ~~state~~the ~~and~~June ~~local income taxes, foreign tax effects, tax credits and nontaxable or nondeductible items, among others~~quarter. ~~Disclosure~~The ofgrowth ~~the~~was ~~reconciling~~fueled ~~items~~by ~~is subject to~~ a ~~quantitative~~hearty ~~threshold~~3.5% ~~and~~increase ~~disaggregation~~in bypersonal ~~nature~~consumption ~~and jurisdiction~~expenditures. ~~ASU~~The ~~2023-09~~consumer ~~also requires entities to disclose net income taxes paid or received to federal~~sector, ~~state~~which ~~and~~accounts ~~foreign~~for ~~jurisdictions,~~two-thirds asof ~~well~~the asnation’s ~~by individual jurisdiction~~output, ~~subject~~has toproven aresilient ~~five~~amid ~~percent~~higher ~~quantitative~~inflation ~~threshold. ASU 2023-09 may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis~~ and iselevated ~~effective~~lending ~~for~~rates ~~fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating~~ the ~~impact~~last offew ~~ASU 2023-09 on disclosures in our Consolidated Financial Statements~~years.

35The economic advance came as the Federal Reserve began to reverse course from its most restrictive monetary policy stretch in four decades in an effort to rein in inflation. The Fed looks close to achieving its goal, as the pace of both consumer and producer (wholesale) price growth eased further over the summer and, to a lesser extent, fall months and moved closer to the central bank’s target growth rate of 2%. This gave the lead bank the confidence to reduce the federal funds rate by three quarters of a percentage point, to a range of 4.50% to 4.75%, through the November Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting.

~~Critical~~The ~~Accounting~~central ~~Estimates~~bank also is keeping a watchful eye on the labor market, which is the other part of its dual mandate. Initial weekly unemployment claims were running at a level indicative of a tight labor market this fall, but other metrics suggest that overall conditions are softening a bit. Our sense is that the state of the job market going forward will play a big role in how much the Federal Reserve reduces the benchmark short-term interest rate in 2025. An interest-rate pause may also be in the cards during the early part of next year, if the economy continues to expand and ~~Policies~~the incoming Trump Administration’s pro-growth agenda—including tax cuts and regulation rollbacks—sparks a reacceleration in demand for goods and ultimately the pace of price growth.

~~The~~As ~~Company~~2024 ~~prepares~~drew ~~its~~to ~~Consolidated~~a ~~Financial~~close, ~~Statements~~the inFederal ~~accordance~~Reserve ~~with~~appeared ~~Generally~~close ~~Accepted~~to ~~Accounting~~achieving ~~Principles~~its asgoal inof ~~effect~~taming ininflation, ~~the~~which ~~United~~jumped ~~States~~to ~~(U.S.~~a ~~“GAAP”).~~40-year ~~The~~high ~~preparation~~in ofJune, ~~these~~2022, ~~financial~~without ~~statements~~leading ~~requires the Company~~ to ~~make~~a ~~estimates~~sharp ~~and~~deterioration ~~judgments~~in ~~that affect~~ the ~~reported~~U.S. ~~amounts~~labor ofmarket ~~assets,~~or ~~liabilities,~~pushing ~~revenues~~the ~~and~~economy ~~expenses~~into recession. ~~The~~Nationwide ~~Company~~output ~~bases~~is ~~its~~getting ~~estimates~~a onboost ~~historical~~from ~~experience~~a ~~and~~still-vibrant onconsumer ~~various~~sector, ~~other~~which ~~assumptions~~saw ~~that~~spending itjump ~~believes~~on toa beyear-over-year ~~reasonable~~basis ~~under~~during the ~~circumstances,~~early ~~the~~part ~~results~~ of ~~which form~~ the ~~basis~~holiday ~~for~~shopping ~~making~~season. ~~judgments~~The ~~about~~strength of the ~~carrying~~consumer ~~values~~sector ofhas ~~assets~~offset ~~and~~continued ~~liabilities~~contraction ~~that~~in ~~are~~manufacturing ~~not~~and ~~readily~~uneven ~~apparent,~~performances ~~and~~from the ~~Company~~housing ~~evaluates~~and ~~its~~homebuilding ~~estimates~~industries. onThis anhas ~~ongoing~~provided ~~basis.~~a ~~Actual~~supportive ~~results~~backdrop ~~may~~for ~~differ~~Corporate ~~from~~America ~~these~~and ~~estimates~~the ~~under~~U.S. ~~different~~stock ~~assumptions or conditions~~market.

~~The~~In ~~Company’s~~all, ~~critical~~the ~~accounting~~business ~~policy~~environment ~~relates~~held toup ~~the~~very ~~valuation~~well ofduring ~~EAM.~~calendar ~~There~~2024, ~~have~~with ~~been~~profit nogrowth ~~material~~for ~~changes~~S&P in500 ~~our~~companies ~~critical~~averaging ~~accounting~~around ~~policies~~6% ~~during~~in the ~~three~~third ~~months~~quarter ~~ended~~after ~~July~~rising ~~31,~~by ~~2024. For~~ a ~~complete~~low ~~discussion~~double-digit ofrate ~~our~~in ~~critical~~the ~~accounting~~June ~~policies,~~period. ~~refer~~This toearnings ~~“Critical~~growth ~~Accounting~~was ~~Policies~~likely ~~and~~needed ~~Estimates”~~to ~~discussed~~justify inthe ~~“Management~~Index’s ~~Discussion~~high ~~and~~price-to-earnings ~~Analysis~~multiple, ofwhich ~~Financial~~at ~~Condition~~the ~~and~~end ~~Results~~ of ~~Operations”~~November ~~included~~was inabove ~~the~~both ~~Company’s~~its ~~Annual~~five- ~~Report~~and ~~on Form~~ 10-~~K for fiscal~~ year ~~ended April 30, 2024~~averages.

~~Contractual Obligations~~24

WeResults ~~are a party to a lease contract which will result in cash payments to a lessor in future periods. Operating lease liabilities are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Estimated payments~~ of ~~these~~Operations ~~liabilities~~for ~~in each of~~ the ~~next~~Three ~~four fiscal years~~ and ~~thereafter~~Six ~~are~~Months ~~(in~~Ended ~~thousands):~~October $131,~~075~~ in2024 ~~2025; $1,461 in 2026; $1,493 in 2027~~ and ~~$882 in 2028 totaling $4,911.~~2023

36The following table illustrates the Company’s key components of revenues and expenses.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

	Three Months Ended October 31,								Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands, except earnings per share)	2024		2023			Change			2024		2023			Change
Income from operations	$	1,744	$	2,674			-34.8	%	$	3,591	$	5,421			-33.8	%
Non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests from EAM Trust		4,630		2,995			54.6	%		8,871		5,852			51.6	%
Income from operations plus non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests from EAM Trust	$	6,374	$	5,669			12.4	%	$	12,462	$	11,273			10.5	%
Operating expenses	$	7,097	$	6,936			2.3	%	$	14,134	$	13,932			1.4	%
Investment gains/(losses)	$	1,186	$	(1,079	)	209.9		%	$	2,895	$	(324	)	993.5		%
Income before income taxes	$	7,560	$	4,590			64.7	%	$	15,357	$	10,949			40.3	%
Net income	$	5,685	$	3,488			63.0	%	$	11,572	$	8,347			38.6	%
Earnings per share	$	0.60	$	0.37			63.2	%	$	1.23	$	0.89			38.8	%

~~Market~~During ~~Risk~~the ~~Disclosures~~six months ended October 31, 2024, the Company’s net income of $11,572,000, or $1.23 per share, was 38.6% above net income of $8,347,000, or $0.89 per share, for the six months ended October 31, 2023. During the six months ended October 31, 2024, the Company’s income from operations of $3,591,000 was 33.8% below income from operations of $5,421,000 during the six months ended October 31, 2023. For the six months ended October 31, 2024, operating expenses increased 1.4% above those during the six months ended October 31, 2023.

~~The~~During the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company’s ~~Consolidated~~net ~~Condensed~~income ~~Balance~~of ~~Sheet~~$5,685,000, ~~includes~~or a$0.60 ~~substantial~~per ~~amount~~share, was 63.0% above net income of ~~assets~~$3,488,000, ~~whose~~or ~~fair~~$0.37 ~~values~~per ~~are~~share, ~~subject~~for tothe ~~market~~three ~~risks~~months ended October 31, 2023. ~~The~~During the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company’s ~~market~~income ~~risks~~from ~~are~~operations ~~primarily~~of ~~associated~~$1,744,000 ~~with~~was ~~interest~~34.8% ~~rates~~below ~~and~~income ~~equity~~from ~~price~~operations ~~risk.~~of ~~The~~$2,674,000 ~~following~~during ~~sections~~the ~~address~~three months ended October 31, 2023. For the ~~significant~~three ~~market~~months ~~risks~~ended ~~associated~~October ~~with~~31, 2024, operating expenses increased 2.3% above those during the ~~Company’s~~three ~~investment~~months ~~activities~~ended October 31, 2023.

~~Interest Rate Risk~~25

~~The~~During ~~Company’s~~the ~~strategy~~six ~~has~~months ~~been~~ended toOctober ~~acquire~~31, ~~debt~~2024, ~~securities~~there ~~with~~were ~~low~~9,419,006 ~~credit~~average ~~risk.~~common ~~Despite~~shares ~~this~~outstanding ~~strategy~~as ~~management~~compared ~~recognizes~~to ~~and~~9,430,871 ~~accepts~~average ~~the~~common ~~possibility~~shares ~~that~~outstanding ~~losses~~during ~~may occur. To limit~~ the ~~price~~six ~~fluctuation~~months inended ~~these~~October ~~securities from interest rate changes~~31, ~~the Company’s management invests primarily in short-term obligations maturing within one year~~2023.

~~The~~Total ~~fair~~operating values of the Company’s fixed maturity investments will fluctuate in response to changes in market interest rates. Increases and decreases in prevailing interest rates generally translate into decreases and increases in fair values of those instruments. Additionally, fair values of interest rate sensitive instruments may be affected by prepayment options, relative values of alternative investments, and other general market conditions.revenues

Fixed income securities consist of bank certificates of deposits and securities issued by the United States federal government. As of July 31, 2024 the aggregate cost and fair value of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale were $34,042,000 and $33,928,000, respectively. As of April 30, 2024 the aggregate cost and fair value of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale were $47,931,000 and $47,611,000, respectively.

	Three Months Ended October 31,							Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		Change			2024		2023		Change
Investment periodicals and related publications:
Print	$	2,181	$	2,327		-6.3	%	$	4,414	$	4,709		-6.3	%
Digital		4,001		4,071		-1.7	%		8,055		8,146		-1.1	%
Total investment periodicals and related publications		6,182		6,398		-3.4	%		12,469		12,855		-3.0	%
Copyright fees		2,659		3,212		-17.2	%		5,256		6,498		-19.1	%
Total publishing revenues	$	8,841	$	9,610		-8.0	%	$	17,725	$	19,353		-8.4	%

~~The~~Within ~~following~~investment ~~table~~periodicals ~~summarizes the estimated effects of hypothetical increases~~ and ~~decreases~~related inpublications, ~~interest~~subscription ~~rates~~sales onorders ~~assets that~~ are ~~subject~~derived tofrom ~~interest~~print ~~rate risk. It is assumed that the changes occur immediately~~ and ~~uniformly~~digital ~~to each category of instrument containing interest rate risks~~products. The ~~hypothetical~~following ~~changes~~chart inillustrates ~~market~~the ~~interest rates do not reflect what could be deemed best or worst case scenarios. Variations in market interest rates could produce significant~~ changes in the ~~timing~~sales oforders ~~repayments~~associated ~~due~~with toprint ~~prepayment~~and ~~options~~digital ~~available~~subscriptions. ~~For these reasons, actual results might differ from those reflected in the table.~~

~~Fixed~~Sources ~~Income~~of ~~Securities~~subscription sales

	Estimated Fair Value after Hypothetical Change in Interest Rates (in thousands) (bp = basis points)
	Three Months Ended October 31,												Six Months Ended October 31,
				1 year			1 year			1 year			1 year
	2024						2023						2024						2023
	Fair			50 bp			50 bp			100 bp			100 bp
	Print			Digital			Print			Digital			Print			Digital			Print			Digital
	Value			decrease			decrease			decrease			decrease
New Sales		10.6	%		8.5	%		10.6	%		8.6	%		15.9	%		8.7	%		12.2	%		10.7	%
As of July 31, 2024
Renewal & Conversion Sales		89.4	%		91.5	%		89.4	%		91.4	%		84.1	%		91.3	%		87.8	%		89.3	%
Investments in securities with fixed maturities	$	33,928		$	33,317		$	33,999		$	32,983		$	34,347
Total Gross Sales		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%
As of April 30, 2024
Investments in securities with fixed maturities	$	47,611		$	46,554		$	46,935		$	46,363		$	47,126

~~Management~~During ~~regularly~~the ~~monitors~~six ~~the~~months ~~maturity~~ended ~~structure~~October 31, 2024, new sales of print publications increased as a percent of the ~~Company’s~~total ~~investments~~gross insales ~~debt~~as ~~securities~~a result of an increase in ~~order~~new tosales ~~maintain~~orders anwhile ~~acceptable~~conversion ~~price~~and ~~risk~~renewal ~~associated~~sales ~~with~~orders ~~changes~~decreased infrom ~~interest~~the ~~rates~~prior fiscal year.

As of

October 31,

As of

April 30,

As of

October 31,

Change

($ in thousands)

2024

2023

October-24 vs. Apr-24

October-24 vs. October-23

Unearned subscription revenue (current and long-term liabilities)

20,866

22,281

21,957

-6.4

-5.0

~~Equity~~Unearned ~~Price~~subscription ~~Risk~~revenue as of October 31, 2024, is 6.4% below April 30, 2024 and 5.0% below October 31, 2023. A certain amount of variation is to be expected due to the volume of new orders and timing of long-term renewal contracts, direct mail campaigns and large Institutional Sales orders.

The carrying values of investments subject to equity price risks are based on quoted market prices as of the balance sheet dates. Market prices are subject to fluctuation and, consequently, the amount realized in the subsequent sale of an investment may significantly differ from the reported market value. Fluctuation in the market price of a security may result from perceived changes in the underlying economic characteristics of the issuer, the relative price of alternative investments and general market conditions. Furthermore, amounts realized in the sale of a particular security may be affected by the relative quantity of the security being sold.26

~~The~~Investment ~~Company’s~~periodicals equity investment strategy has been to acquire equity securities across a diversity of industry groups. The portfolio consists of ETFs held for dividend yield that attempt to replicate the performance of certain equity indexes. In order to maintain liquidity in these securities, the Company’s policy has been to invest in and ~~hold~~related inpublications ~~its portfolio, no more than 5% of the approximate average daily trading volume in any one issue.~~revenues

AsInvestment ofperiodicals ~~July~~and ~~31,~~related ~~2024~~publications ~~and~~revenues ~~April~~of 30$12, ~~2024~~469,000 ~~the~~(excluding ~~aggregate~~copyright ~~cost~~fees) ofduring the ~~equity~~six ~~securities~~months ended October 31, ~~which~~2024 ~~consist~~were 3.0% below publications revenues of ~~investments~~$12,855,000 in the ~~SPDR~~prior ~~Series~~fiscal ~~Trust~~year. ~~S&P~~The ~~Dividend~~Company ~~ETF~~continued ~~(SDY),~~actions ~~First~~to ~~Trust~~attract ~~Value~~new ~~Line~~subscribers ~~Dividend~~through ~~Index~~various ~~ETF~~marketing ~~(FVD)~~channels, ~~ProShares~~primarily ~~Trust~~direct ~~S&P~~mail, ~~500~~e-mail, ~~Dividend~~and ~~Aristocrats~~by ~~ETF~~the ~~(NOBL),~~efforts ~~IShares~~of DJour ~~Select~~sales ~~Dividend~~personnel. ~~ETF~~As ~~(DVY),~~fewer ~~Vanguard~~individual ~~Growth~~investors ~~ETF~~manage ~~(VUG)~~their ~~and~~own ~~other~~portfolios, ~~Exchange~~particularly ~~Traded~~in ~~Funds~~volatile ~~was~~markets, atotal ~~combined~~product ~~total~~line ofcirculation ~~$16,093,000~~at ~~and~~October ~~$11~~31,~~663,000,~~ ~~respectively~~2024, ~~and~~was ~~the~~2.3% ~~fair~~below ~~value~~total ~~was~~product ~~$21,724,000~~line ~~and~~circulation ~~$16~~at October 31,~~344,000,~~ ~~respectively~~2023.

Equity Securities					Estimated Fair Value after		Hypothetical Percentage
				Hypothetical	Hypothetical		Increase (Decrease) in
($ in thousands)		Fair Value		Price Change	Change in Prices		Shareholders’ Equity
As of July 31, 2024	Equity Securities and ETFs held for dividend yield	$	21,724	30% increase	$	28,241		5.49	%
				30% decrease	$	15,207		(5.49	%)

Circulation also reflected management’s decision to reduce marketing efforts temporarily while the challenging stock market environment persisted during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024. Total print circulation at October 31, 2024 was 2.6% below the total print circulation at October 31, 2023. During the six months ended October 31, 2024, print publication revenues of $4,414,000 decreased 6.3%, below print publication revenues of $4,709,000 during the corresponding period of 2024 because we deferred advertising in light of negative sentiment among prospective individual customers in a challenging market environment. Total digital circulation at October 31, 2024 was 1.8% below total digital circulation at October 31, 2023. During the six months ended October 31, 2024, digital revenues of $8,055,000 were slightly lower when compared to the prior fiscal year. These figures reflect weak investor sentiment, likely temporary, and the ongoing shift from our print services to digital counterparts. Sales of our higher-price, higher-profit, publications have been stronger than sales of lower price “starter” products.

Equity Securities					Estimated Fair Value after		Hypothetical Percentage
				Hypothetical	Hypothetical		Increase (Decrease) in
($ in thousands)		Fair Value		Price Change	Change in Prices		Shareholders’ Equity
As of April 30, 2024	Equity Securities and ETFs held for dividend yield	$	16,344	30% increase	$	21,247		4.27	%
				30% decrease	$	11,441		(4.27	%)

Value Line serves primarily individual and professional investors in stocks, and other securities, who pay mostly on annual or multi-year subscription plans, for basic services or as much as $100,000 or more annually for comprehensive premium quality research, not obtainable elsewhere.

38The Value Line Proprietary Ranks (the “Ranking System”), a component of the Company’s flagship product, The Value Line Investment Survey, are also utilized in the Company’s copyright business. The Ranking System is made available to EAM for specific uses without charge. During the twelve month period ended October 31, 2024, the combined Ranking System “Rank 1 & 2” stocks’ increase of 35.2% compared to the Russell 2000 Index’s increase of 31.6% during the comparable period.

~~Item~~Copyright ~~4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES~~fees

~~(a)~~During ~~The~~the ~~Company~~six ~~maintains~~months ~~disclosure~~ended ~~controls~~October ~~and~~31, ~~procedures~~2024, ~~(as~~copyright ~~defined~~fees ~~in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act~~ of ~~1934~~$5,256,000 aswere ~~amended)~~19.1% ~~that~~below ~~are~~those ~~designed~~during tothe ~~ensure~~corresponding ~~that~~period ~~information required to be disclosed~~ in the ~~Company’s~~prior ~~reports~~fiscal ~~filed~~year. ~~with~~These ~~the~~fees ~~SEC~~depend ison ~~recorded, processed, summarized and reported within~~ the ~~time~~assets ~~periods~~under ~~specified~~management in ~~the~~financial ~~SEC’s~~products ~~rules~~with ~~and~~contractual ~~forms,~~arrangements ~~and that such information is accumulated and communicated~~ to use the ~~Company’s~~Ranks ~~management, including its Principal Executive Officer~~ and ~~Principal~~other ~~Financial~~Value ~~Officer,~~Line asproprietary ~~appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure~~information.

~~The~~Investment ~~Company’s~~ management ~~has~~fees ~~evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s Principal Executive Officer~~ and ~~Principal~~services ~~Financial~~– ~~Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures,~~ (~~as defined in Rules 13a-15(e~~unconsolidated) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

~~(b)~~ The ~~registrant’s~~Company ~~Principal~~has ~~Executive~~substantial ~~Officer~~non-voting revenues and ~~Principal~~non-voting ~~Financial~~profits ~~Officer~~interests ~~have~~in ~~determined~~EAM, ~~that~~the ~~there~~asset ~~have~~manager ~~been~~to nothe ~~changes~~Value inLine Mutual Funds. Accordingly, the ~~registrant’s~~Company ~~internal~~does ~~control~~not ~~over~~report ~~financial~~this ~~reporting~~operation ~~that~~as ~~occurred~~a ~~during~~separate ~~the~~business ~~registrant’s~~segment, ~~last~~although ~~fiscal~~it ~~quarter~~maintains ~~that~~a ~~have~~significant ~~materially~~interest ~~affected,~~in orthe ~~are~~cash ~~reasonably~~flows ~~likely~~generated toby ~~materially~~this ~~affect,~~business ~~the~~and ~~registrant’s~~will ~~internal~~receive ~~control~~ongoing ~~over~~payments ~~financial~~in ~~reporting~~respect of its non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests.

~~Part~~Total IIassets –in ~~OTHER~~the ~~INFORMATION~~Value Line Funds managed and/or distributed by EAM at October 31, 2024, were $4.78 billion, which is $1.47 billion, or 44.6%, above total assets of $3.31 billion in the Value Line Funds managed and/or distributed by EAM at October 31, 2023.

~~Item~~Value 1.Line ~~Legal~~Mutual ~~Proceedings~~Funds

None.

	As of October 31,
($ in millions)	2024		2023		Change
Equity and hybrid funds	$	4,748	$	3,273		45.1	%
Fixed income funds		36		36		0.0	%
Total EAM managed net assets	$	4,784	$	3,309		44.6	%

~~Item 1A. Risk Factors~~27

~~Part~~EAM I,Trust ~~Item~~- 2Results of ~~this~~operations ~~Quarterly~~before ~~Report~~distribution ~~on Form 10-Q for the period ended July 31, 2024, reflects any changes and updates (see page 22) in addition~~ to ~~the~~interest list of the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A - Risk Factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2024 filed with the SEC on July 26, 2024. Any new risk factors reflect management's continuing analysis of developments in the Company's business environment, rather than any specific event or particular issue.holders

39The gross fees and net income of EAM’s investment management operations during the six months ended October 31, 2024, before interest holder distributions, included total investment management fees earned from the Value Line Funds of $15,342,000, 12b-1 fees and other fees of $3,952,000 and other net gains of $316,000. For the same period, total investment management fee waivers were $87,000 and 12b-1 fee waivers were $46,000. During the six months ended October 31, 2024, EAM's net income was $2,290,000 after giving effect to Value Line’s non-voting revenues interest of $7,726,000, but before distributions to voting profits interest holders and to the Company in respect of its 50% non-voting profits interest.

~~Item~~The 2gross fees and net income of EAM’s investment management operations during the six months ended October 31, 2023, before interest holder distributions, included total investment management fees earned from the Value Line Funds of $11,068,000, 12b-1 fees and other fees of $3,179,000 and other net gains of $103,000. ~~Unregistered~~For ~~Sales~~the same period, total investment management fee waivers were $162,000 and 12b-1 fee waivers were $48,000. During the six months ended October 31, 2023, EAM's net income was $1,030,000 after giving effect to Value Line’s non-voting revenues interest of ~~Equity~~$5,337,000, ~~Securities~~but before distributions to voting profits interest holders and ~~Use~~to the Company in respect of ~~Proceeds~~its 50% non-voting profits interest.

~~(a)~~As ~~Purchases~~of October 31, 2024, one of ~~Equity~~the ~~Securities~~Value byLine Funds has 12b-1 fees waivers in place, and five funds have partial investment management fee waivers in place. Although, under the terms of the EAM Declaration of Trust, the Company does not receive or share in the revenues from 12b-1 distribution fees, the Company could benefit from the fee waivers to the extent that the resulting reduction of expense ratios and enhancement of the performance of the Value Line Funds attracts new assets.

The ~~following~~Value ~~table~~Line ~~provides~~equity ~~information~~and ~~with~~hybrid ~~respect~~funds’ toassets ~~all~~represent ~~repurchases~~99.3% ofand ~~common~~fixed ~~stock~~income ~~made~~fund byassets orrepresent on0.7%, ~~behalf~~respectively, of ~~the~~total ~~Company~~fund ~~during~~assets ~~the~~under ~~fiscal~~management ~~quarter~~(“AUM”) ~~ended~~as ~~July~~of October 31, 2024. ~~All~~At ~~purchases~~October ~~listed~~31, ~~below~~2024, ~~were~~equity ~~made~~and inhybrid AUM increased by 45.1% and fixed income AUM remained the ~~open~~same ~~market~~as last year at ~~prevailing~~October ~~market~~31, ~~prices~~2023.

~~ISSUER~~EAM ~~PURCHASES~~- OFThe ~~EQUITY~~Company’s ~~SECURITIES~~non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests

	(a) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased		(b) Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit)		(c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
May 1 - 31, 2024		1,644	$	40.15		1,644	$	1,144,000
June 1 - 30, 2024		2,000	$	40.00		2,000		1,065,000
July 1 - 31, 2024		765	$	41.83		765		1,033,000
Total		4,409	$	40.37		4,409	$	1,033,000

The Company holds non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests in EAM which entitle the Company to receive from EAM an amount ranging from 41% to 55% of EAM's investment management fee revenues from its mutual fund and separate accounts business, and 50% of EAM’s net profits, not less than 90% of which is distributed in cash every fiscal quarter.

~~All~~The ~~shares~~Company ~~were~~recorded ~~repurchased~~income ~~pursuant~~from toits ~~authorization~~non-voting ofrevenues ~~the~~interest ~~Board~~and ofits ~~Directors.~~non-voting profits interest in EAM as follows:

On October 21, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock up to an aggregate purchase price of $3,000,000. The repurchases may be made from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices, in negotiated transactions off the market, in block purchases or otherwise. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion and has no set expiration date. There is a remainder of $1,033,000 before the authorized limit is reached.

	Three Months Ended October 31,							Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		Change			2024		2023		Change
Non-voting revenues interest	$	4,046	$	2,721		48.7	%	$	7,726	$	5,337		44.8	%
Non-voting profits interest		584		274		113.1	%		1,145		515		122.3	%
	$	4,630	$	2,995		54.6	%	$	8,871	$	5,852		51.6	%

~~Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures~~28

~~Not~~Operating ~~applicable.~~expenses

Item 5. Other Information

	Three Months Ended October 31,							Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		Change			2024		2023		Change
Advertising and promotion	$	862	$	585		47.4	%	$	1,722	$	1,357		26.9	%
Salaries and employee benefits		3,575		3,697		-3.3	%		7,118		7,437		-4.3	%
Production and distribution		1,449		1,480		-2.1	%		2,938		2,875		2.2	%
Office and administration		1,211		1,174		3.2	%		2,356		2,263		4.1	%
Total expenses	$	7,097	$	6,936		2.3	%	$	14,134	$	13,932		1.4	%

~~Value~~Expenses ~~Line~~within ~~has~~the ~~never~~Company ~~adopted~~are acategorized ~~Rule~~into ~~10b5-1~~advertising ~~trading~~and ~~arrangement~~promotion, ~~(as~~salaries ~~that~~and ~~term~~employee isbenefits, ~~defined~~production inand ~~Item~~distribution, ~~408(a)(1)(i)~~office ofand ~~Regulation S-K)~~administration. ~~None~~Operating expenses of ~~our~~$14,134,000 ~~directors~~during orthe ~~executive~~six ~~officers~~months ~~adopted~~ended orOctober ~~terminated~~31, a2024, ~~Rule~~were ~~10b5-~~1.4% ~~trading~~above ~~arrangement~~those ~~or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K)~~ during ~~fiscal~~the ~~quarter~~six months ended ~~July~~October 31, ~~2024~~2023.

40Advertising and promotion

~~Item~~During 6six months ended October 31, 2024, advertising and promotion expenses of $1,722,000 increased 26.9% ~~Exhibits~~as compared to the prior fiscal year. During the six months ended October 31, 2024, increases were primarily due to increases in direct mail and third-party telemarketing & sales consulting.

~~31.1~~Salaries ~~Certificate~~and ofemployee ~~Principal Executive Officer Required Under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.~~benefits

~~31.2~~During ~~Certificate~~the ofsix ~~Principal~~months ~~Financial~~ended ~~Officer~~October ~~Required~~31, ~~Under~~2024, ~~Section~~salaries ~~302~~and employee benefits of $7,118,000 decreased 4.3% below the ~~Sarbanes-Oxley~~prior ~~Act~~fiscal ofyear, ~~2002~~primarily due to decreases in salaries and employee benefits resulting from reduced employee headcount during fiscal years 2024 and 2025.

~~32.1~~Production ~~Joint~~and ~~Principal Executive Officer/Principal Financial Officer Certificate Required Under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.~~distribution

~~101~~During the six months ended October 31, 2024, production and distribution expenses of $2,938,000 increased 2.~~INS~~2% ~~Inline~~above ~~XBRL~~prior ~~Instance~~fiscal ~~Document~~year primarily due to increases in third-party distribution and mailing expenses that resulted from outsourcing our internal distribution operations in early May 2024, while ending VLDC activity at April 30, 2024.

~~101.SCH~~Office ~~Inline~~and ~~XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document~~administration

~~101~~During the six months ended October 31, 2024, office and administrative expenses of $2,356,000 increased 4.~~CAL~~1% ~~Inline~~above ~~XBRL~~the ~~Taxonomy~~prior ~~Extension~~fiscal ~~Calculation~~year, ~~Linkbase~~due ~~Document~~to an increases that resulted from software upgrade and modernization project to replace outdated software, and the costs of product billing and other outsourced fulfillment functions outsourced, replacing an in-house group based at VLDC previously handled internally by employees.

~~101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document~~Concentration

~~101~~During the six months ended October 31, 2024, 29.~~LAB~~7% ~~Inline~~of ~~XBRL~~total ~~Taxonomy~~publishing ~~Extension~~revenues ~~Label~~of ~~Linkbase~~$17,725,000 ~~Document~~were derived from a single customer.

~~101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document~~29

~~104~~Investment ~~The~~gains ~~cover~~/ ~~page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in inline XBRL~~ (~~including Exhibit 101~~losses).

	Three Months Ended October 31,									Six Months Ended October 31,
($ in thousands)	2024			2023			Change			2024			2023			Change
Dividend income	$	181		$	133			36.1	%	$	328		$	278			18.0	%
Interest income		499			487			2.5	%		1,044			876			19.2	%
Investment gains/(losses) recognized on sale of equity securities during the period		(192	)		(14	)		-1,271.4	%		(125	)		(3	)		-4,066.7	%
Unrealized gains/(losses) recognized on equity securities held at the end of the period		698			(1,685	)		141.4	%		1,648			(1,475	)		211.7	%
Total investment gains/(losses)	$	1,186		$	(1,079	)		209.9	%	$	2,895		$	(324	)		993.5	%

~~VALUE~~During ~~LINE~~the six months ended October 31, ~~INC~~2024, the Company’s total investment gains of $2,895,000 increased 993.5% above prior fiscal year, primarily derived from unrealized gains on equity securities and increases in the interest income. Proceeds from the sales of equity securities during the six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023 were $3,075,000 and $999,000, respectively.

~~Signatures~~30

~~Pursuant~~Effective toincome ~~the~~tax ~~requirements~~rate ~~of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.~~

~~Value~~The ~~Line~~overall effective income tax rates, ~~Inc~~as a percentage of pre-tax ordinary income for the six months ended October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023 were 24.65% and 23.76%, respectively. The higher effective tax rate during six months ended October 31, 2024 as compared to October 31, 2023, is primarily a result of an increase in the state and local income taxes from 3.03% to 3.86% due to changes in state and local income tax allocations. The Company's annualized overall effective tax rate fluctuates due to a number of factors, in addition to changes in tax law, including but not limited to an increase or decrease in the ratio of items that do not have tax consequences to pre-tax income, the Company's geographic profit mix among tax jurisdictions, taxation method adopted by each locality, new interpretations of existing tax laws and rulings and settlements with tax authorities.

~~(Registrant)~~Lease Commitments

~~By:~~On ~~/s/~~November ~~Howard~~30, A2016, Value Line, Inc., ~~Brecher~~received ~~________________________________________~~consent ~~Howard~~from Athe landlord at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY to the terms of a new sublease agreement between Value Line, Inc. ~~Brecher~~and ~~Chief~~ABM ~~Executive~~Industries, ~~Officer~~Incorporated (~~Principal~~“ABM” ~~Executive~~or ~~Officer~~the “Sublandlord”) ~~By:~~commencing ~~/s/~~on ~~Stephen~~December R1, 2016. ~~Anastasio~~Pursuant ~~_______________________________________~~to ~~Stephen~~the R.agreement ~~Anastasio~~Value ~~Vice~~Line ~~President~~leased &from ~~Treasurer~~ABM 24,726 square feet of office space located on the second and third floors at 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY (~~Principal~~“Building” ~~Financial~~or ~~Officer~~“Premises”) beginning on December 1, 2016 and ending on November 29, 2027. Base rent under the sublease agreement is $1,126,000 per annum during the first year with an annual increase in base rent of 2.25% scheduled for each subsequent year, payable in equal monthly installments on the first day of each month, subject to customary concessions in the Company’s favor and pass-through of certain increases in utility costs and real estate taxes over the base year. The Company provided a security deposit represented by a letter of credit in the amount of $469,000 in October 2016, which was reduced to $305,000 on October 3, 2021 and is to be fully refunded after the sublease ends. This Building became the Company’s new corporate office facility. The Company is required to pay for certain operating expenses associated with the Premises as well as utilities supplied to the Premises. Sublandlord provided Value Line a work allowance of $417,000 which accompanied with the six months free rent worth $563,000 was applied against the Company’s obligation to pay rent at our NYC headquarters.

~~Date:~~From ~~September~~2016 ~~13,~~to 2024, the Company’s subsidiary VLDC and Seagis Property Group LP (the “Landlord”) entered into a lease agreement, pursuant to which VLDC leased 24,110 square feet of warehouse and appurtenant office space located at Lyndhurst, NJ (“Warehouse”). Base rent under the Lease was $237,218 per annum. The Company provided a security deposit in cash in the amount of $32,146, which has been fully refunded after the Company vacated the premises. VLDC distributed Value Line’s print publications from the Warehouse. The Company has outsourced to U.S. contractors the functions formerly performed at the Warehouse.

42Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company had working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities, of $52,961,000 as of October 31, 2024 and $48,770,000 as of April 30, 2024. These amounts include short-term unearned revenue of $15,856,000 and $15,764,000 reflected in total current liabilities at October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, respectively. Cash and short-term securities were $72,045,000 and $68,345,000 as of October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, respectively.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents include $10,985,000 and $4,136,000 at October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, respectively, invested primarily in commercial banks and in Money Market Funds at brokers, which operate under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act and invest primarily in short-term U.S. government securities.

Cash from operating activities

The Company had cash inflows from operating activities of $7,844,000 during the six months ended October 31, 2024, compared to cash inflows of $5,763,000 during the six months ended October 31, 2023. The change in cash inflows was a result of an increase in unrealized gains on equity securities and a decrease in accounts receivable from customers, offset by a smaller decline of unearned revenue from the same period last year.

Cash from investing activities

The Company had cash inflows from investing activities of $4,889,000 during the six months ended October 31, 2024, compared to cash outflows from investing activities of $3,808,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2023, respectively. The significant cash inflows in investing activities for the six months ended October 31, 2024 was a result of the company’s conscious decisions to invest the proceeds from maturities of fixed income short-term securities in the company’s short-term U.S. Government money market funds at higher yields than U.S Treasury Bills.

Cash from financing activities

During the six months ended October 31, 2024, the Company’s cash outflows from financing activities were $5,830,000, compared to cash outflows from financing activities of $5,621,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2023. Quarterly dividend payments of $0.30 per share during fiscal year 2025 aggregated $5,652,000. Quarterly regular dividend payments of $0.28 per share during fiscal year 2024 aggregated $5,283,000.

At October 31, 2024 there were 9,418,074 common shares outstanding as compared to 9,426,983 common shares outstanding at October 31, 2023. The Company expects financing activities to continue to include use of cash for dividend payments for the foreseeable future.

Debt and Liquid Assets

Management believes that the Company’s cash and other liquid asset resources used in its business together with future cash flows from operations and from the Company’s non-voting revenues and non-voting profits interests in EAM will be sufficient to finance current and forecasted liquidity needs for the next twelve months and beyond. Management does not anticipate making any borrowings during the next twelve months. As of October 31, 2024, retained earnings and liquid assets were $110,170,000 and $72,045,000, respectively. As of April 30, 2024, retained earnings and liquid assets were $104,249,000 and $68,345,000, respectively. There are no off-balance-sheet arrangements, so none affect the interpretations of reported assets, liquidity, and debt.

Seasonality

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-07, “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which requires disclosures of significant expenses by segment and interim disclosure of items that were previously required on an annual basis. ASU 2023-07 is to be applied on a retrospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We are evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-07 on disclosures in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies

The Company prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles as in effect in the United States (U.S. “GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent, and the Company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Company’s critical accounting policy relates to the valuation of EAM. There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies during the six months ended October 31, 2024. For a complete discussion of our critical accounting policies, refer to “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended April 30, 2024.

Contractual Obligations

We are a party to a lease contract which will result in cash payments to a lessor in future periods. Operating lease liabilities are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Estimated payments of these liabilities in each of the next four fiscal years and thereafter are (in thousands): $721 in 2025; $1,461 in 2026; $1,493 in 2027 and $882 in 2028 totaling $4,557.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Market Risk Disclosures

The Company’s Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet includes a substantial amount of assets whose fair values are subject to market risks. The Company’s market risks are primarily associated with interest rates and equity price risk. The following sections address the significant market risks associated with the Company’s investment activities.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s strategy has been to acquire debt securities with low credit risk. Despite this strategy management recognizes and accepts the possibility that losses may occur. To limit the price fluctuation in these securities from interest rate changes, the Company’s management invests primarily in short-term obligations maturing within one year.

The fair values of the Company’s fixed maturity investments will fluctuate in response to changes in market interest rates. Increases and decreases in prevailing interest rates generally translate into decreases and increases in fair values of those instruments. Additionally, fair values of interest rate sensitive instruments may be affected by prepayment options, relative values of alternative investments, and other general market conditions.

Fixed income securities consist of bank certificates of deposits and securities issued by the United States federal government. As of October 31, 2024 the aggregate cost and fair value of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale were $39,008,000 and $38,915,000, respectively. As of April 30, 2024 the aggregate cost and fair value of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale were $47,931,000 and $47,611,000, respectively.

The following table summarizes the estimated effects of hypothetical increases and decreases in interest rates on assets that are subject to interest rate risk. It is assumed that the changes occur immediately and uniformly to each category of instrument containing interest rate risks. The hypothetical changes in market interest rates do not reflect what could be deemed best or worst case scenarios. Variations in market interest rates could produce significant changes in the timing of repayments due to prepayment options available. For these reasons, actual results might differ from those reflected in the table.

Fixed Income Securities

			Estimated Fair Value after
			Hypothetical Change in Interest Rates
			(in thousands)
			(bp = basis points)

			1 year		1 year		1 year		1 year

	Fair		50 bp		50 bp		100 bp		100 bp
	Value		increase		decrease		increase		decrease

As of October 31, 2024
Investments in securities with fixed maturities	$	38,915	$	38,264	$	38,989	$	37,909	$	39,359

As of April 30, 2024
Investments in securities with fixed maturities	$	47,611	$	46,554	$	46,935	$	46,363	$	47,126

Management regularly monitors the maturity structure of the Company’s investments in debt securities in order to maintain an acceptable price risk associated with changes in interest rates.

Equity Price Risk

The Company’s equity investment strategy has been to acquire equity securities across a diversity of industry groups. The portfolio consists of ETFs held for dividend yield that attempt to replicate the performance of certain equity indexes. In order to maintain liquidity in these securities, the Company’s policy has been to invest in and hold in its portfolio, no more than 5% of the approximate average daily trading volume in any one issue.

As of October 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024, the aggregate cost of the equity securities, which consist of investments in the SPDR Series Trust S&P Dividend ETF (SDY), First Trust Value Line Dividend Index ETF (FVD), ProShares Trust S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats ETF (NOBL), IShares DJ Select Dividend ETF (DVY), and other Exchange Traded Funds was a combined total of $15,505,000 and $11,663,000, respectively, and the fair value was $21,837,000 and $16,344,000, respectively.

Equity Securities							Hypothetical Percentage
					Estimated Fair Value after		Increase (Decrease) in
($ in thousands)		Fair Value		Hypothetical Price Change	Hypothetical Change in Prices		Shareholders’ Equity
As of October 31, 2024	Equity Securities and ETFs held for dividend yield	$	21,837	30% increase	$	28,388		5.35	%
				30% decrease	$	15,286		(5.35	%)

Equity Securities							Hypothetical Percentage
					Estimated Fair Value after		Increase (Decrease) in
($ in thousands)		Fair Value		Hypothetical Price Change	Hypothetical Change in Prices		Shareholders’ Equity
As of April 30, 2024	Equity Securities and ETFs held for dividend yield	$	16,344	30% increase	$	21,247		4.27	%
				30% decrease	$	11,441		(4.27	%)

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

	a.	The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

		The Company’s management has evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

The registrant’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have determined that there have been no changes in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended October 31, 2024, reflects any changes and updates (see page 22) in addition to the list of the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A - Risk Factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2024 filed with the SEC on July 26, 2024. Any new risk factors reflect management's continuing analysis of developments in the Company's business environment, rather than any specific event or particular issue.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company

The following table provides information with respect to all repurchases of common stock made by or on behalf of the Company during the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2024. All purchases listed below were made in the open market at prevailing market prices.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
	(a) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased		(b) Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit)		(c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
August 1 - 31, 2024		-		-		-	$	1,033,000
September 1 - 30, 2024		-		-		-		1,033,000
October 1 - 31, 2024		-		-		-		1,033,000
Total		-		-		-	$	1,033,000

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Value Line has never adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as that term is defined in Item 408(a)(1)(i) of Regulation S-K). None of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K) during fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2024.

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1	Certificate of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2	Certificate of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1	Joint Principal Executive Officer/Principal Financial Officer Certificate Required Under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104	The cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in inline XBRL (including Exhibit 101).

VALUE LINE, INC.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Value Line, Inc. (Registrant)



	By:	/s/ Howard A. Brecher
		Howard A. Brecher
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)




	By:	/s/ Stephen R. Anastasio
		Stephen R. Anastasio
		Vice President & Treasurer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: December 13, 2024

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