UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
quarterly period ending		~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023
☐	TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to __________

Commission file number	000-53041
SOUTHWEST IOWA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Iowa	20-2735046
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
10868 189th Street, Council Bluffs, Iowa	51503
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number (712) 366-0392
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:	None.
Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
Series A Membership Units
(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes	☒	No	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes	☒	No	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Emerging growth company	☐
Smaller reporting company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Yes			☐
No			☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes	☐	No	☒

As of ~~January 26~~May 1, 2023, the Company had 8,975 Series A Membership Units outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item No.	Item Matter	PAGE NO.
PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	3
Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	16
Item 3.	QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISKS	25
Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	26
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	27
Item 1A.	RISK FACTORS	27
Item 2.	UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	27
Item 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	27
Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	27
Item 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	27
Item 6.	Exhibits	28
	SIGNATURES	29
	CERTIFICATIONS	SEE EXHIBITS 31 AND 32

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PART I – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Item 1. Financial Statements

SOUTHWEST IOWA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC

Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands)

ASSETS	~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023			September 30, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	~~3,171~~92		$	7,229
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts		19,~~769~~793			13,982
Derivative financial instruments		~~2,994~~204			6,071
Inventory		2537,~~517~~875			28,518
Prepaid expenses and other		~~1,147~~982			225
Total current assets		5258,~~598~~946			56,025
Property, Plant and Equipment
Land		2,064			2,064
Plant, building and equipment		~~264~~266,~~085~~434			261,235
Office and other equipment		2,006			1,975
		268,155			265,274
		270,504			265,274
Accumulated depreciation		(~~168~~171,~~000~~111	)		(164,969	)
Net property, plant and equipment		~~100~~99,~~155~~393			100,305
Other Assets
Right of use asset operating leases, net		2,~~968~~749			3,213
Other assets		~~831~~487			843
Total Assets	$	~~156~~161,~~552~~575		$	160,386

Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement

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SOUTHWEST IOWA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC

Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands)

LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY	~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023		September 30, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	282,~~281~~761	$	10,420
Accrued expenses		89,~~142~~813		5,980
Current maturities of notes payable		7,610		7,609
Checks in excess of bank balances		10,645		-
Current portion of operating lease liability		1,562		1,977
Current maturities of notes payable		3,861		7,609
Total current liabilities		45,595		25,986
Current portion of operating lease liability		1,083		1,977
Total current liabilities		28,163		25,986
Long Term Liabilities
Notes payable, less current maturities		835,~~092~~053		8,396
Other long-term liabilities		2,~~303~~196		3,836
Operating lease liability, less current portion		1,~~406~~665		1,236
Total long term liabilities		1138,~~801~~914		13,468
Members' Equity
Members' capital, 8,975 units issued and outstanding		64,106		64,106
Retained earnings		3530,~~050~~392		56,826
Total members' equity		9994,~~156~~498		120,932
Total Liabilities and Members' Equity	$	~~156~~161,~~552~~575	$	160,386

Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement

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SOUTHWEST IOWA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC

Statements of Operations

(Dollars in thousands except for net income per unit)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months			Three Months			Six Months			Six Months
	Ended			Ended			Ended			Ended
	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
	March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022			March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022
Revenues	$	9596,~~219~~298		$	~~101~~95,~~651~~944		$	191,517		$	197,602
Cost of Goods Sold		9297,~~466~~953			7280,~~880~~640			190,419			153,526
Gross Margin		2,753			28,771
Gross Margin (Loss)		(1,655	)		15,304			1,098			44,076
General and administrative expenses		12,~~975~~253			1,~~721~~729			4,228			3,443
Operating Income (Loss)		~~778~~(3,908	)		2713,~~050~~575			(3,130	)		40,633
Other (Income) Expense
Interest expense		~~325~~608			~~404~~373			933			778
Other (income) expense, net		~~(209~~142	)		(~~2,182~~460	)		(67	)		(2,635	)
Interest and other (income) expense, net		~~116~~750			(~~1,778~~87	)		866			(1,857	)
Net Income (Loss)	$	~~662~~(4,658	)	$	2813,~~828~~662		$	(3,996	)	$	42,490
Distribution per share	$	~~2,500~~—		$	—1,250		$	2,500		$	1,250
Weighted average units outstanding - basic and diluted		8,975			8,975			8,975			8,975
Net Income (Loss) per unit - basic and diluted	$	73(519.7610	)	$	31,~~212~~522.0323		$	(445.35	)	$	4,734.26

Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement

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SOUTHWEST IOWA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC
Statements of Members' Equity
(Dollars in thousands)

			Retained Earnings
	Members' Capital		(Deficit)			Total
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	64,106	$	10,282		$	74,388
Net Income (Loss)		—		28,828			28,828
Balance, December 31, 2021		64,106		39,110			103,216
Distributions				(11,218	)		(11,218	)
Net Income (Loss)		—		13,662			13,662
Balance, March 31, 2022		64,106		41,554			105,660
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	64,106	$	56,826		$	120,932
Distributions		—		(22,438	)		(22,438	)
Net Income (Loss)		—		662			662
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	64,106	$	35,050		$	99,156
Net Income (Loss)		—		(4,658	)		(4,658	)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	64,106	$	30,392		$	94,498

Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement

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SOUTHWEST IOWA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC

Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended
	Six Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
	March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Income (Loss)	$	~~662~~(3,996	)	$	2842,~~828~~490
Adjustments to reconcile to net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile to net (loss) to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		36,~~032~~142			25,~~837~~198
Amortization		1122			11(116	)
Gain on Debt Extinguishment		—			(2,177	)
Change in other assets, net		12356			1174
(Increase) decrease in current assets:
Accounts receivable		(5,~~787~~811	)		(23,~~364~~713	)
Inventory		3(9,~~001~~357	)		(812,~~578~~184	)
Prepaid expenses and other		(~~922~~757	)		(~~778~~511	)
Derivative financial instruments		35,~~077~~867			(12,~~096~~583)
Increase (decrease) in current liabilities:
Accounts payable		17(7,~~861~~659	)		10(4,~~798~~960	)
Accrued expenses		34,~~116~~684			21,~~070~~697
Increase (decrease) in other long-term liabilities		(1,~~533~~641	)		(8123	)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		22(12,~~530~~150	)		2923,~~554~~092
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property and equipment		(36,~~835~~081	)		(~~250~~1,160	)
Net cash (used in) investing activities		(36,~~835~~081	)		(~~250~~1,160	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Distributions paid to Members		(22,438	)		—(11,218	)
Proceeds from debt		10,063			53,945
Checks in excess of bank balance		10,645			—
Payments on debt		(10,378	)		(84,405	)
Proceeds from debt		78,914			146,345
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(22,753	)		(30,460	)
Payments on debt		(56,027	)		(158,439	)
Net Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(4,058	)		(1,156	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		11,094			(23,312	)
Net Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(7,137	)		(1,380	)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Beginning		7,229			1,945
Ending	$	~~3,171~~92		$	~~789~~565
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest	$	~~299~~729		$	~~484~~857
Purchases of property and equipment included in accrued expenses		39			—
Purchases of property and equipment included in expenses		103			—

Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of this statement

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SOUTHWEST IOWA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC

Notes to Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands)

Note 1: Nature of Business

Southwest Iowa Renewable Energy, LLC (the “Company”), located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, was formed in March 2005, and began producing ethanol in February 2009. The Company is permitted to produce up to 147 million gallons of ethanol per year. The Company sells its ethanol, distillers grains, corn condensed distillers solubles or "syrup", distillers corn oil and carbon dioxide in the continental United States, Mexico, and the Pacific Rim.

Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Other Information

The accompanying financial statements are for the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and ~~2021~~2022, and are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and operating results for the interim periods. These unaudited financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 ("Fiscal 2022") contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, we disclose the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the contracts with customers. The Company applies the five-step method to all contracts with customers.

The Company sells denatured ethanol pursuant to a marketing agreement. Revenues are recognized when the control has been transferred to the marketing company and the marketing company has taken title to the product, prices are fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

The Company’s products are generally shipped Free on Board ("FOB") shipping point, and recorded as a sale upon delivery of the applicable bill of lading and transfer of control. The Company’s denatured ethanol sales are handled through an ethanol purchase agreement (the “Ethanol Agreement”) with Bunge North America, Inc. (“Bunge”). The Company markets and distributes all of the syrup, distillers grains, ethanol not sold under the Ethanol Agreement, and distillers corn oil it produces directly to end users at market prices. Carbon dioxide is sold through a Carbon Dioxide Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “CO2 Agreement”) with Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Shipping and handling costs are booked as a direct offset to revenue for ethanol sales. Marketing fees, agency fees, and commissions due to the marketer are calculated separately from the settlement for the sale of the ethanol products and co-products and are included as a component of cost of goods sold. Shipping and handling costs for co-products are included in cost of goods sold.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at original invoice amounts less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a quarterly basis. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating customer receivables and considering the customer’s financial condition, credit history and current economic conditions. As of both ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and September 30, 2022, management had determined an allowance of $206 thousand was necessary. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible and recoveries of receivables written off are recorded when received.

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Investment in Commodities Contracts, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company’s operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in commodity prices. The Company is subject to significant market risk with respect to the price and availability of corn, the principal raw material used to produce ethanol and ethanol co-products. Exposure to commodity price risk results from its dependence on corn in the ethanol production process. Rising corn prices may result in lower profit margins and, therefore, represent unfavorable market conditions. This is especially true when market conditions do not allow the Company to pass along increased corn costs to customers. The availability and price of corn is subject to wide fluctuations due to unpredictable factors such as weather conditions, farmer planting decisions, governmental policies with respect to agriculture and international trade and global demand and supply.

To minimize the risk and the volatility of commodity prices, primarily related to corn and ethanol, the Company uses various derivative instruments, including forward corn, ethanol, and distillers grains purchase and sales contracts, over-the-counter and exchange-traded futures and option contracts.

Management has evaluated the Company’s contracts to determine whether the contracts are derivative instruments. Certain contracts that literally meet the definition of a derivative may be exempted from derivative accounting as normal purchases or normal sales. Normal purchases and normal sales are contracts that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. Gains and losses on contracts that are designated as normal purchases or normal sales contracts are not recognized until quantities are delivered or utilized in production.

The Company applies the normal sale exemption to forward contracts relating to ethanol, distillers grains, and distillers corn oil and therefore these forward contracts are not marked to market. As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, the Company had 06.138 million gallons of open contracts for denatured ethanol, 3 1.75 million gallons of open contracts for undenatured ethanol, 0.21 million tons of open contracts for wet and dried distillers grains and 34.82 million pounds of open contracts for distillers corn oil.

The Company elected the normal purchase normal sales treatment for corn purchase contracts beginning on October 1, 2022. Prior to that, corn purchase contracts were treated as derivative financial instruments which were recorded at fair value on the balance sheet. Changes in market value of forward corn contracts, which are marked to market each period, for contracts that were in place prior to October 1, 2022 but still in place at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 are included in costs of goods sold. As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, the Company was committed to purchasing 3.69 million bushels of corn on a forward contract basis resulting in a total commitment of $24.84 million. In addition, the Company was committed to purchase 3 1.6 million bushels of corn on basis contracts.

Additionally, we have entered into purchase agreements for approximately 3.5 million MMBTUs that ~~locks~~provides incoverage for a percentage of our natural gas ~~pricing~~during fiscal years 2023, 2024 and we2025. We have also entered into agreements for capital improvements to be completed in Fiscal 2023 for approximately $7 8.4 million that will increase production and help increase the efficiency of the plant.

The Company also enters into short-term cash, options and futures contracts as a means of managing exposure to changes in commodity prices. The Company enters into derivative contracts to hedge the exposure to volatile commodity price fluctuations. The Company maintains a risk management strategy that uses derivative instruments to minimize significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations caused by market volatility. The Company’s specific goal is to protect itself from large moves in commodity costs. All derivatives are designated as non-hedge derivatives and the contracts will be accounted for at fair value. Although the contracts will be effective economic hedges of specified risks, they are not designated as and accounted for as hedging instruments.

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Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments along with cash held by brokers at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and September 30, 2022 at market value are as follows:

	Balance Sheet Classification	~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023			September 30, 2022
		in 000's			in 000's
Futures and option contracts
In gain position		$	1,~~753~~358		$	4,778
In loss position			(~~914~~1,263	)		(2,223	)
Cash held by broker			~~1,370~~214			1,935
Forward contracts, corn:
In gain position			~~851~~61			1,921
In loss position			(66166	)		(340	)
Net futures, options, and forward contracts		$	~~2,994~~204		$	6,071

The net realized and unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s derivative contracts for the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022 consist of the following:

			~~Three Months Ended~~	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	~~Statement of~~	Statement of
	~~Operations~~	Operations
	~~Classification~~	Classification	~~December 31, 2022~~	March 31, 2023		~~December 31, 2021~~	March 31, 2022			March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
			~~in 000's~~	in 000's		~~in 000's~~	in 000's			in 000's		in 000's
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses related to:
Forward purchase contracts (corn)	Cost of Goods Sold		$	2,443		$	542
Forward purchase corn contracts (corn)		Cost of Goods Sold		$	495		$	1,244		$	2,938	$	2,757
Futures and option contracts (corn)	Cost of Goods Sold			248			(228	)
Futures and option corn contracts (corn)		Cost of Goods Sold			994			(3,381	)		1,242		(4,580	)
Futures and option contracts (ethanol)	Revenues			41			—

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. In the valuation of inventories and purchase commitments, net realizable value is defined as estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonable predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. For the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and ~~2021~~2022, the Company had no lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment.

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Income Per Unit

Basic income per unit is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average units outstanding for each period. Basic earnings and diluted per unit data were computed as follows (in thousands except per unit data):

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
	March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022		March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net Income (Loss) for basic earnings per unit	$	~~662~~(4,658	)	$	2813,~~828~~662	$	(3,996	)	$	42,490
Net Income (Loss) for diluted earnings per unit	$	~~662~~(4,658	)	$	2813,~~828~~662	$	(3,996	)	$	42,490
Denominator:
Weighted average units outstanding - basic and diluted		8,975			8,975		8,975			8,975
Income (Loss) per unit - basic and diluted	$	73(519.7610	)	$	31,~~212~~522.0323	$	(445.35	)	$	4,734.26

Note 3: Inventory

Inventory is comprised of the following:

	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022
	March 31, 2023		September 30, 2022
	in 000's		in 000's
Raw Materials - corn	$	916,~~973~~499	$	9,972
Supplies and Chemicals		76,~~313~~866		6,343
Work in Process		3,~~688~~595		3,251
Finished Goods		410,~~543~~915		8,952
Total	$	2537,~~517~~875	$	28,518

Note 4: Revolving Loan, Credit Agreements, and Government Assistance ~~and Subsequent Events~~

FCSA/CoBank

The Company is a party to a credit agreement (the "FSCA Credit Facility") with Farm Credit Services of America, FLCA (“FCSA”), Farm Credit Services of America, PCA and CoBank, ACB, as cash management provider and agent (“CoBank”) which provides the Company with a term loan in the amount of $18.75 million (the “Term Loan”), a revolving term loan in the amount of up to $40.0 million (the “Revolving Term Loan”) and a $10 million revolving line of credit (the "Revolving Credit Loan"). The FCSA Credit Facility is secured by a security interest on all of the Company’s assets. On March 28, 2023, the parties amended the Term Loan to reduce maximum principal amount available to $11.25 million.

The Term Loan, ~~provides~~as ~~for semi-annual payments by the Company to FCSA of $3.75 million beginning~~amended ~~September~~March 128, ~~2020 and a maturity date of November 15~~2023, ~~2024.~~provides ~~The~~for ~~Term~~a ~~Loan~~single ~~required the Company to make one~~ principal payment of $3.75 million ~~during~~due ~~2021, which payment was made on March 1, 2021,~~ and ~~thereafter,~~payable ~~requires the Company to make four equal semi-annual payments of $3.75 million~~ on ~~each~~ ~~March 1 and~~ September 1, ~~through September 1,~~ 2023. with ~~All~~all ~~remaining~~other outstanding amounts due ~~under~~upon the ~~Restated Term Note are due and payable on the~~ maturity date of which remains November 15, 2024. As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, there was an outstanding balance of $15 11.25 million on the Term Loan.

~~The~~On March ~~current~~28, ~~maturity~~2023, ~~date~~the ofparties amended the Revolving Credit Loan ~~is April~~to 1,extend ~~2023,~~the ~~which~~maturity ~~was extended~~ date from ~~February~~April 1, 2023 ~~by a letter agreement dated~~to ~~January~~April 301, ~~2023~~2024. The current maturity date of the Revolving Term loan is September 1, 2027. As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, there was $~~165 thousand~~27.2 million outstanding under the Revolving Term Loan, with $3912.8 million available under the Revolving Term Loan. There was no outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Loan.

Under the FCSA Credit Facility, the interest rates utilize the Daily Simple SOFR Rate with a Daily Simple SOFR Rate Spread of 3.2515% per annum for the Term Loan and the Revolving Term Loan. The interest rate utilized on the Revolving Credit Loan is Daily Simple SOFR Rate with a Daily Simple SOFR Rate spread of 3.00% per annum. The interest rate at ~~December~~ March 31, ~~2022~~ 2023 applicable to each of the loans under the FSCA Credit Facility was 7.5595%.

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Government Programs

On April 14, 2020, the Company received $1.1 million under the new Paycheck Protection Program legislation passed in response to the economic downturn triggered by COVID-19, and on January 28, 2021, the Company received an additional $1.1 million under Phase II of the PPP legislation (collectively the "PPP Loans"). Our PPP Loan may be forgiven based upon various factors, including, without limitation, our payroll cost over an eight-to-twenty-four week period starting upon our receipt of the funds. Expenses for approved payroll costs, lease payments on agreements before February 15, 2020, and utility payments under agreements before February 1, 2020 and certain other specified costs can be paid with these funds and eligible for payment forgiveness by the federal government. At least 60% of the proceeds must be used for approved payroll costs, and no more than 40% on non-payroll expenses. PPP loan proceeds used by a borrower for the approved expense categories have generally been fully forgiven by the lender if the borrower satisfies certain employee headcount and compensation requirements. The Company applied for forgiveness of its PPP Loans from the Small Business Administration ("SBA") and was notified on December 24, 2021, that the PPP Loans had been forgiven in full. The gain on the debt extinguishment was recorded in other income.

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Notes payable

Notes payable consists of the following:

	December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022
	March 31, 2023		September 30, 2022
	(000's)		(000's)
Term Loan bearing interest at SOFR plus 3.25% (7.55% at December 31, 2022)	$	15,000	$	15,000
Term Loan bearing interest at SOFR plus 3.15% (7.95% at March 31, 2023)	$	11,250	$	15,000
Revolving Term Loan bearing interest at SOFR plus 3.25% (7.55% at December 31, 2022)		165		442
Revolving Term Loan bearing interest at SOFR plus 3.15% (7.95% at March 31, 2023)		27,155		442
Other with an interest rate of 3.50% and a maturity through 2027		537		563
Other with interest rate of 3.50% with a maturity through 2027		509		563
		15,702		16,005
		38,914		16,005
Less Current Maturities		73,~~610~~861		7,609
Total Long Term Debt		835,~~092~~053		8,396

The Company had the following approximate aggregate maturities of notes payable for the twelve month period ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023

2023	$	7,610
2024	$	3,861
2024		7,614
2025		7,615
2025		118
2026		119
2026		122
2027		123
2027		238
2028		27,196
Total	$	1538,~~702~~914

Note 5: Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company used various methods including market, income and cost approaches. Based on these approaches, the Company often utilized certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and/or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable inputs. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Based on the observable inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

	Level 1 -	Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active markets from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

	Level 2 -	Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets. Valuations are obtained from third-party pricing services for identical or similar assets or liabilities.

	Level 3 -	Valuations incorporate certain assumptions and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, including the general classifications of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

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Derivative financial instruments. Commodity futures and exchange traded options are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs. For these contracts, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes and live trading levels from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) market. Ethanol contracts are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs from third-party pricing services. Forward purchase contracts are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these contracts, the Company obtains fair value measurements from local grain terminal values. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include live trading bids from local elevators and processing plants which are based on the CME market.

The following table summarizes financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and September 30, 2022, categorized by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy (in '000s):

	December 31, 2022
	March 31, 2023
	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	1,~~753~~358		$	~~851~~61		$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments		(~~914~~1,263	)		(66166	)		—

	*September 30, 2022*
	*Level 1*			*Level 2*			*Level 3*
Assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	4,778		$	1,921		$	—

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments		(2,223	)		(340	)		—

Note 6: Major Customer

The Company is party to the Ethanol Agreement with Bunge for the marketing, selling, and distributing of all the denatured ethanol produced by the Company through December 31, 2026. Revenues from Bunge were $60.2 million and $66120.92 million for the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and ~~2021~~$61.9 million and $136.1 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022, respectively. The revenue is for ethanol only. Under the Ethanol Agreement the Company will pay Bunge a flat monthly marketing fee. The term of the Ethanol Agreement expires on December 31, 2026. The Company paid Bunge ethanol marketing fees of $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~ 2022, respectively. The marketing fee is recorded in cost of goods sold.

Note 7: Lease Obligations

A lease exists when a contract conveys to a party the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company recognized a lease liability at the lease commencement date, as the present value of future lease payments, using an estimated rate of interest that the Company would pay to borrow equivalent funds on a collateralized basis. A lease asset is recognized based on the lease liability value and adjusted for any prepaid lease payments, initial direct costs, or lease incentive amounts. The lease term at the commencement date includes any renewal options or termination options when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise or not exercise those options, respectively.

The Company leases rail cars and rail moving equipment with original terms of up to 3 5 years for ~~hopper~~tanker cars and 4hopper ~~years for tanker~~ cars from ~~Trinity~~various ~~Leasing and Bunge~~lessors. During Fiscal 2022, a portion of the railcars were subleased to third parties. The sub-lease income was $0.1 million for Fiscal 2022. All of the subleased rail cars were returned during Fiscal 2022 and all of the hopper cars were returned to Bunge by November 1, 2022. The Company entered into new leases at the end of Fiscal 2022 for hoppers with two different third parties equating to a total of 35 hoppers with leases starting September 1, 2022 and running through August 2027. The average remaining life of the lease term for these leases was 24.14 years as of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023. The Company incurred $0.78 million and $1.0 5 million in lease expense during the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~the~~$0.8 million and $1.87 million during the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021 respectively~~2022.

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The discount rate used in determining the lease liability for each individual lease was the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate at the time of the lease inception. The right-of-use asset operating lease, included in other assets, and operating lease liability, included in current and long-term liabilities was $2,~~968~~748,000 as of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023.

The Company had the following approximate minimum rental commitments under non-cancellable operating leases for the twelve-month period ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023:

2023	$	1,596
2024	$	1,102
2024		566
2025		664
2025		537
2026		619
2026		413
2027		454
2027 and after		175
2028 and after		140
Total	$	32,~~287~~979
Undiscounted future payments	$	32,~~287~~979
Discount effect		(~~319~~231	)
	$	2,~~968~~748

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.

General

The following management discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our financial condition and results of operations for the first ~~three~~six months of our fiscal year ending September 30, 2023 ("Fiscal 2023"). This discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included herewith and notes to the financial statements and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022 ("Fiscal 2022"), including the financial statements, accompanying notes and the risk factors contained herein.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Southwest Iowa Renewable Energy, LLC (the "Company," "SIRE," "we," or "us") contains historical information, as well as forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks and relate to future events, our future financial performance, or our expected future operations and actions. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “future,” “intend,” “could,” “hope,” “predict,” “target,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are only our predictions based on current information and involve numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Our actual results or actions may differ materially from these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the reasons described in this report. While it is impossible to identify all such factors, factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimated by us include, without limitation:

• Changes in the availability and price of corn, and natural gas~~, and steam;~~

•

Negative impacts resulting from reductions in, or other modifications to, the renewable fuel volume requirements under the Renewable Fuel Standard;

•

Our inability to comply with our credit agreements required to continue our operations;

•

Negative impacts that our hedging activities may have on our operations;

• Decreases in the market prices of ethanol, and distillers grains;

•

Ethanol supply exceeding demand and corresponding ethanol price reductions;

•

Changes in the environmental regulations that apply to our plant operations;

•

Changes in plant production capacity or technical difficulties in operating the plant;

•

Changes in general economic conditions or the occurrence of certain events causing an economic impact in the agriculture, oil or automobile industries;

•

Changes in other federal or state laws and regulations relating to the production and use of ethanol;

•

Changes and advances in ethanol production technology;

•

Competition from larger producers as well as competition from alternative fuel additives;

•

Changes in interest rates and lending conditions of our loan covenants;

•

Volatile commodity and financial markets;

•

Decreases in export demand due to the imposition of duties and tariffs by foreign governments on ethanol and distiller grains produced in the United States;

	•	Disruptions, failures or security breaches relating to our information technology infrastructure;
	•	Adverse impacts to our operations, operating results and the availability, quality and price of raw materials due to adverse weather conditions, including as a result of climate change;

•

Trade actions by the Biden Administration, particularly those affecting the biofuels and agricultural sectors and related industries; and

• Disruption caused by health epidemics, ~~such as the COVID-19 pandemic,~~ and the adverse impact of such epidemics on global economic and business conditions.

These forward-looking statements are based on management’s estimates, projections and assumptions as of the date hereof and include various assumptions that underlie such statements. Any expectations based on these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and other important factors, including those discussed in the management discussion and analysis, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2022 under the section entitled “Risk Factors” and in our other prior Securities and Exchange Commission filings. These and many other factors could affect our future financial condition and operating results and could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations set forth in the forward-looking statements made in this document or elsewhere by the Company or on its behalf. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are included in the safe harbor protection provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").

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General Overview and Recent Developments

The Company is an Iowa limited liability company, located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, formed in March 2005. The Company is permitted to produce 147 million gallons of ethanol annually. We began producing ethanol in February 2009 and sell our ethanol, distillers grains, distillers corn oil, corn condensed distillers solubles ("syrup") and carbon dioxide, in the continental United States, Mexico, and the Pacific Rim.

On November 26, 2019, the Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") approved the Company's petition as an "Efficient Producer" to increase the D-6 RINs generated by our facility to 147 million gallons of ethanol produced annually, provided the non-grandfathered ethanol produced satisfies the 20% lifecycle GHG, or greenhouse gas impacts reduction requirements specified in the Clean Air Act for renewable fuel. The Company must comply with all registration provisions in order to register for the production of non-grandfathered ethanol, and the registration application must be accepted by the EPA before the facility is eligible to generate RIN's for non-grandfathered ethanol produced. The Company completed the registration process before the end of the second quarter in Fiscal 2022.

On December 6, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a distribution of $2,500 per unit to its members. The distribution was paid on December 23, 2022 to members of record on December 6, 2022. With 8,975 shares outstanding at the time of the distribution declaration, the total cash paid for the distribution was $22.4 million.

On April 21, 2023, the Company filed a preliminary proxy statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") which sets forth a proposal to reclassify the Company's existing single series of membership units into four separate and distinct series of units. The purpose of reclassification is to enable the Company to voluntarily terminate the registration of its membership units under the Exchange Act. The reclassification proposal, including any associated amendments to the Company's operating agreement, will be subject to approval by the members. We intend for members to vote on the reclassification proposal at a special meeting of the Company's members. The Company intends for the reclassification proposal to result in the Company having fewer than 300 unitholders in its existing unit series and fewer than 500 unitholders in each additional unit series, which would enable the Company to voluntarily terminate the registration of its units under the Exchange Act.

Members will receive a detailed description of the reclassification proposal in a definitive proxy statement delivered prior to the special meeting. The Company expects to hold the special meeting in July or August 2023. Additional information regarding the reclassification is available in the Form 8-K filed by the Company on April 28, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Market Factors Impacting Operations

For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022 the average price per gallon of denatured ethanol sold ~~decreased~~increased by 70.59%. However, ~~due~~corn toprices increased ~~stocks~~24.4% ~~and~~when comparing the ~~threat~~first six months of aFiscal ~~rail~~2023 to ~~strike~~the ~~being~~first ~~eliminated.~~six months ~~There~~of ~~have~~Fiscal ~~also~~2022 ~~been~~which ~~decreased~~is a continuation of high prices ~~for~~that ~~crude~~has ~~oil~~been experienced throughout the past year. Weather, world supply and ~~gasoline~~demand, current and anticipated stocks, agricultural policy and other factors can contribute to volatility in corn prices. Such changes have a material effect on our cost of goods sold with corn being one of our primary inputs. This is especially true, when the ~~first~~price ~~three months~~per gallon of ~~Fiscal~~ ~~2023 compared~~ethanol todoes not keep pace with the ~~first~~price ~~three months~~ of ~~Fiscal 2022 due~~corn. If these factors continue, margins will continue to ~~increased supply~~be ~~world-wide~~negative.

Corn prices increased 30.9% when comparing the first three months of Fiscal 2023 to the first three months of Fiscal 2022 which is a continuation of high prices that has been experienced throughout the past year. The price of corn is higher than the five year average price. Weather, world supply and demand, current and anticipated stocks, agricultural policy and other factors can contribute to volatility in corn prices. Such changes have a material effect on our cost of goods sold with corn being one of our primary inputs.

Management anticipates that ethanol prices will continue to change in relation to changes in corn and energy prices. During the first quarter of Fiscal 2023, we experienced the situation where the ethanol prices decreased and while the inputs also did slightly, it was not to the same level of decrease that ethanol prices experienced. If these factors continue, margins will be minimal on ethanol sales and potentially negative.

During Fiscal 2022, the Company faced significant challenges with respect to transportation and logistics. Like many companies, the lingering impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on coastal ports, the trucking industry and more recently, rail transportation, had a material effect on our ability to timely, economically, and consistently ship products both domestically and abroad. Management continues to explore various options to mitigate these challenges, but expects them to continue to be a factor through Fiscal 2023. Management does not know when these logistics challenges will dissipate.

The average market price per ton of distillers grains sold in the first ~~three~~six months of Fiscal 2023 increased by 3025% compared to the average price per ton of distillers grains sold for the same period in Fiscal 2022. This increase in the market price of distillers grains is primarily due to supply issues during the first quarter of Fiscal 2023. A number of ethanol production facilities, including us, encountered operational challenges due to extremely cold weather during December in the mid-west, which resulted in a reduced supply and resulting increase in price. An increase in supply as ethanol plants return to higher production levels as operating conditions improve could have a negative effect on distillers grains prices.

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Key Operating Measures

The following table provides comparative data relating to certain operating measures during the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022.

Description	Three Months Ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023		Three Months Ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022		Six Months Ended March 31, 2023		Six Months Ended March 31, 2022
Production (unden gal) (in millions)		29.240		32.310
Production (Den gal) (in millions)		34.990		33.400		64.230		65.800
Ethanol Yield (unden gal/bu)		23.~~920~~000		23.~~930~~000		2.960		2.960
Denatured Ethanol Price (per gal)	$	2.~~230~~070	$	21.~~160~~990	$	2.150	$	2.130
Corn Price (per bu)	$	67.~~900~~090	$	5.~~270~~970	$	6.990	$	5.620
Corn Oil Yield (lbs/bu)		10.~~072~~864		1.~~060~~120		0.968		1.080
BTU's/gallon		2220,~~286~~750		21,~~356~~723		21,516		21,540
Steam/Nat Gas cost per MMBTU	$	4.~~069~~276	$	34.~~610~~250	$	4.173	$	3.930
kWh/gallon	$	0.~~849~~677	$	0.~~660~~620		0.763		0.640
Chemical Cost ($/gal)	$	0.~~148~~175	$	0.~~090~~130	$	0.162	$	0.110

As the table above indicates, during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 our performance against the operating measures improved in some categories, but was met with challenges in other categories. The price per gallon of denatured ethanol ~~decreased~~increased 0.9% over the same period last year ~~due to the alleviation of concerns about potential rail strikes and the decreased demand for gasoline as drivers spent less time on the roads and due to operational challenges,~~ . We produced 92.53% less ethanol during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021.~~2022 We experienced ana ~~increase~~decrease in corn oil yield by 110.14% when comparing the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022 due to ~~changes~~issues inwith ~~the~~our ~~chemicals~~corn weoil ~~started~~extraction ~~using~~equipment during inthe ~~Fiscal~~second ~~2022~~quarter ~~and~~of ~~our ability to identify an efficient dosing process~~2023. Chemical costs per gallon were up 64 47% when comparing the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 with the same ~~three~~six month period in Fiscal 2022 due to the continued rising costs of chemicals that we utilize. In addition, while our natural gas cost increased 12.7% period over period, the average spot price for natural gas increased 16% when comparing the quarter ended December 31, 2022 to the quarter ended December 31, 2021.

Cost Per Gallon	YTD 2023		FY 2022		FY 2021		FY 2020
Variable		0.280		0.276		0.217		0.207
Fixed		0.151		0.146		0.107		0.129
G&A		0.065		0.059		0.044		0.043
Total		0.496		0.481		0.368		0.379

Cost Per Gallon	YTD 2023		FY 2022		FY 2021		FY 2020
Variable		0.279		0.276		0.217		0.207
Fixed		0.138		0.146		0.107		0.129
G&A		0.068		0.059		0.044		0.043
Total		0.484		0.482		0.368		0.379

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Regulatory Developments

Renewable Fuel Standard

The ethanol industry receives support through the Federal Renewable Fuels Standard (the "RFS") which has been, and continues to be, a driving factor in the growth of ethanol usage. The RFS requires that each year a certain amount of renewable fuels must be used in the United States. The RFS is a national program that allows refiners to use renewable fuel blends in those areas of the country where it is most cost-effective. The EPA is responsible for revising and implementing regulations to ensure that transportation fuel sold in the United States contains a minimum volume of renewable fuel. The RFS statutory volume requirement increases incrementally each year until the United States is statutorily required to use 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels by calendar year 2022. The EPA has the authority, however, to waive the RFS statutory volume requirements, in whole or in part, provided that there is either inadequate domestic renewable fuel supply or the implementation of the requirement would severely harm the economy or environment of a state, region or the United States.

Annually, the EPA is required by statute to pass a rule that establishes the number of gallons of different types of renewable fuels that must be used in the United States which is called the renewable volume obligation. For 2020, 2021, and 2022 the statutory volume requirements for renewable fuels were 30 billion gallons, 33 billion gallons, and 36 billion gallons, respectively. On June 3, 2022, the EPA released the final rules for the renewable volume obligations ("RVOs") for 2020, 2021 and 2022 and set the RVOs at 17.13 billion gallons for 2020, 18.84 billion gallons for 2021 and 20.63 billion gallons for 2022. An additional 250 million supplemental gallons were added to the RVOs for 2022 in order to address the court-ordered remand of previously lowered RVOs for 2014-2016.

On December 1, 2022, the EPA released a proposed rule to set the RVOs for 2023, 2024 and 2025 which set the annual volume requirement for renewable fuel at 20.82 billion gallons for 2023, 21.87 billion gallons for 2024 and 22.68 billion gallons for 2025 (the “Proposed Rule”). This is the first time that the EPA has set RVOs without using the volume requirements set out in the Energy Independent and Security Act of 2002 (the “EISA”) which provided statutory volume requirements through 2022. When setting the volume requirements beyond the statutory mandates within the EISA, the EPA has more discretion and takes into consideration various factors including, without limitation, costs, air quality, climate change, energy security and infrastructure issues. Under the Proposed Rule, the number of gallons which may be met by conventional renewable fuels such as corn-based ethanol is set at 15.0 billion gallons for 2023 and increases to 15.25 billion gallons in 2024 and 2025. The Proposed Rule also provides for an additional 250 million gallon supplemental volume requirement in 2023 to continue to address the court-ordered remand of previously lowered RVOs as a result of denied small refinery waivers. ~~The~~In ~~EPA~~accordance iswith ~~currently~~a ~~soliciting~~consent ~~comments~~decree onfrom the ~~Proposed~~U.S. ~~Rule~~District ~~and~~Court afor ~~public~~D.C., ~~hearing~~the onEPA ~~the~~has ~~Proposed~~agreed ~~Rule~~to ~~was held~~finalize onan ~~January~~RVO 10for 2023 (and possibly 2024 and 2025) by June 14, 2023. As of the date of this filing, a final rule has not yet been issued.

Federal regulations supporting the use of renewable fuels like the RFS are a significant driver of ethanol demand in the U.S. Under the RFS, the EPA assigns individual refiners, blenders, and importers the volume of renewable fuels they are obligated to use based on their percentage of total domestic transportation fuel sales. The mechanism that provides accountability in RFS compliance is the Renewable Identification Number ("RIN"). RINs are a tradeable commodity given that if refiners (obligated parties) need additional RINs to be compliant, they have to purchase them from those that have excess. Thus, there is an economic incentive to use renewable fuels like ethanol, or in the alternative, buy RINs. Obligated parties use RINs to show compliance with RFS-regulated volumes. RINs are attached to renewable fuels by ethanol producers and detached when the renewable fuel is blended with transportation fuel or traded in the open market. The market price of detached RINs affects the price of ethanol in certain markets and influences the purchasing decisions by obligated parties.

The Proposed Rule also sets out proposed regulations relating to the generation of RINS for renewable electricity used to fuel vehicles (“eRINS”). Under the Proposed Rule, car manufacturers would be able to register with the EPA and generate eRINs for power produced from qualifying renewable biomass, including biogas from methane digesters and anaerobic digestion facilities. The Proposed Rule specifies that qualifying renewable electricity must be generated from a feedstock that qualifies as renewable biomass under Section 211(o)(1)(I) of the Clean Air Act and that other forms of renewable electricity, such as solar, wind and hydropower, will not qualify for eRINs. Manufacturers could start earning eRINs in 2024. As noted above, the Proposed Rule is currently open for public comment and in the Proposed Rule, the EPA notes that it is open to comments on alternative approaches to eRINs, including allowing renewable electricity producers, public access charging stations, independent third parties, or a combination of entities to generate credits. We cannot predict at this time the impact, if any, that the generation of eRINs will have on the traditional RIN market.

Although renewable volume obligations establish the number of gallons of renewable fuel that must be blended into the nation’s fuel supply, these obligations do not take into account waivers granted by the EPA to small refiners for "hardship." The EPA can, in consultation with the Department of Energy, waive the obligation for individual smaller refineries that are suffering “disproportionate economic hardship” due to compliance with the RFS. To qualify for this “small refinery waiver,” the refineries must be under total throughput of 75,000 barrels per day and state their case for an exemption in an application to the EPA each year. On June 3, 2022, the EPA announced the denial of 69 petitions from small refineries seeking small refinery exemptions (SREs) from the RFS program and the current administration for one or more of the compliance years between 2016 and 2021. The current administration has reiterated its stance on denying SREs in the Proposed Rules. Having a final conclusion to this issue that has been ongoing for many years will help provide more stability within the RIN's market; however, there are multiple legal challenges to how the EPA has handled SREs and RFS rulemakings.

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Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

Among its other provisions, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”), which was signed into law on August 16, 2022, significantly expands clean energy incentives by providing an estimated $370 billion of new energy related tax credits over the next ten years. It also permits more flexibility for taxpayers to use the credits with direct-pay and transferable credit options.

More specifically, the IRA legislation (a) created a new Clean Fuel Production Credit, section 45Z of the Internal Revenue Code, which runs from 2025 to 2027 of up to $1.00 per gallon, which could apply to our fuel ethanol, depending on the level of GHG reduction for each gallon; (b) created a new tax credit for sustainable aviation fuel of $1.25 to $1.75 per gallon, depending on the GHG reduction for each gallon, that could possibly involve some of our low carbon ethanol through an alcohol to jet pathway, depending on the life cycle analysis model being used (this credit expires after 2024 and shifts to the Clean Fuel Production Credit, where it qualifies for up to $1.75 per gallon); (c) expanded the carbon capture and sequestration credit, ~~section45Q~~section 45Q, to $85 for each metric ton of carbon sequestered, which could impact potential carbon capture investments; (d) extended the biodiesel tax credit which could impact our distillers corn oil values, as this co-product serves as a low-carbon feedstock for renewable diesel and biomass based diesel production; (e) funded biofuel refueling infrastructure, which could impact the availability of higher level ethanol blended fuel; (f) increased funding for working lands conservation programs for farmers by$20 billion; and (g) provided credits for the production and purchase of electric vehicles, which could impact the amount of internal combustion engines built and sold longer term, and by extension impact the demand for liquid fuels including ethanol.

The IRA is a sweeping policy that could have many potential impacts on our business and the Company continues to evaluate the provisions of the IRA and its potential benefits.

State Initiatives

In 2006, Iowa passed legislation promoting the use of renewable fuels in Iowa. One of the most significant provisions of the Iowa renewable fuels legislation was a renewable fuels targeted set of tax credits encouraging an escalating percentage of the gasoline sold in Iowa to consist of, be blended with, or be replaced by, renewable fuels. To receive the tax credit, retailers of gasoline are required to reach escalating annual targets of the percentage of their gasoline sales that consist of, are blended with, or are replaced by, renewable fuels. This renewable fuel tax credit originally required 10% of the gasoline that retailers sold to fall within the renewable fuels definitions to receive the credit and has increased incrementally to 25% as of January 1, 2020. This tax credit automatically repealed itself on January 1, 2021 for tax years beginning on or after that date.

Industry Factors Affecting our Results of Operations

Ethanol prices ~~decreased~~increased 70.59% during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, as compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year. This ~~decrease~~increase was ~~coupled~~offset ~~with~~by a decrease of 5 6.491% in ethanol shipments during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, as compared to the prior year. The reduction in shipments was due to operational challenges we encountered in the month of December due to the unusually cold weather in the mid-west.

The latest outlook of supply and demand provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (the "USDA") estimate for United States 2021/22 corn production is 15.074 billion bushels. The yield projection is 176.7 bushels per acre. ~~Both~~Neither projections ~~were down slightly~~ changed from the previous report. The projection for the 2022/23 crop year is 13.9373 billion bushels and a ~~172~~173.3 yield projection. The USDA ~~did~~maintained ~~lower~~ its estimate for corn used for ethanol for the 2021/2022 crop year ~~slightly to~~ of 5.326 billion bushels. ~~Their previous estimate was 5.375~~ ~~billion bushels.~~ For the 2022/23 crop year, the estimated usage for ethanol is 5.275 billion bushels. ~~The USDA increased their corn price estimates for fiscal 2022 to $6.00 per bushel, up from the previous estimate of $5.95.~~ For the 2022/23 crop year, the USDA is anticipating the average corn price to be $6.7060, down slightly from $6.75 70 on the previous report. The USDA estimated in their ~~July~~April World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report that in 2021/22 there were 93.3 million acres of corn planted which is ~~down slightly~~unchanged from their previous ~~projection~~ ~~of 93~~report.~~4 million~~ ~~acres.~~ The USDA is estimating for 2022/23 there will be 88.6 million corn acres planted which is ~~down~~unchanged ~~slightly~~ from their previous report. Export projections have ~~increased~~also ~~slightly from~~remained ~~2.45 million~~unchanged ~~bushels~~at to 2.471 million bushels for the 2021/22 crop year and is ~~estimated~~down toslightly befrom 2.,075 million bushels to 1,850 million bushels for the 2022/23 crop year.

The US Energy Information Administration ("EIA") released its Short-Term Energy Outlook report in ~~January~~ April of 2023 and indicated that USU.S. ethanol production ~~increased~~ decreased during the months of ~~October~~January - ~~December~~ March compared to the previous quarter in 2022, ~~but~~ and projected a 2% decline in production during the first ~~three~~nine months of calendar year 2023. The decline in production is projected to last through September of calendar year 2023 and then start to pick up at the end of calendar year 2023, resulting in a calendar year 2023 comparable to calendar year 2022. The consumption of fuel ethanol by blending into motor gasoline is projected to ~~also decline~~ increase in the ~~first~~second ~~three~~ calendar ~~months~~quarter of 2023, ~~but~~and then ~~start~~decrease in tothe ~~increase~~third inand ~~spring~~fourth ofcalendar ~~2023~~quarters, ~~and~~but ~~maintain~~blending ~~the~~at ~~increase~~a ~~through~~higher ~~the~~rate ~~beginning~~in oftotal compared to calendar year ~~2024~~2022.

We currently believe that ~~our~~ margins will ~~continue~~improve toduring ~~be low through~~ the ~~second~~ third quarter of Fiscal 2023 as the weather warms up and driving demand increases. On April 28, 2023, the EPA announced that an emergency waiver would be given for the 2023 summer months, similar to the one issued in 2022. This will ~~start~~allow E15 to ~~rebound~~continue ~~slightly~~to asbe sold throughout the ~~weather~~U.S. ~~warms~~until upat least May 20, 2023. The emergency waiver can only be issued for 20 days at a time and ~~driving~~then ~~demand~~must ~~increases~~be reissued if the conditions are determined to still be present. It is expected that waivers will be issued to cover the summer driving season.

Our distiller grain margins have been impacted positively in the short term due to a supply shortage for dry distiller grains ("DDG") and wet distiller grains ("WDG"). We experienced a price increase of 3025% for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, as compared to the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022 on a 93% decrease in tons sold for those same periods.

On December 18, 2019, Congress extended the biodiesel tax credit through 2022 with retroactive application to January 1, 2018. ~~The extension of the tax credit has increased~~ ~~demand for distillers corn oil, which is a feedstock for renewable diesel, and could continue to have a positive impact on distillers corn oil prices for the remainder of Fiscal 2022.~~ The ~~Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the "~~IRA") provided for the further extension of the biodiesel tax credit until December 31, 2024 which could result in continued positive impact on the value of our distillers corn oil.

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Results of Operations

The following table shows our results of operations, stated as a percentage of revenue for the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and ~~2021~~2022.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022						Three Months Ended December 31, 2021
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023						Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Amounts			% of Revenues			Amounts			% of Revenues
	in 000's						in 000's
Income Statement Data
Revenues	$	9596,~~219~~298			100.0	%	$	~~101~~95,~~651~~944			100.0	%
Cost of Goods Sold
Material Costs		8082,~~301~~467			8485.36	%		5964,~~427~~477			5867.42	%
Variable Production Expense		89,~~147~~822			810.62	%		78,~~101~~985			79.04	%
Fixed Production Expense		45,~~018~~664			45.29	%		67,~~352~~178			67.35	%
Gross Margin		2,753			2.9	%		28,771			28.3	%
Gross Margin (loss)		(1,655	)		(1.72	)%		15,304			16.0	%
General and Administrative Expenses		12,~~975~~253			2.134	%		1,~~721~~729			1.78	%
Interest and other (income) expense, net		~~116~~750			0.178	%		(~~1,778~~87	)		(10.81	)%
Net Income (Loss)	$	~~662~~(4,658	)		0(4.784	)%	$	2813,~~828~~662			2814.32	%

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2023						Six Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Amounts			% of Revenues			Amounts			% of Revenues
	in 000's						in 000's
Income Statement Data
Revenues	$	191,517			100	%		197,602			100.0	%
Cost of Goods Sold
Material Costs		163,040			85.1	%		123,923			62.7	%
Variable Production Expense		17,696			9.2	%		16,087			8.1	%
Fixed Production Expense		9,683			5.1	%		13,516			6.8	%
Gross Margin (loss)		1,098			0.6	%		44,076			22.3	%
General and Administrative Expenses		4,228			2.2	%		3,443			1.7	%
Interest and other (income) expense, net		866			0.5	%		(1,857	)		(0.9	)%
Net Income (Loss)	$	(3,996	)		(2.1	)%	$	42,490			21.5	%

Revenues

Our revenue from operations is derived from three primary sources: sales of ethanol, distillers grains, and distillers corn oil. The chart below displays statistical information regarding our revenues. During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, the average price per gallon of ethanol ~~decreased~~increased by 70.59% as compared to the same period in Fiscal 2022, ~~coupled~~offset by a 56% decrease in gallons of ethanol sold, primarily due to the unusually cold weather we experienced in December which led to an unanticipated shut down of approximately five days. The net effect was ana 117.2% decrease in ethanol revenue for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023.

An increase in the average price per ton of distillers grains of approximately 3025% which was partially offset by a 93% decrease in volume sold ~~resulted~~ resulting in an increase of 1415.3% in revenue for this category in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 as compared to the same ~~three~~six month period in Fiscal 2022.

Distillers corn oil revenue ~~increased 6~~decreased 4.73% in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, compared to the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022 with an 1811.81% increase in price, offset by a lower volume of ~~11.6~~12%. Distillers corn oil prices increased principally as a result of increased biodiesel production. Our market for distillers corn oil is primarily local middlemen that compete for our available supply.

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	Three Months Ended December 31, 2022					Three Months Ended December 31, 2021
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023					Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Amounts in 000's		% of Revenues			Amounts in 000's		% of Revenues
Product Revenue Information
Denatured and Undenatured Ethanol	$	6968,~~515~~893		7371.06	%	$	7771,~~910~~202		7674.72	%
Distillers Grains		1719,~~021~~871		1720.96	%		1416,~~937~~502		1417.72	%
Corn Oil		86,~~284~~634		86.79	%		7,~~762~~652		78.60	%
Other		~~399~~900		0.49	%		~~1,042~~588		1.0.6	%

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2023					Six Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Amounts in 000's		% of Revenues			Amounts in 000's		% of Revenues
Product Revenue Information
Denatured and Undenatured Ethanol	$	138,408		72.3	%	$	149,119		75.5	%
Distillers Grains		36,892		19.3	%		32,000		16.2	%
Corn Oil		14,754		7.7	%		15,414		7.8	%
Other		1,463		0.8	%		1,069		0.5	%

Cost of Goods Sold

Our cost of goods sold as a percentage of our revenues was 9799.14% and 7177.7% for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and ~~2021~~2022, respectively. Our two primary costs of producing ethanol and distillers grains are corn and energy, with steam and natural gas as our primary energy sources. Cost of goods sold also includes net (gains) or losses from derivatives and hedging relating to corn. The average price of corn used in ethanol production per bushel increased ~~30.9~~25% in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022.

Realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to our derivatives and hedging related to corn resulted in a $24.69 2 million increase to our cost of goods sold for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, compared to ana ~~increase~~ decrease of $01.38 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022. We recognize the gains or losses that result from the changes in the value of our derivative instruments related to corn in cost of goods sold as the changes occur. As corn prices fluctuate, the value of our derivative instruments is impacted, which affects our financial performance. We anticipate continued volatility in our cost of goods sold due to the timing of the changes in value of the derivative instruments relative to the cost and use of the commodity being hedged.

Variable production expenses increased ~~14.7~~10% when comparing the six ~~three~~ months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, to the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022 due to an increase in the cost of ~~utilities~~processing and cleaning chemicals.

Fixed production expenses decreased 36 28.74% for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, compared to the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022, due to a decrease in our rail car maintenance expense year over year.

General and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits of administrative employees, professional fees and other general administrative costs. Our general and administrative expenses for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, increased 1422.8% compared to the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022,primarily due to increased ~~payroll expenses,~~ insurance expenses and legal and accounting fees associated with being registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and various tax credit work that we completed in association with the 2022 tax year.

Interest and Other (Income) Expense, Net

Our interest and other (income) expenses, net, were $ 0.17 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and $($1.89) million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2021~~2022. The difference was the receipt of the PPP loan forgiveness in December of 2021, where we recognized one-time income of $2.2 million during the three months ended December 31, 2021.

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Selected Financial Data

EBITDA is defined as net income plus interest expense net of interest income, plus depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is not required by or presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities or as a measure of our liquidity.

We present EBITDA because we consider it to be an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and it is considered by our management and Board of Directors as an important operating metric in their assessment of our performance.

We believe EBITDA allows us to better compare our current operating results with corresponding historical periods and with the operational performance of other companies in our industry because it does not give effect to potential differences caused by variations in capital structures (affecting relative interest expense, including the impact of write-offs of deferred financing costs when companies refinance their indebtedness), the amortization of intangibles (affecting relative amortization expense), and other items that are unrelated to underlying operating performance. We also present EBITDA because we believe it is frequently used by securities analysts and investors as a measure of performance. There are a number of material limitations to the use of EBITDA as an analytical tool, including the following:

•

EBITDA does not reflect our interest expense or the cash requirements to pay our principal and interest. Because we have borrowed money to finance our operations, interest expense is a necessary element of our costs and our ability to generate profits and cash flows. Therefore, any measure that excludes interest expense may have limitations.

•

Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash expenses in the period recorded, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA does not reflect the cash requirements for such replacement. Because we use capital assets, depreciation and amortization expense is a necessary element of our costs and ability to generate profits. Therefore, any measure that excludes depreciation and amortization expense may have limitations.

We compensate for these limitations by relying heavily on our GAAP financial measures and by using EBITDA as supplemental information. We believe that consideration of EBITDA, together with a careful review of our GAAP financial measures, is the most informed method of analyzing our operations. Because EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with GAAP and is susceptible to varying calculations, EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. The following table provides a reconciliation of EBITDA to net income (in thousands except per unit data):

Three Months Ended

Six Months Ended

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

March 31, 2023

March 31, 2022

March 31, 2023

March 31, 2022

EBITDA

Net Income (Loss)

~~662~~(4,658

)

2813,~~828~~662

(3,996

)

42,490

Interest Expense

~~325~~608

~~405~~373

933

778

Depreciation

3,~~032~~110

2,~~836~~362

6,142

5,198

EBITDA

~~4,019~~(940

)

3216,~~069~~397

3,079

48,466

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company has certain loan agreements with Farm Credit Services of America, FLCA, ("FLCA"), Farm Credit Services of America, PCA ("PCA") and CoBank, ACB ("CoBank") (collectively, the "FCSA Credit Facility"), which provide the Company with a term loan in the amount of $1811.7525 million (the "Term Loan"), a revolving term loan in the amount of $40 million (the "Revolving Term Loan") and a $10 million revolving line of credit (the "Revolving Credit Loan"). The FCSA Credit Facility is secured by a security interest on all of the Company's assets. On March 28, 2023, the parties amended the Term Loan to reduce maximum principal amount available to $11.25 million.

The Term Loan ~~provides for semi-annual payments by the Company to FCSA of $3.75 million~~, onas amended March ~~1 and September 1~~28, ~~beginning September 1~~2023, ~~2020. The Term Loan was amended in February~~ ~~2021~~provides tofor ~~only require~~ a single principal payment of $3.75 ~~during~~million ~~2021.~~due ~~All~~and ~~remaining~~payable ~~amounts~~on ~~due~~September ~~under~~1, ~~the Term~~2023 ~~Note~~with ~~are~~all ~~due~~other ~~and~~outstanding ~~payable~~amounts ondue upon the maturity date ofwhich remains November 15, 2024. As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, there was an outstanding balance of $1511.25 million on the Term Loan.

As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, there was an outstanding balance of $027.1 million on the Revolving Term Loan. Any outstanding amounts due under the Revolving Term Loan are due and payable on the maturity date of November 1, 2027.

As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, there was no outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Loan. ~~Any~~On ~~outstanding~~March ~~amounts~~28, ~~due~~2023, ~~under~~the parties amended the Revolving ~~Term~~Credit Loan ~~are~~to ~~due~~extend ~~payable on~~ the maturity date offrom April 1, 2023. ~~This~~to ~~date~~April ~~was~~1, ~~extended~~2024 ~~from~~therefore, ~~February~~any 1,outstanding ~~2023~~amounts indue anunder ~~agreement~~the ~~dated~~Revolving ~~January~~Term 30Loan are due payable on the current maturity date of April 1, ~~2023~~2024.

Under the FCSA Credit Facility, the interest rates utilize the Daily Simple SOFR Rate with a Daily Simple SOFR Rate Spread of 3.2515% per annum for the Term Loan and the Revolving Term Loan. The interest rate atutilized ~~December~~on the Revolving Credit Loan is Daily Simple SOFR Rate with a Daily Simple SOFR Rate spread of 3.00% per annum. The interest rate at March 31, ~~2022~~2023 applicable to each of the loans under the FSCA Credit Facility was 7.5595%.

Primary Working Capital Needs

During the ~~second~~third quarter of Fiscal 2023, we estimate that we will require cash of approximately $68 million for our primary input of corn and $4 million for our energy sources of electricity, steam, and natural gas. Capital expenditure requirements for the ~~second~~third quarter are expected to be $2 8.4 million.

Although there is uncertainty related to political decisions and the impacts on our economy, management believes that the Company has sufficient cash available to fund operations for the next twelve months generated by cash from our continuing operations and available cash under our Revolving Term Loan. We cannot estimate the availability of funds for hedging in the future.

Commodity Price Risk

Our operations are highly dependent on commodity prices, especially prices for corn, ethanol and distillers grains and the spread between them (the "crush margin"). As a result of price volatility for these commodities, our operating results may fluctuate substantially. The price and availability of corn are subject to significant fluctuations depending upon a number of factors that affect commodity prices in general, including crop conditions, weather, governmental programs and foreign purchases. We may experience increasing costs for corn and natural gas and decreasing prices for ethanol and distillers grains which could significantly impact our operating results. Because the market price of ethanol is not directly related to corn prices, ethanol producers are generally not able to compensate for increases in the cost of corn through adjustments in prices for ethanol. We continue to monitor corn and ethanol prices and manage the "crush margin" to affect our longer-term profitability.

We enter into various derivative contracts with the primary objective of managing our exposure to adverse price movements in the commodities used for, and produced in, our business operations and, to the extent we have working capital available and available market conditions are appropriate, we engage in hedging transactions which involve risks that could harm our business. We measure and review our net commodity positions on a daily basis. Our daily net agricultural commodity position consists of inventory, forward purchase and sale contracts, over-the-counter and exchange traded derivative instruments. The effectiveness of our hedging strategies is dependent upon the cost of commodities and our ability to sell sufficient products to use all of the commodities for which we have futures contracts. Although we actively manage our risk and adjust hedging strategies as appropriate, there is no assurance that our hedging activities will successfully reduce the risk caused by market volatility which may leave us vulnerable to high commodity prices. Alternatively, we may choose not to engage in hedging transactions in the future. As a result, our future results of operations and financial conditions may also be adversely affected during periods in which price changes in corn, ethanol and distillers grain do not work in our favor.

In addition, as described above, hedging transactions expose us to the risk of counterparty non-performance where the counterparty to the hedging contract defaults on its contract or, in the case of over-the-counter or exchange-traded contracts, where there is a change in the expected differential between the price of the commodity underlying the hedging agreement and the actual prices paid or received by us for the physical commodity bought or sold. We have, from time to time, experienced instances of counterparty non-performance but losses incurred in these situations were not significant.

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Although we believe our hedge positions accomplish an economic hedge against our future purchases and sales, management has chosen not to use hedge accounting, which would match any gain or loss on our hedge positions to the specific commodity purchase being hedged. We are using fair value accounting for our hedge positions, which means as the current market price of our hedge positions changes, the realized or unrealized gains and losses are immediately recognized in the current period (commonly referred to as the “mark to market” method). The immediate recognition of hedging gains and losses under fair value accounting can cause net income to be volatile from quarter to quarter due to the timing of the change in the value of the derivative instruments relative to the cost and use of the commodity being hedged. As corn prices move in reaction to market trends and information, our income statement will be affected depending on the impact such market movements have on the value of our derivative instruments. Depending on market movements, crop prospects and weather, our hedging strategies may cause immediate adverse effects, but are expected to produce long-term positive impact.

In the event we do not have sufficient working capital to enter into hedging strategies to manage our commodities price risk, we may be forced to purchase our corn and market our ethanol at spot prices and as a result, we could be further exposed to market volatility and risk. However, during the past year, the spot market has been advantageous.

Credit and Counterparty Risks

Through our normal business activities, we are subject to significant credit and counterparty risks that arise through normal commercial sales and purchases, including forward commitments to buy and sell, and through various other over-the-counter (OTC) derivative instruments that we utilize to manage risks inherent in our business activities. We define credit and counterparty risk as a potential financial loss due to the failure of a counterparty to honor its obligations. The exposure is measured based upon several factors, including unpaid accounts receivable from counterparties and unrealized gains (losses) from OTC derivative instruments (including forward purchase and sale contracts). We actively monitor credit and counterparty risk through credit analysis (by our marketing agent).

Impact of Hedging Transactions on Liquidity

Our operations and cash flows are highly impacted by commodity prices, including prices for corn, ethanol, distillers grains and natural gas. We attempt to reduce the market risk associated with fluctuations in commodity prices through the use of derivative instruments, including forward corn contracts and over-the-counter exchange-traded futures and option contracts. Our liquidity position may be positively or negatively affected by changes in the underlying value of our derivative instruments. When the value of our open derivative positions decrease, we may be required to post margin deposits with our brokers to cover a portion of the decrease or we may require significant liquidity with little advanced notice to meet margin calls. Conversely, when the value of our open derivative positions increase, our brokers may be required to deliver margin deposits to us for a portion of the increase. We continuously monitor and manage our derivative instruments portfolio and our exposure to margin calls and while we believe we will continue to maintain adequate liquidity to cover such margin calls from operating results and borrowings, we cannot estimate the actual availability of funds from operations or borrowings for hedging transactions in the future.

The effects, positive or negative, on liquidity resulting from our hedging activities tend to be mitigated by offsetting changes in cash prices in our business. For example, in a period of rising corn prices, gains resulting from long grain derivative positions would generally be offset by higher cash prices paid to farmers and other suppliers in local corn markets. These offsetting changes do not always occur, however, in the same amounts or in the same period.

We expect that a $1.00 per bushel fluctuation in market prices for corn would impact our cost of goods sold by approximately $45 million, or $0.34 per gallon, assuming our plant operates at 100% of our capacity. We expect the annual impact to our results of operations due to a $0.50 decrease in ethanol prices will result in approximately a $65 million decrease in revenue.

Critical Accounting Estimates

For a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates material to an understanding of our business and financial results, members should carefully review the discussion of such estimates in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022, in Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," under "Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates." At this time, there have been no material changes to the estimates disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022, nor have the material facts underlying those estimates changed in any manner.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

SIRE's management, under the supervision and with the participation of SIRE's president and chief executive officer and SIRE's chief financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that are designed to insure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of SIRE's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

Based on that evaluation, SIRE's president and chief executive officer and SIRE's chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, SIRE's disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports SIRE files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including SIRE's principal executive and principal financial officers or persons performing such functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. SIRE believes that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

No Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No change in SIRE's internal control over financial reporting occurred during the period covered by this quarterly report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, SIRE's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time the Company is involved in various litigation matters arising in the ordinary course of its business. None of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, currently is material to the Company except as reported in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022, and there were no material developments to such matters.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Members should carefully consider the discussion of risks and the other information in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022, in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” along with the discussion of risks and other information in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” under “Cautionary Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” of this report. Although we have attempted to discuss key factors, our members need to be aware that other risks may prove to be important in the future. New risks may emerge at any time, and we cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our financial performance.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None

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Item 6. Exhibits

10.1	Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 28, 2023 by and among Southwest Iowa Renewable Energy, LLC, Farm Credit Services of America, FLCA, Farm Credit Services of America, PCA and CoBank, ACB as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated as of September 21, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 on Form 8-K filed by the Company on March 29, 2023)
10.2	Fourth Amended and Restated Term Note dated March 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 on Form 8-K filed by the Company on March 29, 2023)
10.3	Fourth Amended and Restated Revolving Term Note dated March 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 on Form 8-K filed by the Company on March 29, 2023)
10.4	Fifth Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Note dated March 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 on Form 8-K filed by the Company on March 29, 2023)
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) executed by the Principal Financial Officer.
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) executed by the Principal Financial Officer.
32.1***	Rule 15d-14(b) Certifications (pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) executed by the Principal Executive Officer.
32.2***	Rule 15d-14(b) Certifications (pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) executed by the Principal Financial Officer.
101.XML*	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.BSD*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Database
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL Document and include in Exhibit 101)
***	This certification is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.
*	Furnished, not filed.

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SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		SOUTHWEST IOWA RENEWABLE ENERGY, LLC
Date:	~~February~~May 10, 2023	/s/ Michael D. Jerke
		Michael D. Jerke, President and Chief Executive Officer
Date:	~~February~~May 10, 2023	/s/ Ann M. Reis
		Ann M. Reis, Chief Financial Officer

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