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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
			For the quarterly period ended September 10, 2022
			For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
			OR
☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
			For the transition period from _________________to _________________

Commission File Number 001-33987

HERITAGE-CRYSTAL CLEAN, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						26-0351454
State or other jurisdiction of						(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation						Identification No.)

2000 Center Drive

Suite East C300

Hoffman Estates, IL 60192

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 836-5670

Former Address:

2175 Point Boulevard. Suite 375

Elgin, IL 60123

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class

Trading Symbol

Name of Exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

HCCI

NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” "smaller

reporting company," and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer o		Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company ☐
		Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No x

On ~~October~~May 188, ~~2022~~2023, there were outstanding 24,~~177~~349,~~299~~955 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.

Table of Contents

PART I
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS			4
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS			3029
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK			3837
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES			3837
PART II
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS			3936
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS			39
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS			38
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS			40
SIGNATURES			39
SIGNATURES			41

PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In Thousands, Except Share and Par Value Amounts)

September 10,2022

January 1,2022

March 31,2023

December 31,2022

(unaudited)

ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

2535,~~714~~338

5622,~~269~~053

Accounts receivable - net

~~118~~113,~~716~~069

62114,~~513~~408

Inventory - net

4247,~~470~~294

2940,~~536~~727

Assets held for sale

~~1,125~~—

1,125

Other current assets

1510,~~033~~840

612,~~773~~989

Total current assets

~~203~~206,~~058~~541

~~156~~191,~~216~~302

Property, plant and equipment - net

~~233~~225,~~039~~581

~~166~~222,~~301~~942

Right of use assets

~~117~~124,~~430~~857

83123,~~865~~742

Equipment at customers - net

26,~~010~~827

2426,~~146~~465

Software and intangible assets - net

4399,~~352~~747

45102,~~949~~335

Goodwill

~~133~~112,~~126~~236

49112,~~695~~236

Investments at fair value

3,000

—

Other assets

15,219

Other assets

—

692

Total assets

811,008

794,241

Total assets

759,015

526,864

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

5654,~~753~~535

3655,~~179~~087

Current portion of lease liabilities

2628,~~709~~298

2027,~~146~~277

Contract liabilities - net

23,~~637~~213

2,~~094~~525

Accrued salaries, wages, and benefits

119,~~926~~104

812,~~980~~443

Taxes payable

177,~~320~~200

86,~~474~~037

Other current liabilities

1310,~~154~~755

912,~~476~~382

Revolving credit facility

99,324

—

Current portion of long term debt

5,000

—

Total current liabilities

~~227~~118,~~823~~105

85115,~~349~~751

Lease liabilities, net of current portion

93101,~~952~~571

65100,~~041~~738

Other long term liabilities

~~828~~642

~~473~~986

Contingent consideration

—

2,819

Long-term debt, net of current portion

84,431

89,383

Deferred income taxes

3460,~~467~~298

3157,~~126~~155

Total liabilities

~~357~~365,~~070~~047

~~184~~364,~~808~~013

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:

Common stock - 26,000,000 shares authorized at $0.01 par value, 23,595,968 and 23,473,931 shares issued and outstanding at September 10, 2022 and January 1, 2022, respectively

236

235

Common stock - 26,000,000 shares authorized at $0.01 par value, 23,664,515 and 23,593,163 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively

237

236

Additional paid-in capital

207,~~704~~673

~~204~~208,~~920~~533

Retained earnings

~~194~~238,~~253~~415

~~137~~221,~~067~~826

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

(~~248~~364)

(~~166~~367)

Total stockholders' equity

~~401~~445,~~945~~961

~~342~~430,~~056~~228

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

~~759~~811,~~015~~008

~~526~~794,~~864~~241

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(In Thousands, Except per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Third Quarter Ended,

First Three Quarters Ended,

First Quarter Ended,

September 10, 2022

September 11, 2021

September 10, 2022

September 11, 2021

March 31, 2023 (90 days)

March 26, 2022(84 days)

Revenues

Service revenues

90119,~~084~~452

5968,~~737~~916

~~234,575~~

~~177,469~~

Product revenues

7566,~~676~~340

5764,~~713~~473

~~214,948~~

~~151,529~~

Rental income

67,~~459~~691

5,~~725~~977

~~18,710~~

~~16,836~~

Total revenues

~~172~~193,~~219~~483

~~123~~139,~~175~~366

~~468,233~~

~~345,834~~

Operating expenses

Operating costs

~~114~~140,~~147~~062

79101,~~486~~783

~~320,684~~

~~234,584~~

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

17,~~086~~700

13,~~294~~735

~~45,846~~

~~38,522~~

Depreciation and amortization

812,~~262~~168

56,~~767~~507

~~21,546~~

~~15,168~~

Other (income) expense - net

(329)

(230)

462

(669)

Other (income) - net

(469)

(210)

Operating income

3324,~~053~~022

2417,~~858~~551

~~79,695~~

~~58,229~~

Interest expense – net

~~885~~1,814

~~206~~223

~~1,358~~

~~707~~

Income before income taxes

3222,~~168~~208

2417,~~652~~328

~~78,337~~

~~57,522~~

Provision for income taxes

85,~~967~~619

64,~~144~~450

~~21,151~~

~~14,697~~

Net income

2316,~~201~~589

1812,~~508~~878

~~57,186~~

~~42,825~~

Net income per share: basic

0.9870

0.7955

~~2.43~~

~~1.83~~

Net income per share: diluted

0.9870

0.7954

~~2.42~~

~~1.82~~

Number of weighted average shares outstanding: basic

23,~~592~~649

23,~~431~~476

~~23,519~~

~~23,403~~

Number of weighted average shares outstanding: diluted

23,~~674~~863

23,~~570~~636

~~23,651~~

~~23,548~~

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

		Third Quarter Ended,				First Three Quarters Ended,
		First Quarter Ended,
		September 10,2022		September 11,2021		September 10,2022		September 11,2021
		March 31, 2023 (90 days)		March 26, 2022(84 days)
Net income		$	2316,~~201~~589	$	1812,~~508~~878	$	~~57,186~~	$	~~42,825~~
	Other comprehensive loss:
	Other comprehensive income:
	Currency translation adjustments	~~(7)~~3		~~(143)~~46		~~(82)~~		~~(143)~~
	Total other comprehensive loss:	$	(7)	$	(143)	$	(82)	$	(143)
	Total other comprehensive income:	$	3	$	46
Comprehensive income		$	2316,~~194~~592	$	1812,~~365~~924	$	~~57,104~~	$	~~42,682~~

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(In Thousands, Except Share Amounts)

For the ~~Third~~First Quarter Ended, ~~September 10~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~September 11~~March 26, ~~2021~~2022

(Unaudited)

Third Quarter Ended,
First Quarter Ended,
September 10, 2022
March 31, 2023
	Shares	ParValueCommon		Additional Paid–inCapital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Equity
Balance, June 18, 2022	23,494,045	$	235	$	206,296	$	171,052	$	(241)	$	377,342
Balance, December 31, 2022	23,593,163	$	236	$	208,533	$	221,826	$	(367)	$	430,228
Net income	—	—		—		2316,~~201~~589		—		2316,~~201~~589
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		~~(7)~~3		~~(7)~~3
Distribution	—	—		—		—				—
Issuance of common stock – ESPP	4,775	—		148		—		—		148
Issuance of common stock – ESPP	101,923	1		145		—		—		146
Share-based compensation	66,577	1		1,127		—		—		1,128
Share-based compensation	—	—		1,263		—		—		1,263
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations	—	—		(2,135)		—		—		(2,135)
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations	—	—		—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2023	23,664,515	$	237	$	207,673	$	238,415	$	(364)	$	445,961
Balance at September 10, 2022	23,595,968	$	236	$	207,704	$	194,253	$	(248)	$	401,945
First Quarter Ended,
Third Quarter Ended,
March 26, 2022
September 11, 2021
	Shares	ParValueCommon		Additional Paid–inCapital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Equity
Balance, June 19, 2021	23,410,606	$	234	$	203,356	$	100,436	$	—	$	304,026
Balance at January 1, 2022	23,473,931	$	235	$	204,920	$	137,067	$	(166)	$	342,056
Net income	—	—		—		1812,~~508~~878		—		1812,~~508~~878
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		~~(143)~~46		~~(143)~~46
Distribution	—	—		—		—				—
Issuance of common stock – ESPP	3,833	—		117		—		—		117
Issuance of common stock – ESPP	4,324	—		124		—		—		124
Share-based compensation	—	—		1,353		—		—		1,353
Share-based compensation	35,939	—		916		—		—		916
Balance at March 26, 2022	23,477,764	$	235	$	206,390	$	149,945	$	(120)	$	356,450
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations	—	—		(867)		—		—		(867)
Balance at September 11, 2021	23,450,869	$	234	$	203,529	$	118,944	$	(143)	$	322,564

First Three Quarters Ended,
September 10, 2022
	Shares	Par Value Common		Additional Paid–in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Equity
Balance, January 1, 2022	23,473,931	$	235	$	204,920	$	137,067	$	(166)	$	342,056
Net income	—	—		—		57,186		—		57,186
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		(82)		(82)
Issuance of common stock – ESPP	110,550	1		396		—		—		397
Share-based compensation	11,487	—		3,790		—		—		3,790
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations	—	—		(1,402)		—		—		(1,402)
Balance at September 10, 2022	23,595,968	$	236	$	207,704	$	194,253	$	(248)	$	401,945
First Three Quarters Ended,
September 11, 2021
	Shares	Par Value Common		Additional Paid–in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Equity
Balance, January 2, 2021	23,340,700	$	233	$	201,148	$	76,119	$	—	$	277,500
Net income	—	—		—		42,825		—		42,825
Currency Translation Adjustment	—	—		—		—		(143)		(143)
Issuance of common stock – ESPP	15,146	—		371		—		—		371
Share-based compensation	95,023	1		3,606		—		—		3,607
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations	—	—		(1,596)		—		—		(1,596)
Balance at September 11, 2021	23,450,869	$	234	$	203,529	$	118,944	$	(143)	$	322,564

Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

	First Three Quarters Ended,
	First Quarter Ended,
	September 10,2022		September 11,2021
	March 31, 2023 (90 days)		March 26, 2022(84 days)
Cash flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	5716,~~186~~589	$	4212,~~825~~878
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2112,~~546~~168		156,~~168~~507
Provision for civil action settlement	1,100		—
Uncollectible provision	(358)		147
Uncollectible provision	1,115		1,069
Share-based compensation	1,258		1,493
Share-based compensation	4,166		3,922
Deferred taxes	3,143		399
Deferred taxes	2,292		6,068
Other, net	(106)		84
Other, net	1,063		(165)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) in accounts receivable	(31,013)		(12,883)
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable	1,697		(7,681)
(Increase) in inventory	(126,~~934~~568)		(~~2,803~~659)
(Increase) in other current assets	(6,314)		(1,032)
Decrease in other current assets	3,274		819
Increase in accounts payable	15,084		2,254
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable	(2,141)		6,210
Increase in accrued liabilities	5,092		8,704
(Decrease) increase in accrued liabilities	(3,297)		4,393
Cash provided by operating activities	$	5825,~~383~~659	$	6324,~~127~~590
Cash flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures	$	(249,~~156~~946)	$	(129,~~039~~146)
Proceeds from sale of assets	~~177~~1,292		1~~,612~~
Investment in Retriev	(3,000)		—
Cash used in investing activities	$	(8,654)	$	(9,145)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(157,854)		(11,373)
Cash used in investing activities	$	(184,833)	$	(21,800)
Cash flows from Financing Activities:
Payment of Term Loan	—		(30,000)
Repayment of principal on finance leases	(1,733)		(765)
Net change in line of credit	100,000		—
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(2,135)		—
Debt issuance costs	(100)		(822)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock	148		117
Repayment of principal on finance leases	(3,000)		(1,582)
Cash used in financing activities	$	(3,720)	$	(648)
Share repurchases to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(1,402)		(1,596)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	13,285		14,797
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock	397		371
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	22,053		56,269
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	95,895	$	(33,629)
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	35,338	$	71,066
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(30,555)		7,698
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	56,269		67,575
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	25,714	$	75,273
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	$	~~11,796~~45	$	~~637~~18
Cash paid for interest	~~627~~2,093		~~125~~73
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information:
Payables for construction in progress	21,~~865~~714		~~719~~1,112

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

108

HERITAGE-CRYSTAL CLEAN, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023

(1) ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”), provide parts cleaning, used oil re-refining, hazardous and non-hazardous waste disposal, emergency and spill response, and industrial and field services to vehicle maintenance businesses, manufacturers and other industrial businesses, as well as utilities and governmental entities. The Company owns and operates a used oil re-refinery where it re-refines used oils and sells high quality base oil for use in the manufacture of finished lubricants as well as other re-refinery products. The Company also has multiple locations where it dehydrates used oil. The oil processed at these locations is primarily sold as recycled fuel oil. The Company also operates ~~ten~~twelve non-hazardous waste processing facilities, as well as five antifreeze recycling facilities at which it produces virgin-quality antifreeze. The Company's locations are in the United States and Ontario, Canada. The Company conducts its primary business operations through Heritage-Crystal Clean, LLC, its wholly owned subsidiary, and all intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

~~The~~Effective ~~Company~~January ~~has~~1, ~~two~~2023, ~~reportable~~the ~~segments:~~Company ~~"Environmental~~revised ~~Services"~~its ~~and~~reportable ~~"Oil~~segments ~~Business."~~as ~~The~~a ~~Environmental~~result ~~Services segment consists~~ of the ~~Company's~~Patriot ~~parts~~Environmental ~~cleaning~~Services, ~~hazardous~~Inc. ~~and~~acquisition. ~~non-hazardous~~Previously ~~waste~~we ~~disposal,~~had ~~wastewater~~two ~~vacuum,~~reportable ~~antifreeze~~segments: ~~recycling~~"Environmental ~~activities~~Services," ~~emergency~~ and ~~spill response, and industrial and field services. The~~ "Oil Business ~~segment consists of the Company's used oil collection, recycled fuel oil sales, used oil re-refining activities, and used oil filter removal and disposal services~~." Under ~~No customer represented greater than 10% of consolidated revenues for any of~~ the ~~periods~~revised ~~presented.~~segment ~~There were no intersegment revenues. Both segments operate in the United States and~~presentation, ~~to an immaterial degree, in Ontario, Canada. As such,~~ the Company isnow ~~not~~has ~~disclosing~~three ~~operating~~reportable ~~results~~segments: ~~by geographic segment.~~

~~The~~•"Environmental Services," which consists of the Company’'s ~~fiscal~~parts ~~year~~cleaning, ~~ends~~containerized onhazardous ~~the~~and ~~Saturday~~non-hazardous ~~closest~~waste tocollection ~~December~~and ~~31. The~~hazardous ~~most~~waste ~~recent~~disposal, ~~fiscal~~wastewater ~~year~~vacuum, ~~ended~~and onantifreeze ~~January 1,~~recycling ~~2022~~activities. ~~Each~~Product revenues include sales of ~~the~~solvent, ~~Company's~~machines, ~~first~~absorbent, ~~three~~accessories, ~~fiscal~~and ~~quarters~~antifreeze; ~~consists~~service revenues include servicing of ~~twelve~~parts ~~weeks~~cleaning ~~while~~machines, containerized hazardous and non-hazardous waste removal services, and wastewater vacuum services through the ~~last~~branch ~~fiscal~~network. ~~quarter~~Rental ~~consists~~income ofincludes ~~sixteen~~embedded orlease ~~seventeen~~income ~~weeks~~from certain parts cleaning contracts.

In•"Oil Business," which consists of the Company's ~~Environmental~~used ~~Services~~oil ~~segment~~collection, ~~product~~recycled ~~revenues~~fuel ~~include~~oil sales ~~of solvent~~, ~~machines,~~used ~~absorbent,~~oil ~~accessories, and antifreeze; service revenues include servicing of parts cleaning machines, hazardous and non~~re-~~hazardous~~refining ~~waste removal services~~activities, ~~wastewater vacuum services, emergency~~ and ~~spill~~used ~~response,~~oil ~~and~~filter ~~industrial~~removal and ~~field~~disposal services~~; rental income includes embedded lease income from certain of our parts cleaning contracts~~. In ~~the~~Product ~~Company's Oil Business segment, product~~ revenues primarily consist of sales of re-refined base oil, re-refinery co-products and recycled fuel oil; service revenues include revenues from used oil collection activities, collecting and disposing of wastewater and removal and disposal of used oil filters. ~~Due to the Company's integrated business model, it is impracticable to separately present costs of tangible products and costs of services.~~

~~COVID~~•"Industrial and Field Services," which consists of the Company's industrial and field services and non-19hazardous ~~Pandemic~~waste processing and includes revenues related to industrial and field services, emergency and spill response as well as processing of non-hazardous waste.

Due Weto ~~are closely monitoring~~ the ~~spread~~Company's ~~and~~integrated ~~impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and are continually assessing its potential effects on our~~ business ~~and~~model, ~~our~~it ~~financial~~is ~~performance~~impracticable asto ~~well~~separately aspresent ~~the~~costs ~~businesses~~ of ~~our~~tangible ~~customers~~products and ~~vendors.~~costs ~~The Company cannot predict the duration or severity~~ of ~~the COVID-19 pandemic, and we cannot reasonably estimate the financial impact the COVID-19 outbreak will have on our results and significant estimates going forward~~services.

~~The~~No ~~ultimate~~customer ~~impact~~represented ofgreater ~~the~~than ~~COVID-19~~10% ~~pandemic on our business, results~~ of ~~operations,~~consolidated ~~financial~~revenues ~~condition~~for ~~and~~any ~~cash flows is highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted and is dependent on future developments, including the duration~~ of the ~~pandemic~~periods ~~and~~presented. ~~the~~Intercompany ~~related~~revenues ~~length~~have ofbeen ~~its~~eliminated. ~~impact~~All onsegments ~~the~~operate ~~global~~in ~~economy, and any new information that may emerge concerning~~ the ~~COVID-19~~United ~~outbreak~~States and, ~~the actions~~ to ~~contain~~an itimmaterial ~~or treat its impact. In fiscal 2021~~degree, ~~the continued impact on our business as a result of COVID-19 pandemic resulted~~ in ~~additional lost work hours which negatively impacted our ability to service our customers on a timely basis~~Ontario, ~~the effect of which is included in the fiscal 2021 financial operations in this filing~~Canada. ~~Although~~As ~~no material impact on our business occurred during the third quarter of 2022 or during the first three quarters of 2022~~such, the ~~continued~~Company ~~impact~~is onnot ~~our~~disclosing ~~business~~operating ~~as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic could result in a material adverse effect on our business,~~ results ofby ~~operations,~~geographic ~~financial condition, prospects and the trading prices of our securities in the near-term and throughout 2022~~segment.

11Beginning with our 2023 fiscal year, we changed our financial reporting cycle to a calendar year-end and end-of-month quarterly reporting cycle. Accordingly, our 2023 fiscal year began on January 1, 2023 (the day after the end of the 2022 fiscal year) and will end on December 31, 2023, and our 2023 quarters include the three month periods ending March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31. Our future fiscal years will begin on January 1 and end on December 31. Historically, our fiscal year was a 52 or 53 week fiscal year that ended on the Saturday nearest to December 31, and our quarterly reporting cycle included twelve week periods for the first, second, and third quarters and a sixteen week period (or in some cases a seventeen week period) for the fourth quarter. We have not restated, and do not plan to restate, historical results.

The table below shows the reporting periods as we refer to them in this report, their date ranges, and the number of days in each:

Reporting Period

Date Range

Number of Days

2023 first quarter

January 1, 2023 - March 31, 2023

2022 first quarter

January 2, 2022 - March 26, 2022

2023 fiscal year

January 1, 2023 - December 31, 2023

365

2022 fiscal year

January 2, 2022 - December 31, 2022

364

As a result of the change in our financial reporting cycle, our 2023 first quarter had 6 more days of activity than our 2022 first quarter. While our 2023 full fiscal year will have one additional day of activity as compared to our 2022 full fiscal year, our 2023 fourth quarter will have 20 fewer days of activity than the corresponding period in our 2022 fiscal year.

(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company's significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended ~~January 1~~December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes in these policies or their application during the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 except for the fiscal year change as further described in Note 1.

1211

(3) BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

On August 3, 2022, Heritage-Crystal Clean, LLC, completed its acquisition of all of the ~~issued and outstanding shares of the~~ capital stock of Patriot Environmental Services, Inc. ("Patriot"), a leading provider of environmental services across the Western United States specializing in emergency response, industrial services, OSRO spill response and a wide variety of waste services. Total consideration for the acquisition was approximately $~~157~~156.9 million in cash subject to various adjustments such as a working capital adjustment and seller indemnification obligations. To date, there have been no adjustments to the purchase price. Goodwill recognized from the acquisition of Patriot, represents the excess of the estimated purchase consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company has not ~~yet~~finalized ~~completed~~ the ~~fair~~purchase ~~value~~price ~~valuation~~allocation ~~with~~for athe ~~3rd~~acquisition ~~party~~as ~~specialist~~of ~~and~~March ~~therefore~~31, is2023. ~~still~~The infollowing ~~the~~balances ~~process~~ of ~~finalizing~~ the purchase price allocation ~~for~~are ~~the~~subject ~~acquisition~~to change as a result of ~~September~~any ~~10,~~working ~~2022.~~capital ~~Furthermore,~~adjustments ~~acquisition~~and ~~deferred~~seller ~~taxes~~indemnification ~~are~~obligations: ~~not~~other ~~yet~~current ~~finalized~~assets, asgoodwill, ofand ~~September~~accounts ~~10,~~payable ~~2022~~and accruals. Factors leading to goodwill being recognized are the Company’s expectation of synergies from combining operations of Patriot, and the Company as well as the value of intangible assets that are not separately recognized, such as the assembled workforce. Transaction costs incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of Patriot were approximately $01.9 2 million. The results of Patriot are consolidated into the Company’s ~~Environmental~~Industrial and Field Services segment from the date of acquisition.

OnThe ~~September~~following ~~27,~~table ~~2021,~~summarizes the ~~Company~~estimated ~~completed~~fair ~~the~~values ~~acquisition~~ of ~~Source~~the ~~Environmental,~~assets ~~Inc.~~acquired, ~~("Source~~net Environmental"), which increased the Company's penetration in the hazardous and non-hazardous waste business in several markets in the Western U.S. This transaction also provided the Company with the opportunity to internalize the performance of ~~certain~~cash ~~field service activities in the Western U.S. Total consideration for the acquisition was approximately $20.4 million. To date~~acquired, ~~there~~related ~~have been no adjustments~~ to ~~the~~Patriot ~~purchase~~at ~~price. Factors leading to goodwill being recognized are~~ the Company’s expectation of synergies from combining operations of Source Environmental, and the Company as well as the value of intangible assets that are not separately recognized, such as the assembled workforce. Transaction costs incurred in conjunction with the acquisition ~~of Source Environmental were immaterial. The results of Source Environmental are consolidated into the Company’s Environmental Services segment from the~~ date ~~of acquisition.~~:

On September 13, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Raider Environmental Services of Florida, Inc., ("Raider Environmental"), which expanded the Company's network of wastewater processing, oil collection and non-hazardous waste consolidation and solidification to better serve the Company's customers in Florida and throughout the Southern United States. Total consideration for the acquisition was approximately $13.7 million. To date, there have been no adjustments to the purchase price. This acquisition provided the Company another wastewater treatment facility as well as assets to help further the Company's initiative to increase its non-hazardous containerized waste processing capabilities. This also provided the Company with exposure to industry verticals in which it didn't previously participate. Factors leading to goodwill being recognized are the Company’s expectation of synergies from combining operations of Raider Environmental, and the Company as well as the value of intangible assets that are not separately recognized, such as the assembled workforce. Transaction costs incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of Raider Environmental were immaterial. The results of Raider Environmental are consolidated primarily into the Company’s Environmental Services segment and an immaterial amount in the Oil Business segment from the date of acquisition.



(thousands)	Patriot Environmental Services, Inc.(1)

Accounts receivable	$	25,381

Other current assets	2,034

Property, plant, & equipment	33,968

Intangible assets	62,200
Goodwill	62,541
Accounts payable and accruals	(12,929)

Deferred tax liabilities	(16,313)



Total purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	156,882


Less: contingent consideration	—
Less: placed in escrow	2,780
Net cash paid	$	154,102

~~On August 24, 2021, Heritage-Crystal Clean completed the acquisition of certain assets of Bakersfield Transfer, Inc., and Cole’s Services, Inc., together known as~~ (~~"Cole's Environmental"~~1), ~~which~~The ~~processed,~~Company ~~stored,~~is ~~and~~still ~~disposed~~in ~~of hazardous waste within~~ the ~~state~~process of ~~California.~~finalizing ~~The~~the purchase price ~~was~~allocation ~~$17.3 million~~for ~~subject to certain adjustments, including a contingent consideration provision. Goodwill recognized from~~ the acquisition ~~of Cole's Environmental, represents the excess of the estimated purchase consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired~~ and ~~liabilities~~therefore ~~assumed. To date, there have been no adjustments to~~ the ~~purchase~~following ~~price.~~balances ~~Factors~~are ~~leading~~subject to ~~goodwill~~change ~~being~~as ~~recognized~~a ~~are~~result ~~the Company’s expectation~~ of ~~synergies~~any ~~from~~working ~~combining~~capital ~~operations~~adjustments ~~of Cole's Environmental,~~ and ~~the~~seller ~~Company~~indemnification asobligations: ~~well~~other ascurrent ~~the value of intangible~~ assets, ~~that are not separately recognized~~goodwill, ~~such~~and asaccounts ~~the~~payable ~~assembled workforce. The results of Cole's Environmental are consolidated primarily into the Company’s Environmental Services segment~~ and ~~an immaterial amount in the Oil Business segment from the date of acquisition~~accruals.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired, net of cash acquired, related to each acquisition as of September 10, 2022:

	As of September 10, 2022
(thousands)	Source Environmental, Inc.(1)		Raider Environmental Services of Florida, Inc.(1)		Cole's Environmental(1)		Patriot Environmental Services, Inc.(2)
Accounts receivable	$	1,064	$	488	$	—	$	26,305
Inventory	—		—		73		—
Other current assets	6		162		—		1,947
Property, plant, & equipment	174		4,404		2,455		57,932
Intangible assets	13,692		6,056		9,620		—
Goodwill	6,174		2,835		5,144		83,431
Accounts payable and accruals	(677)		(218)		—		(11,761)
Total purchase price, net of cash acquired	$	20,433	$	13,727	$	17,292	$	157,854
Less: contingent consideration	—		—		4,464		—
Less: placed in escrow	—		—		100		2,780
Net cash paid	$	20,433	$	13,727	$	12,728	$	155,074

(1) The above purchase price allocations are final as of September 10, 2022.

(2) The Company is still in the process of finalizing the purchase price allocation for the acquisition and therefore all balances are provisional.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The pro forma financial information in the table below presents the combined results of the Company as if the Patriot acquisition had occurred on January 21, ~~2021~~2022. The pro forma information is shown for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of future results of operations of the Company or results of operations of the Company that would have actually occurred had the transactions been in effect for the periods presented.

	Third Quarter Ended,
(thousands, except per share data)	September 10, 2022		September 11, 2021
Total revenues	$	179,832	$	148,005
Net income	$	21,796	$	20,744
Net income per share: basic	$	0.92	$	0.89
Net income per share: diluted	$	0.92	$	0.88

	First Three Quarters Ended,
(thousands, except per share data)	September 10, 2022		September 11, 2021
Total revenues	$	541,008	$	418,878
Net income	$	56,409	$	44,734
Net income per share: basic	$	2.40	$	1.91
Net income per share: diluted	$	2.39	$	1.90

necessarily indicative of future results of operations of the Company or results of operations of the Company that would have actually occurred had the transactions been in effect for the periods presented.

The following sets forth certain adjustments made in the preparation of the unaudited pro forma financial statements. All pro forma adjustments are based on preliminary estimates and assumptions and are subject to revision upon finalization of the purchase accounting for the Acquisition:


	First Quarter Ended,
(thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2023 (90 days)		March 26, 2022 (84 days)
Total revenues	$	193,483	$	169,446
Net income	$	16,589	$	11,587

Net income per share: basic	$	0.70	$	0.49
Net income per share: diluted	$	0.70	$	0.49

•Reflects adjustments to selling, general, and administrative expenses to exclude transaction costs of $0.9 million incurred to execute the purchase that were expensed in the first three quarters of fiscal 2022. Additional adjustment of estimated cost savings of $3.6 million related to layoffs of personnel as a result of the acquisition.13

•Pro forma adjustment related to estimated additional depreciation expense as a result of the $31.8 million of step up to fair value of the property, plant, and equipment with an average estimated useful life of 7 years.

•Pro forma adjustment related to estimated additional interest expense as a result of the draw on the line of credit in order to fund the acquisition.

(4) REVENUE

We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied. Recognition occurs when the Company transfers control by completing the specified services at the point in time the customer benefits from the services performed or once our products are delivered. The majority of revenue is recognized at a point in time, except for rental income which is recognized on an over time basis. The Company measures progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation satisfied over time using a cost-based input method. This method of measuring progress provides a faithful depiction of the transfer of goods or services because the costs incurred are expected to be substantially proportionate to the Company’s satisfaction of the performance obligation. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for completing our performance obligations. Sales tax and other taxes we collect with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. In the case of contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling prices of the various goods and/or services encompassed by the contract. We do not have any material significant payment terms as payment is generally due within 30 days after the performance obligation has been satisfactorily completed. The Company has elected the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. In applying the guidance in Topic 606, there were no judgments or estimates made that the Company deems significant.

Contract Balances — Contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed in relation to its services performed but not billed at the reporting date. Contract liabilities primarily consist of advance payments of performance obligations yet to be fully satisfied in the period reported. Our contract liabilities and contract assets are reported in a net position at the end of each reporting period.

We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by major lines of business for each of our segments, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. As further described in Note 10, prior period segment results presented for comparative purposes below have been recast to reflect the newly reportable segments.

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major lines:

			Third Quarter Ended,
	First Quarter Ended,
			September 10, 2022												September 11, 2021
	March 31, 2023 (90 days)																March 26, 2022(84 days)
Total Net Sales by Major Lines of Business (thousands)	Environmental Services		~~Environmental Services~~		Oil Business		~~Oil Business~~		Industrial and Field Services		~~Total~~		Total		~~Environmental Services~~		Environmental Services		~~Oil Business~~		Oil Business		~~Total~~		Industrial and Field Services		Total
Parts Cleaning, Containerized Waste, & related products/services	$	56,658	$	~~51,731~~	$	—	$	—	$	1,469	$	~~51,731~~	$	58,127	$	~~40,232~~	$	45,900	$	—	$	—	$	~~40,232~~	$	1,049	$	46,949
Wastewater Vacuum Services			21,169				—				21,169				15,131				—				15,131
Vacuum Services & Wastewater Treatment	20,344				—				6,426				26,770				13,533				—				3,767		17,300
Field Services			19,822				—				19,822				5,063				—				5,063
Industrial & Field Services	—				—				37,747				37,747				—				—				6,290		6,290
Antifreeze Business	9,676		~~7,036~~		—		—		—		~~7,036~~		9,676		~~5,730~~		7,654		—		—		~~5,730~~		—		7,654
Environmental Services - Other	522		~~475~~		—		—		—		~~475~~		522		~~458~~		495		—		—		~~458~~		—		495
Re-Refinery Product Sales			—				62,618				62,618				—				45,275				45,275
Re-refinery Product Sales	—				46,809				—				46,809				—				49,139				—		49,139
Oil Collection Services & RFO	—		—		4,738		~~1,712~~		—		~~1,712~~		4,738		—		—		~~4,425~~		4,313		~~4,425~~		—		4,313
Oil Filter Business	—		—		1,403		~~1,197~~		—		~~1,197~~		1,403		—		—		~~1,136~~		1,249		~~1,136~~		—		1,249
Revenues from Contracts with Customers	87,200		~~100,233~~		52,950		~~65,527~~		45,642		~~165,760~~		185,792		~~66,614~~		67,582		~~50,836~~		54,701		~~117,450~~		11,106		133,389
Rental income			6,445				14				6,459				5,725				—				5,725
Rental Income	7,567				7				117				7,691				5,963				14				—		5,977
Total Revenues	$	94,767	$	~~106,678~~	$	52,957	$	~~65,541~~	$	45,759	$	~~172,219~~	$	193,483	$	~~72,339~~	$	73,545	$	~~50,836~~	$	54,715	$	~~123,175~~	$	11,106	$	139,366

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:


(thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets	$	—	$	133
Contract liabilities	3,213		2,658
Contract liabilities - net	$	3,213	$	2,525

During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized $2.5 million in revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of December 31, 2022. The Company has no assets recognized from costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.

	First Three Quarters Ended,
	September 10, 2022						September 11, 2021
Total Net Sales by Major Lines of Business (thousands)	Environmental Services		Oil Business		Total		Environmental Services		Oil Business		Total
Parts cleaning, containerized waste, & related products/services	$	148,908	$	—	$	148,908	$	119,805	$	—	$	119,805
Wastewater Vacuum Services	59,710		—		59,710		43,671		—		43,671
Field Services	32,651		—		32,651		13,908		—		13,908
Antifreeze Business	21,810		—		21,810		19,003		—		19,003
Environmental Services - Other	1,456		—		1,456		1,306		—		1,306
Re-refinery Product Sales	—		165,955		165,955		—		114,158		114,158
Oil Collection Services & RFO	—		15,278		15,278		—		13,594		13,594
Oil Filter Business	—		3,755		3,755		—		3,553		3,553
Revenues from Contracts with Customers	264,535		184,988		449,523		197,693		131,305		328,998
Rental income	18,673		37		18,710		16,818		18		16,836
Total Revenues	$	283,208	$	185,025	$	468,233	$	214,511	$	131,323	$	345,834

(thousands)	September 10, 2022		January 1, 2022
Contract assets	$	84	$	268
Contract liabilities	2,721		2,362
Contract liabilities - net	$	2,637	$	2,094

During the fiscal quarter ended September 10, 2022, the Company recognized no revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of January 1, 2022. During the first three quarters ended September 10, 2022, the Company recognized $2.4 million of revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of January 1, 2022. The Company has no assets recognized from costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.

(5) ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts Receivable — Net, includes amounts billed to and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable lifetime-expected credit losses in existing accounts receivable and is determined based on our historical collections experience, age of the receivable, knowledge of the customer and the condition of the general economy and industry as a whole. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

Accounts receivable for the ~~third~~first quarter ended ~~September 10~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and the fiscal year ended ~~January 1~~December 31, 2022 consisted of the following:

(thousands)

~~September~~March 1031,~~2022~~2023

~~January~~December 131,2022

Trade

~~115~~106,~~278~~802

59111,~~132~~118

Less: allowance for uncollectible accounts

53,~~169~~988

24,~~928~~496

Trade - net

~~110~~102,~~109~~814

56106,~~204~~622

Related parties

75,~~817~~354

56,~~410~~777

Other

~~790~~4,901

~~899~~1,009

Total accounts receivable - net

~~118~~113,~~716~~069

62114,~~513~~408

The following table provides the changes in the Company’s allowance for uncollectible accounts for the first quarter ended March 31, 2023, and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022:



(thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,496	$	2,928
Provision for uncollectible accounts	(358)		2,269
Accounts written off, net of recoveries	(150)		(701)
Balance at end of period	$	3,988	$	4,496

The following table provides the changes in the Company’s allowance for uncollectible accounts for the first three quarters ended September 10, 2022, and the fiscal year ended January 1, 2022:

(thousands)	September 10,2022		January 1,2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,928	$	2,502
Provision for uncollectible accounts	1,115		1,930
Additions through acquisitions	1,586		—
Accounts written off, net of recoveries	(460)		(1,504)
Balance at end of period	$	5,169	$	2,928

(6) INVENTORY

The carrying value of inventory consisted of the following:

(thousands)

~~September~~March 1031,~~2022~~2023

~~January~~December 131,2022

Solvents and solutions

1112,~~600~~661

710,~~704~~792

Used oil and processed oil

1719,~~109~~105

914,~~361~~904

Machines

56,~~415~~475

46,~~995~~329

Drums and supplies

6,~~322~~787

56,~~731~~476

Other

2,~~464~~697

2,~~246~~666

Total inventory

4247,~~910~~725

3041,~~037~~167

Less: machine refurbishing reserve

~~440~~431

~~501~~440

Total inventory - net

4247,~~470~~294

2940,~~536~~727

Inventory consists primarily of used oil, processed oil, solvents and solutions, new and refurbished parts cleaning machines, drums and supplies, and other items. Inventories are valued at the lower of first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost or net realizable value, net of any reserves for excess, obsolete, or unsalable inventory. The Company monitors its inventory levels at each of its locations and evaluates inventories for excess or slow-moving items. If circumstances indicate the cost of inventories exceed their recoverable value, inventories are reduced to net realizable value. The Company had no inventory write downs during the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 or ~~2021~~2022.

(7) GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill is measured as a residual amount as of the acquisition date, which in most cases results in measuring goodwill as an excess of the purchase consideration transferred plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the net assets acquired, including any contingent consideration. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and in interim periods if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company's determination of fair value requires certain assumptions and estimates, such as margin expectations, market conditions, growth expectations, expected changes in working capital, etc., regarding expected future profitability and expected future cash flows. The Company reports and tests goodwill for impairment only in its Environmental Services and Industrial and Field Services reporting ~~unit~~units. asAs further discussed in Note 10, December 31, 2022 numbers presented for comparative purposes below have been recast to reflect the ~~Oil~~newly ~~Business~~reportable segments. The Company analyzed the relative fair values of each acquisition and assigned them to the respective segment ~~has~~that nothe ~~recorded~~results ~~goodwill~~of each acquisition are consolidated into.

The following table shows changes to our goodwill balances by segment from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023:


(thousands)	Environmental Services		Industrial and Field Services		Total

Goodwill at December 31, 2022
Gross carrying amount	$	37,650	$	74,586	$	112,236
Accumulated impairment loss	—		—		—
Net book value at December 31, 2022	$	37,650	$	74,586	$	112,236
Acquisitions	—		—		—
Goodwill at March 31, 2023
Gross carrying amount	37,650		74,586		$	112,236
Accumulated impairment loss	—		—		—
Net book value at March 31, 2023	$	37,650	$	74,586	$	112,236

The following is a summary of software and other intangible assets:

(thousands)			Environmental Services		Total
	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Goodwill at January 1, 2022
(thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Gross carrying amount			$	49,695	$	49,695
Customer & supplier relationships	$	62,268	$	27,168	$	35,100	$	62,268	$	25,762	$	36,506
Accumulated impairment loss			—		—
Permits	60,690		3,547		57,143		60,690		2,697		57,993
Net book value at January 1, 2022			$	49,695	$	49,695
Software	13,806		7,642		6,164		13,643		7,378		6,265
Acquisitions			83,431		83,431
Non-compete agreements	4,421		3,739		682		4,421		3,665		756
Goodwill at September 10, 2022
Patents, formulae, and licenses	1,769		987		782		1,769		971		798
Gross carrying amount			133,126		$	133,126
Other*	597		721		(124)		597		580		17
Accumulated impairment loss			—		—
Total software and intangible assets	$	143,551	$	43,804	$	99,747	$	143,388	$	41,053	$	102,335
Net book value at September 10, 2022			$	133,126	$	133,126

	September 10, 2022						January 1, 2022
(thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Customer & supplier relationships	$	47,168	$	23,888	$	23,280	$	47,167	$	20,725	$	26,442
Permits	13,590		1,425		12,165		13,590		879		12,711
Software	13,411		7,057		6,354		11,721		6,399		5,322
Non-compete agreements	4,427		3,580		847		4,048		3,340		708
Patents, formulae, and licenses	1,769		951		818		1,769		906		863
Other*	606		718		(112)		996		1,093		(97)
Total software and intangible assets	$	80,971	$	37,619	$	43,352	$	79,291	$	33,342	$	45,949

*Other intangibles include an above market lease acquired in September 2021 that had a fair value of ($0.7) million upon acquisition and is being accreted over the remaining useful life of the lease.

Amortization expense was $12.57 million for the ~~third~~first quarter ended ~~September 10~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and $1.14 million for the ~~third~~first quarter ended ~~September 11,~~March ~~2021. Amortization expense was $4.3 million for the first three quarters ended September 10~~26, 2022~~, and $3~~.~~4 million~~ ~~for the first three quarters ended September 11, 2021.~~

The weighted average useful lives of software and other intangibles are as follows:

						Weighted Average Useful Life (years)
Permits						1617
Patents, formulae, & licenses						15
Customer and supplier relationships						12
Software						9
Non-compete agreements						5
Other						7

The estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2023 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows:


(millions)
Fiscal Year						Amortization Expense
2023						$7.5
2024						8.5
2025						7.4
2026						6.9
2027						6.8
2028						6.8

(millions)
Fiscal Year						Amortization Expense
2022						$1.9
2023						5.7
2024						4.1
2025						3.1
2026						2.5
2027						2.5

The preceding expected amortization expense is an estimate. Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, the finalization of the fair value of intangible assets that have been acquired from business combinations, disposal of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets, and other events.

1918

(8) ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Accounts payable consisted of the following:

(thousands)

~~September~~March 1031,~~2022~~2023

~~January~~December 131,2022

Accounts payable

5654,~~065~~398

3554,~~613~~935

Accounts payable - related parties

~~688~~137

~~566~~152

Total accounts payable

5654,~~753~~535

3655,~~179~~087

(9) DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

Bank Credit Facility

On March 18, 2021, Heritage-Crystal Clean, LLC, (the “Company”), entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Agreement"), by and among the Company, its parent, Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc., and the Company’s subsidiaries identified therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. The ~~Agreement~~new ~~replaced the Company's previous Credit~~ Agreement ~~dated~~provides ~~as of February 21, 2017. During the first quarter of 2021 the Company paid down its previous term loan, in full, of $30.0 million. The Agreement provided~~ for borrowings of up to $100.0 million, in the form of a revolving facility, of which $15 million can be used in the form of a Swing Line loan. The Agreement also provided for up to an additional $50.0 million of borrowings using an accordion feature upon approval of the lenders. On August 3, 2022, the Company entered into an Amendment (Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement "the Amendment") which increased the amount of borrowing under the revolving credit line to $150.0 million. The Company ~~then~~ utilized the credit line to finance $115.0 million of the acquisition of Patriot Environmental Services Inc. (see Note 3). The Amendment also provides for up to an additional $50.0 million of borrowings under an accordion feature upon approval of the lenders.

Loans made under the Agreement, as amended, may be Base Rate Loans or Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") Loans, at the election of the Borrower subject to certain exceptions. Base Rate Loans have an interest rate equal to (i) the higher of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (b) the SOFR plus a margin of 1%, or (c) Bank of America's prime rate, plus a margin of 1.00%. SOFR rate loans have an interest rate equal to (i) the SOFR rate plus (ii) a variable margin of between 1.50% and 2.25% depending on the Company's total leverage ratio. Amounts borrowed under the Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the Company's tangible and intangible assets. ~~The~~In ~~Company~~August ~~incurred~~2022, ~~$0.8 million of debt issuance costs related to~~ the ~~amended credit agreement in the first three quarters ended 2021. The~~ Company incurred an additional $0.1 million of debt issuance costs related to the amendment of the credit agreement and drawdown.

The Company's weighted average interest rate for all debt for the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ ended ~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023 was 26.71%.

The Credit Agreement contains customary terms and provisions (including representations, covenants, and conditions) for transactions of this type. Certain covenants, among other things, restrict the Company's and its subsidiaries' ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make investments and sell assets. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, covenants and representations and warranties. Financial covenants include:

•An interest coverage ratio (based on interest expense and EBITDA) of at least 3.5 to 1.0;

•A total leverage ratio no greater than 3.0 to 1.0, provided that in the event of a permitted acquisition having an aggregate consideration equal to $10.0 million or more, at the Borrower’s election, the foregoing 3.00 to 1.00 shall be deemed to be 3.50 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarter in which such permitted acquisition occurs and the three immediately following fiscal quarters and will thereafter revert to 3.00 to 1.00.

The Credit Agreement places certain limitations on acquisitions and the payment of dividends.

~~Debt at September 10, 2022 and January 1, 2022 consisted of the following:~~19

Long-term debt at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following:


(thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Long-term debt	$	90,000	$	90,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	569		617
Less: current portion	5,000		—
Long-term debt, net of current portion	$	84,431	$	89,383

For the first quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded interest expense of $1.8 million with respect to our credit line and related amortization of debt issuance costs. For the first quarter ended March 26, 2022, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.2 million with respect to our term loan and credit line, and related amortization of debt issuance costs.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its Credit Agreement. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company, had $5.3 million and $6.0 million of standby letters of credit issued, respectively, and $54.7 million and $54.0 million was available for borrowing under the bank credit facility, respectively.

(thousands)	September 10, 2022		January 1, 2022
Principal amount (revolving loan)	$	100,000	$	—
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	676		—
Revolving loan, net of debt issuance costs	$	99,324	$	—

For the third quarter ended September 10, 2022, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.9 million with respect to our credit line and related amortization of debt issuance costs. For the third quarter ended September 11, 2021, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.2 million with respect to our credit line, and related amortization of debt issuance costs.

As of September 10, 2022 and January 1, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its Credit Agreement. As of September 10, 2022 and January 1, 2022, the Company, had $6.0 million and $5.6 million, of standby letters of credit issued, respectively, and $44.0 million and $94.4 million was available for borrowing under the bank credit facility, respectively.

(10) SEGMENT INFORMATION

~~The~~Effective January 1, 2023, the Company ~~has~~revised its reportable segments as a result of the Patriot Environmental Services, Inc. acquisition. Previously we had two reportable segments: "Environmental Services," and "Oil Business." Under the revised segment presentation, the Company now has three reportable segments: "Environmental Services," "Oil Business," and "Industrial and Field Services." The Environmental Services segment consists primarily of the Company's parts cleaning, ~~hazardous~~containerized ~~and non-hazardous~~ waste ~~disposal~~management, wastewater vacuum, ~~antifreeze recycling~~services, ~~emergency~~ and ~~spill~~antifreeze ~~response,~~recycling ~~and industrial and field services~~activities. The Oil Business segment consists primarily of the Company's used oil collection, used oil re-refining activities, and the dehydration of used oil to be sold as recycled fuel oil. The Industrial and Field Services segment consists of the Company's industrial and field services, emergency and spill response services, as well as the activities at our non-hazardous waste processing facilities. Prior period segment results presented for comparative purposes below have been recast to reflect the newly reportable segment as a separate segment.

NoSegment ~~single~~results ~~customer in either segment accounted~~ for ~~more than 10.0% of consolidated revenues in any of~~ the ~~periods~~first ~~presented.~~quarter ~~There~~ended ~~were~~March no31, ~~intersegment~~2023 ~~revenues. Both the Environmental Services~~ and ~~Oil~~March ~~Business segments operate in the United States and~~26, to2022 anwere ~~immaterial~~as ~~degree, in Ontario, Canada. As such, the Company is not disclosing operating results by geographic segment.~~follows:

Segment results for the third quarters ended September 10, 2022 and September 11, 2021 were as follows:


First Quarter Ended,
March 31, 2023 (90 days)
(thousands)		Environmental Services		Oil Business		Industrial and Field Services		Corporate and Eliminations		Consolidated

Revenues
	Service revenues	$	71,000	$	2,810	$	45,642	$	—	$	119,452
	Product revenues	16,200		50,140		—		—		66,340
	Rental income	7,567		7		117		—		7,691
Total revenues		$	94,767	$	52,957	$	45,759	$	—	$	193,483
Operating expenses
	Operating costs	68,541		36,298		35,223		—		140,062
	Operating depreciation and amortization	3,500		2,605		3,078		—		9,183
Profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses		$	22,726	$	14,054	$	7,458	$	—	$	44,238
Selling, general, and administrative expenses								17,700		17,700
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A								2,985		2,985
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses								$	20,685	$	20,685
Other (income) - net								(469)		(469)
Operating income										24,022
Interest expense – net								1,814		1,814
Income before income taxes										$	22,208

Third Quarter Ended,
September 10, 2022
(thousands)		EnvironmentalServices		Oil Business		Corporate andEliminations		Consolidated
Revenues
	Service revenues	$	87,530	$	2,554	$	—	$	90,084
	Product revenues	12,703		62,973		—		75,676
	Rental income	6,445		14		—		6,459
Total revenues		$	106,678	$	65,541	$	—	$	172,219
Operating expenses
	Operating costs	77,559		36,588		—		114,147
	Operating depreciation and amortization	4,367		2,338		—		6,705
Profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses		$	24,752	$	26,615	$	—	$	51,367
Selling, general, and administrative expenses						17,086		17,086
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A						1,557		1,557
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses						$	18,643	$	18,643
Other (income) - net						(329)		(329)
Operating income								33,053
Interest expense – net						885		885
Income before income taxes								$	32,168


First Quarter Ended,
March 26, 2022 (84 days)
(thousands)		Environmental Services		Oil Business		Industrial and Field Services		Corporate and Eliminations		Consolidated

Revenues
	Service revenues	$	55,202	$	2,608	$	11,106	$	—	$	68,916
	Product revenues	12,380		52,093		—		—		64,473
	Rental income	5,963		14		—		—		5,977
Total revenues		$	73,545	$	54,715	$	11,106	$	—	$	139,366
Operating expenses
	Operating costs	58,025		34,165		9,593		—		101,783
	Operating depreciation and amortization	2,466		2,084		422		—		4,972
Profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses		$	13,054	$	18,466	$	1,091	$	—	$	32,611
Selling, general, and administrative expenses								13,735		13,735
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A								1,535		1,535
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses								$	15,270	$	15,270
Other (income) - net								(210)		(210)
Operating income										17,551
Interest expense – net								223		223
Income before income taxes										$	17,328

Intersegment revenues for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 in the Industrial and Field services segment were $2.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The Environmental Services segment and the Oil Business segment had no intersegment revenues for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022.

Total assets by segment as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:


(thousands)		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total Assets:
	Environmental Services	$	259,944	$	253,906
	Oil Business	184,045		190,862
	Industrial and Field Services	290,023		283,683
	Unallocated Corporate Assets	76,996		65,790
Total		$	811,008	$	794,241

Segment assets for the Environmental Services, Oil Business segments, and Industrial and Field Services consist of property, plant, and equipment, right-of-use assets, intangible assets, accounts receivable, goodwill, and inventories. Assets for the corporate unallocated amounts consist of property, plant, and equipment used at the corporate headquarters as well as cash and net deferred tax assets.

Third Quarter Ended,
September 11, 2021
(thousands)		EnvironmentalServices		Oil Business		Corporate andEliminations		Consolidated
Revenues
	Service revenues	$	56,887	$	2,850	$	—	$	59,737
	Product revenues	9,727		47,986		—		57,713
	Rental income	5,725		—		—		5,725
Total revenues		$	72,339	$	50,836	$	—	$	123,175
Operating expenses
	Operating costs	52,598		26,888		—		79,486
	Operating depreciation and amortization	2,482		2,175		—		4,657
Profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses		$	17,259	$	21,773	$	—	$	39,032
Selling, general, and administrative expenses						13,294		13,294
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A						1,110		1,110
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses						$	14,404	$	14,404
Other (income) - net						(230)		(230)
Operating income								24,858
Interest expense – net						206		206
Income before income taxes								$	24,652

Segment results for the first three quarters ended September 10, 2022, and September 11, 2021 were as follows:

First Three Quarters Ended,
September 10, 2022
(thousands)		EnvironmentalServices		Oil Business		Corporate andEliminations		Consolidated
Revenues
	Service revenues	$	226,809	$	7,766	$	—	$	234,575
	Product revenues	37,726		177,222		—		214,948
	Rental income	18,673		37		—		18,710
Total revenues		$	283,208	$	185,025	$	—	$	468,233
Operating expenses
	Operating costs	214,091		106,593		—		320,684
	Operating depreciation and amortization	10,448		6,547		—		16,995
Profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses		$	58,669	$	71,885	$	—	$	130,554
Selling, general, and administrative expenses						45,846		45,846
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A						4,551		4,551
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses						$	50,397	$	50,397
Other expense - net						462		462
Operating income								79,695
Interest expense – net						1,358		1,358
Income before income taxes								$	78,337

First Three Quarters Ended,
September 11, 2021
(thousands)		EnvironmentalServices		Oil Business		Corporate andEliminations		Consolidated
Revenues
	Service revenues	$	166,593	$	10,876			$	177,469
	Product revenues	31,100		120,429		—		151,529
	Rental income	16,818		18				16,836
Total revenues		$	214,511	$	131,323	$	—	$	345,834
Operating expenses
	Operating costs	155,596		78,988		—		234,584
	Operating depreciation and amortization	6,490		5,233				11,723
Profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses		$	52,425	$	47,102	$	—	$	99,527
Selling, general, and administrative expenses						38,522		38,522
Depreciation and amortization from SG&A						3,445		3,445
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses						$	41,967	$	41,967
Other (income) - net						(669)		(669)
Operating income								58,229
Interest expense – net						707		707
Income before income taxes								$	57,522

Total assets by segment as of September 10, 2022 and January 1, 2022 were as follows:

(thousands)		September 10, 2022		January 1, 2022
Total Assets:
	Environmental Services	$	499,864	$	281,333
	Oil Business	197,922		171,188
	Unallocated Corporate Assets	61,229		74,343
Total		$	759,015	$	526,864

Segment assets for the Environmental Services and Oil Business segments consist of property, plant, and equipment, right-of-use assets, intangible assets, accounts receivable, goodwill, and inventories. Assets for the corporate unallocated amounts consist of property, plant, and equipment used at the corporate headquarters as well as cash and net deferred tax assets.

(11) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

LEASES

Lessee

The Company leases buildings and property, railcars, machinery and equipment, and various types of vehicles and trailers for use in our operations. Each arrangement is evaluated individually to determine if the arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components and we have elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets. In addition, our lease agreements do not contain any material residual guarantees or restrictive covenants.

Leases may include variable lease payments for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and truck lease mileage. Variable lease payments are not included in the initial measurement of the right-of-use assets or lease liabilities, and are recorded as lease expense in the period incurred. Options to extend or terminate a lease are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. We have elected not to record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet and instead recognize those lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with initial terms in excess of 12 months are recorded as either operating or financing leases in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Our leased right-of-use assets are measured at the initial measurement of the lease liability, adjusted for any lease payments made prior to the lease commencement date, less any lease incentives received and other initial direct costs incurred. Our lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date, including lease term, in determining the present value of future payments.

Our leases have remaining terms ranging from less than one month to approximately 1211 years and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our finance leases include a fleet of mobile equipment.

Lessor

The Company is a lessor of portions of buildings and property, ~~railcars,~~ and equipment such as embedded leases of parts cleaning machines. Each of the Company’s leases is classified as an operating lease, and the vast majority are short-term leases. Variable lease payments include real and personal property taxes, which are based on the lessee’s pro rata portion of such amounts, and excess mileage charges which are computed as the actual miles traveled in a calendar year minus the maximum average mileage allowance as specified per the contract. Options to extend the lease beyond the original terms range from day-to-day renewals to increments of five-year extensions. Options to terminate the lease range from immediate termination upon return of the asset to various written notification periods following a minimum lease term. Options for a lessee to purchase the underlying asset are not contractually specified but may be negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Significant judgments made in determining whether a contract contains a lease include assessments as to whether or not the contract conveys the right to direct the use of an identified asset. Significant judgments made in allocating consideration between lease and non-lease components include techniques applied in estimating the relative stand-alone selling prices of the lease and non-lease components of the contract in cases where a stand-alone selling price is not directly observable. No leased assets are covered by residual value guarantees. The Company manages the risk associated with the residual value of leased assets through such means as performing periodic maintenance and upkeep activities and the inclusion of contractual terms that hold the lessee responsible for damage incurred to leased assets. The Company has made an accounting policy election to exclude from the consideration in the contract, and from variable payments not included in the consideration in the contract, all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific lease revenue-producing transaction and collected by the lessor from a lessee.

The Company recognizes rental income on a straight-line basis for that portion of the consideration allocated to the embedded lease component of certain of our parts cleaning contracts. We also recognize rental income on certain subleases of ~~railcars and~~ portions of buildings and property.

Rental income was as follows:

2523

	Third Quarter Ended,
	First Quarter Ended,
	September 10, 2022						September 11, 2021
	March 31, 2023 (90 days)								March 26, 2022(84 days)
(thousands)	Environmental Services		Oil Business		~~Total~~Industrial and Field Services		~~Environmental Services~~Total		~~Oil~~Environmental ~~Business~~Services		~~Total~~Oil Business		Industrial and Field Services		Total
Parts Cleaning	$	67,~~421~~550	$	—	$	~~6,421~~117	$	57,~~701~~667	$	—5,939	$	~~5,701~~—	$	—	$	5,939
Property	2417		147		38—		24		—24		2414		—		38
Total rental income	$	67,~~445~~567	$	147	$	~~6,459~~117	$	57,~~725~~691	$	—5,963	$	~~5,725~~14	$	—	$	5,977

Purchase Obligations

	First Three Quarters Ended,
	September 10, 2022						September 11, 2021
(thousands)	Environmental Services		Oil Business		Total		Environmental Services		Oil Business		Total
Parts Cleaning	$	18,593	$	—	$	18,593	$	16,744	$	—	$	16,744
Property	80		37		117		74		18		92
Total rental income	$	18,673	$	37	$	18,710	$	16,818	$	18	$	16,836

Purchase Obligations

The Company may enter into purchase obligations with certain vendors. They represent expected payments to third party service providers and other commitments entered into during the normal course of our business. These purchase obligations are generally cancellable with or without notice, without penalty, although certain vendor agreements provide for cancellation fees or penalties depending on the terms of the contract.

The Company has purchase obligations in the form of open purchase orders of $2118.1 million as of ~~September 10~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, and $1620.57 million as of ~~January 1~~December 31, 2022, primarily for used oil, solvent, machine purchases, disposal and transportation expenses, and capital expenditures.

Litigation and Claims

The Company may be subject to investigations, claims or lawsuits as a result of operating its business, including matters governed by environmental laws and regulations. The Company may also be subject to tax audits in a variety of jurisdictions. When claims are asserted, the Company evaluates the likelihood that a loss will occur and records a liability for those instances when the likelihood is deemed probable and the exposure is reasonably estimable. The Company carries insurance at levels it believes are adequate to cover loss contingencies based on historical claims activity. When the potential loss exposure is limited to the insurance deductible and the likelihood of loss is determined to be probable, the Company accrues for the amount of the required deductible, unless a lower amount of exposure is estimated. As of ~~September 10~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~January 1~~December 31, 2022, the Company had accrued $4.3.2 million and $3.2 million related to loss contingencies and other contingent liabilities~~, respectively~~.

(12) INCOME TAXES

Tax expense for the ~~third~~first fiscal quarter of ~~2022~~2023 was $95.06 million. The Company's effective tax rate for the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 was 2725.83% compared to 25.17% in the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2021. Tax expense for the first three quarters of~~ 2022 ~~was $21~~.~~2 million.~~ The ~~Company’s~~rate ~~effective~~decrease ~~tax~~is ~~rate~~principally ~~for~~attributable to the ~~first~~decreased ~~three~~impact ~~quarters~~ of ~~fiscal~~certain ~~2022~~adjustments ~~was 27.0% compared~~ to ~~25.6%~~financial inreporting ~~the~~income ~~first~~due ~~three~~to ~~quarters~~increased levels of ~~2021.~~profitability ~~The~~as ~~rate~~compared ~~increases are principally attributable~~ to the ~~increased~~first ~~impact~~quarter of ~~certain~~fiscal ~~nondeductible, nonrecurring expenses~~2022.

The Company establishes reserves when it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the full tax benefit of a position. The Company had a reserve of $2.2 million for uncertain tax positions as of ~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023. The gross unrecognized tax benefits would, if recognized, decrease the Company's effective tax rate.

As of ~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023, the Company believes it is more likely than not that a benefit from foreign net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. The Company provided a valuation allowance against those foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $0.67 million.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Act”) was signed into U.S. law on August 16, 2022. The Act includes various tax provisions, including an excise tax on stock repurchases, expanded tax credits for clean energy incentives, and a corporate 25

alternative minimum tax that generally applies to U.S. corporations with average adjusted financial statement income over a three year period in excess of $1 billion. The Company does not expect the Act to materially impact its financial statements.

(13) SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Restricted Stock Compensation/Awards

Annually, the Company grants restricted shares to its Board of Directors. The shares become fully vested one year from their grant date. The fair value of each restricted stock grant is based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company amortizes the expense over the service period, which is the fiscal year in which the award is granted. In addition, the Company may grant restricted shares to certain members of management based on their services and contingent upon continued service with the Company. The restricted shares vest over a period of approximately three years from the grant date. The fair value of each restricted stock grant is based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant.

On November 14, 2022, the Company granted 147,623 shares of restricted stock to certain members of Management as part of a Special Incentive Program. Up to 147,623 shares may vest on September 21, 2025. One-third of the shares vest in equal installments on each the first three anniversaries of September 21, 2022, subject to continuous employment or service with the Company through such date. Two-thirds of the shares are subject to the performance-based vesting terms based on the Company achieving certain Share Price Targets as set forth in the agreement during the three-year period beginning on September 21, 2022 (the “Performance Period”) and the Executive remaining employed by the Company through the Performance Period.

The following table shows a summary of restricted share grants and expense resulting from the awards:

			Compensation Expense
(thousands, except share amounts)			First ~~Three~~Quarter ~~Quarters~~ Ended,				Unrecognized Expense as of,
Recipient of Grant	Grant Date	Restricted Shares	~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023 (90 days)		~~September~~March 1126, ~~2021~~2022(84 days)		~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023 (90 days)		~~September~~March 1126, ~~2021~~2022(84 days)
Special Incentive Grant	April, 2018	350,000	~~380~~$	—	~~1,123~~$	313	—$	—	~~798~~$	67
Members of Management	~~May~~February, ~~2019~~2020	2341,~~560~~138	—		3620		—		—67
Members of Management	February, 2020	41,138	60		75		27		114
Chief Executive Officer	February, 2021	500,000	290		613		1,547		3,268
Chief Executive Officer	February, 2021	500,000	1,520		1,619		2,360		4,698
Members of Management	February, 2021	35,898	53		52		162		396
Members of Management	February, ~~2021~~2022	3575,~~898~~355	~~155~~125		~~114~~129		~~293~~873		~~517~~1,419
Board of Directors	April, ~~2021~~2022	1118,~~487~~064	—		~~227~~111		—		~~105~~369
Members of Management	February, 2022	75,355	362		—		1,185		—
Special Incentive Grant	November, 2022	147,623	259		—		2,604		—
Board of Directors	April, 2022	18,064	350		—		165		—
Members of Management	February, 2023	66,024	155		—		1,707		—

On January 8, 2021, the Company and Mr. Brian Recatto entered into an amended Executive Employment Agreement (the “Amended Agreement”) which was effective on February 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Amended Agreement, the Company replaced in its entirety section 4.3 of the First Amendment to the Executive Employment Agreement relating to equity compensation that was effective February 1, 2017. As of February 1, 2021, Mr. Recatto received a one-time award of 500,000 shares of restricted stock, subject to the achievement of performance criteria established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors pursuant to the Company's 2019 Incentive Plan.

The award date for such Performance-Based Restricted Stock was on February 1, 2021. Such award was granted pursuant to and governed by the terms of the 2019 Incentive Plan and an award agreement in a form provided by the Company. The Performance-Based Restricted Stock one-time award of 500,000 shares received on February 1, 2021, shall vest on January 31, 2025 if Mr. Recatto is employed by the Company on that date, in an amount determined by applying the applicable percentages from the chart below, with the common stock price increases to be determined based on the increase in the price of the Company’s common stock (if any) from the closing price of the common stock as reported by Nasdaq on the amended agreement commencement date ($21.77) and the common stock price on the potential vesting date (determined by using the average closing price of a share of the Company's common stock for the 90-day period ending on the vesting date). If the stock price does not increase by $5.00, then no shares shall vest.

During the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023, the Company recorded approximately $10.13 million of compensation expense related to this award. In the future, the Company expects to recognize compensation expense of approximately $21.85 million over the remaining requisite service period, which ends January 31, 2025. The fair value of this restricted stock award as of the grant date was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the grant date fair value of this award are a risk-free rate of 0.29%, expected dividend yield of zero, and an expected volatility assumption of 53.07%.

2726

remaining requisite service period, which ends January 31, 2025. The fair value of this restricted stock award as of the grant date was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the grant date fair value of this award are a risk-free rate of 0.29%, expected dividend yield of zero, and an expected volatility assumption of 53.07%.


Vesting Table
Increase in Stock Price From the Amended Agreement Commencement Date to the Vesting Date						Total Percentage of Restricted Stock Shares to Be Vested
Less than $5 per share increase						—%
$5 per share increase						25% (vest in 125,000 shares)
$10 per share increase						50% (vest in 250,000 shares)
$15 per share increase						75% (vest in 375,000 shares)
$20 or more per share increase						100% (vest in 500,000 shares)

Provision for possible accelerated vesting of award

If the average closing price of the Company's common stock increases by the marginal levels set forth in the above vesting table for any consecutive 180 day period between February 1, 2021 and January 31, 2025, Mr. Recatto shall become vested in 50% of the corresponding total percentage of restricted shares earned on the last day of the 180 day period.

In addition, on each of December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023, to the extent Mr. Recatto remains employed by the Company under the Amended Agreement on such date, Mr. Recatto shall receive a grant of restricted stock as of such date valued at Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000), with the number of shares of restricted stock constituting such grant determined by applying the average closing price for a share of the Company’s common stock for the 90-day period ending on such date. Such awards of Time-Based Restricted Stock shall be granted pursuant to and governed by the terms of the 2019 Incentive Plan and an award agreement in a form provided by the Company. The Time-Based Restricted Stock shall vest only if Mr. Recatto remains employed by the Company under the Amended Agreement through December 31, 2023; provided, that, upon a Change of Control of the Company (as such term is defined in the Amended Agreement), all shares of the Time-Based Restricted Stock awarded up through the date of closing of the Change in Control shall become vested, and no further award of Time-Based Restricted Stock shall be awarded. During the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023, the Company recorded approximately $0.31 million of compensation expense related to this award.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock activity for the first quarter ended March 31, 2023:

Restricted Stock (Nonvested Shares)	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested shares outstanding at January 1, 2022	723,983	$	21.83
Nonvested shares outstanding at December 31, 2022	728,693	$	21.83
Granted	9366,~~419~~024	2737.6783
Vested	(~~107~~81,~~772~~423)	2324.0590
Forfeited	(~~128~~28,~~297~~797)	2221.3595
Nonvested shares outstanding at September 10, 2022	581,333	$	23.28
Nonvested shares outstanding at March 31, 2023	684,497	$	25.69

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

As of ~~September 10~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023, the Company had reserved 4636,~~080~~ 508 shares of common stock available for purchase under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. In the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023, employees purchased 54,~~638~~775 shares of the Company’s common stock with a weighted average fair market value of $2732.1470 per share.

2827

(14) EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table reconciles the number of shares outstanding for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, to the number of weighted average basic shares outstanding and the number of weighted average diluted shares outstanding for the purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings per share:

Third Quarter Ended,

First Three Quarters Ended,

First Quarter Ended,

(thousands, except per share amounts)

~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023 (90 days)

~~September~~March 1126, ~~2021~~2022(84 days)

~~September 10, 2022~~

~~September 11, 2021~~

Net income

2316,~~201~~589

1812,~~508~~878

~~57,186~~

~~42,825~~

Weighted average basic shares outstanding

23,~~592~~649

23,~~431~~476

~~23,519~~

~~23,403~~

Dilutive shares for share–based compensation plans

82214

~~139~~160

~~132~~

~~145~~

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding

23,~~674~~863

23,~~570~~636

~~23,651~~

~~23,548~~

Net income per share: basic

0.9870

0.7955

~~2.43~~

~~1.83~~

Net income per share: diluted

0.9870

0.7954

~~2.42~~

~~1.82~~

(15) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions) as of ~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023:

						Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1)						Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)						Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)						Fair Value Measurements
Equity Securities (1)						$—						$—						$315.02						$315.02

(1) Represents a $3.0 million investment the Company made in its privately held battery recycling partner, HBR Retriev Holdco, LLC, ~~("Retriev"). Retriev is~~ a ~~Limited~~company ~~Liability Company that is~~ controlled by the Heritage Group, an affiliate of the Company.

~~(16) OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE - NET~~28

Other (income) expense - net was $(0.3) million of income for the third quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to a net $(0.2) million of income in the third quarter of 2021. Other (income) expense - net was $0.5 million of expense for the first three quarters of fiscal 2022, compared to $(0.7) million of income for the first three quarters of fiscal 2021. The 2022 other expense includes approximately $1.1 million of net loss on disposal of assets.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, ~~2022~~2023. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as "aim," "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "project," "should," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," "would" and other words and terms of similar meaning in conjunction with a discussion of future or estimated operating or financial performance. You should read statements that contain these words carefully, because they discuss our future expectations, contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial position or state other “forward-looking” information. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. Factors that could cause such differences include those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal ~~2021~~2022 filed with the SEC on March 21, ~~2022~~2023. Except as required under federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not have any intention, and do not undertake, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date of this quarterly report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by, or on behalf of, us. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements. Certain tabular information may not foot due to rounding. Our fiscal year ends on ~~the Saturday closest to~~ December 31. Interim results for fiscal 2023 are presented for the ~~twelve~~first ~~weeks~~three months ("~~third~~first quarter" or "quarter") ended ~~September 10~~March 31, 2023. Interim results for fiscal 2022 ~~and~~are ~~September 11,~~presented ~~2021~~for the twelve weeks ("first quarter" or "quarter") March 26, ~~respectively~~2022. "Fiscal ~~2021~~2022" represents the 52-week period ended ~~January~~December 131, 2022 and "Fiscal ~~2022~~2023" represents the ~~52-week~~twelve ~~period~~months ~~beginning January 2, 2022, and~~ ending on December 31, ~~2022~~2023.

Overview

WeAs ~~provide~~further ~~parts~~detailed ~~cleaning,~~in ~~used~~Note ~~oil~~1 ~~re-refining,~~to ~~hazardous~~our ~~and~~Financial ~~non-hazardous waste disposal~~Statements, ~~emergency~~beginning ~~and~~with ~~spill~~our ~~response,~~2023 ~~and~~fiscal ~~industrial and field services~~year, ~~and~~ we ~~own~~changed ~~and~~our ~~operate~~financial areporting ~~used~~cycle ~~oil~~to ~~re-refinery~~a ~~where~~calendar ~~we re~~year-~~refine~~end ~~used lubricating oils into high quality lubricant base oil~~ and ~~other products. We have the second largest used oil re~~end-~~refining~~of-month ~~capacity~~quarterly inreporting ~~North America~~cycle. ~~Our~~Accordingly, ~~services help~~ our ~~customers~~2023 ~~manage~~fiscal ~~their~~year ~~used~~began ~~chemicals~~on ~~and~~January ~~liquid and solid wastes~~1, ~~while~~2023 ~~also~~(the ~~helping~~day toafter ~~minimize~~the ~~their~~end ~~regulatory burdens. We operate from a network~~ of 91the ~~branch~~2022 ~~and~~fiscal 14year) ~~industrial services facilities providing services to customers in 48 states~~ and ~~parts~~will ofend ~~Canada.~~on WeDecember ~~conduct~~31, ~~business through two principal operating segments: Environmental Services and Oil Business~~2023.

~~Our~~The ~~Environmental~~table ~~Services~~below ~~segment~~shows revenues are generated primarily from providing parts cleaning, hazardous and non-hazardous waste disposal, wastewater vacuum, antifreeze recycling, emergency and spill response, and industrial and field services. Revenues from this segment accounted for approximately 61.9% of our total Company revenues for the ~~third~~reporting ~~quarter~~periods ~~of fiscal 2022. In the Environmental Services segment, we define and measure same-branch revenues for a given period~~ as ~~the subset of all our branches that have been open and operating throughout and between the periods being compared, and~~ we refer to ~~these~~them asin ~~established~~this ~~branches.~~report, Wetheir ~~calculate~~date ~~average~~ranges, ~~revenues~~and ~~per working day by dividing our revenues by~~ the number of ~~non-holiday~~days ~~weekdays~~ in ~~the applicable fiscal year or fiscal quarter.~~ each:

Our Oil Business segment consists primarily of our used oil collection and used oil re-refining activities, along with our recycled fuel oil ("RFO") sales which together accounted for approximately 38.1% of our total Company revenues in the third quarter of fiscal 2022.

Reporting Period

Date Range

Number of Days

2023 first quarter

January 1, 2023 - March 31, 2023

2022 first quarter

January 2, 2022 - March 26, 2022

2023 fiscal year

January 1, 2023 - December 31, 2023

365

2022 fiscal year

January 2, 2022 - December 31, 2022

364

As a result of the change in our financial reporting cycle, our 2023 first quarter had 6 more calendar days than our 2022 first quarter. While our 2023 full fiscal year will have one additional day of activity as compared to our 2022 full fiscal year, our 2023 fourth quarter will have 20 fewer calendar days than the corresponding period in our 2022 fiscal year. The first quarter of 2023 includes 4 additional working days as a result of our fiscal quarter change. We estimate that the additional working days resulted in an increase in revenues of 6.3% in the first quarter of 2023 when compared to the first quarter of 2022.

We provide full service parts cleaning, hazardous and non-hazardous bulk and containerized waste management, used oil collection, re-refining and lubricating base oil product sales, wastewater vacuum services, antifreeze collection, recycling and product sales, industrial and field services, and emergency and spill response services, and we own and operate a used oil re-refinery where we re-refine used lubricating oils into high quality lubricant base oil and other products. We believe that we are the second largest provider of full-service parts cleaning, hazardous and non-hazardous waste services and used oil collection services to customers in both the industrial and vehicle maintenance sectors in North America. We also believe that we are the second largest used oil re-refiner by capacity in North America, and the second largest producer of remanufactured antifreeze in the United States. Our services help our customers manage their used chemicals and liquid and solid wastes, while also helping to minimize their regulatory burdens. We operate from a network of 105 branch and industrial service locations providing

services to customers in 48 states and parts of Canada. We conduct business through three principal operating segments: Environmental Services, Oil Business, and Industrial and Field Services.

Our Environmental Services segment revenues are generated primarily from providing parts cleaning, containerized waste management and wastewater vacuum services as well as selling remanufactured antifreeze products. Revenues from this segment accounted for approximately 49.0% of our total Company revenues for the first quarter of fiscal 2023. In the Environmental Services segment, we define and measure same-branch revenues for a given period as the subset of all our branches that have been open and operating throughout and between the periods being compared, and we refer to these as established branches. We calculate average revenues per working day by dividing our revenues by the number of non-holiday weekdays in the applicable fiscal year or fiscal quarter.

Our Oil Business segment consists primarily of our used oil collection and used oil re-refining activities, along with our recycled fuel oil ("RFO") sales which together accounted for approximately 27.4% of our total Company revenues in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

Our Industrial and Field Services segment revenues are generated mainly from providing industrial and field services, emergency and spill response services and non-hazardous waste processing and disposal services. Revenue generated in this segment accounted for approximately 23.6% of our total Company revenues in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

We have established prices for our services primarily based on the perceived value of those services in the marketplace. Our customer agreements typically provide for annual renewal and price increases. With respect to our oil product sales, some prices are set through contracts or purchase orders with customers, which may be based on the market prices of an underlying commodity or market indicator.

Our operating costs include the costs of obtaining the materials we use in our products and services, such as used oil collected from customers or purchased from third party collectors, solvent, and other chemicals. The used solvent that we retrieve from customers in our product reuse program is accounted for as a reduction in our net cost of solvent under operating costs, whether placed in inventory or sold to a purchaser for reuse. Changes in the price of crude oil can impact operating costs indirectly as it may impact the price we pay for solvent or used oil, although we attempt to offset volatility in the oil markets by managing the spread between the costs we incur to obtain our materials and the prices we charge for our products and services. Operating costs also include transportation of solvents and waste, payments to third parties to recycle or dispose of the waste materials that we collect, and the costs of operating our re-refinery, recycling centers, non-hazardous waste processing facilities, hubs, and branch system including personnel costs (including commissions), facility rent, truck leases, fuel, and maintenance. Our operating costs as a percentage of revenues generally increase in relation to the number of new branch openings. As new branches achieve route density and scale efficiencies, our operating costs as a percentage of revenues generally decrease.

Operating costs also include transportation of solvents and waste, payments to third parties to recycle or dispose of the waste materials that we collect, costs associated with operating our re-refinery, recycling centers, non-hazardous waste processing facilities and hubs, as well as labor, equipment and supply costs associated with the performance of emergency and spill response and industrial and field services, as well as our branch system including personnel costs (including commissions), facility rent, truck leases, fuel, and maintenance. Our operating costs as a percentage of revenues generally increase in relation to the number of new branch or industrial services facility openings. As new branches or industrial services facilities achieve service density and scale efficiencies, our operating costs as a percentage of revenues generally decrease.

We use profit before corporate selling, general, and administrative expenses ("SG&A") as a key measure of segment profitability. We define profit before corporate SG&A expense as revenue less operating costs and depreciation and amortization from operations.

Our selling, general, and administrative expenses include the costs of performing centralized business functions, including sales management at or above the regional level, business management and marketing, billing, receivables management, accounting and finance, internal audit, logistics management beyond the branch level, environmental health and safety, human resources, and legal.

We operate a used oil re-refinery located in Indianapolis, Indiana, through which we recycle used oil into high quality lubricant base oil and other products. We supply the base oil to firms that produce and market finished lubricants. Our re-refinery has an annual nameplate capacity of approximately 75 million gallons of used oil feedstock ~~(depending on the quality of the feedstock)~~, allowing it to produce approximately 50 million gallons of lubricating base oil per year when operating at full capacity.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are those that are both important to the accurate portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results and require subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

In order to prepare financial statements that conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, commonly referred to as GAAP, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Certain estimates are particularly sensitive due to their significance to the financial statements and the possibility that future events may be significantly different from our expectations.

There were no material changes during the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 to the information provided under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended ~~January~~December 131, 2022.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Our Business

We continue to monitor the spread and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and are continually assessing its potential effects on our business and our financial performance as well as the businesses of our customers and vendors. The Company cannot predict the duration or severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we cannot reasonably estimate the financial impact the COVID-19 outbreak will have on our results and significant estimates going forward.

The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted and is dependent on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic and the related length of its impact on the global economy, and any new information that may emerge concerning the COVID-19 outbreak and the actions to contain it or treat its impact. In fiscal 2021, the continued impact on our business as a result of COVID-19 pandemic resulted in additional lost work hours which negatively impacted our ability to service our customers on a timely basis, the effect of which is included in the fiscal 2021 financial operations in this filing. Although no material impact on our business occurred during the third quarter of 2022 or during the first three quarters of 2022, the continued impact on our business as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic could result in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, prospects and the trading prices of our securities in the near-term and throughout 2022.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

The following table sets forth certain operating data as a percentage of revenues for the periods indicated:

		Third Quarter Ended,								First Three Quarters Ended,
		For the First Quarter Ended,
(thousands)		~~September~~March 1031,~~2022~~ 2023 (90 days)				~~September~~March 1126,~~2021~~ 2022(84 days)				~~September 10,2022~~				~~September 11,2021~~
Revenues
Service revenues		$	90119,~~084~~452	5261.37	%	$	5968,~~737~~916	4849.54	%	$	~~234,575~~	~~50.1~~	%	$	~~177,469~~	~~51.3~~	%
Product revenues		7566,~~676~~340		4334.93	%	5764,~~713~~473		46.93	%	~~214,948~~		~~45.9~~	%	~~151,529~~		~~43.8~~	%
Rental income		67,~~459~~691		34.80	%	5,~~725~~977		4.63	%	~~18,710~~		~~4.0~~	%	~~16,836~~		~~4.9~~	%
Total revenues		$	~~172~~193,~~219~~483	100.0	%	$	~~123~~139,~~175~~366	100.0	%	$	~~468,233~~	~~100.0~~	%	$	~~345,834~~	~~100.0~~	%
Operating expenses
Operating costs		$	~~114~~140,~~147~~062	6672.34	%	$	79101,~~486~~783	6473.50	%	$	~~320,684~~	~~68.5~~	%	$	~~234,584~~	~~67.8~~	%
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	*	17,~~086~~700		9.91	%	13,~~294~~735		109.89	%	~~45,846~~		~~9.8~~	%	~~38,522~~		~~11.1~~	%
Depreciation and amortization		812,~~262~~168		46.83	%	56,~~767~~507		4.7	%	~~21,546~~		~~4.6~~	%	~~15,168~~		~~4.4~~	%
Other expense (income) - net		(329)		(0.2)	%	(230)		(0.2)	%	462		0.1	%	(669)		(0.2)	%
Other (income) - net		(469)		(0.2)	%	(210)		(0.2)	%
Operating income		3324,~~053~~022		1912.24	%	2417,~~858~~551		2012.26	%	~~79,695~~		~~17.0~~	%	~~58,229~~		~~16.8~~	%
Interest expense – net		~~885~~1,814		0.59	%	~~206~~223		0.2	%	~~1,358~~		~~0.3~~	%	~~707~~		~~0.2~~	%
Income before income taxes		3222,~~168~~208		1811.75	%	2417,~~652~~328		2012.04	%	~~78,337~~		~~16.7~~	%	~~57,522~~		~~16.6~~	%
Provision for income taxes		85,~~967~~619		5.2.9	%	64,~~144~~450		53.02	%	~~21,151~~		~~4.5~~	%	~~14,697~~		~~4.2~~	%
Net income		$	2316,~~201~~589	138.56	%	$	1812,~~508~~878	159.02	%	$	~~57,186~~	~~12.2~~	%	$	~~42,825~~	~~12.4~~	%

*Does not include depreciation and amortization related to corporate selling, general, and administrative activity.

Revenues

Revenue for the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 was $~~172~~193.25 million compared to $~~123~~139.24 million for the same quarter of ~~2021~~2022, an increase of $4954.01 million, or 3938.8%. The $4954.01 million increase in revenue was mainly driven by ~~higher~~revenue ~~base~~from ~~oil~~the ~~selling~~Patriot ~~prices,~~acquisition ~~increased~~made ~~demand~~during ~~and~~the ~~higher~~second ~~selling~~half ~~prices~~of ~~for~~2022 ~~our~~as ~~environmental~~well ~~services~~as ~~products~~higher demand and ~~services~~increased asprices ~~well~~for asour byproducts ~~revenue~~and ~~from~~services ~~acquisitions~~in ~~made~~our ~~during~~Environmental ~~the~~and ~~fourth~~Industrial ~~quarter~~& ofField ~~2021~~Segments. ~~and~~The ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022.~~2023 ~~For~~includes ~~the~~4 ~~first~~additional ~~three~~working ~~quarters~~days ofas ~~fiscal~~a ~~2022,~~result ~~revenues~~of ~~increased~~our ~~$122.4 million,~~fiscal orquarter 35change.~~4%,~~ ~~from~~We ~~$345.8 million~~estimate inthat the ~~first~~additional ~~three~~working ~~quarters~~days ofresulted ~~fiscal~~in ~~2021~~an toincrease ~~$468~~in revenues of 6.~~2 million~~3% in the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of ~~2022~~2023 ~~mainly~~when ~~driven~~compared byto the ~~above~~first ~~mentioned~~quarter ~~factors~~of 2022.

Operating costs

Operating costs ~~increased~~as ~~$34.7~~a ~~million,~~percentage orof 43revenue decreased to 72.64%, during the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 compared to 73.0% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~fiscal~~2022. ~~2021~~The decrease is mainly due to ~~higher~~lower ~~used~~ oil ~~feedstock~~inventory ~~costs~~cost asof ~~well~~goods assold ~~higher disposal costs~~ and lower transportation ~~related~~ expenses~~. Operating costs increased $86.1 million~~, orpartially ~~36.7%,~~offset inby ~~the~~higher ~~first~~disposal ~~three~~and ~~quarters~~labor ~~of fiscal 2022 compared to the first three quarters of fiscal 2021 mainly due to the above mentioned factors~~costs.

We expect that in the future our operating costs in ~~both~~ the Environmental Services, ~~and~~ Oil Business, and Industrial Services segments may increase or decrease depending on our product and service volumes and changes in commodity pricing, along with other factors.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses, ~~excluding~~as ~~depreciation~~a ~~and~~percentage ~~amortization,~~of ~~increased~~revenue ~~$3.8~~decreased ~~million,~~to ~~or 28~~9.51%, ~~from~~during the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~fiscal~~2023 ~~2021~~compared to ~~the third quarter of fiscal 2022 mainly due to higher salaries and benefits as well as the settlement of various legal issues~~9. ~~Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $7.3 million, or 19.0~~9%, ~~from~~in the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of ~~fiscal~~2022. ~~2021~~The todecrease ~~the~~is ~~first~~mainly ~~three~~due ~~quarters~~to oflower ~~fiscal~~share-based ~~2022~~compensation ~~due~~expense toaccrual ~~the~~and ~~above~~lower ~~mentioned~~professional ~~factors~~fees.

Other (income) expense - net

Other (income) expense - net was $(0.3) million of income for the third quarter of fiscal 2022, compared to a net $(0.2) million of income in the third quarter of 2021. Other (income) expense - net was $0.5 million of expense for the first three quarters of fiscal 2022, compared to a net $(0.7) million of income for the first three quarters of fiscal 2021. The 2022 other expense includes approximately $1.1 million of net loss on disposal of assets.

Interest expense - net

Interest expense - net for the third quarter of fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was $0.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Interest expense - net for the first three quarters of fiscal 2022 and 2021 was $1.4 million and $0.7 million respectively.32

Interest expense - net for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 was $1.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The increase in interest expense is due to higher borrowings during the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022.

Provision for income taxes

The Company's effective income tax rate for the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 was 2725.83% compared to 25.17% in the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2021~~2022. The ~~Company’s~~rate ~~effective~~decrease ~~tax~~is ~~rate~~principally ~~for~~attributable to the ~~first~~decreased ~~three~~impact ~~quarters~~ of ~~fiscal~~certain ~~2022~~adjustments ~~was 27.0% compared~~ to ~~25.6%~~financial inreporting ~~the~~income ~~first~~due ~~three~~to ~~quarters~~increased levels of ~~2021.~~profitability ~~The~~as ~~rate~~compared ~~increases are principally attributable~~ to the ~~increased~~first ~~impact~~quarter of ~~certain~~fiscal ~~nondeductible, nonrecurring expenses~~2022.

Segment Information

As further described in Note 10, prior period segment results presented for comparative purposes below have been recast to reflect the newly reportable segment as a separate segment. The following table presents revenues by reportable segment:

		Third Quarter Ended,				Change
		First Quarter Ended,				Change
(thousands)		~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023(90 days)		~~September~~March 1126, ~~2021~~2022(84 days)		$		%
Revenues:
	Environmental Services	$	~~106~~94,~~678~~767	$	7273,~~339~~545	$	3421,~~339~~222	4728.59	%
	Oil Business	6552,~~541~~957		5054,~~836~~715		14(1,~~705~~758)		28(3.92)	%
	Total	$	172,219	$	123,175	$	49,044	39.8	%
	Industrial and Field Services	$	45,759	$	11,106	$	34,653	312.0	%
	Total	$	193,483	$	139,366	$	54,117	38.8	%

	First Three Quarters Ended,				Change
(thousands)	September 10, 2022		September 11, 2021		$		%
Revenues:
Environmental Services	$	283,208	$	214,511	$	68,697	32.0	%
Oil Business	185,025		131,323		53,702		40.9	%
Total	$	468,233	$	345,834	$	122,399	35.4	%

In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, Environmental Services revenue was $94.8 million compared to $73.5 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2022. The 28.9% increase in revenue was mainly due to the continued increase in demand and higher prices for our services compared to the prior year quarter. We experienced revenue increases across all service lines in the segment when compared to the first quarter of 2022. Additionally, the first quarter of 2023 includes 4 additional working days as a result of our fiscal quarter change. We estimate that the additional working days resulted in an increase in revenues of 6.3% in the first quarter of 2023 when compared to the first quarter of 2022.

InDuring the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023, ~~Environmental~~Oil ~~Services~~Business revenue was $~~106~~53.70 million compared to $7254.37 million ~~during~~in the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2021~~2022 a decrease of $1.8 ~~The~~million, 47or 3.52%. ~~increase~~A decrease in ~~revenue~~base ~~was~~oil ~~mainly~~sales volume due to ~~the~~lower ~~continued~~demand ~~increase~~was inthe ~~demand~~main ~~and~~driver ~~higher~~of ~~prices~~the ~~for~~decrease ~~our~~in ~~services~~revenue compared to the prior year quarter, aspartially ~~well~~offset asby ~~revenue~~an ~~from~~increase ~~companies~~in ~~acquired~~base ~~during~~oil ~~the~~sales ~~fourth~~price. ~~quarter~~Additionally, ofthe ~~2021~~first ~~and third~~ quarter of ~~2022.~~2023 Weincludes ~~experienced~~4 ~~revenue~~additional ~~increases~~working ~~across~~days ~~all~~as ~~service~~a ~~lines~~result inof ~~the~~our ~~segment~~fiscal ~~when compared to the third~~ quarter ~~of 2021~~change. ~~For~~We ~~the~~estimate ~~first~~that ~~three~~the ~~quarters~~additional ofworking ~~fiscal~~days ~~2022,~~resulted ~~Environmental~~in ~~Services~~an ~~revenue~~increase ~~was~~in ~~$283.2~~revenues ~~million,~~of ~~compared to $214~~6.53% ~~million~~in ~~during~~ the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of ~~fiscal~~2023 ~~2021.~~when ~~The~~compared ~~32.0% increase in revenue was mainly due~~ to the ~~above~~first ~~mentioned~~quarter ~~factors.~~of 2022.

~~During~~Industrial ~~the~~and ~~third~~Field ~~quarter~~Services ~~of fiscal 2022, Oil Business~~ revenue ofwas $6545.58 million ~~represents~~for anthe ~~increase~~first quarter of ~~$14.7~~fiscal ~~million,~~2023 ~~or 28.9%,~~ compared to $5011.81 million infor the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2021~~2022. AnThe $34.7 million increase in ~~base~~revenue ~~oil~~was ~~prices~~mainly ~~was~~driven by revenue from the ~~main~~Patriot ~~driver~~acquisition ofmade during the ~~increase~~second inhalf ~~revenue~~of ~~compared~~2022 and, to ~~the~~a ~~prior~~lesser ~~year~~extent, ~~quarter~~by higher demand and increased prices for our services. ~~For~~Additionally, the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of ~~fiscal~~2023 ~~2022,~~includes ~~Oil~~4 ~~Business~~additional ~~revenues~~working ~~were~~days ~~$185.0~~as ~~million,~~a ~~compared~~result toof ~~$131~~our fiscal quarter change.3 ~~million~~We ~~during~~estimate that the ~~first~~additional ~~three~~working ~~quarters~~days ofresulted ~~fiscal~~in ~~2021.~~an ~~The~~ increase in ~~revenue~~revenues ~~was~~of ~~driven~~6.3% ~~primarily~~in bythe first quarter of 2023 when compared to the ~~above~~first ~~mentioned~~quarter ~~factors~~of 2022.

Segment Profit Before Corporate Selling, General and Administrative Expenses ("SG&A")

		Third Quarter Ended,				Change
(thousands)		September 10, 2022		September 11, 2021		$		%
Profit before corporate SG&A*
	Environmental Services	$	24,752	$	17,259	$	7,493	43.4%
	Oil Business	26,615		21,773		4,842		22.2%
	Total	$	51,367	$	39,032	$	12,335	31.6%

The following table presents profit by reportable segment before corporate SG&A expense:

		First Three Quarters Ended,				Change
		First Quarter Ended,				Change
(thousands)		~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023(90 days)		~~September~~March 1126, ~~2021~~2022(84 days)		$		%
Profit before corporate SG&A*
	Environmental Services	$	5822,~~669~~726	$	5213,~~425~~054	$	69,~~244~~672	1174.91%
	Oil Business	7114,~~885~~054		4718,~~102~~466		24(4,~~783~~412)		52(23.69)%
	Total	$	130,554	$	99,527	$	31,027	31.2%
	Industrial and Field Services	$	7,458	$	1,091	$	6,367	583.6%
	Total	$	44,238	$	32,611	$	11,627	35.7%

*Includes depreciation and amortization related to operating activity but not depreciation and amortization related to corporate selling, general, and administrative activity. For further discussion see Note 1110 in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this document.

Environmental Services profit before corporate SG&A expense increased $79.57 million, or 4374.41%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2021~~2022. ~~The~~Operating improvement in profitability was mainly driven by higher dollar increase in revenue compared to the increase in operating expenses, partially offset by higher transportation costs caused by extraordinary high inflation as well as an increase in equipment rental costs. Our operating margin ~~percentage~~ for ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2022~~2023 was 2324.20% compared to 23the recast margin of 17.97% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2021~~2022. The ~~decrease~~increase in operating margin was mainly driven by ~~higher~~increased ~~transportation~~pricing ~~costs~~in ~~caused~~comparison bywith ~~extraordinary~~the ~~high~~increased ~~inflation~~operating ~~as well as an increase in equipment rental~~ costs.

~~Environmental~~Oil ~~Services~~Business profit before corporate SG&A expense ~~increased~~decreased $64.24 million, or 1123.9%, in the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 compared to the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal ~~2021~~2022. ~~The~~Oil ~~improvement~~Business insegment ~~profitability~~operating ~~was~~margin ~~mainly~~decreased ~~driven~~to by26.5% ~~higher~~in ~~dollar~~the ~~increase~~first inquarter ~~revenue~~of 2023 compared to ~~the~~33.8% ~~increase~~ in ~~operating~~the ~~expenses,~~first ~~partially~~quarter ~~offset~~of byfiscal ~~disposal,~~2022. ~~transportation,~~The ~~and~~lower ~~container~~operating ~~costs~~margin ~~caused~~compared byto ~~extraordinary~~the ~~high inflation. Operating margin for~~ first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of 2022 was ~~17.0%~~mainly ~~compared~~due to ~~24.4%~~a ~~in the first three quarters of 2021. The~~ decrease in ~~operating~~revenue ~~margin~~along ~~was~~with ~~mainly~~increased ~~driven~~labor ~~by higher disposal~~costs, transportation expenses, ~~and~~partially ~~container~~offset ~~costs~~by ~~caused~~lower bycost ~~extraordinary~~of ~~high~~goods ~~inflation~~sold.

~~Oil~~Industrial ~~Business~~and Field Services profit before corporate SG&A expense increased $46.84 million, or 22583.26%, in the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 compared to the ~~third~~first quarter of fiscal ~~2021~~2022. ~~Our~~Operating ~~Oil~~margin ~~Business~~for ~~segment~~first ~~operating~~quarter ~~margin~~of ~~percentage~~2023 ~~decreased~~was ~~to 40~~16.63% incompared to the ~~third~~recast margin ~~quarter~~ of ~~2022 compared to 42~~9.8% in the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~fiscal 2021~~2022. The ~~lower~~first quarter operating margin ~~compared~~is toreflective ~~the~~of ~~third~~a ~~quarter~~permanent ofchange ~~2021~~we ~~was~~made ~~mainly~~during ~~due~~the quarter to anreclassify ~~increase~~certain inlabor ~~transportation~~and ~~related~~benefits ~~expenses,~~cost ~~increased~~in ~~downtime~~our atPatriot business in the ~~re-refinery~~amount ~~and~~of ~~other~~$1.5 ~~inflationary~~million ~~pressures~~from ~~across~~SG&A ~~the~~expense ~~segment~~to ~~which~~Operating ~~offset~~Expense. anWithout ~~improvement~~this inchange ~~the~~our ~~spread~~operating ~~between~~margin for the ~~netback~~first ~~(sales~~quarter ~~price~~would ~~net~~have ofbeen ~~freight~~19.5%. ~~impact)~~The onincrease ~~our~~in ~~base~~operating ~~oil~~margin ~~sales~~was ~~and~~mainly ~~the~~driven ~~price~~by ~~paid/charged~~increased torevenues ~~our~~in ~~customers~~comparison ~~for~~with the ~~removal~~increased in operating costs as a result of ~~their~~the ~~used~~Patriot ~~oil.~~acquisition made during the second half of 2022.

Oil Business profit before corporate SG&A expense increased $24.8 million in the first three quarters of fiscal 2022 compared to the first three quarters of fiscal 2021. The improvement in profitability during the first three quarters of fiscal 2022 compared to the first three quarters of fiscal 2021 was primarily due to the increase in the spread between the netback (sales price net of freight impact) on our base oil sales and the price paid/charged to our customers for the removal of their used oil.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of ~~September 10~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~January 1~~December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents were $2535.73 million and $5622.31 million, respectively. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and funds available to borrow under our revolving bank credit facility.

Debt and Financing Arrangements

On March 18, 2021, Heritage-Crystal Clean, LLC, (the “Company”), entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Agreement"), by and among the Company, its parent, Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc., and the Company’s subsidiaries identified therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. The ~~Agreement~~new ~~replaced the Company's previous Credit~~ Agreement ~~dated~~provides ~~as of February 21, 2017. During the first quarter of fiscal 2021 the Company paid down its previous term loan, in full, of $30.0 million. The Agreement provided~~ for borrowings of up to $100.0 million, in the form of a revolving facility, of which $15 million can be used in the form of a Swing Line loan. The Agreement also provided for up to an additional $50.0 million of borrowings using an accordion feature upon approval of the lenders. On August 3, 2022, the Company entered into an Amendment (Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement "the Amendment") which increased the amount of borrowing under the revolving credit line to $150.0 million. The Company ~~then~~ utilized the credit line to finance $115.0 million of the acquisition of Patriot Environmental Services Inc. (see Note 3). The Amendment ~~now provides for borrowings of up to $150.0 million, in the form of a revolving facility. The Amendment~~ also provides for up to an additional $50.0 million of borrowings under an accordion feature upon approval of the lenders.

Loans made under the Agreement, as amended, may be Base Rate Loans or Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") ~~Rate~~ Loans, at the election of the Borrower subject to certain exceptions. Base Rate Loans have an interest rate equal to (i) the higher of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (b) the SOFR plus a margin of 1%, or (c) Bank of America's prime rate, plus a margin of 1.00%. SOFR rate loans have an interest rate equal to (i) the SOFR rate plus (ii) a variable margin of between 1.50% and 2.25% depending on the Company's total leverage ratio. Amounts borrowed under the Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the Company's tangible and intangible assets. ~~The~~In ~~Company~~August ~~incurred~~2022, ~~$0.8 million of debt issuance costs related to~~ the ~~amended credit agreement. The~~ Company incurred an additional $0.1 million of debt issuance costs related to the amendment of the credit agreement and drawdown.

The Company's weighted average interest rate for all debt for the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ ended ~~September~~March 1031, ~~2022~~2023 was 26.71%.

•An interest coverage ratio (based on interest expense and EBITDA) of at least 3.5 to 1.0;

The Credit Agreement places certain limitations on acquisitions and the payment of dividends.

As of ~~September 10~~March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its Credit Agreement. As of March 31, 2023 and ~~January 1~~December 31, 2022, the Company, had $65.03 million and $5.6 .0 million, of standby letters of credit issued, respectively, and $4454.07 million and $9454.4 0 million was available for borrowing under the ~~revolving~~bank credit ~~line~~facility, respectively.

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, available borrowings, and other sources of financings will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. We cannot assure you that this will be the case or that our assumptions regarding revenues and expenses underlying this belief will be accurate. If, in the future, we require more liquidity than is available to us under our credit facility, we may need to raise additional funds through debt or equity offerings. Adequate funds may not be available when needed or may not be available on

assure you that this will be the case or that our assumptions regarding revenues and expenses underlying this belief will be accurate. If, in the future, we require more liquidity than is available to us under our credit facility, we may need to raise additional funds through debt or equity offerings. Adequate funds may not be available when needed or may not be available on terms favorable to us. If additional funds are raised by issuing equity securities, dilution to existing stockholders may result. If we raise additional funds by obtaining loans from third parties, the terms of those financing arrangements may include negative covenants or other restrictions on our business that could impair our operational flexibility, and would also require us to fund additional interest expense. If funding is insufficient at any time in the future, we may be unable to develop or enhance our products or services, take advantage of business opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Summary of Cash Flow Activity

First Three Quarters Ended,

First Quarter Ended,

(thousands)

~~September~~March 1031,~~2022~~ 2023 (90 days)

~~September~~March 1126,~~2021~~ 2022(84 days)

Net cash provided by (used in):

Operating activities

5825,~~383~~659

6324,~~127~~590

Investing activities

(~~184~~8,~~833~~654)

(219,~~800~~145)

Financing activities

95(3,~~895~~720)

(~~33,629~~648)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

(30,555)

7,698

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

13,285

14,797

The most significant items affecting the comparison of our operating activities for the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 and the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal ~~2021~~2022 are summarized below:

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities —

•Earnings — Our increase in net income during the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of ~~2022~~2023 favorably impacted our net cash provided by operating activities by $~~14.~~3.7 million compared to the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of ~~2021~~2022.

•Accounts Receivable — The ~~increase~~decrease in accounts receivable had ana ~~unfavorable~~favorable impact on cash provided by operating activities of $189.14 million compared to the increase in accounts receivable during in the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal ~~2021~~2022. The favorable decrease in accounts receivable is as a result of lower base oil sales price and increased collection efforts.

•~~Accounts~~Inventory ~~Payable~~ — The increase in ~~accounts~~inventory ~~payable~~ had aan ~~favorable~~unfavorable impact on cash provided by operating activities of $125.89 million compared to the increase in inventory during the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal 2022. The increase in inventory was mainly due to higher volume.

•Accounts Payable — The decrease in accounts payable had an unfavorable impact on cash provided by operating activities of $8.4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease in accounts payable was due to decreases in amounts payable.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities —

•Capital expenditures — We made capital expenditures as follows:

	First Three Quarters Ended,
	First Quarter Ended,
(millions)	~~September~~March 1031,~~2022~~ 2023 (90 days)		~~September~~March 1126,~~2021~~ 2022(84 days)
Re-refinery capital improvements	$	6.4	$	2.4
Facility purchases, construction, and improvements	$	5.1	$	—
Trucks and trailers	3.7		5.9
Re-refinery capital improvements	1.2		2.0
Parts cleaning machines	4.8		3.1
Trucks and trailers	1.9		2.6
Branch replacements and facility improvements	4.8		—
Parts cleaning machines	1.6		1.4
IT projects	0.8		0.3
IT and other corporate projects	0.1		3.1
Various other projects	3.7		0.3
Total	$	9.9	$	9.1
Total	$	24.2	$	12.0

Investments

•During the first three quarters of 2022, the Company invested $157.9 million in the acquisition of Patriot Environmental Services, Inc. which closed on August 3, 2022.

•During the first three quarters of 2022, the Company invested $3.0 million in its battery recycling partner, HBR Retriev Holdco, LLC ("Retriev"). Retriev is a Limited Liability Company that is controlled by the Heritage Group, an affiliate of the Company.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

•During the first three quarters of fiscal 2022, the Company utilized a net $100.0 million borrowing in its revolving line of credit.

•During the first three quarters of fiscal 2021 the Company paid down its previous term loan, in full, of $30.0 million.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to interest rate risks primarily through borrowings under our ~~revolving~~bank ~~line of~~ credit facility. Interest on this facility is based upon variable interest rates. Our weighted average borrowings under our ~~revolving~~bank ~~line of~~ credit facility during the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 was $1790.40 million, and the annual effective interest rate ~~for~~during ~~revolving line of credit for~~ the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal ~~2022~~2023 was 26.71%. We currently do not hedge against interest rate risk. Based on the foregoing, a hypothetical 1.0% increase or decrease in interest rates would have resulted in a ~~change of~~ $0.29 million change to our interest expense in the first ~~three~~quarter ~~quarters~~ of fiscal ~~2022~~2023.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial

Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding financial disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the ~~third~~first quarter ended ~~September 10~~March 31, ~~2022~~2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

3837

PART II

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

~~Environmental~~There ~~Matters~~were no material developments during the first quarter of fiscal 2023 with respect to the legal proceedings previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

On January 19, 2022, a civil enforcement action was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Civil Action No. 1:22-cv-00303: United States of America, Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, and the State of Indiana vs. Heritage-Crystal Clean, LLC (the “Action”). The Action alleged that the Company’s spent solvent recycling programs violate sections 3008(a) and (g) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), 42 U.S.C. § 6928(a) and (g), and Indiana Code Section 13-30-4-1, including that the Company’s used 106 solvent program is not exempt under RCRA, and that some of the waste received by the Company under its non-hazardous 142 solvent program included hazardous waste. The Action further alleged that the Company’s storage and handling of used oil at its Shreveport, Louisiana location was not in full compliance with Louisiana environmental laws. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company reached a tentative agreement in furtherance of a consent decree with members of the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, and Indiana Department of Environmental Management to resolve the Action. Based on the terms of the tentative agreement, the Company has accrued approximately $1.1 million in expenses to related to this Action.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Reference is made to the factors set forth under the caption “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Part I, Item 2 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and other risk factors described in our annual report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2021 filed with the SEC on March 2, 2022, which are incorporated herein by reference. There have not been any material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2021, except as set forth below.

We may not be able to realize the anticipated benefits from our Acquisition of Patriot Environmental Services, Inc. (Patriot)

We may not be able to realize the anticipated benefits from our Acquisition of Patriot. Achieving those benefits depends on the timely, efficient and successful execution of a number of events, including integrating Patriot’s businesses into our company. Factors that could affect our ability to achieve these benefits include:

•The failure of Patriot’s businesses to perform in accordance with our expectations;

•Difficulties in integrating and managing personnel, financial reporting and other systems used by Patriot’s businesses into our company;

•Any future goodwill impairment charges that we may incur with respect to the assets of Patriot;

•Failure to achieve anticipated synergies between our business units and the business units of Patriot;

•The loss of Patriot’s customers or our customers; and

•The loss of any of the key employees of Patriot or our company.

If Patriot’s businesses do not operate as we anticipate, it could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. As part of the Acquisition, we assumed all of Patriot’s liabilities. We may learn additional information about Patriot’s business that adversely affects us, such as unknown or contingent liabilities, issues relating to internal controls over financial reporting and issues relating to compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or other applicable laws. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Acquisition will be successful or will not, in fact, harm our business. Among other things, if Patriot’s liabilities are greater than projected, or if there are obligations of Patriot of which we are not aware at the time of completion of the Acquisition, our business could be materially adversely affected.

The successful integration of Patriot’s businesses into our company will present significant challenges.

We anticipate that the integration of Patriot will place significant demands on our administrative, operational and financial resources, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully integrate Patriot’s businesses into our company. Our failure to successfully integrate Patriot with our company, and to manage the challenges presented by the integration process successfully, may prevent us from achieving the anticipated benefits of the acquisition and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have incurred indebtedness in connection with our Acquisition of Patriot, which could harm our operating flexibility and competitive position.

We initially drew approximately $115 million of indebtedness to finance the Acquisition pursuant to our Credit Agreement and as of September 10, 2022, we had $100 million of indebtedness outstanding under our Credit Agreement as a result of the acquisition of Patriot. The terms of this indebtedness contain limitations on the amount of additional indebtedness that we and

our subsidiaries may incur and places other restrictions on the operation of our business. The indebtedness requires interest and principal payments. Our level of debt as a result of the Acquisition and the limitations imposed on us by our Credit Agreement could adversely affect our operating flexibility and put us at a competitive disadvantage. Our debt level may adversely affect our future performance, because, among other things:

•We may be placed at a competitive disadvantage relative to our competitors, some of which may have lower debt service obligations and greater financial resources than we do;

•Our ability to complete future acquisitions may be limited;

•We will have to use a portion of our cash flow for debt service rather than for operations;

•We may not be able to obtain further debt financing beyond our current credit agreement;

•We may not be able to take advantage of future business opportunities;

•The indebtedness bears interest at variable interest rates, making us vulnerable to increases in interest rates; and

•We may be more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of principal, to pay interest on, or to refinance our indebtedness and to satisfy our finance lease obligations will depend upon our future operating performance, which may be affected by factors beyond our control. In addition, there can be no assurance that future borrowings or equity financing will be available to us on favorable terms or at all for the payment or refinancing of our indebtedness. If we are unable to service our indebtedness, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

2.1			Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 29, 2022, by and between Heritage-Crystal Clean, LLC and Channel PES Acquisition Co., LLC (incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022)+
10.1			Amendment No.1 to Credit Agreement (the "Amendment"), by and among the Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc., Heritage-Crystal Clean, LLC and the subsidiaries identified therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association**
31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S. Code Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S. Code Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*			XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB*			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

+*In ~~Schedules,~~accordance ~~annexes~~with ~~and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of~~ Regulation S-K.T, ~~The~~the ~~Company~~XBRL-related ~~agrees~~information toin ~~furnish~~Exhibits ~~supplementary~~101 to ~~the~~this ~~SEC~~Quarterly aReport ~~copy~~on ofForm ~~any~~10-Q ~~omitted~~shall ~~schedule,~~be ~~annex~~deemed orto ~~exhibit~~be ~~upon~~"furnished" ~~request~~and not "filed."

* In accordance with Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibits 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall be deemed to be "furnished" and not "filed."38

** Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit upon request by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

HERITAGE-CRYSTAL CLEAN, INC.

Date:	~~October~~May 199, ~~2022~~2023	By:	/s/ Mark DeVita
			Mark DeVita
			Chief Financial Officer
			Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer

4139

Filing Compare · Heritage-Crystal Clean, Inc.