UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

__________________________

FORM 10-Q

__________________________

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

			For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-33493

____________________________________________________________________________________

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________________________________________________________


Cayman Islands			N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. employer identification no.)
65 Market Street
Suite 1207, Jasmine Court
P.O. Box 31110
Camana Bay
Grand Cayman
Cayman Islands			KY1-1205
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip code)

(205) 291-3440

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares	GLRE	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)

Yes ☐ No ☒

At ~~May~~August 21, 2025, there were 34,~~555~~198,~~431~~153 ordinary shares outstanding, $0.10 par value per share, of the registrant.

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Note on Forward-Looking Statements	3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	7
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	2224
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	3843
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	3944
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	4045
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	4045
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4045
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	4045
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	4045
Item 5.	Other Information	4046
Item 6.	Exhibits	4146
SIGNATURES		4146

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

NOTE OF FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (herein referred as “Form 10-Q”) of Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. (“Greenlight Capital Re,” “Company,” “us,” “we,” or “our”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements, other than statements of historical facts included in this report, including statements regarding estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives, and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements”. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements in the United States (“U.S.”) federal securities laws established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “predict,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections, and various assumptions, many of which, are inherently uncertain and beyond management’s control.

Forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q may include, but are not limited to, information regarding our estimates for catastrophes and weather-related losses (herein referred as “CAT losses”), measurements of potential losses in the fair market value of our investments, our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, the outcome of our strategic initiatives, our expectations regarding pricing, and other market and economic conditions including inflation, our growth prospects, and valuations of the potential impact of movements in interest rates, equity securities’ prices, and foreign currency exchange rates.

Forward-looking statements only reflect our expectations and are not guarantees of performance. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those indicated in such statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to:

•any suspension or revocation of any of our licenses;

•losses from catastrophes and other major events;

•a downgrade or withdrawal of our A.M. Best ratings;

•the loss of significant brokers; and

•those described under “Item 1A, Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 10, 2025 (“2024 Form 10-K”), which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether due to new information, future events, or otherwise. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only to the dates they were made.

We intend to communicate certain events that we believe may have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position, including property and casualty catastrophic events and material losses in our investment portfolio, in a timely manner through a public announcement. Other than as required by the Exchange Act, we do not intend to make public announcements regarding underwriting or investment events that we do not believe, based on management’s estimates and current information, will have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position.

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

~~March~~June 3130, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024

(expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share and share amounts)

	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Investments
Investment in related party investment fund, at fair value	$	~~435~~461,~~341~~265	$	387,144
Other investments	7376,~~266~~036		73,160
Total investments	~~508~~537,~~607~~301		460,304
Cash and cash equivalents	4782,~~477~~362		64,685
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	~~595~~576,~~282~~698		584,402
Reinsurance balances receivable (see Note 15)	768,711		704,483
Reinsurance balances receivable (Note 15)	755,296		704,483
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable (see Note 8)	87,963		85,790
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable (Note 8)	93,971		85,790
Deferred acquisition costs	9698,~~759~~816		82,249
Unearned premiums ceded	3836,~~895~~623		29,545
Other assets	86,~~402~~957		4,765
Total assets	$	2,~~152~~188,~~096~~024	$	2,016,223
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	$	~~916~~944,~~600~~985	$	860,969
Unearned premium reserves	~~384~~383,~~311~~424		324,551
Reinsurance balances payable	93106,~~730~~103		105,892
Funds withheld	2122,~~825~~577		21,878
Other liabilities	8,~~992~~728		6,305
Debt	5958,~~834~~889		60,749
Total liabilities	1,~~485~~524,~~292~~706		1,380,344
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)
Shareholders' equity
Preferred share capital (par value $0.10; none issued)	—		—
Ordinary share capital (par value $0.10; issued and outstanding, 34,557,449) (2024: par value $0.10; issued and outstanding, 34,831,324)	3,456		3,483
Ordinary share capital (par value $0.10; issued and outstanding, 34,198,153) (2024: par value $0.10; issued and outstanding, 34,831,324)	3,420		3,483
Additional paid-in capital	~~482~~479,~~876~~097		481,551
Retained earnings	180,~~472~~801		150,845
Total shareholders' equity	~~666~~663,~~804~~318		635,879
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,~~152~~188,~~096~~024	$	2,016,223

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an

integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

For the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024

(expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share and share amounts)

			Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenues
Gross premiums written	$	179,628	$	168,975	$	~~247~~427,~~945~~573	$	~~217~~386,~~258~~233
Gross premiums ceded	(15,101)		(14,832)		(2843,~~548~~649)		(2338,~~181~~013)
Net premiums written	164,527		154,143		~~219~~383,~~397~~924		~~194~~348,~~077~~220
Change in net unearned premium reserves	(2,886)		4,255		(5053,~~934~~820)		(3228,~~541~~286)
Net premiums earned	161,641		158,398		~~168~~330,~~463~~104		~~161~~319,~~536~~934
Income from investment in related party investment fund (net of related party expenses - Note 3)					32,197		18,248
Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund (Note 3)	(18,276)		4,330		13,921		22,578
Net investment income	10,470		10,948		818,~~287~~757		1324,~~178~~126
Foreign exchange gains (losses)	6,271		(932)		410,~~355~~626		(12,~~649~~581)
Total revenues					213,302		191,313
Other income	—		2,119		—		2,119
Total revenues	160,106		174,863		373,408		366,176
Expenses
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred	100,079		102,033		~~122~~222,~~884~~963		~~109~~211,~~326~~359
Acquisition costs	46,848		50,454		4693,~~866~~714		4192,~~610~~064
Underwriting expenses	6,481		5,811		612,~~358~~839		612,~~339~~150
Corporate and other expenses	4,755		4,706		49,~~672~~427		49,~~375~~081
Deposit interest expense	124		1,886		~~149~~273		~~876~~2,762
Interest expense	1,144		1,560		12,~~464~~608		12,~~249~~809
Total expenses	159,431		166,450		~~182~~341,~~393~~824		~~163~~330,~~775~~225
Income before income tax	675		8,413		3031,~~909~~584		2735,~~538~~951
Income tax expense	(346)		(435)		(1,~~282~~628)		(~~519~~954)
Net income	$	329	$	7,978	$	29,~~627~~956	$	2734,~~019~~997
Earnings per share ("EPS"):
Basic	$	0.01	$	0.23	$	0.8788	$	01.7902
Diluted	$	0.01	$	0.23	$	0.8687	$	01.7801
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the determination of EPS:
Basic	33,969,716		34,238,863		33,~~949~~960,~~967~~643		34,~~272~~255,~~230~~454
Diluted	34,423,679		34,699,182		34,~~418~~479,~~262~~351		34,~~653~~679,~~381~~325

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an

integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

For the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024

(expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)

			Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Ordinary share capital
Balance - beginning of period	$	3,456	$	3,532	$	3,483	$	3,534
Forfeited shares, net of issued shares	—		—		(27)		(2)
Balance - end of period					3,456		3,532
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(36)		—		(36)		—
Balance - end of period	3,420		3,532		3,420		3,532
Additional paid-in capital
Balance - beginning of period	482,876		485,878		481,551		484,532
Share-based compensation expense					1,325		1,346
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(4,964)		—		(4,964)		—
Balance - end of period					482,876		485,878
Share-based compensation expense	1,185		1,584		2,510		2,930
Balance - end of period	479,097		487,462		479,097		487,462
Retained earnings
Balance - beginning of period	180,472		135,048		150,845		108,029
Net income	329		7,978		29,~~627~~956		2734,~~019~~997
Balance - end of period	180,801		143,026		180,~~472~~801		~~135~~143,~~048~~026
Total shareholders' equity	$	663,318	$	634,020	$	~~666~~663,~~804~~318	$	~~624~~634,~~458~~020

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an

integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024

(expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)

	Three months ended March 31
	Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	29,~~627~~956	$	2734,~~019~~997
Adjustments to reconcile net income or loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Income from investments in related party investment fund	(3213,~~197~~921)		(1822,~~248~~578)
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on other investments	(~~111~~144)		~~413~~324
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivatives	6426		(~~472~~565)
Share-based compensation expense	12,~~298~~483		12,~~344~~928
Accretion of debt offering costs, net of change in interest accruals	2315		~~123~~190
Net change in:
Reinsurance balances receivable	(6450,~~228~~813)		(7467,~~341~~342)
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable	(28,~~173~~181)		(1932,~~078~~960)
Deferred acquisition costs	(1416,~~510~~567)		(43,~~935~~349)
Unearned premiums ceded	(97,~~350~~078)		(710,~~941~~923)
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	5584,~~631~~016		6991,~~101~~203
Unearned premium reserves	5958,~~760~~873		42,~~321~~705
Reinsurance balances payable	~~(12,162)~~211		27,~~657~~270
Funds withheld	~~(53)~~699		~~3,507~~977
Other items, net	(~~1,240~~756)		(32,~~510~~208)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1078,~~379~~819		1740,~~960~~669
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from redemptions of investment in Solasglas	14,000		—
Contributions to investment in Solasglas	(3074,~~000~~200)		(3070,000)
Purchases of other investments	(2,737)		(414)
Proceeds on disposal of other investments	5		168
Net cash used in investing activities	(1562,~~995~~932)		(2970,~~832~~246)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayment of Term Loans	(~~938~~1,875)		(~~938~~11,876)
Net cash used in financing activities	(938)		(938)
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(5,000)		—
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	226		(114)
Net cash used in financing activities	(6,875)		(11,876)
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(6,328)		(12,924)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	961		(107)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	9,973		(41,560)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	649,087		655,730
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	~~642~~659,~~759~~060	$	~~642~~614,~~806~~170
Supplementary information
Supplementary information:
Interest paid in cash	$	12,~~362~~535	$	13,~~724~~315
Income tax paid (refund received) in cash	(9)		—
Income tax paid in cash	44		153

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an

integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

~~March~~June 3130, 2025

1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization

Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. (“GLRE” and, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the “Company”) was incorporated as an exempted company under the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands on July 13, 2004. The Company is a global specialty property and casualty reinsurer headquartered in the Cayman Islands. The ordinary shares of GLRE are listed on Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GLRE.”

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (the “financial statements”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K. The financial statements include the accounts of GLRE and the consolidated financial statements of its wholly-owned subsidiaries and all significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations as at the end of and for the periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

Tabular dollars are in thousands, with the exception of per share amounts or otherwise noted. All amounts are reported in U.S. dollars.

Reclassifications

The following amounts in the prior period condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current condensed consolidated financial statements:

•The Company has reported separately “Underwriting expenses” from “Corporate and other expenses” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, which were previously combined and reported as “General and administrative expenses”. This resulted in no change to the previously reported total expenses or net income.

•The Company has reclassified investment-related income from Lloyd’s syndicates, which was previously presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations under the caption “Other income, net”, to “Net investment income”. This resulted in no change to the previously reported total revenues or net income.

•During 2025, the Company updated its definition of CAT event loss to be any individual CAT loss in excess of $5 million, net of reinsurance recoveries. For the various U.S. tornadoes (including severe convective storms), the Company has aggregated these and reported the total as CAT loss in Note 7 and under the “Corporate” column in the segment reporting tables in Note 16. Accordingly, the comparative prior year CAT loss disclosures have been recast to conform with this change.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There were no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies subsequent to its 2024 Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes Topic (740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which provides more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. While early adoption is permitted, a public company should apply the amendments prospectively. This ASU is effective for the Company’s 2025 year-end financial statements.

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Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). This ASU 2024-03 requires more detailed disclosures about the type of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, and depreciation / amortization) in commonly presented expense captions in the consolidated income statements (e.g. cost of sales, general and administrative expenses, and research and development). ASU 2024-03 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted.

The Company is currently evaluating the disclosure impact of the above new ASUs.

3. INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss relating to Solasglas Investments, LP (“Solasglas”) is limited to GLRE's share of Partners’ capital in Solasglas. At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, GLRE’s share of Partners’ capital in Solasglas was $~~435~~461.3 million (December 31, 2024: $387.1 million), representing 7779.87% (December 31, 2024: 77.9%) of Solasglas’ total net assets. DME Advisors II, LLC held the remaining 2220.23% (December 31, 2024: 22.1%) of Solasglas’ total net assets.

The Company’s share of the net increase in Partner’s capital for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 was $3213.29 million (~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2024: a net increase of $1822.26 million), as shown in the caption “Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund” in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The summarized financial statements of Solasglas are presented below.

Summarized Statements of Financial Condition of Solasglas Investments, LP

March 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

June 30, 2025

December 31, 2024

Assets

Investments, at fair value

~~526~~569,~~047~~600

504,828

Derivative contracts, at fair value

3525,~~843~~054

8,925

Due from brokers

~~264~~382,~~229~~603

188,296

Cash and cash equivalents

~~27,375~~—

40,354

Interest and dividends receivable

~~294~~401

1,536

Total assets

~~853~~977,~~788~~658

743,939

Liabilities and partners’ capital

Liabilities

Investments sold short, at fair value

(~~287~~385,~~314~~614)

(234,977)

Derivative contracts, at fair value

(311,~~498~~337)

(4,452)

Capital withdrawals payable

—(50)

(4,000)

Due to brokers

(~~1,429~~85)

—

Interest and dividends payable

(1,~~468~~437)

(3,218)

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

(~~404~~350)

(180)

Total liabilities

(~~294~~398,~~113~~873)

(246,827)

Partners' capital

~~559~~578,~~675~~785

497,112

GLRE’s share of Partners' capital

~~435~~461,~~341~~265

387,144

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Summarized Statements of Operations of Solasglas Investments, LP

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Investment income
Dividend income (net of withholding taxes)	$	12,~~490~~687	$	~~831~~941	$	4,177	$	1,772
Interest income	34,~~627~~822		42,~~352~~148		8,449		6,500
Total Investment income	57,~~117~~509		53,~~183~~089		12,626		8,272
Expenses
Management fee	(1,~~730~~756)		(1,~~323~~408)		(3,486)		(2,731)
Interest	(13,~~701~~770)		(~~1,334~~736)		(5,471)		(2,070)
Dividends	(~~761~~916)		(~~704~~731)		(1,677)		(1,435)
Research and operating	(~~485~~486)		(~~324~~335)		(971)		(659)
Total expenses	(46,~~677~~928)		(3,~~685~~210)		(11,605)		(6,895)
Net investment income	440		1,498
Net investment income (loss)	581		(121)		1,021		1,377
Realized and change in unrealized gains (losses)
Net realized gain (loss)	19,105		42,945
Net realized gain	36,584		20,085		55,689		63,030
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation)	27(62,~~018~~256)		(1613,~~245~~138)		(35,238)		(29,383)
Net gain on investment transactions	46,123		26,700
Net gain (loss) on investment transactions	(25,672)		6,947		20,451		33,647
Net increase in Partners' capital (1)	$	46,563	$	28,198
Net increase (decrease) in Partners' capital (1)	$	(25,091)	$	6,826	$	21,472	$	35,024
GLRE’s share of the increase in Partners' capital	$	32,197	$	18,248
GLRE’s share of the increase (decrease) in Partners' capital	$	(18,276)	$	4,330	$	13,921	$	22,578

(1) The net increase in Partners’ capital is net of management fees and performance allocation presented below:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Management fees	$	1,~~730~~756	$	1,~~323~~408	$	3,486	$	2,731
Performance allocation	3(2,~~578~~031)		~~2,028~~481		1,547		2,509
Total	$	~~5,308~~(275)	$	31,~~351~~889	$	5,033	$	5,240

4. OTHER INVESTMENTS

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the breakdown of the Company’s other investments was as follows:

	Cost		Unrealizedgains		Unrealizedlosses		Accrued interest		Fair value / carrying value
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	2830,~~111~~476	$	5152,~~559~~808	$	(78,~~697~~912)	$	—	$	7174,~~973~~372
Debt and convertible debt securities	23,~~713~~084		—		(1,~~510~~499)		9079		1,~~293~~664
Total other investments	$	3033,~~824~~560	$	5152,~~559~~808	$	(910,~~207~~411)	$	9079	$	7376,~~266~~036

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At December 31, 2024, the breakdown of the Company’s other investments was as follows:


	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Accrued interest		Fair value / carrying value
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	28,111	$	51,076	$	(7,320)	$	—	$	71,867
Debt and convertible debt securities	2,713		—		(1,510)		90		1,293

Total other investments	$	30,824	$	51,076	$	(8,830)	$	90	$	73,160

The following table presents the carrying values of the private investments and unlisted equity securities carried under the measurement alternative at ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024, and the related adjustments recorded during the periods then ended.

	Three months ended March 31
	Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024
Carrying value (1)	$	7174,~~973~~372	$	71,~~577~~866
Upward carrying value changes (2)	$	~~483~~1,747	$	~~419~~501
Downward carrying value changes and impairment (3)	$	(~~377~~1,597)	$	(114)

(1) The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.

(2) The cumulative upward carrying value changes from inception to ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, totaled $5455.02 million.

(3) The cumulative downward carrying value changes and impairments from inception to ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, totaled $1011.13 million.

Net investment income

The following table summarizes the change in unrealized gains (losses) and the realized gains (losses) for the Company’s other investments, which are included in “Net investment income” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (see Note 13):

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Gross realized gains	$	5—	$	—	$	5	$	—
Gross realized losses	—		~~(1,332)~~—		—		(1,332)
Net realized gains (losses)	$	5—	$	~~(1,332)~~—	$	5	$	(1,332)
Change in unrealized gains	~~106~~33		~~919~~89		139		1,008
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments	$	~~111~~33	$	~~(413)~~89	$	144	$	(324)

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5. RESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

The following table shows the breakdown of the Company’s restricted cash and cash equivalents, along with a reconciliation of the total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Restricted cash and cash equivalents:
Cash securing trust accounts	$	~~260~~253,~~210~~125	$	256,796
Cash securing letters of credit issued	~~319~~307,~~316~~463		312,855
Cash securing Loan Facility	10,000		10,000
Other	56,~~756~~110		4,751
Total restricted cash and cash equivalents	~~595~~576,~~282~~698		584,402
Cash and cash equivalents	4782,~~477~~362		64,685
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	~~642~~659,~~759~~060	$	649,087

6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company held $6467.32 million (December 31, 2024: $63.4 million) of private investments and unlisted equities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company held $7.61 million (December 31, 2024: $8.5 million) of private investments and unlisted equities measured at cost. The Company classifies these investments as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

The following table summarizes the periods between the most recent fair value measurement dates and ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, for the private and unlisted equities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

Less than 6 months

6 to 12 months

Over 1 year

Total

Fair values measured on a nonrecurring basis

154,~~066~~376

923,~~535~~380

39,~~747~~484

6467,~~348~~240

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis

Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses interest rate swaps in connection with its risk management activities to hedge 50% of the interest rate risk relating to the outstanding Term Loans (see Note 9). The interest rate swaps are carried at fair value and are determined using a market approach valuation technique based on significant observable market inputs from third-party pricing vendors. Accordingly, the interest rates swaps are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. These derivative instruments are not designated as accounting hedges under U.S. GAAP.

For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024 , the Company recognized ana nominal amount of unrealized loss for the above derivatives ofand $0.16 million ~~and~~of an unrealized gain ~~of $0.5 million~~, respectively, which is included in interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, at Fair Value

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the carrying value of debt and convertible debt securities within “Other Investments” (see Note 4) and the Term Loans approximates their fair values. The Company classifies these financial instruments as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

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7. LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES

The Company’s loss and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) reserves were composed of the following:

	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Case reserves	$	~~230~~242,~~182~~033	$	230,633
IBNR	~~686~~702,~~418~~952		630,336
Total	$	~~916~~944,~~600~~985	$	860,969

Reserve Roll-forward

The following provides a summary of changes in outstanding loss and LAE reserves for all lines of business:

Consolidated

~~Three~~Six months ended ~~March~~June 3130

2025

2024

Gross balance at January 1

860,969

661,554

Less: Losses recoverable

(85,790)

(25,687)

Net balance at January 1

775,179

635,867

Incurred losses related to:

Current year

~~118~~215,~~666~~698

~~103~~206,~~925~~647

Prior years

47,~~218~~265

54,~~401~~712

Total incurred

~~122~~222,~~884~~963

~~109~~211,~~326~~359

Paid losses related to:

Current year

(615,~~352~~445)

(320,~~525~~677)

Prior years

(75161,~~203~~261)

(53129,~~343~~716)

Total paid

(81176,~~555~~706)

(56150,~~868~~393)

Foreign exchange and translation adjustment

1229,~~129~~578

(2,~~435~~723)

Net balance at March 31

828,637

685,890

Net balance at June 30

851,014

694,110

Add: Losses recoverable (see Note 8)

8793,~~963~~971

4458,~~765~~647

Gross balance at March 31

916,600

730,655

Gross balance at June 30

944,985

752,757

Estimates for Catastrophe Events

At ~~March 31~~June 30, 2025, the Company’s net reserves for losses and LAE include estimated amounts for catastrophe and weather-related events (the “CAT losses”). The magnitude and volume of losses arising from these events is inherently uncertain, and, consequently, actual losses for these events may ultimately differ, potentially materially, from current estimates.

CAT events in 2025

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company incurred CAT losses of $27.0 million relating to the California wildfires.

CAT events in 2024

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2024, the Company incurred CAT losses of $1217.47 million driven mainly by the Baltimore Bridge collapse and the U.S. tornadoes (including severe convective storms).

Prior Year Reserve Development

The Company’s net favorable (adverse) prior year development arises from changes to estimates for losses and LAE related to loss events that occurred in previous calendar years. ~~The following table presents net prior year reserve development by segment and consolidated:~~

The following table presents net prior year reserve development by segment and consolidated for the respective periods.

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	Favorable (Adverse)
	Open Market		Innovations		Total Segments		Corporate		Total Consolidated
Three months ended March 31, 2025	$	(4,896)	$	567	$	(4,329)	$	111	$	(4,218)
Six months ended June 30, 2025	$	(3,955)	$	(1,964)	$	(5,919)	$	(1,346)	$	(7,265)
Three months ended March 31, 2024	$	(1,473)	$	1	$	(1,472)	$	(3,929)	$	(5,401)
Six months ended June 30, 2024	$	(1,533)	$	1,642	$	109	$	(4,821)	$	(4,712)

Open Market Segment:

•The net adverse reserve development for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 was composed of $2332.20 million of reserve strengthening predominantly on the casualty line (various underwriting years) due to current economic and social inflation trends, in addition to worse than expected loss emergence for the financial line (2021, 2023 and 2024 underwriting years) relating to the transactional liability business, and for the multiline business (2023-2024 underwriting years) relating to the commercial auto business. This was partially offset by $1828.30 million of favorable reserve development on property (mostly 2024 underwriting year) and specialty lines (mostly 2022-2024 underwriting years) due to better than expected loss emergence.

•The net adverse reserve development for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2024 was composed of $410.1 million of reserve strengthening predominantly on the casualty line (~~2015-2017~~various underwriting years) ~~and specialty line (2022-2023 underwriting years)~~ due to current economic and social inflation trends. This was partially offset by $28.75 million of favorable reserve development predominantly on financial line (various underwriting years), multiline business (~~various~~predominantly 2021-2022 underwriting years), and specialty line (mostly 2021-2022 underwriting years) due to better than expected loss emergence.

Innovations Segment:

•The net ~~favorable~~adverse reserve development for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 was ~~due~~composed toof ~~better~~$2.3 ~~than~~million ~~expected~~of ~~loss~~reserve ~~emergence~~strengthening predominantly on ~~multiline~~the ~~and~~financial ~~specialty~~line ~~lines~~ (2022-2023 underwriting years) due to higher volume of claims than expected. This was partially offset by $0.4 million of favorable reserve development predominantly on the multiline business.

•The net favorable reserve development for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was composed of $2.1 million due to better than expected loss emergence on health line (various underwriting years) and multiline business (predominantly 2023 underwriting years). This was partially offset by $0.4 million of reserve strengthening on the specialty business.

Corporate - Runoff Business:

Corporate represents the Innovations related property runoff business. The ~~favorable (adverse)~~ prior year adverse reserve development for the above periods relate to CAT losses driven by the U.S. tornados (2021-2023 underwriting years).

8. RETROCESSION

The following table provides a breakdown of ceded reinsurance:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Gross ceded premiums	$	2815,~~548~~101	$	2314,~~181~~832	$	43,649	$	38,013
Earned ceded premiums	$	1917,~~292~~309	$	1511,~~242~~849	$	36,601	$	27,091
Loss and loss adjustment expenses ceded	$	69,~~656~~006	$	2314,~~076~~773	$	15,662	$	37,849

Retrocession contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to its cedents. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company.

The following table shows a breakdown of losses recoverable on a gross and net of collateral basis:

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	March 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Gross		Net of Collateral(1)		Gross		Net of Collateral(1)
A- or better by A.M. Best	$	84,122	$	66,730	$	82,181	$	63,979
Not rated	4,341		1,128		4,109		2,027
Total before provision	88,463		$	67,858	$	86,290	$	66,006
Provision for credit losses	(500)				(500)
Total loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, net	$	87,963			$	85,790

The following table shows a breakdown of losses recoverable on a gross and net of collateral basis:


	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Gross		Net of Collateral(1)		Gross		Net of Collateral(1)
A- or better by A.M. Best	$	91,323	$	73,941	$	82,181	$	63,979
Not rated	3,148		556		4,109		2,027
Total before provision	$	94,471	$	74,497	$	86,290	$	66,006
Provision for credit losses	(500)				(500)
Total loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, net	$	93,971			$	85,790

(1) Collateral is in the form of cash, letters of credit, funds withheld, and/or cash collateral held in trust accounts. This excludes any excess collateral in order to disclose the aggregate net exposure for each retrocessionaire.

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, we had 3 reinsurers (December 31, 2024: 3) that accounted for 10% or more of the total loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, net of the credit loss provision, for an aggregate gross amount of $4953.63 million (December 31, 2024: $49.5 million).

9. DEBT AND CREDIT FACILITIES

Debt Obligations

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding debt obligations.

	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Term loans	$	5958,~~375~~438	$	60,313
Accrued interest payable	~~877~~805		923
Less: deferred financing costs	(~~418~~354)		(487)
Total debt	$	5958,~~834~~889	$	60,749

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company partially repaid $01.9 million of the outstanding Term loans.

Credit Facilities

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company had the following letter of credit (“LC”) facilities:

	Capacity		LCs issued		Termination Date
Citibank	$	275,000	$	~~203~~191,~~136~~150	December 19, 2025
CIBC	200,000		116,~~047~~121		December 31, 2025
HSBC	$100,000	~~100,000~~	$—	—	December 17, 2025
	$	575,000	$	~~319~~307,~~183~~271

The above LCs issued are cash collateralized (see Note 5). The LC facilities are subject to various customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants. At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all LC facilities covenants.

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10. SHARE CAPITAL

Ordinary Shares

The Company’s authorized share capital is 125,000,000 ordinary shares, par value of $0.10 per share.

The following table is a summary of changes in ordinary shares issued and outstanding for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024:

	2025	2024
Balance – beginning of period	34,831,324	35,336,732
Issue of shares for vested RSUs (see Note 11)	100,793	74,357
Forfeiture of restricted shares (see Note 11)	(~~374~~376,~~668~~686)	(89,945)
Balance – end of period	34,557,449	35,321,144
Repurchase of ordinary shares	(357,278)	—
Balance – end of period	34,198,153	35,321,144

Share Repurchase Plan

On May 2, 2025, the Board of Directors re-approved the share repurchase plan, until June 30, 2026, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $25.0 million of ordinary shares in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or Rule 10b5-1 stock trading plans. Any shares repurchased are canceled immediately upon repurchase. For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, ~~and~~the ~~2024~~Company repurchased 357,278 ~~there~~ordinary shares for $5.0 million. There was no share repurchase offor ~~ordinary~~the ~~shares~~same period in 2024.

Preferred Shares

The Company’s authorized share capital also consists of 50,000,000 preference shares with a par value of $0.10 each. At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company has no issued and outstanding preferred shares.

11. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Refer to Note 11 of the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements of its 2024 Form 10-K for a summary of the Company’s 2023 Incentive Plan, including the definition of performance-based and service-based stock awards.

Employee and Director Restricted Shares

The following table summarizes the activity for unvested outstanding restricted share awards (“RSs”) during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024:

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	Performance Restricted Shares			Service Restricted Shares
	Number ofnon-vestedrestricted shares	Weighted averagegrant datefair value		Number ofnon-vestedrestricted shares	Weighted averagegrant datefair value
Balance at December 31, 2023	1,042,688	$	9.94	419,604	$	9.18
Granted	—	—		—	—
Vested	—	—		(217,522)	8.78
Forfeited	(89,945)	10.84		—	—
Balance at March 31, 2024	952,743	$	9.86	202,082	$	9.61
Balance at June 30, 2024	952,743	$	9.86	202,082	$	9.61
Balance at December 31, 2024	944,587	$	9.87	191,556	$	9.96
Granted	—	—		—	—
Vested	(222,532)	9.65		(75,667)	8.08
Forfeited	(~~372~~374,~~966~~474)	9.08		(12,~~702~~212)	9.85
Balance at March 31, 2025	349,089	$	10.87	114,187	$	11.20
Balance at June 30, 2025	347,581	$	10.87	113,677	$	11.21

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, 2,~~931~~935,~~783~~178 (December 31, 2024: 2,834,519) ordinary shares remained available for future issuance under the Company’s 2023 Incentive Plan.

For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the total fair value of Performance and Service RSs vested was $4.2 million, respectively (2024: $1.9 million, respectively).

Employee Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activity for unvested outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024:

	Performance RSUs			Service RSUs
	Number ofnon-vestedRSUs	Weighted averagegrant datefair value		Number ofnon-vestedRSUs	Weighted averagegrant datefair value
Balance at December 31, 2023	154,445	$	8.03	110,425	$	8.78
Granted	258,148	11.85		124,425	11.85
Vested	—	—		(74,357)	8.84
Forfeited	—	—		—	—
Balance at March 31, 2024	412,593	$	10.42	160,493	$	11.14
Balance at June 30, 2024	412,593	$	10.42	160,493	$	11.14
Balance at December 31, 2024	403,526	$	10.43	149,834	$	11.14
Granted	185,551	13.16		149,435	13.16
Vested	(38,752)	6.82		(62,041)	10.46
Forfeited	(54,~~048~~635)	7.0611		(34,~~534~~326)	11.85
Balance at March 31, 2025	496,277	$	12.10	233,694	$	12.60
Balance at June 30, 2025	495,690	$	12.10	232,902	$	12.60

For the awards granted during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Service RSUs vest evenly over three years on January 1, subject to the grantee’s continued service with the Company. If performance goals are achieved, the Performance RSUs will cliff vest at the end of a three-year performance period within a range of 0% and 200% of the awarded Performance RSUs, with a target of 100%.

For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the total fair value of Performance and Service RSUs vested was $1.4 million, (2024: $0.7 million).

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Stock Compensation Expense

For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, the Company recorded $12.35 million (2024: $12.39 million) of total stock compensation expense (net of forfeitures), respectively. ~~The~~ ~~stock compensation expense is included in “General and administrative expenses” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.~~ Forfeiture recoveries were immaterial for both periods.

12. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table reconciles net income and weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024:

			Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Numerator for EPS:
Net income - basic	$	329	$	7,978	$	29,~~627~~956	$	2734,~~019~~997
Net income - diluted	$	329	$	7,978	$	29,~~627~~956	$	2734,~~019~~997
Denominator for EPS:
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	33,969,716		34,238,863		33,~~949~~960,~~967~~643		34,~~272~~255,~~230~~454
Effect of dilutive employee and director share-based awards	453,963		460,319		~~468~~518,~~295~~708		~~381~~423,~~151~~871
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	34,423,679		34,699,182		34,~~418~~479,~~262~~351		34,~~653~~679,~~381~~325
Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding	620,319		902,140		620,319		902,140
EPS:
Basic	$	0.01	$	0.23	$	0.8788	$	01.7902
Diluted	$	0.01	$	0.23	$	0.8687	$	01.7801

13. NET INVESTMENT INCOME

The following table provides a breakdown of net investment income:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest and dividend income, net of withholding taxes and other expenses	$	6,~~635~~667	$	8,~~556~~135	$	13,302	$	16,691
Investment income from Lloyd's syndicates	13,~~541~~770		52,~~035~~724		5,311		7,759
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments (see Note 4)	~~111~~33		~~(413)~~89		144		(324)
Net investment income	810,~~287~~470		1310,~~178~~948		18,757		24,126
Share of Solasglas' net income (see Note 3)	32,197		18,248
Share of Solasglas' net income (loss) (see Note 3)	(18,276)		4,330		13,921		22,578
Total investment income	$	40,484	$	31,426
Total investment income (loss)	$	(7,806)	$	15,278	$	32,678	$	46,704

14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Investment Advisory Agreement

There has been no change to the Company’s investment advisory agreement with Solasglas as described in its 2024 Form 10-K. Refer to Note 3 for a breakdown of management fees and performance fees for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024.

Green Brick Partners, Inc.

David Einhorn also serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Green Brick Partners, Inc. (“GRBK”), a publicly-traded company. At June 30, 2025, Solasglas, along with certain affiliates of DME Advisors, collectively owned 23.5% of the issued and outstanding common shares of GRBK. Under applicable securities laws, DME Advisors may sometimes be limited in its ability to trade GRBK shares held in Solasglas. At June 30, 2025, Solasglas held 0.8 million shares of GRBK.

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Green Brick Partners, Inc.

David Einhorn also serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Green Brick Partners, Inc. (“GRBK”), a publicly-traded company. At March 31, 2025, Solasglas, along with certain affiliates of DME Advisors, collectively owned 23.2% of the issued and outstanding common shares of GRBK. Under applicable securities laws, DME Advisors may sometimes be limited in its ability to trade GRBK shares held in Solasglas. At March 31, 2025, Solasglas held 0.8 million shares of GRBK.

Service Agreement

The Company has entered into a service agreement with DME Advisors, pursuant to which DME Advisors provides certain investor relations services to the Company for compensation of five thousand dollars per month (plus expenses). The agreement automatically renews annually until terminated by either the Company or DME Advisors for any reason with 30 days prior written notice to the other party.

Collateral Assets Investment Management Agreement

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company (and its subsidiaries) entered into a collateral assets investment management agreement (the “CMA”) with DME Advisors, pursuant to which DME Advisors manages certain assets of the Company that are not subject to the Solasglas LPA and are held by the Company to provide collateral required by the cedents in the form of trust accounts and letters of credit. In accordance with the CMA, DME Advisors receives no fees and is required to comply with the collateral investment guidelines. The CMA can be terminated by any of the parties upon 30 days’ prior written notice to the other parties.

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

a) Concentration of Credit Risk

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company monitors its concentration of credit risk with financial institutions and limits acceptable counterparties based on current rating, outlook and other relevant factors.

Investments

The Company’s credit risk exposure to private debt and convertible debt securities within its “Other investments” are immaterial (see Note 4).

Reinsurance balances receivable, net

The following table shows the breakdown of reinsurance balances receivable:

	March 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Amount		%		Amount		%
Premiums receivable	$	~~285~~273,~~039~~902	3736.13	%	$	253,627	36.0	%
Funds withheld:
Funds held by cedants	5551,~~112~~402		76.28	%	58,183		8.3	%
Premiums held by Lloyds' syndicates	314,~~605~~910		4041.97	%	278,265		39.5	%
Funds at Lloyd’s	~~113~~112,~~324~~732		14.79	%	113,324		16.1	%
Profit commission receivable	13,~~650~~369		0.24	%	2,103		0.3	%
Total before provision	~~769~~756,~~730~~315		100.1	%	705,502		100.2	%
Provision for expected credit losses	(1,019)		(0.1)	%	(1,019)		(0.1)	%
Reinsurance balances receivable, net	$	~~768~~755,~~711~~296	100.0	%	$	704,483	100.1	%

The Company has posted deposits at Lloyd’s to support underwriting capacity for certain syndicates, including Syndicate 3456. Lloyd’s has a credit rating of “A+” (Superior) from A.M. Best, as revised in August 2024.

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~~The~~funds ~~Company~~(premiums) ~~has~~held ~~posted~~by ~~deposits~~cedents. Further, atunder ~~Lloyd’s~~the toreinsurance ~~support~~contracts ~~underwriting~~the ~~capacity~~Company ~~for~~has ~~certain~~contractual ~~syndicates,~~rights ~~including~~to ~~Syndicate~~offset ~~3456.~~premium ~~Lloyd’s~~balances ~~has~~receivable aand ~~credit~~funds ~~rating~~held ofby ~~“A+”~~cedants ~~(Superior)~~against ~~from~~corresponding ~~A.M.~~payments ~~Best,~~for aslosses ~~revised~~and inloss ~~August 2024~~expenses.

Premiums receivable includes a significant portion of estimated premiums not yet due. Brokers and other intermediaries are responsible for collecting premiums from customers on the Company’s behalf. The Company monitors its concentration of credit risks from brokers. The diversity in the Company’s client base limits credit risk associated with premiums receivable and funds (premiums) held by cedents. Further, under the reinsurance contracts the Company has contractual rights to offset premium balances receivable and funds held by cedants against corresponding payments for losses and loss expenses.

Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, net

The Company regularly evaluates its net credit exposure to the retrocessionaires and their abilities to honor their respective obligations. See Note 8 for analysis of concentration of credit risk relating to retrocessionaires.

b) Lease Obligations

There was no material change to the Company’s operating lease agreements subsequent to its 2024 Form 10-K.

c) Litigation

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be involved in formal and informal dispute resolution procedures, which may include arbitration or litigation. The outcomes of these procedures determine the rights and obligations under the Company’s reinsurance contracts and other contractual agreements. In some disputes, the Company may seek to enforce its rights under an agreement or collect funds owed. In other matters, the Company may resist attempts by others to collect funds or enforce alleged rights. While the Company cannot predict the outcome of legal disputes with certainty, the Company does not believe that any existing dispute, when finally resolved, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, or operating results.

16. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has two operating segments: Open Market and Innovations.

Open Market

In the Open Market segment, the Company underwrites reinsurance business, sourced through the brokerage distribution channels and Lloyd’s. The Company writes mostly treaty reinsurance, on a proportional and non-proportional basis. The lines of business for this segment are as follows: Casualty, Financial, Health, Multiline, Property and Specialty.

Innovations

In the Innovations segment, the Company provides reinsurance capacity to startup companies and MGAs based globally, sourced mainly through direct placements with its strategic partners (see Note 4). This segment also includes business written by Syndicate 3456. The lines of business for this segment are as follows: Casualty, Financial, Health, Multiline and Specialty.

The Company’s reportable segments each have executive leadership who are responsible for their performance and who are directly accountable to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews the financial performance of the reportable segment to assess the achievement of strategic initiatives, the efficiency of the deployed capital, and how to allocate resources to the reportable segments based on the segment’s financial performance.

The table below provides information about the Company’s reportable segments, including the reconciliation to net income as reported under U.S. GAAP. Comparatives have been recast to conform with the current reportable segments.

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Three months ended March 31, 2025:	Open Market		Innovations		Corporate		Total Consolidated
Three months ended June 30, 2025:	Open Market		Innovations		Corporate		Total Consolidated
Gross premiums written	$	~~220~~152,~~709~~333	$	27,~~466~~596	$	(~~230~~301)	$	~~247~~179,~~945~~628
Net premiums written	$	~~195~~142,~~609~~111	$	2322,~~971~~716	$	(~~183~~300)	$	~~219~~164,~~397~~527
Net premiums earned	$	~~149~~140,~~641~~554	$	1921,~~005~~386	$	(~~183~~299)	$	~~168~~161,~~463~~641
Net loss and LAE incurred	(~~112~~83,~~763~~475)		(1015,~~346~~244)		~~225~~(1,360)		(~~122~~100,~~884~~079)
Acquisition costs	(40,~~881~~900)		(6,~~033~~012)		4864		(46,~~866~~848)
Other underwriting expenses	(4,~~797~~861)		(1,~~561~~620)		—		(6,~~358~~481)
Deposit interest expense, net	(~~149~~124)		—		—		(~~149~~124)
Underwriting income (loss)	(811,~~949)~~194		(1,~~065~~490)		90(1,595)		(78,~~794)~~109
Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
Net investment income	5,~~771~~629		~~448~~431		24,~~068~~410		810,~~287~~470
Corporate and other expenses	—		(~~572~~602)		(4,~~100~~153)		(4,~~672~~755)
Income from investment in Solasglas					32,197		32,197
Income (loss) from investment in Solasglas					(18,276)		(18,276)
Foreign exchange gains (losses)					46,~~355~~271		46,~~355~~271
Interest expense					(1,~~464~~144)		(1,~~464~~144)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(316,~~178)~~823	$	~~941~~(1,661)	$	33(14,~~146~~487)	$	~~30,909~~675
Additional information:
Net loss and LAE incurred:
Attritional losses	$	(8078,~~852~~017)	$	(1012,~~913~~713)	$	~~114~~97	$	(9190,~~651~~633)
CAT losses	(27,015)		—		—		(27,015)
Large event losses	(6,399)		—		—		(6,399)
Prior year adverse (favorable) loss development	(4,896)		567		111		(4,218)
CAT event losses	—		—		—		—
Total net loss and LAE incurred	$	(112,763)	$	(10,346)	$	225	$	(122,884)
Prior year favorable (adverse) loss development	941		(2,531)		(1,457)		(3,047)
Total allocated assets (1)	$	459,549	$	145,402	$	1,547,145	$	2,152,096
Total net loss and LAE incurred	$	(83,475)	$	(15,244)	$	(1,360)	$	(100,079)
Total allocated assets (1)	$	485,330	$	146,198	$	1,556,496	$	2,188,024

(1) The Company does not allocate assets to reporting segments, with the exception of restricted cash used to collateralized certain reinsurance transactions, including FAL, and Innovations-related private investments.

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Three months ended March 31, 2024:	Open Market		Innovations		Corporate		Total Consolidated
Three months ended June 30, 2024:	Open Market		Innovations		Corporate		Total Consolidated
Gross premiums written	$	~~187~~143,~~061~~311	$	3025,~~068~~319	$	~~129~~345	$	~~217~~168,~~258~~975
Net premiums written	$	~~167~~131,~~716~~585	$	2622,~~244~~212	$	~~117~~346	$	~~194~~154,~~077~~143
Net premiums earned	$	~~131~~125,~~610~~865	$	2025,~~197~~348	$	97,~~729~~185	$	~~161~~158,~~536~~398
Net loss and LAE incurred	(8673,~~700~~403)		(13,~~127~~634)		(914,~~499~~996)		(~~109~~102,~~326~~033)
Acquisition costs	(3340,~~579~~511)		(68,~~053~~406)		(1,~~978~~537)		(4150,~~610~~454)
Other underwriting expenses	(54,~~478~~816)		(~~861~~995)		—		(65,~~339~~811)
Deposit interest expense, net	~~(876)~~233		—		—		~~(876)~~233
Underwriting income (loss)	47,~~977~~368		~~156~~2,313		(19,~~748~~348)		~~3,385~~333
Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
Net investment income	129,~~616~~782		~~(183)~~366		~~745~~800		1310,~~178~~948
Corporate and other expenses	—		(~~590~~810)		(3,~~785~~896)		(4,~~375~~706)
Income from investment in Solasglas					184,~~248~~330		184,~~248~~330
Foreign exchange gains (losses)					(~~1,649~~932)		(~~1,649~~932)
Interest expense					(1,~~249~~560)		(1,~~249~~560)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	17,~~593~~150	$	~~(617)~~1,869	$	(10,~~562~~606)	$	278,~~538~~413
Additional information:
Net loss and LAE incurred:
Attritional losses	$	(7267,~~790~~763)	$	(1315,~~128~~275)	$	(56,~~570~~382)	$	(9189,~~488~~420)
CAT losses	(12,437)		—		—		(12,437)
Large event losses	(5,580)		—		—		(5,580)
Prior year adverse (favorable) loss development	(1,473)		1		(3,929)		(5,401)
CAT event losses	—		—		(7,722)		(7,722)
Total net loss and LAE incurred	$	(86,700)	$	(13,127)	$	(9,499)	$	(109,326)
Prior year favorable (adverse) loss development	(60)		1,641		(892)		689
Total allocated assets (1)	$	479,820	$	92,939	$	1,304,210	$	1,876,969
Total net loss and LAE incurred	$	(73,403)	$	(13,634)	$	(14,996)	$	(102,033)
Total allocated assets (1)	$	402,186	$	140,253	$	1,357,509	$	1,899,948

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Six months ended June 30, 2025:	Open Market		Innovations		Corporate		Total Consolidated
Gross premiums written	$	373,042	$	55,062	$	(531)	$	427,573
Net premiums written	$	337,720	$	46,687	$	(483)	$	383,924
Net premiums earned	$	290,195	$	40,391	$	(482)	$	330,104
Net loss and LAE incurred	(196,238)		(25,590)		(1,135)		(222,963)
Acquisition costs	(81,781)		(12,045)		112		(93,714)
Other underwriting expenses	(9,658)		(3,181)		—		(12,839)
Deposit interest expense, net	(273)		—		—		(273)
Underwriting income (loss)	2,245		(425)		(1,505)		315

Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
Net investment income	11,400		879		6,478		18,757
Corporate and other expenses	—		(1,174)		(8,253)		(9,427)
Income from investment in Solasglas					13,921		13,921
Foreign exchange gains (losses)					10,626		10,626
Interest expense					(2,608)		(2,608)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	13,645	$	(720)	$	18,659	$	31,584

Additional information:
Net loss and LAE incurred:
Attritional losses	$	(158,177)	$	(23,626)	$	211	$	(181,592)
Large event losses	(7,090)		—		—		(7,090)
CAT event losses	(27,016)		—		—		(27,016)
Prior year favorable (adverse) loss development	(3,955)		(1,964)		(1,346)		(7,265)
Total net loss and LAE incurred	$	(196,238)	$	(25,590)	$	(1,135)	$	(222,963)

Total allocated assets (1)	$	485,330	$	146,198	$	1,556,496	$	2,188,024

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Six months ended June 30, 2024:	Open Market		Innovations		Corporate		Total Consolidated
Gross premiums written	$	330,372	$	55,387	$	474	$	386,233
Net premiums written	$	299,301	$	48,456	$	463	$	348,220
Net premiums earned	$	257,475	$	45,545	$	16,914	$	319,934
Net loss and LAE incurred	(160,103)		(26,761)		(24,495)		(211,359)
Acquisition costs	(74,090)		(14,459)		(3,515)		(92,064)
Other underwriting expenses	(10,294)		(1,856)		—		(12,150)
Deposit interest expense, net	(643)		—		—		(643)
Underwriting income (loss)	12,345		2,469		(11,096)		3,718

Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
Net investment income	22,398		183		1,545		24,126
Corporate and other expenses	—		(1,400)		(7,681)		(9,081)
Income from investment in Solasglas					22,578		22,578
Foreign exchange gains (losses)					(2,581)		(2,581)

Interest expense					(2,809)		(2,809)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	34,743	$	1,252	$	(44)	$	35,951

Additional information:
Net loss and LAE incurred:
Attritional losses	$	(140,553)	$	(28,403)	$	(11,952)	$	(180,908)
Large event losses	(8,017)		—		—		(8,017)
CAT event losses	(10,000)		—		(7,722)		(17,722)
Prior year favorable (adverse) loss development	(1,533)		1,642		(4,821)		(4,712)
Total net loss and LAE incurred	$	(160,103)	$	(26,761)	$	(24,495)	$	(211,359)

Total allocated assets (1)	$	402,186	$	140,253	$	1,357,509	$	1,899,948

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” or “the Company” refer to Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. (“GLRE”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries unless the context dictates otherwise.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, which appear in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following is management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of our results of operations for the three and six months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024 ~~(herein referred as “Q1 2025”~~ and ~~“Q1 2024”, respectively) and~~ the Company’s financial condition at ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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All amounts are reported in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted. Tabular dollars are presented in thousands, with the exception of per share amounts or as otherwise noted.

Page


Overview			26
Business Overview			26
Outlook and Trends			26
Key Financial Measures and Non-GAAP Measures			27
Consolidated Results of Operations			28
Results by Segment			30
Open Market Segment			30
Innovations Segment			34
Other Corporate			37
Runoff Underwriting Business			37
Income from Investment in Solasglas			37
Financial Condition			38
Liquidity and Capital Resources			40
Liquidity			40
Capital Resources			41
Critical Accounting Estimates			42
Recent Accounting Pronouncements			42

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Overview			24
Business Overview			24
Outlook and Trends			24
Key Financial Measures and Non-GAAP Measures			25
Consolidated Results of Operations			26
Results by Segment			27
Open Market Segment			27
Innovations Segment			30
Other Corporate			32
Runoff Underwriting Business			32
Income from Investment in Solasglas			33
Financial Condition			33
Liquidity and Capital Resources			36
Liquidity			36
Capital Resources			36
Critical Accounting Estimates			37
Recent Accounting Pronouncements			37

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Overview

Business Overview

We are a global specialty property and casualty reinsurer headquartered in the Cayman Islands, with an underwriting and investment strategy that we believe differentiates us from most of our competitors. Our goal is to build long-term shareholder value by providing risk management solutions to the insurance, reinsurance, and other risk marketplaces.

For Q1the three months ended June 30, 2025 (“Q2 2025”), we earned a net income of $290.63 million, ana ~~increase~~decrease of $27.6 million over Q1the ~~2024,~~three ~~principally~~months ~~due~~ended toJune ~~strong~~30, ~~performance~~2024 ~~from~~(“Q2 ~~our investment in Solasglas~~2024”), ~~despite~~principally ~~negative~~due ~~and~~to ~~volatile~~an ~~market~~investment ~~conditions.~~loss ~~Favorable~~from ~~foreign~~Solasglas ~~exchange~~in ~~movement~~Q2 ~~also~~2025 ~~contributed~~compared to ~~the~~an ~~higher~~investment ~~net~~gain ~~income~~ in Q1Q2 ~~2025,~~2024. ~~which~~This was ~~offset~~ partially offset by stronger underwriting ~~loss~~performance and ~~lower~~favorable ~~investment-related~~foreign ~~income~~exchange ~~from Lloyd’s syndicates compared to Q1 2024~~movement.

The following is a summary of our financial performance for Q1Q2 2025, compared to Q1Q2 2024:

•Gross premiums written was $~~247~~179.96 million, an increase of 146.13%;

•Net premiums earned was $~~168~~161.56 million, an increase of 42.30%;

•Net underwriting ~~loss~~income was $7.8.1 million, compared to a net underwriting income of $30.43 million;

•Current ~~year~~period CAT losses, ~~net of reinsurance,~~ were ~~$27.0 million~~nil, compared to $127.47 million; ~~the related reinstatement premiums were $3.4 million, compared to $2.8 million.~~

•~~Adverse~~Prior ~~prior~~ year adverse loss development was $43.20 million, compared to prior year favorable loss development of $50.47 million;

•Total investment ~~income~~loss was $407.58 million, ancompared ~~increase~~to total investment income of $915.13 million (including 74.20% net ~~return~~loss from our investment in Solasglas, compared to net return of 51.2%); and

•Diluted EPS was $0.8601, compared to $0.7823.

Fully diluted book value per share was $18.8797 at ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, an increase of 5.17% since December 31, 2024. See “Key Financial Measures and Non-GAAP Measures” section of this MD&A.

Outlook and Trends

Reinsurance market conditions

~~Throughout~~We ~~Q1 2025 and into the active April 1 renewal period, we~~ continue to see increased competition from existing and new reinsurance markets, predominantly in our Open Market segment. This is putting pressure on headline rates across various classes; however, attachment points and other terms & conditions are largely holding firm. We ~~believe~~remain ~~that~~attentive ~~market~~to ~~conditions~~the ~~are~~extent ~~still~~of ~~broadly,~~softening ~~but~~market ~~not uniformly~~conditions, ~~positive.~~particularly Wein ~~have~~light ~~recently~~of ~~adjusted~~the industry ~~our~~losses ~~risk~~in ~~appetite~~the tospecialty ~~take~~market aand ~~more~~the ~~cautious~~approaching ~~stance~~peak ~~toward~~of the ~~casualty~~North ~~business~~Atlantic inhurricane ~~our Open Market segment~~season. WeOur ~~will~~focus ~~continue~~remains toon ~~write~~maintaining ~~business~~a ~~where~~diversified weportfolio ~~believe~~that weis ~~are~~resilient ~~being~~to ~~adequately~~market ~~compensated~~supply-demand ~~for the risk~~pressures.

General economic conditions

There are many factors contributing to an uncertain global economic outlook, and in particular, we believe that inflationary trends of recent years could persist. We continue to consider the potential impact of relevant economic factors on our underwriting portfolio. On the investment side, DME Advisors regularly monitors and re-positions Solasglas’ investment portfolio to manage the impact of inflation on its underlying investments and holds macro positions to benefit from a rising inflationary environment. DME Advisors pivoted during Q1 2025 from conservatively positioned to bearish and continued to maintain that position during Q2 2025. It lowered Solasglas’ gross and net exposure and added additional market hedges for tail protection.

In early April, the U.S. Administration enacted trade policies that were more aggressive than the financial markets expected, causing additional uncertainty and volatility. These policies further complicate the near-term outlook for economic growth and inflation. We remain vigilant to economic data and additional policies that may impact our business.

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Key Financial Measures and Non-GAAP Measures

There have been no changes to our key financial measures, including non-GAAP financial measures, as described in the MD&A of our 2024 Form 10-K.

Fully Diluted Book Value Per Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of the fully diluted book value per share to basic book value per share (the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure):

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025			March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024			September 30, 2024			June 30, 2024
Numerator for basic and fully diluted book value per share:
Total equity as reported under U.S. GAAP	$	~~666~~663,~~804~~318		$	~~635~~666,~~879~~804		$	~~663~~635,~~418~~879		$	~~634~~663,~~020~~418		$	~~624~~634,~~458~~020
Denominator for basic and fully diluted book value per share:
Ordinary shares issued and outstanding as reported and denominator for basic book value per share	34,~~557~~198,~~449~~153			34,~~831~~557,~~324~~449			34,~~832~~831,~~493~~324			3534,~~321~~832,~~144~~493			35,321,144
Add: In-the-money stock options (1) and all outstanding RSUs	~~773~~775,~~938~~124			~~590~~773,~~001~~938			~~602~~590,~~013~~001			~~594~~602,~~612~~013			~~585~~594,~~334~~612
Denominator for fully diluted book value per share	3534,~~331~~973,~~387~~277			35,~~421~~331,~~325~~387			35,~~434~~421,~~506~~325			35,~~915~~434,~~756~~506			35,~~906~~915,~~478~~756
Basic book value per share	$	19.3040		$	1819.2630		$	1918.0526		$	1719.9505		$	17.6895
Increase in basic book value per share	$	1.04		$	(0.79)		$	1.10		$	0.27		$	0.81
Increase (decrease) in basic book value per share	$	0.10		$	1.04		$	(0.79)		$	1.10		$	0.27
Increase in basic book value per share	5.7		%	(4.1)		%	6.1		%	1.5		%	4.8		%
Increase (decrease) in basic book value per share	0.5		%	5.7		%	(4.1)		%	6.1		%	1.5		%
Fully diluted book value per share	$	18.8797		$	1718.9587		$	1817.7295		$	1718.6572		$	17.3965
Increase in fully diluted book value per share	$	0.92		$	(0.77)		$	1.07		$	0.26		$	0.65
Increase (decrease) in fully diluted book value per share	$	0.10		$	0.92		$	(0.77)		$	1.07		$	0.26
Increase in fully diluted book value per share	5.1		%	(4.1)		%	6.1		%	1.5		%	3.9		%
Increase (decrease) in fully diluted book value per share	0.5		%	5.1		%	(4.1)		%	6.1		%	1.5		%

(1) Assuming net exercise by the grantee.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

The table below summarizes our consolidated operating results.

				Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30								Six months ended June 30
	2025			2024			Change		2025			2024			Change
Underwriting results:
Gross premiums written	$	179,628		$	168,975		$	10,653	$	~~247~~427,~~945~~573		$	~~217~~386,~~258~~233		$	3041,~~687~~340
Net premiums written	$	164,527		$	154,143		$	10,384	$	~~219~~383,~~397~~924		$	~~194~~348,~~077~~220		$	2535,~~320~~704
Net premiums earned	$	161,641		$	158,398		$	3,243	$	~~168~~330,~~463~~104		$	~~161~~319,~~536~~934		$	610,~~927~~170
Net loss and LAE incurred:
Current year	(97,032)			(102,722)			5,690		(~~118~~215,~~666~~698)			(~~103~~206,~~925~~647)			(149,~~741~~051)
Prior year (1)	(3,047)			689			(3,736)		(47,~~218~~265)			(54,~~401~~712)			1(2,~~183~~553)
Net loss and LAE incurred	(100,079)			(102,033)			1,954		(~~122~~222,~~884~~963)			(~~109~~211,~~326~~359)			(1311,~~558~~604)
Acquisition costs	(46,848)			(50,454)			3,606		(4693,~~866~~714)			(4192,~~610~~064)			(51,~~256~~650)
Underwriting expenses	(6,481)			(5,811)			(670)		(612,~~358~~839)			(612,~~339~~150)			(19689)
Deposit interest income (expense), net	(124)			233			(357)		(~~149~~273)			(~~876~~643)			~~727~~370
Net underwriting income (loss)									(7,794)			3,385			(11,179)
Net underwriting income	8,109			333			7,776		315			3,718			(3,403)
Investment results:
Income from investment in Solasglas	(18,276)			4,330			(22,606)		3213,~~197~~921			1822,~~248~~578			13(8,~~949~~657)
Net investment income	10,470			10,948			(478)		818,~~287~~757			1324,~~178~~126			(45,~~891~~369)
Total investment income									40,484			31,426			9,058
Total investment income (loss)	(7,806)			15,278			(23,084)		32,678			46,704			(14,026)
Corporate and other expenses	(4,755)			(4,706)			(49)		(49,~~672~~427)			(49,~~375~~081)			(~~297~~346)
Foreign exchange gains (losses)	6,271			(932)			7,203		410,~~355~~626			(12,~~649~~581)			613,~~004~~207
Interest expense	(1,144)			(1,560)			416		(12,~~464~~608)			(12,~~249~~809)			~~(215)~~201
Income tax expense	(346)			(435)			89		(1,~~282~~628)			(~~519~~954)			(~~763~~674)
Net income	$	329		$	7,978		$	(7,649)	$	29,~~627~~956		$	2734,~~019~~997		$	2(5,~~608~~041)
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.01		$	0.23		$	(0.22)	$	0.8687		$	01.7801		$	(0.0814)
Underwriting ratios:							% Point Change								% Point Change
Attritional loss ratio	56.0		%	56.5		%	(0.5)		5455.40		%	56.6		%	(21.26)		%
CAT loss ratio									16.0		%	7.7		%	8.3		%
Large event loss ratio	4.0		%	3.5		%	0.5		2.1		%	2.5		%	(0.4)
Current year loss ratio									70.4		%	64.3		%	6.1		%
CAT event loss ratio	—		%	4.9		%	(4.9)		8.2		%	5.5		%	2.7
Prior year reserve development ratio									2.5		%	3.3		%	(0.8)		%
Current year loss ratio	60.0		%	64.9		%	(4.9)		65.3		%	64.6		%	0.7
Loss ratio									72.9		%	67.6		%	5.3		%
Prior year reserve development ratio	1.9		%	(0.4)		%	2.3		2.2		%	1.5		%	0.7
Acquisition cost ratio									27.8		%	25.8		%	2.0		%
Loss ratio	61.9		%	64.5		%	(2.6)		67.5		%	66.1		%	1.4
Composite ratio									100.7		%	93.4		%	7.3		%
Acquisition cost ratio	29.0		%	31.9		%	(2.9)		28.4		%	28.8		%	(0.4)
Underwriting expense ratio									3.9		%	4.5		%	(0.6)		%
Composite ratio	90.9		%	96.4		%	(5.5)		95.9		%	94.9		%	1.0
Combined ratio									104.6		%	97.9		%	6.7		%
Underwriting expense ratio	4.1		%	3.5		%	0.6		4.0		%	4.0		%	—
Combined ratio	95.0		%	99.9		%	(4.9)		99.9		%	98.9		%	1.0

1 The net financial impact associated with changes in the estimate of losses incurred in prior years, which incorporates earned reinstatement premiums assumed and ceded, adjustments to assumed and ceded acquisition costs, and deposit interest income and expense, was a loss of $32.56 million and $50.4 million for the three months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and a loss of $6.1 million and $5.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

2628

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~~Consolidated~~During ~~Results~~2025, we have updated the definition of ~~Operations~~CAT ~~for~~event Q1loss ~~2025~~to ~~compared~~be any individual CAT event loss to Q1us ~~2024~~of $5 million or more, net of reinsurance recoveries. For the various U.S. tornadoes (including severe convective storms), we have aggregated these and reported the total as CAT loss. Accordingly, we have recast the prior year CAT loss disclosures in this Form 10-Q to conform with this change. Starting with Q2 2025, we have also disclosed separately incurred losses from large events, if any, which is defined as any individual event loss in excess of $1 million but less than $5 million.

~~Basic~~Consolidated ~~book~~Results ~~value~~of ~~per~~Operations ~~share~~for ~~increased~~Q2 by2025 ~~$1.04~~compared ~~per share, or 5.7%,~~ to ~~$19.30~~Q2 ~~per share from $18.26 per share at December 31,~~ 2024~~. Fully diluted book value per share increased by $0.92 per share, or 5.1%, to $18.87 per share from $17.95 per share at December 31, 2024.~~

~~For~~Basic Q1book ~~2025,~~value ~~net~~per ~~income~~share increased by $20.610 ~~million~~per share, or 0.5%, to $2919.640 ~~million~~per share from $19.30 per share at March 31, ~~compared~~2025. toFully Q1diluted ~~2024~~book ~~driven~~value ~~mainly~~per share increased by ~~the~~$0.10 ~~following:~~per share, or 0.5%, to $18.97 per share from $18.87 per share at March 31, 2025.

~~•Investment~~For ~~income:~~Q2 ~~Increased~~2025, bynet ~~$9.1~~income ~~million~~decreased ~~primarily driven~~ by ~~our investment in Solasglas, which reported a gain of~~ $327.26 million ~~during Q1 2025, compared~~ to $180.23 million, ~~during Q1 2024. Solasglas generated a net return of 7.2% for Q1 2025~~ compared to aQ2 ~~net return of 5.2% for Q1~~ 2024~~. This~~, ~~was~~driven ~~partially~~mainly ~~offset~~ by ~~lower investment income on funds withheld by third party Lloyd’s syndicates and lower interest income earned from restricted cash and cash equivalents mainly due to lower yields as a result of~~ the ~~interest rate cuts by central banks during 2024.~~following:

•~~Foreign~~Investment ~~exchange~~income: ~~gains~~Our ~~(losses):~~investment ~~$4.4~~in ~~million~~Solasglas ~~foreign~~reported ~~exchange~~a ~~gains~~loss ~~for~~of Q1$18.3 million during Q2 2025, compared to a gain of $14.63 million ~~foreign~~during ~~exchange~~Q2 ~~losses~~2024. inSolasglas Q1generated ~~2024,~~a ~~driven~~net ~~mainly~~loss byof ~~the~~4.0% ~~strengthening~~for ofQ2 ~~the~~2025 ~~pound~~compared ~~sterling~~to ~~against~~a ~~the~~net ~~U.S.~~return ~~dollar~~of in1.2% Q1for ~~2025~~Q2 2024.

The above was partially offset by the following:

•Underwriting income: ~~Decreased~~Increased by $117.28 million ~~due to losses related to the devastating California Wildfires in January 2025~~, ~~which~~driven ~~contributed~~by 144.09 ~~combined ratio~~ points improvement in ~~Q1 2025. The~~ combined ratio ~~increased~~due byto ~~6.7~~no ~~points~~CAT onlosses ~~higher~~and ~~net premiums earned~~2.9 ~~Our~~points ~~current~~decrease ~~year~~in ~~loss~~acquisition ~~ratio~~cost ~~increased by 6~~ratio.1 ~~points~~This ~~due~~was ~~to 8.3 points increase in CAT losses,~~ offset partially by ~~lower~~an ~~attritional~~increase ~~loss~~in ~~ratio. Our~~ prior year ~~net~~adverse ~~reserve~~loss development ~~improved by 0~~.8 ~~points in Q1 2025.~~ For further information on CAT losses and prior year loss development, refer to Note 7 - Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves of the Q1Q2 2025 condensed consolidated financial statements.

•~~Income~~Foreign ~~tax~~exchange ~~expense~~gains (losses): ~~Increased by~~ $06.83 million, orgain ~~147.0%,~~for ~~mainly~~Q2 ~~due~~2025, compared to an$0.9 ~~increase~~million foreign exchange loss in ~~taxable~~Q2 ~~income~~2024, ~~from~~driven ~~our~~mainly ~~Irish~~by ~~and~~the ~~U.K.~~strengthening ~~subsidiaries~~of ~~driven~~the bypound ~~better~~sterling ~~underwriting~~against ~~results~~the ~~and~~U.S. ~~higher~~dollar ~~investment~~in ~~returns~~Q2 2025.

Consolidated Results of Operations for YTD 2025 compared to YTD 2024

Basic book value per share increased by $1.14 per share, or 5.9%, to $19.40 per share from $18.26 per share at December 31, 2024. Fully diluted book value per share increased by $1.02 per share, or 5.7%, to $18.97 per share from $17.95 per share at December 31, 2024.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 (“YTD 2025”), net income decreased by $5.0 million to $30.0 million, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 (“YTD 2024”) driven mainly by the following:

•Investment income: Decreased by $14.0 million primarily driven by our investment in Solasglas, which reported a gain of $13.9 million during YTD 2025, compared to $22.6 million during YTD 2024. Solasglas generated a net return of 2.9% for YTD 2025 compared to a net return of 6.4% for YTD 2024. Additionally, the decrease was due to lower investment income on funds withheld by third party Lloyd’s syndicates and lower interest income earned from restricted cash and cash equivalents mainly due to lower yields as a result of the interest rate cuts by central banks during the second half of 2024.

•Underwriting income: Decreased by $3.4 million due to a 1.0% increase in combined ratio, which was predominantly driven by higher CAT losses and prior year adverse loss development, offset partially by lower acquisition costs ratio. For further information on CAT losses and prior year loss development, refer to Note 7 - Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves of the Q2 2025 condensed consolidated financial statements.

The above was partially offset by the following increase:

•Foreign exchange gains (losses): $10.6 million foreign exchange gains for YTD 2025, compared to $2.6 million foreign exchange losses in YTD 2024, driven mainly by the strengthening of the pound sterling against the U.S. dollar during the first half of 2025.

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Results by Segment

The following is a ~~further~~ discussion and analysis for each reporting segment.

Open Market Segment

Results for the Open Market segment were as follows:


	Three months ended June 30								Six months ended June 30
	2025			% Change		2024			2025			% Change		2024
Gross premiums written	$	152,333		6.3	%	$	143,311		$	373,042		12.9	%	$	330,372
Net premiums written	$	142,111		8.0	%	$	131,585		$	337,720		12.8	%	$	299,301
Net premiums earned	$	140,554		11.7	%	$	125,865		$	290,195		12.7	%	$	257,475
Net loss and LAE incurred	(83,475)					(73,403)			(196,238)					(160,103)
Acquisition costs	(40,900)					(40,511)			(81,781)					(74,090)
Other underwriting expenses	(4,861)					(4,816)			(9,658)					(10,294)
Deposit interest expense, net	(124)					233			(273)					(643)
Underwriting income	11,194					7,368			2,245					12,345
Net investment income	5,629			(42.5)	%	9,782			11,400			(49.1)	%	22,398
Income before income taxes	$	16,823				$	17,150		$	13,645				$	34,743

Underwriting ratios:	2025			% Point Change		2024			2025			% Point Change		2024
Loss ratio	59.4		%	1.1		58.3		%	67.6		%	5.4		62.2		%
Acquisition cost ratio	29.1		%	(3.1)		32.2		%	28.2		%	(0.6)		28.8		%
Composite ratio	88.5		%	(2.0)		90.5		%	95.8		%	4.8		91.0		%
Underwriting expenses ratio	3.5		%	(0.1)		3.6		%	3.4		%	(0.8)		4.2		%
Combined ratio	92.0		%	(2.1)		94.1		%	99.2		%	4.0		95.2		%

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	Three months ended March 31
	2025			% Change		2024
Gross premiums written	$	220,709		18.0	%	$	187,061
Net premiums written	$	195,609		16.6	%	$	167,716
Net premiums earned	$	149,641		13.7	%	$	131,610
Net loss and LAE incurred	(112,763)					(86,700)
Acquisition costs	(40,881)					(33,579)
Other underwriting expenses	(4,797)					(5,478)
Deposit interest expense, net	(149)					(876)
Underwriting income (loss)	(8,949)					4,977
Net investment income	5,771			(54.3)	%	12,616
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(3,178)				$	17,593
Underwriting ratios:	2025			% Point Change		2024
Loss ratio	75.4		%	9.5	%	65.9		%
Acquisition cost ratio	27.3		%	1.8	%	25.5		%
Composite ratio	102.7		%	11.3	%	91.4		%
Underwriting expenses ratio	3.3		%	(1.5)	%	4.8		%
Combined ratio	106.0		%	9.8	%	96.2		%

Gross Premiums Written

Gross premiums written by line of business were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30										Six months ended June 30
	2025				2024				Change		2025				2024				Change
Casualty	$	2920,~~724~~008	13.5	%	$	1827,~~944~~547	~~10.1~~19	%	$	10(7,~~780~~539)	$	49,732	13	%	$	46,491	14	%	$	3,241
Financial	2416,~~064~~416		~~10.9~~11	%	2114,~~007~~362		~~11.2~~10	%	32,~~057~~054		40,480		11	%	35,369		11	%	5,111
Health	~~197~~12		~~0.1~~—	%	~~215~~—		~~0.1~~—	%	~~(18)~~12		209		—	%	215		—	%	(6)
Multiline	6652,~~334~~742		~~30.1~~35	%	5535,~~916~~967		~~29.9~~25	%	1016,~~418~~775		119,076		32	%	91,883		28	%	27,193
Property	3018,~~039~~055		~~13.6~~12	%	2724,~~047~~261		~~14.5~~17	%	2(6,~~992~~206)		48,094		13	%	51,308		16	%	(3,214)
Specialty	7045,~~351~~100		~~31.9~~30	%	6341,~~932~~174		~~34.2~~29	%	63,~~419~~926		115,451		31	%	105,106		32	%	10,345
Total	$	~~220~~152,~~709~~333	100.0	%	$	~~187~~143,~~061~~311	100.0	%	$	339,~~648~~022	$	373,042	100	%	$	330,372	100	%	$	42,670

Gross premiums written within our Open Market segment in Q1Q2 2025 increased by $339.60 million or 186.03%, compared to Q1Q2 2024. The increase was predominantly attributable to the following ~~lines~~line of business:

~~•Casualty: the 56.9% increase was mainly due to the growth in general liability quota share reinsurance contracts incepting in 2024, with premiums continued to be written in Q1 2025.~~30

•Multiline: the 18.6% increase was predominantly driven by new FAL business; partially offset by non-renewed business in our commercial auto class.

•Specialty: the 10.0% increase was mainly driven by growth from 2024 quota share reinsurance treaties in our aviation class, in addition to new business and increased lines in our whole account marine and energy (M&E) class. This was partially offset by non-renewed business in our space and war, political violence, and terrorism (WPVT) classes.

Net Premiums Written

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~~Ceded~~•Multiline: ~~premiums~~The ~~written in Q1 2025 was $25~~46.~~1 million, resulting in net premiums written of $195.~~6% ~~million, compared to $19.3 million and $167.7 million, respectively, in Q1 2024. The~~ increase ~~in ceded premiums written of 29.7%~~ was ~~primarily within our specialty line~~ driven ~~mainly~~mostly by ~~additional~~growth ~~excess~~in ~~of loss retrocessional coverage to manage~~ our ~~overall~~current ~~exposure~~FAL tobusiness ~~aviation~~bound ~~and~~during ~~M&E~~Q1 ~~business~~2025, coupled with anlower ~~increase~~negative inrevision ~~quota~~to ~~share~~our ~~retrocession~~estimated ~~due~~ultimate togross ~~growth~~premiums ~~from~~for ~~inward~~certain ~~aviation~~2023 and ~~M&E~~2024 ~~business~~FAL treaties than in Q2 2024. This growth was partially offset by anon-renewed ~~decrease~~business in ~~quota share retrocession within~~ our ~~property~~commercial ~~line~~auto ~~due~~class toand amultiline ~~decrease~~commercial ~~from inward property business~~class.

•Casualty: The 27.4% decrease was mainly due to the non-renewal of certain reinsurance programs in our general liability class and multiline casualty class as part of our strategy to reduce our exposure to our casualty line of business.

•Property: The 25.6% decrease was mainly due to negative revision to our estimated ultimate gross premiums for a 2024 quota share reinsurance treaty, compared to Q2 2024. Additionally, we experienced rate reductions on certain renewed excess of loss property treaties, coupled with select decreases in line size compared to the prior year. This was partially offset by new excess of loss business.

Gross premiums written within our Open Market segment in YTD 2025 increased by $42.7 million or 12.9%, compared to YTD 2024. The increase was predominantly attributable to the following lines of business:

•Multiline: The 29.6% increase was driven by the same factors noted for Q2 2025.

•Specialty: The 9.8% increase was mainly driven by growth from 2024 quota share reinsurance treaties and new excess loss treaties in our aviation class, in addition to new business and increased lines in our whole account marine and energy (M&E) class. This was partially offset by non-renewed business in our space class and war, political violence, and terrorism (WPVT) class, coupled with negative premium revision on a cyber treaty bound in 2023.

•Property: The 6.3% decrease was mainly driven by the same factors noted for Q2 2025, partially offset by growth in our property catastrophe class due to reinstatement premiums relating to the California wildfire and new accounts.

Net Premiums Written

Ceded premiums written in Q2 2025 was $10.2 million, resulting in net premiums written of $142.1 million, compared to $11.7 million and $131.6 million, respectively, in Q2 2024. The decrease in ceded premiums written of 12.8% was driven by a decrease in quota share retrocession within our property line due to the non-renewal of the inward 2023 quota share reinsurance treaty as previously noted, offset partially by an increase in quota share retrocession due to growth from inward aviation and M&E business.

Ceded premiums written in YTD 2025 was $35.3 million, resulting in net premiums written of $337.7 million, compared to $31.1 million and $299.3 million, respectively, in YTD 2024. The increase in ceded premiums written of 10.4% was primarily within our specialty line driven mainly by additional excess of loss retrocessional coverage to manage our overall exposure to aviation and M&E business, coupled with an increase in quota share retrocession due to growth from inward aviation and M&E business. This was partially offset by a decrease in quota share retrocession within our property line as noted for Q2 2025.

Net Premiums Earned

Net premiums earned by line of business were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30										Six months ended June 30
	2025				2024				Change		2025				2024				Change
Casualty	$	2724,~~343~~680	18.3	%	$	2321,~~309~~628	~~12.5~~17	%	$	43,~~034~~052	$	52,023	18	%	$	44,937	14	%	$	7,086
Financial	1415,~~315~~306		~~9.6~~11	%	1615,~~156~~152		~~8.6~~12	%	~~(1,841)~~154		29,621		10	%	31,308		9	%	(1,687)
Health	4544		—	%	54		—	%	(910)		89		—	%	108		—	%	(19)
Multiline	5345,~~722~~640		~~35.9~~32	%	5544,~~260~~258		~~29.5~~35	%	(1,~~538)~~382		99,362		34	%	99,518		30	%	(156)
Property	1813,~~506~~803		~~12.4~~10	%	1112,~~649~~977		~~6.2~~10	%	~~6,857~~826		32,309		11	%	24,626		7	%	7,683
Specialty	3541,~~710~~082		~~23.9~~29	%	2531,~~182~~796		~~13.5~~25	%	109,~~528~~286		76,792		26	%	56,978		17	%	19,814
Total	$	~~149~~140,~~641~~555	100.0	%	$	~~131~~125,~~610~~865	100.0	%	$	1814,~~031~~690	$	290,196	100	%	$	257,475	100	%	$	32,721

Net premiums earned within our Open Market segment in Q1 2025 increased by $18.0 million or 13.7%, compared to Q1 2024. The change is influenced by the amount and timing of net premiums written during the current year and prior years, coupled with the business mix written in the form of excess of loss versus proportional contracts. Additionally, within the financial line and certain specialty line classes, the gross premiums written are earned over multiple years, corresponding with the anticipated risk coverage period.31

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Net premiums earned within our Open Market segment in Q2 2025 increased by $14.7 million or 11.7%, compared to Q2 2024 and by $32.7 million or 12.7% for YTD 2025, compared to YTD 2024. The change is influenced by the amount and timing of net premiums written during the current year and prior years, coupled with the business mix written in the form of excess of loss versus proportional contracts. Additionally, within the financial line and certain specialty line classes, the gross premiums written are earned over multiple years, corresponding with the anticipated risk coverage period.

Loss ratio

The components of the loss ratio for our Open Market segment were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30						Six months ended June 30
	2025		% Point Change		2024		2025		% Point Change	2024
Current year:
Attritional loss ratio	5455.05	%	(1.3)7	%	5553.38	%	54.5	%	(0.1)	54.6	%
CAT losses	18.1	%	8.6	%	9.4	%
Large event loss ratio	4.6	%	0.1		4.4	%	2.4	%	(0.7)	3.1	%
Current year loss ratio	72.1	%	7.3	%	64.8	%
CAT event loss ratio	—	%	—		—	%	9.3	%	5.4	3.9	%
Prior year reserve development ratio	3.3	%	2.2	%	1.1	%
Current year loss ratio	60.1	%	1.8		58.3	%	66.3	%	4.6	61.6	%
Loss ratio	75.4	%	9.5	%	65.9	%
Prior year reserve development ratio	(0.7)	%	(0.7)		—	%	1.4	%	0.8	0.6	%
Loss ratio	59.4	%	1.1		58.3	%	67.6	%	5.4	62.2	%

Current Year Loss Ratio

~~The~~Q2 Q1 2025 ~~current~~vs ~~year~~Q2 ~~loss ratio increased by 7.3%, compared to Q1~~ 2024 mainly due to the increase in CAT losses, offset partially by a 1.3% reduction in attritional loss ratio. In Q1 2025, we incurred $27.0 million of CAT losses relating to the California wildfires, compared to $12.4 million of CAT losses in Q1 2024 predominantly due to the Baltimore bridge loss.

The ~~reduction~~Q2 in2025 ~~attritional~~current year loss ratio ~~was~~increased ~~driven~~ by ~~the~~1.8 ~~change in business mix~~points, ~~particularly~~compared ato ~~decrease~~Q2 in2024 ~~earned~~driven ~~premiums~~mainly ~~from~~by ~~our~~an ~~multiline~~increase ~~business~~in ~~at higher~~ attritional loss ratio, ~~and~~driven anpredominantly ~~increase~~by inour ~~property~~casualty ~~and~~line ~~specialty~~in ~~lines~~response atto ~~lower~~current ~~attritional~~economic ~~loss~~and ~~ratio. This~~social ~~was~~inflation ~~partially~~trends. ~~offset~~Additionally, bythere was an increase in attritional loss ratio onin our ~~casualty~~financial line in response to ~~current~~poor ~~economic~~performance ~~and~~relating ~~social~~to ~~inflation~~transactional ~~trends~~liability business.

29For Q2 2025, large event loss was driven mostly by the Air India crash in India, and YTD 2025 included losses from the American Airlines crash in Washington and the Moss Landing Power Plant fire in California. For Q2 2024, large event loss was predominantly from the Taiwan Earthquake and the Mexico-state owned oil platform fire. In addition to these, the YTD 2024 large event loss included satellite failures.

~~Return~~YTD to2025 ~~table~~vs ofYTD ~~contents~~2024

The YTD 2025 current year loss ratio increased by 4.6 points, compared to YTD 2024, mainly due to 5.4 points increase in CAT losses, offset partially by 0.1 point reduction in attritional loss ratio. For YTD 2025, we incurred $27.0 million of CAT losses relating to the California wildfires, compared to $10.0 million of CAT losses, net of reinsurance, in YTD 2024 due to the Baltimore bridge loss.

The reduction in attritional loss ratio was driven by higher earned premiums on our property and specialty business at lower attritional loss ratio in YTD 2025 compared to YTD 2024, offset partially by the increase in attritional loss ratio on our casualty line for the same reason as noted for Q2 2025.

Prior Year Reserve Development Ratio

~~Prior~~Open Market segment’s prior year reserve development ratio decreased by 0.7 points in Q2 2025 compared to Q2 2024 and increased by 20.2%8 point in Q1YTD 2025 compared to Q1YTD 2024. Refer to Note 7 Loss and LAE Reserves to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details ~~on the lines of business and prior year development~~.

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Acquisition cost ratio

The acquisition cost ratio ~~increased~~decreased by 13.81 points in Q1Q2 2025 compared to Q1Q2 2024, primarily due to ana ~~increase~~decrease in acquisition ~~costs~~cost ~~from~~ratio ~~the~~for ~~FAL~~our ~~business~~financial ~~included~~and ~~in our~~ multiline business, ~~driven~~partially offset by ~~higher~~an ~~fixed~~increase in acquisition ~~costs~~cost ~~from~~ratio ~~new~~for ~~syndicate-in-a-box~~our ~~programs.~~specialty ~~This~~line, ~~was~~predominantly ~~partially~~driven ~~offset~~ by ~~the~~growth ~~lower~~in quota share reinsurance treaties at higher acquisition ~~costs~~cost ratio ~~resulting~~than ~~from~~for ~~the~~excess ~~change~~of inloss ~~business mix~~treaties.

The key drivers for the improved acquisition cost ratio relating to the financial and multiline business were:

•Financial: Driven by our transactional liability business due to lower profit commission as a result of adverse loss reserve development in the current quarter. Additionally, the acquisition cost ratio for the mortgage business was higher in Q2 2024 due to an increase in profit commission on prior years’ treaties.

•Multiline: Driven predominantly from our FAL business, where in Q2 2024 we had increased our previously estimated acquisition costs for certain 2023 and 2024 FAL business based on updated reporting received; whereas there were minor revisions in Q2 2025.

The acquisition cost ratio increased by 0.6 points in YTD 2025 compared to YTD 2024, primarily due to the change in business mix, coupled with improved acquisition cost ratio for the financial line for the same reason as noted for Q2 2025. This was partially offset by an increase in acquisition cost ratio for our specialty line predominantly driven by growth in quota share reinsurance treaties, which have a higher acquisition cost ratio than for excess of loss treaties.

Underwriting expense ratio

The underwriting expense ratio decreased by 10.51 points to 3.35% in Q1Q2 2025 compared to Q1Q2 2024, mainly due to an increase in net premiums earned, ~~coupled~~in ~~with lower stock compensation expense attributable to~~ the Open Market segment. ~~Additionally, interest expense from deposit contracts was 0.4% point lower in Q1 2025 compared to Q1 2024.~~

The underwriting expense ratio decreased by 0.8 points to 3.4% in YTD 2025 compared to YTD 2024, mainly due to an increase in net premiums earned, coupled with lower stock compensation expense attributable to the Open Market segment. Additionally, interest expense from deposit contracts was lower in Q2 2025 compared to Q2 2024.

Income (loss) before income taxes

~~Loss~~Income before income taxes for the Open Market segment was $316.28 million for Q1Q2 2025, compared to ~~income before income taxes of~~ $17.62 million for Q1Q2 2024. ~~This~~ ~~change~~The decrease was driven predominantly by ~~higher CAT losses related to the California wildfires, coupled with~~ lower investment income on funds withheld by third party Lloyd’s syndicates and lower interest income earned from restricted cash and cash equivalents mainly as a result of the interest rate cuts by central banks during the second half of 2024. This was partially offset by improved underwriting results in the current quarter.

Income before income taxes for the Open Market segment was $13.6 million for YTD 2025, compared to $34.7 million for YTD 2024. The decrease was mainly due to the lower investment income, as noted for Q2 2025, and lower underwriting income predominantly due to higher CAT loss relating to California wildfires in 2025.

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Innovations Segment

Results for the Innovations segment were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30								Six months ended June 30
	2025			% Change		2024			2025			% Change		2024
Gross premiums written	$	27,~~466~~596		(89.7)0	%	$	3025,~~068~~319		$	55,062		(0.6)	%	$	55,387
Net premiums written	$	2322,~~971~~716		(82.7)3	%	$	2622,~~244~~212		$	46,687		(3.7)	%	$	48,456
Net premiums earned	$	1921,~~005~~386		(515.96)	%	$	2025,~~197~~348		$	40,391		(11.3)	%	$	45,545
Net loss and LAE incurred	(1015,~~346~~244)					(13,~~127~~634)			(25,590)					(26,761)
Acquisition costs	(6,~~033~~012)					(68,~~053~~406)			(12,045)					(14,459)
Other underwriting expenses	(1,~~561~~620)					(~~861~~995)			(3,181)					(1,856)
Underwriting income (loss)	(1,~~065~~490)					~~156~~2,313			(425)					2,469
Net investment income	~~448~~431			~~(344~~17.8)	%	~~(183)~~366			879			380.3	%	183
Corporate and other expenses	(~~572~~602)			(325.17)	%	(~~590~~810)			(1,174)			(16.1)	%	(1,400)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	~~941~~(1,661)				$	~~(617)~~1,869		$	(720)				$	1,252
Underwriting ratios:	2025			% Point Change		2024			2025			% Point Change		2024
Loss ratio	5471.43		%	~~(10~~17.6)5	%	6553.08		%	63.4		%	4.6		58.8		%
Acquisition cost ratio	3128.71		%	1(5.71)	%	3033.02		%	29.8		%	(1.9)		31.7		%
Composite ratio	8699.14		%	(812.9)4	%	9587.0		%	93.2		%	2.7		90.5		%
Underwriting expenses ratio	87.26		%	3.97	%	4.3.9		%	7.9		%	3.8		4.1		%
Combined ratio	94107.30		%	(516.0)1	%	9990.39		%	101.1		%	6.5		94.6		%

Gross Premiums Written

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Gross premiums written by line of business were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30										Six months ended June 30
	2025				2024				Change		2025				2024				Change
Casualty	$	6,~~685~~254	~~24.3~~23	%	$	410,~~455~~006	~~14.8~~40	%	$	2(3,~~230~~752)	$	12,939	23	%	$	14,461	26	%	$	(1,522)
Financial	13,~~784~~039		~~6.5~~11	%	~~(204)~~3,192		~~(0.7)~~13	%	~~1,988~~(153)		4,823		9	%	2,988		5	%	1,835
Health	32,~~635~~296		~~13.2~~8	%	~~1,532~~815		~~5.1~~3	%	21,~~103~~481		5,931		11	%	2,347		4	%	3,584
Multiline	1412,~~704~~099		~~53.5~~44	%	228,~~212~~842		~~73.9~~35	%	(73,~~508)~~257		26,803		49	%	31,054		56	%	(4,251)
Specialty	~~658~~3,909		~~2.4~~14	%	2,~~073~~465		~~6.9~~10	%	(1,~~415)~~444		4,567		8	%	4,538		8	%	29
Total	$	27,~~466~~597	100.0	%	$	3025,~~068~~320	100.0	%	$	(2,~~602)~~277	$	55,063	100	%	$	55,388	100	%	$	(325)

Gross premiums written within our Innovations segment in Q1Q2 2025 ~~decreased~~increased by $2.63 million or 89.70%, compared to Q1Q2 2024. The ~~decrease~~increase was predominantly attributable to ~~lower premiums from our Syndicate 3456 included in~~ the ~~multiline~~following ~~business. The~~lines ~~decrease in Specialty line was predominantly due to the cancellation~~ of ~~a quota share reinsurance program, resulting in the return of premiums previously recognized (a corresponding adjustment was also made for the incurred losses).~~ business:

•Multiline: The ~~above~~36.8% increase was ~~partially~~driven ~~offset~~mostly by premium growth from ~~quota share treaties during 2024 within~~ our ~~casualty,~~Syndicate ~~financial and health lines~~3456. ~~The negative premiums written for the financial line in Q1 2024 was due to a revised premium estimate for a prior year quota share reinsurance treaty.~~

•Health: The 181.7% increase was mainly due to revised ultimate estimated premium written on certain legacy treaties, coupled with growth from 2024 quota share treaties and new business.

•Specialty: The 58.6% increase was predominantly from new quota share treaties bound in 2024.

Offset partially by:

•Casualty: The 37.5% decrease was mainly due to the non-renewal of a reinsurance program and a decrease in the line size of another quota share reinsurance treaty.

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Gross premiums written within our Innovations segment in YTD 2025 decreased by $0.3 million or 0.6%, compared to YTD 2024. The decrease was predominantly attributable to the following lines of business:

•Multiline: The 13.7% decrease was driven mostly by lower premiums from our Syndicate 3456 and non-renewal of certain multiline quota share treaties with general liability exposure.

•Casualty: The 10.5% decrease was due to the same explanation as for Q2 2025.

The decrease was offset partially by:

•Health: The 181.7% increase was due to the same explanation as for Q2 2025.

•Financial: The 61.4% increase is predominantly from growth of existing programs.

Net Premiums Written

Ceded premiums written in Q1Q2 2025 was $34.59 million, resulting in net premiums written of $2422.07 million, compared to $3.81 million and $2622.2 million, respectively, in Q1Q2 2024. The ~~decrease~~increase ~~was~~in ~~driven~~ceded ~~mainly~~premiums ~~from~~written ~~one~~was ~~retrocession~~predominantly ~~casualty~~driven ~~program not renewed, offset partially~~ by athe new whole-account retrocession program in which we have ceded 28% of ~~new~~ Innovations-related ~~business~~programs ~~written~~incepting Q4 2024 onwards.

Ceded premiums written in YTD 2025 was $8.4 million, resulting in net premiums written of $46.7 million, compared to $6.9 million and $48.5 million, respectively, in YTD 2024. The increase in ceded premiums written was driven mainly by the whole-account retrocession program noted for Q2 2025, coupled with an increase in quota share retrocessions due to growth from inward health and specialty business.

Net Premiums Earned

Net premiums earned by line of business were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30										Six months ended June 30
	2025				2024				Change		2025			2024			Change
Casualty	$	5,~~669~~228	~~29.8~~24	%	$	4,~~920~~953	~~16.4~~20	%	$	~~749~~275	10,897	27	%	9,873	22	%	$	1,024
Financial	12,~~042~~687		~~5.5~~13	%	~~(583)~~2,246		~~(1.~~9)	%	~~1,625~~441		3,729	9	%	1,663	4	%	2,066
Health	~~1,373~~939		~~7.2~~4	%	~~597~~511		2.0	%	~~776~~428		2,312	6	%	1,108	2	%	1,204
Multiline	1211,~~024~~129		~~63.3~~52	%	1314,~~333~~990		~~44.3~~59	%	(13,~~309~~861)		23,153	57	%	28,323	62	%	(5,170)
Specialty	(1,~~103)~~403		~~(5.8)~~7	%	12,~~930~~648		~~6.4~~10	%	(31,~~033~~245)		300	1	%	4,578	10	%	(4,278)
Total	$	1921,~~005~~386	100.0	%	$	2025,~~197~~348	100.0	%	$	(13,~~192~~962)	40,391	100	%	45,545	100	%	$	(5,154)

Net premiums earned in Q1Q2 2025 decreased by $~~1,192~~4.0 million or 15.6%, compared to Q2 2024. Net premiums earned in YTD 2025 decreased by $5.92 million or 11.3%, compared to Q1YTD 2024. The change relates to the amount and timing of net premiums written during the current year and prior years.

For the multiline business, the non-renewal of certain treaties also contributed to the decline in net premiums earned in Q2 2025 and YTD 2025.

For the specialty line, revisions to our ultimate premiums written for certain treaties, which were previously earned, also contributed to the decrease in net premiums earned in Q2 2025 and YTD 2025.

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Loss ratio

The components of the loss ratio were as follows:


	Three months ended June 30					Six months ended June 30
	2025		% Point Change	2024		2025		% Point Change	2024
Current year:
Attritional loss ratio	59.4	%	(0.8)	60.3	%	58.5	%	(3.9)	62.4	%
Large event loss ratio	—	%	—	—	%	—	%	—	—	%
CAT event loss ratio	—	%	—	—	%	—	%	—	—	%
Current year loss ratio	59.4	%	(0.8)	60.3	%	58.5	%	(3.9)	62.4	%
Prior year reserve development ratio	11.8	%	18.3	(6.5)	%	4.9	%	8.5	(3.6)	%
Loss ratio	71.3	%	17.5	53.8	%	63.4	%	4.6	58.8	%

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	Three months ended March 31
	2025		% Point Change		2024
Current year:
Attritional loss ratio	57.4	%	(7.6)	%	65.0	%
CAT losses	—	%	—	%	—	%
Current year loss ratio	57.4	%	(7.6)	%	65.0	%
Prior year reserve development ratio	(3.0)	%	(3.0)	%	—	%
Loss ratio	54.4	%	(10.6)	%	65.0	%

Current Year Loss Ratio

The current year loss ratio in Q1Q2 2025 decreased by 70.68 points, compared to Q1Q2 2024 driven mainly by ~~improved~~lower attritional loss ~~performance~~ratio for the multiline business due to business mix and new accounts, partially offset mainly by an increase in ~~our~~attritional ~~Syndicate~~loss ~~3456~~ratio ~~results~~on a financial line quota share program in ~~the~~response ~~multiline~~to ~~business~~signs of poor performance.

The ~~Innovations~~current ~~segment~~year ~~was~~loss ~~not~~ratio ~~impacted~~in YTD 2025 decreased by ~~any~~3.9 ~~CAT~~points, ~~events~~compared ~~for~~to YTD 2024 driven mainly by improved loss performance in our Syndicate 3456 results in the ~~periods~~multiline ~~presented~~business, partially offset mainly by the increase in attritional loss ratio in the ~~above~~financial ~~table~~line as noted for Q2 2025.

The Innovations segment was not impacted by any CAT or large events for the periods presented in the above table.

Prior Year Reserve Development Ratio

Prior year ~~favorable~~ reserve development ratio ofincreased 3by 18.0%3 ~~contributed~~points in Q2 2025 compared to ~~the~~Q2 ~~reduction~~2024 inand ~~loss~~by ~~ratio~~8.5 points in Q1YTD 2025 compared to Q1YTD 2024. This was driven by reserve strengthening predominantly on our financial line (2022-2023 underwriting years) due to higher volume of claims than expected. Refer to Note 7 Loss and LAE Reserves to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details ~~on the lines of business and prior year development~~.

Acquisition cost ratio

The acquisition cost ratio ~~increased~~decreased by 15.7%1 points to 3128.71% in Q1Q2 2025 compared to Q1Q2 2024. The ~~increase~~decrease was predominantly driven by ~~new~~non-renewal of certain specialty business ~~with~~that had higher acquisition costs, ~~within~~coupled ~~financial~~with ~~and~~the ~~specialty~~Q2 ~~lines.~~2024 ~~Additionally, the~~ acquisition cost ~~ratio~~being ~~increased~~impacted ~~due~~by toan ~~higher~~unfavorable ~~acquisition~~increase ~~costs~~on ~~relating~~a toquota ~~new~~share ~~2025~~treaty ~~programs~~in ~~for~~the ~~Syndicate~~financial ~~3456~~line.

The acquisition cost ratio decreased by 1.9 points to 29.8% in YTD 2025 compared to YTD 2024. The decrease was predominantly driven by the same explanation as Q2 2025 and by the health line due to new business with a lower acquisition cost ratio. This was partially offset by an increase in acquisition cost ratio for casualty line due to revised ultimate acquisition cost ratio for a significant quota share treaty, coupled with an increase in acquisition cost ratio in the multiline business predominantly driven by Syndicate 3456 due to higher acquisition costs relating to new 2025 programs.

Underwriting expense ratio

The underwriting expense ratio increased by 3.97 points toand 83.2%8 points in Q1Q2 2025 and YTD 2025, respectively compared to Q1the same periods in 2024, primarily ~~attributable~~due to additional ~~personnel~~headcount ~~costs~~ relating to the Innovations segment.

~~Income before income taxes~~36

~~The~~Return ~~income before income taxes for the Innovations segment was $0.9 million in Q1 2025, compared~~ to ~~loss~~table ~~before income taxes~~ of ~~$0.6 million in Q1 2024. The increase was mainly due to an increase in underwriting income and net investment income.~~contents

Income (loss) before income taxes

The loss before income taxes for the Innovations segment was $1.7 million and $0.7 million in Q2 2025 and YTD 2025, respectively, compared to income before income taxes of $1.9 million and $1.3 million in Q2 2024 and YTD 2024, respectively. This was driven by weaker underwriting performance in 2025 driven mostly by the increase in underwriting expenses and higher loss ratio, partially offset by improved net investment income including realized and unrealized gains from our Innovations portfolio.

Other Corporate

Runoff Underwriting Business

The non-renewal of an Innovations-related property business contract resulted in a decrease of $97.95 million and $17.4 million to the consolidated net premiums earned for Q1Q2 2025 and YTD 2025, respectively, compared to Q1the same periods in 2024. The ~~Q1 2025~~ negative net premiums earned for this run-off business in 2025, as reported in the table under Corporate in Note 16 of the condensed consolidated financial statements, reflects an adjustment to our prior premium estimate as reported by the cedent.

For Q1Q2 2025 and YTD 2025, the property business in runoff generated an underwriting ~~income~~loss of $01.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, compared to an underwriting loss of $19.73 million and $11.1 million in Q1Q2 2024 and YTD 2024, respectively. This included prior year ~~favorable~~adverse reserve development of $1.5 million and $0.19 million for Q2 2025 and Q2 2024, respectively, and prior year adverse reserve development of $1.3 million and $4.98 million, for Q1YTD 2025 and Q1YTD 2024, respectively. Investment income relating to this runoff business was $0.3 million and $0.56 million in Q2 2025 and YTD 2025, respectively, ~~relating~~compared to ~~this~~$0.5 ~~runoff~~million ~~business~~and $1.0 million in Q2 2024 and YTD 2024, respectively.

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Income from Investment in Solasglas

For Q1Q2 2025 and YTD 2025, Solasglas reported a net ~~gain~~loss of 74.0% and a net gain of 2.9%, respectively, compared to a net gain of 51.2% and 6.4% for Q1Q2 2024 and YTD 2024, respectively. The following table provides a breakdown of the gross and net investment return for Solasglas.

			Three months ended March 31
	Three months ended June 30				Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Long portfolio gains (losses)	1.2	%	(1.0)	%	(10.42)	%	43.4	%
Short portfolio gains (losses)	(8.9)		1.6		5(4.02)		—1.7
Macro gains (losses)	3.5		0.9		48.62		12.89
Other income and expenses(1)	(0.2)		(0.2)		(0.46)		(0.59)
Gross investment return					7.8	%	5.7	%
Gross investment return (loss)	(4.4)	%	1.3	%	3.2	%	7.1	%
Net investment return(1)					7.2	%	5.2	%
Net investment return (loss)(1)	(4.0)	%	1.2	%	2.9	%	6.4	%

1 “Other income and expenses” excludes performance compensation but includes management fees. “Net investment return” incorporates both of these amounts. For further information about management fees and performance compensation, refer to Note 3.

For Q1Q2 2025, the significant contributors to Solasglas’ investment return were long positions in gold, ~~Brighthouse~~and ~~Financial~~Kyndryl Holdings (~~BHF~~KD), and ~~Lanxess~~a ~~(Germany:~~short ~~LXS).~~position ~~The largest detractors were long positions~~ in ~~Core~~the ~~Natural~~S&P ~~Resources~~500 ~~(CNR),~~index. ~~PENN~~The ~~Entertainment~~largest ~~(PENN),~~detractors ~~and~~were athree single-name short ~~position~~positions.

For Q1YTD ~~2024~~2025, the significant contributors to Solasglas’ investment return were ~~long~~the ~~positions~~same inas ~~Green~~for ~~Brick~~Q2 ~~Partners (GRBK), Tenet Healthcare (THC), and an S&P 500 / U~~2025.S. ~~interest rate derivative position.~~ The largest detractors were a long ~~positions~~position in ~~PENN,~~Core ~~CONSOL~~Natural ~~Energy~~Resources (~~CEIX~~CNR), and atwo single-name short ~~position~~positions.

Each month, we post on our website (www.greenlightre.com) the returns from our investment in Solasglas.

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Financial Condition

Investments

The following table provides a breakdown of our total investments:

	March 31				December 31
	June 30				December 31
	2025				2024
Investment in related party investment fund (Solasglas)	$	~~435~~461,~~341~~265	85.68	%	$	387,144	84.1	%
Other investments:
Private investments and unlisted equities	7174,~~973~~372		1413.19		71,867		15.6
Debt and convertible debt securities	1,~~293~~664		0.3		1,293		0.3
Total other investments	$	7376,~~266~~036	14.42	%	$	73,160	15.9	%
Total investments	$	~~508~~537,~~607~~301	100.0	%	$	460,304	100.0	%

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, our total investments increased by $4877.30 million, or 1016.57%, to $~~508~~537.63 million from December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by $1660.02 million of net contributions into Solasglas, coupled with the net investment return for Q1YTD 2025.

Investments in Solasglas

DME Advisors reports the composition of Solasglas’ portfolio on a delta-adjusted basis, which it believes is the appropriate manner to assess the exposure and profile of investments and reflects how it manages the portfolio. An option’s delta is the option price’s sensitivity to the underlying stock (or commodity) price. The delta-adjusted basis is the number of shares or contracts underlying the option multiplied by the delta and the underlying stock (or commodity) price.

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The following table represents the composition of Solasglas’ investments:

	March 31				December 31
	June 30				December 31
	2025				2024
	Long %		Short %		Long %		Short %
Equities and related derivatives	8292.98	%	(6593.67)	%	73.9	%	(43.3)	%
Private and unlisted equity securities	2.36		—		2.1		—
Debt instruments	0.1		—		0.1		—
Total	8595.35	%	(6593.67)	%	76.1	%	(43.3)	%

The above exposure analysis does not include cash (U.S. dollar and foreign currencies), gold and other commodities, credit default swaps, sovereign debt, foreign currency derivatives, interest rate derivatives, inflation swaps and other macro positions. Under this methodology, a total return swap’s exposure is reported at its full notional amount and options are reported at their delta-adjusted basis. At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, Solasglas’ exposure to gold on a delta-adjusted basis was 1011.92% (December 31, 2024: 10.1%).

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, 9294.85% of Solasglas’ portfolio was valued based on quoted prices in actively traded markets (Level 1), 54.60% was composed of instruments valued based on observable inputs other than quoted prices (Level 2), and a nominal amount was composed of instruments valued based on non-observable inputs (Level 3). At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, 1.65% of Solasglas’ portfolio consisted of private equity funds valued using the funds’ net asset values as a practical expedient.

Other Investments

The other investment holdings relate to private investments made by the Innovations segment. ~~There~~We ~~were~~made nofive new investments and increased our investment in Q1one position during YTD 2025, for a total of $2.7 million. For YTD 2024, we invested $0.4 million.

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Restricted cash and cash equivalents

We use our restricted cash and cash equivalents primarily for funding trusts and letters of credit issued to our ceding insurers. Our restricted cash ~~increased~~decreased by $107.97 million, or 1.93%, from $584.4 million at December 31, 2024, to $~~595~~576.37 million at ~~March~~June 3130, 2025.

Reinsurance balances receivable

Our reinsurance balances receivable increased by $6450.28 million, or 97.12%, to $~~768~~755.73 million from $704.5 million at December 31, 2024. This was driven primarily by $3120.43 million increase in premiums receivable, net of collections, and $3329.3 million in funds withheld from new and renewed reinsurance treaties.

Loss and LAE Reserves; Loss and LAE Recoverable

Our total gross loss and LAE reserves increased by $5584.60 million, or 69.58%, to $~~916~~945.60 million from $861.0 million at December 31, 2024, driven by the increase in earned premium from the renewal of reinsurance treaties and new business, ~~coupled~~an ~~with~~increase in foreign currency translation, and an increase in the overall loss ratio for YTD 2025. This was offset partially by paid losses during Q1YTD 2025. See Note 7 “Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves” of the condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of changes in outstanding loss and LAE reserves and a description of prior period loss developments.

Our total loss and LAE recoverable increased by $28.2 million, or 29.5%, to $8894.0 million from $85.8 million at December 31, 2024. See Note 8 “Retrocession” of the condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of the credit risk associated with our retrocessionaires.

Probable Maximum Loss (“PML”)

At ~~April~~July 1, 2025, our estimated largest PML at a 1-in-250-year return period for a single event, and in aggregate, was $~~122~~132.95 million and $~~136~~145.08 million, respectively, both relating to the peril of North Atlantic Hurricane, compared to $~~116~~122.39 million and $~~129~~136.10 million, respectively, at ~~January~~ April 1, 2025.

3439

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The below table contains the expected modeled loss for each of our peak peril regions and sub-regions for both a single event loss and aggregate loss measures at the 1-in-250-year return period.

April 1, 2025

July 1, 2025

Net 1-in-250 Year Return Period

Peril

Single Event Loss

Aggregate Loss

North Atlantic Hurricane

~~122~~132,~~855~~534

~~135~~145,~~950~~809

Southeast Hurricane

~~106~~116,~~910~~137

~~108~~117,~~463~~635

Gulf of Mexico Hurricane

5766,~~378~~906

6069,~~710~~859

Northeast Hurricane

5964,~~665~~499

5964,~~797~~499

North America Earthquake

~~119~~126,~~223~~814

~~121~~127,~~740~~708

California Earthquake

~~103~~108,~~926~~933

~~104~~109,~~508~~604

Pacific Northwest Earthquake

4647,~~800~~689

New Madrid Earthquake

1817,~~050~~433

Japan Earthquake

3436,~~025~~178

3437,~~701~~078

Japan Windstorm

1922,~~632~~367

2023,~~587~~259

Europe Windstorm

6468,~~573~~621

6973,~~325~~912

Debt

Our total debt decreased by $01.9 million, or 13.51%, to $5958.89 million from $60.7 million at December 31, 2024 due to the quarterly loan installment payment. Refer to Note 9 “Debt and Credit Facilities” of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Total shareholders’ equity

Total shareholders’ equity increased by $3027.94 million to $~~666~~663.83 million, compared to $635.9 million at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the net income of $2930.60 million reported for the period, coupled with share-based compensation adjustment to additional paid-in capital. This was partially offset by $5.0 million of stock repurchases during YTD 2025.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Refer to the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section included in Item 7 of our 2024 Form 10-K for a general discussion of our liquidity and capital resources.

Liquidity

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of funds:

	Three months ended March 31
	Six months ended June 30
	2025		2024
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	1078,~~379~~819	$	1740,~~960~~669
Investing activities	(1562,~~995~~932)		(2970,~~832~~246)
Financing activities	(~~938~~6,875)		(~~938~~11,876)
Effect of currency exchange on cash(1)	226		(114)
Effect of currency exchange on cash	961		(107)
Net cash outflows	(6,328)		(12,924)
Net cash inflows (outflows)	9,973		(41,560)
Cash, beginning of period	649,087		655,730
Cash, beginning of period (1)	649,087		655,730
Cash, end of period	$	~~642~~659,~~759~~060	$	~~642~~614,~~806~~170

(1) Cash includes unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents - see Note 5 of the financial statements.

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Cash provided by operating activities

The $738.62 million ~~decrease~~increase in cash provided by operating activities in YTD 2025 compared to YTD 2024 was driven mainly by the ebb and flow from our underwriting activities. Cash inflows from underwriting activities generally include premiums, net of acquisition costs, and reinsurance recoverables. Cash outflows principally include payments of losses and LAE, payments of retrocession premiums, and operating expenses. Cash provided by operating activities may vary significantly from period to period due to the timing of these inflows and outflows.

Cash used in investing activities

The $137.83 million decrease in cash used for investing activities was driven mainly by the lower net contribution in Solasglas in Q1YTD 2025 compared to Q1YTD 2024.

Cash used in financing activities

~~The~~During ~~cash~~YTD ~~used~~2025, inwe repurchased $5.0 million of our ~~financing~~ordinary ~~activities~~shares, ~~relates~~compared to ~~the~~none ~~quarterly~~in ~~installment~~YTD ~~for~~2024. ~~the~~Additionally, ~~outstanding~~we partially repaid $1.9 million of the Term Loans in YTD 2025, compared to $11.9 million in YTD 2024.

Capital Resources

The following table summarizes our debt and capital structure:

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Term Loans - outstanding principal	$	5958,~~375~~438		$	60,313
Shareholders’ equity	$	~~666~~663,~~804~~318		$	635,879
Ratio of debt to shareholders’ equity	98.09		%	9.5		%

The debt to shareholders’ equity provides an indication of our leverage and capital structure, along with some insights into our financial strength. In addition to the above capital, we also have LC facilities to support our reinsurance business operations where we are not licensed or admitted as a reinsurer.

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Ordinary Shares

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, there were 34,~~557~~198,~~449~~153 outstanding ordinary shares, a decrease of ~~273~~633,~~875~~171 since December 31, 2024, mainly due to 357,278 of share repurchases, coupled with the net forfeited performance restricted stock awards granted in 2022. This was partially offset by the issuance of ordinary shares for vested service RSUs.

We expect that the existing capital base and internally generated funds will be sufficient to implement our business strategy for the foreseeable future.

Secured LC Facilities

See Note 9 “Debt and Credit Facilities” of Q1Q2 2025 Financials. ~~The increase in issued LCs is predominantly due to renewed reinsurance business.~~

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, our contractual obligations and commitments by period due were as follows:

Less than 1 year

1-3 years

3-5 years

More than 5 years

Total

Operating activities

Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves (1)

~~360~~371,~~224~~379

~~316~~326,~~227~~020

~~112~~116,~~742~~233

~~127~~131,~~407~~353

~~916~~944,~~600~~985

Operating lease obligations

~~505~~565

~~206~~1,242

—1,953

—

~~711~~3,760

Financing activities

Debt (2)

23,~~969~~750

5654,~~406~~688

—

5958,~~375~~438

Total

~~363~~375,~~698~~694

~~372~~381,~~839~~950

~~112~~118,~~742~~186

~~127~~131,~~407~~353

~~976~~1,~~686~~007,183

(1) Due to the nature of our reinsurance operations, the amount and timing of the cash flows associated with our reinsurance contractual liabilities will fluctuate, perhaps materially, and, therefore, are highly uncertain.

(2) See Note 9 “Debt and Credit Facilities” of the financial statements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our financial statements contain certain amounts that are inherently subjective and have required management to make assumptions and best estimates to determine reported values. If certain factors, including those described in “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our 2024 Form 10-K, cause actual events or results to differ materially from our underlying assumptions or estimates. In that case, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. The most significant estimates relate to: premium revenues and risk transfer, loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, investment impairments, allowances for credit losses, and share-based compensation.

We believe that the critical accounting estimates discussion in “Part II. Item 7. — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results on Operations” of our 2024 Form 10-K continues to describe the significant estimates and judgments included in the preparation of these financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

At ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, there were no recently issued accounting pronouncements that we have not yet adopted that we expect could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. See Note 2 “Significant Accounting Policies” of the Q1Q2 2025 Financials.

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Refer to Item 7A included in our 2024 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to this item since December 31, 2024, except for the following.

Equity Price Risk

InAt ~~connection with equity securities held by Solasglas at March 31~~June 30, 2025, aSILP ~~10%~~was ~~decline~~net short in ~~the price of each of the underlying~~ listed equity securities ~~and equity-based derivative instruments would result in a $8~~.~~2 million unrealized loss (December 31, 2024: $13.9 million) on our investment in Solasglas.~~

In connection with equity securities held by Solasglas at June 30, 2025, a 10% decline in the price of each of the underlying listed equity securities and equity-based derivative instruments would result in a $0.5 million unrealized gain on our investment in Solasglas.

Commodity Prices Risk

In connection with Solasglas’ long or short investment in commodities or derivatives directly impacted by fluctuations in the prices of commodities, the following table summarizes the net impact that a 10% movement in commodity prices would have on the fair value of Solasglas’ investment portfolio. The below table excludes the indirect effect that changes in commodity prices might have on equity securities in the Solasglas’ investment portfolio.

	10% increase in commodity prices		10% decrease in commodity prices		~~10% decrease in commodity prices~~
At March 31, 2025	($ in millions)
At June 30, 2025	($ in millions)
Gold	$	109.61	$	(7.7)	$	~~(10.7)~~
Copper	23.72		(1.6)		~~(1.6)~~
Uranium	0.45		(0.5)		~~(0.4)~~
Total	$	13.7			$	(12.7)
Crude oil	0.1		(0.1)
Total	$	12.9	$	(9.9)

	10% increase in commodity prices		10% decrease in commodity prices
At December 31, 2024	($ in millions)
Gold	$	7.9	$	(5.9)
Copper	0.9		(0.7)
Uranium	0.4		(0.4)
Total	$	9.2	$	(7.0)

Foreign Currency Risk

InSILP connection with the underlying cash, forwards, options, and investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies held by Solasglas at March 31, 2025, a 10% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies (mostly Euro) would result in a $2.8 million unrealized loss (December 31, 2024: $0.2 million) on our investment in Solasglas.Investment

In connection with the underlying cash, forwards, options, and investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies held by Solasglas at June 30, 2025, a 10% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies (mostly Euro) would result in a $3.0 million unrealized loss on our investment in Solasglas.

Reinsurance Portfolio and Cash

The following table summarizes the net impact of a hypothetical 10% currency rate movement relating to our primary foreign denominated reinsurance net monetary assets or liabilities and cash (including balances held at Lloyd's):


June 30, 2025	Net Asset (Liability) Exposure		10% increase in currency rate		10% decrease in currency rate
British Pound	£	107,409	$	(14,758)	$	14,758
Euro	€	(11,796)	1,391		(1,391)
Total foreign exchange gain (loss)			$	(13,367)	$	13,367

Interest Rate Risk

In connection with the interest rate derivatives held in Solasglas at ~~March 31~~June 30, 2025, a 100 basis points increase in interest rates would result in a $1619.6 million unrealized loss ~~(December 31, 2024: $0.2 million)~~ on our investment in Solasglas.

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Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act, the Company has evaluated, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in such rules) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all frauds. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake.

Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based, in part, upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company continues to review its disclosure controls and procedures, including its internal controls over financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that the Company’s systems evolve with its business.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, in the normal course of business, we may be involved in formal and informal dispute resolution procedures, which may include arbitration or litigation, the outcomes of which determine our rights and obligations under our reinsurance contracts and other contractual agreements. In some disputes, we may seek to enforce our rights under an agreement or to collect funds owing to us. In other matters, we may resist attempts by others to collect funds or enforce alleged rights. While the final outcome of legal disputes cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that any of our existing contractual disputes, when finally resolved, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in this report are any of the risks described in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our 2024 Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on March 10, 2025. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations.

As of ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, there have been no other material changes to the risk factors disclosed in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our 2024 Form 10-K. We may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Refer to Note 10 “Share Capital” of the condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of our share repurchase plan. ~~There were no share repurchases made during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.~~

The table below details the share repurchases that were made under the Plan during the three months ended June 30, 2025:


Shares Purchased Under Publicly Announced Repurchase Program
Period	Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price per Share		Maximum Dollar Amount Still Available Under Share Repurchase Plan
Beginning balance				$	25,000,000
April 1 - 30, 2025	—	$	—	25,000,000
May 1 - 31, 2025	207,016	$	13.71	22,162,265
June 1 - 30, 2025	150,262	$	14.39	20,000,012
Total	357,278			$	20,000,012

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, we repurchased 357,278 ordinary shares at an average price of $13.99 per share, for a total of $5.0 million.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Our directors and executive officers may purchase or sell shares of our ordinary shares in the market from time to time, including pursuant to equity trading plans adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act (“Rule 10b5-1”) and in compliance with guidelines specified by the Company. In accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and our insider trading policy, directors, officers, and certain employees who, at such time, are not in possession of material non-public information about the Company are permitted to enter into written plans that pre-establish amounts, prices and dates (or formula for determining the amounts, prices and dates) of future purchases or sales of the Company’s stock, including shares acquired pursuant to the Company’s equity plans (“Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans”). Under Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or executive officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them.

During the three months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025, we did not have any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 arrangements” (as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K) in place for our directors and officers.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS

10.1*			Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. Short-Term Incentive Plan
10.2*			Second Amended and Restated Exempted Limited Partnership Agreement of Solasglas Investments, LP, between DME Advisors II, LLC, as General Partner, Greenlight Reinsurance, Ltd., Greenlight Reinsurance Ireland, a Designated Activity Company, Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. and the initial limited partner, dated as of January 7, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 12, 2021)
31.1			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer filed hereunder pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
31.2			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer filed hereunder pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
32.1			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer filed hereunder pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
32.2			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer filed hereunder pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
101			The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended ~~March~~June 3130, 2025 formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity; (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed to reflect immaterial updates and amendments.46

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

			GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.
			(Registrant)
			By:			/s/ GREGORY RICHARDSON
						Gregory RichardsonDirector and Chief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)
						May 7, 2025
						August 4, 2025
			By:			/s/ FARAMARZ ROMER
						Faramarz RomerChief Financial Officer(principal financial officer)
						May 7, 2025
						August 4, 2025

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