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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-42607

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Cayman Islands		N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

700 S. Rosemary Avenue, Suite 204

West Palm Beach, FL 33401

(Address of principal executive offices)

(917) 742-1904

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Units, each consisting of one Class A ordinary and three-quarters of one redeemable warrant	IPODU	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share	IPOD	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one Class A ordinary share, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per share	IPODW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☒ No ☐

As of November 14, 2025, there were 14,482,813 Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value and 5,750,000 Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value, issued and outstanding.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Part I. Financial Information		1
Item 1. Financial Statements		1
Condensed Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2024		1
Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and for the period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through September 30, 2024		2
Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit (Unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and for the period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through September 30, 2024		3
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and for the period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through September 30, 2024		4
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)		5
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		17
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures Regarding Market Risk		20
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		20
Part II. Other Information		21
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		21
Item 1A. Risk Factors		21
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		21
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		21
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		22
Item 5. Other Information		22
Item 6. Exhibits		22
Signatures		23

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Interim Financial Statements.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash	$	401,902		$	13,818
Prepaid expenses		76,133			—
Total current assets		478,035			13,818

Deferred offering costs		—			69,160
Marketable securities held in Trust Account		146,497,545			—
TOTAL ASSETS	$	146,975,580		$	82,978

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses	$	1,402		$	6,230
Accrued offering costs		75,000			13,450
Promissory note – related party		—			75,000
Total current liabilities		76,402			94,680
Deferred underwriting fee payable		5,750,000			—
Total Liabilities		5,826,402			94,680
Commitments (see note 6)

Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption 14,375,000 shares at $10.191 per share redemption value		146,497,545			—

Shareholders’ Deficit
Preference shares, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding		—			—
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 107,813 and no shares issued and outstanding (excluding 14,375,000 and no shares subject to possible redemption) at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		11			—
Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 5,750,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		575			575
Additional paid-in capital		—			24,425
Accumulated deficit		(5,348,953	)		(36,702	)
Total Shareholders’ Deficit		(5,348,367	)		(11,702	)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT	$	146,975,580		$	82,978

(1)	At December 31, 2024, included up to 750,000 Class B ordinary shares subject to forfeiture if the over-allotment option was not exercised in fully by the underwriters (see Note 5). As a result of the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their over-allotment option on May 8, 2025, the 750,000 Class B ordinary shares are no longer subject to forfeiture.
(2)	On April, 22, 2025, the Sponsor surrendered 1,150,000 Class B ordinary shares, where the number of outstanding founder shares was reduced to 5,750,000 in the aggregate. All share and per share data have been retrospectively presented (see Note 5).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025			For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through September 30, 2024
Formation and general and administrative costs	$	179,282		$	339,821		$	16,230
Loss from operations		(179,282	)		(339,821	)		(16,230	)

OTHER INCOME
Income earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account		1,514,706			2,388,170			—
Total other income		1,514,706			2,388,170			—

NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	1,335,424		$	2,048,349		$	(16,230	)

Basic weighted average shares outstanding, Class A redeemable ordinary shares		14,375,000			7,663,143			—
Basic net income per share, Class A redeemable ordinary shares	$	0.07		$	0.16		$	—

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A redeemable ordinary shares		14,375,000			7,663,143			—
Diluted net income per share, Class A redeemable ordinary shares	$	0.07		$	0.15		$	—

Basic weighted average shares outstanding, Class A and Class B non-redeemable ordinary shares ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		5,857,813			5,457,290			—
Basic net income per share, Class A and Class B non-redeemable ordinary shares	$	0.07		$	0.16		$	—

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A and Class B non-redeemable ordinary shares ⁽²⁾		5,857,813			5,807,474			5,000,000
Diluted net income (loss) per share, Class A and Class B non-redeemable ordinary shares	$	0.07		$	0.15		$	(0.00	)

(1)	Excluded an aggregate of up to 750,000 Class B ordinary shares subject to forfeiture if the over-allotment option was not exercised in fully by the underwriters at December 31, 2024 (see Note 5). As a result of the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their over-allotment option on May 8, 2025, the 750,000 Class B ordinary shares are no longer subject to forfeiture.
(2)	On April 22, 2025, the Sponsor surrendered 1,150,000 Class B ordinary shares, where the number of outstanding founder shares was reduced to 5,750,000 in the aggregate. All share and per share data have been retrospectively presented.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(UNAUDITED)

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

	Class A Ordinary Shares				Class B Ordinary Shares				Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Deficit
Balance — January 1, 2025⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		—	$	—		5,750,000	$	575	$	24,425		$	(36,702	)	$	(11,702	)

Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			(48,094	)		(48,094	)

Balance – March 31, 2025		—		—		5,750,000		575		24,425			(84,796	)		(59,796	)

Issuance of Representative Shares		107,813		11		—		—		(11	)		—			—

Sale of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants		—		—		—		—		2,000,000			—			2,000,000

Fair value of Public Warrants at issuance		—		—		—		—		970,313			—			970,313

Allocated value of transaction costs to Class A shares		—		—		—		—		(49,402	)		—			(49,402	)

Accretion for Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount		—		—		—		—		(2,945,325	)		(5,845,894	)		(8,791,219	)

Net income		—		—		—		—		—			761,019			761,019

Balance – June 30, 2025		107,813	$	11		5,750,000	$	575	$	—		$	(5,169,671	)	$	(5,169,085	)

Accretion for Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount		—		—		—		—		—			(1,514,706	)		(1,514,706	)

Net income		—		—		—		—		—			1,335,424			1,335,424

Balance – September 30, 2025		107,813	$	11		5,750,000	$	575	$	—		$	(5,348,953	)	$	(5,348,367	)

FOR THE PERIOD FROM SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 (INCEPTION) THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

	Class A Ordinary Shares				Class B Ordinary Shares				Additional Paid-in		Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance — September 13, 2024		—	$	—		—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—

Issuance of ordinary shares		—		—		5,750,000		575		24,425		—			25,000

Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(16,230	)		(16,230	)

Balance – September 30, 2024⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		—	$	—		5,750,000	$	575	$	—	$	(16,230	)	$	8,770

(1)	Class B ordinary shares included an aggregate of 750,000 shares subject to forfeiture if the over-allotment option was not exercised fully by the underwriters (see Note 5). As a result of the underwriters’ election to fully exercise their over-allotment option on May 8, 2025, the 750,000 Class B ordinary shares are no longer subject to forfeiture.
(2)	On April 22, 2025, the Sponsor surrendered 1,150,000 Class B ordinary shares, where the number of outstanding founder shares was reduced to 5,750,000 in the aggregate. All share and per share data have been retrospectively presented (see Note 5).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,			For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through September 30,
	2025			2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$	2,048,349		$	(16,230	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account		(2,388,170	)		—
Payment of operating costs through promissory note		23,500			—
Payment of operating costs through advances from related party		4,320			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(76,133	)		—
Accrued expenses		(4,828	)		16,230
Net cash used in operating activities		(392,962	)		—

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Investment of cash in Trust Account		(144,109,375	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(144,109,375	)		—

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Class B ordinary shares to Sponsor		—			25,000
Proceeds from sale of Units, net of underwriting discounts paid		143,200,000			—
Proceeds from sale of Private Placement Warrants		2,000,000			—
Repayment of advances from related party		(4,320	)		—
Proceeds from promissory note – related party		51,500			—
Repayment of promissory note – related party		(150,000	)		—
Payment of offering costs		(206,759	)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		144,890,421			25,000

Net Change in Cash		388,084			25,000
Cash – Beginning of period		13,818			—
Cash – End of period	$	401,902		$	25,000

Non-Cash investing and financing activities:
Deferred offering costs included in accrued offering costs	$	75,000		$	31,120
Issuance of Class A Representative Shares	$	11		$	—
Accretion of Class A ordinary shares to redemption value	$	10,305,925		$	—
Deferred underwriting fee payable	$	5,750,000		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed financial statements.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

Dune Acquisition Corporation II (the “Company”) is a blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company on September 13, 2024. The Company was incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”). The Company has not selected any specific Business Combination target and the Company has not, nor has anyone on its behalf, engaged in any substantive discussions, directly or indirectly, with any Business Combination target with respect to an initial Business Combination with the Company.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity for the period from September 13, 2024 (inception) through September 30, 2025 relates to the Company’s formation, initial public offering (the “Initial Public Offering”), which is described below, and subsequent to the Initial Public Offering, identifying a target company for a Business Combination. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company generates non-operating income on cash and cash equivalents in the form of interest income from the proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering. The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year end.

The Company’s Sponsor is Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC (the “Sponsor”). The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering was declared effective on May 6, 2025. On May 8, 2025, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 14,375,000 units (the “Units”), which includes the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 1,875,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $143,750,000. Each Unit consists of one Class A ordinary share (“Public Share”) and three-quarters of one redeemable warrant (“Public Warrant”). Each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share. Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) to the Sponsor, at a price of $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $2,000,000. The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the Private Placement Warrants, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be generally applied toward consummating a Business Combination (less deferred underwriting commissions).

Transaction costs amounted to $6,637,469, consisting of $550,000 of cash underwriting fees, $5,750,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $337,469 of other offering costs.

The Company’s Business Combination must be with one or more target businesses that together have a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the net balance in the Trust Account (as defined below) (excluding the amount of deferred underwriting discounts held and taxes payable on the income earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the signing of an agreement to enter into a Business Combination. However, the Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-Business Combination company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or is otherwise not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). There is no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully effect a Business Combination.

Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering on May 8, 2025, an amount of $144,109,375 ($10.025 per Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Units and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants was held in a Trust Account (the “Trust Account”) and initially will be invested only in U.S. government treasury obligations with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act, which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations; the holding of these assets in this form is intended to be temporary and for the sole purpose of facilitating the intended Business Combination. To mitigate the risk that the Company might be deemed to be an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act, which risk increases the longer that it holds investments in the trust account, the Company may, at any time (based on the management team’s ongoing assessment of all factors related to the potential status under the Investment Company Act), instruct the trustee to liquidate the investments held in the trust account and instead to hold the funds in the trust account in cash or in an interest bearing demand deposit account at a bank. Except with respect to interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account that may be released to the Company for taxes payable or up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses, the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants will not be released from the Trust Account until the earliest of (i) the completion of the Company’s initial Business Combination, (ii) the redemption of the Company’s public shares if the Company is unable to complete the initial Business Combination within 15 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering or by such earlier liquidation date as the board of directors may approve (the “Completion Window”), subject to applicable law, or (iii) the redemption of the Company’s public shares properly submitted in connection with a shareholder vote to amend the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to (A) modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with the initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of the Company’s public shares if the Company has not consummated an initial Business Combination within the Completion Window or (B) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial Business Combination activity. The proceeds deposited in the Trust Account could become subject to the claims of the Company’s creditors, if any, which could have priority over the claims of the Company’s public shareholders.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

The Company will provide the Company’s public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem, regardless of whether they abstain, vote for, or against, the Company’s initial business combination, all or a portion of their public shares upon the completion of the initial Business Combination either (i) in connection with a general meeting called to approve the initial Business Combination or (ii) without a shareholder vote by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek shareholder approval of a proposed initial Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion. The public shareholders will be entitled to redeem their shares at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (which interest shall be net of taxes payable) and not previously released to the Company, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, subject to the limitations. The amount in the Trust Account is initially anticipated to be $10.025 per public share.

The ordinary shares subject to redemption will be recorded at a redemption value and classified as temporary equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.”

The Company will have only the duration of the Completion Window to complete the initial Business Combination. However, if the Company is unable to complete its initial Business Combination within the Completion Window, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter (and subject to lawfully available funds therefor), redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable and less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then-outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the remaining shareholders and the board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case to obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law.

The Sponsor, officers and directors intend to enter into a letter agreement with the Company, pursuant to which they will agree to (i) waive their redemption rights with respect to their founder shares and public shares in connection with the completion of the initial Business Combination; (ii) waive their redemption rights with respect to their founder shares and public shares in connection with a shareholder vote to approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with the initial business combination or to redeem 100% of the public shares if the Company has not consummated an initial business combination within the completion window or (B) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity; (iii) waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to their founder shares if the Company fails to complete the initial Business Combination within the Completion Window, although they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to any public shares they hold if the Company fails to complete the initial Business Combination within the Completion Window and to liquidating distributions from assets outside the trust account; and (iv) vote any founder shares held by them and any public shares purchased during or after the Initial Public Offering (including in open market and privately negotiated transactions) in favor of the initial Business Combination.

The Company’s Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or Business Combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $10.025 per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.025 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). However, the Company has not asked the Sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor has the Company independently verified whether the Sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and the Company believes that the Sponsor’s only assets are securities of the Company. Therefore, the Company cannot assure that the Sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had operating cash and cash equivalents of $401,902 and a working capital surplus of $401,633. The Company intends to use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a Business Combination.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with ASC 205-40, “Going Concern,” as of September 30, 2025, the Company may need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its Sponsor, shareholders, officers, directors, or third parties. The Company’s officers, directors and Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction, and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. The Company’s liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of time within one year after the date that the accompanying condensed financial statements are issued. Management plans to address this uncertainty through a Business Combination.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s prospectus for its Initial Public Offering as filed with the SEC on May 8, 2025, as well as the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 14, 2025. The interim results for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any future periods.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statement with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had $401,902 and $13,818 in cash as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account

At September 30, 2025, substantially all of the assets in the Trust Account amounting to $146,497,545 were held in money market funds which invest in U.S. Treasury securities.

Offering Costs

The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A, — “Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees that are related to the Initial Public Offering. FASB ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” addresses the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt into its equity and debt components. The Company applies this guidance to allocate Initial Public Offering proceeds from the Units between Class A ordinary shares and warrants, using the residual method by allocating Initial Public Offering proceeds first to assigned value of the warrants and then to the Class A ordinary shares. Offering costs allocated to the Class A ordinary shares will be charged to temporary equity and offering costs allocated to the Public and Private Placement Warrants were charged to shareholder’s equity as Public and Private Placement Warrants after management’s evaluation were accounted for under equity treatment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under the FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the condensed balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

●

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;

●

Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

●

Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of September 30, 2025, there were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands company with no connection to any other taxable jurisdiction and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was zero for the period presented.

Warrant Instruments

The Company accounted for the Public and Private Placement Warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering and the private placement in accordance with the guidance contained in FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Accordingly, the Company evaluated and classified the warrant instruments under equity treatment at their assigned values.

Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption

The public shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such public shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies public shares subject to possible redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2025, the Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ deficit section of the Company’s condensed balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2025, the Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption reflected in the balance sheet are reconciled in the following table:

Gross proceeds	$	143,750,000
Less:
Proceeds allocated to public warrants		(970,313	)
Class A ordinary shares issuance costs		(6,588,067	)
Plus:
Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value		10,305,925
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, September 30, 2025	$	146,497,545

Net Income per Ordinary Share

The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share.” The Company has two classes of shares, which are referred to as Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Income and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of shares. Net income (loss) per ordinary share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for the respective period. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders adjusts the basic net income (loss) per share attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding for the potentially dilutive impact of outstanding warrants. However, because the warrants are anti-dilutive, they have been excluded from the calculation of diluted income (loss) per ordinary share for the periods presented.

With respect to the accretion of Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption and consistent with ASC Topic 480-10-S99-3A, the Company treated accretion in the same manner as a dividend paid to the shareholders in the calculation of the net income (loss) per ordinary share.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2025				September 30, 2025
	Class A		Class A and Class B		Class A		Class A and Class B
	redeemable		Non-redeemable		redeemable		Non-redeemable
Basic net income per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	948,791	$	386,633	$	1,196,362	$	851,987
Denominator
Basic weighted average ordinary shares outstanding		14,375,000		5,857,813		7,663,143		5,457,290
Basic net income per ordinary share	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.16	$	0.16

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2025				September 30, 2025
	Class A		Class A and Class B		Class A		Class A and Class B
	redeemable		Non-redeemable		redeemable		Non-redeemable
Diluted net income per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	948,791	$	386,633	$	1,165,262	$	883,087
Denominator
Diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding		14,375,000		5,857,813		7,663,143		5,807,474
Diluted net income per ordinary share	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.15	$	0.15

	For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through
	September 30, 2024
	Class A		Class A and Class B
	redeemable		Non-redeemable
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net loss	$	—	$	(16,230	)
Denominator
Basic and diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding		—		5,000,000
Basic and diluted net loss per ordinary share	$	—	$	0.00

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Corporation coverage limit of $250,000. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such account.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating officer decision maker (“CODM”), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on September 13, 2024 (inception).

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (ASC Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s management does not believe the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.

The Company does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements.

NOTE 3. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING

Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering on May 8, 2025, the Company will sold 14,375,000 Units at a purchase price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $143,750,000. Each Unit that consists of one Class A ordinary share and three-quarters of one redeemable warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. Each warrant will become exercisable the later of 30 days after the completion of the initial Business Combination and 12 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering and will expire seven years after the completion of the initial Business Combination, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

Warrants — As of May 8, 2025, there were 12,781,250 warrants outstanding, including 10,781,250 public warrants and 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants.

The Company will not be obligated to deliver any Class A ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, or a valid exemption from registration is available. No warrant will be exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue a Class A ordinary share upon exercise of a warrant unless the Class A ordinary share issuable upon such warrant exercise has been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the warrants. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a warrant, the holder of such warrant will not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle any warrant. In the event that a registration statement is not effective for the exercised warrants, or a valid exemption from registration is not available, the purchaser of a unit containing such warrant will have paid the full purchase price for the unit solely for the Class A ordinary share underlying such unit.

Under the terms of the warrant agreement, the Company has agreed that, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 20 business days, after the closing of its Business Combination, it will use commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC a post-effective amendment to the registration statement for the Initial Public Offering or a new registration statement covering the registration under the Securities Act of the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and thereafter will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the same to become effective within 60 business days following the Company’s initial business combination and to maintain a current prospectus relating to the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement. If a registration statement covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective by the sixtieth (60^th) business day after the closing of the initial Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption. Notwithstanding the above, if the Class A ordinary shares are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of public warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, and in the event the Company does not so elect, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

If the holders exercise their public warrants on a cashless basis, they would pay the warrant exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of Class A ordinary shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of Class A ordinary shares underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “fair market value” of the Class A ordinary shares over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” is the average reported closing price of the Class A ordinary shares for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of exercise is received by the warrant agent or on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants, as applicable.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

Redemption of Warrants When the Price per Class A Ordinary Share Equals or Exceeds $18.00: The Company may redeem the outstanding warrants:

●

in whole and not in part;

●

at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

●

upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption (the “30-day redemption period”); and

●

if, and only if, the closing price of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for adjustments to the number of shares issuable upon exercise or the exercise price of a warrant) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing at least 30 days after completion of the initial business combination and ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

Additionally, if the number of outstanding Class A ordinary shares is increased by a share capitalization payable in Class A ordinary shares, or by a subdivision of ordinary shares or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such share capitalization, subdivision or similar event, the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable on exercise of each warrant will be increased in proportion to such increase in the outstanding ordinary shares. A rights offering made to all or substantially all holders of ordinary shares entitling holders to purchase Class A ordinary shares at a price less than the fair market value will be deemed a share capitalization of a number of Class A ordinary shares equal to the product of (i) the number of Class A ordinary shares actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable under any other equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for Class A ordinary shares) and (ii) the quotient of (x) the price per Class A ordinary share paid in such rights offering and (y) the fair market value. For these purposes (i) if the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for Class A ordinary shares, in determining the price payable for Class A ordinary shares, there will be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion, and (ii) fair market value means the volume weighted average price of Class A ordinary shares as reported during the ten (10) trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the first date on which the Class A ordinary shares trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such rights.

NOTE 4. PRIVATE PLACEMENT

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering on May 8, 2025, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $2,000,000. Each whole warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment.

The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants sold in the Initial Public Offering except that, so long as they are held by the Sponsor, the underwriters, or their permitted transferees, the Private Placement Warrants (i) may not (including the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of these Private Placement Warrants), subject to certain limited exceptions, be transferred, assigned or sold by the holders until 30 days after the completion of the initial Business Combination and (ii) will be entitled to registration rights.

NOTE 5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Founder Shares

On September 27, 2024, the Sponsor made a capital contribution of $25,000, or approximately $0.004 per share, to cover certain of the Company’s expenses, for which the Company issued 6,900,000 founders shares to the Sponsor. On April 22, 2025, the Sponsor surrendered 1,150,000 Class B ordinary shares, where the number of outstanding founder shares was reduced to 5,750,000 in the aggregate. All share and per share data has been retrospectively presented. Up to 750,000 of the founder shares may be surrendered by the Sponsor for no consideration if the underwriters’ over-allotment is not fully exercised. On May 8, 2025, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full as part of the closing of the Initial Public Offering. As such, the 750,000 founder shares are no longer subject to forfeiture.

The Company’s initial shareholders have agreed not to transfer, assign or sell any of their founder shares and any Class A ordinary shares issued upon conversion thereof until the earlier to occur of (i) one year after the completion of the initial Business Combination or (ii) the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction after the initial Business Combination that results in all of the Company’s shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property. Any permitted transferees will be subject to the same restrictions and other agreements of the Company’s initial shareholders with respect to any founder shares (the “Lock-up”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (1) the closing price of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the initial Business Combination or (2) if the Company consummates a transaction after the initial Business Combination which results in the Company’s shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other property, the founder shares will be released from the Lock-up.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

Promissory Note — Related Party

The Sponsor had agreed to loan the Company an aggregate of up to $150,000, as amended, to be used for a portion of the expenses of the Initial Public Offering. The loan was non-interest bearing, unsecured and due at the earlier of September 30, 2025 or the closing of the Initial Public Offering. As of May 8, 2025, the Company had borrowed $150,000 under the promissory note. This amount was repaid at the close of the Initial Public Offering and borrowings under this note are no longer allowed.

Administrative Services Agreement

Commencing on the effective date of the Initial Public Offering, May 6, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement with the Sponsor or an affiliate to pay an aggregate of $15,000 per month for utilities and secretarial and administrative support. Upon completion of a Business Combination or its liquidation, the Company will cease paying these monthly fees. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 the Company incurred and paid $45,000 and $90,000, respectively, for these fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 the Company incurred and paid $75,000 and $125,000, respectively, of which $45,000 is included in the prepaid expenses under balance sheet.

Working Capital Loans

In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (the “Working Capital Loans”). If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds from the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans. Up to $1,500,000 of such Working Capital Loans may be convertible into private placement warrants of the post Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 no such Working Capital Loans were outstanding.

NOTE 6. COMMITMENTS

Risks and Uncertainties

The United States and global markets are experiencing volatility and disruption following the geopolitical instability resulting from the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and the Israel-Hamas conflict. In response to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) deployed additional military forces to eastern Europe, and the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and other countries have announced various sanctions and restrictive actions against Russia, Belarus and related individuals and entities, including the removal of certain financial institutions from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication payment system. Certain countries, including the United States, have also provided and may continue to provide military aid or other assistance to Ukraine and to Israel, increasing geopolitical tensions among a number of nations. The invasion of Ukraine by Russia and the Israel-Hamas conflict and the resulting measures that have been taken, and could be taken in the future, by NATO, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Israel and its neighboring states and other countries have created global security concerns that could have a lasting impact on regional and global economies. Although the length and impact of the ongoing conflicts are highly unpredictable, they could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions and increased cyber-attacks against U.S. companies. Additionally, any resulting sanctions could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and lead to instability and lack of liquidity in capital markets.

Any of the above-mentioned factors, or any other negative impact on the global economy, capital markets or other geopolitical conditions resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Israel-Hamas conflict and subsequent sanctions or related actions, could adversely affect the Company’s search for an initial Business Combination and any target business with which the Company may ultimately consummate an initial Business Combination.

Registration Rights

The holders of the (i) founder shares, which were issued in a private placement prior to the closing of the Initial Public Offering, (ii) private placement warrants which will be issued in a private placement simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering and the Class A ordinary shares underlying such private placement warrants and (iii) private placement warrants that may be issued upon conversion of working capital loans have registration rights to require the Company to register a sale of any of its securities held and any other securities of the company acquired by them prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed on the effective date of the Initial Public Offering. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company registers such securities. In addition, the holders have certain piggyback registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of the initial Business Combination. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

Underwriting Agreement

The underwriters were granted a 45-day option from the date of the Initial Public Offering to purchase up to an additional 1,875,000 units to cover over-allotments, if any. On May 8, 2025, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option, closing on the 1,875,000 additional units simultaneously with the Initial Public Offering.

The underwriters were entitled to an underwriting discount of $550,000 which was paid in cash upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering.

In addition, the underwriters are also entitled to a deferred underwriting discount of $0.40 per unit, or up to $5,750,000, payable to the underwriters for deferred underwriting commissions and will be placed in the Trust Account. The $0.40 per unit will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely on amounts remaining in the Trust Account following all properly submitted shareholder redemption in connection with the consummation of the initial Business Combination.

Representative Shares

The Company issued 107,813 Class A ordinary shares (“Representative Shares”) to the underwriter or its designee, for nominal consideration. With regard to the Representative Shares, the underwriters have agreed (a) not to transfer, assign or sell any such shares without the Company’s written consent until the completion of the initial Business Combination, (ii) to waive their redemption rights (or right to participate in any tender offer) with respect to such shares in connection with the completion of the initial Business Combination, and (iii) to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such shares if the Company does not complete its initial Business Combination within 15 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering.

The Representative Shares have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to a lock-up for a period of 180 days immediately following the commencement of sales of the Initial Public Offering. Pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1), these securities may not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated nor may they be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the commencement of the Initial Public Offering except to any underwriter and selected dealer participating in the Initial Public Offering and their officers or partners, registered persons or affiliates or as otherwise permitted under FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2).

NOTE 7. SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Preference Shares — The Company is authorized to issue a total of 1,000,000 preference shares at par value of $0.0001 each. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no preference shares issued or outstanding.

Class A Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue a total of 200,000,000 ordinary shares at par value of $0.0001 each. At September 30, 2025, there were 107,813 Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding, excluding 14,375,000 Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption. There were no Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024.

Class B Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue a total of 20,000,000 Class B ordinary shares at par value of $0.0001 each. On September 27, 2024, the Company issued 6,900,000 Class B ordinary shares to the Sponsor for $25,000, or approximately $0.004 per share. On April 22, 2025, the Sponsor surrendered 1,150,000 Class B ordinary shares, where the number of outstanding founder shares was reduced to 5,750,000 in the aggregate. All share and per share data have been retrospectively presented. The founder shares included an aggregate of up to 750,000 Class B ordinary shares subject to forfeiture if the over-allotment option is not exercised by the underwriters in full. On May 8, 2025, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full as part of the closing of the Initial Public Offering. As such, the 750,000 founder shares are no longer subject to forfeiture. At September 30, 2025, there were 5,750,000 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding.

The founder shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of the initial Business Combination or earlier at the option of the holder on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like, and subject to further adjustment. In the case that additional Class A ordinary shares, or any other equity-linked securities, are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts sold in the Initial Public Offering and related to or in connection with the closing of the initial Business Combination, the ratio at which Class B ordinary shares convert into Class A ordinary shares will be adjusted (unless the holders of a majority of the outstanding Class B ordinary shares agree to waive such adjustment with respect to any such issuance or deemed issuance) so that the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of all Class B ordinary shares will equal, in the aggregate, 28.4% of the sum of (i) the total number of all Class A ordinary shares outstanding upon the completion of this offering (including any Class A ordinary shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ over-allotment option and excluding the Class A ordinary shares underlying the private placement warrants issued to the sponsor), plus (ii) all Class A ordinary shares and equity-linked securities issued or deemed issued, in connection with the closing of the initial business combination (excluding any shares or equity-linked securities issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the initial business combination and any private placement-equivalent warrants issued to the Sponsor or any of its affiliates or to officers and directors upon conversion of working capital loans) minus (iii) any redemptions of Class A ordinary shares by public shareholders in connection with an initial business combination; provided that such conversion of founder shares will never occur on a less than one-for-one basis.

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

Holders of record of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters to be voted on by shareholders. Unless specified in the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association or as required by the Companies Act or stock exchange rules, an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law and the Company’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, which requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the company, voting together as a single class, and includes a unanimous written resolution. Approval of certain actions requires a special resolution under Cayman Islands law, which (except as specified below) requires the affirmative vote of a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the Company, and pursuant to the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, such actions include amending the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and approving a statutory merger or consolidation with another company.

There is no cumulative voting with respect to the appointment of directors, meaning, following the initial Business Combination, the holders of more than 50% of ordinary shares voted for the appointment of directors can elect all of the directors. Prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, only holders of the Class B ordinary shares will (i) have the right to vote on the appointment and removal of directors and (ii) be entitled to vote on continuing the Company in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including any special resolution required to amend the constitutional documents or to adopt new constitutional documents, in each case, as a result of approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands). Holders of the Class A ordinary shares will not be entitled to vote on these matters during such time. These provisions of the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may only be amended if approved by a special resolution passed by the affirmative vote of at least 90% (or, where such amendment is proposed in respect of the consummation of the initial Business Combination, two-thirds) of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the Company.

NOTE 8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities).

The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

Level 1:

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2:

Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

Level 3:

Unobservable inputs based on our assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on as of September 30, 2025, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value:

Description	Level		September 30, 2025
Assets:
Marketable securities held in Trust account		1	$	146,497,545

The Public Warrants were valued using a Monte-Carlo methodology. The Public Warrants have been classified within shareholders’ deficit and will not require remeasurement after issuance. On May 9, 2025, a fair value of $0.09 per Public Warrant was determined. The following table presents the quantitative information regarding market assumptions used in the valuation of the Public Warrants:

	May 9, 2025
Exercise	$	11.50
Market price of public shares	$	9.96
Term (years)		8.25
Risk-free rate		4.23	%
Volatility		3.33	%

DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

(Unaudited)

NOTE 9. SEGMENT REPORTING

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as a group that includes the Company’s the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer, that collectively review the operating results for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company only has one operating segment.

When evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation the CODM reviews several key metrics, which include the following:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025		For the Period from September 13, 2024 (Inception) through September 30, 2024
General and administrative costs	$	179,282	$	339,821	$	16,230
Interest income earned on Trust Account	$	1,514,706	$	2,388,170	$	—

The key measures of segment profit or loss reviewed by our CODM are interest earned on the Trust Account and general and administrative expenses. The CODM reviews interest earned on the Trust Account to measure and monitor shareholder value and determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust Account funds while maintaining compliance with the trust agreement. General and administrative expenses are reviewed and monitored by the CODM to manage and forecast cash to ensure enough capital is available to complete a business combination within the business combination period. The CODM also reviews general and administrative costs to manage, maintain and enforce all contractual agreements to ensure costs are aligned with all agreements and budget.

NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the condensed financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the condensed financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

References in this report (the “Quarterly Report”) to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refer to Dune Acquisition Corporation II. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors, and references to the “Sponsor” refer to Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report including, without limitation, statements under this Item regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this Quarterly Report, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed in our filings with the SEC. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are qualified in their entirety by this paragraph.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed financial statements and the notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report under “Item 1. Financial Statements”.

Overview

We are a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on September 13, 2024 incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses (the “Business Combination”). We intend to effectuate our Business Combination using cash derived from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, our shares, debt or a combination of cash, shares and debt.

We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete a Business Combination will be successful.

In 2024, the SEC adopted additional rules and regulations relating to special purpose acquisition companies (“SPAC”)s, which became effective on July 1, 2024 (“2024 SPAC Rules”). The 2024 SPAC Rules require, among other matters, (i) additional disclosures relating to SPAC sponsors and related persons; (ii) additional disclosures relating to SPAC Business Combination transactions; (iii) additional disclosures relating to dilution and to conflicts of interest involving sponsors and their affiliates in connection with proposed Business Combination transactions; (iv) additional disclosures regarding projections included in SEC filings in connection with proposed Business Combination transactions; and (v) the requirement that both the SPAC and its target company be co-registrants in connection with registration statements relating to proposed Business Combination transactions. In addition, the SEC’s adopting release provided guidance describing circumstances in which a SPAC could become subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act, including its duration, asset composition, business purpose, and the activities of the SPAC and its management team. The 2024 SPAC Rules may materially affect our ability to negotiate and complete our Initial Business Combination and may increase the costs and time related thereto.

We may seek to extend the Combination Period consistent with applicable laws, regulations and stock exchange rules by amending our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. Such an amendment would require the approval of our public shareholders, who will be provided the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares in connection with the vote on such approval. Such redemptions will decrease the amount held in our Trust Account and our capitalization, and may affect our ability to maintain our listing on Nasdaq. In addition, the Nasdaq rules currently require SPACs (such as us) to complete our initial Business Combination within 36 months following the effective date of our IPO Registration Statement. If we do not meet such 36-month requirement, our securities will likely be subject to a suspension of trading and delisting from Nasdaq.

Results of Operations

We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities from September 13, 2024 (inception) through September 30, 2025 were organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for the Initial Public Offering, described below, and identifying a target company for a Business Combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our Business Combination. We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we had net income of $1,335,424, which consists of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $1,514,706 offset by formation and general and administrative costs of $179,282.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we had a net income of $2,048,349 which consists of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $2,388,170 offset by formation and general and administrative costs of $339,821.

For the period from September 13, 2024 (inception) through September 30, 2024, we had a net loss of $16,230 which consists of formation and general and administrative costs.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern

On May 8, 2025, we consummated the Initial Public Offering of 14,375,000 Units, which included the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 1,875,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit generating gross proceeds of $143,750,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, we completed the sale of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant in a private placement to our Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC (the “Sponsor”), generating gross proceeds of $2,000,000.

Following the Initial Public Offering, the full exercise of the over-allotment option, and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, a total of $144,109,375 ($10.025 per Unit) was placed in the Trust Account. We incurred transaction costs of $6,637,469, consisting of $550,000 of a cash underwriting fee, $5,750,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $337,469 of other offering costs.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, cash used in operating activities was $392,962. Net income of $2,048,349 was affected by interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $2,388,170 offset by the payment of offering costs through promissory note of $23,500 and the payment of operating costs through advances from related party of $4,320. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $80,961 of cash for operating activities.

For the period from September 13, 2024 (inception) through September 30, 2024, cash used in operating activities was $0. Net loss of $16,230 was affected by changes in operating assets and liabilities which used $16,230 of cash for operating activities.

As of September 30, 2025 we had marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $146,497,545 (including approximately $2,388,170 of interest income) consisting of money market funds invested in U.S. treasury securities. We may withdraw interest from the Trust Account to pay taxes, if any. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account (less income taxes payable), to complete our Business Combination. To the extent that our share capital or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our Business Combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.

As of September 30, 2025, we had cash of $401,902. We intend to use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a Business Combination.

In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, our Sponsor, or an affiliate of our Sponsor or certain of our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete a Business Combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into private placement warrants of the post Business Combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants.

We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business. However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a Business Combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our Business Combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our Business Combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our Public Shares upon consummation of our Business Combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such Business Combination.

As of September 30, 2025, we had operating cash and cash equivalents of $401,902 and a working capital surplus of $401,633. We intend to use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a Business Combination.

In connection with Management’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with ASC 205-40, “Going Concern,” as of June 30, 2025, the Company may need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its Sponsor, stockholders, officers, directors, or third parties. Our officers, directors and Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, curtailing operations, suspending the pursuit of a potential transaction, and reducing overhead expenses. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. The Company’s liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of time within one year after the date that the accompanying financial statements are issued. Management plans to address this uncertainty through a Business Combination.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2025. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

Contractual obligations

We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement with the Sponsor or an affiliate to and aggregate of $15,000 per month for utilities and secretarial and administrative support. We began incurring these fees on May 6, 2025 and will continue to incur these fees monthly until the earlier of the completion of the Business Combination and our liquidation.

The underwriters are entitled to a deferred underwriting discount of $0.40 per unit, or up to $5,750,000 in the aggregate. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely on amounts remaining in the Trust Account following all properly submitted shareholder redemptions in connection with the consummation of the initial Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of condensed financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgement. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the condensed financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, actual results could materially differ from those estimates. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we did not have any critical accounting estimates to be disclosed.

Recent Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (ASC Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. Management does not believe the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our condensed financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that during the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level and, accordingly, provided reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As a smaller reporting company under Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to include risk factors in this Quarterly Report. For additional risks relating to our operations, see the section titled “Risk Factors” contained in our final prospectus for the Initial Public Offering filed with the SEC on May 8, 2025. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our final prospectus for the Initial Public Offering filed with the SEC, except as set forth below or as we may disclose from time to time in our future filings with the SEC:

Involvement of members of our management and companies with which they are affiliated in litigation unrelated to our business affairs could impact our ability to consummate an initial business combination.

Members of our management team and companies with which they are affiliated may be involved in litigation relating to their business affairs unrelated to our company. As disclosed in other filings, one example involves a case originally filed in August 2020 in which dMY Technology Group, Inc. and dMY Sponsor, LLC (collectively “dMY”) filed an action in New York State court against Carter Glatt, our Chief Executive Officer, and Captains Neck Holdings, LLC, owned by Mr. Glatt. That case is ongoing and in addition to denying all claims made asserted by plaintiffs, Mr. Glatt and Captain's Neck are pursuing counterclaims that include claims for fraudulent misrepresentation, breach of contract, conversion, and unjust enrichment against Harry L. You, the former Chairman of dMY Technology, Niccolo de Masi, the former CEO of dMY Technology, and Rush Street Interactive (fka dMY Technology Group).

In addition, on July 25, 2025, Captains Neck Holdings LLC filed a separate lawsuit in New York State Court (Index No. 654422/2025) alleging the improper fraudulent conveyance of Captains Neck’s shares held by dMY to the benefit of 52 named defendants, including defendants Harry L. You, Niccolo de Masi, and 50 other recipients. On August 20, 2025, Defendants Harry L. You and Niccolo de Masi submitted a Motion to Stay the case on behalf of all named defendants arguing its relatedness to the case ongoing since 2020. On November 3, 2025, Captains Neck filed an Opposition to the Motion to Stay arguing the fraudulent conveyance is pursuing different claims and names 50 different defendants not involved in the previously filed litigation. Captains Neck argued that if the Court was inclined to issue a Stay, it should only do so on condition that Harry L. You and Niccolo de Masi, the moving defendants seeking the Stay, be required to post an undertaking for approximately $9.1mm, the value of the shares that were fraudulently transferred plus applicable pre-judgement interest since the date of improper transfer. On November 5, 2025, 3 separate groups of named parties filed motions to dismiss the claims.

While these ongoing cases do not represent any material risk to our business, they, like any other litigation unrelated to our business affairs that involves members of our management, could be detrimental to our reputation and could indirectly negatively affect our business going forward.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

On May 8, 2025, we consummated the Initial Public Offering of 14,375,000 Units, which included the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 1,875,000 Units. The Units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating total gross proceeds of $143,750,000. Clear Street LLC. acted as sole book-running manager of the Initial Public Offering. The securities in the offering were registered under the Securities Act on registration statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-285639). The Securities and Exchange Commission declared the registration statements effective on May 6, 2025.

Simultaneous with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor consummated the private placement of an aggregate of 2,000,000 Private Placement Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant, generating total proceeds of $2,000,000. Each whole warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50, subject to adjustment. The issuance was made pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

Of the gross proceeds received from the Initial Public Offering, the full exercise of the over-allotment option and the Private Placement Units, an aggregate of $144,109,375 ($10.025 per Unit) was placed in the Trust Account.

Transaction costs amounted to $6,637,469, consisting of $550,000 of cash underwriting fees, $5,750,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $337,469 of other offering costs.

For a description of the use of the proceeds generated in our Initial Public Offering, see Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

No.		Description of Exhibit
1.1		Underwriting Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, by and among the Company and Clear Street LLC, as representative of the several underwriters.⁽¹⁾
3.1		Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.⁽¹⁾
4.1		Warrant Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent.⁽¹⁾
10.1		Letter Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, among the Company, its executive officers, its directors and Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC. ⁽¹⁾
10.2		Investment Management Trust Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, by and between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as trustee. ⁽¹⁾
10.3		Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, by and between the Company and Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC. ⁽¹⁾
10.4		Private Placement Warrants Purchase Agreement, dated May 6, 2025, by and between the Company and Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC ⁽¹⁾
10.5		Administrative Services Agreement, dated May 6, 2025 by and between the Company and Dune Acquisition Holdings II LLC ⁽¹⁾
31.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*		Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith.
(1)	Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2025, and incorporated by reference herein.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	DUNE ACQUISITION CORPORATION II

Date: November 14, 2025	By:	/s/ Carter Glatt
	Name:	Carter Glatt
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 14, 2025	By:	/s/ Michael Castaldy
	Name:	Michael Castaldy
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Dune Acquisition Corp II 10-Q