UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Fifth Third Auto Trust 2023-1

(Exact name of issuing entity as specified in its charter)

Commission File Number of Issuing Entity: 333-267774-01

Central Index Key Number of Issuing Entity: 0001986424

Fifth Third Holdings Funding, LLC

(Exact name of depositor as specified in its charter)

Commission File Number of Depositor: 333-267774

Central Index Key Number of Depositor: 0001405332

Fifth Third Bank, National Association

(Exact name of sponsor as specified in its charter)

Central Index Key Number of Sponsor: 0000035528

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization of the issuing entity)

36-7706841

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No. of issuing entity)

c/o Fifth Third Holdings Funding, LLC

6111 North River Road

Rosemont, Illinois

60018

(847) 354-7341

(Address and telephone number of principal executive office of issuing entity)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
None	None	None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§ 232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

Registrant does not have any voting or non-voting common equity outstanding held by non-affiliates, has not been involved in bankruptcy proceedings during the past five years and is not a corporate registrant.

Documents Incorporated by Reference. See Exhibit Index.

PART I

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN OMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL INSTRUCTION J TO FORM 10-K:

(a)	Item 1. Business.

(b)	Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

(c)	Item 2. Properties.

(d)	Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments.

Not applicable.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN OMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL INSTRUCTION J TO FORM 10-K:

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Item 6.

[Reserved.]

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures.

Item 9B.

Other Information.

None.

Item 9C.

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable.

PART III

THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN OMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL INSTRUCTION J TO FORM 10-K:

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Item 11.

Executive Compensation.

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)	(1) Not Applicable.

(2)

Not Applicable.

(3)

The exhibits filed in response to Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in Item 15(b) below.

(b)	The exhibits filed in response to Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed below and either included or incorporated by reference as indicated:

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit 3.1		Certificate of Formation for Fifth Third Holdings Funding, LLC (“Fifth Third Funding”) (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form SF-3 of Fifth Third Funding, filed on May 16, 2016 (No. 333-267774)).*

Exhibit 3.2		Limited Liability Company Agreement of Fifth Third Funding (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form SF-3 of Fifth Third Funding, filed on May 16, 2016 (No. 333-267774)).*

Exhibit 4.1		Indenture, dated as of August 23, 2023, between the Issuing Entity and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as indenture trustee (the “Indenture Trustee”) (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed by Fifth Third Funding and the Issuing Entity on August 24, 2023).*

Exhibit 10.1		Receivables Sale Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2023, between Fifth Third, as seller, and Fifth Third Holdings, LLC, as purchaser (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed by Fifth Third Funding and the Issuing Entity on August 24, 2023).*

Exhibit 10.2		Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2023, between Fifth Third Holdings, LLC, as seller, and Fifth Third Funding, as purchaser (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed by Fifth Third Funding and the Issuing Entity on August 24, 2023).*

Exhibit 10.3		Sale Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2023, between Fifth Third Funding, as seller, and the Issuing Entity, as purchaser (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed by Fifth Third Funding and the Issuing Entity on August 24, 2023).*

Exhibit 10.4		Servicing Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2023, among Fifth Third, as servicer, the Issuing Entity and the Indenture Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K filed by Fifth Third Funding and the Issuing Entity on August 24, 2023).*


Exhibit 10.5		Administration Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2023, among Fifth Third, the Issuing Entity and the Indenture Trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 8-K filed by Fifth Third Funding and the Issuing Entity on August 24, 2023).*

Exhibit 10.6		Second Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated as August 23, 2023, among Fifth Third Funding and U.S. Bank Trust National Association, as owner trustee (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 8-K filed by Fifth Third Funding and the Issuing Entity on August 24, 2023).*

Exhibit 10.7		Asset Representations Review Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2023, among the Issuing Entity, Fifth Third, as servicer, and Clayton Fixed Income Services LLC, as asset representations reviewer (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to Form 8-K filed by Fifth Third Funding and the Issuing Entity on August 24, 2023).*

Exhibit 31.1		Certification of the senior officer in charge of securitization of Fifth Third Funding, as depositor, pursuant to Rule 15d-14(d).

Exhibit 33.1		Report on Assessment of Compliance with Servicing Criteria of Fifth Third Bank, National Association.

Exhibit 33.2		Report on Assessment of Compliance with Servicing Criteria of the Indenture Trustee.

Exhibit 34.1		Attestation Report on Assessment of Compliance with Servicing Criteria of Deloitte and Touche LLP on behalf of Fifth Third.

Exhibit 34.2		Attestation Report on Assessment of Compliance with Servicing Criteria of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP on behalf of the Indenture Trustee.

Exhibit 35.1		Servicing Compliance Statement of Fifth Third.

* Incorporated by reference.

(c)

None.

Item 16.

Form 10–K Summary.

Not applicable.

SUBSTITUTE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL INSTRUCTION J(2) TO FORM 10-K:

Item 1112(b) of Regulation AB: Significant Obligors of Pool Assets (Financial information).

Not applicable.

Item 1114(b)(2) of Regulation AB: Credit Enhancement and Other Support, Except for Certain Derivatives Instruments (Financial information).

Not applicable.

Item 1115(b) of Regulation AB: Certain Derivatives Instruments (Financial information).

Not applicable.

Item 1117 of Regulation AB: Legal proceedings.

Except as disclosed in the following paragraph, no legal proceedings are pending against any of Fifth Third Bank, National Association, a national banking association (“Fifth Third”) (in its capacity as an originator contemplated by Item 1110(b) of Regulation AB (the “Originator”), in its capacity as sponsor (the “Sponsor”), in its capacity as

servicer (the “Servicer”) and in its capacity as administrator (the “Administrator”) of Fifth Third Auto Trust 2023-1 (the “Issuing Entity”)), Fifth Third Holdings, LLC, as seller (the “Seller”), Fifth Third Holdings Funding, LLC (the “Depositor”), Wilmington Trust, National Association (the “Indenture Trustee”), U.S. Bank Trust National Association (the “Owner Trustee”), the Issuing Entity, or of which any property of the foregoing is subject, that are material to holders of the asset-backed notes (the “Notes”) or asset-backed certificates (the “Certificates”), and no such proceedings are known to be contemplated by governmental authorities.

On February 3, 2026, certain investors served the Indenture Trustee with a civil complaint, filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, for an unspecified amount of damages arising from alleged breaches of contract and duties related to the Indenture Trustee’s roles as custodian and indenture trustee for certain Tricolor Holdings, LLC asset-backed securitization transactions. The plaintiffs generally assert causes of action related to the Indenture Trustee’s purported failure to comply with certain provisions related to waterfall payments, servicing transition costs and post-event of default duties and related to the Indenture Trustee’s purported failure to perform certain actions as custodian with respect to the related receivables. The Indenture Trustee intends to vigorously defend itself against this legal action. The Indenture Trustee does not believe that the ultimate resolution of this proceeding, or any other Proceedings, would be material to the investors of the Notes.

Item 1119 of Regulation AB: Affiliations and Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.

The information required by Item 1119 of Regulation AB has been previously reported and has been omitted from this report on Form 10-K in reliance on the Instruction to Item 1119.

Item 1122 of Regulation AB: Compliance with Applicable Servicing Criteria.

Fifth Third and the Indenture Trustee (collectively, the “Servicing Parties”) have each been identified by the registrant as parties participating in the servicing function with respect to the asset pool held by the Issuing Entity. Each of the Servicing Parties has completed a report on an assessment of compliance with the servicing criteria set forth in paragraph (d) of Item 1122 of Regulation AB applicable to it (each, a “Servicing Assessment Report”), which Servicing Assessment Reports are attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K. In addition, each of Fifth Third and the Indenture Trustee has provided an attestation report (each, an “Attestation Report”) by a registered public accounting firm, which reports are also attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K. None of the Servicing Assessment Reports prepared by Fifth Third or the Indenture Trustee, and none of the related Attestation Reports, has identified any material instance of noncompliance with the servicing criteria applicable to the respective Servicing Party.

Item 1123 of Regulation AB: Servicer Compliance Statement.

Fifth Third has completed a statement of compliance with applicable servicing criteria (a “Compliance Statement”) signed by an authorized officer of Fifth Third and such Compliance Statement is attached as Exhibit 35.1 to this Form 10-K.

Supplemental Information to be Furnished With Reports Filed Pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act by Registrants Which Have Not Registered Securities Pursuant to Section 12 of the Act.

No annual report or proxy materials have been sent to security holders and no such report or proxy materials are to be furnished to security holders subsequent to the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 30, 2025


FIFTH THIRD HOLDINGS FUNDING, LLC, as Depositor

By:		/s/ Brennen Willingham
Name:		Brennen Willingham
Title:		President
(senior officer in charge of securitization)

Large accelerated filer:

Accelerated filer:

Non-accelerated filer:

Smaller reporting company:

Emerging growth company:

Fifth Third Auto Trust 2023-1 10-K