UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

SANTANDER DRIVE AUTO RECEIVABLES TRUST 2023-5

(Exact name of issuing entity as specified in its charter)

Commission file number of the issuing entity: 333-261901-12

Central Index Key Number of issuing entity: 0001993879

SANTANDER DRIVE AUTO RECEIVABLES LLC

(Exact name of depositor as specified in its charter)

Commission file number of depositor: 333-261901

Central Index Key Number of depositor: 0001383094

SANTANDER CONSUMER USA INC.

(Exact name of sponsor as specified in its charter)

Central Index Key Number of sponsor: 0001540151

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization of the issuing entity)

92-6556495

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No. of the issuing entity)

c/o Santander Drive Auto Receivables LLC

1601 Elm Street, Suite 800

Dallas, Texas 75201

(Address of principal executive offices)

(214) 292-1930

(Telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: None

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

Registrant has no voting or non-voting common equity outstanding held by non-affiliates.

Documents Incorporated by Reference. See Exhibit Index.

PART I

The following items have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction J to Form 10-K:


Item 1		Business
Item 1A		Risk Factors
Item 1C		Cybersecurity
Item 2		Properties
Item 3		Legal Proceedings

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Nothing to report.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Substitute information provided in accordance with General Instruction J to Form 10-K:

Item 1112(b) of Regulation AB. Significant Obligors of Pool Assets (Financial Information)

Nothing to report.

Item 1114(b)(2) of Regulation AB. Credit Enhancement and Other Support, Except for Certain Derivatives Instruments (Information Regarding Significant Enhancement Providers)

Nothing to report.

Item 1115(b) of Regulation AB. Certain Derivatives Instruments (Financial Information)

Nothing to report.

Item 1117 of Regulation AB. Legal Proceedings.

Wilmington Trust, National Association (“WTNA”), as the owner trustee, has provided the following information:

On February 3, 2026, certain investors served WTNA with a civil complaint, filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, for an unspecified amount of damages arising from alleged breaches of contract and duties related to WTNA’s roles as custodian and indenture trustee for certain Tricolor Holdings, LLC asset-backed securitization transactions. The plaintiffs generally assert causes of action related to WTNA’s purported failure to comply with certain provisions related to waterfall payments, servicing transition costs and post-event of default duties and related to WTNA’s purported failure to perform certain actions as custodian with respect to the related receivables. WTNA intends to vigorously defend itself against this legal action.

PART II

The following items have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction J to Form 10-K:


Item 5		Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Item 6		[Reserved]
Item 7		Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A		Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Item 8		Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 9		Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A		Controls and Procedures

Item 9B.

Other Information

None.

Item 9C.

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

PART III

The following items have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction J to Form 10-K:


Item 10		Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
Item 11		Executive Compensation
Item 12		Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13		Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Item 14		Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Substitute information provided in accordance with General Instruction J to Form 10-K:

Item 1119 of Regulation AB. Affiliations and Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

Information required by Item 1119 of Regulation AB has been omitted from this report on Form 10-K in reliance on the Instruction to Item 1119.

Item 1122 of Regulation AB. Compliance with Applicable Servicing Criteria

Each of Santander Consumer USA Inc., Santander Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A. (each, a “Servicing Participant”) have been identified by the issuing entity as parties participating in the servicing function with respect to the pool assets held by the issuing entity. Each of the Servicing Participants has completed a report on an assessment of compliance with the servicing criteria applicable to it (each, a “Report on Assessment”), which Reports on Assessment are attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K. In addition, each of the Servicing Participants has provided an attestation report (each, an “Attestation Report”) by one or more registered public accounting firms, which reports are also attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K.

None of the Reports on Assessment or the related Attestation Reports has identified any material instances of noncompliance with the servicing criteria described in the related Report on Assessment as being applicable to such Servicing Participant.

Item 1123 of Regulation AB. Servicer Compliance Statements

Santander Consumer USA Inc. and Santander Bank, N.A. have each been identified by the issuing entity as the servicers with respect to the asset pool held by the issuing entity. Each of Santander Consumer USA Inc. and Santander Bank, N.A. have completed a statement of compliance with applicable servicing criteria (a “Compliance Statement”) signed by an authorized officer of such party. The Compliance Statements are attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K.

PART IV

Item 15.

Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules


(a)(1)		Not Applicable.
(a)(2)		Not Applicable.
(a)(3)		See Item 15(b) below.

(b)		Exhibits

The exhibits listed below are either included or incorporated by reference as indicated:


Exhibit No.		Description

3.1		Certificate of Formation of Santander Drive (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form SF-3 filed by Santander Drive (Commission File No. 333-284121) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 3, 2025)

3.2		Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Santander Drive dated as of March 7, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form SF-3 filed by Santander Drive (Commission File No. 333-261901) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 27, 2021)

3.3		First Amendment to Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2017, by SC, as sole equity member (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Form SF-3 filed by Santander Drive (Commission File No. 333-261901) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 27, 2021)

4.1		Indenture, dated as of October 18, 2023, between Santander Drive Auto Receivables Trust 2023-5, as issuer (the “Issuer”), and Citibank, N.A., as indenture trustee (the “Indenture Trustee”) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Form 8-K filed by the Issuer (Commission File No. 333-261901-12) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 18, 2023)

10.1		Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2023, between SC and Santander Drive (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Form 8-K filed by the Issuer (Commission File No. 333-261901-12) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 18, 2023)

10.2		Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2023, among the Issuer, Santander Drive, Santander Bank, N.A. (“SBNA”), as servicer (as successor to SC) and the Indenture Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Form 8-K filed by the Issuer (Commission File No. 333-261901-12) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 18, 2023)

10.3		Administration Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2023, among the Issuer, SC, as administrator, and the Indenture Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Form 8-K filed by the Issuer (Commission File No. 333-261901-12) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 18, 2023)

10.4		Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2023, between Santander Drive and Wilmington Trust, National Association, not in its individual capacity but solely as owner trustee for the Issuer (the “Owner Trustee”) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of Form 8-K filed by the Issuer (Commission File No. 333-261901-12) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 18, 2023)


10.5		Asset Representations Review Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2023, among the Issuer, SC, as sponsor, SBNA, as servicer (as successor to SC), and Clayton Fixed Income Services, LLC, as asset representations reviewer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of Form 8-K filed by the Issuer (Commission File No. 333-261901-12) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 18, 2023)

31.1		Certification (Santander Drive)

33.1		Management’s Assessment of Compliance with SEC Regulation AB Servicing Criteria (SC and SBNA)

33.2		Assessment of Compliance with the Applicable Servicing Criteria (Citibank, N.A.)

34.1		Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP with respect to SC and SBNA)

34.2		Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (KPMG LLP with respect to Citibank, N.A.)

35.1		Servicer Compliance Statement (SC)

35.2		Servicer Compliance Statement (SBNA)

99.1		Omnibus Amendment to Sale and Servicing Agreement, Amended and Restated Trust Agreement and Indenture, dated as of March 27, 2025, between the Issuer, Santander Drive, SC, the Owner Trustee and the Indenture Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 on Form 8-K filed by the Issuer (Commission File No. 333-261901-12) with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2025)

(c)	Not Applicable.

Item 16.

Form 10-K Summary

None.

Supplemental information to be Furnished With Reports Filed Pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act by Registrants Which Have Not Registered Securities Pursuant to Section 12 of the Act

No annual report, proxy statement, form of proxy or other proxy soliciting material has been sent to certificateholders, and the registrant does not presently contemplate sending any such materials subsequent to the filing of this report.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 26, 2026


SANTANDER DRIVE AUTO RECEIVABLES LLC, as depositor

By:		/s/ Corey Henry
Name:		Corey Henry
Title:		President and Chief Executive Officer (senior officer in charge of securitization of the depositor)

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

SANTANDER DRIVE AUTO RECEIVABLES LLC 10-K