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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-35456

ALLISON TRANSMISSION HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware	26-0414014
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
One Allison Way
Indianapolis, IN	46222
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(317) 242-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	ALSN	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 16, 2025, there were 83,228,716 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	6

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46

Item 5.	Other Information	47

Item 6.	Exhibits	48

	Signatures	49

Table of Contents

     PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

    

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited, dollars in millions, except share and per share data)


	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	902		$	781
Accounts receivable – net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1		329			360
Inventories		331			315
Other current assets		109			82
Total Current Assets		1,671			1,538
Marketable securities		23			11
Property, plant and equipment, net		834			803
Intangible assets, net		816			822
Goodwill		2,075			2,075
Other non-current assets		98			87
TOTAL ASSETS	$	5,517		$	5,336
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	192		$	212
Product warranty liability		34			31
Current portion of long-term debt		5			5
Deferred revenue		35			41
Other current liabilities		172			217
Total Current Liabilities		438			506
Product warranty liability		47			36
Deferred revenue		101			95
Long-term debt		2,393			2,395
Deferred income taxes		545			501
Other non-current liabilities		152			152
TOTAL LIABILITIES		3,676			3,685
Commitments and contingencies (see Note P)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,880,000,000 shares authorized, 83,328,575 shares issued and outstanding and 85,776,801 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		1			1
Non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding		—			—
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding		—			—
Paid in capital		1,953			1,940
Accumulated deficit		(70	)		(239	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(43	)		(51	)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		1,841			1,651
TOTAL LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	5,517		$	5,336

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(unaudited, dollars in millions, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net sales	$	693		$	824		$	2,273		$	2,429
Cost of sales		364			428			1,164			1,273
Gross profit		329			396			1,109			1,156
Selling, general and administrative		82			85			270			253
Engineering — research and development		43			51			130			146
Operating income		204			260			709			757
Interest expense, net		(24	)		(21	)		(67	)		(68	)
Other income (expense), net		2			10			15			(2	)
Income before income taxes		182			249			657			687
Income tax expense		(45	)		(49	)		(133	)		(131	)
Net income	$	137		$	200		$	524		$	556
Basic earnings per share attributable to common stockholders	$	1.63		$	2.30		$	6.24		$	6.39
Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders	$	1.63		$	2.27		$	6.16		$	6.32
Comprehensive income, net of tax	$	131		$	199		$	532		$	549

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited, dollars in millions)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	524		$	556
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment		87			82
Deferred income taxes		46			(12	)
Stock-based compensation		20			20
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable securities		(11	)		8
Amortization of intangible assets		5			8
Amortization of deferred financing fees		5			2
Pension settlement loss		—			4
Technology-related investments loss		—			1
Other		—			2
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		37			(36	)
Inventories		(11	)		(50	)
Accounts payable		(38	)		36
Other assets and liabilities		(71	)		(31	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		593			590
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions of long-lived assets		(101	)		(68	)
Investment in equity method investee		(4	)		(4	)
Investment in debt securities		(3	)		—
Proceeds from sale of assets		—			4
Investment in equities without a readily determinable fair value		—			(2	)
Net cash used for investing activities		(108	)		(70	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repurchases of common stock		(282	)		(133	)
Dividend payments		(69	)		(66	)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards		(15	)		(9	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		8			28
Debt financing fees		(6	)		(4	)
Payments on long-term debt		(4	)		(103	)
Net cash used for financing activities		(368	)		(287	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		4			—
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		121			233
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		781			555
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	902		$	788
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Income taxes paid	$	(101	)	$	(150	)
Interest paid	$	(87	)	$	(91	)
Interest received from interest rate swaps	$	6		$	10
Non-cash investing activities:
Capital expenditures in liabilities	$	24		$	30

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(unaudited, dollars in millions)


	Three Months Ended
	Common Stock		Non-voting Common Stock		Preferred Stock		Paid-in Capital		Accumulated (Deficit) Income			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of tax			Stockholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1,919	$	(399	)	$	(37	)	$	1,484
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		6		—			—			6
Pension and OPEB liability adjustment		—		—		—		—		—			(3	)		(3	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		—		—			8			8
Interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—		—			(6	)		(6	)
Issuance of common stock		—		—		—		5		—			—			5
Repurchase of common stock		—		—		—		—		(51	)		—			(51	)
Dividends on common stock ($0.25 per share)		—		—		—		—		(22	)		—			(22	)
Net income		—		—		—		—		200			—			200
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1,930	$	(272	)	$	(38	)	$	1,621
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1,946	$	(157	)	$	(37	)	$	1,753
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		6		—			—			6
Pension and OPEB liability adjustment		—		—		—		—		—			(2	)		(2	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		—		—			(1	)		(1	)
Interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—		—			(3	)		(3	)
Issuance of common stock		—		—		—		1		—			—			1
Repurchase of common stock		—		—		—		—		(27	)		—			(27	)
Dividends on common stock ($0.27 per share)		—		—		—		—		(23	)		—			(23	)
Net income		—		—		—		—		137			—			137
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1,953	$	(70	)	$	(43	)	$	1,841

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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	Nine Months Ended
	Common Stock		Non-voting Common Stock		Preferred Stock		Paid-in Capital			Accumulated (Deficit) Income			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of tax			Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1,891		$	(628	)	$	(31	)	$	1,233
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		20			—			—			20
Pension and OPEB liability adjustment		—		—		—		—			—			(2	)		(2	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			—			1			1
Interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			—			(6	)		(6	)
Issuance of common stock		—		—		—		19			—			—			19
Repurchase of common stock		—		—		—		—			(134	)		—			(134	)
Dividends on common stock ($0.75 per share)		—		—		—		—			(66	)		—			(66	)
Net income		—		—		—		—			556			—			556
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1,930		$	(272	)	$	(38	)	$	1,621
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1,940		$	(239	)	$	(51	)	$	1,651
Stock-based compensation		—		—		—		20			—			—			20
Pension and OPEB liability adjustment		—		—		—		—			—			(5	)		(5	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			—			18			18
Interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			—			(5	)		(5	)
Issuance of common stock		—		—		—		(7	)		—			—			(7	)
Repurchase of common stock		—		—		—		—			(286	)		—			(286	)
Dividends on common stock ($0.81 per share)		—		—		—		—			(69	)		—			(69	)
Net income		—		—		—		—			524			—			524
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	1,953		$	(70	)	$	(43	)	$	1,841

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE A. OVERVIEW

Overview

Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Allison” or the “Company”) is a leading designer and manufacturer of propulsion solutions for commercial and defense vehicles and the largest global manufacturer of medium- and heavy-duty fully automatic transmissions. The business was founded in 1915 and has been headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana since inception. Allison is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “ALSN”.

The Company has a global presence by serving customers in North America, Asia, Europe, South America, and Africa, with approximately 77% of its revenues being generated in North America in 2024. The Company serves customers through an independent network of approximately 1,600 independent distributor and dealer locations worldwide.

NOTE B. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The information herein reflects all normal recurring material adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair statement of the results for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated financial statements herein consist of all wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries with all significant intercompany transactions eliminated.

These condensed consolidated financial statements present the financial position, results of comprehensive income, cash flows and statements of stockholders’ equity of the Company. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2025. The interim period financial results for the three- and nine-month periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Estimates include, but are not limited to, sales incentives, government price adjustments, fair market values and future cash flows associated with goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles, definite-lived intangibles, long-lived asset impairment tests, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, warranty liabilities, core deposit liabilities, determination of discount rate and other assumptions for pension and other post-retirement benefit ("OPEB") expense, income taxes and deferred tax valuation allowances, derivative valuation, assumptions for business combinations and contingencies. The Company’s accounting policies involve the application of judgments and assumptions made by management that include inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and from the assumptions used in the preparation of the Company's financial statements. Changes in estimates are recorded in results of operations in the period that the events or circumstances giving rise to such changes occur.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued authoritative accounting guidance to improve income tax disclosures by requiring disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. The guidance will become effective for the Company beginning with its fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The guidance may be applied prospectively with the option to apply it retrospectively. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements but will result in additional disclosures.

In July 2025, the FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance providing a practical expedient related to the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from contracts with customers. The guidance will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2026 and will be applied prospectively. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this practical expedient on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance, which was subsequently amended, requiring additional disaggregation of certain expense and cost line items presented in the financial statements and in the notes to the financial statements. The guidance will become effective for the Company beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2027 and the subsequent interim periods. Early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. Management is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance to modernize the accounting for costs related to internal-use software. The new guidance removes the software project development stages and provides new guidance on evaluating if the probable-to-complete recognition threshold has been met. The guidance will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2028 with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance may be applied prospectively, retrospectively or using a modified transition approach. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

All other recently issued accounting pronouncements were assessed as either not applicable to the Company or were not expected to have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE C. REVENUE

Revenue is recognized as each distinct performance obligation within a contract is satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The Company enters into long-term agreements (“LTAs”) and distributor agreements with certain customers. The LTAs and distributor agreements do not include committed volumes until underlying purchase orders are issued; therefore, the Company determined that purchase orders are the contract with a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied, as there is no right of return.

Some of the Company's contracts include multiple performance obligations, most commonly the sale of both a transmission and extended transmission coverage ("ETC"). The Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract.

The Company may also use volume-based discounts and rebates as marketing incentives in the sales of both vehicle propulsion solutions and service parts, which are accounted for as variable consideration. The Company records the impact of the incentives as a reduction to revenue when it is determined that the adjustment is not likely to reverse. The Company estimates the impact of all other incentives based on the related sales and market conditions in the end market vocation. The Company recorded no material adjustments based on variable consideration during any of the three or nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.

Net sales are made on credit terms, generally 30 days, based on an assessment of the customer’s creditworthiness. For certain goods or services, the Company receives consideration prior to satisfying the related performance obligation. Such consideration is recorded as a contract liability in current and non-current deferred revenue as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. See "Note J. Deferred Revenue” for more information, including the amount of revenue earned during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 that had been previously deferred. The Company had no material contract assets as of either September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

The Company has one operating segment and reportable segment. The Company is in one line of business, which is the design, manufacture and distribution of vehicle propulsion solutions. The following presents disaggregated revenue by categories that best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors (dollars in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
North America On-Highway	$	327	$	457	$	1,179	$	1,333
Outside North America On-Highway		122		126		376		369
Global Off-Highway		7		20		41		89
Defense		78		53		194		144
Service Parts, Support Equipment and Other		159		168		483		494
Total Net Sales	$	693	$	824	$	2,273	$	2,429

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NOTE D. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following components (dollars in millions):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Purchased parts and raw materials	$	175	$	162
Work in progress		22		17
Finished goods		71		79
Service parts		63		57
Total inventories	$	331	$	315

Inventory components shipped to third parties, primarily cores, parts to re-manufacturers, and parts to contract manufacturers, which the Company has an obligation to buy back, are included in purchased parts and raw materials, with an offsetting liability in Other current liabilities. See "Note L. Other Current Liabilities” for more information.

NOTE E. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the carrying value of the Company’s Goodwill was $2,075 million.

The following presents a summary of other intangible assets (dollars in millions):


	September 30, 2025							December 31, 2024
	Intangible assets, gross		Accumulated amortization			Intangible assets, net		Intangible assets, gross		Accumulated amortization			Intangible assets, net
Other intangible assets:
Trade name	$	791	$	—		$	791	$	791	$	—		$	791
Customer relationships — commercial		839		(838	)		1		839		(837	)		2
Proprietary technology		507		(483	)		24		507		(481	)		26
Customer relationships — defense		62		(62	)		—		62		(59	)		3
Non-compete agreement		1		(1	)		—		1		(1	)		—
Total	$	2,200	$	(1,384	)	$	816	$	2,200	$	(1,378	)	$	822

Amortization expense related to other intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is expected to be (dollars in millions):


	2026		2027		2028		2029		2030
Amortization expense	$	3	$	3	$	2	$	2	$	2

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NOTE F. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is the price (exit price) that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. The accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy defined by the relevant guidance are as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.

Level 2 — Inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes financial instruments that are valued using quoted prices in markets that are not active and those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies in which all significant value-drivers are observable in active markets or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Certain inputs are unobservable or have little or no market data available. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. At each balance sheet date, the Company performs an analysis of all instruments subject to authoritative accounting guidance and includes, in Level 3, all of those whose fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did not have any Level 3 financial assets or liabilities.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and (liabilities) measured at fair value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):


	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)				TOTAL
	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024			September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Cash equivalents	$	738		$	664		$	—	$	—	$	738		$	664
Marketable securities		23			11			—		—		23			11
Rabbi trust assets		24			20			—		—		24			20
Deferred compensation obligation		(24	)		(20	)		—		—		(24	)		(20	)
Debt securities		—			—			3		—		3			—
Derivative assets		—			—			—		5		—			5
Total	$	761		$	675		$	3	$	5	$	764		$	680

The Company’s valuation techniques used to calculate the fair value of cash equivalents, marketable securities, assets held in the rabbi trust and the deferred compensation obligation represent a market approach in active markets for identical assets that qualify as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. A description of the Company’s Level 1 assets is as follows:

•

Cash equivalents consist primarily of short-term U.S. government backed securities and time deposits.

•

Marketable securities consist of publicly traded stock of Jing-Jin Electric Technologies Co. Ltd., which has a readily determinable fair value.

•

Rabbi trust assets consist principally of publicly available mutual funds and target date retirement funds.

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•

Deferred compensation obligation is directly related to the fair value of assets held in the rabbi trust.

The Company's debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and qualify as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s valuation techniques used to calculate the fair value of derivative instruments represent a market approach with observable inputs that qualify as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company uses valuations from the issuing financial institutions for the fair value measurement of interest rate swaps. The floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), which is observable at commonly quoted intervals. The fair values are included in Other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. See "Note H. Derivatives” for more information regarding the Company's interest rate swaps.

The Company holds equity securities in unconsolidated entities without a readily determinable fair value. Each of these investments represents a less than 20% ownership interest in the respective privately-held entity, and the Company does not maintain significant influence over or control of any of the entities. The Company has elected the measurement alternative and measures the investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus adjustments related to observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. These equity investments are recorded in Other non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in the value recorded in Other income (expense), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. As of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held equity securities without a readily determinable fair value of $7 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, no impairment charges or adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer occurred for any of these investments.

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NOTE G. DEBT

Long-term debt and maturities are as follows (dollars in millions):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Long-term debt:
Senior Notes, fixed 4.75%, due 2027	$	400	$	400
Senior Notes, fixed 5.875%, due 2029		500		500
Senior Notes, fixed 3.75%, due 2031		1,000		1,000
Senior Secured Credit Facility Term Loan, variable, due 2031		510		514
Total long-term debt	$	2,410	$	2,414
Less: current maturities of long-term debt		5		5
deferred financing costs, net		12		14
Total long-term debt, net	$	2,393	$	2,395

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had $2,410 million of indebtedness associated with Allison Transmission, Inc.’s (“ATI”), the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, 4.75% Senior Notes due October 2027 (“4.75% Senior Notes”), ATI’s 5.875% Senior Notes due June 2029 (“5.875% Senior Notes”), ATI’s 3.75% Senior Notes due January 2031 (“3.75% Senior Notes” and, together with the 4.75% Senior Notes and 5.875% Senior Notes, the “Senior Notes”) and the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of March 29, 2019, as amended (the “Credit Agreement”), governing ATI’s term loan facility in the amount of $510 million due March 2031 (“Term Loan”) and ATI’s revolving credit facility with commitments in the amount of $750 million due March 2029 (“Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan, the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”).

The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt obligations as of September 30, 2025 was $2,332 million. The fair value is based on quoted Level 2 market prices of the Company’s debt as of September 30, 2025. The difference between the fair value and carrying value of the long-term debt is driven primarily by trends in the financial markets.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

The borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility are collateralized by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company, ATI and certain existing and future U.S. subsidiary guarantors, as provided in the Credit Agreement. Interest on the Term Loan, as of September 30, 2025, is either (a) 1.75% over a SOFR rate on deposits in U.S. dollars for one-, three- or six-month periods (or a twelve-month period if, at the time of the borrowing, consented to by all relevant lenders and the administrative agent) ("Term SOFR"), or (b) 0.75% over the greater of the prime lending rate as quoted by the administrative agent, the Term SOFR rate for an interest period of one month plus 1.00% and the federal funds effective rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 0.50%, subject to a 1.00% floor (the "Base Rate"). As of September 30, 2025, the Company elected to pay the lowest all-in rate of Term SOFR plus the applicable margin, or 5.90%, on the Term Loan. The Credit Agreement requires minimum quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan, as well as prepayments from certain net cash proceeds of non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation events, the incurrence of certain debt and from a percentage of excess cash flow, if applicable. The minimum required quarterly principal payment on the Term Loan through its maturity date of March 2031 is $1 million. As of September 30, 2025, there had been no payments required for certain net cash proceeds of non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation events. The remaining principal balance is due upon maturity.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility also provides a Revolving Credit Facility, net of an allowance for up to $75 million in outstanding letters of credit commitments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company made no withdrawals on the Revolving Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had $745 million available under the Revolving Credit Facility, net of $5 million in letters of credit. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a variable base rate plus an applicable margin based on the Company’s

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first lien net leverage ratio. When the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio is above 4.00x, interest on the Revolving Credit Facility is (a) 0.75% over the Base Rate or (b) 1.75% over the Term SOFR rate; when the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio is equal to or less than 4.00x and above 3.50x, interest on the Revolving Credit Facility is (i) 0.50% over the Base Rate or (ii) 1.50% over the Term SOFR rate; and when the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio is equal to or below 3.50x, interest on the Revolving Credit Facility is (y) 0.25% over the Base Rate or (z) 1.25% over the Term SOFR rate. As of September 30, 2025, the applicable margin for the Revolving Credit Facility was 1.25%. In addition, there is an annual commitment fee, based on the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio, on the average unused revolving credit borrowings available under the Revolving Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2025, the commitment fee was 0.25%. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are payable at the option of the Company throughout the term of the Revolving Credit Facility with the balance due in March 2029.

The Senior Secured Credit Facility requires the Company to maintain a specified maximum first lien net leverage ratio of 5.50x when revolving loan commitments remain outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility at the end of a fiscal quarter. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had no amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility; however, the Company would have been in compliance with the maximum first lien net leverage ratio, achieving a (0.35x) ratio. Additionally, within the terms of the Senior Secured Credit Facility, a first lien net leverage ratio at or below 4.00x results in the elimination of excess cash flow payments on the Senior Secured Credit Facility for the applicable year.

In addition, the Credit Agreement, among other things, includes customary restrictions (subject to certain exceptions) on the Company’s ability to incur certain indebtedness, grant certain liens, make certain investments, engage in acquisitions, consolidations and mergers, declare or pay certain dividends or repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Senior Notes

Each series of the Senior Notes is unsecured and is guaranteed by each of ATI’s domestic subsidiaries that is a borrower under or guarantees the Senior Secured Credit Facility and is unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by any of ATI’s future domestic subsidiaries that are borrowers under or guarantee the Senior Secured Credit Facility. None of ATI’s domestic subsidiaries currently guarantee its obligations under the Senior Secured Credit Facility, and therefore none of ATI’s domestic subsidiaries currently guarantee any series of the Senior Notes. The indentures governing the Senior Notes contain negative covenants restricting or limiting the Company’s ability to, among other things: incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase the Company’s capital stock, make certain investments, permit payment or dividend restrictions on certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, sell assets, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, and consolidate or merge or sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the indentures governing the Senior Notes.

ATI may from time to time seek to retire its Senior Notes through cash purchases, exchanges for equity securities, open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, contractual redemptions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors and will be in accordance with the respective indenture governing such notes. The amounts involved may be material. Some or all of the 4.75% Senior Notes and the 5.875% Senior Notes may be redeemed at any time at redemption prices specified in the indentures governing such notes. Prior to January 30, 2026, ATI may redeem some or all of the 3.75% Senior Notes by paying a price equal to 100.00% of the principal amount being redeemed, plus an “applicable premium”. At any time on or after January 30, 2026, ATI may redeem some or all of the 3.75% Senior Notes at redemption prices specified in the indenture governing such notes.

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NOTE H. DERIVATIVES

The Company is subject to interest rate risk related to the Senior Secured Credit Facility and entered into interest rate swaps to manage a portion of this exposure. The interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges that qualified for hedge accounting under the hypothetical derivative method and effectively hedged $500 million of the variable rate debt associated with the Term Loan at the Term SOFR weighted average fixed rate of 2.81% through September 2025.

Fair value adjustments associated with the interest rate swaps were recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (“AOCL”) in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Balances in AOCL were reclassified to earnings when transactions related to the underlying risk were settled.

In September 2025, all of the Company's interest rate swap contracts reached maturity and were terminated. See "Note F. Fair Value of Financial Instruments” for information regarding the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps. The following tabular disclosures further describe the Company’s interest rate swap derivatives qualifying and designated for hedge accounting and their impact on the financial condition of the Company (dollars in millions):


		Fair Value
	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Derivative Assets:
Interest rate swaps	Other current assets	$	—	$	5
Total derivative assets		$	—	$	5

As of September 30, 2025, all derivative gains recorded in AOCL were reclassified to earnings. There were $5 million of net derivative gains recorded in AOCL as of December 31, 2024. See "Note O. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss” for information regarding activity recorded as a component of AOCL during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

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NOTE I. PRODUCT WARRANTY LIABILITIES

As of September 30, 2025, current and non-current product warranty liabilities were $34 million and $47 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, current and non-current product warranty liabilities were $29 million and $32 million, respectively.

Product warranty liability activities consisted of the following (dollars in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Beginning balance	$	79		$	59		$	67		$	59
Payments		(9	)		(10	)		(27	)		(32	)
Increase in liability (warranty issued during period)		9			8			26			24
Net adjustments to liability		2			4			15			10
Ending balance	$	81		$	61		$	81		$	61

NOTE J. DEFERRED REVENUE

As of September 30, 2025, current and non-current deferred revenue were $35 million and $101 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, current and non-current deferred revenue were $45 million and $93 million, respectively.

Deferred revenue activity consisted of the following (dollars in millions):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Beginning balance	$	136		$	136		$	136		$	130
Increases		9			11			36			37
Revenue earned		(9	)		(9	)		(36	)		(29	)
Ending balance	$	136		$	138		$	136		$	138

Deferred revenue recorded in current and non-current liabilities related to ETC as of September 30, 2025 was $29 million and $101 million, respectively. Deferred revenue recorded in current and non-current liabilities related to ETC as of September 30, 2024 was $30 million and $92 million, respectively.

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NOTE K. LEASES

Contracts are assessed by the Company to determine if the contract conveys the right to control an identified asset in exchange for consideration during a period of time. The Company classifies all identified leases as either operating or finance leases. The Company's operating leases consist of real estate, vehicles and IT equipment. As of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company was not a party to any finance leases. Contracts that contain leases are assessed to determine if the consideration in the contract is related to a lease component, non-lease component or other components not related to the lease. Lease components are recorded as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities while any non-lease component is expensed as incurred. The consideration in the contract related to other components not related to the lease is allocated among the lease component and the non-lease component, as applicable, based on the stand-alone selling price of the lease and non-lease components.

Certain lease contracts may contain an option to extend or terminate the lease. The Company considers the economic impact of extension and termination options by contract. If the Company concludes it is reasonably certain an option will be exercised, that option is included in the lease term and impacts the amount recorded as an ROU asset and lease liability at inception of the contract.

ROU assets are calculated as the related lease liability adjusted for lease incentives, any initial direct costs, prepayments and the effect of escalating lease payments on period expense. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, total ROU assets were $18 million and $20 million, respectively, and were recorded in Other non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $2 million and $6 million, respectively, of new ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations.

The Company's lease liability is determined by discounting the future cash flows over the lease period. The Company determines its discount rates utilizing current secured financing rates based on the length of the lease period plus the Company's margin over Term SOFR on the Term Loan. The Company believes this rate effectively represents a borrowing rate the Company could obtain on a debt instrument possessing similar terms as the lease. Lease liabilities are classified between current and non-current liabilities based on the terms of the underlying leases. The weighted average discount rate on operating leases as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 4.83% and 4.84%, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company recorded current and non-current operating lease liabilities of $5 million and $12 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded current and non-current operating lease liabilities of $6 million and $14 million, respectively. The Company's current and non-current operating lease liabilities are recorded in Other current liabilities and Other non-current liabilities, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table reconciles future undiscounted cash flows for operating leases to total operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2025 (dollars in millions):


	September 30, 2025
For the remainder of 2025	$	2
2026		5
2027		4
2028		3
2029		2
Thereafter		3
Total lease payments	$	19
Less: Interest		2
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	17

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The weighted average remaining lease term as of September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 was 4.8 years and 5.4 years, respectively.

Operating lease expense was $2 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and $5 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and was recorded within Selling, general and administrative and Engineering — research and development on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. There was no material short-term operating lease expense for any of the three or nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.

NOTE L. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities consisted of the following (dollars in millions):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Sales incentives	$	42	$	42
Payroll and related costs		31		90
Accrued interest payable		28		25
Vendor buyback obligation		20		19
Taxes payable		15		14
Other accruals		36		27
Total	$	172	$	217

NOTE M. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) consisted of the following (dollars in millions):


	Pension Plans		Post-retirement Benefits
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Net periodic benefit cost (credit):

Allison Transmission Holdings Inc 10-Q