As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 2825, ~~2022~~2025

Registration No. 333-

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York

6311

13-3917848

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

730 Third Avenue

New York, NY 10017-3206

(212) 490-9000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

John D. Piller, Sr. Esq.		Ken Reitz, Esq.
TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company		TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company
8500 Andrew Carnegie Boulevard, SSC-C2-08		8500 Andrew Carnegie Boulevard, SSC-C2-08
Charlotte, NC 28262-8500		Charlotte, NC 28262-8500
(704) 988-5681		(704) 988-4455

Scott Thomas, Esq.

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

8500 Andrew Carnegie Boulevard, SSC-C2-08

Charlotte, NC 28262-8500

(704) 988-3687

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copy to:

Harry Eisenstein, Esquire

Carlton Fields, P.A.

1025 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW

Suite 400 West

Washington, DC 20007-5208

(202) 965-8142

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

Pursuant to Rule 429 under the Securities Act of 1933, this prospectus contained herein also relates to Registration Statement No. 333-~~210342~~264547.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐☒ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 25, 2025

PROSPECTUS

~~April~~May 291, ~~2022~~2025 ~~TIAA-CREF INVESTMENT HORIZON ANNUITY~~

~~Individual~~TIAA-CREF ~~Flexible~~INVESTMENT ~~Premium~~HORIZON ~~Modified~~ANNUITY ~~Guaranteed Annuity Contract~~

Individual Flexible Premium Modified Guaranteed Annuity Contract Issued by TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company (“TIAA Life”) and offered through TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC (“TC Services”).

This prospectus describes information you should know before investing in the TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity, an individual flexible premium modified guaranteed annuity contract (the “Contract”) issued by TIAA Life. Before you invest, please read this prospectus carefully and keep it for future reference. Some of the terms and phrases that we use in this prospectus have a particular meaning, and, in the “Definitions” section of this prospectus, we define them so you will know how we are using those terms and phrases.

The Contract is designed for individual investors who desire to accumulate funds on a tax-deferred basis for retirement or other long-term investment purposes and to receive future payment of those funds as lifetime income or through other payment options. Whether the Contract is available to you is subject to approval by regulatory authorities in your state. You may purchase the Contract only as a Non-Qualified Contract. We do not currently offer Qualified Contracts, which are Contracts intended to qualify for special Federal income tax treatment under the IRC Section 408, or 408A, 401, 403, and 457.

To purchase a Contract, you must allocate your initial Premium among one or more Fixed Term Deposit options (each an “FTD”), each of which will grow at a specified guaranteed rate of interest for the stated period. The minimum allocation to an FTD is $5,000. We reserve the right to increase the minimum allocation to an FTD in the future. We currently offer six FTDs, ranging from five year to ten years in duration. We will make the determination as to the interest rates we will declare for each FTD. We cannot predict nor do we guarantee what future interest rates we will declare, but your Contract will have minimum guaranteed interest rates that we will determine when we issue the Contract to you.

Purchasing this Contract involves certain risks. If you surrender your Contract more than 30 days before the end of an FTD’s term, make a withdrawal more than 30 days before the end of an FTD’s term, or apply your Contract Accumulation to an Income Option more than one year before the end of an FTD’s term, we generally will apply a Market Value Adjustment (“MVA”) to the amount being surrendered, withdrawn, or applied to an Income Option. The MVA may be either positive or negative. Accordingly, the amount that you receive could either increase or decrease and you could lose a substantial portion of the Premium(s) you originally invested. You should carefully consider your income needs before purchasing a Contract. State laws and regulations may differ as to when we apply the MVA. If you were a New York resident at the time you purchased your Contract, we will not assess an MVA if you apply your Contract Accumulation to an Income Option, even if you do so more than one year before the end of an FTD’s term.

Also, when you surrender your Contract or take withdrawals from an FTD, federal income tax is based on the entire gain in ~~your~~ your Contract, not just the gain for that FTD. Withdrawals before age 59 1/2 may also incur a 10% IRS ~~tax~~premature ~~penalty~~distribution ~~on earnings~~tax. You should carefully discuss your personal tax situation with your qualified tax advisers before you purchase a Contract.

Additional information about these risks appears under “The Contract”—“Charges,” under “Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”)”—“Market Value Adjustment,” and under “Federal Income Taxes.”

We offer the Contract through TC Services, which is the principal underwriter. TC Services is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of Contracts. There are no arrangements to place funds in an escrow, trust, or similar account. This will be a continuous offering.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

An investment in the Contract is not a deposit or obligation of, or guaranteed by, any bank or financial institution, and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or any other government agency. It is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of investment principal.

LOGO

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

DEFINITIONS			1
SUMMARY			3
WHAT IS THE TIAA-CREF INVESTMENT HORIZON ANNUITY?			3
WHAT FEES AND EXPENSES MAY BE DEDUCTED FROM MY CONTRACT?			3
WHEN DOES A MARKET VALUE ADJUSTMENT APPLY?			4
HOW DO I PURCHASE A CONTRACT?			4
CAN I CANCEL MY CONTRACT?			4
CAN I MAKE CASH WITHDRAWALS FROM THE CONTRACT?			45
WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS AT THE END OF AN FTD’S TERM?			5
WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS FOR RECEIVING ANNUITY PAYMENTS UNDER THE CONTRACT?			5
SUMMARY OF CONTRACT ALLOCATION OPTIONS			5
WHAT DEATH BENEFITS ARE AVAILABLE UNDER THE CONTRACT?			56
TIAA LIFE AND TIAA			56
THE CONTRACT			6
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PROCEDURES FOR OPENING A NEW ACCOUNT			67
THE GENERAL ACCOUNT			67
PURCHASING A CONTRACT AND REMITTING PREMIUMS			67
SHORT TERM HOLDING ACCOUNT (“STHA”)			89
FIXED TERM DEPOSIT (“FTD”)			89
CHARGES			1516
RECEIVING ANNUITY PAYMENTS			1617
WHEN ANNUITY PAYMENTS BEGIN			1618
ANNUITY PAYMENTS			1618
INCOME OPTIONS			18
DEATH BENEFITS			19
AVAILABILITY AND CHOOSING BENEFICIARIES			19
SPECIAL OPTIONS FOR SPOUSES			19
DEFINITION OF SPOUSE UNDER FEDERAL LAW			19
AMOUNT OF DEATH BENEFIT			20
METHODS OF PAYMENT OF DEATH BENEFITS			20
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES			20
TAXATION OF ANNUITIES			20
WITHHOLDING			23
MULTIPLE CONTRACTS			23
OTHER TAX ISSUES			23
TAX ADVICE			24
TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY			24
GENERAL MATTERS			34
TELEPHONE AND INTERNET			34
CONTACTING TIAA LIFE			34
ELECTRONIC PROSPECTUSES			35
DELAYS IN PAYMENTS			35
HOUSEHOLDING			35
SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS			35
ERRORS OR OMISSIONS			35
LOANS			35
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS			35
ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTS			35

i ~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus~~

INCOME OPTIONS			17
PAYMENT TO AN ESTATE, GUARDIAN, TRUSTEE, ETC.			36
DEATH BENEFITS			17
BENEFITS BASED ON INCORRECT INFORMATION			36
AVAILABILITY AND CHOOSING BENEFICIARIES			17
PROOF OF SURVIVAL			36
SPECIAL OPTIONS FOR SPOUSES			18
PROTECTION AGAINST CLAIMS OF CREDITORS			36
DEFINITION OF SPOUSE UNDER FEDERAL LAW			18
PROCEDURES FOR ELECTIONS AND CHANGE			36
AMOUNT OF DEATH BENEFIT			18
REPORTS			36
METHODS OF PAYMENT OF DEATH BENEFITS			18
RELIANCE ON EXEMPTION FROM 1934 ACT REPORTING			37
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES			18
OTHER INFORMATION			37
TAXATION OF ANNUITIES			18
DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTRACTS			37
WITHHOLDING			21
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS			37
MULTIPLE CONTRACTS			21
EXPERTS			37
OTHER TAX ISSUES			21
LEGAL MATTERS			38
TAX ADVICE			22
TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS			39
TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY			22
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS			53
GENERAL MATTERS			32
TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS			55
TELEPHONE AND INTERNET			32
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP			56
CONTACTING TIAA LIFE			33
STATUTORY–BASIS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY			B-1
ELECTRONIC PROSPECTUSES			33
STATUTORY–BASIS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TEACHERS INSURANCE AND ANNUITY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA			B-1
DELAYS IN PAYMENTS			33
HOUSEHOLDING			33
SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS			33
ERRORS OR OMISSIONS			33
LOANS			33
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS			33
ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTS			33
PAYMENT TO AN ESTATE, GUARDIAN, TRUSTEE, ETC.			34

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus ii

BENEFITS BASED ON INCORRECT INFORMATION			34
PROOF OF SURVIVAL			34
PROTECTION AGAINST CLAIMS OF CREDITORS			34
PROCEDURES FOR ELECTIONS AND CHANGE			34
REPORTS			34
RELIANCE ON EXEMPTION FROM 1934 ACT REPORTING			34
OTHER INFORMATION			34
DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTRACTS			35
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS			35
EXPERTS			35
LEGAL MATTERS			36
TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS			37
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS			52
TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS			54
INDEX TO STATUTORY–BASIS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY			57
TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY			58
TEACHERS INSURANCE AND ANNUITY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA			95

This prospectus outlines the terms of the TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity issued by TIAA Life. It does not constitute an offering in any jurisdiction where such an offering cannot lawfully be made. No dealer, salesman, or anyone else is authorized to give any information or to make any representation about this offering other than what is contained in this prospectus. If anyone does so, you should not rely on it.

~~iii~~ii ~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus~~

DEFINITIONS

Throughout the prospectus, “TIAA Life,” “we,” and “our” refer to TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company. “You” and “your” mean any Contract owner or any prospective Contract owner. The terms and phrases below are defined so you will know precisely how we are using them. To understand some definitions, you may have to refer to other terms that we have defined.

Administrative Office. The office you must contact to exercise any of your rights under the Contract. Unless otherwise specified in this prospectus, you should send your completed application and your initial Premium to: New Business Dept., TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company, P.O. Box 1291, Charlotte, NC, 28201-9908; Telephone: 877-694-0305; you should send all subsequent Premiums and any other requests to: TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity, P.O. Box 933898, Atlanta, GA 31193-3898.

Annuitant. The natural person whose life is used in determining the annuity payments to be received. The Annuitant may be the Contract owner or another person.

Annuity. the TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity product described in this prospectus.

Annuity Starting Date. The date on which you begin to receive income benefits under an Income Option.

Beneficiary. Any person or institution named to receive benefits if you die when you have Contract Accumulation remaining or while any annuity income or death benefit payments remain due.

Business Day. Any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading. A Business Day ends at 4:00 pm Eastern Time, or an earlier time if we so notify you or when trading closes on the New York Stock Exchange, if earlier.

Calendar Day. Any day of the year. Non-Business Day Calendar Days end at 4:00 pm Eastern Time, or an earlier time if we so notify you.

Contract. The individual flexible premium modified guaranteed annuity contract described in this prospectus.

Contract Accumulation. The sum of your Fixed Term Deposit accumulations, plus the sum of your Short Term Holding Account accumulations.

Contract owner. The person (or persons) who controls all the rights and benefits under a Contract. If there are two Contract owners, one must be designated as the primary Contract owner on the completed application, and the joint Contract owner must be the spouse of the primary Contract owner.

Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”). One of the options available for allocation of your Premium(s) or Contract Accumulation under the Contract. Each FTD option varies in length (from one year to ten years) and guarantees a specified rate of interest for the specified term.

FTD Value. The portion of the Contract Accumulation allocated to an FTD.

General Account. All of our assets and liabilities other than those allocated to any segregated TIAA-CREF Life Separate Account. The Short Term Holding Account and Contract Accumulations in FTDs are part of our General Account.

Good Order. This means the actual receipt by us, at our Administrative Office, of the instructions relating to a transaction in writing—or when appropriate by telephone or via the Internet—along with all completed forms, documents, information and supporting legal documentation (including any required consents) we require to effect the transaction. Such instructions include, but would not be limited to, a withdrawal request, a request to surrender your Contract, a death benefit claim, and any other administrative request or election you make pursuant to the terms of the Contract or as otherwise noted in the Prospectus. To be “in Good Order,” instructions must be sufficiently clear so that we do not need to exercise any discretion to follow such instructions. With respect to purchase requests, Good Order also generally includes receipt by us of sufficient funds to effect the transaction. We reserve the right to change our requirements for what constitutes Good Order and which documents and forms are required for us to complete a transaction request.

to effect the transaction. Such information, documentation and instructions include, but would not be limited to, a complete application, a withdrawal request, allocation instructions, a request to surrender your Contract, a death benefit claim, and any other administrative request or election you make pursuant to the terms of the Contract or as otherwise noted in the Prospectus, and any other information or supporting documentation that we may require. To be “in Good Order,” instructions must be sufficiently clear so that we do not need to exercise any discretion to follow such instructions. With respect to purchase requests, Good Order also generally includes receipt by us of sufficient funds to effect the transaction. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to change or waive our requirements for what constitutes Good Order and which documents, information, and forms are required for us to complete a transaction request. If your application or transaction instructions are incomplete and we do not receive the necessary information and signed application in “good order” within five business days of our receipt of the initial premium, we may return the initial premium at that time. In addition, it is also possible that if we are unable to reach you to obtain additional or missing information relating to incomplete applications, or the transaction request is not in “good order,” the application or transaction may be canceled.

Income Option. Any of the ways you can receive annuity income.

IRC. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

IRS. The Internal Revenue Service.

Market Value Adjustment (“MVA”). An adjustment that either increases or decreases the amount we will pay you if you surrender your Contract more than 30 days before the end of an FTD’s term, make a withdrawal more than 30 days before the end of an FTD’s term, apply the Contract Accumulation to an Income Option more than one year before the end of the FTD’s term, subject to certain exceptions.

1 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

Non-Qualified Contract. A Contract issued in connection with a retirement arrangement other than a Qualified Contract.

Premium. Any amount you invest (i.e., pay) into the Contract.

Qualified Contract. A Contract that is intended to qualify for special Federal income tax treatment under the IRC Section 408, or 408A, 401, 403 and 457. We do not currently offer Qualified Contracts.

Second Annuitant. The natural person whose life is used together with the life of the Annuitant in determining the annuity payments to be received under an Income Option under a two-life annuity option. Under a two-life annuity option, the primary Annuitant’s life and the life of the Second Annuitant are used in determining the annuity payments. Under a two-life annuity option, the Second Annuitant will receive annuity payments if the primary Annuitant dies.

Short Term Holding Account. An account that is part of our General Account and that will contain all Contract Accumulation of your Contract that has not been allocated to an available FTD.

Survivor Income Option. An option that continues lifetime annuity payments as long as either the Annuitant or the Second Annuitant is alive.

TIAA Life. TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company. TIAA Life is a wholly-owned subsidiary of TIAA.

TIAA. Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America.

~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus~~ 2

SUMMARY

You should read this summary together with the detailed information you will find in the rest of the prospectus.

WHAT IS THE TIAA-CREF INVESTMENT HORIZON ANNUITY?

The ~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon~~ Annuity is an individual flexible premium modified guaranteed annuity contract that allows you to accumulate funds on a tax-deferred basis for retirement or other long-term investment purposes and to receive future payment of those funds as lifetime income or through other payment options. You generally are not taxed on any earnings or appreciation on the assets in the Contract until money is taken out of the Contract.

The Annuity imposes a market value adjustment (“MVA”) for withdrawals under the Contract before the end of a fixed term. The amount of the MVA can be positive or negative and roughly corresponds with gain or loss we would incur in selling the assets we purchased to support our obligations under the existing FTD in order to pay for an early withdrawal from the FTD.

Currently, Premiums can be allocated to any of six FTDs ranging from five years to ten years in duration which can be chosen by you. Each FTD guarantees a specified rate of interest.

The Contract is available to you provided that it has been approved by the insurance department of your state of issuance.

WHAT FEES AND EXPENSES MAY BE DEDUCTED FROM MY CONTRACT?

There are certain fees and expenses that may be deducted from your Contract.

• Premium taxes—We may deduct premium taxes from your Contract Accumulation when it is applied to an Income Option or, or from Premiums or Contract Accumulation when allocated to an FTD account. State premium taxes currently range from 1.0% to 3.5% of ~~nonqualified~~non-qualified annuity contract premium payments and are determined by state insurance laws.

•

Annual maintenance fee—When you have Contract Accumulation remaining in the Contract, we will deduct an annual maintenance fee of $25 from your Contract Accumulation (if your Contract Accumulation is less than $25,000) on each anniversary and upon surrender of your Contract.

•

Charge when systematic interest withdrawals are paid by check—We may impose a fee of up to $5 per payment for systematic interest withdrawals paid by check.

•

Surrender charge—We will assess a surrender charge for surrenders or withdrawals taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term. The surrender charge rate equals one half the total interest rate applicable to the fixed term deposit. The surrender charge equals the surrender charge rate multiplied by the amount of the withdrawal. We will not assess a surrender charge:

upon cancellation of your Contract during the “free look” period

to surrenders or withdrawals within 30 days from a FTD maturity

to surrenders or withdrawals from the Short-Term Holding Account

to systematic interest withdrawals

to Contract Accumulation applied to an Income Option, or

to death benefit payments.

~~Contracts~~3 ~~issued to Connecticut residents use the term “Disintermediation Risk Charge” as opposed to “Surrender Charge.”~~

• Market value adjustment—we will generally apply an MVA on: any surrender taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term; any withdrawal taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term; Contract Accumulation applied to an Income Option more than one year prior to the maturity of the FTD’s term. We will not apply an MVA upon cancellation of the

3 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

~~Contract~~Contracts ~~during~~issued ~~the “free look” period, on systematic interest withdrawals, upon surrender or withdrawal from an FTD within the last 30 days of an FTD’s term, upon application of the Contract Accumulation~~ to anConnecticut ~~Income~~residents ~~Option~~use ~~during~~ the ~~last year of an FTD’s~~ term, or“Disintermediation ~~upon payment of the death benefit. An MVA may be~~Risk ~~positive~~Charge” ~~or negative, which means an MVA may increase or decrease the amount you receive~~ as aopposed ~~surrender,~~to ~~withdrawal,~~“Surrender ~~or annuity payment~~Charge.”

•

Market value adjustment—we will generally apply an MVA on: any surrender taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term; any withdrawal taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term; Contract Accumulation applied to an Income Option more than one year prior to the maturity of the FTD’s term. We will not apply an MVA upon cancellation of the Contract during the “free look” period, on systematic interest withdrawals, upon surrender or withdrawal from an FTD within the last 30 days of an FTD’s term, upon application of the Contract Accumulation to an Income Option during the last year of an FTD’s term, or upon payment of the death benefit. An MVA may be positive or negative, which means an MVA may increase or decrease the amount you receive as a surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment.

For more details, see “Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”)”—“Market Value Adjustment.”

WHEN DOES A MARKET VALUE ADJUSTMENT APPLY?

We will generally apply an MVA on: any surrender taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term; any withdrawal taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term; Contract Accumulation applied to an Income Option more than one year prior to the maturity of the FTD’s term. An MVA may be positive or negative, which means an MVA may increase or decrease the amount you receive as a surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment. Accordingly, you could lose a substantial portion of the Premium(s) you originally invested. You should carefully consider your income needs before purchasing a Contract. There are certain circumstances where we will not apply an MVA. State laws and regulations may differ as to when we apply the MVA. If you were a New York resident at the time you purchased your Contract, we will not assess an MVA if you apply your Contract Accumulation to an Income Option, even if you do so more than one year before the end of an FTD’s term. See “Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”)”—“Market Value Adjustment.”

HOW DO I PURCHASE A CONTRACT?

To purchase a Contract, you must complete an application and make an initial Premium of at least $5,000 for FTDs. We reserve the right to lower the premium amount to $100. Additional Premiums must be at least $5,000 for FTDs and will be allocated to a new FTD. For details, see “The Contract”—“Purchasing a Contract and Remitting Premiums.”

CAN I CANCEL MY CONTRACT?

You can examine the Contract and return it to us for a full refund of all Premiums paid to the FTDs until the end of the “free look” period specified in your Contract (which is a minimum of 30 days, but varies by state). We will consider the Contract returned on the date it is postmarked and properly addressed with postage pre-paid or, if it is not postmarked, on the day we receive it at our Administrative Office. We will send you the refund after we get written notice of cancellation and the returned Contract. We will not deduct a surrender charge or apply an MVA if you cancel the Contract during the “free look” period. For details, see “The Contract”—“Purchasing a Contract and Remitting Premiums.”

~~CAN~~4 ~~I MAKE CASH WITHDRAWALS FROM THE CONTRACT?~~

You may surrender your Contract or take cash withdrawals from an FTD at any time that you have Contract Accumulation remaining. All cash withdrawals must be for at least $1,000 from an FTD, unless the withdrawal would reduce the FTD Value below $5,000, in which case you must withdraw the entire FTD Value. We may limit cash withdrawals from your Contract to one per calendar quarter. If you invest in an FTD, a systematic interest withdrawal program is also available at Contract application. For details, see “The Contract”—“Cash Withdrawals.” Surrenders and withdrawals made more than 30 days before the end of an FTD’s term will be subject to an MVA, except that we will not apply an MVA to that portion of an FTD withdrawal taken to satisfy an IRC minimum distribution requirement. See “Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”)”— “Market Value Adjustment.”

Cash withdrawals may be taxed. You may have to pay an IRS tax penalty on earnings if you take a cash withdrawal before age 59 1/ 2.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 4

CAN I MAKE CASH WITHDRAWALS FROM THE CONTRACT?

You may surrender your Contract or take cash withdrawals from an FTD at any time that you have Contract Accumulation remaining. All cash withdrawals must be for at least $1,000 from an FTD, unless the withdrawal would reduce the FTD Value below $5,000, in which case you must withdraw the entire FTD Value. We may limit cash withdrawals from your Contract to one per calendar quarter. If you invest in an FTD, a systematic interest withdrawal program is also available at Contract application. For details, see “The Contract”—“Cash Withdrawals.” Surrenders and withdrawals made more than 30 days before the end of an FTD’s term will be subject to an MVA. See “Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”)”— “Market Value Adjustment.”

Cash withdrawals may be taxed. You may have to pay an IRC premature distribution tax on earnings if you take a cash withdrawal before age 59 1/ 2.

WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS AT THE END OF AN FTD’S TERM?

When an FTD nears maturity at the end of the specified term, you have several options. You may receive all or part of your ending FTD Value without a surrender charge or MVA; you may apply all or part of your ending FTD Value to one or more new FTDs that are available to you at that time; or you may do nothing and allow a new FTD to automatically begin. See “Fixed Term Deposit (FTD)”—“Maturity of a Fixed Term Deposit.”

WHAT ARE MY OPTIONS FOR RECEIVING ANNUITY PAYMENTS UNDER THE CONTRACT?

Guaranteed fixed annuity payments are available under the Contract and are payable from our General Account. The Contract offers a variety of Income Options, including: One-Life Annuities, which pay income as long as the Annuitant lives or until the end of a specified guaranteed period, whichever is longer; Fixed-Period Annuities, which pay income for a period of between two and 30 years; and Two-Life Annuities, which pay income as long as the Annuitant lives (or both Annuitants are alive), then continues at ~~either~~ either the same or a reduced level for the life of the surviving Annuitant or until the end of a specified guaranteed period, whichever is greater. The Fixed- Period Annuities Income Option is not available if you were a New York resident at the time you purchased your Contract. For details, see “The Contract”—“Receiving Annuity Payments.”

SUMMARY OF CONTRACT ALLOCATION OPTIONS

	PURPOSE	BENEFIT	DRAWBACKS
Short- Term Holding Account (STHA)	Temporary guaranteed interest account until value is reallocated to a FTD. This is a default account when contract value cannot be allocated to a FTD; you cannot allocate to this account.	–• Up to 45 day flexibility to reallocate assets in this account as you like to any FTD or withdraw value without a Contract charge. –• After 45 days, we automatically reallocate to the shortest available FTD.	–• You cannot leave value in the STHA longer than 45 days. –• If we reallocate automatically, you cannot reallocate again until the shortest FTD matures. –• Generally, pays lower interest rate than FTDs.
FTD	Provide guaranteed interest rate for terms of 1-10 years, with longer terms usually providing the highest interest rate.	– Lock in a guaranteed rate for the FTD term. – Multiple FTD term options to diversify your interest credit risk.	– FTD account value is less liquid than STHA value. Early withdrawals are subject to a market value adjustment.
Income Options	Provide several other annuity income options.	– Locks in annuity income in the payout option you choose. – Payments are taxed as annuity payments.	– No liquidity. Payments must be made as scheduled.


	PURPOSE	BENEFIT	DRAWBACKS
FTD	Provide guaranteed interest rate for terms of 1-10 years, with longer terms usually providing the highest interest rate.	• Lock in a guaranteed rate for the FTD term. • Multiple FTD term options to diversify your interest credit risk.	• FTD account value is less liquid than STHA value. Early withdrawals are subject to a market value adjustment.

Income Options	Provide several other annuity income options.	• Locks in annuity income in the payout option you choose. • Payments are taxed as annuity payments.	• No liquidity. Payments must be made as scheduled.

WHAT DEATH BENEFITS ARE AVAILABLE UNDER THE CONTRACT?

For FTDs, if any Contract owner or Annuitant dies when there is Contract Accumulation remaining, the death benefit will become available to the death benefit payees. The amount of the death benefit is the Contract Accumulation on the first death benefit payable date.

TIAA LIFE AND TIAA

The Contracts are issued by TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company, a stock life insurance company organized under the laws of the State of New York on November 20, 1996. All of the stock of TIAA Life is held by TIAA. TIAA Life’s headquarters are at 730 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10017- 3206. TIAA Life is solely responsible for its contractual obligations.

5 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

TIAA is a stock life insurance company, organized under the laws of the State of New York. It was founded on March 4, 1918, by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. TIAA is the companion organization of the College Retirement Equities Fund (CREF), the first company in the United States to issue a variable annuity. CREF is a nonprofit membership corporation established in the State of New York in 1952. Together, TIAA and CREF, form the principal retirement system for the nation’s education and research communities and form one of the largest retirement systems in the U.S., based on assets under management. CREF does not stand behind TIAA’s guarantees and TIAA does not guarantee CREF products.

THE CONTRACT

The Contract is an individual flexible premium modified guaranteed annuity that accepts after-tax dollars for Non-Qualified Contracts. The material rights, obligations, and benefits of the Contract are described in this prospectus. We offer the Contract in all 50 states and the District of Columbia except Illinois, Indiana, North Dakota, Oregon, and Washington. Contract terms and features may differ due to state laws and regulations. These differences may include, among other things, free look rights, application and calculation of the MVA availability of certain Income Options, and calculation of the surrender charge. You should review your Contract along with this prospectus to understand the product features and charges under your Contract.

You may purchase the Contract only as a Non-Qualified Contract. We do not currently offer Qualified Contracts.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PROCEDURES FOR OPENING A NEW ACCOUNT

To help the U.S. government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions, including us, to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens an account.

What this means for you: When you open an account, we will ask for your name, residential address, date of birth, Social Security number, and other information that will allow us to identify you, such as your home telephone number. Until you provide us with the information that we need, we may not be able to issue a Contract to you or effect any transactions for you.

If we are unable to verify your identity, or that of another person authorized to act on your behalf, or if we believe that we have identified potentially criminal activity, we reserve the right to take such action as we deem appropriate, which may include canceling your Contract.

THE GENERAL ACCOUNT

All Contract value, including Contract value in the Short Term Holding Account or Fixed Term Deposits (“FTDs”) is part of our General Account. We own the assets in the General Account, and we use these assets to support our insurance and annuity obligations. These assets are subject to our general liabilities from business operations. Subject to applicable law, we have sole discretion over investment of the General Account’s assets. Amounts invested in the Contract do not share in the investment performance of our General Account. Our General Account bears the full investment risk for all Contract obligations. Amounts payable under the Contract are payable from our General Account and are subject to our financial strength and claims- paying ability.

The Contract provides minimum guaranteed interest rates. We anticipate also crediting and changing, from time to time and at our sole discretion, excess current interest rates to be credited under the FTDs and the Short Term Holding Account. You assume the risk that interest credited under the Contract may not exceed minimum guaranteed amounts.

PURCHASING A CONTRACT AND REMITTING PREMIUMS

Minimum Initial Premiums. We will issue you a Contract as soon as we receive in Good Order at our Administrative Office your complete and accurate application, Premium and all other information necessary to process your application. (See “The Contract”—“Purchasing a Contract and Remitting Premiums”.”) Your initial Premium will be allocated to the FTD(s) you select within two Business Days of the Business Day on which it is received by us in Good Order. Initial Premiums must be for at least $5,000 per FTD.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 6

For your initial Premium, please send your check, payable to TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company, along with your completed application to:

New Business Dept.

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

P.O. Box 1291

Charlotte, NC 28201-9908

Note that we cannot accept money orders, traveler’s checks, or cash. In addition, we will not accept a third- party check where the relationship of the payor to the Contract owner cannot be identified from the face of the check.

Right to Cancel. You can examine the Contract and return it to us for a full refund of all Premiums paid to the FTDs (less systematic interest withdrawals) until the end of the “free look” period specified in your Contract (which is a minimum of 30 days, but varies by state). We will consider the Contract returned on the date it is postmarked and properly addressed with postage pre-paid or, if it is not postmarked, on the day we receive it at our Administrative Office. We will send you the refund after we receive, in Good Order, written notice of cancellation and the returned Contract. We will not deduct a surrender charge or apply an MVA if you cancel the Contract during the “free look” period. During the “free look” period, you may not make a withdrawal under your Contract.

Additional Premiums. Subsequent Premiums must be for at least $5,000 per FTD and will be allocated to a new FTD. Subsequent Premiums of $25,000 or more may be allocated to a new FTD. We reserve the right to limit Premiums to no more than $500,000 a year. For additional Premiums, please send your check, payable to TIAA- CREF Life Insurance Company, including your Contract number and FTD allocation choice, to:

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity

P.O. Box 933898

Atlanta, GA 31193-3898

We will allocate each subsequent Premium to a new FTD, based on your instructions, as of the Business Day we receive it in Good Order. Currently, we will accept Premiums at any time both the Contract owner and the Annuitant is living and there is remaining Contract Accumulation. We reserve the right to not accept additional Premiums under this Contract after you have been given three months’ notice.

If we exercise our right to reject and/or place limitations on the acceptance and/or allocation of additional Premiums, you may be unable to, or limited in your ability to, increase your Contract Accumulation through additional Premiums. Before you purchase the Contract and determine the amount of your initial Premium, you should consider the fact that we may suspend, reject or limit additional Premiums at some point in the future. You should consult with your registered representative before purchase.

Electronic Payment. You may make initial or additional Premium payments by electronic payment. A federal wire transfer is usually received on a “same” day basis and an Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) transfer is usually received by the second day after transmission. Be aware that your bank may charge you a fee to wire funds, although ACH transfers are usually less expensive than a federal wire. This is what you need to do:

(1)

If you are sending in an initial Premium, send your completed application to us at our Administrative Office;

7 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

(2)

Instruct your bank to wire or transfer money to:

Wells Fargo

ABA Number 121000248

San Francisco, CA

Account of: TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

Account Number: 2000035305820

(3)

Specify on the wire or transfer:

•

Your name, address and Social Security Number(s) or Taxpayer Identification Number(s)

•

Indicate if the Premium is for a new application or for an existing Contract (provide Contract number and FTD allocation choice, if existing)

Certain Restrictions. You may only open one Contract in any calendar year. Also, your Contract may not contain more than 120 FTDs at any one time.

If mandated under applicable law, including federal laws designed to counter terrorism and prevent money laundering, we may be required to reject a Premium payment. We may also be required to block a Contract owner’s account and refuse to pay any request for surrenders, withdrawals, or death benefits, until instructions are received from the appropriate regulator. We may also be required to provide additional information about you and your Contract to government regulators.

We may deduct any charges for premium taxes from your initial or subsequent Premium before we allocate it under the Contract. (See “The Contract”—“Charges”—“Premium Taxes.”)

More About Remitting Premiums. We will not be deemed to have received any Premiums sent to the addresses designated in this prospectus for remitting Premiums until the third party service that administers the receipt of mail through those addresses has processed the payment on our behalf.

SHORT TERM HOLDING ACCOUNT (“STHA”)

The Short Term Holding Account (“STHA”) is a part of our General Account. You cannot elect to allocate Contract value to the STHA. Premiums are generally allocated to FTDs. However, premiums paid less than one year before your scheduled Annuity Starting Date may only be allocated to the STHA. When a FTD matures, proceeds from that FTD are placed in the STHA unless you have already reallocated such proceeds to another FTD or there are no new FTDs available to you at that time. If FTDs become available to you while you have a Contract Accumulation in the Short-Term Holding Account, we will mail you a notice after which you will have at least 15 days, but not more than 45 days, to allocate your Short Term Holding Account accumulation among the available FTDs. If we do not receive valid instructions from you in that time frame, your entire Contract Accumulation in the Short Term Holding Account will be applied to a new FTD with the shortest term then available.

Contract Accumulations in the STHA earn interest credited at a rate guaranteed to never be less than the minimum guaranteed interest rate stated in your Contract, which will never be less than 1%. We cannot predict nor do we guarantee what future interest rates we will declare.

FIXED TERM DEPOSIT (“FTD”)

Fixed Terms. An FTD is an investment option for a period of years during which we will credit a specified interest rate. Currently, you can choose from FTDs of five years to ten years (whole years only). If the crediting rate for an FTD is lower than your Contract’s minimum guaranteed interest rate, that FTD will be temporarily unavailable. Only FTDs ending before the calendar month in which the Annuitant or any Contract owner turns age 90 will be available to you. We reserve the right to stop offering any FTD at any time. If you allocate any part of a Premium to an unavailable FTD, we will not consider your allocation instructions to be in Good Order and will not process your allocation instructions.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 8

Crediting Interest. Each FTD to which you allocate any portion of a Premium or your Contract Accumulation earns interest at the specified interest rate in effect for that FTD from the date the Premium or Contract Accumulation is credited to the FTD through the end of the term of the FTD, or until the FTD Value is surrendered, if earlier. We will credit interest to each FTD on a daily basis. We will also credit interest on a daily basis on any amounts held in the Short Term Holding Account at an interest rate determined by us, but not less than your Contract’s minimum guaranteed interest rate. Credited interest rates for each FTD will vary by term and purchase date.

We have no specific formula for setting the interest rates. Rates will be influenced by, but not necessarily coincide with, interest rates available on fixed income investments that we may acquire with the amounts we ~~receive as Premiums. You have no direct or indirect interest in the investments we make with~~ the Premiums. We will invest these amounts primarily in investment-grade fixed income securities. We will also consider other factors in determining the interest rates, including regulatory and tax requirements, administrative and sales expenses incurred by us, general economic trends, and competitive factors. Interest rates will not vary by purchase amount. We will make the determination as to the interest rate we will declare for each FTD. FTDs earn interest credited at a rate guaranteed to never be less than the minimum guaranteed interest rate stated in your Contract, which will never be less than 1%. We cannot predict nor do we guarantee what future interest rates we will declare.

receive as Premiums. You have no direct or indirect interest in the investments we make with the Premiums. We will invest these amounts primarily in investment-grade fixed income securities. We will also consider other factors in determining the interest rates, including regulatory and tax requirements, administrative and sales expenses incurred by us, general economic trends, and competitive factors. Interest rates will not vary by purchase amount. We will make the determination as to the interest rate we will declare for each FTD. FTDs earn interest credited at a rate guaranteed to never be less than the minimum guaranteed interest rate stated in your Contract, which will never be less than 1%. We cannot predict nor do we guarantee what future interest rates we will declare.

Allocations to an FTD are subject to several crediting risks. When an FTD period ends, you may not be able to reinvest FTD proceeds at as favorable an interest rate. This risk is greater for shorter FTD periods. Similarly, allocations in an FTD are locked into that FTD’s interest rate for the term of the FTD, even when interest rates on comparable products may be increasing. This risk is greater for longer FTD periods. Generally, although not always, longer FTD periods will credit higher interest rates.

Maturity of a Fixed Term Deposit. An FTD matures at the end of the specified term, and the proceeds then become available to the Contract owner(s). Prior to the end of an FTD’s term, you may select from the following options:

(1)

Receive all or part of your ending FTD Value without a surrender charge or MVA;

(2) Instruct us to apply all or part of your ending FTD Value to one or more new FTDs that you select from the FTDs that we are then offering and are available to you; or

(3) Apply all or part of your ending FTD Value to an Income Option; or

(4)

Do nothing and allow a new FTD to automatically begin.

If any FTD matures after a notice of death is received but before the death benefit is paid, the Contract Accumulation in that FTD will be transferred to the Short Term Holding Account.

We will mail you a notice at least 45 days, but not more than 75 days, prior to maturity of each FTD. Prior to maturity, you must instruct us to either apply the proceeds to one or more new FTDs then available or transfer the proceeds out of the Contract. Only FTDs ending before the calendar month in which the Annuitant or any Contract owner turns age 90 will be available. At least $5,000 must be allocated to any subsequent FTD. If no FTDs are then available, you may apply the proceeds to the Short Term Holding Account.

If we have not received valid instructions from you before maturity, the proceeds will be applied to a new FTD with the shortest term then available. If no FTDs are then available, the proceeds will be applied to the Short Term Holding Account.

Surrenders at the end of an FTD

To surrender your ending Contract Accumulation in an FTD, you must request the surrender in writing prior to the end of the expiring FTD. Surrenders and withdrawals made more than 30 days before the end of an FTD’s term will generally be subject to an MVA. (See “Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”)”—“Market Value Adjustment.”) Any surrendered or withdrawn amount may be subject to income taxes, and a 10% IRS ~~tax~~premature ~~penalty~~distribution tax on earnings may apply if you are not yet 59 1/ 2 years old. (See “Federal Income Taxes.”)

9 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

Automatic subsequent FTDs

Unless you instruct otherwise, the Contract Accumulation at the end of an expiring FTD will be allocated to a subsequent FTD. The subsequent FTD will be the shortest duration FTD that we currently offer. The new FTD will earn interest at the interest rate in effect for that subsequent FTD when your Contract Accumulation is allocated to it. If the shortest duration FTD extends beyond the calendar month in which the Annuitant or any Contract owner turns age 90, then we will allocate the Contract Accumulation to the Short Term Holding Account.

Cash Withdrawals. At any time that there is Contract Accumulation, you can withdraw some or all of your Contract Accumulation from the FTD(s) and/or from any amounts you have in the Short Term Holding Account. A full withdrawal of your Contract Accumulation is called a surrender. Cash withdrawals must be for at least $1,000, unless the withdrawal would reduce the FTD Value below $5,000, in which case you must withdraw the entire FTD Value. We may also impose the following restrictions:

•

Withdrawals from your Contract can be limited to no more than one per calendar quarter.

•

We may change the cut-off time establishing when a transaction request must be received in order to be effective at the end of that Business Day.

All withdrawal requests must be in accordance with procedures established by us. A withdrawal will be effective, and all values determined, as of the end of the Business Day in which we receive your written request in Good Order, unless you choose to defer the withdrawal’s effective date to a future date acceptable to us. You may not revoke a request for a withdrawal after its effective date.

If you request a withdrawal of less than the entire Contract Accumulation, you must designate the FTD(s) and/ or the Short Term Holding Account from which we should take the withdrawal. If you have not provided these instructions in Good Order, we will reject your withdrawal request unless we receive your request within the last 30 days of an FTD’s term. If we receive your withdrawal request within the last 30 days of an FTD’s term, we will make the withdrawal from the expiring FTD. However, if the amount of your withdrawal request exceeds the Contract Accumulation in the expiring FTD, we will reject the portion of the withdrawal request that exceeds the Contract Accumulation in the expiring FTD.

If you withdraw your entire Contract Accumulation, we will cancel your Contract and all of our obligations to you under the Contract will end. We will deduct the annual maintenance fee from any surrender proceeds, if your Contract Accumulation is less than $25,000 at the time of surrender.

Surrenders and withdrawals made more than 30 days before the maturity of an FTD’s term may be subject to an MVA. (See “Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”)”—“Market Value Adjustment.”) Withdrawals and surrenders are subject to federal income tax, and a 10% IRS ~~tax~~premature ~~penalty~~distribution tax on earnings may apply if you are under age 59 1/2. (See “Federal Income Taxes.”)

Systematic Interest Withdrawals. If your initial Premium is at least $25,000, you may request systematic withdrawals of the interest that we have credited to your FTD Values. Systematic interest withdrawals must be made from all FTDs in which you are invested. Systematic interest withdrawals can be established for monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual withdrawals from the first to the twenty-eighth day of the month. If the scheduled date of a systematic interest withdrawal is not a Business Day, the withdrawal will be paid on the next Business Day.

We do not assess a surrender charge or apply an MVA on systematic interest withdrawals; however, systematic interest withdrawals are subject to federal income tax, and a 10% IRS ~~tax~~premature ~~penalty~~distribution tax on earnings may apply if you are under age 59 1/2. (See “Federal Income Taxes.”)

Systematic interest withdrawals can only be initiated when the Contract is issued and can be cancelled only by surrendering the Contract. Systematic interest withdrawals will continue until the earliest of the following:

•

the annuity start date, or,

•

the date we are notified of your death, or

•

the first death benefit payable date.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 10

We may impose a fee of up to $5 per payment for systematic interest withdrawals paid by check.

~~Market~~11 Value Adjustment. We will generally apply an MVA on: any surrender taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term, except that we will not apply an MVA to that portion of an FTD withdrawal taken to satisfy an IRC minimum distribution requirement; any withdrawal taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term; and Contract Accumulation applied to an Income Option more than one year prior to the maturity of the FTD’s term. An MVA may be positive or negative, which means an MVA may increase or decrease the amount you receive as a surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment.

Market Value Adjustment. We will generally apply an MVA on: any surrender taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term, any withdrawal taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term; and Contract Accumulation applied to an Income Option more than one year prior to the maturity of the FTD’s term. An MVA may be positive or negative, which means an MVA may increase or decrease the amount you receive as a surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment.

To determine the MVA for an FTD at the time of a premature withdrawal, surrender, or selection of an Income Option from that FTD, we first calculate an MVA ratio (as described below, under “FTD Market Value Adjustment Formula”). We then multiply this ratio by the amount you have withdrawn, surrendered, or applied to an Income Option to calculate the amount of the MVA.


Note:		An MVA will either increase or decrease the amount you receive and you could lose a substantial portion of the Premium(s) you originally invested. You should carefully consider your income needs before purchasing a Contract. You directly bear any investment risk associated with an MVA.

Purpose of an MVA

An MVA generally reflects the relationship on any given day between the interest rate you would earn if your Contract Accumulation remained in the existing FTD until its maturity, and the interest rate you would earn if your Contract Accumulation were transferred to a new FTD with a comparable remaining term on that day.

The difference between these values roughly corresponds with gain or loss we would incur in selling the assets we purchased to support our obligations under the existing FTD in order to pay for an early withdrawal from an FTD. A MVA imposes this gain or loss on you. The greater the difference in interest rates, the greater the effect that an MVA will have on your Contract Accumulation. The amount of time remaining until maturity for a particular FTD also will affect the determination of an MVA; the greater the length of time remaining until maturity, the greater the effect an MVA will have on your Contract Accumulation.

As a general rule, if interest rates have increased since your FTD was issued, the MVA will be negative and will decrease the amount that you receive; if interest rates have decreased during that period by more than 0.25%, the MVA will be positive and will increase the amount that you receive. The MVA formula (as set forth below) contains a 0.25% factor that is designed to compensate us for certain expenses and losses that we may incur, either directly or indirectly, as a result of a premature surrender, withdrawal, or selection of an Income Option. Thus, even if interest rates remain the same during the period, or decrease by less than 0.25%, the MVA will be negative due to the 0.25% factor. The length of the remaining term on the FTD affects the impact of the 0.25% factor. (For example, if you have 5 years remaining in the FTD, the 0.25% factor will decrease the withdrawal amount by 1.25%.)

Exceptions

Any surrender, withdrawal, or selection of an Income Option from an FTD before the end of its term is considered premature and is subject to an MVA except for:

a surrender to cancel the Contract during the “free look” period;

systematic interest withdrawals;

a surrender or withdrawal made by you within the last 30 days of an FTD’s term;

Income Options that begin during the last year of an FTD’s term; and

amounts withdrawn to pay the death benefit.

1112 ~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus~~

Application of MVA.

We calculate a separate MVA for each FTD by multiplying the amount that you surrender, withdraw, or from which you apply your Contract Accumulation to an Income Option prematurely by the ratio calculated in accordance with the MVA formula set forth below. If multiple FTDs are affected by your premature surrender, withdrawal, or selection of an Income Option, we will apply multiple MVAs, some of which may be positive and some of which may be negative.

We will apply an MVA to each amount prematurely surrendered, withdrawn, or applied to an Income Option from an FTD. We will calculate the MVA as of the date we receive your written request for surrender or withdrawal or on the Annuity Starting Date before we calculate any annuity payments. If an MVA is positive, we will credit the additional amount to the surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment; if an MVA is negative, we will deduct the amount from the surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment. We will also deduct any applicable premium taxes that we have not previously deducted from Premiums or Contract Accumulation before paying any surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment. We will calculate any MVA and/or premium taxes independently of one another, each calculated based on your Contract Accumulation that you are withdrawing or annuitizing before any of the other adjustments. State laws and regulations may differ as to when we apply the MVA. If you were a New York resident at the time you purchased your Contract, we will not assess a MVA if you apply your Contract Accumulation to an Income Option, even if you do so more than one year before the end of an FTD’s term.

FTD Market Value Adjustment Formula

As described above, the Market Value Adjustment applied to an early withdrawal of an FTD reflects the relationship between the interest rate you would earn if you held an existing FTD to its maturity and the interest rate you would earn if you transferred those same assets to a new current FTD with a comparable remaining term. The difference between these two values roughly corresponds with gain or loss we would incur in selling the assets we purchased to support our obligations under the existing FTD in order to pay for the early withdrawal. To compensate us for certain expenses and losses we may incur when you take an early withdrawal from an FTD, either directly or indirectly, we also deduct 0.25% when comparing the interest rates in the MVA formula. Generally, when the interest rate for the ‘current FTD’ would be higher than the rate for the ‘existing FTD’ minus 0.25%, the MVA will result in a loss, and when the interest rate for the ‘current FTD’ would be lower than the rate for the ‘existing FTD’ minus 0.25%, the MVA will result in a gain. The MVA imposes this gain or loss on you.

In calculating the MVA, we account for:

(1)

the amount of time remaining until the FTD’s originally scheduled maturity date;

(2)

the FTD’s original interest rate; and

(3)

the corresponding interest rate for a similar new investment with a term equal to the time remaining until the FTD’s original maturity date.

For item (3) in this calculation, we use the rate for a current FTD we may ~~offer~~ offer (in any contract) of the appropriate term length (which term will generally be a length closest to the time remaining in the FTD). If we do not offer such a FTD at the time of the early withdrawal date of the FTD being withdrawn, then we will use the yields for U.S. Treasury STRIPS of appropriate term lengths for the interest rate of both item (2), the FTD’s original interest rate, and item (3).

The formula to calculate the MVA applicable to an FTD withdrawal is the amount of the withdrawal multiplied by N multiplied by R. The formula is multiplying the amount of the withdrawal by the number of years remaining to maturity of the FTD, “N,” and by a factor representing the effect of the change in interest rates, “R.” These factors are calculated as follows:


N		=		the number of years remaining until maturity of the FTD. This number is calculated by multiplying the number of days remaining until maturity by 12 and dividing by 365, rounding the result up to the next whole number, and then dividing this result by 12.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 12

The formula for “N” takes the remaining time to maturity in days and converts it to an equivalent figure in years after first calculating an equivalent period in months and rounding up to the next whole number of months.

We then calculate a value “M” which is equal to “N” rounded up to the next whole number. “M” is the time remaining to maturity rounded up to the next whole number of years. This whole number of years is the term we will use to determine the appropriate current rate of interest used in the MVA formula.

R = “I” reduced by “J” and further reduced by 0.25%, where “I” and “J” are calculated as follows:


R	=	“I” reduced by “J” and further reduced by 0.25%, where “I” and “J” are calculated as follows:

		“I” is the FTD’s original interest rate. “J” is the corresponding current rate for an investment from the time of the early withdrawal until the FTD’s original maturity date.

		The transaction date equals the applicable Annuity Starting Date or the effective date of the withdrawal or surrender.

		If a new FTD with a term of “M” years is available to you on the transaction date, then

		I = the interest rate applicable to the original FTD

		J = the interest rate applicable to a new FTD with a term of “M” years being offered on the transaction date

“I” is the FTD’s original interest rate. “J” is the corresponding current rate for an investment from the time of the early withdrawal until the FTD’s original maturity date.

The transaction date equals the applicable Annuity Starting Date or the effective date of the withdrawal or surrender.

If a new FTD with a term of “M” years is available to you on the transaction date, then

I = the interest rate applicable to the original FTD

J = the interest rate applicable to a new FTD with a term of “M” years being offered on the transaction date

If a new FTD with a term of “M” years is not available to you on the transaction date, then

I = the yield, as of the effective date of the FTD, of the STRIPS for which the time then remaining until maturity is closest, within six months, to the term of the FTD. If no STRIPS within six months is available, then “I” equals the interpolation of the yields, as of the effective date of the FTD, of the closest STRIPS maturity prior to and the closest STRIPS maturity following the term of the FTD; and J = the yield, as of the transaction date, of the STRIPS for which the time then remaining until maturity is closest, within six months, to “M” years. If no STRIPS within six months is available, then “J” equals the interpolation of the yields, as of the transaction date, of the closest STRIPS maturity prior to and the closest STRIPS maturity following “M” years.

J = the yield, as of the transaction date, of the STRIPS for which the time then remaining until maturity is closest, within six months, to “M” years. If no STRIPS within six months is available, then “J” equals the interpolation of the yields, as of the transaction date, of the closest STRIPS maturity prior to and the closest STRIPS maturity following “M” years.

STRIPS refers to U.S. Treasury STRIPS. The STRIPS yield is the U.S. Treasury STRIPS asked yield reported by The Wall Street Journal, or any successor thereto. If the U.S. Treasury STRIPS asked yield is no longer reported by The Wall Street Journal or its successor, we will choose a substantially similar yield, subject to any requisite approval of the insurance supervisory official of the jurisdiction in which the Contract is issued.

Demonstration of an FTD MVA

All assumptions, including interest rates, are hypothetical for illustration purposes only.

Example 1:

If a Contract owner invested $10,000 in a 10-year FTD and then made a full withdrawal from the FTD three years after purchase, the following MVA would be calculated if the interest rate on a new FTD with a seven- year term was 1% less than the interest rate on the original FTD.


	At Purchase			At Withdrawal
Premium	$	10,000
Amount of FTD withdrawn (total accumulation balance in this example)				$	10,927
Original/Remaining Time (years)		10			7
Original FTD Rate		3.00	%
New FTD Rate (offered on 7-year FTD at the time of the withdrawal)					2.00	%

MVA				$	574

Total amount of FTD withdrawal				$	11,501

13 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

In the MVA formula N x R = N x (I-J-0.25%), “N”= 7, “I”= 3.00%, and “J”= 2.00%. This factor is then applied to the Contract Accumulation at withdrawal to arrive at the total MVA.

MVA = $10,927 x (7 x (3.00%-2.00%-0.25%)) = $574

So, the MVA results in a FTD withdrawal of the amount withdrawn of $10,927, plus a positive MVA of $574, for a total FTD withdrawal payout of $11,501.

Example 2:


	At Purchase			At Withdrawal
Premium	$	10,000
Amount of FTD withdrawn (total accumulation balance in this example)				$	10,927
Original/Remaining Time (years)		10			7
Original FTD Rate		3.00	%
New FTD Rate (offered on 7 year FTD at the time of the withdrawal)					4.00	%

MVA				$	(956	)

Total amount of FTD withdrawal				$	9,971

In the MVA formula N x R = N x (I-J-0.25%), “N”= 7, “I”= 3.00%, and “J”= 4.00%. This factor is then applied to the Contract Accumulation at withdrawal to arrive at the total MVA.

MVA = $10,927 x (7 x (3.00%-4.00%-0.25%)) = -$956

So, the MVA results in a FTD withdrawal of the amount withdrawn of $10,927, minus a negative MVA of $956, for a total FTD withdrawal payout of $9,971.

Example 3:


	At Purchase			At Withdrawal
Premium	$	10,000
Amount of FTD withdrawn (total accumulation balance in this example)				$	10,927
Original/Remaining Time (years)		10			7
Original FTD Rate		3.00	%
New FTD Rate (offered on 7 year FTD at the time of the withdrawal)					3.00	%

MVA				$	(191	)

Total amount of FTD withdrawal				$	10,736

In the MVA formula N x R = N x (I-J-0.25%), “N”= 7, “I”= 3.00%, and “J”= 3.00%. This factor is then applied to the Contract Accumulation at withdrawal to arrive at the total MVA.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 14

MVA = $10,927 x (7 x (3.00%-3.00%-0.25%)) = -$191

So, even though interest rates have remained the same, the MVA results in a FTD withdrawal of the amount withdrawn of $10,927, minus a negative MVA of $191, for a total FTD withdrawal payout of $10,736.

CHARGES

No Deductions from Premiums. The Contract does not provide for any front-end charges (except for premium taxes as may be required in certain jurisdictions—and as described below).

Premium Taxes. Currently, residents of several states may be subject to premium taxes on their Contracts. We normally will deduct any charges for premium taxes from your Contract Accumulation when it is applied to an Income Option or from Premiums or Contract Accumulation when allocated to an FTD account. State premium taxes currently range from 1.0% to 3.5% of nonqualified annuity contract premium payments and are determined by state insurance laws.

Annual Maintenance Fee. Your Contract will be subject to an annual maintenance fee of $25 while there is Contract Accumulation remaining in your Contract to compensate us for the expenses associated with administering your Contract. We will assess this fee annually, on every anniversary of the date of issue of your Contract, and if you surrender your Contract. We will waive the maintenance fee if your Contract Accumulation equals or exceeds $25,000 on an anniversary of your Contract or the day you surrender your Contract. We will deduct this charge first from any amounts you have in the Short Term Holding Account and then from the FTD with the most recent effective date. If more than one FTD became effective on the same most recent date, we will deduct the charge from the FTD with the shortest term on the date when we deduct the charge.

Charge When Systematic Interest Withdrawals are Paid By Check. We may impose a fee of up to $5 per payment for systematic interest withdrawals paid by check.

Market Value Adjustment. If you surrender your Contract more than 30 days before the end of the FTD’s term, make a withdrawal from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of the FTD’s term, apply Contract ~~Accumulation to an Income Option more than one year prior to the maturity of the FTD’s term, we generally will apply~~ an MVA to the amount being surrendered, withdrawn, or applied to an Income Option. An MVA may be positive or negative, which means an MVA may increase or decrease the amount you receive as a surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment. Accordingly, you could lose a substantial portion of the Premium(s) you originally invested. You should carefully consider your income needs before purchasing a Contract. We will not apply an MVA upon cancellation of the Contract during the “free look” period, on systematic interest withdrawals, upon surrender or withdrawal from an FTD within the last 30 days of an FTD’s term, upon application of the Contract Accumulation to an Income Option during the last year of an FTD’s term, or upon payment of the death benefit. State laws and regulations may differ as to when we apply the MVA. If you were a New York resident at the time you purchased your Contract, we will not assess an MVA if you apply your Contract Accumulation to an Income Option, even if you do so more than one year before the end of an FTD’s term.

Accumulation to an Income Option more than one year prior to the maturity of the FTD’s term, we generally will apply an MVA to the amount being surrendered, withdrawn, or applied to an Income Option. An MVA may be positive or negative, which means an MVA may increase or decrease the amount you receive as a surrender, withdrawal, or annuity payment. Accordingly, you could lose a substantial portion of the Premium(s) you originally invested. You should carefully consider your income needs before purchasing a Contract. We will not apply an MVA upon cancellation of the Contract during the “free look” period, on systematic interest withdrawals, upon surrender or withdrawal from an FTD within the last 30 days of an FTD’s term, upon application of the Contract Accumulation to an Income Option during the last year of an FTD’s term, or upon payment of the death benefit. State laws and regulations may differ as to when we apply the MVA. If you were a New York resident at the time you purchased your Contract, we will not assess an MVA if you apply your Contract Accumulation to an Income Option, even if you do so more than one year before the end of an FTD’s term.

Surrender Charge. We will assess a surrender charge for surrenders or withdrawals taken from an FTD more than 30 days before the end of its term. The surrender charge rate equals one half the total interest rate applicable to the fixed term deposit. The surrender charge equals the surrender charge rate multiplied by the amount of the withdrawal. We will not assess a surrender charge:

upon cancellation of your Contract during the “free look” period

to surrenders or withdrawals within 30 days from a FTD maturity

to surrenders or withdrawals from the Short-Term Holding Account

to systematic interest withdrawals

to Contract Accumulation applied to an Income Option, or

to death benefit payments.

Contracts issued to Connecticut residents use the term “Disintermediation Risk Charge” as opposed to “Surrender Charge.”

15 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

RECEIVING ANNUITY PAYMENTS

You can elect to receive guaranteed annuity payments under your Contract. The determination of your annuity payment amounts will be based, among other things, on your choice of an Income Option and the amount applied to the Income Option. You may only apply Contract Accumulation to an Income Option. You may choose to receive monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual payments. If your annuity payments would be less than $100 a month, we may decide to change to less frequent payments, and, if we do, we will inform you of that decision. The total value of annuity payments that are eventually made to you may be more or less than the total Premium(s) you paid under the Contract.

If you choose to receive annuity payments that begin more than one year before the end of an FTD’s term, we will apply an MVA to the Contract Accumulation withdrawn from that FTD before we calculate your annuity payments. (See “Fixed Term Deposit (“FTD”)”—“Market Value Adjustment.”) State laws and regulations may differ as to when we apply the MVA. If you were a New York resident at the time you purchased your Contract, we will not assess an MVA if you apply your Contract Accumulation to an Income Option, even if you do so more than one year before the end of an FTD’s term. We also may deduct any charges for premium taxes from your Contract Accumulation before we apply it to an Income Option. (See “The Contract”— “Charges”— “Premium Taxes.”)

WHEN ANNUITY PAYMENTS BEGIN

Generally, you pick the date when you want annuity payments to begin when you complete your application for a Contract. The date you choose cannot be later than any Annuitant’s or any Contract owner’s 90th birthday. You can choose or change the Annuity Starting Date at any time before annuity payments actually begin. In any case, the Annuity Starting Date cannot be earlier than fourteen months after the day your Contract is issued (twelve months for Contracts issued in Florida). Your first annuity check may be delayed while we process your choice of Income Option and calculate the amount of your initial payment.

For payments to begin on the Annuity Starting Date that you chose, we must receive, in Good Order at our Administrative Office, all information and documentation necessary for the Income Option you have picked. If you have Contract Accumulation for which we have not received all the necessary information in Good Order, we will defer the Annuity Starting Date for that Contract Accumulation until the first day of the month after the information has reached us in Good Order, but not beyond the Annuitant’s or any Contract owner’s 90th birthday. If you have not picked an Income Option, or if we have not otherwise received all the necessary information by the latest Annuity Starting Date, we will begin payments under a One-Life Annuity with a 10 year guaranteed period~~, or a shorter guaranteed period, if required under federal tax law~~.

We will send your annuity payments by mail to your home address or (if you request) by mail or electronic fund transfer to your bank. If you want to change the address or bank where you want your annuity payments sent, it is your responsibility to notify us. We can send payments to your residence or most banks abroad.

ANNUITY PAYMENTS

Your annuity payments are based on your Contract Accumulation applied to provide the annuity payments on the Annuity Starting Date. At the Annuity Starting Date, the dollar amount of each annuity payment resulting from your Contract Accumulation will become fixed, based upon:

•

the Income Option you choose,

•

the length of the guaranteed period you choose, if applicable,

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 16

•

the frequency of payment you choose,

•

the ages of the Annuitant and any Second Annuitant,

•

our then-current annuity rates, which will not be less than those specified in your Contract’s rate schedule and

•

any premium taxes and/or MVAs applied to your Contract Accumulation on the Annuity Starting Date, if applicable.

INCOME OPTIONS

You have a number of different Income Options.

•

One-Life Annuity with or without a Guaranteed Period. This Income Option provides for annuity payments as long as the Annuitant lives. If you choose a guaranteed period (i.e., 10, 15 or 20 years) and your Annuitant dies before the guaranteed period is over, annuity payments will continue to you or your Beneficiary until the end of the guaranteed period you selected. If you do not choose a guaranteed period, all annuity payments end at the Annuitant’s death – so it is possible for the Annuitant to receive only one payment if the Annuitant dies less than a month after annuity payments start.

•

Fixed-Period Annuities. This Income Option provides for annuity payments for a stipulated period of not less than two years or more than 30 years. At the end of the period you’ve chosen, annuity payments will stop. If you and your joint owner, if any, die before the period is up, your Beneficiary becomes the Contract owner.

•

Two-Life Annuities with or without a Guaranteed Period. This Income Option provides for annuity payments as long as the Annuitant or Second Annuitant lives, then continues at either the same or a reduced level for the life of the survivor, or until the end of the specified guaranteed period, if you choose one, whichever period is longer. There are three types of Two-Life Income Options, all available with or without a guaranteed period – Full Benefit While Either the Annuitant or the Second Annuitant is Alive, Two-Thirds Benefit After the Death of Either the Annuitant or the Second Annuitant, and a Half-Benefit After the Death of the Annuitant.

We may offer different Income Options in the future.

The commuted value of any annuity payments remaining to be paid after the death of a Beneficiary and during a guaranteed period may be paid in a lump sum, unless the Contract owner(s) direct(s) us otherwise. The commuted value is the present value of the remaining annuity payments that will be paid in a lump sum, and such present value is equal to the sum of the scheduled annuity payments less the interest that would have been earned on those payments, from the effective date of the commuted value calculation to the dates when each of the scheduled annuity payments would have been made. The circumstances under which commuted value will be paid are described below in the section entitled “General Matters –Payment to an Estate,Guardian, Trustee, etc.”

The Fixed-Period Annuities Income Option is not available if you were a New York resident at the time you purchased your Contract.

Annuity payments are subject to federal income tax.

DEATH BENEFITS

AVAILABILITY AND CHOOSING BENEFICIARIES

Unless the “Special Option For Spouses” (which is described immediately below) applies, the death benefit will be paid to the death benefit payee(s) if any Contract owner or Annuitant dies while there is a Contract Accumulation remaining. We will pay the death benefit on the date that we receive due proof of your death. When you complete your application for a Contract, you will name one or more Beneficiaries to receive the death benefit if any Contract owner or Annuitant dies. You can change your Beneficiaries at any time that there is Contract Accumulation remaining. For more information on designating Beneficiaries, you should contact us, and you may also want to consult your qualified legal adviser.

17 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

SPECIAL OPTION FOR SPOUSES

If the surviving spouse is the sole Beneficiary when the Owner dies, the surviving spouse can choose to become the Contract owner and continue the Contract, or receive the death benefit. If the surviving spouse does not make a choice within 60 days after we receive (in Good Order) due proof of death, the surviving spouse will automatically become the Contract owner and Annuitant, and no death benefit will be paid.

DEFINITION OF SPOUSE UNDER FEDERAL LAW

A person who meets the definition of “spouse” under federal law may avail themselves of certain contractual rights and benefits. Any right of a spouse that is made available to continue the Contract and all Contract provisions relating to spouses and spousal continuation are available only to a person who meets the definition of “Spouse” under federal law. IRS guidance provides that civil unions and domestic partnerships that may be recognized under state law are not marriages unless denominated as such. Consult a qualified tax adviser for more information on this subject.

Contract provisions relating to spouses and spousal continuation are available only to a person who meets the definition of “Spouse” under federal law. IRS guidance provides that civil unions and domestic partnerships that may be recognized under state law are not marriages unless denominated as such. The Respect for Marriage Act, provides certain protections for interracial and same-sex marriages. The impact of this law on existing IRS guidance regarding civil unions and domestic partnerships is uncertain.

AMOUNT OF DEATH BENEFIT

The amount of the death benefit is your Contract Accumulation, if any. Each payee’s death benefit payable date is the date when we have received due proof of death of either the Contract owner or the Annuitant, and all information that we require for payment of the payee’s portion of the death benefit has been received by us at our Administrative Office in Good Order. We will not deduct a surrender charge or apply an MVA to the death benefit payment.

When a death benefit becomes payable, all FTDs will be terminated, and all FTD Values will be applied to the Short Term Holding Account for payment as a death benefit.

METHODS OF PAYMENT OF DEATH BENEFITS

Except as provided below, if a Death Benefit is payable, a Beneficiary may elect a lump sum payment, or, subject to the terms of the contract and State specific provisions, elect to have his or her interest distributed over his or her life, or over a period not extending beyond his or her life expectancy.

Death benefit payments in the form of a period certain or life annuity must have the first payment made within one year of date of death, and must also meet the timing requirements for making an election. Otherwise, the lump sum death benefit must be paid within five years of date of death. Upon payment of the death benefit, the Contract will terminate. Because Beneficiaries may provide the required information to us on different days, Beneficiaries may receive differing amounts, even where all Beneficiaries have been designated so as to share equally in the death benefit proceeds.

In all events, the death benefit and the termination provisions of the Contract will be administered in accordance with the requirements of Section 72(s) of the IRC, as applicable to your Contract.

FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

The following discussion is based on our understanding of current federal income tax law, and is subject to change. For complete information on your personal tax situation, check with a qualified tax adviser.

TAXATION OF ANNUITIES

Contract Eligibility: The Contract can only be purchased as an individual, Non-Qualified contract. All tax information in this prospectus is limited to Non-Qualified Contracts. We do not currently offer Qualified Contracts.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 18

Non-Natural Persons: When the Owner of any Contract is not a natural person (such as a trust), the Owner must generally include in income any increases in the value of the Contract during the taxable year. There are significant exceptions to this rule, such as grantor trusts and certain trusts for the benefit of individuals and a prospective Contract owner which is not a natural person should discuss these potential exceptions with a qualified tax adviser.

The following discussion applies generally to Contracts owned by a natural person that qualify as annuity Contracts for federal income tax purposes.

In General: Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 72 governs annuity taxation generally. WeAn ~~believe an~~ Owner who is a natural person usually won’t be taxed on increases in the value of a Contract until there is a distribution (i.e., the Owner withdraws all or part of the Accumulation Value or takes annuity payments). Since transfers among Investment Accounts under the Contract aren’t considered distributions, they won’t be taxed. Assigning, pledging, or agreeing to assign or pledge any part of the Accumulation Value usually will be considered a distribution.

Withdrawals of accumulated investment earnings are taxable as ordinary income. The IRC generally requires withdrawals to be first allocated to investment earnings.

Withdrawals: If you make a withdrawal, the IRC generally treats such a withdrawal as first coming from earnings and then from your Premiums. Such withdrawn earnings are includible in income.

Required Distributions. In order to be treated as an annuity contract for federal income tax purposes, Section 72(s) of the IRC requires any Contract to contain certain provisions specifying how your interest in the Contract will be distributed in the event of the death of an Owner of the Contract. Specifically, Section 72(s) requires that (a) if any Owner dies on or after the annuity starting date, but prior to the time the entire interest in the Contract has been distributed, the entire interest in the Contract will be distributed at least as rapidly as under the method of distribution being used as of the date of such Owner’s death; and (b) if any Owner dies prior to the annuity starting date, the entire interest in the Contract will be distributed within five years after the date of such Owner’s death. However, if the designated Beneficiary is the surviving spouse of the deceased Owner (as defined under federal law), the Contract may be continued with the surviving spouse as the new Owner (See “Death Benefits”—“Definition of Spouse Under Federal Law”).

Contract endorsements contain provisions that are intended to comply with these IRC requirements, although no regulations interpreting these requirements have yet been issued. We intend to review such provisions and modify them if necessary to assure that they comply with the applicable requirements when such requirements are clarified by regulation or otherwise.

~~Penalty~~10% Premature Distribution Tax on Certain Withdrawals. ~~The~~ The IRC also provides that any amount you receive from your Contract that is included in income may be subject to an IRS ~~tax~~premature ~~penalty~~distribution tax. The amount of the IRS ~~tax~~premature ~~penalty~~distribution tax is equal to 10% of the amount that is includable in income. Some withdrawals will be exempt from ~~the~~this ~~penalty~~treatment. They include any amounts:

(1) paid on or after the taxpayer reaches age 59 1/2; (2) paid after you die;

(2) paid after you die;

(3)

paid if the taxpayer becomes totally disabled (as that term is defined in the IRC);

(4)

paid in a series of substantially equal payments made annually (or more frequently) for life or a period not exceeding life expectancy;

(5)

paid under an immediate annuity; or

(6)

that come from purchase payments made prior to August 14, 1982.

19With ~~TIAA-CREF~~respect ~~Investment~~to ~~Horizon~~(4) above, ~~Annuity~~if ~~Prospectus~~the series of substantially equal periodic payments is modified (unless under permitted exceptions) before the later of your attaining age 59 1/2 or 5 years from the date of the first periodic payment, then the tax for the year of the modification is increased by an amount equal to the tax which would have been imposed (the 10% premature distribution tax) but for the exception plus interest for the tax years in which the exception was used.

A 1035 Exchange after December 31, 2023 is generally disregarded in determining whether a series of substantially equal periodic payments is modified, provided that in the aggregate the contracts involved in the exchange continue the substantially equal periodic payments.

With respect to (4) above, if the series of substantially equal periodic payments is modified (unless under permitted exceptions) before the later of your attaining age 59 1/2 or 5 years from the date of the first periodic payment, then the tax for the year of the modification is increased by an amount equal to the tax which would have been imposed (the 10% penalty tax) but for the exception plus interest for the tax years in which the exception was used. Other exceptions may apply to Qualified Contracts.

Taxation of Death Benefit Proceeds. Amounts may be distributed from a Contract because of your death or the death of the Annuitant. Generally, these amounts are taxed to the recipient if distributed in a lump sum, in the same manner as a surrender of the Contract.

Partial 1035 Exchanges. Section 1035 of the IRC provides that a Contract may be exchanged in a tax-free transaction for another annuity contract. The IRS has also ruled that a partial exchange of an annuity contract, whereby a portion of an annuity contract is directly transferred into another annuity contract, would also qualify as a non-taxable exchange. IRS guidance provides that if a distribution occurs from either of the contracts involved within 180 days of a partial exchange that the IRS may apply general tax principles to determine the substance and hence, the treatment of the transfer. This could result, for example, in the subsequent distribution being treated as money received in the exchange. This 180 day rule does not apply to subsequent distributions taken to effect another 1035 exchange. The IRS guidance also provides that Partial 1035 exchanges are disregarded for purposes of determining whether 2 or more deferred annuity contracts have been purchased from an insurer and its affiliates in a 12 month period. Contract owners should consult their own qualified tax advisers prior to entering into a partial exchange of an annuity contract.

Medicare Tax. Distributions from Contracts are considered “investment income” for purposes of the Medicare tax on investment income. Thus, in certain circumstances, a 3.8% tax may be applied to some or all of the taxable portion of distributions (e.g. earnings) to individuals whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts ($200,000 for filing single, $250,000 for married filing jointly and $125,000 for married filing separately). Please consult a qualified tax advisor for more information.

Transfers, Assignments or Exchanges of a Contract. Transferring or assigning Contract ownership, pledging the Contract as security for a loan, designating an Annuitant, payee or other Beneficiary who is not also the Owner, selecting certain annuity start dates, or exchanging a Contract can have other tax consequences that we don’t discuss here. We will not record a transfer of ownership unless you tell us the transfer is a gift or, if not, the amount the new owner paid for the Contract. This information is required for tax reporting purposes. If you’re thinking about any of those transactions, contact a qualified tax adviser.

Annuity Payments. Although the tax consequences may vary depending on the annuity payment option you select, in general, only a portion of the annuity payments you receive will be includable in your gross income. In general, the excludable portion of each annuity payment you receive will be determined as follows: by dividing the “investment in the contract” on the annuity ~~commencement~~start date by the total expected return of the annuity payments for the term of the payments. This is the percentage of each annuity payment that is excludable.

The remainder of each annuity payment is includable in gross income. Once the “investment in the contract” has been fully recovered, the full amount of any additional annuity payments is includable in gross income and taxed as ordinary income.

If, after the annuity ~~commencement~~start date, annuity payments stop because an Annuitant died, the excess (if any) of the “investment in the contract” as of the annuity ~~commencement~~start date over the aggregate amount of annuity payments received that was excluded from gross income may possibly be allowable as a deduction in your tax return. You should consult a tax adviser before electing the ~~Initial~~ Initial Payment Guarantee or a feature with stabilized payments.

~~TIAA-CREF~~Partial ~~Investment~~Annuitization. ~~Horizon~~If part of an annuity contract’s value is applied to an annuity that provides payments for one or more lives or for a period of at least ten years, those payments will be taxed as annuity payments instead of withdrawals. While the Contract does not offer partial annuitization, this treatment may be obtained through a Partial 1035 Exchange (as described above) to an immediate annuity contract. Please note that if you choose to apply part of your Accumulation Value to a Fixed Period Annuity ~~Prospectus~~for 20less than ten years, those payments will be taxed less favorably, as withdrawals, rather than as annuity payments. Consult your qualified tax advisor. See “The Contract—the Annuity Period.”

Partial Annuitization. If part of an annuity contract’s value is applied to an annuity that provides payments for one or more lives or for a period of at least ten years, those payments will be taxed as annuity payments instead of withdrawals. While the Contract does not offer partial annuitization, this treatment may be obtained through a Partial 1035 Exchange (as described above) to an immediate annuity contract. Please note that if you choose to apply part of your Accumulation Value to a Fixed Period Annuity for less than ten years, those payments will be taxed less favorably, as withdrawals, rather than as annuity payments. Consult your tax advisor. See “The Contract—the Annuity Period.”

WITHHOLDING

Annuity distributions are usually subject to withholding for the recipient’s federal income tax liability at rates that vary according to the type of distribution and the recipient’s tax status. However, recipients can usually choose not to have tax withheld from distributions.

MULTIPLE CONTRACTS

In determining gross income, IRC Section 72(e) will generally treat as one contract all TIAA Life and TIAA Non-Qualified deferred annuity Contracts issued to the same Owner during any calendar year. This could affect when income is taxable and how much might be subject to the 10% ~~penalty~~premature distribution tax (see above). Consult a qualified tax adviser before buying more than one annuity Contract for the purpose of gaining a tax advantage.

Annuity Purchases by Residents of Puerto Rico. The IRS’ ~~has~~current ~~announced~~position is that income from a nonqualified annuity received by residents of Puerto Rico ~~under~~from ~~life insurance or annuity~~ contracts issued by a ~~Puerto~~U.S. ~~Rico~~insurer ~~branch of a United States life insurance company~~ is U.S.- source income that is generally subject to United States federal income tax.

Annuity Purchases by Nonresident Non-citizens of the United States and Foreign Corporations. The discussion above provides general information regarding U.S. federal income tax consequences to annuity purchasers that are U.S. citizens or residents. Purchasers that are not U.S. citizens or residents will generally be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax on taxable distributions from annuity contracts at a 30% rate, unless a lower treaty rate applies.

In addition, such purchasers may be subject to state and/or municipal taxes and taxes that may be imposed by the purchaser’s country of citizenship or residence. Additional withholding may occur with respect to entity purchasers (including foreign corporations, partnerships and trusts) that are not U.S. residents. This ~~contract~~Contract may not be available to certain foreign entity purchasers.

Prospective purchasers are advised to consult with a qualified tax ~~adviser~~advisor regarding U.S., state, and foreign taxation with respect to an annuity Contract purchase.

OTHER TAX ISSUES

Possible Charge for TIAA Life’s Taxes. Currently, we do not charge the Contracts for any federal, state, or local taxes on it other than premium taxes (See “The Contract”—“Charges”—“Premium Taxes”), but we reserve the right to charge the Contracts for any tax or other cost resulting from tax laws that we believe should be attributed to the Contracts.

Foreign Tax Credits. We may benefit from any foreign tax credits attributable to taxes paid by certain funds to foreign jurisdictions to the extent permitted under federal tax law.

Federal Estate Taxes, Generation-Skipping Transfer Taxes. While no attempt is being made to discuss in detail the federal estate tax implications of the Contract, a purchaser should keep in mind that the value of an annuity Contract owned by a decedent and payable to a Beneficiary by virtue of surviving the decedent is included in the decedent’s gross estate. Depending on the terms of the annuity Contract, the value of the annuity included in the gross estate may be the value of the lump sum payment payable to the designated Beneficiary or the actuarial value of the payments to be received by the Beneficiary. Consult an estate planning adviser for more information. Under certain circumstances, the IRC may impose a “generation skipping transfer tax” (“GST”) when all or part of an annuity Contract is transferred to, or a death benefit is paid to, an individual two or more generations younger than the Owner. Regulations issued under the IRC may require us to deduct the tax from your Contract, or from any applicable payment, and pay it directly to the IRS.

2123 ~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus~~

~~Under~~For ~~certain circumstances~~2025, the ~~IRC~~federal ~~may~~estate ~~impose~~tax, agift ~~“generation~~tax ~~skipping~~and ~~transfer~~GST tax~~” (“GST”)~~ ~~when~~exemptions ~~all~~and ormaximum ~~part~~rates ofare $13.199 million anand ~~annuity Contract is transferred to~~40%, orrespectively. aThe ~~death~~potential ~~benefit~~application isof ~~paid~~these ~~to,~~taxes anunderscores ~~individual two or more generations younger than~~ the ~~Owner.~~importance ~~Regulations~~of ~~issued~~seeking ~~under~~guidance ~~the~~from ~~IRC~~a ~~may~~qualified ~~require~~adviser us to ~~deduct~~help ~~the~~ensure ~~tax~~that ~~from~~ your ~~Contract,~~ orestate ~~from~~plan ~~any~~adequately ~~applicable~~addresses ~~payment,~~your needs and ~~pay~~those itof ~~directly~~your beneficiaries tounder ~~the~~all ~~IRS~~possible scenarios.

For 2022, the federal estate tax, gift tax and GST tax exemptions and maximum rates are $12,060,000 and 40%, respectively. The potential application of these taxes underscores the importance of seeking guidance from a qualified adviser to help ensure that your estate plan adequately addresses your needs and those of your beneficiaries under all possible scenarios.

Premium Taxes. Some states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico assess premium taxes on the premiums paid under the Contract. We will deduct the total amount of premium taxes, if any, from your accumulation based on current state insurance laws, subject to the provisions of your contract, and our status in the state. Generally, the nonqualified premium taxes range from 1.0% to 3.5% depending on the state.

Possible Tax Law Changes. Although the likelihood of ~~legislative~~ legislative changes is uncertain, there is always the possibility that the tax treatment of the Contract could change by legislation or otherwise. Many individual tax provisions from 2017 are expiring at the end of this year, increasing the probability of significant tax legislation. However, the timing and nature of legislative changes is uncertain. Consult a tax adviser with respect to legislative developments and their effect on the Contract. We have the right to modify the Contract in response to legislative changes that could otherwise diminish the favorable tax treatment that annuity contract owners currently receive. We make no guarantee regarding the tax status of any Contract and doqualified ~~not intend~~ the above discussion asdoes not constitute tax advice.

Enacted Tax Legislation.

TAX ADVICE

What we tell you here about federal and other taxes isn’t comprehensive and is for general information only. It doesn’t cover every situation and cannot be used to avoid any tax. Taxation varies depending on the circumstances, and state and local taxes may also be involved. For complete information on your personal tax situation, check with a qualified tax adviser.

TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Business Overview

We are a stock life insurance company and were organized under the laws of the state of New York on December 18, 1996. We commenced operations under our former name, TIAA Life Insurance Company and changed our name on May 1, 1998. Our headquarters are located at 730 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017- 3206. We are a wholly-owned subsidiary of TIAA. We are subject to regulation by the New York State Department of Financial Services, as well as by the insurance regulatory authorities of all the states and certain other jurisdictions. We are licensed to issue life insurance and annuity products in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

~~TIAA-CREF~~Our ~~Investment~~primary ~~Horizon~~products ~~Annuity~~are ~~Prospectus~~annuities 22and funding agreements. The annuities are marketed directly to individuals or to individuals through an insurance group trust while the funding agreements are issued directly to states and to institutions. We previously offered life insurance and separate account guaranteed interest contracts (“SAGIC”), and additional information for these product lines is presented below.

Our primary products are annuities, and funding agreements. The annuities are marketed directly to individuals or to individuals through an insurance group trust while the funding agreements are issued directly to states and to institutions. We previously offered life insurance and separate account guaranteed interest contracts (“SAGIC”), and additional information for these product lines is presented below.

We market primarily to the individuals who own retirement annuities or insurance policies issued by our parent, TIAA. Beginning in May, 2012, TIAA Life expanded its marketing reach beyond its historic TIAA customer base targeting the general public, using independent third-party insurance distributors.

Additional information concerning our business segments may be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included herein.

Individual Annuities

The Individual Annuities business segment issues (and provides customer service for) a number of individual Non-Qualified annuity products. We distribute our annuity products through non-commissioned agents appointed by us. Those agents selling variable annuities and/or modified guaranteed annuities are also registered representatives of our affiliated broker-dealers. We offer both flexible premium deferred annuities and single premium immediate annuities.

Our variable annuities offer contract owners the opportunity to invest in various investment subaccounts of the separate accounts, based on the contract owners’ investment allocation decisions, while some of the variable annuities also offer a fixed account option through our general account, which guarantees principal and a minimum interest rate. The separate accounts that support our variable annuities are registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as unit investment trusts, and their assets are invested in corresponding portfolios of the TIAA-CREF Life Funds, a Delaware statutory trust registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (File No. 811-08961) as an open-end management investment company, or in other, non-proprietary funds.

At December 31, ~~2021~~2024, the general account reserves associated with our ~~outstanding~~ outstanding individual annuities were approximately $1(10,~~292~~ 775.5) million, and total separate account liabilities associated with outstanding individual annuities were approximately $4(3,~~056~~915.6 2) million.

Life Insurance

The Life Insurance business segment distributed term life insurance, universal life insurance and variable universal life insurance until December 31, 2019, at which time we discontinued new sales. Currently only a universal life policy is available as a conversion option for customers with term life insurance policy conversion privileges.

Assets associated with variable universal life insurance policies are held in various investment subaccounts of separate accounts, based on policyholders’ investment allocation decisions. Those separate accounts are registered with the SEC as unit investment trusts, and their assets are invested in the corresponding portfolios of the TIAA-CREF Life Funds or in other, non-proprietary funds.

Reinsurance. We discontinued the sale of life insurance on December 31, 2019. All reinsurance agreements apply to the management of our in-force policies. We use reinsurance to manage risk by ceding (i.e., transferring) some of our insurance reserve liabilities to other insurance and reinsurance companies. Even when we enter into a reinsurance contract with another insurance or reinsurance company, we will retain liability with respect to ceded insurance should the reinsurer fail to meet its obligations. Our maximum retention is $1.5 million for one insured life and $2.5 million for two insured lives for contracts issued prior to June 27, 2006, and $5.0 million for one insured life and $9.0 million for two insured lives for contracts issued on or after June 27, 2006.

23 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

For contracts issued after May 1, 2012, our maximum retention is $15 million on one insured life and $20 million for two insured lives. Our maximum retention is less for certain issue ages and underwriting classifications.

At December 31, ~~2021~~ 2024, we had total life insurance in force of approximately $5845.37 billion, of which approximately $3729.67 billion was ceded through reinsurance. At December 31, ~~2021~~2024, total policy reserves held in our general account associated with life insurance policies in force on that date were approximately $2,~~644~~608.51 million, and separate account liabilities associated with outstanding variable universal life policies were approximately $~~736~~859.86 million.

Funding Agreements

Our Funding Agreements business segment currently focuses on providing non-participating flexible premium funding agreements, which are issued from our general account, to support education-related investment and/or savings programs sponsored by various states. Several states sponsor a 529 college savings plan (named after section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”)), and each plan is a tax-advantaged investment and savings program designed to encourage account owners to save for the future higher education expenses of a designated beneficiary. Some states offer a guaranteed option to those investing in the state’s college savings plan, and we provide funding agreements to certain states to support their guaranteed option, which guarantees a return of account owners’ principal, with interest. We can also make available a funding agreement to any state that provides a state scholarship program for those seeking higher education.

WeAs ~~currently~~of December 31, 2024 we have funding agreements with ~~twelve~~eleven states including California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, ~~Kentucky~~Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, ~~Oregon,~~ Vermont, and Wisconsin. There are 2220 funding agreements in 1210 states that have current state 529 plans. At December 31, ~~2021~~2024, the general account reserves associated with our Funding Agreements were approximately $7(9,~~874~~341.6 ) million.

Separate Account Guaranteed Interest Contracts

TIAA Life issued its first SAGIC contract in 2012 and ~~it’s~~its last contract was discontinued in 1Q 2020.

Additional Business Considerations

In addition to the preceding description of the products that we distribute, and formerly distributed, there are other elements of our business operations that may affect our operating performance and our financial condition.

Investments

Our general account investment portfolio primarily consists of bonds, stocks, cash, short-term investments and other long-term investments. Our total assets were approximately $17(18,~~621~~ 838.2) million at December 31, ~~2021~~2024. Of this total amount, the assets in the separate accounts equaled approximately $(4,~~806~~788.5 9) million, and those in the general account equaled approximately $12(14,~~819~~049.6 3) million. Our overall general account portfolio quality was very high with ~~99.5~~(97)% of our total invested assets classified as ~~investment grade~~ ~~with approximately 0.5% of our portfolio below~~ investment grade.

The selection and management of our general account investment portfolio reflect the asset/liability analyses that we perform for our various business segments and the specific products that they issue. Our investment objective is to earn the highest possible rates of return within reasonable risk parameters while ensuring a prudently diversified portfolio.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 24

The Notes to “TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company’s Statutory-Basis Financial Statements,” included herein, contain additional information about our investment portfolio and explain how we value each asset class under the statutory accounting principles that we follow, in accordance with the insurance regulatory framework with which we must comply.

Policy Liabilities and Accruals

The applicable state insurance laws under which we operate require that we record policy liabilities to meet the future obligations associated with all of our outstanding policies. These liabilities are calculated in accordance with such applicable state insurance laws and are the amounts that allow us to make adequate provision for the anticipated future cash flows required by our contractual obligations on all outstanding policies. These state insurance laws specify the calculation method(s), mortality rates and interest rates that we are required to use, in order to determine the minimum required liabilities for the various policy types that we issued and have outstanding.

Federal Income Tax Consequences

Our earnings are subject to federal income tax rules similar to those applied to other corporations. However, the IRC contains specific provisions relevant to life insurance companies that impact the amount and timing of certain income and deductible amounts. Such items include, but are not limited to, the treatment of our policy and contract reserves and acquisition costs.

Employees

We do not currently have any employees. Our operational needs are provided by TIAA and certain of its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, pursuant to various service, investment management, administrative, selling and distribution agreements, or by third party service providers under separate agreements. All officers and executive officers of the Company are employees of TIAA.Under the agreements with TIAA and its subsidiaries, we reimburse TIAA (and TIAA reimburses its applicable subsidiaries) for certain costs associated with providing these services. We believe that such services are most efficiently performed in this manner to meet our operational needs and that we, thereby, avoid duplicate costs among us, TIAA, and its applicable subsidiaries.

Executive Compensation

As noted above, all our officers and executive officers are employees of TIAA. Accordingly, we do not determine or pay any compensation to our executive officers or any other personnel providing services to the Company.

Properties

The Company has no business offices. Our business activities are transacted in facilities owned or leased by TIAA in New York, North Carolina, and several other states pursuant to an inter-company service agreement between the two companies.

Summary Information and Risk Factors

The operating results of insurance and annuity companies have historically been subject to significant fluctuations. The potential risk factors that could affect our future results include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions and the trends and uncertainties that are discussed more fully below.

We operate in a mature, highly competitive industry and that could limit our ability to gain or maintain our competitive position in the industry, which could negatively affect our future profitability.

The life insurance and annuity industry in which we operate is a very mature industry and is highly competitive, with many companies of varying sizes offering products that are similar to ours and distributing them through a variety of marketing channels. We compete in the sale of our products with a large number of insurance companies, investment management firms, mutual fund companies, banks and other types of competitors. Many of the entities with whom we compete are larger, have been established for a longer period of time, have broader distribution channels and/or have more resources than we do. Furthermore, larger competitors may be better able than we are to lower their operating costs or have a better ability to absorb greater risk, while maintaining their financial strength ratings, which may allow them to price their products more competitively.

25 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

We offer annuity products designed to meet the demands of an aging population with evolving retirement savings and wealth protection needs.

Competition in each of our businesses is based on a number of factors, which include investment performance, efficiency and ease of distribution, servicing capability, range of products, product quality, features and innovation, competitive fees, financial strength and organizational reputation. ~~Our competitive strengths include our low expenses,~~ historically high credited interest rates, good customer service and, for certain of our products, low liquidity demands, which permit us to invest the related assets in less liquid, longer-term, higher yielding investments, which in turn improves our ability to deliver strong long-term investment performance. We believe that we are well positioned to maintain and even increase our market position in the face of this competition; however, there are risks to our ability to meet that goal. Our ~~continued~~ ability to compete depends upon many internal and external factors that may affect us. Some of the internal factors that may affect our future competitiveness include our ability to market to target customers, our ability to effectively market to fee-based financial advisors and to independent insurance agents, our ability to develop and maintain competitive products, our ability to maintain an appropriate cost structure and our ability to maintain strong financial strength ratings from the nationally recognized rating agencies. Some of the external factors that may affect our future competitiveness include potential changes in the tax treatment of the products that we offer, changes in the relative competitive strengths ~~of the other entities in our marketplace, and the continuing evolution of financial products and services offered by our competitors.~~

include our low expenses, historically high credited interest rates, good customer service and, for certain of our products, low liquidity demands, which permit us to invest the related assets in less liquid, longer-term, higher yielding investments, which in turn improves our ability to deliver strong long-term investment performance. We believe that we are well positioned to maintain and even increase our market position in the face of this competition; however, there are risks to our ability to meet that goal. Our continued ability to compete depends upon many internal and external factors that may affect us. Some of the internal factors that may affect our future competitiveness include our ability to market to target customers, our ability to effectively market to fee-based financial advisors and to independent insurance agents, our ability to develop and maintain competitive products, our ability to maintain an appropriate cost structure and our ability to maintain strong financial strength ratings from the nationally recognized rating agencies. Some of the external factors that may affect our future competitiveness include potential changes in the tax treatment of the products that we offer, changes in the relative competitive strengths of the other entities in our marketplace, and the continuing evolution of financial products and services offered by our competitors.

Substantial regulation of the insurance and annuity industry may adversely affect our business.

We are licensed to transact our life insurance and annuity business in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, and we are subject to substantial government regulation in each of the jurisdictions in which we are licensed. Such regulation includes, among others, the authority to grant or revoke operating licenses and to regulate premium rates, benefits, marketing and sales practices, advertising, the form and content of policy forms, underwriting standards, deposits of securities, investments, accounting practices and the maintenance of specified reserves and capital adequacy. Such regulation is concerned primarily with the protection of contract owners rather than stockholders or general creditors.

Most jurisdictions also have laws requiring companies like us to participate as members of their life and health insurance guaranty associations. These associations levy assessments on all member insurers based on the proportionate share of the premiums written by each member in the lines of business in which an impaired or insolvent insurer is engaged. While the amount of future assessments cannot be accurately predicted, we may be required to allocate funds to satisfy unanticipated assessments in the future, and that could adversely affect our results of operations for the period when those assessments occur.

We are required to file detailed annual statutory-basis financial statements with supervisory agencies in each of the jurisdictions in which we are licensed. We are also subject to examination by such agencies at regular intervals.

As life insurers introduce new and often more complex products, regulators may refine capital requirements and introduce new reserving standards for the life insurance industry. Regulations recently adopted or currently under review can potentially impact the reserving/capital requirements and marketing/sales practices for certain products, particularly variable annuities and the optional guaranteed benefits offered with these products.

If an insurer’s risk-based capital falls below specified levels, the insurer would be subject to different degrees of regulatory action, depending upon the level. Possible regulatory actions range from requiring the insurer to take actions to correct the risk-based capital deficiency to placing the insurer under regulatory control.

While the life insurance industry is primarily regulated at the state level, some products are also subject to federal regulation. Various federal and state securities regulators and self-regulatory organizations, such as the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), continue to review and, in many cases, adopt changes to their established rules and policies in areas such as corporate governance, mutual fund trading, mutual fund and variable annuity distribution practices, disclosure practices and auditor independence that can impact the insurance industry.

~~TIAA-CREF~~In ~~Investment~~recent ~~Horizon~~years, ~~Annuity~~various ~~Prospectus~~legislative 26proposals have also been introduced in Congress that called for the federal government to assume some role in the regulation of the insurance industry. To date, none of the

~~In recent years, various legislative proposals have also been introduced in Congress that called for the~~ ~~federal government to assume some role in the regulation of the insurance industry. To date, none of the~~ Congressional proposals has been enacted. We cannot predict what form any such future proposals might take or what effect, if any, such proposals might have on us if enacted into law. Any legislation that increases government regulation of the industry may have an adverse effect on our operations. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations is time consuming and personnel-intensive, and changes in these laws and regulations may materially increase both our direct and indirect compliance-related costs and other expenses of doing business, thus potentially having a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Future changes in laws and regulation, including the tax treatment of the products we sell, may adversely affect our business.

Federal legislation, administrative policies and court decisions can significantly and adversely affect our business in relation to product tax issues and taxation generally. For example, the following events could adversely affect our business:

•

Changes in tax laws that would reduce or eliminate the tax-deferred accumulation of earnings on the premiums paid by the holders of annuities and life insurance products;

•

Reductions in income tax rates which reduce the value of tax-deferral; or

•

Repeal of the federal estate tax

Existing federal laws and regulations affect the taxation and, as a result, the relative attractiveness of the products that we issue. Income tax on investment earnings during the accumulation period of certain life insurance and annuity products is generally deferred for contract owners. This favorable tax treatment may give certain of our products a competitive advantage over other, non-insurance products. To the extent that the IRC may be revised in the future to reduce or eliminate the tax-deferred advantage of life insurance and/or annuity products, or may be revised to create or increase the tax-deferred treatment of competing products, all life insurance companies could be adversely affected with respect to their ability to sell life insurance and/or annuity products. Also, depending upon any grandfathering provisions that may be created if the IRC were revised to reduce or eliminate the tax-deferred advantage of life insurance and/or annuity products, we could be adversely affected by the surrenders of existing annuity contracts and/or life insurance policies.

Additionally, if enacted, currently proposed changes in the federal tax law that would establish new tax- advantaged retirement and life savings plans could reduce the relative benefits of investing in life insurance and/or annuity products. Such proposals include changes that may create new non-insurance vehicles for tax-exempt savings.

The individual provisions of the Act may impact contract owners’ personal tax situations, including the benefit of tax-deferral. However, we have not identified any provisions of the Act that would diminish the favorable tax treatment that annuity contract owners currently receive. Contract owners should discuss the possibility of such impacts with their tax advisers.

We cannot predict what additional changes, if any, to existing tax law, or the relevant interpretations of such tax law, may ultimately be enacted or adopted, and, as a result, we cannot predict whether any such changes will adversely affect the future taxation of our operations.

A downgrade in our ratings from the nationally recognized rating agencies could materially and adversely affect many aspects of our business.

Ratings from the nationally recognized rating agencies are an important factor in the competitive positioning of life insurance and annuity companies. A downgrade in our ratings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, a downgrade in our ratings could adversely affect (i) our ability to sell certain of our products and (ii) the returns on the insurance and annuity products we issue and, ultimately, (iii) the results of our operations. Rating agencies regularly review the operating performance and financial condition of insurers, including us. Rating agencies assign ratings based upon several factors. While most of the factors relate to the rated company, some of the factors relate to the views of the rating agency about the rated company’s industry, general economic conditions and circumstances outside the rated company’s control. In addition, rating agencies use various models and formulas to assess the strength of a rated company, and may, from time to time, alter their models. Changes to the rating agencies’ models could impact the rating

2729 ~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus~~

~~performance and financial condition of insurers, including us. Rating agencies assign ratings based upon~~ several factors. While most of the factors relate to the rated company, some of the factors relate to the views of the rating agency about the rated company’s industry, general economic conditions and circumstances outside the rated company’s control. In addition, rating agencies ~~use various models and formulas to assess the strength of a rated company, and may, from time to time, alter their models. Changes to the rating agencies~~’ ~~models could impact the rating agencies’~~ judgment of the rating to be assigned to the rated company. We cannot predict what actions the rating agencies may take in the future or how those actions could affect us.

A downgrade in TIAA’s ratings from the nationally recognized rating agencies could materially and adversely affect many aspects of our business.

We have a financial support agreement with TIAA. Under this agreement, TIAA will provide support so that we will have the greater of (a) capital and surplus of $250.0 million, (b) the amount of capital and surplus necessary to maintain our capital and surplus at a level not less than 150% of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) Risk Based Capital model or (c) such other amount as necessary to maintain our financial strength ratings from the nationally recognized rating agencies at least the same as TIAA’s ratings at all times. This agreement is not an evidence of indebtedness or an obligation or liability of TIAA and does not provide any of our contract owners with recourse to TIAA.

The risks noted above about a downgrade in our ratings from the nationally recognized rating agencies are also applicable to TIAA, and a downgrade in TIAA’s ratings could have a material adverse effect on us because of the terms of the financial support agreement that we have with TIAA. Under one of the provisions of that financial support agreement, TIAA will provide financial support to us as necessary to maintain our financial strength rating at least the same as TIAA’s rating at all times. TIAA’s Statutory-Basis Financial Statements are included in our Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the SEC.

Our operating results may be negatively affected in the future if actual experience differs from the assumptions and estimates that management used in underwriting and distributing our products.

Our product pricing includes long-term assumptions regarding investment returns, mortality, morbidity, persistency, operating costs and other expenses of our business. We establish target returns for each product based upon these factors and the average amount of capital that we must hold to support in-force contracts, to satisfy rating agencies’ expectations and to meet regulatory requirements. We monitor and manage our pricing and overall sales mix to achieve target returns on a portfolio basis. Profitability from new business emerges over a period of years depending on the nature and life of the product and is subject to variability as actual results may differ from pricing assumptions.

Our profitability depends on the adequacy of investment margins, the management of market and credit risks associated with our investments, the sufficiency of premiums and contract charges to cover mortality and morbidity benefits, the persistency of policies to ensure recovery of acquisition expenses and the management of operating costs and expenses within anticipated pricing allowances. Legislation and regulation of the insurance marketplace and products could also affect our profitability.

Our ability to maintain our competitive cost structure is dependent upon us generating a sufficient level of new sales and achieving our projected persistency of existing business.

Our ability to maintain our competitive cost structure is dependent upon a number of factors, such as us generating a sufficient level of new sales, achieving our projected persistency (i.e., continuation or renewal) of existing business and achieving successful expense management. A decrease in sales or persistency without a corresponding reduction in expenses may result in higher unit costs, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 28

Interest rate fluctuations and market volatility may affect sales of our products and the profitability of our businesses.

Fluctuations in interest rates, volatility in the securities markets and other economic factors may adversely affect the sales of our products. For example, a decline in market interest rates may result in lower crediting rates on our products, which may adversely affect the desirability of these products to potential customers. Additionally, a protracted period of strong performance of the equity markets could adversely impact the popularity and sales of our fixed annuity products. The level of volatility in the investment markets in which we invest and our overall investment returns also impact our profitability. The profitability of many of our products, and, in particular our annuity products, depend in large part on our ability to manage the spread between the interest rates that we earn on our investments and the interest rates that we credit to holders of our annuity and life insurance products. As markets become more volatile, it can become increasingly difficult to maintain our anticipated spreads. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully manage our spread risk in the future. If we are unable to achieve the interest rate spreads that we projected in pricing our products, our operating performance will be adversely affected.

~~Additionally,~~30 our asset/liability management programs and procedures incorporate assumptions about the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates (i.e., the slope of the yield curve). In general terms, our results are improved when the yield curve is positively sloped (i.e., when long-term interest rates are higher than short-term interest rates), and will be adversely affected by a flat or negatively sloped yield curve. Our asset/liability management programs and procedures also incorporate assumptions about the relationships between risk-adjusted and risk-free interest rates, market liquidity and other factors. The effectiveness of our asset/liability management programs and procedures may be negatively affected whenever actual results differ from the assumptions that we used.

on our products, which may adversely affect the desirability of these products to potential customers. Additionally, a protracted period of strong performance of the equity markets could adversely impact the popularity and sales of our fixed annuity products. The level of volatility in the investment markets in which we invest and our overall investment returns also impact our profitability. The profitability of many of our products, and, in particular our annuity products, depend in large part on our ability to manage the spread between the interest rates that we earn on our investments and the interest rates that we credit to holders of our annuity and life insurance products. As markets become more volatile, it can become increasingly difficult to maintain our anticipated spreads. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully manage our spread risk in the future. If we are unable to achieve the interest rate spreads that we projected in pricing our products, our operating performance will be adversely affected.

Additionally, our asset/liability management programs and procedures incorporate assumptions about the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates (i.e., the slope of the yield curve). In general terms, our results are improved when the yield curve is positively sloped (i.e., when long-term interest rates are higher than short-term interest rates), and will be adversely affected by a flat or negatively sloped yield curve. Our asset/ liability management programs and procedures also incorporate assumptions about the relationships between risk-adjusted and risk-free interest rates, market liquidity and other factors. The effectiveness of our asset/ liability management programs and procedures may be negatively affected whenever actual results differ from the assumptions that we used.

Equity market volatility and downturns in the equity markets could negatively impact our business.

Significant downturns and volatility in the equity markets could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in three principal ways. First, equity market downturns and volatility may discourage purchases of separate account products, such as variable annuities and variable life insurance, because these products have investment returns linked to the performance of the equity markets. Significant downturns and volatility in the equity markets may also cause some of our existing customers to withdraw their cash values or reduce additional investments in those products.

Second, downturns and volatility in the equity markets can have an adverse effect on the revenues that we receive from our separate account products. Because these products generate fees generally from the value of the assets under management, a decline in the equity markets could reduce the value of the investment assets that we manage, thereby reducing our revenues.

Finally, all of our variable annuity products include provisions for guaranteed minimum death benefits that are dependent on or are tied to the investment performance of the assets held within the variable annuity. A significant equity market decline could result in declines in customer account values which could increase our obligation to make payments under guaranteed minimum death benefits in connection with variable annuities. An unexpected increase in such payments could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our investments are subject to market and credit risks.

Our invested assets and derivative financial instruments are subject to the risks of credit defaults and changes in market values. Additionally the value of our commercial mortgage loan portfolio depends, in part, on the financial condition of the tenants occupying the properties that we have financed and the strength of the commercial real estate market, both generally and in the specific markets where the financed properties are located. Factors that may affect the overall default rate on and market value of our invested assets, derivative financial instruments and mortgage loans include market interest rate levels, financial market performance and general economic conditions, as well as particular circumstances affecting the businesses of individual borrowers and tenants.

2931 ~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus~~

We could be forced to sell investments at a loss to pay contract benefits, cover contract owner withdrawals, or fund maturities.

Many of the products that we offer allow contract owners to withdraw their funds under defined circumstances, often without penalties. We manage our liability structure and configure our investment portfolio to maintain sufficient liquidity to support anticipated withdrawal demands, to pay contract benefits and to fund contract maturities. While we own a significant amount of liquid assets, a certain portion of our assets are relatively illiquid. If we experience unanticipated withdrawal, benefit payment or surrender activity, we could exhaust the liquid assets and be forced to liquidate other assets, perhaps on unfavorable terms and incur losses. If we are forced to dispose of assets on unfavorable terms and incur losses, it could have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

We are dependent on the performance of others.

In addition to our reliance on the financial and administrative performance of our reinsurers, which we describe in the next section, our business and operating results may be affected by the performance of others because we have entered into various arrangements involving services provided by other parties. For example, we distribute life insurance products through independent distributors where we do not control their activity as we do with our captive employee agents. Also, a substantial portion of our business is administered by third parties on our behalf. Because certain of these other parties may act on our behalf or represent us in various capacities, we may be held responsible for obligations that arise from the acts or omissions of these other parties. Additionally, our business operations are dependent on various technologies, some of which are provided and/or maintained by other parties.

As with all financial services companies, our ability to conduct business is dependent upon consumer confidence in the industry and in our products. The future actions of our competitors and the potential financial difficulties of other companies in the industry could undermine consumer confidence and adversely affect our retention of existing business and the future sales of our life insurance and annuity products.

Our reinsurers could fail to meet assumed obligations, significantly increase their reinsurance rates, or be subject to adverse developments that could adversely affect our business, our operating results or our organizational reputation.

We cede (i.e., transfer) material amounts of life insurance coverage sold by us to other insurance companies through reinsurance and transfer the related assets to our reinsurers. Notwithstanding the transfer of the related assets, we remain liable with respect to the ceded insurance coverage should any reinsurer fail to meet the obligations assumed by it. Therefore, the financial failure of one or more of our reinsurers could negatively impact our earnings and financial position.

Our ability to compete in the insurance industry is dependent on the availability of reinsurance or other substitute capital market solutions. Our premium rates are based, in part, on the assumption that reinsurance will be available to us at a certain cost. Under certain reinsurance agreements, the reinsurer may prospectively increase the rate it charges us for the reinsurance that we have ceded to the reinsurer. Therefore, if the cost of reinsurance were to increase, or if reinsurance were to become unavailable and if alternatives to reinsurance were not available to us, our profitability could be adversely affected.

In recent years, the number of life reinsurers has decreased as the reinsurance industry has continued to consolidate. Access to reinsurance has become more costly for us as well as for the insurance industry in general. This could have a negative effect on our ability to compete successfully in the future. The decreased number of participants in the life reinsurance market also results in an increased concentration risk for insurers, including us. If the reinsurance market further contracts, our ability to continue to offer our products on favorable terms could be adversely impacted.

~~Financial~~32 service companies are frequently the targets of litigation, including class action litigation, which could result in substantial judgments. Although we are not currently involved in any significant litigation, there can be no assurance that material litigation will not arise in the future.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 30

~~recommending~~Financial ~~unsuitable~~service ~~products~~companies toare ~~customers~~frequently ~~and~~the ~~breaching~~targets ~~fiduciary~~of orlitigation, ~~other~~including ~~duties to customers. Plaintiffs in~~ class action ~~and other lawsuits may seek very large or indeterminate amounts~~ litigation, ~~including punitive and treble damages,~~ which ~~may~~could ~~remain~~result ~~unknown~~in ~~for~~ substantial ~~periods of time~~judgments. ~~While~~Although we are not acurrently ~~party~~involved toin any ~~current~~significant litigation, ~~that could~~there ~~have~~can abe ~~material~~no ~~adverse~~assurance ~~effect~~that onmaterial ~~us,~~ litigation ~~may~~will not arise in the future ~~that may result in material financial losses or require significant management resources~~.

We may become subject to class action and individual lawsuits alleging, among other things, issues relating to sales or underwriting practices, claims payments and procedures, product design, product disclosure, administration, denial or delay of benefits, charging excessive or impermissible fees on products, recommending unsuitable products to customers and breaching fiduciary or other duties to customers. Plaintiffs in class action and other lawsuits may seek very large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, which may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. While we are not a party to any current litigation that could have a material adverse effect on us, litigation may arise in the future that may result in material financial losses or require significant management resources.

We are also subject to various regulatory inquiries, such as information requests, subpoenas and examinations of our books and records, by state and federal regulators and other authorities. A substantial legal liability or a significant regulatory action against us could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, even if we ultimately prevail in the litigation, regulatory action, or investigation, we could suffer significant reputational harm, which could also have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

~~Our~~With the increased use of connected technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Separate Account and its service providers (including, but not limited to, TIAA, TC Services, and financial intermediaries) are susceptible to cybersecurity risks. In general, cybersecurity attacks can result from infection by computer viruses or other malicious software or from deliberate actions or unintentional events, including gaining unauthorized access through “hacking” or other means to digital systems, (networks, or ~~those~~devices ofthat ~~our~~are used to service ~~providers)~~the ~~may~~Separate ~~fail~~Account’s operations in order to misappropriate assets or ~~their~~sensitive ~~security~~information, ~~may~~corrupt data, or cause operational disruption. Cybersecurity attacks can also be ~~compromised~~carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, ~~which~~including by carrying out a “denial-of- service” attack on the Separate Account’s systems or the system of its service providers. In addition, authorized persons could ~~damage~~inadvertently or ~~our~~intentionally ~~business~~release and ~~adversely affect~~possibly ~~our~~destroy ~~financial~~confidential ~~condition~~or ~~and~~proprietary ~~results~~information stored on the Separate Account’s systems or the systems of ~~operation~~its service providers.

~~Our~~Cybersecurity ~~business~~failures isby ~~highly~~us ~~dependent~~or ~~upon~~any of our service providers, the ~~effective~~Underlying ~~operation~~Portfolios, or the issuers of ~~our~~securities ~~computer~~in ~~systems~~which ~~and~~the Underlying ~~those~~Funds ofinvest, ~~our~~have ~~affiliated~~the ability to result in disruptions and ~~unaffiliated~~to ~~service~~impact ~~providers~~business operations, and may adversely affect the Separate Account and the value of your Accumulation Units. WeSuch ~~rely~~disruptions onor ~~these~~impacts ~~systems~~may ~~throughout~~result ~~our~~in: ~~business~~financial ~~for~~losses, interference awith ~~variety~~our processing of ~~functions~~Contract transactions, including the processing ~~applications~~of orders from TIAA’s website or with the Underlying Portfolios; interfere with the Separate Account’s ability to calculate unit values; barriers to trading and ~~claims,~~order ~~providing~~processing; ~~information~~your inability to ~~customers~~transact business with us; violations of applicable federal and state privacy or other laws, regulatory ~~bodies~~fines, ~~and distributors~~litigation, ~~performing~~penalties, ~~actuarial~~reputational ~~analyses~~damage, ~~and~~reimbursement ~~maintaining~~or ~~our~~other ~~financial~~compensation ~~records~~costs, or additional compliance costs. ~~Despite~~The ~~our~~Separate ~~implementation~~Account and its service providers may also maintain sensitive information (including relating to personally identifiable information of ~~what~~investors) weand ~~consider~~a cybersecurity breach may cause such information to be lost, ~~prudent~~improperly ~~security~~accessed, ~~and~~used ~~back-up~~or ~~measures~~disclosed. The Separate Account may incur additional, ~~our~~incremental ~~computer~~costs ~~systems~~to prevent and ~~those~~mitigate the risks of cybersecurity attacks or incidents in the future. The Separate Account and its Contract Owners could be ~~our~~negatively impacted by such cybersecurity attacks or incidents. Although the Separate Account has established business ~~partners~~continuity ~~may~~plans beand ~~vulnerable~~risk-based processes and controls to ~~physical~~address orsuch ~~electronic~~cybersecurity ~~intrusions~~risks, ~~computer~~there ~~viruses~~are orinherent ~~other~~limitations ~~attacks,~~in ~~programming~~such plans ~~errors~~and systems in part due to the evolving nature of technology and ~~similar~~cybersecurity ~~disruptive~~attack ~~problems~~tactics. ~~The~~As ~~failure~~a ofresult, ~~these~~it ~~systems~~is ~~for~~possible ~~any~~that ~~reason~~the ~~could~~Separate ~~cause~~Account ~~significant~~or ~~interruptions~~the Separate Account’s service providers will not be able to adequately identify or ~~our~~prepare ~~operations,~~for ~~which~~all ~~could~~cybersecurity ~~result~~attacks. inIn aaddition, ~~material~~the ~~adverse~~Separate ~~effect~~Account oncannot ~~our~~directly ~~business,~~control ~~financial~~the ~~condition~~cybersecurity plans or ~~results~~systems ofimplemented ~~operation~~by its service providers.

We33 retain confidential information in our computer systems and those of our service providers, and we rely on sophisticated commercial technologies to maintain the security of those systems. Anyone who is able to circumvent our security measures and/or penetrate our computer systems and/or those of our service providers could access, view, misappropriate, alter, or delete any information in the systems, including personally identifiable customer information and proprietary business information. An increasing number of states require that customers be notified if a security breach results in the disclosure of personally identifiable customer information. Any compromise of the security of our computer systems and those of our service providers that results in inappropriate disclosure of personally identifiable customer information could damage our reputation in the marketplace, deter people from purchasing our products, subject us to significant civil and criminal liability and require us to incur significant technical, legal and other expenses.

We are exposed to unanticipated risks, such as natural disasters, pandemics and malicious or terrorist acts, which could adversely affect our operations.

While we have implemented what we believe are prudent risk management and contingency plans and have taken other preventive measures and precautions, we could still be affected by scenarios that could have an adverse effect on us. In addition, our policies and procedures to identify, monitor and manage risks may not be fully effective. Many of our methods of managing risk and exposures are based upon historical market behavior or statistics based on historical models. As a result, these methods may not predict future exposures, which could be significantly greater than historical measures would indicate. Other risk management methods depend on the evaluation of information regarding markets, clients, catastrophe occurrence or other matters that is publicly available or otherwise accessible to us; however, this information may not always be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated.

A natural disaster (such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes and tornadoes), a pandemic, or an outbreak of an easily communicable disease could adversely affect our mortality or morbidity experience or that of our reinsurers. Such events could also have an adverse effect on lapses and surrenders of existing policies, as well as a reduction in the sales of new policies. In addition, we are exposed to various risks arising from man-made disasters, including acts of terrorism, malicious acts and military action. All of these types of risks may

31 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

~~adversely~~Other ~~affect~~disruptive ~~our~~events, ~~results~~including, ofbut ~~operations~~not ~~and~~limited ~~financial~~to, ~~condition.~~natural ~~For~~disasters, ~~example~~terrorism, ~~the possible macroeconomic~~or ~~effects~~public ofhealth ~~such~~or ~~events~~pandemic ~~could~~crises ~~also~~(such ~~adversely~~as ~~affect~~the ~~our~~COVID-19 ~~investment~~pandemic ~~portfolio.~~from ~~Additionally~~late 2019-mid-2022), ~~the~~may ~~disruption~~adversely ofaffect our ~~normal~~ability to conduct business. ~~operations~~Such ~~due~~adverse toeffects ~~catastrophic~~may ~~property~~include ~~damage,~~the ~~loss~~inability of ~~life~~TIAA’s employees, or ~~disruption~~the employees of ~~public~~its affiliates and ~~private~~service ~~infrastructure~~providers, ~~including~~ ~~communications~~to ~~and~~perform ~~financial~~their ~~services,~~responsibilities ~~could~~as ~~have~~ a ~~negative~~result ~~effect~~of onany ussuch event. ~~While~~Any weresulting ~~have~~disruptions ato ~~business~~the Separate ~~continuation~~Account’s ~~and~~business ~~crisis~~operations ~~management~~can ~~plan,~~interfere ~~there~~with ~~is no assurance that~~ our ~~plan~~processing ~~and~~of ~~insurance~~contract ~~coverages~~transactions ~~would~~(including bethe ~~completely~~processing ~~effective~~of ~~in mitigating~~orders ~~any~~from ~~negative~~our ~~effects~~website), onimpact our ~~operations~~ability orto ~~profitability~~calculate inannuity ~~the~~unit ~~event~~values, ofor ~~such~~cause aother ~~disaster.~~operational issues.

Information Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to result in operational disruptions, as well as market volatility and general economic uncertainty. To address these disruptions we have bolstered business continuity plans so we can continue to ensure the ongoing provision of services to our customers, even as many of our employees and the employees of our service providers continue to work remotely or in a hybrid work environment. While these efforts have been successful to date, we continue to be subject to risks that could negatively impact our operations, including system failure, mail delivery delays, unavailability of critical personnel due to illness or other reasons related to the pandemic, and disruptions to service providers.

Significant market volatility and negative market returns have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. While we are confident in our ability to manage the financial risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent and duration of such risks cannot be predicted with certainty, and prolonged negative economic conditions could have a negative impact on our financial condition. It is possible these risks could impact our financial strength and claims-paying ability.

We may be exposed to risks in the future that we have not yet identified or that we do not currently consider to be material risks.

The preceding risks may not be the only risks facing us in the future. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results in the future.

Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.

There is no established public trading market for our common stock. All of our outstanding shares are owned by TIAA. As of ~~March~~February 2028, ~~2022~~ 2025, we had issued and outstanding 2,500 shares of common stock, $1,000 par value per share.

Insurers are subject to various state statutory and regulatory restrictions on the insurers’ ability to pay dividends. Under the New York Insurance Law, we are permitted without prior insurance regulatory clearance to pay a stockholder dividend as long as the aggregated amount of all such dividends in any calendar year does not exceed the lesser of (i) 10% of its surplus to policyholders as of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) its net gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar year (excluding realized investment gains).

GENERAL MATTERS

TELEPHONE AND INTERNET

To speak with a customer service representative to make requests related to your Contract or to obtain more information, you can call the Administrative Office toll-free at 877-694-0305.

You can also use the TIAA Web Center’s account access feature to check your Contract Accumulation. To use the Web Center’s account access feature, access the TIAA Internet home page at www.tiaa.org.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 32

CONTACTING TIAA LIFE

We will not consider any notice, form, request, or payment to have been received by us until it reaches our Administrative Office. We will not be deemed to have received any Premiums sent to the addresses designated in this prospectus for remitting Premiums until the third party service that administers the receipt of mail through those addresses has processed the payment on our behalf. You can ask questions by calling toll-free 877-694-0305.

ELECTRONIC PROSPECTUSES

If you received this prospectus electronically and would like a paper copy, please call toll-free at 877-694-0305, and we will send it to you.

DELAYS IN PAYMENTS

We have the right to defer withdrawals from the Short Term Holding Account for up to six months. If we defer such withdrawals for 10 or more Business Days, we will credit interest to such amounts at the rate we are currently crediting to the Short Term Holding Account, but not less than your Contract’s minimum guaranteed interest rate. If, at any time, applicable state law requires the crediting of a higher rate of interest, we will credit such higher rate.

HOUSEHOLDING

To cut costs and eliminate duplicate documents sent to your home, we may begin mailing only one copy of the prospectus, prospectus supplements, or any other required documents, to your household, even if more than one Contract owner lives there. If you would prefer to continue receiving your own copy of any of these documents, you may write us or call us toll-free at 877-694-0305.

SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS

For some transactions, we may require your signature to be notarized or guaranteed by a commercial bank or a member of a national securities exchange.

ERRORS OR OMISSIONS

We reserve the right to correct any errors or omissions on any form, report or statement that we send to you.

LOANS

Loans are not available under your Contract.

OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS

The Contract and the completed application are the entire contractual agreement between you and TIAA Life. We will issue the Contract in return for your completed application and the first Premium. Any endorsement to or amendment of the Contract or waiver of any of its provisions will be valid only if in writing and signed by an executive officer or a registrar of TIAA Life. All benefits are payable at our home office at 730 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017-3206 or at our Administrative Office.

ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTS

You may not assign the entire Contract. Subject to our prior approval of your written notice and request to us, you may assign the available Contract Accumulation (which is Contract Accumulation not already subject to an assignment). We assume no responsibility for the validity of any assignment of Contract Accumulation, nor will notice to us of any assignment be effective unless it is in writing and has been received in Good Order and approved by us. The rights of the Contract owners, Annuitant, any Second Annuitant, any Beneficiaries and any other person to receive benefits under your Contract will be subject to the terms of any assignment. You should consult a qualified tax adviser before making any assignment of your Contract. We reserve the right to restrict any such assignment of Contracts in our sole discretion on a non-discriminatory basis, except where any such restriction would be prohibited by state law. You may not assign annuity payments.

3335 ~~TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus~~

an assignment). We assume no responsibility for the validity of any assignment of Contract Accumulation, nor will notice to us of any assignment be effective unless it is in writing and has been received in Good Order and approved by us. The rights of the Contract owners, Annuitant, any Second Annuitant, any Beneficiaries and any other person to receive benefits under your Contract will be subject to the terms of any assignment. You should consult a qualified tax adviser before making any assignment of your Contract. We reserve the right to restrict any such assignment of Contracts in our sole discretion on a non-discriminatory basis, except where any such restriction would be prohibited by state law. You may not assign annuity payments.

PAYMENT TO AN ESTATE, GUARDIAN, TRUSTEE, ETC.

We reserve the right to pay in one sum the commuted value of any benefits due an estate, corporation, partnership, trustee or other entity that is not a natural person. TIAA Life will not be responsible for the conduct of any executor, trustee, guardian, or other third party to whom payment is made.

BENEFITS BASED ON INCORRECT INFORMATION

If the amounts of benefits provided under a Contract were based on information that is incorrect, benefits will be recalculated on the basis of the correct data. If any overpayments or underpayments have been made by us, appropriate adjustments will be made.

PROOF OF SURVIVAL

We reserve the right to require satisfactory proof that the Annuitant, Second Annuitant, or anyone named to receive benefits under a Contract is living on the date payment is due. If this proof is not received in Good Order after a request in writing, we will have the right to make reduced payments or to withhold payments entirely until such proof is received. If under a Two-Life Annuity we have overpaid benefits because we were not notified of a death, we will reduce or withhold subsequent payments until the amount of the overpayment has been recovered by us with appropriate adjustments.

PROTECTION AGAINST CLAIMS OF CREDITORS

The benefits and rights accruing to you or any other persons under the Contract are exempt from the claims of creditors or legal process to the fullest extent permitted by law.

PROCEDURES FOR ELECTIONS AND CHANGE

You have to make any changes or elections under the Contract in a form acceptable to us at our home office at 730 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017- 3206 or at our Administrative Office. If you send us a notice changing your Beneficiaries or other persons named to receive payments, it will take effect as of the date it was signed by you, even if you then die before the notice actually reaches us. Any other notice will take effect as of the date we receive it. If we take any action in good faith before we receive a valid notice, we will not be subject to liability even if our acts were contrary to what you told us in the notice. If a joint owner has been named and both owners are living, authorization from both owners is required for changes and transactions other than the allocation of Premiums.

REPORTS

At least once each year, we will send you a report showing your current Contract Accumulation, FTD Values, interest credited, surrender charges deducted and MVAs applied, if any, during the period covered by the report, and any other information required by law.

RELIANCE ON EXEMPTION FROM 1934 ACT REPORTING

We are relying on Rule 12h-7 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”), which provides an exemption from the reporting requirements of Sections 13 and 15(d) of the 1934 Act.

OTHER INFORMATION

Every state has some form of unclaimed property laws that impose varying legal and practical obligations on insurers and, indirectly, on Contract owners, Insureds, Beneficiaries and other payees of proceeds. Unclaimed property laws generally provide for escheatment to the state of unclaimed proceeds under various circumstances.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 34

Contract owners are urged to keep their own, as well as their Insureds’, Beneficiaries’ and other payees’, information up to date, including full names, postal and electronic media addresses, telephone numbers, dates of birth, and social security numbers. Such updates should be communicated in writing to TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company, Administrative Office, P.O. Box 724508, Atlanta, Georgia 31139, by calling us between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. ET, Monday-Friday, toll-free at 877 694-0305, or 24 hours a day via our website www.tiaa.org.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE CONTRACTS

We offer the Contracts to the public on a continuous basis. We anticipate continuing to offer the Contracts but reserve the right to discontinue the offering.

The Contracts are offered by TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC, (“TC Services”) a wholly- owned subsidiary of TIAA. TC Services is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer, and is a member of FINRA. TC Services may also enter into selling agreements with affiliated entities or with third parties to distribute the Contracts. TC Services may be considered the “principal underwriter” for interests in the Contract. Anyone distributing the Contracts must be a registered representative of TC Services or have entered into a selling agreement with TC Services. The main offices of TC Services are at 730 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017-3206. No commissions are paid in connection with the distribution of the Contracts, although we will reimburse TC Services from our General Account assets for all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by TC Services in connection with distributing the Contracts. (We will make the cost and expense reimbursements to TIAA, and TIAA will remit the cost and expense reimbursements to TC Services.) We intend to recoup the cost and expense reimbursements that we make to TC Services through a portion of the investment spread that we expect to earn between the investment of Premiums and the interest that we will credit to the Contracts.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There are no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business, to which we or any of our subsidiaries are a party or of which any of our properties are the subject.

EXPERTS

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company Statutory-Basis Financial Statements

The statutory-basis financial statements as of December 31, ~~2021~~2024 and ~~2020~~2023 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2021~~2024 included in this Registration Statement have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

~~Teachers~~37 ~~Insurance and Annuity Association of America Statutory-Basis Financial Statements~~

The statutory-basis financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021 included in this Registration Statement have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

35 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America Statutory-Basis Financial Statements

The statutory-basis financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 included in this Registration Statement have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

LEGAL MATTERS

~~Ken~~Aneal ~~Reitz~~Krishnamurthy, Esq., has provided advice on certain matters relating to the laws of New York regarding the Contracts and our issuance of the Contracts, and has provided advice on certain legal matters relating to the Contracts under the federal securities laws.

~~TIAA-CREF~~38 ~~Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 36~~

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the financial position and results of operations of TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company (referred to in this document as “TIAA Life”). It should be read in conjunction with the audited statutory-basis financial statements and related notes included herein and summary information and risk factors included elsewhere in this report.

Forward Looking Statements

This discussion reviews TIAA Life’s financial condition and results of operations, including liquidity and capital resources. Historical information is presented and discussed, and factors that may affect future financial performance are also identified and discussed, where appropriate. Certain statements included in this section may be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Forward-looking statements include statements about management’s expectations, beliefs, intentions, or strategies for the future, include the assumptions underlying these forward-looking statements, and are based on the current expectations, estimates, and projections made by management. Forward-looking statements include any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate, or imply future results, performance, or achievements instead of historical facts and may contain words like “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “budget,” “forecast,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “will,” “shall,” “may,” and other words, phrases, or expressions with similar meaning. While management believes the assumptions underlying any of its forward-looking statements to be reasonable, such information may be subject to risks and uncertainties which may be difficult to predict or may be beyond management’s control, and TIAA Life cannot give assurance that such statements will prove to be correct. Refer to “Summary Information and Risk Factors” included in TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company Business Overview of this report for more information about the risks that could affect TIAA Life’s future results. A copy of this report and TIAA Life’s registration statement, including exhibits, is available on the Internet site of the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

Given these risks and uncertainties, undue reliance should not be placed on management’s forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Additionally, management’s forward-looking statements represent management’s views only as of the date of this report, and management does not undertake any obligation to update, publicly or otherwise, any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, changed assumptions, future events, or otherwise.

Overview

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company ~~is a stock life insurance company that~~ commenced operations as a ~~legal~~stock ~~reserve~~ life insurance company under the insurance laws of the State of New York on December 18, 1996, under the former name, TIAA Life Insurance Company. It changed its name to TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company on May 1, 1998, and it currently operates under the marketing name of TIAA Life. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of TIAA. It is subject to regulation by the New York State Department of Financial Services, as well as by the insurance regulatory authorities of all the states, and certain other jurisdictions within which it is licensed. It is licensed to issue life insurance and annuity products in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

TIAA Life’s primary products include individual annuities and funding agreements. The individual annuities products are marketed directly to individuals while the funding agreements are issued directly to states in support of state sponsored 529 college savings and scholarship plans. TIAA Life’s individual products are available to the general public; however, it markets primarily to individuals who own retirement annuities or insurance policies issued by TIAA Life’s parent, TIAA. TIAA Life’s annuity products are also distributed through third party channels and registered investment advisors. TIAA Life stopped issuing individual life insurance policies effective December 31, 2019, except for a universal life policy option issued to existing term life policy owners exercising policy rights to convert their term coverage to an available permanent life policy.

~~TIAA~~39 Life’s life insurance products were formerly marketed directly to individuals and distributed through third party channels, including M Financial Group (“M Financial”) and registered investment advisors. TIAA Life will continue to maintain and service all in force life insurance policies.

TIAA Life also formerly issued separate account guaranteed interest contracts (“SAGIC contracts”). SAGIC contracts were unallocated, non-participating deposit type contracts designed as an investment vehicle offered to trustees and/or plan sponsors of stable value funds. In early 2020, TIAA Life’s last in force SAGIC contract was terminated when the contract’s last payout payment was made. TIAA is not currently marketing SAGIC contracts.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 37

insurance policies effective December 31, 2019, except for a universal life policy option issued to existing term life policy owners exercising policy rights to convert their term coverage to an available permanent life policy.

TIAA Life’s life insurance products were formerly marketed directly to individuals and distributed through third party channels, including M Financial Group (“M Financial”) and registered investment advisors. TIAA Life will continue to maintain and service all in force life insurance policies.

The majority of the services required for TIAA Life’s business operations are provided at cost by TIAA and certain of its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries pursuant to various service, administrative, and distribution agreements. Under these agreements, TIAA Life reimburses TIAA (and TIAA reimburses its applicable subsidiaries) for certain costs associated with providing these services. TIAA Life believes such services meet operational needs and minimizes the duplication of costs among TIAA and its subsidiaries. TIAA Life does not currently have any employees.

TIAA Life also pays TIAA for investment advisory services and other administrative services for TIAA Life’s general account (the “general account”) in accordance with an ~~Investment~~investment ~~Management~~management ~~Agreement~~agreement. Further, TIAA entered into ~~Investment~~investment ~~Management~~management ~~Agreements~~agreements with Teachers Advisors, LLC (“TAL”) and Nuveen Alternatives Advisors, LLC, each an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of TIAA, appointing such affiliated advisors with authority to manage investments held within the TIAA Life’s general account.

~~TAL previously provided investment advisory services and other administrative services to~~ TIAA-CREF ~~Life’s~~Individual ~~SAGIC~~& ~~contracts~~Institutional inServices, ~~accordance~~LLC ~~with~~(“Services”), ana ~~Investment~~subsidiary ~~Management~~of ~~Agreement. During 2020~~TIAA, ~~the~~is ~~last~~authorized ~~remaining~~to ~~SAGIC~~distribute ~~contract~~contracts ~~was terminated resulting in TAL no~~for ~~longer~~the ~~providing investment advisory and other administrative services to~~ separate accounts.

~~Nuveen~~TIAA-CREF ~~Securities,~~Tuition ~~LLC~~Financing, anInc. ~~indirect~~(“TFI”), ~~subsidiary~~a ~~of TIAA’s~~ wholly -owned subsidiary ~~Nuveen,~~of ~~LLC~~TIAA, ~~previously~~has ~~distributed~~a ~~registered~~service ~~securities~~agreement with ~~for certain proprietary funds and non-proprietary mutual funds for~~ TIAA Life’s ~~SAGIC~~to ~~contracts.~~act ~~TIAA-CREF Individual &~~as ~~Institutional~~the ~~Services,~~program ~~LLC~~manager ~~(“Services”),~~for acertain ~~subsidiary~~funding ofagreements ~~TIAA, is authorized to distribute contracts~~ for ~~the~~qualified ~~separate~~state ~~accounts~~tuition programs.

TIAA Life has a service agreement for certain funding agreements for qualified state tuition programs for which TIAA-CREF Tuition Financing, Inc. (“TFI”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of TIAA, is the program manager, are provided to TIAA Life by TFI pursuant to a service agreement between TIAA Life and TFI.

Business Segments

In ~~2021~~2024, TIAA Life provided financial services through the production, sale, distribution, and administration of individual annuities and funding agreements. Effective December 31, 2019, TIAA Life no longer manufactured new life insurance policies, but continued to service existing life insurance policies. ~~Additionally, the final SAGIC contract was terminated in 2020, and~~ TIAA Life ~~does not plan to offer this product going forward. TIAA Life~~ utilizes both its general account and separate accounts to record and account for assets and liabilities for particular lines of business and/or transactions. As of December 31, ~~2021~~2024, ~~the~~TIAA ~~Company~~Life reported separate account assets and liabilities for the following products: variable life, variable annuity, fixed annuity ~~and~~, and group life. TIAA Life’s separate accounts include the following:

• TIAA Life’s Separate Account VLI-1 (“VLI-1”) was established under New York law on May 23, 2001, for the purpose of issuing and funding flexible premium variable universal life insurance policies and is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“~~Commission~~SEC”) as a unit investment trust under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”).

• TIAA Life’s Separate Account VLI-2 (“VLI-2”) was established under New York law on February 15, 2012, for the purpose of issuing and funding group and individual variable life insurance policies and is registered with the ~~Commission~~SEC as a unit investment trust under the 1940 Act.

• TIAA Life’s Separate Account VA-1 (“VA-1”) was established under New York law on July 27, 1998, for the purpose of funding individual non-qualified variable annuities and is registered with the ~~Commission~~SEC as a unit investment trust under the 1940 Act.

• TIAA Life’s Separate Account MVA-1 (“MVA-1”) was established on July 23, 2008, as a non-unitized separate account that supports flexible premium deferred fixed annuity contracts subject to withdrawal charges and a market value adjustment feature.

~~TIAA~~40 Life operates its primary business segments, distinguished by broad product categories with each having a strategic focus. Premiums and deposits by segment for 2021, 2020 and 2019 are set forth in the following table (in thousands):

	For the years ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Segment
Individual Annuities	$	273,616	$	194,771	$	292,702
Life Insurance		161,697		174,643		334,391
Total premiums	$	435,313	$	369,414	$	627,093
Funding Agreements*		1,991,977		4,102,589		1,357,934
Total deposits received	$	1,991,977	$	4,102,589	$	1,357,934

38 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

TIAA Life operates its primary business segments, distinguished by broad product categories with each having a strategic focus.

Premiums and deposits by segment for 2024, 2023 and 2022 are set forth in the following table (in millions):


	For the years ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Segment
Individual Annuities	$	104	$	104	$	273,616
Life Insurance		102		113		161,697

Total premiums	$	206	$	217	$	435,313

Funding Agreements*		1,572		1,169		2,010

Total deposits received	$	1,572	$	1,169	$	2,010

*	The deposits received on funding agreements are recorded as liabilities and are not treated as premiums or as revenue under statutory accounting principles. These liabilities are included in Reserves for Life and Health, Annuities, and Deposit-type Contracts.

Individual Annuities: TIAA Life currently offers several non-qualified annuities including a deferred fixed annuity and a deferred variable annuity. These are distributed through captive agents appointed by TIAA Life. These agents are also registered representatives of TIAA Life’s affiliated broker-dealers. TIAA Life’s strategy is to offer these annuities to our participant base, and through fee-based advisors, third party channels, and other strategic relationships. ~~TIAA Life temporarily suspended sales of the Single Premium Immediate Annuity (“SPIA”) product for system enhancements and therefore had no premiums for the product in 2021.~~

TIAA Life currently offers the Investment Horizon Annuity (“IHA”) through MVA-1. The initial design offered guaranteed periods from 1 to 10 years and a guarantee of principal with a stated interest rate. The interest rate for each guaranteed period is set based on current interest rates. This design allows investors to use a “laddered” approach for fixed investing. Since August 2013, only durations of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 years have been available for investment ~~due to the continued low interest rate environment~~. In ~~2021~~2024, TIAA Life earned premiums of $~~116 thousand~~1 million on this product.

TIAA Life currently offers the Intelligent Variable Annuity (“IVA”) through VA-1. The investment options include both proprietary TIAA-CREF Life funds and non-proprietary funds. There is no fixed account or guaranteed living benefit option. In ~~2021~~2024, TIAA Life earned premiums of $~~247,306 thousand~~96 million on this product.

TIAA Life no longer offers new policies on the Personal Annuity Select (“PAS”) and the Lifetime Variable Select (“LVS”) products. However, TIAA Life continues to accept premiums on previously issued PAS and LVS policies. In ~~2021~~2024, TIAA Life earned premiums of $~~22,342 thousand~~4 million and $1~~,204 thousand~~ million on these products, respectively.

Life Insurance: Effective December 31, 2019, TIAA Life no longer manufactures or distributes life insurance. TIAA Life will continue to offer its universal life policy as a conversion option for term life policyholders whose term life contracts provide them the right to convert to a permanent life policy. In ~~2021~~2024, TIAA Life earned direct premiums of $~~161,697~~181 ~~thousand~~million ($102 million net of reinsurance) on life insurance products which were primarily from renewals of Term Life, Fixed Universal Life, and Variable Universal Life existing policies.

Funding Agreements: TIAA Life’s Funding Agreements segment focuses primarily on providing non-participating flexible premium funding agreements issued from the general account to support education-related investment and/or savings programs sponsored by various states. State sponsored 529 college savings plans (named after Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code) are tax-advantaged investment and savings programs designed to encourage account owners to save for the future higher education expenses of a designated beneficiary. Some states offer a guaranteed option to those investing in the state’s college savings plan. TIAA Life provides funding agreements to certain states to support their guaranteed option, which guarantees a return of account owners’ principal with interest. TIAA Life also makes available a funding agreement to any state that provides a state scholarship program for those seeking higher education.

~~TIAA~~41 Life currently has funding agreements with California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Oregon, Vermont, and Wisconsin, each of which have current state 529 college savings plans. During 2021, TIAA Life entered into a funding agreement with a Colorado state sponsored 529 college savings plan. The funding agreement was funded with $65 million of cash and assets transferred in-kind of $784 million associated with bonds supporting the college savings plan’s previous funding agreement. The in-kind investments were recorded as bonds with an offsetting increase to reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts, and no gain was recognized on the transfer.

beneficiary. Some states offer a guaranteed option to those investing in the state’s college savings plan. TIAA Life provides funding agreements to certain states to support their guaranteed option, which guarantees a return of account owners’ principal with interest. TIAA Life also makes available a funding agreement to any state that provides a state scholarship program for those seeking higher education.

TIAA Life currently has funding agreements with California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Vermont, Illinois (new in 2024), and Wisconsin, each of which have current state 529 college savings plans. Additionally, TIAA Life has a funding agreement with a California State sponsored 529 college savings plan under California Kids Investment and Development Savings Program (“CalKids”).

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

TIAA Life’s financial position and earnings are indirectly subject to various market risks, including changes in interest rates, changes in the yield curve, changes in spreads between risk-adjusted and risk-free interest rates, and equity price risks. These market risks may impact prospective earnings on future investments, which may, in turn, affect the interest that will be prospectively credited on the general account products. TIAA Life is primarily exposed to market risk through investment and insurance activities; however, the majority of investments are carried at amortized cost and not at fair value. Because investment balances do not generally reflect current fair values, the market risk factors discussed below do not generally have a significant direct impact on the financial position or results of operations unless investment positions are determined to have other than temporary impairments (“OTTI”).

At December 31, 2024, $13,683 million, or 98%, of the general account’s invested assets was invested in bonds. TIAA Life’s bond portfolio consists primarily of high quality publicly-~~CREF~~traded ~~Investment~~corporate ~~Horizon~~debt ~~Annuity~~securities ~~Prospectus~~and 39government securities to maintain and manage liquidity and to minimize the risk of credit default in the portfolio. TIAA Life also makes modest investments in private placement bonds to increase portfolio diversification and to obtain higher yields than can be earned by investing in comparable quality, publicly-traded securities. While these private placement securities tend to be less liquid than publicly-traded securities, they offer relatively higher yields, broader access to management information, stronger protective covenants, call protection features, and a higher level of collateralization than can customarily be achieved in the public market. Collectively, these benefits outweigh the liquidity concerns, especially in an asset-liability management (“ALM”) construct where liabilities are less liquid and overall portfolio liquidity is managed appropriately.

~~Table~~In addition to market rate and interest rate risk, mortgage-backed securities, which are included in bonds in TIAA Life’s portfolio, are subject to prepayment risk or extension risk (i.e., the risk that borrowers will repay the loans earlier or later than anticipated). Note that the potential for appreciation, which could otherwise be expected to result from a decline in interest rates, may be limited by any increased prepayments. If the underlying mortgage assets are repaid later than anticipated, TIAA Life could lose the opportunity to reinvest the anticipated cash flows at a time when interest rates might be rising. The rate of ~~Contents~~prepayment depends on a variety of geographic, social, and other functions, including prevailing market interest rates and general economic factors. The fair value of these securities is also highly sensitive to changes in interest rates. These securities may also be harder to sell than other securities.

At December 31, 2021, $12,437,853 thousand, or 98%, of the general account’s invested assets was invested in bonds. TIAA Life’s bond portfolio consists primarily of high quality publicly-traded corporate debt securities and government securities to maintain and manage liquidity and to minimize the risk of credit default in the portfolio. TIAA Life also makes modest investments in private placement bonds to increase portfolio diversification and to obtain higher yields than can be earned by investing in comparable quality, publicly-traded securities. While these private placement securities tend to be less liquid than publicly-traded securities, they offer relatively higher yields, broader access to management information, stronger protective covenants, call protection features, and a higher level of collateralization than can customarily be achieved in the public market. Collectively, these benefits outweigh the liquidity concerns, especially in a portfolio where liquidity is managed appropriately.

In addition to market rate and interest rate risk, mortgage-backed securities, which are included in bonds in TIAA Life’s portfolio, are subject to prepayment risk or extension risk (i.e., the risk that borrowers will repay the loans earlier or later than anticipated). Included in these mortgage-backed securities are some interest-only securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience faster than anticipated repayments of principal, TIAA Life could fail to recoup some or all of the initial investment in these securities, since the original price paid was based in part on assumptions regarding the receipt of interest payments. Note that the potential for appreciation, which could otherwise be expected to result from a decline in interest rates, may be limited by any increased prepayments. If the underlying mortgage assets are repaid later than anticipated, TIAA Life could lose the opportunity to reinvest the anticipated cash flows at a time when interest rates might be rising. The rate of prepayment depends on a variety of geographic, social, and other functions, including prevailing market interest rates and general economic factors. The fair value of these securities is also highly sensitive to changes in interest rates. These securities may also be harder to sell than other securities.

The selection and management of the general account investment portfolio reflect the asset/liability analysis TIAA Life performs for the various business segments and the specific products that are issued. TIAA Life’s investment objective is to earn attractive rates of return within reasonable risk parameters while maintaining a prudently diversified portfolio. As a result of the kinds of investments TIAA Life makes, the investment portfolio is primarily exposed to credit risk and interest rate risk. To manage risks, TIAA Life’s Board of Directors establishes investment limits and guidelines in constructing the investment portfolio; some of these limits identify maximum investment amounts by individual investment and by issuer, based on the credit quality of the issuers. TIAA Life also utilizes a risk management department that is independent of the investment management function to monitor the risk exposures represented in the investment portfolio.

~~TIAA~~42 Life performs a discreet analysis to screen every security that may require impairment from book value. The cost basis of securities are adjusted for impairment in value deemed OTTI, with the associated realized loss reported in net income. The final determination of whether an impairment is appropriate is based on the following criteria: (i) whether it is expected the insurer will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms in effect at the date of acquisition, or for certain loan-backed and structured securities, based on a discounted cash flow analysis, and (ii) whether TIAA Life has the ability and intent to hold the security for a length of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of the security’s value.

TIAA Life analyzes and manages the risks arising from market exposures of financial instruments, as well as other risks, through an integrated asset/liability management (“ALM”) process. The ALM process involves the monitoring of asset and liability interest rate sensitivities for various product lines; cash flow testing under various interest rate scenarios; and the rebalancing of assets and liabilities with respect to yield, risk, and cash flow characteristics.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2021, Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020

The following table sets forth TIAA Life’s statutory-basis statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to year ended December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

40 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

	For the Years Ended December 31,
							Increase/(decrease)
	2021			2020			$			%
REVENUES
Insurance and annuity premiums and other considerations	$	435,313		$	369,414		$	65,899			18	%
Net investment income		362,614			353,764			8,850			3	%
Commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded		9,732			10,615			(883	)		(8	)%
Reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded		(7,468	)		(8,867	)		1,399			(16	)%
Separate account fees and other revenues		22,141			18,691			3,450			18	%
TOTAL REVENUES	$	822,332		$	743,617		$	78,715			11	%
EXPENSES
Policy and contract benefits	$	398,599		$	356,581		$	42,018			12	%
Increase/(decrease) in policy and contract reserves		46,123			(186,639	)		232,762			(125	)%
Insurance expenses and taxes (excluding federal income taxes)		71,026			73,322			(2,296	)		(3	)%
Commissions on premiums		5,649			7,531			(1,882	)		(25	)%
Interest on deposit-type contracts		90,088			113,162			(23,074	)		(20	)%
Net transfers to separate accounts		58,877			44,786			14,091			31	%
TOTAL EXPENSES	$	670,362		$	408,743		$	261,619			64	%
Income (loss) before federal income tax and net realized capital gains (losses)	$	151,970		$	334,874		$	(182,904	)		(55	)%
Federal income tax expense		29,067			18,634			10,433			56	%
Net realized capital gains (losses) less capital gains taxes, after transfers to the interest maintenance reserve		(1,093	)		(4,721	)		3,628			77	%
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	121,810		$	311,519		$	(189,709	)		(61	)%

TIAA Life performs a discreet analysis to screen every security that may require impairment from book value. If an impairment is deemed OTTI, the cost basis of the security is adjusted for the impairment in value with the associated realized loss reported in net income. The final determination of whether an impairment is appropriate is based on the following criteria: (i) whether it is expected the insurer will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms in effect at the date of acquisition, or for certain loan-backed and structured securities, based on a discounted cash flow analysis, and (ii) whether TIAA Life has the ability and intent to hold the security for a length of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of the security’s value.

TIAA Life analyzes and manages the risks arising from market exposures of financial instruments, as well as other risks, through an ALM process. The ALM process involves the monitoring of asset and liability interest rate sensitivities for various product lines; cash flow testing under various interest rate scenarios; and the rebalancing of assets and liabilities with respect to yield, risk, and cash flow characteristics.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2024, Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023

The following table sets forth TIAA Life’s statutory-basis statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions):


	For the Years Ended December 31,
							Increase/(decrease)
	2024			2023			$			%
REVENUES
Insurance and annuity premiums and other considerations	$	206		$	217		$	(11	)		(5)	%
Net investment income		456			436			20			5	%
Commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded		6			6			—			—	%
Reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded		(5	)		(27	)		22			(81)	%
Separate account fees and other revenues		22			20			2			10	%

TOTAL REVENUES	$	685		$	652		$	33			5	%

EXPENSES
Policy and contract benefits	$	613		$	562		$	51			9	%
Increase/(decrease) in policy and contract reserves		(122	)		(165	)		43			(26)	%
Insurance expenses and taxes (excluding federal income taxes)		72			78			(6	)		(8	)%
Commissions on premiums		4			3			1			33	%
Interest on deposit-type contracts		268			232			36			16	%
Net transfers to/(from) separate accounts		(224	)		(133	)		(91	)		68	%

TOTAL EXPENSES	$	611		$	577		$	34			6	%

Income (loss) before federal income tax and net realized capital gains (losses)	$	74		$	75		$	(1	)		(1)	%
Federal income tax expense		13			14			(1	)		(7)	%
Net realized capital gains (losses) less capital gains taxes, after transfers to the interest maintenance reserve		1						1			157	%

NET INCOME	$	62		$	61		$	1			2	%

Insurance and Annuity Premiums and Other Considerations

Insurance and annuity premiums and other considerations ~~increased~~decreased $~~65,899 thousand~~11 million to $~~435,313 thousand~~206 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2024. The ~~Higher~~decrease ~~annuity~~was ~~product premiums of $77,941 thousand~~ primarily driven by ~~intelligent~~lower ~~variable~~renewal ~~annuity~~premiums ~~(“IVA”)~~on ~~which~~life ~~saw~~insurance anproducts ~~increase~~ in ~~new~~runoff ~~sales~~of in$11 ~~2021~~million ~~driven~~spread byacross ~~higher~~Traditional ~~demand~~Term ~~attributed~~Life, toFixed ~~market~~Universal ~~performance~~Life and ~~lower~~Variable ~~volatility compared~~Universal toLife ~~2020 and an increase in sales and distribution resources in 2021~~products, partially offset by ~~lower~~higher ~~life~~annuity ~~insurance~~ premiums of ~~driven~~$2 bymillion nowithin ~~longer~~IVA. ~~offering retail life insurance in 2020 and decline in renewal premiums~~

~~Net~~43 ~~Investment Income~~

Net investment income includes gross earnings on investments, investment expenses, and amortization of capital gains and losses from the interest maintenance reserve (“IMR”). The increase of $8,850 thousand was primarily driven by an increase in income from bonds of $7,651 thousand attributed to higher average bond balances driven by significant GFA inflows throughout 2021 primarily from rebalancing activity and funding of the new Colorado 529 Plan.

The individual components of net investment income are presented in the table below (in thousands):

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 41

	Years Ended December 31,
							Increase/(decrease)
	2021			2020			$			%
Bonds	$	368,507		$	360,856		$	7,651			2	%
Other long-term investments		338			339			(1	)		—	%
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		26			416			(390	)		(94	)%
Contract loans		2,017			1,921			96			5	%
Total gross investment income	$	371,068		$	363,532		$	7,536			2	%
Investment expenses	$	(13,297	)	$	(12,287	)	$	(1,010	)		8	%
Net investment income before amortization/(accretion) of IMR	$	357,771		$	351,245		$	6,526			2	%
Amortization/(accretion) of IMR		4,843			2,519			2,324			92	%
Net investment income	$	362,614		$	353,764		$	8,850			3	%

Net Investment Income

~~Policy~~Net investment income includes gross earnings on investments, investment expenses, and ~~Contract~~amortization ~~Benefits~~of capital gains and losses from the interest maintenance reserve (“IMR”). The increase of $20 million was primarily driven by higher income from bonds of $20 million due to increased holdings in higher yield bonds.

The ~~increase~~individual incomponents ~~policy and contract benefits~~ of ~~$42,018 thousand~~net toinvestment ~~$398,599 thousand~~income ~~was~~are ~~driven~~presented byin ~~higher~~the ~~annuity~~table ~~benefits~~below ~~of $33,471 thousand primarily due to an increase~~ (in ~~IVA~~millions): ~~and fixed personal annuities and higher death benefits of $5,139 thousand.~~


	Years Ended December 31,
							Increase/(decrease)
	2024			2023			$			%
Bonds	$	459		$	439		$	20			5	%
Preferred stocks		—			—			—			—	%
Other invested assets		—			—			—			—	%
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		5			3			2			67	%
Contract loans		3			3			—			—	%

Total gross investment income	$	467		$	445		$	22			5	%
Investment expenses	$	(11	)	$	(12	)	$	1			(8)	%

Net investment income before amortization/(accretion) of IMR	$	456		$	433		$	23			5	%
Amortization/(accretion) of IMR		—			3			(3	)		(100)	%

Net investment income	$	456		$	436		$	20			5	%

Reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded

Decrease in the negative reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded for 2024 of $22 million was primarily driven by lower surrenders ceded on M Financial life insurance products.

Policy and contract benefits

Increase in policy and contract benefits for 2024 of $51 million was primarily driven by higher surrenders and benefits on individual annuities and higher transfers to deposit-type contracts, partially offset by lower surrenders and death benefits on life insurance products.

Increase/(decrease) in Policy and Contract Reserves

~~The~~Decrease ~~increase~~ in policy and contract reserves for ~~2021~~2024 of $~~46,123 thousand~~122 inmillion ~~2021~~was ~~compared~~$43 tomillion alower the decrease ~~of $186,639 thousand~~ in ~~2020~~policy ~~was~~and ~~primarily~~contract ~~driven~~reserves byfor ~~the absence~~ 2023 of ~~the release of~~ $~~225~~165 million,~~000 thousand~~ inwhich ~~cash~~was ~~flow~~driven ~~testing~~by ~~(“CFT”) reserves in 2020 and~~ a lower decrease in ~~annuity~~life reserves primarily ~~driven~~due byto ~~higher~~lower ~~premiums~~surrenders ~~mostly within~~and ~~IVA~~lower net transfers to separate accounts, partially offset by ~~higher~~lower ~~benefits~~premiums, ~~surrenders~~as ~~and~~well ~~net~~as ~~transfers~~a lower decrease in individual annuities due to higher transfers from separate accounts, partially offset by higher surrenders.

Insurance expenses & taxes (excluding federal income taxes)

Decrease in insurance expenses & taxes (excluding federal income taxes) for 2024 of $6 million was primarily driven by lower salaries and wages and various other smaller items.

Interest on Deposit-type Contracts

The ~~decrease~~increase in interest on deposit-type contracts of $~~23,074 thousand~~36 million to $~~90,088 thousand~~268 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2024 was primarily driven by increased ~~resetting~~guaranteed ~~529 Plan~~ crediting rates ~~lower,~~on ~~partially~~GFAs ~~offset~~as bycontracts ~~higher~~reset ~~GFA~~annually ~~balances~~and ~~due~~are tied to ~~growth~~market ininterest ~~the~~rates, ~~portfolio~~which increased during 2024, ~~including~~as ~~the~~well ~~new~~as ~~Colorado~~higher ~~529~~GFA ~~Plan~~balances.

~~Net~~44 ~~Transfers to Separate Accounts~~

Net transfers to separate accounts increased $14,091 thousand to $58,877 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to higher net deposits into VA-1, partially offset by lower net deposits in VLI-1.

Federal Income Tax (“FIT”) Expense

FIT expenses increase of $10,433 thousand to $29,067 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily driven by higher net operating income before FIT & net realized capital losses of $42,096 thousand excluding the impact from the release of CFT reserves in 2020 that are not deductible for tax purposes.

42 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

~~Year~~Net ~~Ended~~Transfers ~~December 31, 2020, Compared~~ to/(from) ~~Year~~Separate ~~Ended~~Accounts ~~December 31, 2019~~

~~The~~Net ~~following~~transfers ~~table~~from ~~sets~~separate ~~forth~~accounts ~~TIAA~~were ~~Life’s~~$224 ~~statutory-basis~~million ~~statements of operations~~ for the year ended December 31, ~~2020, compared~~2024 towhich ~~year~~increased ~~ended~~$91 ~~December 31,~~million ~~2019~~primarily driven ~~(in~~by ~~thousands):~~higher net withdrawals from VA-1.

	For the Years Ended December 31,
							Increase/(decrease)
	2020			2019			$			%
REVENUES
Insurance and annuity premiums and other considerations	$	369,414		$	627,093		$	(257,679	)		(41	)%
Net investment income		353,764			306,108			47,656			16	%
Commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded		10,615			15,729			(5,114	)		(33	)%
Reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded		(8,867	)		6,029			(14,896	)		(247	)%
Separate account fees and other revenues		18,691			24,455			(5,764	)		(24	)%
TOTAL REVENUES	$	743,617		$	979,414		$	(235,797	)		(24	)%
EXPENSES
Policy and contract benefits	$	356,581		$	382,263		$	(25,682	)		(7	)%
Increase in policy and contract reserves		(186,639	)		400,597			(587,236	)		(147	)%
Insurance expenses and taxes (excluding federal income taxes)		73,322			148,245			(74,923	)		(51	)%
Commissions on premiums		7,531			18,919			(11,388	)		(60	)%
Interest on deposit-type contracts		113,162			83,936			29,226			35	%
Net transfers to separate accounts		44,786			140,213			(95,427	)		(68	)%
TOTAL EXPENSES	$	408,743		$	1,174,173		$	(765,430	)		(65	)%
Income (loss) before federal income tax and net realized capital gains (losses)	$	334,874		$	(194,759	)	$	529,633			(272	)%
Federal income tax expense		18,634			3,653			14,981			410	%
Net realized capital gains (losses) less capital gains taxes, after transfers to the interest maintenance reserve		(4,721	)		(9,371	)		4,650			50	%
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	311,519		$	(207,783	)	$	519,302			(250	)%

Year Ended December 31, 2023, Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022

The following table sets forth TIAA Life’s statutory-basis statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions):


	For the Years Ended December 31,
							Increase/(decrease)
	2023			2022			$			%
REVENUES
Insurance and annuity premiums and other considerations	$	217		$	258		$	(41	)		(16)	%
Net investment income		436			405			31			8	%
Commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded		6			7			(1	)		(14)	%
Reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded		(27	)		(11	)		(16	)		145	%
Separate account fees and other revenues		19			21			(2	)		(10)	%

TOTAL REVENUES	$	651		$	680		$	(29	)		(4)	%

EXPENSES
Policy and contract benefits	$	562		$	394		$	168			43	%
Increase in policy and contract reserves		(165	)		3			(168	)		(5600)	%
Insurance expenses and taxes (excluding federal income taxes)		78			74			4			5	%
Commissions on premiums		2			4			(2	)		(50)	%
Interest on deposit-type contracts		232			99			133			134	%
Net transfers (from)/to separate accounts		(133	)		(77	)		(56	)		73	%

TOTAL EXPENSES	$	576		$	497		$	79			16	%

Income (loss) before federal income tax and net realized capital gains (losses)	$	75		$	183		$	(108	)		(59)	%
Federal income tax expense		14			35			(21	)		(60)	%
Net realized capital gains (losses) less capital gains taxes, after transfers to the interest maintenance reserve		1			(1	)		1			100	%

NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	61		$	147		$	(86	)		(59)	%

Insurance and Annuity Premiums and Other Considerations

Insurance and annuity premiums and other considerations decreased $~~257,679 thousand~~41 million to $~~369,414 thousand~~217 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2020~~2023. ~~The~~ The decrease was primarily driven by lower life insurance premiums, ~~driven~~of by$24 million from continued runoff impacts on renewal premiums from no longer offering ~~retail~~ life insurance ~~in 2020,~~ and lower annuity product premiums ~~(primarily~~of ~~within~~$20 ~~the~~million ~~IVA~~attributed ~~product)~~to ~~largely~~lower ~~due~~new topremiums ~~COVID-19,~~from ~~which~~a ~~resulted~~smaller insales ~~volatile~~force ~~markets,~~and a ~~decline~~decrease in ~~participant~~market ~~interest~~demand, inwhich ~~the~~is ~~variable~~also ~~product~~driving ~~and~~declines ~~reduced~~in ~~resources~~renewal ~~allocated~~premiums, toand ~~selling~~continued runoff on the PAS product.

Net Investment Income

Net investment income includes gross earnings on investments, investment expenses, and amortization of capital gains and losses from the interest maintenance reserve (“IMR”). The ~~$47,656 thousand~~ increase inof ~~net~~$31 ~~investment~~million ~~income~~ was primarily driven by ~~growth~~ an increase in ~~the~~income ~~bond~~from ~~portfolio~~bonds ~~largely~~of ~~due~~$32 million attributed to ~~guaranteed~~higher ~~funding~~new ~~agreements~~money ~~(“GFA”)~~rates ~~net~~and higher average bond balances, which was primarily driven by GFA inflows ~~throughout~~in ~~2020~~2022 from ~~rebalancing~~Calkids ~~activity~~529 Plan.

~~TIAA-CREF~~45 ~~Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 43~~

The individual components of net investment income are presented in the table below (in ~~thousands~~ millions).

	Years Ended December 31,
							Increase/(decrease)
	2020			2019			$			%
	2023			2022			$			%
Bonds	$	~~360,856~~439		$	~~313,669~~407		$	~~47,187~~32			158	%
Other long-term investments		339			340			(1	)		—	%
Preferred stocks		—			—
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		416			1,167			(751	)		(64	)%
Other invested assets		—			—			—			—	%
Contract loans		1,921			1,700			221			13	%
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		3			1			2			200	%
Total gross investment income	$	363,532		$	316,876			46,656			15	%
Contract loans		3			2		$	1			50	%
Investment expenses	($	12,287	)	($	12,069	)		(218	)		2	%
Total gross investment income	$	445		$	410		$	35			9	%
Net investment income before amortization of IMR		351,245			304,807			46,438			15	%
Investment expenses	$	(12	)	$	(12	)	$	—			—	%
Amortization of IMR		2,519			1,301			1,218			94	%
Net investment income before amortization of IMR	$	433		$	398		$	35			9	%
Net investment income	$	353,764		$	306,108		$	47,656			16	%
Amortization of IMR		3			6			(3	)		(50)	%
Net investment income	$	436		$	404		$	32			8	%

~~Commissions~~Reserve ~~and~~adjustments ~~Expense Allowances~~ on ~~Reinsurance~~reinsurance ~~Ceded~~ceded

~~The~~Increase ~~decrease~~ in ~~commissions~~the ~~and~~negative ~~expense~~reserve ~~allowances~~adjustments on reinsurance ceded offor ~~$5,114 thousand~~2023 toof $~~10,615 thousand~~16 ~~for~~million ~~the~~was ~~year~~primarily ~~ended~~driven ~~December 31, 2020~~by ~~was~~higher ~~driven~~surrenders byattributed to nothe ~~longer~~continued ~~offering~~runoff ~~and~~of ~~manufacturing~~M Financial life insurance ~~in 2020~~products..

~~Reserve~~Policy ~~Adjustments~~and oncontract ~~Reinsurance~~benefits ~~Ceded~~

~~The~~Increase ~~reserve~~in ~~adjustment~~policy onand ~~reinsurance~~contract ~~ceded~~benefits ~~relates~~for to2023 ~~the~~of ~~modified~~$168 ~~coinsurance~~million ~~(“MODCO”)~~was ~~with~~primarily Mdriven ~~Life~~by ~~and~~an ~~represents~~increase ~~the~~in ~~change~~surrenders in ~~the~~both ~~statutory~~life insurance of ~~reserves~~$65 ~~and~~million, ~~the~~mostly ~~related~~within ~~interest~~retail ~~credited~~and onM ~~the~~Financial ~~portion~~fixed ofuniversal ~~the~~life ~~policies~~products, ~~reinsured.~~and ~~The~~individual ~~reserve~~annuities ~~change~~of ~~generally~~$67 ~~moves~~million mostly in ~~tandem~~PAS ~~with~~and ~~premiums.~~IVA ~~The~~as ~~decrease~~well inas ~~the~~higher ~~reserve~~transfers ~~adjustment~~to ofdeposit ~~$14,896 thousand~~type ~~was~~contracts ~~primarily~~of ~~driven~~$15 bymillion ~~decreased reserves~~and ~~from~~ higher ~~surrenders~~death ~~and~~benefits ~~lower~~of ~~premiums ceded~~$12 million.

Separate account fees and other revenues

The decrease in separate account fees and other revenues of $5,764 thousand to $18,691 thousand was primarily driven by the absence of the investment management and administrative fees on SAGIC due to the product discontinuance in 2019.

Policy and Contract Benefits

The decrease in policy and contract benefits of $25,682 thousand to $356,581 thousand was driven by lower annuity benefits primarily due to a decrease in fixed personal annuities and lower surrenders primarily within personal fixed annuities and IHA, partially offset by higher life insurance surrenders, primarily in fixed universal and M Life products.

Increase/(decrease) in Policy and Contract Reserves

~~The~~Decrease ~~decrease~~ in policy and contract reserves for ~~2020~~2023 of $~~186,639 thousand~~165 ~~was~~million ~~$587,236 thousand~~compared ~~lower~~to ~~than~~an ~~the $400,597 thousand~~ increase in ~~2019,~~ ~~primarily~~policy ~~due~~and tocontract ~~a decrease in~~ reserves for ~~life~~2022 ~~insurance products~~ of $~~619,203 thousand~~3 million ~~from~~was ~~the~~driven ~~release~~by ofdecreases ~~$225,000 thousand~~ in ~~cash~~life ~~flow~~insurance ~~testing~~of ~~(“CFT”)~~$97 ~~reserves~~million inand ~~2020~~annuities ~~compared to an increase in CFT reserves~~ of $~~225,000 thousand~~72 ~~which~~million ~~were~~primarily ~~recorded in 2019,~~ driven by ~~improvements~~higher insurrenders ~~the mortality assumptions supported by TC Life’s favorable mortality experience, growth in the GFA business due to its low crediting rate guarantees,~~ and ~~continued expense reduction,~~ lower premiums, ~~higher surrenders,~~ partially offset by ~~lower~~higher ~~benefits. This decrease was partially offset by a lower decrease in annuity reserves of 32,169 thousand primarily due to the absence of a $16,300 thousand release of AG43 reserves in 2019, lower~~ net transfers tofrom separate accounts~~, and lower surrenders and benefits, partially offset by lower premiums~~.

Insurance expenses and taxes (excluding federal income taxes)

The decrease in insurance expense and taxes (excluding federal income taxes) of $74,923 thousand to $73,322 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily driven by lower salaries, wages and benefits of $43,055 thousand primarily due to absence of the restructuring related costs incurred in 2019 and lower headcount from the strategic change in 2019 to no longer manufacture life insurance, lower EDP and software depreciation, lower consultant fees, and other lower expenses associated with the COVID-19 pandemic due to remote environment and management initiatives.

44 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

Commissions on Premiums

Commissions on premiums represent agents’ compensation on direct policies issued under the joint venture with M Financial. The decrease in commissions on premiums of $11,388 thousand to $7,531 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily driven by lower premiums in the M Financial business due to no longer manufacturing life insurance in 2020.

Interest on Deposit-type Contracts

The increase in interest on deposit-type contracts of $~~29,226 thousand~~133 million to $~~113,162 thousand~~232 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2020~~2023 was ~~driven~~primarily driven by ~~higher~~increased ~~GFA~~guaranteed ~~balances~~crediting ~~due~~rates toon ~~growth~~GFAs inas ~~the~~contracts ~~portfolio~~reset inannually ~~2020~~and ~~from~~are ~~rebalancing~~tied ~~activity~~to market interest rates, which increased during 2023.

Net Transfers to/(from) Separate Accounts

Net transfers to ~~the~~from separate accounts ~~decreased~~were $~~95,427 thousand~~133 tomillion ~~$44,786 thousand~~ for the year ended December 31, ~~2020~~2023 aswhich aincreased ~~result~~$56 ofmillion ~~lower~~driven ~~participant~~by ~~net deposits in~~ VA-1, that ~~VLI-1~~had ~~and~~$141 ~~VLI-2,~~million ~~partially~~net ~~offset~~withdrawals byin ~~lower~~2023 vs $97 million net withdrawals ~~from~~in ~~IHA~~2022 due to lower premiums and higher surrenders.

Federal Income Tax (“FIT”) Expense

FIT expenses ~~increase~~ decrease of $~~14,981 thousand~~21 million to $~~18,634 thousand~~14 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2020~~2023 was primarily driven by ~~higher~~lower net operating income before FIT ~~& net realized capital losses of $79,632 thousand, excluding the impact from release of CFT reserves that are not deductible for tax purposes~~.

~~Net~~46 ~~Realized Capital Gains (Losses)~~

NetTable realized capital losses decrease of $4,650 thousand, primarily driven by lower OTTI in 2020 compared to 2019, partially offset by higher realized losses on sales. Contents

Financial Condition

The following table sets forth TIAA Life’s statutory-basis statements of admitted assets, liabilities, and capital and surplus:

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 45


	December 31,				Increase/(decrease)
(in thousands)	2024		2023		$			%
ADMITTED ASSETS
Bonds	$	13,683	$	13,137	$	546			4	%
Preferred stocks		13		10		3			30	%
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		129		264		(135	)		(51)	%
Contract loans		70		62		8			13	%
Other invested assets		5		11		(6	)		(55)	%

Total cash and invested assets		13,900		13,484		416			3	%
Investment income due and accrued		110		104		6			6	%
Federal income tax recoverable from TIAA		1		8		(7	)		100	%
Net deferred federal income tax asset		12		13		(1	)		(8)	%
Reinsurance amounts receivable		3		8		(5	)		(63)	%
Other assets		23		27		(4	)		(15)	%
Separate account assets		4,789		4,466		323			7	%

TOTAL ADMITTED ASSETS	$	18,838	$	18,110	$	728			4	%

LIABILITIES
Reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts	$	13,048	$	12,672	$	376			3	%
Asset valuation reserve		104		90		14			16	%
Interest maintenance reserve		18		16		2			13	%
Federal income tax payable to TIAA		—		—		—			—	%
Other amounts payable on reinsurance		7		10		(3	)		(30)	%
Other liabilities		61		37		24			65	%
Separate account liabilities		4,775		4,453		322			7	%

TOTAL LIABILITIES	$	18,013	$	17,278	$	735			4	%

CAPITAL & SURPLUS
Capital stock (2,500 shares of $1,000 par value common stock issued and outstanding)	$	3	$	3	$	—			—	%
Additional paid-in capital		778		778		—			—	%
Surplus (deficit)		44		51		(7	)		14	%

TOTAL CAPITAL AND SURPLUS	$	825	$	832	$	(7	)		(1)	%

TOTAL LIABILITIES, CAPITAL AND SURPLUS	$	18,838	$	18,110	$	728			4	%

	December 31,				Increase/(decrease)
(in thousands)	2021		2020		$			%
ADMITTED ASSETS
Bonds	$	12,437,853	$	11,168,305	$	1,269,548			11	%
Preferred stocks		10,022		183		9,839			5,377	%
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		165,900		282,344		(116,444	)		(41	)%
Contract loans		44,839		43,089		1,750			4	%
Other invested assets		10,552		4,810		5,742			119	%
Investment income due and accrued		90,401		90,841		(440	)		—	%
Net deferred federal income tax asset		17,414		17,788		(374	)		(2	)%
Reinsurance amounts receivable		13,498		4,531		8,967			198	%
Other assets		29,087		42,329		(13,242	)		(31	)%
Separate account assets		4,806,546		4,106,499		700,047			17	%
TOTAL ADMITTED ASSETS	$	17,626,112	$	15,760,719	$	1,865,393			12	%
LIABILITIES
Reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts	$	11,833,612	$	10,723,935	$	1,109,677			10	%
Asset valuation reserve		64,958		56,002		8,956			16	%
Interest maintenance reserve		39,155		32,341		6,814			21	%
Federal income tax payable to TIAA		5,990		6,703		(713	)		(11	)%
Other amounts payable on reinsurance		8,603		9,226		(623	)		(7	)%
Other liabilities		37,015		18,686		18,329			98	%
Separate account liabilities		4,795,122		4,095,043		700,079			17	%
TOTAL LIABILITIES	$	16,784,455	$	14,941,936	$	1,842,519			12	%
CAPITAL & SURPLUS
Capital stock (2,500 shares of $1,000 par value common stock issued and outstanding)	$	2,500	$	2,500	$	—			—	%
Additional paid-in capital		777,500		777,500		—			—	%
Surplus (deficit)		61,657		38,783		22,874			(59	)%
TOTAL CAPITAL AND SURPLUS	$	841,657	$	818,783	$	22,874			3	%
TOTAL LIABILITIES, CAPITAL AND SURPLUS	$	17,626,112	$	15,760,719	$	1,865,393			12	%

46 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

Admitted Assets

Bonds

Bonds increased by $~~1,269,548 thousand~~ 546 million or 4% primarily driven by ~~net~~reinvestment ~~acquisitions~~in long-term bonds from cash equivalents that had yet to be reinvested as of December 31, ~~mostly~~2023, ~~within~~growth in the ~~corporate~~GFA ~~bond~~business ~~and~~from ~~structured~~net ~~securities~~inflows, ~~portfolios~~excluding those held in cash, ~~primarily~~cash equivalents ~~from~~and ~~the~~short-term ~~reinvestment~~investments as of ~~GFA~~December 31, 2024, and reinvestment of net ~~inflows~~investment ~~during~~income ~~the~~not ~~year~~used for other operating cash flows, partially offset by cash flows being used to pay a dividend to TIAA and continued declines in individual annuities.

Bonds represented approximately 98% of TIAA Life’s invested asset portfolio at December 31, ~~2021~~2024.

The following table sets forth TIAA Life’s bond portfolio by industry:

	2021			2020
	2024			2023
Finance and financial services		2724.6	%		24.84	%
Manufacturing		1615.70	%		1815.03	%
Public utilities		12.3	%		12.4	%
Public Utilities		11.0	%		11.2	%
Real estate investment trusts		5.2	%		4.9	%
Services		8.3	%		8.3	%
Services		5.1	%		5.1	%
Revenue and special obligations		7.3	%		7.7	%
Revenue and special obligations		5.0	%		4.2	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		6.7	%		5.7	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		4.9	%		2.9	%
Real estate investment trusts		4.9	%		5.3	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4.3	%		6.6	%
Oil and gas		5.2	%		4.8	%
Oil and gas		3.9	%		4.6	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities		3.3	%		3.7	%
Asset-backed securities		3.6	%		4.4	%
Communications		3.5	%		3.2	%
Communications		3.4	%		3.4	%
Retail & Wholesale Trade		3.1	%		3.2	%
Transportation		32.16	%		32.57	%
Retail & wholesale trade		2.7	%		2.9	%
Asset-backed securities		2.8	%		2.6	%
U.S. governments		0.9	%		1.2	%
Other governments		0.6	%		0.7	%
Mining		0.56	%		0.56	%
Other governments		0.5	%		0.6	%
U.S. governments		0.2	%		0.3	%
Other		0.3	%		—0.3	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%

The following table presents the carrying value of the long-term bond portfolio by investment grade (in ~~thousands~~ millions):

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

NAIC Classes

Carrying Value

% of Total

Carrying Value

% of Total

NAIC 1 and 2

1213,~~437,567~~550

~~100~~99.0

1113,~~162,826~~069

~~100~~99.05

NAIC 3 through 6

~~286~~133

—1.0

~~5,479~~68

—0.5

Total

1213,~~437,853~~683

100.0

1113,~~168,305~~137

100.0

The gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values for bonds by the length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position are shown in the table below (in ~~thousands~~millions):

	Less than twelve months							Twelve months or more
	AmortizedCost		GrossUnrealizedLoss			~~EstimatedFair Value~~EstimatedFairValue		AmortizedCost		GrossUnrealizedLoss			~~EstimatedFair Value~~EstimatedFairValue
December 31, 2021
December 31, 2024
All other bonds	$	21,~~903,178~~468	$	(~~73,467~~36	)	$	21,~~829,711~~432	$	~~193~~9,~~827~~558	$	(101,~~342~~177	)	$	~~183~~8,~~485~~381
Loaned-backed and structured bonds		~~693,825~~201		(~~9,304~~3	)		~~684,521~~198		171,~~991~~279		(~~601~~156	)		171,~~390~~123
Total	$	31,~~597,003~~669	$	(~~82,771~~39	)	$	31,~~514,232~~630	$	~~211~~10,~~818~~837	$	(101,~~943~~333	)	$	~~200~~9,~~875~~504
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2023
All other bonds	$	~~188,714~~217	$	(~~2,083~~7	)	$	~~186,631~~210	$	210,~~508~~134	$	(~~513~~1,122	)	$	19,~~995~~012
Loaned-backed and structured bonds		~~57,137~~22		~~(151~~—	)		~~56,986~~22		~~423~~1,413		(13180	)		~~410~~1,233
Total	$	~~245,851~~239	$	(~~2,234~~7	)	$	~~243,617~~232	$	211,~~931~~547	$	(~~526~~1,302	)	$	210,~~405~~245

~~TIAA-CREF~~Estimated ~~Investment~~fair ~~Horizon~~values ~~Annuity~~for ~~Prospectus~~bonds 47are subject to market fluctuations, including changes in interest rates. Generally, if interest rates increase, the value of bonds will decrease, and conversely a decline in general interest rates will tend to increase the value of bonds. As of December 31, 2024, 99.9% of unrealized losses were from

investment grade bonds. Based upon TIAA Life’s current evaluation of these securities in accordance with its impairment policy, TIAA Life has concluded that these securities are not other-than-temporarily impaired. Additionally, TIAA Life currently intends and has the ability to hold the securities with unrealized losses for a period of time sufficient for them to recover.

The carrying value and estimated fair value of bonds, categorized by contractual maturity, are shown below. Bonds not due at a single maturity date have ~~been~~ been included in the following table based on the year of final maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are shown separately in the table below, as they are not due at a single maturity date (in ~~thousands~~millions):

	Scheduled Maturity of Bonds
	December 31, 2021							December 31, 2020
	December 31, 2024							December 31, 2023
	Carrying Value		% of Total			EstimatedFair Value		Carrying Value		% of Total			EstimatedFair Value
Due in one year or less	$	~~279,304~~558		24	%	$	~~282,418~~554	$	~~439,183~~249		42	%	$	~~444,456~~247
Due after one year through five years		24,~~411,036~~052		1930	%		23,~~485,399~~929		23,~~035,808~~222		1825	%		23,~~156,250~~071
Due after five years through ten years		43,~~593,916~~897		3728	%		43,~~703,519~~452		34,~~783,398~~480		34	%		4,~~170,798~~026
Due after ten years	$	3,~~565,037~~439		2925	%		42,~~084,119~~820		3,~~364,536~~607		3027	%		43,~~091,381~~129
Subtotal	$	1011,~~849,293~~946		87	%	$	1110,~~555,455~~755	$	911,~~622,925~~558		8688	%	$	10,~~862,885~~473
Residential mortgage-backed securities		~~533,789~~446		43	%		~~543,587~~393		~~730,155~~492		74	%		~~756,566~~440
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		~~602,818~~911		57	%		~~611,716~~823		~~326,225~~746		35	%		~~353,638~~641
Asset-backed securities		~~451,953~~380		43	%		~~458,260~~364		~~489,000~~341		43	%		~~507,927~~320
Subtotal	$	1,~~588,560~~737		13	%	$	1,~~613,563~~580	$	1,~~545,380~~579		1412	%	$	1,~~618,131~~401
Total	$	1213,~~437,853~~683		100	%	$	1312,~~169,018~~335	$	1113,~~168,305~~137		100	%	$	1211,~~481,016~~874

~~Preferred~~Cash, ~~stock~~cash equivalents and short-term investments

~~Preferred~~Cash, ~~stock~~cash ~~increased~~equivalents, and short term investments decreased by $~~9,839 thousand~~135 million primarily driven by ~~purchases~~a ~~and~~lower anlevel ~~increase~~of cash inflows from GFA that were still in ~~unrealized~~process ~~gains.~~of ~~Note,~~being ~~effective~~invested ~~January 1,~~into ~~2021~~long-term assets, ~~perpetual~~ ~~preferred~~partially ~~shares~~offset ~~required~~by ~~fair~~a ~~value~~decision ~~treatment~~to ~~(previously~~hold ~~held~~more inflows in short-term investments at ~~cost),~~December ~~which~~2024 ~~resulted~~due to seasonally large GFA outflows in ~~unrealized~~January ~~gains~~for tuition payments.

~~Cash,~~Contract ~~Cash~~loans ~~Equivalents and Short-Term Investments~~

~~Cash,~~Contract ~~cash~~loans ~~equivalents,~~increased ~~and short term investments decreased~~ by $~~116,444 thousand~~8 million primarily driven by ~~fewer~~an ~~GFA~~increase ~~net inflows into 529 Plans~~ in ~~late~~new ~~2021~~issues, ~~compared to late 2020~~ which ~~had~~was ~~yet~~partially tooffset beby ~~reinvested into long term bonds~~repayments.

Other invested assets

Other invested assets ~~increased~~decreased by $~~5,742 thousand~~6 million primarily driven by ana ~~increase~~decrease in ~~receivables~~receivable for securities due to normal timing of investment activities.

~~Reinsurance~~Federal ~~amounts~~income ~~receivable~~tax recoverable/(payable) from/(to) TIAA

~~Reinsurance amounts~~Federal ~~receivable~~income ~~increase~~tax ofrecoverable from TIAA decreased $~~8,967 thousand~~7 ~~primarily~~million ~~driven~~due byto ~~higher~~timing ~~outstanding~~differences ~~modified~~between ~~coinsurance~~the ~~(“MODCO”)~~accrual ~~claims~~of ~~paid~~taxes and ~~pending~~payments ~~reimbursement~~made ~~from~~ under the ~~reinsurer~~Tax Allocation Agreement.

~~Other~~49 ~~assets~~

Other assets decrease of $13,242 thousand primarily driven by lower GFA suspense receivables as December 31, 2020 was elevated due to trading activity driven by normal timing differences.

Separate Accounts

Separate account assets increase of $700,047 thousand was primarily driven by net appreciation of $641,241 thousand driven by increases in equity markets in 2021, and net deposits of $58,806 thousand. Separate account liabilities increase was consistent with separate account assets.

48 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

Reinsurance amounts receivable

Reinsurance amounts receivable decrease of $5 million was primarily driven by a lower recoverable for claims paid, a lower receivable for surrenders ceded, and a negative Modco adjustment driven by the runoff of the M universal life product.

Separate accounts

Separate account assets increase of $323 millions was primarily driven by net appreciation, primarily within VA-1, VLI-1, and VLI-2, driven by increases in equity markets in 2024, partially offset by net participant withdrawals primarily in VA-1. Separate account liabilities increase was consistent with separate account assets.

Liabilities

Reserves ~~for Life~~ and ~~Health, Annuities and Deposit~~ deposit-~~Type~~type ~~Contracts~~contracts

Reserves ~~for~~and ~~life &~~deposit-type ~~health~~contracts ~~annuities &~~increase of $376 million was primarily driven by an increase in liability for deposit type contracts ~~increase~~from $1interested credited and net inflows from the GFA product,~~109,677 thousand~~ ~~primarily~~partially ~~driven~~offset by: a decrease in policyholder reserves due to declines in fixed annuity and retail fixed universal life product reserves.

•Asset ~~Deposit~~valuation ~~type~~reserve ~~contracts~~(“AVR”) increase of $1,065,221 thousand primarily driven by net inflows into 529 College Savings Plans of $1,054,433 thousand, including approximately $850,000 thousand inflows into the new funding agreement with a Colorado state sponsored 529 college savings plan, and net deposits and interest credited due to normal rebalancing activity from equities to GFA.

•Asset ~~Policyholder’s~~valuation ~~reserves~~reserve (“AVR”) increase of $~~44,555~~14 ~~thousand~~million was primarily driven by ~~premiums~~the basic contribution and ~~interest~~unrealized ~~credited~~capital ingains, partially ~~excess~~offset ofby ~~surrenders,~~the ~~benefits~~reserve ~~and~~adjustment ~~net~~as ~~transfers~~TIAA toLife’s ~~separate~~current ~~accounts~~balance is greater than the reserve objective.

Asset Valuation Reserve (“AVR”)

Asset valuation reserve (“AVR”) increase of $8,956 thousand was primarily driven by the basic contribution of $13,898 thousand attributed to growth in invested assets, partially offset by the reserve objective adjustment of $5,423 thousand.

Interest Maintenance Reserve (“IMR”)

IMR increase of $6,814 thousand was driven by realized gains of $11,658 thousand primarily from the sale of corporate bonds, partially offset by IMR amortization of $4,844 thousand.

Other Liabilities

Other liabilities increase of $~~18,329 thousand~~24 million was primarily driven by ~~higher~~an ~~reinsurance~~increase in ~~unauthorized~~payable ~~companies~~for ofsecurities ~~$11,600 thousand~~and ~~primarily~~suspense items due to ~~higher~~normal ~~paid~~transactions and ~~unpaid~~settlement ~~claims from M Life~~activity, ~~and~~partially ~~higher~~offset ~~intercompany~~by ~~payables~~various tosmaller ~~TIAA of $3,274 thousand~~items..

Capital and Surplus

Capital and surplus ~~increased~~decreased $~~22,874 thousand~~7 million driven by the following:

• $~~121,810~~60 ~~thousand~~million ~~increase~~decrease ~~from~~due ~~net~~to ~~income~~dividend to TIAA in 2024

• $~~81,600~~14 ~~thousand~~million decrease due to ~~dividends~~an toincrease ~~stockholders~~in ~~from~~AVR aas ~~payment~~noted ~~to TIAA in 2021~~above

• ~~$11,600~~Partially ~~thousand~~offset ~~decrease~~by ~~from~~$62 ~~the~~million ~~change~~increase infrom ~~liability~~net ~~for reinsurance in unauthorized companies as noted above~~income

• $8,956 thousand decrease due to an increase in AVR as noted above

Liquidity and Capital Resources

TIAA Life has a financial support agreement with TIAA. Under this agreement, TIAA will provide support so TIAA Life will have the greater of (a) capital and surplus of $250~~,000 thousand,~~ million or (b) the amount of capital and surplus necessary to maintain ~~TIAA~~ TIAA Life’s capital and surplus at a level not less than 150% of the NAIC Risk Based Capital model or ~~(c)~~ such other amount as necessary to maintain TIAA Life’s financial strength ratings at least the same as TIAA’s rating. This agreement is not an evidence of indebtedness or an obligation or liability of TIAA and does not provide any creditor of TIAA Life with recourse to TIAA.

TIAA Life maintains a $100~~,000 thousand~~ million unsecured 364-day revolving line of credit with TIAA. This line has an expiration date of ~~July 1~~June 27, ~~2022~~2025. As of December 31, ~~2021~~2024, $~~30,000 thousand~~75 million of this facility was maintained on a committed basis, and there were no balances outstanding. TIAA Life pays a commitment fee of 8 basis points (“bps”) on the unused portion of the committed facility. The circumstances for withdrawal are industry standard and generally relate to deterioration of credit quality or illegal actions. TIAA Life believes it was in compliance with all applicable financial covenants at December 31, 2024.

~~TIAA~~50 ~~Life has no material off-balance sheet arrangements for financing or other purposes.~~

The following table presents TIAA Life’s total adjusted capital, as defined by the NAIC (in thousands):

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 49

	December 31,
	2021		2020		$ Variance
Total capital and surplus	$	841,657	$	818,783	$	22,874
Asset valuation reserve (portion not utilized within cash flow testing)		64,958		56,002		8,956
Total adjusted capital	$	906,615	$	874,785	$	31,830

TIAA Life has no material off-balance sheet arrangements for financing or other purposes.

The following table presents TIAA Life’s total adjusted capital ~~increase of $31~~,~~830 thousand~~ ~~was~~as ~~driven~~defined by anthe ~~increase~~NAIC (in ~~capital and surplus of $22,874 thousand (see capital and surplus section above for further discussion~~millions): ~~and an increase in the AVR addition of $8,956 thousand as TIAA Life did not use any of the AVR for cash flow testing purposes as of December 31, 2021.~~

TIAA Life’s financial strength (i.e., claims-paying ability) ratings are AA+ (Very Strong) from Standard and Poor’s, A++ (Superior) from A.M. Best Company, AAA (Exceptionally Strong) from Fitch Ratings, and Aa1 (Excellent) from Moody’s Investors Service. Each rating agency independently assigns a rating based on its own independent review and takes into account a variety of factors, which are subject to change, in making its decision. Accordingly, there can be no assurance of the ratings that will be afforded in the future. These ratings do not apply to the separate accounts because the underlying assets have been allocated to specific separate account liabilities and generally are not available to fund the needs of TIAA Life’s general account.


	December 31,
	2024		2023		$ Variance
Total capital and surplus	$	825	$	832	$	(7	)
Asset valuation reserve (portion not utilized within cash flow testing)		104		90		14

Total adjusted capital	$	929	$	922	$	7

TIAA Life’s total adjusted capital (excludes AVR) increase of $7 million was primarily driven by $62 million in net income and $3 million increase in unrealized capital gains, partially offset by $60 million dividend to TIAA.

TIAA Life’s financial strength (i.e., claims-paying ability) ratings are AA+ (Very Strong) from Standard and Poor’s, A++ (Superior) from A.M. Best Company, AAA (Exceptionally Strong) from Fitch Ratings, and A1 (Upper Medium Grade) from Moody’s Investors Service. Each rating agency independently assigns a rating based on its own independent review and takes into account a variety of factors, which are subject to change, in making its decision. Accordingly, there can be no assurance of the ratings that will be afforded in the future. These ratings do not apply to the separate accounts because the underlying assets have been allocated to specific separate account liabilities and generally are not available to fund the needs of TIAA Life’s general account.

A significant portion of TIAA Life’s general account investments consist of investment grade publicly-traded bonds, which can be readily converted to cash. TIAA Life carefully reviews its liquidity position on an ongoing basis.

The following table illustrates TIAA Life’s cash flows provided by or used in operating, investing, and financing activities for the following periods (in ~~thousands~~millions):

	For Year Ended December 31,
							Increase/(decrease)									Increase/(decrease)
	2021			2020			$			%			2019			$			%
	2024			2023			$			%			2022			$			%
Net cash provided by operations	$	~~245,208~~206		$	~~232,576~~117		$	~~12,633~~89			576	%	$	~~273,515~~235		$	(~~40,939~~118	)		(1550	)%
Net cash used in investments		(492,555	)		(2,504,497	)		2,011,941			(80	)%		(743,285	)		(1,761,212	)		237	%
Net cash provided by/ (used in) investments		(513	)		168			(681	)		(405	)%		(894	)		1,062			(119	)%
Net cash provided by financing and other		130,903			2,274,886			(2,143,983	)		(94	)%		577,396			1,697,490			294	%
Net cash provided by/ (used in) financing and other		172			(119	)		291			(245	)%		591			(710	)		(120	)%
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and short term investments	$	(~~116,444~~135	)	$	~~2,965~~166		$	(~~119,409~~301	)		(~~4,027~~181	)%	$	~~107,626~~(68	)	$	~~(104,661~~234	)		(97344	)%

Cash flow from operations is affected by the level of premiums from the sale of individual annuities and renewal premiums on life insurance products, investment income received, benefits paid, expenses paid, and customer decisions to move funds in or out of separate accounts. The $89 million increase in net cash provided by operations was primarily due to an increase in net transfers from separate accounts, partially offset by higher benefits.

The $~~12,633~~681 ~~thousand~~million ~~increase~~decrease in net cash from ~~provided~~investment byactivities ~~operations~~ was primarily driven by higher purchases of long-term bonds due to ~~increases~~cash inequivalents ~~premiums~~that ~~and~~had ~~net~~yet ~~investment~~to ~~income~~be reinvested as of December 31, ~~partially~~2023, ~~offset by~~growth ~~higher~~in ~~policy~~the ~~and~~GFA ~~contract~~business ~~benefits,~~from net ~~transfers~~inflows, toexcluding ~~separate~~those ~~accounts~~held in cash, cash equivalents and ~~federal~~short-term investments as of December 31, 2024, and reinvestment of net investment income ~~tax~~not ~~expenses~~used for other operating cash flows.

~~The~~51 $2,011,941 thousand decrease in net cash used in investments was primarily driven by lower purchases of long term bonds due to lower GFA net inflows and an increase in proceeds from long term bonds sold, matured or repaid.

TheTable $2,143,983 thousandof decrease in net cash provided by financing activities was due primarily to a decrease in net deposits on deposit-type contracts from GFA net inflows and a dividend paid to TIAA. Contents

The $291 million increase in net cash from financing activities was due primarily to net deposits on deposit-type contracts in 2024 as compared to net deposits in 2023 from GFA activity, partially offset by a smaller dividend to TIAA.

Contractual Obligations

As of December 31, ~~2021~~2024, TIAA Life did not have any significant current or future contractual obligations related to long-term debt, capital leases, operating leases , or purchase obligations.

Cash flows from the general account’s investments are anticipated to fully fund the general account’s obligations.

Legal Proceedings

It is the opinion of management that any liabilities which might arise from litigation, state guaranty fund assessments, and other matters, over and above amounts already provided for in the financial statements, are not considered material in relation to TIAA Life’s financial position or the results of its operations.

50TIAA Life receives and responds to subpoenas, examinations, or other inquiries from state and federal regulators, including state insurance commissioners; state attorneys general, and other state governmental authorities; the SEC, and federal governmental authorities. TIAA~~-CREF~~ ~~Investment~~Life ~~Horizon~~cooperates ~~Annuity~~in ~~Prospectus~~connection with these inquiries and believes the ultimate liability that could result from litigation and proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on TIAA Life’s financial position.

TIAA Life receives and responds to subpoenas, examinations, or other inquiries from state and federal regulators, including state insurance commissioners; state attorneys general and other state governmental authorities; the SEC and federal governmental authorities. TIAA Life cooperates in connection with these inquiries and believes the ultimate liability that could result from litigation and proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on TIAA Life’s financial position.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 51

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

Directors

~~Rashmi~~Bradley ~~Badwe~~Finkle, ~~1971~~1973, Director (since ~~2014~~2018). Executive Vice President, Head of ~~Wealth~~Complementary ~~Solutions~~Businesses & ~~Investments~~CAO, ~~Branch~~Chief Operating Officer, ~~Manager~~Nuveen, ~~(2019-Present).~~ Senior Managing Director, ~~Head~~Chief Operating Officer, ~~Individual~~Nuveen ~~Client~~(since ~~Solutions~~2019). Co-Head Nuveen Equities and Fixed Income, ~~Branch~~Nuveen ~~Officer~~and ~~Manager~~President, TIAA-CREF Funds and TIAA Investments (~~2016~~2017 - 2019). Senior Managing Director, President, TIAA Public Investments, (~~2013-~~2016-2017). ~~Manager~~Managing Director, ~~TIAA-CREF~~Investment ~~Individual &~~Product ~~Institutional~~Management ~~Services, LLC~~ (~~since~~2010 ~~2016~~- 2015).

~~Christine~~Timothy ~~E. Dugan~~Penrose, ~~1963~~1978, Director (since ~~2018~~2021). , Executive Vice President, ~~Product~~Chief ~~GM,~~Risk ~~Institutional~~Officer ~~Lifetime Income~~ (since 2022), ~~Executive Vice President~~SMD, ~~Chief Actuary~~CRO, ~~Senior~~TIAA ~~Vice~~Financial ~~President,~~Solutions and ~~Chief~~Client ~~Actuary,~~Services & ~~TIAA~~Technology (~~2019~~2020-2022)., ~~Deputy~~SMD, ~~Chief~~CRO, ~~Actuary~~Head of Operational Risk (~~9/2018~~May –2019-Oct ~~12/2018~~2020)., ~~Senior Director~~SMD, ~~Willis Towers~~Internal ~~Watson~~Audit (2016-~~2018~~2019)., ~~Head~~Managing ~~of Closed Block Variable Annuity (2013-2015).~~ Director, ~~Towers~~Internal ~~Watson~~Audit (~~2011~~2012-~~2013~~2016) ~~Member~~, ~~Society~~Senior ~~of Actuaries~~Director, IT ~~American~~Audit ~~Academy~~(2010 of- ~~Actuaries~~2012), TIAA.

~~Bradley~~Nicholas ~~Finkle~~Calarco, ~~1973~~1972, Director (since ~~2018~~2021). ~~Executive~~Senior Vice President , ~~Chief~~Corporate ~~Operating Officer, Nuveen, Senior Managing Director, Chief Operating Officer,~~Financial ~~Nuveen~~Planning & ~~(since 2019). Co-Head Nuveen Equities and Fixed Income~~Analysis, ~~Nuveen and President,~~ TIAA~~-CREF~~ ~~Funds and TIAA Investments~~ (~~2017-2019).~~since ~~Senior~~May ~~Managing Director~~2020), ~~President,~~ TIAA ~~Public Investments~~, ~~(2016-2017). Managing~~Finance ~~Director~~Executive, ~~Investment~~Bank ~~Product~~of ~~Management~~America (~~2010~~2001-~~2015~~2020).

~~William~~Mohammad G.Ali ~~Griesser~~Iqbal, ~~1973~~1980, Chairman, ~~Director (since 2018).~~ President & and Chief Executive Officer, ~~TIAA-CREF~~(since ~~Life~~2023), ~~Insurance~~Director ~~Company~~ (since ~~2019~~2021). ~~Executive~~SMD, ~~Vice~~ President, ~~Product~~TIAA ~~GM,~~Kaspick ~~Institutional Managed Solutions~~ (since ~~2021~~2022),. ~~Senior Managing Director~~SMD, Head of Individual Solutions, ~~TIAA~~ (~~2017-~~Oct 2021-July 2022)., ~~Senior~~Vice ~~Managing Director~~President, ~~Head~~TFS ofFinance (June ~~Retail~~2015-Sep ~~Products~~2021), TIAA, ~~(2011-2017).~~Director ~~TIAA-CREF~~Finance, ~~Individual &~~UBS ~~Institutional~~Financial Services, ~~LLC~~ (~~since 2016~~2013-2015)., ~~TIAA-CREF~~Director ~~Insurance~~– ~~Agency~~Operations Finance, ~~LLC~~UBS ~~President~~Financial Services (~~since~~2006 ~~2018~~- 2013)., ~~MyVest~~Financial ~~Corporation~~Analyst, ~~Director~~P&O Nedlloyd (~~since~~2004 ~~2018~~- 2006).

~~Anne~~Keith ~~Dobkowski~~Floman, ~~1967~~1969, Director, Investment Committee Chair (since ~~2020~~2022) Senior ~~Managing~~Vice ~~Director~~President, ~~OCAO,~~ Chief ~~Administrative~~Actuary ~~Officer,Chief Operating Officer, TIAA – TFS~~ (~~2019-2020), Head~~since ~~of Business Management – TIAA TFS-CS (2014-2019~~2022), ~~Special Assistant to~~ TIAA. ~~CEO~~Various Actuarial ~~(2011–2014),~~offices ~~Product~~at ~~Manager~~Equitable ~~– Executive Compensation Plans~~ (~~2008–2010),~~2006 ~~Implementation Manager (2004~~-~~2008),~~ ~~Liaison (1999-2004~~2022).

~~Eric~~Jill ~~T. Jones~~Richman, ~~1961~~1967, Director ~~(since 2008). Senior Managing Director~~, ~~Advisory~~Investment ~~Solutions &~~Committee ~~Product~~Member ~~Development, TIAA~~ (since ~~2013~~2023). Senior ~~Managing~~ Director, Portfolio ~~Head~~Management, ofFixed ~~Advice & Product Solutions~~Income, ~~TIAA~~ (~~2012-~~since 2013). Senior Vice President, ~~Individual~~Wachovia ~~Products, TIAA (2006-2012)~~Corp./Evergreen ~~Manager~~Investments (~~since 2008), President and Chief Executive Officer (2010~~1993-~~2012~~2010)~~, TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC~~.

~~Timothy~~Christopher ~~Penrose~~Shields Lynch, ~~1978~~1965, Director ~~(since 2021)~~, ~~Executive~~Nominating ~~Vice~~and ~~President,~~Governance ~~Chief~~Committee ~~Risk~~member ~~Officer~~ (since 2004),. ~~SMD,~~Senior ~~CRO,~~Managing ~~TIAA Financial Solutions and Client Services & Technology (2020—)~~Director, ~~SMD~~Education Savings, ~~CRO,~~Chairman ~~Head~~ of ~~Operational~~the ~~Risk~~Board ~~(May~~and ~~2019 – Oct 2020)~~President, ~~SMD, Internal Audit (2016~~TIAA-~~2019),~~CREF ~~Managing~~Tuition ~~Director~~Financing, ~~Internal Audit (2012 – 2016), Senior Director, IT Audit (2010 – 2012), TIAA~~Inc..

~~Nicholas~~Stacy ~~Calarco~~Eisenhauer, ~~1972~~1978, ~~Director~~Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since ~~2021~~2017) ~~Senior~~TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company. Vice President, ~~Corporate~~ Financial ~~Planning &~~Control ~~Analysis~~Management, ~~TIAA~~VP, External Reporting (since ~~May 2020~~2017) Vice President, ~~TIAA~~Regulatory Reporting ( since 2017). Director, ~~Finance~~Regulatory ~~Executive~~Reporting (2015 - 2017), Senior ~~Bank~~Manager, ofSecurities ~~America~~Reporting (~~2001~~2013 –- ~~2020~~2015) TIAA.

Mohammad Ali Iqbal, 1980, Director (since 2021) SMD, Head of Individual Solutions (since Oct 2021), Vice President, TFS Finance (June 2015 – Sep 2021), TIAA, Director Finance, UBS Financial Services (2013-2015), Director – Operations Finance, UBS Financial Services (2006-2013), Financial Analyst, P&O Nedlloyd (2004-2006).

Stacy Eisenhauer, 1978, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since 2017). Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since 2017) TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company. Vice President, Financial Control Management, VP, External Reporting (since 2017) Vice President, Regulatory Reporting ( since 2017). Director, Regulatory Reporting (2015-2017), Senior Manager, Securities Reporting (2013-2015) TIAA.

The Board has an Audit Committee that reviews the scope and results of the audit and other services provided by TIAA Life’s independent registered public accounting firm, and reviews and approves matters pertaining to accounting, internal control procedures, and related policies. The Board has an Executive Committee that has the full powers of the Board during intervals between the meetings of the Board, subject to applicable law. The Board has an Investment Committee that determines the investment policies and supervises the investment of the funds of TIAA Life. The Board has a Nominating Committee that nominates directors and executive officers and designates principal officers. The Board does not have a Compensation Committee because TIAA Life does not have any employees. The Board may, from time to time, establish certain other committees and subcommittees to facilitate the management of TIAA Life.

52 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

Executive Officers

~~William~~Stacy ~~G. Griesser~~Eisenhauer, ~~1973~~1978, ~~Director~~Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since ~~2018~~2017). Vice President & and Chief ~~Executive~~Financial Officer, (since 2017). TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company; ~~(since~~Vice ~~2019). Senior Managing Director~~President, ~~Head~~Regulatory ofReporting ~~Individual Solutions, TIAA~~ (since 2017)., ~~Senior Managing~~ Director, ~~Head~~Regulatory ofReporting ~~Retail Products, TIAA~~ (~~2011~~2015 - 2017)., ~~TIAA-CREF~~Senior ~~Individual & Institutional Services~~Manager, ~~LLC~~Securities Reporting (~~since~~2013 ~~2016). TIAA~~-~~CREF~~ ~~Insurance Agency, LLC President (since 2018~~2015)~~. MyVest Corporation~~, ~~Director (since 2018)~~TIAA.

~~Stacy~~53 Eisenhauer, 1978, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since 2017). Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since 2017). TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company; Vice President, Regulatory Reporting (since 2017), Director, Regulatory Reporting (2015-2017), Senior Manager, Securities Reporting (2013-2015), TIAA.

WayneTable A.of Agard, 1972, Secretary (since March 2022). Director, Associate General Counsel & Assistant Corporate Secretary (since 2022). SVP, Counsel & Corporate Secretary, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (2013-2021). AVP, Senior Counsel & Assistant Corporate Secretary, Church Pension Group (1999-2013). Contents

~~Christopher~~Wayne ~~Baraks~~A. Agard, ~~1970~~1972, ~~Vice~~Secretary ~~President~~ (since ~~2012~~March 2022). ~~Vice President~~TIAA, ~~Head~~Senior ~~of Tax (since 2018); Vice President~~Director, ~~TIAA~~Associate ~~(2013-2018).~~General Counsel & ~~Vice~~Assistant ~~President,~~ Corporate ~~Tax~~ ~~Controller,~~Secretary ~~TIAA-CREF Fund Complex~~ (since ~~2013~~2023). ~~Vice President~~TIAA, ~~Teachers Advisors~~Director, ~~LLC~~Associate ~~(since~~General ~~2015).~~Counsel & ~~Vice~~Assistant ~~President,~~Corporate ~~Teachers~~Secretary ~~Personal Investors Services, Inc.~~ (~~since 2014~~2022-2023). ~~Vice President~~SVP, ~~TIAA-CREF~~Counsel & ~~Insurance~~Corporate ~~Agency~~Secretary, ~~LLC~~Brown ~~(since~~Brothers ~~2015~~Harriman & Co. (2013-2021). ~~Vice President~~AVP, ~~TIAA-CREF~~Senior ~~Individual~~Counsel & ~~Institutional~~Assistant ~~Services~~Corporate Secretary, ~~LLC~~Church ~~(since~~Pension ~~2014~~Group (1999-2013).

~~Jennifer~~Christopher ~~Sisom~~J. Heald, ~~1972~~1984, Vice President and Treasurer (since ~~2020~~September 2022), ~~Assistant~~Director ~~Treasurer, Treasury~~and ~~Manager,~~Interim ~~Treasury~~Treasurer ~~Analyst~~ (~~2004-2020);~~7/22 ~~Cash~~– ~~Manager~~9/22), ~~Belk~~Director ~~Stores~~and ~~Services~~Assistant Treasurer (~~2003-2004~~9/20 – 7/22), Treasury ~~Associate,~~Manager ~~Lend~~(8/17 ~~Lease~~– ~~Real~~9/20), ~~Estate~~Senior ~~Investments,~~Treasury ~~Inc.~~Analyst (~~1998-2003~~3/15 – 8/17) TIAA.

Carol Fracasso, 1963, Vice President and Consumer Services Officer (since 2017)~~. Vice President and Consumer Services Officer (since 2017)~~; Vice President, Head, Business Management (2016-2017), Vice President, Underwriting & New Business Operations (since 2013) TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company. Vice President, TIAA (since 2013). Vice President and other positions, AXA Equitable Life Insurance (1986-2012).

Kenneth Reitz, 1957, General Counsel (since 2015). Managing Director and Associate General Counsel (since 2019), Senior Director and Associate General Counsel (since 2013), Director and Associate General Counsel (2011-2013), Associate General Counsel (2008-2011), TIAA. General Counsel, TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company (since 2015).

~~Todd~~Wayne ~~Sagmoe~~Smiley, ~~1964~~1962, ~~Vice~~Chief ~~President~~Compliance Officer (since ~~2017~~2016).; ~~Vice~~Chief ~~President~~Compliance ~~and~~Officer ~~Illustration~~(2006-2011). ~~Actuary~~Director, ~~TIAA-CREF~~Compliance ~~Life~~Officer ~~Insurance~~II, ~~Company~~TIAA (~~2014~~2006- 2018);. ~~Vice~~Senior ~~President~~Director, ~~Product Management~~Senior ~~(since~~Compliance ~~2014)~~Officer, ~~Vice~~TIAA ~~President,~~(since ~~Senior Actuary~~2019).

Wayne Smiley, 1962, Chief Compliance Officer (since 2016); Chief Compliance Officer (2006-2011). Director, Compliance Officer II, TIAA (2006-2018). Senior Director, Senior Compliance Officer, TIAA (since 2019). Chief Compliance Officer, TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company (since 2016).

Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Board of Directors of TIAA Life has determined that Bradley Finkle, ~~Christine~~Mohammad E.Ali ~~Dugan~~Iqbal, and Timothy Penrose are qualified and would serve as the Audit Committee financial experts on TIAA Life’s Audit Committee. These individuals are not independent of TIAA Life’s management.

TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus 53

Code of Conduct

The Board of Trustees of TIAA has adopted a code of conduct for senior financial officers, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, or controller, and persons performing similar functions, in conformity with rules promulgated under the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. The code of conduct is filed as an exhibit to this ~~annual~~registration ~~report~~statement. During the reporting period, there were no implicit or explicit waivers granted by the Registrant from any provision of the code of conduct.

~~During~~54 ~~the reporting period, there were no implicit or explicit waivers granted by the Registrant from any provision of the code of conduct.~~

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. Except for the agreements described below, there have been no transactions between TIAA Life and any related person since January 1, 2016, nor are any such related person transactions currently being contemplated, for which disclosure would be required.

Except for the agreements described below, there have been no transactions between TIAA Life and any related person since January 1, 2016, nor are any such related person transactions currently being contemplated, for which disclosure would be required.

TIAA is the sole stockholder of TIAA Life, and TIAA Life and TIAA are parties to the following agreements:

Investment Management Agreement

The Investment Management Agreement provides that TIAA serves as investment adviser with respect to our investment portfolio that we maintain in connection with our business as an insurer. Under the Agreement, TIAA provides investment management services as we may request or as we may determine is reasonably necessary for the proper administration of our investment portfolio, and TIAA agrees to maintain sufficient facilities and trained personnel to perform those services. In consideration for the services provided under the Agreement, we agree to pay TIAA each calendar quarter a fee, which will be the cost to TIAA of performing the investment management services under the Agreement and to reimburse TIAA for any expenses relating to the performance of those services.

Amended and Restated Service Agreement

The Amended and Restated Service Agreement provides that TIAA will perform certain administrative and special services for our business operations, including accounting and bookkeeping services, treasury tasks, tax related services, provide operations systems, telecommunications and mail services, data processing services, maintenance of records, files and other information, legal advisory services, corporate secretarial services, actuarial advisory services, personnel services, public relations services, and such other services as we may request from time to time. In addition, the Agreement allows us to use, in our day-to-day operations, certain property, equipment, and facilities of TIAA, including, without limitation, data processing equipment, business property (whether owned or leased), and communication equipment. In consideration for the services provided under the Agreement, we agree to reimburse TIAA each quarter for the cost to TIAA of performing the services under the Agreement, as reasonably and equitably determined to be attributable to us by TIAA, including all direct and directly-allocable expenses, plus a reasonable charge for direct overhead as agreed to by us and TIAA from time to time.

Financial Support Agreement

We have a financial support agreement with TIAA, and, under this agreement, TIAA will provide financial support so that we will have the greater of (a) capital and surplus of $250.0 million, (b) the amount of capital and surplus necessary to maintain our capital and surplus at a level not less than 150% of the NAIC Risk Based Capital model or (c) such other amount as necessary to maintain our financial strength rating at least the same as TIAA’s rating at all times. This agreement is not an evidence of indebtedness or an obligation or liability of TIAA and does not provide any contract owner with recourse to TIAA.

54 TIAA-CREF Investment Horizon Annuity Prospectus

Tax Allocation Agreement

As a subsidiary of TIAA, we are included in TIAA’s consolidated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes. With respect to tax returns for any taxable period in which we are included in TIAA’s consolidated group, the amount of taxes to be paid by us is determined, subject to some adjustments, as if we filed our own separate tax return. Under the Tax Allocation Agreement, TIAA agrees to prepare, and TIAA Board of Overseers, the sole, collective owner of TIAA, will execute and file, all consolidated returns with respect to the consolidated group. We agree to pay to TIAA an amount equal to the federal income tax payments that we would be obligated to pay the federal government if we filed a separate return. TIAA agrees to pay each of its subsidiaries, including us, any reductions in the consolidated group’s federal income tax liability that are attributable to the tax losses of the subsidiary, and any refund owed to the subsidiary.

Distribution Arrangements

~~Our affiliate,~~ TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC (“TC Services”), a subsidiary of TIAA, is authorized to distribute the Contracts, issued through separate accounts for VA-1, VLI-1, and VLI-2 and distribute the IHA Contracts.

These services are provided via a direct agreement between us and TC Services. TC Services is compensated by us for all reasonable direct and directly allocable expenses it incurs in providing distribution services under the IHA Distribution Agreement, as reasonably and equitably determined to be attributable to TC Services.

SAGIC-related Arrangements

Nuveen Securities, LLC (“NSLLC”) is authorized to distribute the SAGIC contracts pursuant to a distribution agreement with us. We reimburse NSLLC at cost for all costs and expenses incurred by and directly or indirectly allocable to NSLLC in providing distribution services.

~~Our subsidiary,~~ Teachers Advisors, LLC (“TAL”), a subsidiary of TIAA, acts as investment manager with respect to the assets of the SVSA-2 and SVSA-3 separate accounts pursuant to an investment management agreement. TAL has discretionary authority to invest the assets of the separate accounts, subject to certain investment guidelines. In consideration for the investment management services provided by TAL, we pay TAL a fee each calendar quarter based on the total market value of each separate account’s assets and reimburse TAL for any expenses related to performing its services.

Note Purchase Agreement

The Company provides a $100 million unsecured 364-day revolving line of credit arrangement with TIAA-CREF Life. This line has an expiration date of ~~July~~June 127, ~~2022~~2025. As of December 31, ~~2021~~2024, $3075 million of this facility was maintained on a committed basis, and there were no balances outstanding.

Service Agreement

Services for funding agreements used to fund certain qualified state tuition programs for which TIAA-CREF Tuition Financing, Inc. (“TFI”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of TIAA is the program manager, are provided to TIAA Life by TFI pursuant to a Service Agreement between the Company and TFI.

Related Person Fees

For the services provided in accordance with the agreements identified above, we incurred $8482 million in total fees to TIAA during the year ended December 31, ~~2021~~2024.

Transactions with Related Persons Prohibited

The Board of Directors and Executive Officers of TIAA Life, as employees of TIAA, must adhere to a Corporate Code of Conduct and a Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers adopted by TIAA’s Board of Trustees. The policies proscribe activities and transactions where the director’s or executive officer’s private interests interfere with the interests of TIAA, its affiliates and subsidiaries. Under these rules, no director or officer would be permitted to engage in transactions with TIAA for which disclosure is required under SEC rules. Annually, directors and executive officers must submit a form to TIAA’s ~~General~~Chief ~~Counsel~~Legal Officer confirming that he or she has received, read and understands the Code of Ethics and has complied with the requirements of the Code; and notify the ~~General~~Company’s ~~Counsel~~Chief Legal Officer promptly if he or she becomes aware of any existing or potential violation of this Code.

~~TIAA-CREF~~BENEFICIAL ~~Investment~~OWNERSHIP ~~Horizon Annuity Prospectus 55~~

All of the issued and outstanding stock of the Company is owned by TIAA.

A15449

(5/25)

Table of contents to statutory—basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY December 31, 2021
TIAA-CREF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY December 31, 2024
		Page
Report of independent auditors		B-2
Statutory–basis financial statements:
Statements of admitted assets, liabilities and capital and surplus		B-4
Statements of operations		B-5
Statements of changes in capital and surplus		B-6
Statements of cash flows		B-7
Notes to financial statements		B-8

~~TC Life Insurance Company Financials~~ B-1

Report of independent auditors

To the Board of Directors of TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

Opinions

We have audited the accompanying statutory-basis financial statements of TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company (the “Company”), which comprise the statutory-basis statements of admitted assets, liabilities and capital and surplus as of December 31, ~~2021~~2024 and ~~2020~~2023, and the related statutory-basis statements of operations, of changes in capital and surplus, and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2021~~2024, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”).

Unmodified opinion on statutory basis of accounting

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the admitted assets, liabilities and capital and surplus of the Company as of December 31, ~~2021~~2024 and ~~2020~~2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2021~~2024, in accordance with the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the New York State Department of Financial Services described in ~~Note 2~~confirm.

Adverse opinion on Uu.Ss. generally accepted accounting principles

In our opinion, because of the significance of the matter discussed in the Basis for Adverse Opinion on U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles section of our report, the accompanying financial statements do not present fairly, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, ~~2021~~2024 and ~~2020~~2023, or the results of its operations or its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2021~~2024.

Basis for opinions

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit ~~opinion~~opinions.

Basis for adverse opinion on Uu.Ss. generally accepted accounting principles

As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, the financial statements are prepared by the Company on the basis of the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the New York State Department of Financial Services, which is a basis of accounting other than accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The effects on the financial statements of the variances between the statutory basis of accounting described in Note 2 and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, although not reasonably determinable, are presumed to be material.

Emphasis of matters

As discussed in Note 9 to the financial statements, the Company has entered into significant transactions with ~~affiliated~~Teachers ~~entities.~~Insurance Asand ~~discussed~~Annuity inAssociation ~~Note~~of ~~1 to the financial statements~~America (“TIAA”), ~~effective~~its ~~December 31~~parent, ~~2019, the Company no longer manufactures life insurance products for new customers~~ and ~~will~~other ~~continue~~subsidiaries toof ~~service~~TIAA, ~~all~~which ~~existing~~are ~~life~~related ~~insurance contracts~~parties. Our opinion is not modified with respect to ~~these~~this ~~matters~~matter.

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company no longer manufactures life insurance products for new customers and continues to service all existing life insurance contracts. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.

Responsibilities of management for the financial statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Management is also responsible for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date the financial statements are available to be issued.

Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with US GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

B-2 ~~TC Life Insurance Company Financials~~

internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

In performing an audit in accordance with US GAAS, we:

•

Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

•

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.

•

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

•

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements.

•

Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during the audit.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

New York, New York

March 1011, ~~2022~~2025

~~TC Life Insurance Company Financials~~ B-3

Statutory–basis statements of admitted assets, liabilities and capital ~~and surplus~~

and surplus

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

	December 31,
(in thousands, except share amounts)	~~2021~~2024		~~2020~~2023
ADMITTED ASSETS
Bonds	$	1213,~~437~~682,~~853~~877	$	1113,~~168~~137,~~305~~142
Preferred stocks		1013,~~022~~547		~~183~~9,755
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		~~165~~128,~~900~~781		~~282~~263,~~344~~877
Contract loans		4470,~~839~~223		4362,~~089~~247
Other invested assets		104,~~552~~587		410,~~810~~704
Investment income due and accrued		90,401		90,841
Total cash and invested assets		13,900,015		13,483,725
Net deferred federal income tax asset		17,414		17,788
Investment income due and accrued		109,830		103,762
Reinsurance amounts receivable		13,498		4,531
Federal income tax recoverable from TIAA		724		8,486
Other assets		29,087		42,329
Net deferred federal income tax asset		12,582		14,540
Separate account assets		4,806,546		4,106,499
Reinsurance amounts receivable		2,913		7,524
Total admitted assets	$	17,626,112	$	15,760,719
Other assets		23,184		26,641
Separate account assets		4,788,915		4,465,616
Total admitted assets	$	18,838,163	$	18,110,294
LIABILITIES, CAPITAL AND SURPLUS
Liabilities
Reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts	$	1113,~~833~~048,~~612~~238	$	1012,~~723~~671,~~935~~770
Asset valuation reserve		64103,~~958~~722		5689,~~002~~743
Interest maintenance reserve		3918,~~155~~288		3216,~~341~~138
Federal income tax payable to TIAA		5,990		6,703
Other amounts payable on reinsurance		6,776		10,494
Other amounts payable on reinsurance		8,603		9,226
Other liabilities		61,149		36,792
Other liabilities		37,015		18,686
Separate account liabilities		4,775,413		4,453,431
Separate account liabilities		4,795,122		4,095,043
Total liabilities		18,013,585		17,278,368
Total liabilities	$	16,784,455	$	14,941,936
Capital and surplus
Capital stock (2,500 shares of $1,000 par value common stock authorized, issued and outstanding)		2,500		2,500
Additional paid-in capital		777,500		777,500
Surplus (deficit)		6144,~~657~~578		3851,~~783~~926
Total capital and surplus		~~841~~824,~~657~~578		~~818~~831,~~783~~926
Total liabilities, capital and surplus	$	1718,~~626~~838,~~112~~163	$	1518,~~760~~110,~~719~~294

~~B-4 TC Life Insurance Company Financials~~ See notes to statutory-basis financial statements B-4

Statutory–basis statements of operations

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

	For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	~~2021~~2024			~~2020~~2023			~~2019~~2022
REVENUES
Insurance and annuity premiums and other considerations	$	~~435~~206,~~313~~200		$	~~369~~$217,~~414~~076		$	~~627~~258,~~093~~298
Net investment income		~~362~~456,~~614~~361			~~353~~435,~~764~~795			~~306~~404,~~108~~485
Commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded		95,~~732~~670			106,~~615~~249			157,~~729~~410
Reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded		(75,~~468~~221	)		(827,~~867~~409	)		6(11,~~029~~453	)
Separate account fees and other revenues		2221,~~141~~978			1819,~~691~~578			2421,~~455~~059
Total revenues	$	~~822~~684,~~332~~988		$	~~743~~$651,~~617~~289		$	~~979~~679,~~414~~799
EXPENSES
Policy and contract benefits	$	~~398~~613,~~599~~329		$	~~356~~$561,~~581~~980		$	~~382~~394,~~263~~462
Increase (decrease) in policy and contract reserves		46(121,~~123~~554	)		(~~186~~165,~~639~~330	)		~~400~~3,~~597~~237
Insurance expenses and taxes (excluding federal income taxes)		7172,~~026~~382			7378,~~322~~483			~~148~~74,~~245~~088
Commissions on premiums		52,~~649~~621			73,~~531~~153			184,~~919~~209
Interest on deposit-type contracts		90267,~~088~~878			~~113~~231,~~162~~510			8398,~~936~~778
Net transfers to separate accounts		58,877			44,786			140,213
Net transfers to (from) separate accounts		(223,919	)		(132,915	)		(77,274	)
Total expenses	$	~~670~~610,~~362~~737		$	~~408~~$576,~~743~~881		$	1497,~~174,173~~500
Income (loss) before federal income tax and net realized capital gains (losses)		151,970			334,874			(194,759	)
Income before federal income tax and net realized capital gains (losses)		74,251			74,408			182,299
Federal income tax expense		2912,~~067~~989			1814,~~634~~064			334,~~653~~780
Net realized capital gains (losses) less capital gains taxes, after transfers to the interest maintenance reserve		~~(1,093~~540	)		~~(4,721~~476	)		(~~9,371~~842	)
Net income (loss)	$	121,810		$	311,519		$	(207,783	)
Net income	$	61,802			$60,820		$	146,677

B-5 See notes to statutory-basis financial statements ~~TC Life Insurance Company Financials B-5~~

Statutory–basis statements of changes in capital and surplus

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

(in thousands)	CapitalStock		AdditionalPaid-InCapital		Surplus(Deficit)			Total
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	2,500	$	557,500	$	(59,116	)	$	500,884
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	2,500	$	777,500	$	61,657		$	841,657
Net income (loss)		—		—		~~(207~~146,~~783~~677	)		~~(207~~146,~~783~~677	)
Change in asset valuation reserve		—		—		(195	)		(195	)
Change in net unrealized capital gains (losses) on investments, net of $179 in taxes						(825	)		(825	)
Change in surplus in separate accounts		—		—		(2,422	)		(2,422	)
Change in asset valuation reserve		—		—		(12,844	)		(12,844	)
Change in liability for reinsurance in unauthorized companies		—		—		(1,575	)		(1,575	)
Change in surplus in separate accounts		—		—		(1,011	)		(1,011	)
Change in net deferred income tax		—		—		49,276			49,276
Change in liability for reinsurance in unauthorized companies		—		—		5,260			5,260
Change in net deferred income tax		—		—		(1,282	)		(1,282	)
Change in non-admitted assets:
Deferred federal income tax asset		—		—		~~(48,505~~348	)		~~(48,505~~348	)
Deferred premium asset limitation		—		—		~~830~~4,032			~~830~~4,032
Other assets		—		—		27(696	)		27(696	)
Capital contribution		—		220,000		—			220,000
Dividends to stockholders		—		—		(83,900	)		(83,900	)
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	2,500	$	777,500	$	(269,463	)	$	510,537
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	2,500	$	777,500	$	117,416		$	897,416
Net income (loss)		—		—		~~311~~60,~~519~~820			~~311~~60,~~519~~820
Change in reserve on account of change in valuation basis		—		—		(4,574	)		(4,574	)
Change in net unrealized capital gains (losses) on investments, net of $80 in taxes		—		—		299			299
Change in asset valuation reserve		—		—		(311,~~321~~942	)		(311,~~321~~942	)
Change in surplus in separate accounts		—		—		~~(1,089~~345	)		~~(1,089~~345	)
Change in liability for reinsurance in unauthorized companies		—		—		41,~~217~~362			41,~~217~~362
Change in net deferred income tax		—		—		(~~48,432~~393	)		(~~48,432~~393	)
Change in non-admitted assets:
Deferred federal income tax asset		—		—		48(1,~~676~~287	)		48(1,~~676~~287	)
Deferred premium asset limitation		—		—		13,~~275~~607			13,~~275~~607
Other assets		—		—		(25201	)		(25201	)
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	2,500	$	777,500	$	38,783		$	818,783
Dividends to stockholders		—		—		(118,100	)		(118,100	)
Net income (loss)		—		—		121,810			121,810
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	2,500	$	777,500	$	51,926		$	831,926
Change in net unrealized capital gains (losses) on investments, net of $302 in taxes		—		—		1,137			1,137
Net income (loss)		—		—		61,801			61,801
Change in reserve on account of change in valuation basis		—		—		1,568			1,568
Change in net unrealized capital gains (losses) on investments, net of $796 in taxes		—		—		2,995			2,995
Change in asset valuation reserve		—		—		(813,~~956~~979	)		(813,~~956~~979	)
Change in surplus in separate accounts		—		—		(~~719~~18	)		(~~719~~18	)
Change in liability for reinsurance in unauthorized companies		—		—		~~(11,600~~55	)		~~(11,600~~55	)
Change in net deferred income tax		—		—		~~3,346~~(768	)		~~3,346~~(768	)
Change in non-admitted assets:
Deferred federal income tax asset		—		—		(~~3,418~~394	)		(~~3,418~~394	)
Deferred premium asset limitation		—		—		12,~~304~~341			12,~~304~~341
Other assets		—		—		2919			2919
Dividends to stockholders		—		—		(8160,~~600~~300	)		(8160,~~600~~300	)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	2,500	$	777,500	$	61,657		$	841,657
Balance, December 31, 2024	$	2,500	$	777,500	$	44,578		$	824,578

~~B-6 TC Life Insurance Company Financials~~ See notes to statutory-basis financial statements B-6

Statutory–basis statements of cash flows

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

	For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	~~2021~~2024			~~2020~~2023			~~2019~~2022
CASH FROM OPERATIONS
Insurance and annuity premiums and other considerations	$	~~435~~212,~~901~~879		$	~~370~~216,~~067~~975		$	~~619~~263,~~203~~068
Net investment income		~~362~~440,~~285~~725			~~338~~424,~~936~~010			~~298~~384,~~580~~536
Separate account fees and other revenues		3126,~~658~~314			3025,~~941~~808			4127,~~853~~061
Total Receipts		~~829~~679,~~844~~918			~~739~~666,~~944~~793			~~959~~674,~~636~~665
Policy and contract benefits		~~416~~613,~~205~~809			~~363~~582,~~787~~665			~~375~~403,~~875~~507
Commissions and expenses paid		7675,~~745~~447			8081,~~840~~484			~~167~~77,~~402~~751
Federal income taxes paid		345,~~054~~114			1819,~~764~~761			140,~~047~~213
Net transfers to separate accounts		57,632			43,977			141,797
Net transfers from separate accounts		(220,005	)		(133,946	)		(82,172	)
Total Disbursements		~~584~~474,~~636~~365			~~507~~549,~~368~~964			~~686~~439,~~121~~299
Net cash from operations		~~245~~205,~~208~~553			~~232~~116,~~576~~829			~~273~~235,~~515~~366
CASH FROM INVESTMENTS
Proceeds from long-term investments sold, matured, or repaid:
Bonds		1842,~~222,345~~917			1973,~~131,646~~560			~~874~~2,~~143~~010,817
Net gains on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		411			1220			127
Miscellaneous proceeds		—28,772			~~1,805~~—			155,~~198~~968
Cost of investments acquired:
Bonds		1,~~697~~376,~~286~~493			3784,~~619,359~~515			12,~~626~~907,~~571~~565
Net increase in contract loans		17,~~750~~976			314,~~262~~036			63,~~055~~372
Stocks		8,400			—			—
Miscellaneous applications		—			6,133			—
Miscellaneous applications		7,468			15,339			1
Net cash used in investments		(512,769	)		168,896			(894,125	)
Net cash used in investments		(492,555	)		(2,504,497	)		(743,285	)
CASH FROM FINANCING AND OTHER
Additional paid in capital		—			—			220,000
Net deposits/(withdrawals) on deposit-type contracts funds		226,843			(7,113	)		677,713
Net deposits on deposit-type contracts funds		192,558			2,307,362			353,547
Dividends to stockholders		(60,300	)		(118,100	)		(83,900	)
Dividends to stockholders		(81,600	)		—			—
Other cash provided (applied)		5,577			5,717			(3,306	)
Other cash provided (applied)		19,945			(32,476	)		3,849
Net cash from financing and other		172,120			(119,496	)		590,507
Net cash from financing and other		130,903			2,274,886			577,396
NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS & SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS		(135,096	)		166,229			(68,252	)
NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS & SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS		(116,444	)		2,965			107,626
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS & SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR		263,877			97,648			165,900
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS & SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR		282,344			279,379			171,753
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS & SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS, END OF YEAR	$	128,781		$	263,877		$	97,648
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS & SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS, END OF YEAR	$	165,900		$	282,344		$	279,379

B-7 See notes to statutory-basis financial statements ~~TC Life Insurance Company Financials B-7~~


Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

~~Note~~December ~~1—Organization~~31, ~~and~~2024 ~~Operations~~

~~TIAA-CREF~~Note Life Insurance Company commenced operations as a legal reserve life insurance company under the insurance laws of the State of New York on December 18, 1996, under its former name, TIAA Life Insurance Company, and changed its name to TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company (“TIAA Life” or the “Company”) on May 1,—organization ~~1998. TIAA Life is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Teachers Insurance~~ and ~~Annuity~~operations ~~Association of America (“TIAA” or the “Parent”), a legal reserve life insurance company established under the insurance laws of the State of New York in 1918.~~

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company commenced operations as a stock life insurance company under the insurance laws of the State of New York on December 18, 1996, under its former name, TIAA Life Insurance Company, and changed its name to TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company (“TIAA Life” or the “Company”) on May 1, 1998. TIAA Life is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America (“TIAA” or the “Parent”), a stock life insurance company established under the insurance laws of the State of New York in 1918.

The Company issues non-qualified annuity contracts with fixed and variable components, funding agreements issued directly to states in support of state sponsored 529 college savings and scholarship plans, and single premium immediate annuities.

~~Effective~~The ~~December 31, 2019, the~~ Company no longer manufactures life insurance products for new customers, but continues to offer an existing universal life policy as a permanent life insurance conversion option for owners of TIAA Life term life insurance policies with conversion privileges. The Company continues to service all existing contracts on life insurance products.

Note 2—~~Significant~~significant ~~Accounting~~accounting ~~Policies~~policies

Basis of ~~Presentation~~ presentation:

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on the basis of statutory accounting principles prescribed or permitted by the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS” or the “Department”); a comprehensive basis of accounting that differs from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The Department requires insurance companies domiciled in the State of New York to prepare their statutory-basis financial statements in accordance with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ (“NAIC”) Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual (“NAIC SAP”), subject to any deviation prescribed or permitted by the Department (“New York SAP”).

The table below provides a reconciliation of the Company’s net income and capital and surplus between NAIC SAP and the New York SAP annual statement filed with the Department.

	For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	NAICSAP#		Financial Statement Line	~~Financial Statement Line~~2024		~~2021~~		2023		~~2020~~		2022		~~2019~~
Net income (loss), New York SAP				$	61,802	$	~~121,810~~	$	60,820	$	~~311,519~~	$	146,677	$	~~(207,783~~	)
New York SAP Prescribed Practices that are an increase/(decrease) to NAIC SAP:
Additional Reserves for term conversions	51R	~~51R~~	Increase/(decrease) in policy and contract reserves	~~Increase/(decrease) in policy and contract reserves~~	(560	)	~~(377~~	)	(631	)	~~(638~~	)	19		~~1,381~~
Additional Reserves for Variable Annuities	51R	~~51R~~	Increase/(decrease) in policy and contract reserves	~~Increase/(decrease) in policy and contract reserves~~	(5	)	27		(31	)	—		10		—
Net income (loss), NAIC SAP				$	61,237	$	~~121,460~~	$	60,158	$	~~310,881~~	$	146,706	$	~~(206,402~~	)
Capital and surplus, New York SAP				$	824,578	$	~~841,657~~	$	831,926	$	~~818,783~~	$	897,416	$	~~510,537~~
New York SAP Prescribed Practices that are an increase/(decrease) to NAIC SAP:
Deferred premium asset limitation	51R, 61R	~~51R, 61R~~	Other assets	~~Other assets~~	432		~~669~~		509		~~746~~		589		~~466~~
Separate Account Assets		56		Separate account assets			—				—				6,845
Additional Reserves for term conversions	51R		Reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts		4,927				5,487				6,118
Separate Account Liabilities		56		Separate account liabilities			—				—				(8,414	)
Additional Reserves for Variable Annuities	51R		Reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts		1				6				37
Additional Reserves for term conversions		51R		Reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts			6,099				6,476				7,114
Capital and surplus, NAIC SAP				$	829,938			$	837,928			$	904,160
Additional Reserves for Variable Annuities		51R		Reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts			27				—				—
Capital and surplus, NAIC SAP						$	848,452			$	826,005			$	516,548

The deferred premium asset limitation results from the NYDFS Circular Letter No. 11 (2010), which prescribed the calculation and clarified the accounting for deferred premium assets when reinsurance is involved.

The ~~Stable~~additional ~~Value~~reserve ~~Separate~~for ~~Account~~the ~~(“SVSA”)~~term ~~products~~conversions ~~were~~results ~~accounted~~from ~~for~~the Department atrequiring ~~book~~in ~~value~~Regulation inNo. 147 ~~accordance~~(11 ~~with~~NYCRR ~~New~~98) ~~York~~Valuation ~~Insurance~~of ~~Law~~Life ~~(“NYIL”)~~Insurance Reserves Section ~~1414~~98.4 ~~The separate account liabilities~~ for ~~the~~any ~~benefits~~policy ~~guaranteed~~which ~~under~~guarantees ~~the~~renewal, ~~contracts~~or ~~are~~conversion ~~carried~~to atanother ~~book~~policy, ~~value~~without inevidence ~~accordance~~of ~~with NYIL section 4217~~insurability, ~~NYDFS Regulation~~additional ~~No. 151.~~reserves ~~During~~shall ~~2020,~~be ~~the~~held that ~~contract~~account ~~backed~~for byexcess ~~the~~mortality ~~Stable~~due ~~Value~~to ~~Separate Account~~anti-3selection ~~was~~with ~~terminated,~~appropriate ~~the~~margins ~~market~~to ~~value~~cover ofexpenses ~~the account was distributed, the liabilities were settled~~ and ~~the~~risk ~~account was closed. As~~ of ~~December 31,~~moderately ~~2021~~adverse ~~and~~deviations ~~2020,~~in ~~there were no remaining balances within the SVSA product~~experience.

BThe additional reserve for variable annuities results from the Department prescribing a floor under Regulation No. 213 (11 NYCRR 103), Principle-8Based TCReserving. ~~Life~~Therefore, ~~Insurance~~the Company’s ~~Financials~~reported reserve for variable annuities is the greater of those prescribed under the NAIC Valuation Manual (“VM”) in section VM-21 Requirements for Principle-Based Reserves for Variable Annuities (“VM-21”), and Regulation No. 213.


			B-8

~~The~~Notes additional reserve for the term conversions results from the Department requiring in Regulation No. 147 (11NYCRR 98) Valuation of Life Insurance Reserves Section 98.4 for any policy which guarantees renewal, or conversion to ~~another~~statutory–basis ~~policy,~~financial without evidence of insurability, additional reserves shall be held that account for excess mortality due to antiselection with appropriate margins to cover expenses and risk of moderately adverse deviations in experience. statements

~~The additional reserve for variable annuities results from the Department prescribing a floor under Regulation No. 213 (11 NYCRR 103), Principle~~TIAA-~~Based~~CREF ~~Reserving, effective~~Life ~~December 31,~~Insurance ~~2020. Therefore, the~~ Company’s reported reserve for variable annuities is the greater of those prescribed under the NAIC Valuation Manual (“VM”) in section VM-21 Requirements for Principle-Based Reserves for Variable Annuities (“VM-21”), and Regulation No. 213.

~~The Company’s risk based capital as of~~ December 31, ~~2021~~2024 ~~and 2020 would not have triggered a regulatory event without the use of the New York SAP prescribed practices.~~

The Company’s risk based capital as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 would not have triggered a regulatory event without the use of the New York SAP prescribed practices.

Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States: The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) dictates the accounting principles for financial statements that are prepared in conformity with GAAP with applicable authoritative accounting pronouncements. As a result, the Company cannot refer to financial statements prepared in accordance with NAIC SAP and New York SAP as having been prepared in accordance with GAAP.

The primary differences between GAAP and NAIC SAP can be summarized as follows:

Under GAAP:

• Investments in bonds considered to be “available -for -sale (“AFS”) are carried at fair value rather than at amortized cost under NAIC SAP;

•

Impairments on securities (other than loan-backed and structured securities) due to credit losses are recorded as other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) through earnings for the difference between amortized cost and discounted cash flows when a security is deemed impaired. Other declines in fair value related to factors other than credit are recorded as other comprehensive income, which is a separate component of stockholder’s equity. Under NAIC SAP, an impairment for such securities is recorded through earnings for the difference between amortized cost and fair value;

• For loan-backed and structured securities that are other-than-temporarily impaired, declines in fair value related to factors other than credit are recorded as other comprehensive income, which is a separate component of stockholder’s equity. Under NAIC SAP, ~~such~~non-interest ~~declines~~related inother-than-temporary ~~fair~~impairment ~~value~~losses ~~are~~shall ~~not~~be recorded ~~until~~through athe ~~credit~~asset ~~loss~~valuation ~~occurs~~reserve (“AVR”), while interest related other-than-temporary impairment losses may be recorded through the Interest Maintenance Reserve (“IMR”) in certain circumstances;

•

If in the aggregate, the Company has a net negative cash balance, the negative cash is recorded as a liability rather than as a negative asset under NAIC SAP;

• Changes in the allowance for estimated uncollectible amounts related to mortgage loans are recorded through earnings rather than as unrealized losses on impairments included in the ~~Asset Valuation Reserve (“~~AVR”), which is a component of surplus under NAIC SAP;

•

Changes in the value of certain other invested assets accounted for under the equity method of accounting are recorded through earnings rather than as unrealized gains (losses), which is a component of surplus under NAIC SAP;

•

Investments in wholly-owned subsidiaries, other entities under the control of the parent, and certain variable interest entities are consolidated in the parent’s financial statements rather than being carried at the parent’s share of the underlying GAAP equity or statutory surplus of a domestic insurance subsidiary under NAIC SAP;

•

Contracts that contain an embedded derivative are bifurcated from the host contract and accounted for separately under GAAP, whereas under NAIC SAP, the embedded derivative is not bifurcated between components and is accounted for as part of the host contract;

•

All derivative instruments are carried at fair value under GAAP, whereas under NAIC SAP, certain derivative instruments are carried at amortized cost;

•

Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are generally reported through earnings unless they qualify and are designated for cash flow or net investment hedge accounting, whereas under NAIC SAP, changes in the fair value of derivative instruments not carried at amortized cost are recorded as unrealized capital gains or losses and reported as changes in surplus;

•

Certain assets designated as “non-admitted assets” and excluded from assets in the statutory balance sheet are included in the GAAP balance sheet;

•

Surplus notes are reported as a liability rather than a component of capital and contingency reserves under NAIC SAP;

•

The AVR is not recognized under GAAP. The AVR is established under NAIC SAP with changes recorded as a direct charge to surplus;

• The ~~Interest Maintenance Reserve (“~~IMR”) is not recognized under GAAP. The realized gains and losses resulting from changes in interest rates are reported as a component of net income under GAAP rather than being deferred and subsequently amortized into income over the remaining expected life of the investment sold under NAIC SAP;

TC Life Insurance Company Financials B-9

Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

•

Dividends on participating policies are accrued when earned under GAAP rather than being recognized for the year when they are approved under NAIC SAP;

•

Policy acquisition costs, such as commissions, and other costs incurred in connection with acquiring new business, are deferred and amortized over the expected lives of the policies issued rather than being expensed when incurred under NAIC SAP;

•

Policy and contract reserves are based on management’s best estimates of expected mortality, morbidity, persistency and interest rather than being based on statutory mortality, morbidity and interest requirements under NAIC SAP;


B-9


		continued

•

Deferred income taxes, subject to valuation allowance, include federal and state income taxes and changes in the deferred tax are reflected in earnings. Under NAIC SAP, deferred taxes exclude state income taxes and are admitted to the extent they can be realized within three years subject to a 15% limitation of capital and surplus with changes in the net deferred tax reflected as a component of surplus;

•

Contracts that do not subject the Company to risks arising from policyholder mortality or morbidity are reported as a deposit liability. Under NAIC SAP, an annuity contract containing a life contingency is required to be classified as a life insurance contract, regardless of the significance of any mortality and morbidity risk, and amounts received and paid under these contracts are reported as revenue and benefits, respectively;

•

Assets and liabilities are reported gross of reinsurance under GAAP and net of reinsurance under NAIC SAP. Certain reinsurance transactions are accounted for as financing transactions under GAAP and as reinsurance under NAIC SAP. Transactions recorded as financing have no impact on premiums or losses incurred, while under NAIC SAP, premiums paid to the reinsurer are recorded as ceded premiums (a reduction in revenue) and expected reimbursement for losses from the reinsurer are recorded as a reduction in losses;

•

When reserves ceded to an unauthorized reinsurer exceed the assets or letters of credit supporting the reserves no liability is established under GAAP. Under NAIC SAP, a liability is established and changes to these amounts are credited or charged directly to unassigned surplus (deficit).

The effects of these differences, while not determined, are presumed to be material.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of statutory-basis financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Management is also required to disclose contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

The most significant estimates include those used in the recognition of OTTIs, reserves for life and health insurance, annuities and deposit-type contracts and the valuation of deferred tax assets.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and subsequent global pandemic began significantly impacting the U.S. and global financial markets and economies during March 2020. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 has created significant uncertainty in the global economy. The duration and extent of COVID-19 over the long-term cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. There have been no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic may have on the Company’s financial performance. The ultimate impact of COVID-19 and the extent to which COVID-19 impacts the Company’s business, results of operations, investments, and cash flows will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has created significant uncertainty in the global financial markets and economies. The duration and extent of this uncertainty and the related impact over the long-term cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. While not currently expected to be material, TIAA Life will continue to monitor the impact on the Company’s business, results of operations, investments, and cash flows.

Reclassifications: Certain prior year amounts within these financial statement footnotes have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. No reclassifications were made to the Statements of Admitted Assets, Liabilities, and Capital and Surplus and the related Statements of Operations, Changes in Capital and Surplus, and Cash Flows.

Accounting ~~Policies~~policies:

The following is a summary of the significant accounting policies followed by the Company:

Bonds: Bonds are stated at amortized cost using the constant yield method. Bonds in or near default (rated NAIC 6) are stated at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. NAIC ratings are applied to bonds and other securities. Categories 1 and 2 are considered investment grade, while Categories 3 through 6 are considered below investment grade. Bonds are recorded on a trade date basis, except for private placement bonds, which are recorded on the funding date. Bonds the Company intends to sell prior to maturity (“held for sale”) are stated at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

Included within bonds are loan-backed and structured securities. Estimated future cash flows and expected prepayment speeds are used to determine the amortization of loan-backed and structured securities under the prospective method. Expected future cash flows and prepayment speeds are evaluated quarterly. Certain loan-backed and structured securities are reported at the lower of amortized cost or fair value as a result of the NAIC modeling process.

B-10 TC Life Insurance Company Financials

continued

cash flows and prepayment speeds are evaluated quarterly. Certain loan-backed and structured securities are reported at the lower of amortized cost or fair value as a result of the NAIC modeling process.

If it is determined that a decline in the fair value of a bond, excluding loan-backed and structured securities, is other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the bond is written down to fair value and the amount of the write down is accounted for as a realized loss. The new cost basis is not changed for subsequent recoveries in fair value. Future declines in fair value which are determined to be other-than-temporary are recorded as realized losses.

For loan-backed and structured securities which the Company has the intent and ability to hold for a period of time sufficient to recover the amortized cost bases, when an OTTI has occurred because the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, the amount of the OTTI recognized as a realized loss is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, discounted at the loan-backed or structured security’s effective interest rate.

For loan-backed and structured securities, when an OTTI has occurred because the Company intends to sell the security or the Company does not have the intent and ability to retain the security for a period of time sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis, the amount of the OTTI realized is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and fair value at the balance sheet date.


			B-10


Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

December 31, 2024

In periods subsequent to the recognition of an OTTI loss for a loan-backed or structured security, the Company accounts for the other-than-temporarily impaired security as if the security had been purchased on the measurement date of the impairment. The difference between the new amortized cost basis and the cash flows expected to be collected is accreted as interest income in future periods based on prospective changes in cash flow estimates.

Preferred Stocks: Non-perpetual preferred stocks are stated at amortized cost unless they have an NAIC rating designation of 4, 5, or 6, which are stated at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Perpetual and mandatory convertible preferred stocks are carried at fair value. The fair values of preferred stocks are determined using prices provided by independent pricing services or internally developed pricing models and the fair value is capped by any currently effective call price. When it is determined that a decline in fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment is reduced to its fair value and the amount of the reduction is accounted for as a realized loss.

Other Invested Assets: Other invested assets include the Company’s investments in surplus notes, which are stated at amortized cost and receivables for securities. All of the Company’s investments in surplus notes have an NAIC 1 rating designation.

The Company monitors the effects of current and expected market conditions and other factors on these investments to identify and quantify any impairment in value. The Company assesses the investments for potential impairment by performing analysis between the fair value and the cost basis of the investments. The Company evaluates recoverability of the Company’s direct investment to determine if OTTI is warranted. When it is determined that a decline in fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment is reduced to its fair value and the amount of the reduction is accounted for as a realized loss.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash includes cash on deposit and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase and are stated at amortized cost. If in the aggregate, the Company has a net negative cash balance, the negative cash is recorded as a negative asset.

Short-Term Investments: Short-term investments (investments with remaining maturities of one year or less at the time of acquisition, excluding those investments classified as cash equivalents) that are not impaired are stated at amortized cost using the straight line interest method. Short-term investments that are impaired are stated at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

Contract Loans: Contract loans are stated at outstanding principal balances. Interest income accrued on contract loans past due 90 days or more are included in the unpaid balance of the loan. The excess of unpaid contract loan balances over the cash surrender value, if any, is non-admitted and reflected as an adjustment to surplus. Interest income on such contract loans is recorded as earned using the contractually agreed upon interest rate.

Investment Income Due and Accrued: Investment income due is investment income earned and legally due to be paid to the Company at the reporting date. Investment income accrued is investment income earned but not legally due to be paid to the Company until subsequent to the reporting date. The Company writes off amounts deemed uncollectible as a charge against investment income in the period such determination is made. Amounts deemed collectible, but over 90 days past due for any invested asset except mortgage loans in default are non-admitted. Amounts deemed collectible, but over 180 days past due for mortgage loans in default are non-admitted. The Company accrues interest income on impaired loans to the extent it is deemed collectible.

Separate Accounts: Separate Accounts are established in conformity with insurance laws and are maintained for the benefit of separate account contract holders. In accordance with the provisions of the separate account products, some separate account assets are considered legally insulated, which prevents such assets from being generally available to satisfy claims resulting from the ~~general~~General ~~account~~Account. The Company’s separate accounts are legally insulated from the ~~general~~General ~~account~~Account with the exception of the Separate Account MVA-1, which is not legally insulated. Separate account assets are accounted for at fair value. Separate account liabilities reflect the contractual obligations of the insurer arising out of the provisions of the insurance contract.

TC Life Insurance Company Financials B-11

Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

Separate Account MVA-1, which is not legally insulated. Separate account assets are accounted for at fair value, except the SVSA which supported book value separate account agreements, in which case the assets were accounted for at amortized cost in accordance with NYDFS guidance. Separate account liabilities reflect the contractual obligations of the insurer arising out of the provisions of the insurance contract.

Non-Admitted Assets: For statutory accounting purposes, certain assets are designated as non-admitted assets. Changes in non-admitted assets are reported as a direct adjustment to surplus in the accompanying Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus.

At December 31, the major categories of assets that are non-admitted are as follows (in thousands):

	2021		2020		Change
	2024		2023		Change
Net deferred tax assets	$	3435,~~405~~738	$	3035,~~987~~344	$	~~3,418~~394
Deferred premium assets		3323,~~924~~944		3526,~~228~~285		(12,~~304~~341	)
Sundry receivables		242		26921		(2919	)
Total	$	6859,~~353~~684	$	6662,~~241~~550	$	(2,~~112~~866	)


B-11


		continued

Insurance and Annuity Premiums: Life insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the premium-paying period of the related policies. Annuity considerations are recognized as revenue when received. Deposits on deposit-type contracts are recorded directly as a liability when received. Expenses incurred when acquiring new business are charged to operations as incurred.

Reserves for Life and Health Insurance, Annuities and Deposit-type Contracts: Policy and contract reserves are determined in accordance with standard valuation methods approved by the Department and are computed in accordance with standard actuarial methodology. The reserves established utilize assumptions for interest, mortality and other risks insured. Such reserves are established to provide for adequate contractual benefits guaranteed under policy and contract provisions.

Liabilities for deposit-type contracts, which do not contain any life contingencies, are equal to deposits received and interest credited to the benefit of contract holders, less surrenders or withdrawals (that represent a return to the contract holders) plus additional reserves (if any) necessitated by actuarial guidelines and statutory regulations. The Company’s funding agreements that are issued directly to states in support of state sponsored 529 college savings and scholarship plans do not contain life contingencies and are accounted for as deposit-type contracts.

Reinsurance: The Company enters into reinsurance agreements in the normal course of its insurance business to reduce overall risk. The Company remains liable for reinsurance ceded if the reinsurer fails to meet its obligation on the business assumed. All reinsurance is placed with unaffiliated reinsurers. A liability is established for reserves ceded to unauthorized reinsurers which are not secured by or in excess of letters of credit or trust agreements. The Company does not have reinsurance agreements in effect under which the reinsurer may unilaterally cancel the agreement. Reinsurance premiums, benefits and reserves are accounted for on bases consistent with those used in accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. The Company records a receivable for reinsured benefits paid but not yet reimbursed by the reinsurer and reduces ~~policyholder~~policyholders’s reserves for the portion of insurance liabilities that are reinsured. Commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded are reported as income in the summary of operations, and the balance sheet provision for due and accrued amounts is reported as an asset. Amounts shown in the financial statements are reported net of the impact of reinsurance.

Asset Valuation Reserve and Interest Maintenance Reserve: Mandatory reserves have been established for the General Account and Separate Account investments, where required. Such reserves consist of the AVR for potential credit-related losses on applicable General Account and Separate Account invested assets. Changes to the AVR are reported as direct additions to or deductions from surplus. An IMR is established for interest-related realized capital gains (losses) resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates for the General Account, as well as any Separate Accounts not carried at fair value. Transfers to the IMR are deducted from realized capital gains and losses and are net of related federal income tax. IMR amortization, as calculated under the grouped method, is included in net investment income. Net realized capital gains (losses) are presented net of federal income tax expense or benefit and IMR transfer.

Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses): Realized capital gains (losses), net of taxes, exclude gains (losses) deferred into the IMR and gains (losses) of the separate accounts. Realized capital gains (losses), including OTTI, are recognized in net income and are determined using the specific identification method.

Federal Income Taxes: Current federal income taxes are charged or credited based upon amounts estimated to be payable or recoverable as a result of operations for the current year and any adjustments to such estimates from ~~prior~~ prior years. Deferred federal income tax assets (“DTAs”) and deferred federal income tax liabilities (“DTLs”) are recognized for expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between statutory and taxable income. ~~Temporary~~ Temporary differences are identified and measured using a balance sheet approach whereby statutory and tax balance sheets are compared. Changes in DTAs and DTLs are recognized as a separate component of surplus except for net deferred taxes related to the unrealized appreciation or depreciation on investments, which are included in the change in unrealized capital gains (losses) on investments. Net DTAs are admitted to the extent permissible. Gross DTAs are reduced by a statutory valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the gross DTA will not be realized. The Company is required to establish a tax loss contingency if it is more likely than not that a tax position will not be sustained. The amount of the contingency reserve is management’s best estimate of the amount of the original tax benefit that could be reversed upon audit, unless the best estimate is greater than 50% of the original tax benefit, in which case the reserve is equal to the entire tax benefit.

B-12 TC Life Insurance Company Financials

continued

are recognized as a separate component of surplus except for net deferred taxes related to the unrealized appreciation or depreciation on investments, which are included in the change in unrealized capital gains (losses) on investments. Net DTAs are admitted to the extent permissible. Gross DTAs are reduced by a statutory valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the gross DTA will not be realized. The Company is required to establish a tax loss contingency if it is more likely than not that a tax position will not be sustained. The amount of the contingency reserve is management’s best estimate of the amount of the original tax benefit that could be reversed upon audit, unless the best estimate is greater than 50% of the original tax benefit, in which case the reserve is equal to the entire tax benefit.

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return with its parent, TIAA, and its subsidiaries. The consolidating companies participate in tax allocation agreements. The tax allocation agreements provide that each member of the group is allocated its share of the consolidated tax provision or benefit, determined generally on a separate company basis, but may, where applicable, recognize the tax benefits of net operating losses or capital losses utilizable by the consolidated group. Intercompany tax balances are settled quarterly on an estimated basis with a final settlement occurring within 30 days of the filing of the consolidated return.

Statements of Cash Flows: Noncash activities are excluded from the Statutory—Basis Statements of Cash Flows. These noncash activities for the years ended December 31, include the following (in thousands): B-12

	2021		2020		2019
Exchange/restructure/transfer of bond investments	$	58,809	$	213,446	$	148,047
Capitalized interest on bonds	$	2,682	$	2,877	$	2,461
Interest credited on deposit-type contracts	$	89,488	$	112,220	$	83,808
Deposits of bond investments on deposit-type contracts	$	783,824	$	—	$	—

Application of New Accounting Pronouncements:

In July 2020, the NAIC adopted modifications to SSAP No. 32, Preferred Stock, effective January 1, 2021. The modifications define carrying value of redeemable preferred stock as amortized cost for NAIC 1-3 designations, the lower of amortized cost or fair value for NAIC 4-6 designations, and fair value for perpetual and mandatory convertible preferred stock, with the fair value capped by any currently effective call price. All preferred stock held by the Company is classified as perpetual preferred stock. The Company adopted this guidance and the adoption did not have a material impact to its statutory-basis financial statements.

In May 2021, the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP No. 103R, Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities. The revisions incorporate additional disclosure elements and a data-capture template for certain disclosures in SSAP No. 103R. The Company adopted this guidance and the adoption did not have a material impact to its statutory-basis financial statements.

In August 2021, the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP No. 32R, Preferred Stock. The revision clarifies that the “effective call price” valuation limitation, for all instruments within the scope of the standard, shall only apply if the call is currently exercisable by the issuer or if the issuer has announced that the instrument will be redeemed or called. The Company adopted this guidance and the adoption did not have a material impact to its statutory-basis financial statements.

Note 3—Long-Term Bonds

The book/adjusted carrying value, estimated fair value, excess of fair value over book/adjusted carrying value and excess of book/adjusted carrying value over fair value of long-term bonds at December 31, are shown below (in thousands):

	Excess of
2021	Book/AdjustedCarryingValue		Fair Value OverBook/AdjustedCarrying Value		Book/AdjustedCarrying ValueOver Fair Value			EstimatedFair Value
Bonds:
U.S. governments	$	222,553	$	4,941	$	(1,550	)	$	225,944
All other governments		57,755		4,116		—			61,871
States, territories & possessions		29,754		2,629		—			32,383
Political subdivisions of states, territories, & possessions		37,235		1,256		(6	)		38,485
Special revenue & special assessment, non-guaranteed agencies & government		1,002,809		40,094		(3,946	)		1,038,957
Industrial & miscellaneous		11,074,022		771,448		(88,212	)		11,757,258
Hybrids		13,725		395		—			14,120
Total	$	12,437,853	$	824,879	$	(93,714	)	$	13,169,018

TC Life Insurance Company Financials B-13


Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

	Excess of
2020	Book/AdjustedCarryingValue		Fair Value OverBook/AdjustedCarrying Value		Book/AdjustedCarrying ValueOver Fair Value			EstimatedFair Value
Bonds:
U.S. governments	$	253,013	$	10,724	$	—		$	263,737
All other governments		64,257		6,693		—			70,950
States, territories & possessions		29,742		3,119		—			32,861
Political subdivisions of states, territories, & possessions		8,207		1,301		—			9,508
Special revenue & special assessment, non-guaranteed agencies & government		1,048,484		60,616		(359	)		1,108,741
Industrial & miscellaneous		9,750,877		1,232,018		(2,400	)		10,980,495
Hybrids		13,725		999		—			14,724
Total	$	11,168,305	$	1,315,470	$	(2,759	)	$	12,481,016

December 31, 2024

~~Impairment~~Statements Review Process: All securities are subjected to the Company_s process for identifying OTTI. The Company writes down securities that it deems to have an OTTI in value in the period that the securities are deemed to be impaired, based on management’s case-by-case evaluation of ~~the~~Cash ~~decline in value and prospects for recovery. Management considers a wide range of factors in the impairment evaluation process, including, but not limited to, the following~~Flows: ~~(a) the~~Noncash ~~length~~activities ~~of time the fair value has been below amortized cost; (b) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; (c) whether the~~are ~~debtor~~excluded isfrom ~~current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments; (d)~~ the ~~intent~~Statutory—Basis ~~and~~Statements ~~ability~~ of ~~the~~Cash ~~Company~~Flows. toThese ~~retain~~noncash ~~the~~activities ~~investment~~ for athe ~~period~~years ofended ~~time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value or repayment; (e)~~December ~~information obtained from regulators~~31, ~~ratings~~include ~~agencies and various public sources; (f)~~ the ~~potential~~following ~~for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector;~~ (~~g) the potential for impairments~~ in ~~certain economically-depressed geographic locations; and (h~~thousands) ~~the~~: potential for impairment based on an estimated discounted cash flow analysis for loan-backed and structured securities. Where impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary, the Company recognizes a realized loss and adjusts the cost basis of the security accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis for subsequent recoveries in value.

Unrealized Losses on Bonds: The gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values for bonds by the length of time that individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position are shown in the table below (in thousands):


	2024		2023		2022

Exchange/restructure/transfer of bond investments	$	38,061	$	120,845	$	152,152

Capitalized interest on bonds	$	2,396	$	2,625	$	2,796

Interest credited on deposit-type contracts	$	266,774	$	230,650	$	97,992

	Less than twelve months							Twelve months or more
	AmortizedCost		GrossUnrealized Loss			EstimatedFair Value		AmortizedCost		GrossUnrealizedLoss			EstimatedFair Value
December 31, 2021
All other bonds	$	2,903,178	$	(73,467	)	$	2,829,711	$	193,827	$	(10,342	)	$	183,485
Loaned-backed and structured bonds		693,825		(9,304	)		684,521		17,991		(601	)		17,390
Total	$	3,597,003	$	(82,771	)	$	3,514,232	$	211,818	$	(10,943	)	$	200,875
	Less than twelve months							Twelve months or more
	AmortizedCost		Gross UnrealizedLoss			EstimatedFair Value		AmortizedCost		Gross UnrealizedLoss			EstimatedFair Value
December 31, 2020
All other bonds	$	188,714	$	(2,083	)	$	186,631	$	2,508	$	(513	)	$	1,995
Loaned-backed and structured bonds		57,137		(151	)		56,986		423		(13	)		410
Total	$	245,851	$	(2,234	)	$	243,617	$	2,931	$	(526	)	$	2,405

Application of new accounting pronouncements:

~~Based~~Recently ~~upon~~issued ~~the~~accounting ~~Company’s~~pronouncements: current evaluation of these securities in accordance with its impairment policy, the Company has concluded that these securities are not other-than-temporarily impaired. Additionally, the Company currently intends and has the ability to hold the securities with unrealized losses for a period of time sufficient for them to recover.

~~B-14~~In TCMarch ~~Life~~2024, ~~Insurance~~the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP 21R, Other Admitted Assets, to prescribe the accounting guidance (measurement method) for all residual interests regardless of legal form. Upon adoption, residual interests will be reported initially at cost. Subsequent to initial acquisition, residuals will be reported either 1) at the lower of amortized cost or fair value under the Allowable Earned Yield method, or 2) using the calculated practical expedient method. The Allowable Earned Yield method is based on a discounted cash flow methodology and allows for cash receipts to be recorded as investment income up to the calculated allowable yield, with the excess cash flow applied to the amortized cost balance. The practical expedient is a cost recovery method, resulting in no interest income recognition until the residual interest has a carrying value of zero. This guidance is effective January 1, 2025. The Company ~~Financials~~is still evaluating the impact of adoption; however, it is not currently expected to have a material impact on the financial statements.

In September 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP 26, Bonds. The revisions permit debt securities issued by non-registered funds to qualify as issuer credit obligations (“ICO”) if the funds are functioning as operating entities and are not issuing securities for the primary purpose of raising debt capital. Companies are required to assess the purpose of a fund borrower/issuer in applying this guidance and distinguish whether a fund represents an operating entity or a securitization vehicle. The revisions are effective on January 1, 2025. The Company is still evaluating the impact of adoption; however, it is not currently expected to have a material impact on the financial statements.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements:

In February 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP 21R, Other Admitted Assets, to expand Schedule BA disclosures made with respect to collateral loans. Upon adoption, collateral loans shall be reported on Schedule BA based on the type of qualifying investment that secures the loan. Additionally, the total amount of collateral loans and the collateral loans admitted and non-admitted will be disclosed by qualifying investment type in a note. The revised disclosures were effective for year-end 2024 and did not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In March 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to the Annual Statement Instructions. These revisions clarify that realized and unrealized changes in perpetual preferred stock and mandatory convertible preferred stock shall be subject to the AVR (instead of IMR). These revisions were effective for year-end 2024 and did not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Note 3—long-term bonds


	2024
			Excess of
	Book/ Adjusted Carrying Value		Fair Value Over Book/Adjusted Carrying Value		Book/Adjusted Carrying Value Over Fair Value			Estimated Fair Value

Bonds:

U.S. governments	$	94,130	$	84	$	(10,354	)	$	83,860

All other governments		132,111		123		(2,530	)		129,704

States, territories & possessions		69,128		54		(2,880	)		66,302

Political subdivisions of states, territories, & possessions		109,767		13		(11,484	)		98,296

Special revenue & special assessment, non-guaranteed agencies & government		1,101,724		430		(147,711	)		954,443

Industrial & miscellaneous		12,176,017		24,138		(1,197,547	)		11,002,608

Total	$	13,682,877	$	24,842	$	(1,372,506	)	$	12,335,213


B-13


		continued

Scheduled Maturities of Bonds: The carrying value and estimated fair value of bonds, categorized by contractual maturity, are shown below. Bonds not due at a single maturity date have been included in the following table based on the year of final maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are shown separately in the table below, as they are not due at a single maturity date (in thousands):


	2023
			Excess of
	Book/ Adjusted Carrying Value		Fair Value Over Book/Adjusted Carrying Value		Book/Adjusted Carrying Value Over Fair Value			Estimated Fair Value

Bonds:

U.S. governments	$	109,902	$	76	$	(11,569	)	$	98,409

All other governments		89,759		283		(2,211	)		87,831

States, territories & possessions		74,833		383		(1,479	)		73,737

Political subdivisions of states, territories, & possessions		109,479		201		(10,238	)		99,442

Special revenue & special assessment, non-guaranteed agencies & government		1,122,560		1,520		(134,553	)		989,527

Industrial & miscellaneous		11,630,609		43,910		(1,149,680	)		10,524,839

Total	$	13,137,142	$	46,373	$	(1,309,730	)	$	11,873,785

	December 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
	CarryingValue		EstimatedFair Value		CarryingValue		EstimatedFair Value
Due in one year or less	$	279,304	$	282,418	$	439,183	$	444,456
Due after one year through five years		2,411,036		2,485,399		2,035,808		2,156,250
Due after five years through ten years		4,593,916		4,703,519		3,783,398		4,170,798
Due after ten years		3,565,037		4,084,119		3,364,536		4,091,381
Subtotal		10,849,293		11,555,455		9,622,925		10,862,885
Residential mortgage-backed securities		533,789		543,587		730,155		756,566
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		602,818		611,716		326,225		353,638
Asset-backed securities		451,953		458,260		489,000		507,927
Subtotal		1,588,560		1,613,563		1,545,380		1,618,131
Total	$	12,437,853	$	13,169,018	$	11,168,305	$	12,481,016

Impairment Review Process: All securities are subjected to the Company’s process for identifying OTTI. The Company writes down securities that it deems to have an OTTI in value in the period that the securities are deemed to be impaired, based on management’s case-by-case evaluation of the decline in value and prospects for recovery. Management considers a wide range of factors in the impairment evaluation process, including, but not limited to, the following: (a) the length of time the fair value has been below amortized cost; (b) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; (c) whether the debtor is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments; (d) the intent and ability of the Company to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value or repayment; (e) information obtained from regulators, ratings agencies and various public sources; (f) the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; (g) the potential for impairments in certain economically-depressed geographic locations; and (h) the potential for impairment based on an estimated discounted cash flow analysis for loan-backed and structured securities. Where impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary, the Company recognizes a realized loss and adjusts the cost basis of the security accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis for subsequent recoveries in value.


	Less than twelve months							Twelve months or more
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value

December 31, 2024

All other bonds	$	1,468,490	$	(36,528	)	$	1,431,962	$	9,557,182	$	(1,177,195	)	$	8,379,987

Loaned-backed and structured bonds		200,963		(2,501	)		198,462		1,279,394		(156,283	)		1,123,111

Total	$	1,669,453	$	(39,029	)	$	1,630,424	$	10,836,576	$	(1,333,478	)	$	9,503,098





	Less than twelve months							Twelve months or more
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Loss			Estimated Fair Value

December 31, 2023

All other bonds	$	216,957	$	(6,820	)	$	210,137	$	10,133,840	$	(1,122,655	)	$	9,011,185

Loaned-backed and structured bonds		21,676		(471	)		21,205		1,412,665		(179,784	)		1,232,881

Total	$	238,633	$	(7,291	)	$	231,342	$	11,546,505	$	(1,302,439	)	$	10,244,066

Estimated fair values for bonds are subject to market fluctuations, including changes in interest rates. Generally, if interest rates increase, the value of bonds will decrease, and conversely a decline in general interest rates will tend to increase the value of bonds. As of December 31, 2024, 99.9% of unrealized losses were from investment grade bonds. Based upon the Company’s current evaluation of these securities in accordance with its impairment policy, the Company has concluded that these securities are not other-than-temporarily impaired. Additionally, the Company currently intends and has the ability to hold the securities with unrealized losses for a period of time sufficient for them to recover.


			B-14


Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

December 31, 2024

maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are shown separately in the table below, as they are not due at a single maturity date (in thousands):


	December 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value

Due in one year or less	$	558,547	$	553,838	$	249,044	$	246,233

Due after one year through five years		4,052,054		3,928,659		3,221,609		3,071,351

Due after five years through ten years		3,896,887		3,452,114		4,479,762		4,025,555

Due after ten years		3,438,869		2,819,983		3,607,444		3,129,452

Subtotal		11,946,357		10,754,594		11,557,859		10,472,591

Residential mortgage-backed securities		445,656		393,287		491,665		439,790

Commercial mortgage-backed securities		910,791		823,128		746,466		641,442

Asset-backed securities		380,073		364,204		341,152		319,963

Subtotal		1,736,520		1,580,619		1,579,283		1,401,195

Total	$	13,682,877	$	12,335,213	$	13,137,142	$	11,873,786

The following table presents the carrying value of the long-term bond portfolio by investment grade as of December 31, (in thousands):

	2021				2020
	2024				2023
NAIC 1 and 2	$	1213,~~437~~549,~~567~~506	~~100~~99.0	%	$	1113,~~162~~069,~~826~~532	~~100~~99.05	%
NAIC 3 through 6		~~286~~133,371	01.0			567,~~479~~610	0.05
Total	$	1213,~~437~~682,~~853~~877	100.0	%	$	1113,~~168~~137,~~305~~142	100.0	%

Bond Diversification: The carrying values of long-term bond investments were diversified by the following classification at December 31, as follows:

	2021			2020
	2024			2023
Finance and financial services		2724.6	%		24.84	%
Manufacturing		1615.70	%		1815.03	%
Public utilities		12.3	%		12.4	%
Public Utilities		11.0			11.2
Real estate investment trusts		5.2	%		4.9	%
Services		8.3			8.3
Services		5.1	%		5.1	%
Revenue and special obligations		7.3			7.7
Revenue and special obligations		5.0	%		4.2	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		6.7			5.7
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		4.9	%		2.9	%
Real estate investment trusts		4.9			5.3
Residential mortgage-backed securities		4.3	%		6.6	%
Oil and gas		5.2			4.8
Oil and gas		3.9	%		4.6	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities		3.3			3.7
Asset-backed securities		3.6	%		4.4	%
Communications		3.5			3.2
Communications		3.4	%		3.4	%
Retail & Wholesale Trade		3.1			3.2
Transportation		32.16	%		32.57	%
Retail & wholesale trade		2.7	%		2.9	%
Asset-backed securities		2.8			2.6
U.S. governments		0.9	%		1.2	%
Other governments		0.6			0.7
Mining		0.56	%		0.56	%
Other governments		0.5	%		0.6	%
U.S. governments		0.2			0.3
Other		0.3	%		—0.3	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%

Loan-backed and Structured Securities: The near-term prepayment assumptions for loan-backed and structured securities are based on historical averages drawing from performance experience for a particular transaction and may vary by security type. The long-term assumptions are adjusted based on expected performance.

~~TC Life Insurance Company Financials~~ B-15

~~Notes to statutory–basis financial statements~~continued

~~TIAA-CREF~~Note ~~Life~~4—investment ~~Insurance~~income ~~Company~~and capital gains and losses

Note 4—Investment Income and Capital Gains and Losses

Net Investment Income: The components of net investment income for the years ended December 31, are as follows (in thousands):

2021

2020

2019

2024

2023

2022

Bonds

~~368~~459,~~507~~259

~~360~~439,~~856~~192

~~313~~406,~~669~~788

Stocks

~~180~~357

—357

Other invested assets

~~338~~333

~~339~~335

~~340~~336

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

264,937

~~416~~2,578

~~1,167~~606

Contract loans

2,~~017~~976

12,~~921~~567

12,~~700~~115

Total gross investment income

~~371~~467,~~068~~862

~~363~~445,~~532~~029

~~316~~410,~~876~~202

Investment expenses

(1311,~~297~~180

)

(12,~~287~~172

)

(1211,~~069~~984

)

Net investment income before amortization/(accretion) of IMR

~~357~~456,~~771~~682

~~351~~432,~~245~~857

~~304~~398,~~807~~218

Amortization/(accretion) of IMR

~~4,843~~(321

)

2,~~519~~938

16,~~301~~267

Net investment income

~~362~~456,~~614~~361

~~353~~435,~~764~~795

~~306~~404,~~108~~485

The gross, nonadmitted and admitted amounts for interest income due and accrued for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):


Interest Income Due and Accrued	2024		2023

Gross	$	109,830	$	103,762

Nonadmitted		—		—

Total Admitted	$	109,830	$	103,762

Realized Capital Gains and Losses: The net realized capital gains (losses) on sales, redemptions of investments and write-downs due to OTTI for the years ended December 31, are as follows (in thousands):

	2021			2020			2019
	2024			2023			2022
Bonds	$	142,~~835~~244		$	17(35,~~576~~025	)	$	~~(279~~17,455	)
Cash, cash equivalent and short-term investments		411			1220			127
Total before capital gain (loss) tax and transfers to IMR, net of taxes		142,~~839~~255			17(35,~~588~~005	)		~~(278~~17,482	)
Transfers to IMR, net of taxes		(111,~~658~~829	)		~~(18~~27,~~699~~660	)		(613,~~292~~848	)
Capital gain/loss tax benefit (expense)		~~(4,274~~114	)		(37,~~610~~821	)		(24,~~801~~476	)
Net realized capital gains (losses) less capital gains tax, after transfers to IMR	$	~~(1,093~~540	)	$	~~(4,721~~476	)	$	(~~9,371~~842	)

Write-downs of investments resulting from OTTI, included in the preceding table, are as follows for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

	2021		2020		2019
	2024		2023		2022
Other-than-temporary impairments:
Bonds	$	1,~~048~~431	$	~~916~~2,954	$	92,~~477~~713

Information related to the sales of long term bonds for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in thousands):

	2021		2020		2019
	2024		2023		2022
Proceeds from sales	$	~~272~~422,~~978~~888	$	~~424~~353,~~785~~109	$	~~219~~1,~~451~~479,024
Gross gains on sales	$	96,~~640~~623	$	~~19,345~~645	$	527,~~466~~902
Gross losses on sales	$	~~596~~3,141	$	826,~~885~~235	$	14,~~362~~130

The Company generally holds its investments until maturity. The Company performs periodic reviews of its portfolio to identify investments which may have deteriorated in credit quality to determine if any are candidates for sale in order to maintain a quality portfolio of investments. Investments which are deemed candidates for sale are continually monitored until sold and carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. In accordance with the Company’s valuation and impairment process the investment will be monitored quarterly for further declines in fair value at which point an OTTI will be recorded until actual disposal of the investment.

~~Note 5—Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments~~ B-16

FairTable Value of Financial Instruments Contents


Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

December 31, 2024

Note 5—disclosures about fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments

Included in the Company’s financial statements are certain financial instruments carried at fair value. Other financial instruments are periodically measured at fair value, such as when impaired, or for certain bonds and preferred stock when carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

B-16 TC Life Insurance Company Financials

continued

Fair values of financial instruments are based on quoted market prices when available. When market prices are not available, fair values are primarily provided by a third party-pricing service for identical or comparable assets, or through the use of valuation methodologies using observable market inputs. These fair values are generally estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, incorporating current market inputs for similar financial instruments with comparable terms and credit quality. In instances where there is little or no market activity for the same or similar instruments, the Company estimates fair value using methods, models and assumptions that management believes market participants would use to determine a current transaction price in a hypothetical market. These valuation techniques involve management estimation and judgment for many factors including market bid/ask spreads, and such estimations may become significant with increasingly complex instruments or pricing models.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities have been classified, for disclosure purposes, based on a hierarchy defined by SSAP No. 100R, Fair Value Measurements. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The hierarchy gives the highest ranking to fair values determined using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to fair values determined using methodologies and models with unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset’s or a liability’s classification is based on the lowest level input that is significant to its measurement. For example, a Level 3 fair value measurement may include inputs that are both observable (Levels 1 and Level 2) and unobservable (Level 3). The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2—Other than quoted prices within Level 1 inputs are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 2 inputs include:

•

Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets,

•

Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active,

•

Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability,

•

Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3—Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability supported by little or no market activity. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company’s data used to develop unobservable inputs is adjusted if information is reasonably available without undue cost and effort that indicates that market participants would use different assumptions.

The following table provides information about the aggregate fair value for all financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy, with no fair values approximated by net asset value (“NAV”), at December 31, ~~2021~~2024 (in thousands):

	Aggregate Fair Value		~~StatementValue~~Statement Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Bonds	$	1312,~~169~~335,~~018~~213	$	1213,~~437~~682,~~853~~877	$	—	$	1312,~~161~~331,~~446~~540	$	73,~~572~~673
Preferred stock		10,~~022~~436		1013,~~022~~547		15,~~320~~147		85,~~702~~289		—
Other invested assets		54,~~624~~647		4,~~645~~569		—		54,~~624~~647		—
Separate account assets		4,~~806~~788,~~546~~915		4,~~806~~788,~~546~~915		4,~~786~~763,~~724~~074		1925,~~822~~841		—
Contract loans		4470,~~839~~223		4470,~~839~~223		—		—		4470,~~839~~223
Cash, cash equivalent & short term investments		~~165~~128,~~900~~811		~~165~~128,~~900~~781		—11,062		~~165~~117,~~900~~749		—
Total	$	1817,~~201~~338,~~949~~245	$	1718,~~469~~688,~~805~~912	$	4,~~788~~779,~~044~~283	$	1312,~~361~~485,~~494~~066	$	5273,~~411~~896
	Aggregate Fair Value		StatementValue		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities:
Deposit-type contracts	$	8,026,651	$	8,026,651	$	—	$	—	$	8,026,651
Separate account liabilities		4,795,122		4,795,122		—		—		4,795,122
Total	$	12,821,773	$	12,821,773	$	—	$	—	$	12,821,773

~~TC Life Insurance Company Financials~~ B-17

~~Notes to statutory–basis financial statements~~continued

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company


	Aggregate Fair Value		Statement Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Liabilities:

Deposit-type contracts	$	9,518,197	$	9,518,197	$	—	$	—	$	9,518,197

Separate account liabilities		4,775,413		4,775,413		—		—		4,775,413

Total	$	14,293,610	$	14,293,610	$	—	$	—	$	14,293,610

AggregateFair Value

Statement Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Aggregate Fair Value

Statement Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Assets:

Bonds

1211,~~481~~873,~~016~~785

1113,~~168~~137,~~305~~142

—

1211,~~469~~869,~~817~~309

114,~~199~~476

Preferred stock

37,~~725~~746

~~183~~9,755

31,~~725~~355

—6,391

—

Other invested assets

64,~~003~~741

4,~~667~~596

—

64,~~003~~741

—

Separate account assets

4,~~106~~465,~~499~~616

4,~~083~~443,~~823~~608

22,~~676~~008

—

Contract loans

4362,~~089~~247

—

4362,~~089~~247

Cash, cash equivalent & short term investments

~~282~~263,~~322~~878

~~282~~263,~~344~~877

~~31,275~~—

~~251~~263,~~047~~878

—

Total

16,~~922~~678,~~654~~013

1517,~~605~~943,~~087~~233

4,~~118~~444,~~823~~963

12,~~749~~166,~~543~~327

5466,~~288~~723

Aggregate FairValue

StatementValue

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Aggregate Fair Value

StatementValue

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Liabilities:

Deposit-type contracts

69,~~961~~024,~~431~~907

—

69,~~961~~024,~~431~~907

Separate account liabilities

4,~~095~~453,~~043~~431

—

4,~~095~~453,~~043~~431

Total

1113,~~056~~478,~~474~~338

—

1113,~~056~~478,~~474~~338

The estimated fair values of the financial instruments presented above were determined by the Company using market information available as of December 31, ~~2021~~2024 and ~~2020~~2023. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data in developing the estimates of fair value for financial instruments for which there are no available market value quotations. The estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Level 1 financial instruments

Unadjusted quoted prices for these securities are provided to the Company by independent pricing services. Preferred stocks and separate account assets in Level 1 primarily include exchange traded equities and mutual fund investments valued by the respective mutual fund companies. Cash in Level 1 represents cash on hand.

Level 2 financial instruments

Bonds in Level 2 are valued principally by third party pricing services using market observable inputs. Because most bonds do not trade daily, independent pricing services regularly derive fair values using recent trades of securities with similar features. When recent trades are not available, pricing models are used to estimate the fair values of securities by discounting future cash flows at estimated market interest rates. Typical inputs to models used by independent pricing services include but are not limited to benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, and industry and economic events. Additionally, for loan-backed and structured securities, valuation is based primarily on market inputs including benchmark yields, expected prepayment speeds, loss severity, delinquency rates, weighted average coupon, weighted average maturity and issuance specific information. Issuance specific information includes collateral type, payment terms of underlying assets, payment priority within the tranche, structure of the security, deal performance and vintage of loans.

Preferred stocks included in Level 2 include those which are traded in an inactive market for which prices for identical securities are not available. Valuations are based principally on observable inputs including quoted prices in markets that are not considered active.


			B-18


Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

December 31, 2024

Other invested assets in Level 2 represent surplus notes and are valued by a third party pricing vendor using primarily observable market inputs. Observable inputs include benchmark yields, reported trades, market dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data.

Separate account assets in Level 2 consist principally of corporate bonds, short term government agency notes and commercial paper.

Cash included in Level 2 consist of outstanding disbursements in excess of cash on hand and are valued based on the carrying value of the outstanding disbursement, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents and short term investments in Level 2 are valued principally by third party services using market observable inputs.

B-18 TC Life Insurance Company Financials

continued

Level 3 financial instruments

Valuation techniques for bonds included in Level 3 are generally the same as those described in Level 2 except that the techniques utilize inputs that are not readily observable in the market, including illiquidity premiums and spread adjustments to reflect industry trends or specific credit-related issues. The Company assesses the significance of unobservable inputs for each security and classifies that security in Level 3 as a result of the significance of unobservable inputs.

Contract loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of underlying insurance policies and are valued based on the carrying value of the loan, which approximates fair value, and are classified as Level 3.

Separate account liabilities are accounted for at fair value, except for deposit-type contracts, and reflect the contractual obligations of the insurer arising out of the provisions of the insurance contract.

Deposit-type contracts are valued based on the accumulated account value, which approximates fair value, and are classified as Level 3.

Assets and ~~Liabilities~~liabilities ~~Measured~~measured and ~~Reported~~reported at ~~Fair~~fair ~~Value~~value

The following table provides information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value, with no fair values approximated by NAV, at December 31 (in thousands):

2021	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets at fair value:
Preferred Stock	$	1,320	$	8,702	$	—	$	10,022
Preferred stock	$	5,147	$	—	$	—	$	5,147
Separate account assets		4,~~786~~763,~~724~~074		1925,~~822~~841		—		4,~~806~~788,~~546~~915
Total assets at fair value	$	4,~~788~~768,~~044~~221	$	2825,~~524~~841	$	—	$	4,~~816~~794,~~568~~062
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets at fair value:
Separate account assets	$	4,083,823	$	22,676	$	—	$	4,106,499
Preferred Stock	$	1,355	$	—	$	—	$	1,355
Total assets at fair value	$	4,083,823	$	22,676	$	—	$	4,106,499
Separate account assets		4,443,608		22,008		—		4,465,616
Total assets at fair value	$	4,444,963	$	22,008	$	—	$	4,466,971
Total liabilities at fair value	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Reconciliation of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value:

At December 31, ~~2021~~2024 and ~~2020~~2023, there are no assets or liabilities measured and reported at fair value using Level 3 inputs. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers into and out of Level 3 at the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

~~Note 6—Restricted Assets~~ B-19

The following table provides information on amounts and the nature of assets pledged to others as collateral or otherwise restricted by the Company as of December 31 (in thousands):

	2021
	1		2		3		4		5		6		7			8		9		10			11
Restricted Asset Category	TotalGeneralAccount(G/A)		G/ASupporting(S/A)Activity		TotalSeparateAccount(S/A)RestrictedAssets		S/AAssetsSupportingG/AActivity		Total(1 plus 3)		Total FromPrior Year		Increase/(Decrease)(5 minus 6)			Total NonadmittedRestricted		TotalAdmittedRestricted(5 minus 8)		Gross(Admitted &Nonadmitted)Restrictedto TotalAssets			AdmittedRestrictedto TotalAdmittedAssets
On deposit with states	$	7,972	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,972	$	8,044	$	(72	)	$	—	$	7,972		0.045	%		0.045	%

TC Life Insurance Company Financials B-19

~~Notes to statutory–basis financial statements~~continued

~~TIAA-CREF~~Note ~~Life~~6—restricted ~~Insurance~~assets ~~Company~~

	2020
	1		2		3		4		5		6		7			8		9		10			11
Restricted Asset Category	TotalGeneralAccount(G/A)		G/ASupporting(S/A)Activity		TotalSeparateAccount(S/A)RestrictedAssets		S/AAssetsSupportingG/AActivity		Total(1 plus 3)		Total FromPrior Year		Increase/(Decrease)(5 minus 6)			Total NonadmittedRestricted		TotalAdmittedRestricted(5 minus 8)		Gross(Admitted &Nonadmitted)Restrictedto TotalAssets			AdmittedRestrictedto TotalAdmittedAssets
On deposit with states	$	8,044	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,044	$	8,112	$	(68	)	$	—	$	8,044		0.051	%		0.051	%

The following table provides information on amounts and the nature of assets pledged to others as collateral or otherwise restricted by the Company as of December 31 (in thousands):

Note 7—Premiums and Annuity Considerations Deferred and Uncollected


	2024
	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10		11
Restricted Asset Category	Total General Account (G/A)		G/A Supporting (S/A) Activity		Total Separate Account (S/A) Restricted Assets		S/A Assets Supporting G/A Activity		Total (1 plus 3)		Total From Prior Year		Increase / (Decrease) (5 minus 6)		Total Non admitted Restricted		Total Admitted Restricted (5 minus 8)		Gross (Admitted & Nonadmitted) Restricted to Total Assets		Admitted Restricted to Total Admitted Assets

On deposit with states	$	3,362	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,362	$	3,300	$	61	$	—	$	3,362		0.018%		0.018%


	2023
	1		2		3		4		5		6		7			8		9		10		11
Restricted Asset Category	Total General Account (G/A)		G/A Supporting (S/A) Activity		Total Separate Account (S/A) Restricted Assets		S/A Assets Supporting G/A Activity		Total (1 plus 3)		Total From Prior Year		Increase / (Decrease) (5 minus 6)			Total Non admitted Restricted		Total Admitted Restricted (5 minus 8)		Gross (Admitted & Nonadmitted) Restricted to Total Assets		Admitted Restricted to Total Admitted Assets

On deposit with states	$	3,300	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,300	$	7,897	$	(4,597	)	$	—	$	3,300		0.018%		0.018%

Note 7—premiums and annuity considerations deferred and uncollected

Premium and annuity considerations deferred and uncollected at December 31 (in thousands):

	2021				2020
	2024				2023
	Gross		Net of Loading		Gross		Net of Loading
Ordinary renewal	$	2117,~~315~~415	$	5642,~~044~~987	$	21,~~452~~083	$	5749,~~093~~620
Total	$	17,415	$	42,987	$	21,083	$	49,620

Deferred premium is the portion of the annual premium not earned at the reporting date. Loading of deferred premium is an amount obtained by subtracting the net deferred premium from the gross deferred premium and generally includes allowances for acquisition costs and other expenses.

Uncollected premium is gross premium that is due and unpaid at the reporting date. Net premium is the amounts used in the calculation of reserves.

Note 8—~~Separate~~separate ~~Accounts~~accounts

The Company utilizes separate accounts to record and account for assets and liabilities for particular lines of business and/or transactions. As of December 31, ~~2021~~2024, the Company reported separate account assets and liabilities for the following products: variable life, variable annuity, fixed annuity, and group life.

The Company’s Separate Account VLI-1 (“VLI-1”) was established under New York law on May 23, 2001, for the purpose of issuing and funding flexible premium variable universal life insurance policies and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“Commission”) as a unit investment trust under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). The assets of this account are carried at fair value.

The Company’s Separate Account VLI-2 (“VLI-2”) was established under New York law on February 15, 2012, for the purpose of issuing and funding group and individual variable life insurance policies and is registered with the Commission as a unit investment trust under the 1940 Act. The assets of this account are carried at fair value.

The Company’s Separate Account VA-1 (“VA-1”) was established under New York law on July 27, 1998, for the purpose of funding individual non-qualified variable annuities and is registered with the Commission as a unit investment trust under the 1940 Act. The assets of this account are carried at fair value.

The Company’s Separate Account MVA-1 (“MVA-1”) was established on July 23, 2008, as a non-unitized Separate Account that supports flexible premium deferred fixed annuity contracts subject to withdrawal charges and a market value adjustment feature. The assets of this account are carried at fair value.

~~The Company’s Stable Value Separate Account~~B-3 (“SVSA-3”) was established on November 13, 2013, as a non-unitized guaranteed separate accounts that supports book value separate account agreement contracts issued to certain externally managed stable value funds. The guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”) backed by the SVSA-3 were terminated effective February 5, 2020. The market value of the account was distributed, and the liabilities were settled. The account was subsequently closed in 2020. The assets of this account were carried at amortized cost. 20

In accordance with the domiciliary state procedures for approving items within the separate account, the separate account classifications of the following items are supported by a specific state statute:

Product Identification	Product Classification	State Statute Reference
TIAA Life VLI -1	Variable life	Section 4240 of the New York Insurance Law
TIAA Life VLI-2	Variable life	Section 4240 of the New York Insurance Law
TIAA Life VA-1	Variable annuity	Section 4240 of the New York Insurance Law
TIAA Life MVA-1	Fixed annuity	Section 4240 of the New York Insurance Law
TIAA Life SVSA-3	Group annuity GIC	Section 4240 (a)(5)(ii) of the New York Insurance Law

B-20 TC Life Insurance Company Financials

~~continued~~Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

~~In accordance~~TIAA-CREF ~~with~~Life ~~the~~Insurance ~~provisions~~Company of the separate account products, some assets are considered legally insulated while others are not legally insulated from the general account. Legal insulation of the separate account assets prevents such assets from being generally available to satisfy claims resulting from the general account.

~~The Company’s Separate Account assets includes both assets legally insulated and not legally insulated from the general account at~~ December 31, as2024 ~~follows (in thousands):~~

	2021				2020
	Separate Account Assets				Separate Account Assets
Product	Legally Insulated		Not LegallyInsulated		Legally Insulated		Not LegallyInsulated
TIAA Life VLI-1	$	458,326	$	—	$	369,281	$	—
TIAA Life VLI-2		282,407		—		237,305		—
TIAA Life VA-1		4,037,260		—		3,469,484		—
TIAA Life MVA-1		—		28,553		—		30,429
Total	$	4,777,993	$	28,553	$	4,076,070	$	30,429

In accordance with the specific rules for products recorded within the separate account, some separate account liabilities are guaranteed by the general account.


Product Identification	Product Classification	State Statute Reference

TIAA Life VLI -1	Variable life	Section 4240 of the New York Insurance Law

TIAA Life VLI-2	Variable life	Section 4240 of the New York Insurance Law

TIAA Life VA-1	Variable annuity	Section 4240 of the New York Insurance Law

TIAA Life MVA-1	Fixed annuity	Section 4240 of the New York Insurance Law

In accordance with the provisions of the separate account products, some assets are considered legally insulated while others are not legally insulated from the General Account. Legal insulation of the separate account assets prevents such assets from being generally available to satisfy claims resulting from the General Account.

The Company’s “Separate account” assets includes both assets legally insulated and not legally insulated from the General Account at December 31, as follows (in thousands):


	2024				2023
	Separate Account Assets				Separate Account Assets
Product	Legally Insulated		Not Legally Insulated		Legally Insulated		Not Legally Insulated

TIAA Life VLI -1	$	545,782	$	—	$	480,535	$	—

TIAA Life VLI-2		315,313		—		274,544		—

TIAA Life VA-1		3,900,272		—		3,682,926		—

TIAA Life MVA-1		—		27,548		—		27,611

Total	$	4,761,367	$	27,548	$	4,438,005	$	27,611

In accordance with the specific rules for products recorded within the separate account, some separate account liabilities are guaranteed by the General Account.

The amount paid for risk charges is not explicit, but rather embedded within the mortality and expense charges. The separate accounts had no reserves for asset default risk that were recorded in lieu of contributions to AVR.

Although the Company owns the assets of these separate accounts, the separate accounts’ income, investment gains and investment losses are credited to or charged against the assets of the separate accounts without regard to the Company’s other income, gains or losses.

Additional information regarding separate accounts of the Company is as follows for the years ended December 31, (in thousands):

	2021
	2024
	Non-indexedGuarantee lessthan/equal to 4%		Non-indexedGuaranteemore than 4%		Non-guaranteedSeparate Accounts		Total
	Non-indexedGuarantee less than/equal to 4%		Non-indexedGuaranteemore than 4%		Non-guaranteedSeparate Accounts		Total
Premiums, considerations or deposits	$	~~116~~1,345	$	—	$	~~318~~145,~~357~~714	$	~~318~~147,~~473~~059
Reserves
For accounts with assets at:
Fair value	$	168,~~693~~481	$	—5,252	$	4,~~775~~761,~~690~~132	$	4,~~792~~774,~~383~~865
Amortized cost		—		—		—		—
Total reserves	$	168,~~693~~481	$	—5,252	$	4,~~775~~761,~~690~~132	$	4,~~792~~774,~~383~~865
By withdrawal characteristics:
Subject to discretionary withdrawal:
With market value adjustment	$	168,~~383~~481	$	—5,252	$	—	$	1613,~~383~~733
At fair value		—		—		4,~~775~~761,~~690~~132		4,~~775~~761,~~690~~132
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal		~~310~~—		—		—		~~310~~—
Total reserves	$	168,~~693~~481	$	—5,252	$	4,~~775~~761,~~690~~132	$	4,~~792~~774,~~383~~865

~~TC Life Insurance Company Financials~~ B-21


		continued


	2023
	Non-indexed Guarantee less than/equal to 4%		Non-indexed Guarantee more than 4%		Non-guaranteed Separate Accounts		Total

Premiums,considerations,ordeposits	$	810	$	—	$	151,027	$	151,837

Reserves

For accounts with assets at:

Fair value	$	12,603	$	2,824	$	4,438,051	$	4,453,478

Amortized cost		—		—		—		—

Total reserves	$	12,603	$	2,824	$	4,438,051	$	4,453,478



By withdrawal characteristics:

Subject to discretionary withdrawal:

With market value adjustment	$	12,103	$	2,824	$	—	$	14,926

At fair value		—		—		4,438,051		4,438,051

Not subject to discretionary withdrawal		500		—		—		500

Total reserves	$	12,603	$	2,824	$	4,438,051	$	4,453,477


	2022
	Non-indexed Guarantee less than/equal to 4%		Non-indexed Guarantee more than 4%		Non-guaranteed Separate Accounts		Total

Premiums, considerations, or deposits	$	259	$	—	$	165,168	$	165,427

Reserves

For accounts with assets at:

Fair value	$	15,101	$	—	$	3,937,593	$	3,952,694

Amortized cost		—		—		—		—

Total reserves	$	15,101	$	—	$	3,937,593	$	3,952,694



By withdrawal characteristics:

Subject to discretionary withdrawal:

With market value adjustment	$	14,751	$	—	$	—	$	14,751

At fair value		—		—		3,937,593		3,937,593

Not subject to discretionary withdrawal		350		—		—		350

Total reserves	$	15,101	$	—	$	3,937,593	$	3,952,694

The following is a reconciliation of transfers to (from) the Company to the Separate Accounts (in thousands):


	2024			2023			2022

Transfers as reported in the Summary of Operations of the separate accounts statement:

Transfers to separate accounts	$	148,282		$	151,074		$	164,515

Transfers from separate accounts		(372,046	)		(284,116	)		(241,408	)

Net transfers to (from) separate accounts		(223,764	)		(133,042	)		(76,893	)


Reconciling adjustments:

Fund transfer exchange gain (loss)		(155	)		127			(381	)

Transfers as reported in the Company’s Statements of Operations	$	(223,919	)	$	(132,915	)	$	(77,274	)

Note 9—related party transactions

The majority of services for the operation of the Company are provided at cost by TIAA pursuant to a Service Agreement. Expense payments under the Service Agreement are made monthly by the Company to TIAA based on TIAA’s costs for providing such services. TIAA’s costs include employee benefit expenses, which are allocated based on salaries attributable to the Company. The Company also pays TIAA for investment advisory services and other administrative services for the Company’s insurance general account in accordance with an Investment Management Agreement. Further, TIAA entered into Investment Management Agreements with Teachers Advisors, LLC (“TAL”) and Nuveen Alternatives Advisors, LLC, each an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary


			B-22


Notes to statutory–basis financial statements

TIAA-CREF Life Insurance Company

	2020
	Non-indexedGuarantee lessthan/equal to 4%		Non-indexedGuaranteemore than 4%		Non-guaranteedSeparate Accounts		Total
Premiums, considerations, or deposits	$	10	$	—	$	245,872	$	245,882
Reserves
For accounts with assets at:
Fair value	$	18,639	$	—	$	4,072,644	$	4,091,283
Amortized cost		—		—		—		—
Total reserves	$	18,639	$	—	$	4,072,644	$	4,091,283
By withdrawal characteristics:
Subject to discretionary withdrawal:
With market value adjustment	$	18,359	$	—	$	—	$	18,359
At fair value		—		—		4,072,644		4,072,644
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal		280		—		—		280
Total reserves	$	18,639	$	—	$	4,072,644	$	4,091,283

December 31, 2024

	2019
	Non-indexedGuarantee lessthan/equal to 4%		Non-indexedGuaranteemore than 4%		Non-guaranteedSeparate Accounts		Total
Premiums, considerations, or deposits	$	1,623	$	—	$	371,445	$	373,068
Reserves
For accounts with assets at:
Fair value	$	21,367	$	—	$	3,587,488	$	3,608,855
Amortized cost		388,268		—		—		388,268
Total reserves	$	409,635	$	—	$	3,587,488	$	3,997,123
By withdrawal characteristics:
Subject to discretionary withdrawal:
With market value adjustment	$	21,247	$	—	$	—	$	21,247
At fair value		388,268		—		3,587,488		3,975,756
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal		120		—		—		120
Total reserves	$	409,635	$	—	$	3,587,488	$	3,997,123

of TIAA, appointing such affiliated advisors with authority to manage investments held within the Company’s general account. The Company made payments to TIAA for the years ended December 31, as follows (in thousands):

The following is a reconciliation of transfers to (from) the Company to the Separate Accounts (in thousands):


	2024		2023		2022

Payments to TIAA

Operating expenses	$	44,797	$	50,057	$	49,846

Investment expenses		10,425		10,674		11,400

Total	$	55,222	$	60,731	$	61,246

	2021			2020			2019
Transfers as reported in the Summary of Operations of the separate accounts statement:
Transfers to separate accounts	$	319,598		$	244,999		$	369,654
Transfers from separate accounts		(259,869	)		(199,564	)		(229,333	)
Net transfers to separate accounts		59,729			45,435			140,321
Reconciling adjustments:
Fund transfer exchange gain (loss)		(852	)		(649	)		(108	)
Transfers as reported in the Company’s Statements of Operations	$	58,877		$	44,786		$	140,213

TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC (“Services”), a subsidiary of TIAA, is authorized to distribute contracts for the Separate Accounts. Expenses associated with the distribution services agreement for the years ended December 31, are as follows (in thousands):

B-22 TC Life Insurance Company Financials


	2024		2023		2022

Payments to Services	$	63	$	535	$	1,441

The Company has a service agreement with TIAA-CREF Tuition Financing, Inc. (“TFI”), a wholly owned subsidiary of TIAA, for management of certain funding agreements related to qualified state tuition programs. Payments associated with this Service Agreement for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in thousands):


	2024		2023		2022

Payments to TFI	$	26,859	$	32,658	$	25,351

The Company has a financial support agreement with TIAA. Under this agreement, TIAA will provide support so that the Company will have the greater of (a) capital and surplus of $250,000 thousand or (b) the amount of capital and surplus necessary to maintain the Company’s capital and surplus at a level not less than 150% of the NAIC Risk Based Capital model or such other amount as necessary to maintain the Company’s financial strength ratings at least the same as TIAA’s rating. This agreement is not an evidence of indebtedness or an obligation or liability of TIAA and does not provide any creditor of the Company with recourse to TIAA. During 2024, 2023, and 2022, there were no contributions from TIAA to the Company.

The Company maintains a $100,000 thousand unsecured 364-day revolving line of credit with TIAA. This line has an expiration date of June 27, 2025. As of December 31, 2024, $75,000 thousand of this facility was maintained on a committed basis and there was no balance outstanding. The Company pays a commitment fee of 8 basis points (“bps”) on the unused portion of the committed facility. The circumstances for withdrawal are industry standard and generally relate to deterioration of credit quality or illegal actions. The Company believes it was in compliance with all applicable financial covenants at December 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2024 or 2023, respectively, the Company has the following as amounts due to Parent and affiliates, which are reported in “Other liabilities” (in thousands):


	2024		2023

Amounts due to Parent and affiliates	$	7,078	$	9,201

Note 10—federal income taxes

The application of SSAP No. 101 Income Taxes requires a company to evaluate the recoverability of DTAs and to establish a valuation allowance if necessary to reduce the DTA to an amount which is more likely than not to be realized. Based on the weight of all available evidence, the Company has not recorded a valuation allowance on DTAs at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.


B-23


		continued

~~Note~~The ~~9—Related~~components ~~Party~~of ~~Transactions~~net DTAs and DTLs at December 31, are as follows (in thousands):

The majority of services for the operation of the Company are provided at cost by TIAA pursuant to a Service Agreement. Expense payments under the Service Agreement are made monthly by the Company to TIAA based on TIAA’s costs for providing such services. TIAA’s costs include employee benefit expenses, which are allocated based on salaries attributable to the Company. The Company also pays TIAA for investment advisory services and other administrative services for the Company’s insurance general account (the “General Account”) in accordance with an Investment Management Agreement. Further, TIAA entered into Investment Management Agreements with Teachers Advisors, LLC (“TAL”) and Nuveen Alternatives Advisors, LLC, each an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of TIAA, appointing such affiliated advisors with authority to manage investments held within the Company’s General Account. The Company made payments to TIAA for the years ended December 31, as follows (in thousands):


	2024						2023						Change
	(1) Ordinary		(2) Capital		(3) (Col 1+2) Total		(4) Ordinary		(5) Capital		(6) (Col 4+5) Total		(7) (Col 1–4) Ordinary			(8) (Col 2–5) Capital			(9) (Col 7+8) Total

a) Gross deferred tax assets	$	47,540	$	3,855	$	51,395	$	48,491	$	4,374	$	52,865	$	(951	)	$	(519	)	$	(1,470	)

b) Statutory valuation allowance adjustments		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—			—

c) Adjusted gross deferred tax assets (a–b)		47,540		3,855		51,395		48,491		4,374		52,865		(951	)		(519	)		(1,470	)

d) Deferred tax assets non-admitted		32,980		2,758		35,738		31,271		4,073		35,344		1,709			(1,315	)		394
e) Subtotal net admitted deferred tax asset (c- d)		14,560		1,097		15,657		17,220		301		17,521		(2,660	)		796			(1,864	)

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NetTable realized capital losses decrease of $4,650 thousand, primarily driven by lower OTTI in 2020 compared to 2019, partially offset by higher realized losses on sales. Contents

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TheTable $2,143,983 thousandof decrease in net cash provided by financing activities was due primarily to a decrease in net deposits on deposit-type contracts from GFA net inflows and a dividend paid to TIAA. Contents

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Filing Compare · TIAA-CREF Life Insurance CO