UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_______________________

Form 10-K

Mark One

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For The Fiscal Year Ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number 333-142946

Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		11-3310798 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

800 Westchester Avenue, Suite N501 Rye Brook, NY 10573 (Address of principal executive offices)		10573 (Zip Code)

(914) 922-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

NONE

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

NONE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ¨ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer ¨	Non-accelerated filer x	Smaller reporting company ¨
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

Since no public equity market exists for such shares, the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Company is not determinable.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class		Outstanding at ~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share		9,~~999~~993,~~945~~120

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

NONE.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I
Item 1. Business	4
Item 1A. Risk Factors	2122
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments	3031
Item 2. Properties	3132
Item 3. Legal Proceedings	3132
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	3132
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	3233
Item 6. Selected Financial Data	3233
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3435
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4850
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	4951
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	7374
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures	7374
Item 9B. Other Information	7475
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	7576
Item 11. Executive Compensation	7980
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	8485
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	87
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services	89
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	90
Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	90

In this report, references to “Broadview,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Table of Contents

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains both historical and forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this report that address activities, events or developments that we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements including, in particular, the statements about our plans, objectives, strategies and prospects regarding, among other things, our financial condition, results of operations and business. We have identified some of these forward-looking statements with words like “believe,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “estimate” or “continue” and other words and terms of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements may be contained throughout this report, including but not limited to statements under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations about future events affecting us and are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Many factors mentioned in our discussion in this report will be important in determining future results. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Our plans and objectives are based, in part, on assumptions involving our continuing as a going concern and the execution of our stated business plan and objectives. Forward-looking statements (including oral representations) are only predictions or statements of current plans, which we review and update regularly. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, risks associated with:


•	our ability to continue as a going concern;


•	highly competitive nature of the communications market;


•	failure to anticipate and keep up with technological changes;


•	governmental regulatory oversight;


•	elimination or relaxation of certain regulatory rights and protections;


•	regulatory uncertainties in the communications industry;


•	continued industry consolidation;


•	failure to manage and expand operations effectively;


•	failure to retain and attract management and key personnel;


•	failure to maintain interconnection and service agreements with incumbent local exchange carriers;


•	difficulties in working with incumbent local exchange carriers;


•	reliance on a limited number of non-ILEC third party service providers;


•	system disruptions or the failure of our information systems to perform as expected;


•	ability to maintain real estate leases at switch sites;


•	loss of a substantial number of customers;


•	failure to successfully integrate future acquisitions;


•	claims of intellectual property infringement;


•	misappropriation of our intellectual property and proprietary rights;


•	liability for information disseminated through our network;


•	our history of net losses;


•	billing disputes with carrier vendors;


•	difficulties collecting payment from carrier and wholesale customers;


•	liability associated with periodic audits conducted by State Taxing and other Authorities;


•	declining prices for communications services;


•	impact of debt facilities on operating flexibility; and


•	our ability to service our substantial indebtedness.

Because our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements, we cannot give any assurance that any of the events anticipated by these forward-looking statements will occur or, if any of them do, what impact they will have on our business, results of operations and financial condition. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake any obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under federal securities laws.

Table of Contents

PART I


Item 1.	Business

Company Overview

We are a leading provider of cloud-based unified communication services (“UCaaS”) and information technology solutions to small and medium sized businesses (“SMB”) and enterprise customers nationwide. We offer a broad suite of cloud-based systems and services under the brand OfficeSuite® to our end-user customers nationwide. Our end-user customers have approximately ~~150~~182,000 active licenses on our flagship product OfficeSuite® Phone. OfficeSuite® Phone comprises a growing percentage of our overall recurring revenue and the vast majority of our existing cloud-based revenue stream. In addition, we generate revenue from third-party service providers utilizing our technology and OfficeSuite® Phone on a white-label or wholesale basis. These third-party service providers offer services to their own end-user customers located in Canada, certain European countries and the United States, ~~and~~with ~~collectively~~approximately ~~those~~100,000 ~~providers~~currently ~~have a similar number of~~ active licenses.

Our product portfolio provides bundled packages that include cloud-based services and network connectivity with a focus on addressing the productivity, mobility, flexibility, security and business continuity needs of end users. In addition, our growth initiatives focus sales channels on communications-intensive multi-location business customers who require multiple products and customers who are likely users of our cloud-based services. These customers generally purchase higher-margin services in multi-year contracts, resulting in higher customer retention rates and higher average monthly recurring revenue. For customers located within the footprint of ~~257~~252 colocations in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regional markets, we offer additional IP-based and traditional communications services utilizing our network infrastructure.

We benefit from software development expertise, proprietary technology and a strong next-generation IP network infrastructure. This allows us to offer our customers more than just cloud-based services, but additionally products that include advanced, converged communications services and network access by leveraging our network infrastructure, on a cost-effective basis. ~~For the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately 83% of all new revenue installed during the period was provisioned on our next-generation IP network.~~

We have provided cloud-based services in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States since 2005 and offered cloud-based services nationwide since late 2009. We sell through multiple channels including a direct sales force primarily located in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions, and wholesale and channel partners nationwide.

As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, we provided our services to ~~over~~approximately 20,000 business customers nationwide. In ~~2015~~2016, cloud-based services, including ~~bundled~~both ~~and~~cloud-based ~~standalone~~computing services and cloud related access, generated 2935% of total end-user voice and data revenue, up from 1317% in ~~2011~~2012. Revenue for these services has grown at approximately a 1514% compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) since ~~2011~~2012. In ~~Annual~~the ~~growth~~fourth quarter of ~~our~~2016 ~~end-user~~relative ~~cloud~~to ~~revenue~~the ~~stream~~fourth ~~slowed~~quarter ~~substantially~~of ~~following~~2015, our ~~2012~~end-user ~~restructuring. However,~~pure incloud ~~recent~~revenue ~~periods~~grew we20% ~~have~~and ~~seen a renewed acceleration of~~ our end-user cloud ~~revenue. Our~~access ~~end-user cloud~~ revenue ~~increased~~grew 95%, inresulting ~~2014 relative to 2013 and 15%~~ in ~~2015~~overall ~~compared to 2014. End~~end-user cloud revenue ~~increased~~growth ~~17% in the 4th quarter~~ of ~~2015 relative to the same period in the prior year~~16%. Approximately 5040% of our current cloud-based recurring revenue stream is from customers who were previously purchasing other services from us. As the benefits of cloud-based service offerings are more widely adopted by the customers we serve, we anticipate we will convert a growing percentage of our existing customers to our cloud-based service offerings.

We are investing in our cloud-based solutions, specifically by expanding the features and technology of our cloud-based unified communications system and expanding our portfolio of cloud computing services. We provide comprehensive network connectivity to our customers, utilizing our own network and the networks of other carriers through direct interconnections. Integrating cloud-based services and access enable us to offer SMB and enterprise customers unique business solutions on a cost-effective basis.

Products and Services

We provide our customers with a comprehensive array of cloud-based communications and IT products and services, including hosted UCaaS, virtual and dedicated servers or infrastructure as a service (“IaaS”), software as a service (“SaaS”), circuit-switched and IP-based voice and data communications services, as well as value-added products and professional IT services. Our business is to deliver complete solutions to our target customers, with a focus on helping them solve their critical and complex infrastructure, productivity, security and business continuity needs.

Recent Events

On April 12, 2017, we executed a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger pursuant to which we will be acquired via a reverse triangular merger by Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream”) in an all cash transaction. The transaction has been unanimously approved by our Board of Directors and, following execution of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, stockholders holding a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote approved the Agreement and Plan of Merger and the transactions contemplated thereby. The transaction has also been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors of Windstream and is not subject to any financing conditions or Windstream stockholder approval. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, each share of Company common stock will receive $6.98 per share in cash at the closing of the transaction. It is anticipated that our existing indebtedness, including all of our outstanding 10.5% Senior Notes and all outstanding amounts under our $25 million revolving credit facility, will be repaid at closing. Closing of the transaction is anticipated to occur in the third quarter of 2017 and is subject only to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.

Products and Services

We provide our customers with a comprehensive array of cloud-based communications and IT products and services, including hosted UCaaS, virtual and dedicated servers or infrastructure as a service (“IaaS”), software as a service (“SaaS”), circuit-switched and IP-based voice and data communications services, as well as value-added products and professional IT services. Our business is to deliver complete solutions to our target customers, with a focus on helping them address their critical and complex infrastructure, productivity, security and business continuity needs.

The following table summarizes our product and service offerings:



CLOUD SERVICES	PROFESSIONAL IT SERVICES	NETWORK ACCESS AND OTHER SERVICES
OfficeSuite® Phone solutions	Equipment Consulting & Sales	Dedicated & Switched Access
OfficeSuite® Call Center Services	IT Project Outsourcing	Dedicated Internet Access
Video Conferencing and Collaboration	Network Design and Implementation	Ethernet Networking
Hosted Microsoft Exchange®	Network Integration	MPLS Networking
Data Backup & Recovery	Customer Service Management Portal	Dynamic IP Integrated Voice & Data
Hosted Dedicated and Virtual Servers	Managed Router	Local, Regional & Long Distance
Virtual Private Data Centers (Private Cloud)		Toll-free
IP Voice Services (VoIP and SIP)
Data Center & Collocation Services
Internet Policy Management
Firewall / Network Security
Online Fax Services
Virtual Private Networks

Cloud Services

Unified Communications as a Service. OfficeSuite® Phone, our easy-to-use, 100% cloud-based unified communications platform, provides customers with high-quality, easy-to-use phones and equipment, advanced voicemail, online fax services, and an unlimited calling plan. The service includes MyOfficeSuite, a powerful administrative and end-user portal that provides advanced Unified Communications (“UC”) capabilities such as presence and chat. The product also includes disaster avoidance and recovery capabilities, a converged IP network, intuitive management tools, 24×7 expert network monitoring, ongoing product upgrades and enhancements. Customers can choose from a wide range of LCD phones, cordless phones and connectivity options at various price points. Optional capabilities include: An extensive array of OfficeSuite® mobility options, including mobile softphones for Android, iPhone and iPad, mobile management, presence and chat clients, and mobile video and collaboration clients; OfficeSuite® Call Center Services, which provides robust call center capabilities, including advanced call routing, queuing, call recording, easy-to-use reporting and dashboard functionality,; OfficeSuite® Dental, which integrates with a widely-used CRM solution used by dental practices,; ~~OfficeSuite®~~and ~~Connector,~~an ~~which~~ever ~~integrates~~increasing ~~with~~array ~~Microsoft’s~~of integrations and connectors, including OfficeSuite® for Skype for Business, ~~and~~ OfficeSuite® ~~CRM~~UC for CRMs, ~~which~~OfficeSuite® ~~integrates~~UC ~~with~~for ~~SalesForce.com®~~Microsoft Office 365, aOfficeSuite® ~~widely-used~~Google ~~cloud-based~~Chrome ~~CRM~~Extension, ~~solution.~~

OfficeSuite® UC for Microsoft Dynamics and OfficeSuite® for Salesforce, which integrates with SalesForce.com®, a widely-used cloud-based CRM solution, as well as fully documented and modern RESTful APIs for integration

Software as a Service/Infrastructure as a Service ("SaaS/IaaS"). Our cloud computing product offerings include individual and bundled packages of subscription-based software and infrastructure services. Businesses can access cloud versions of Microsoft Exchange®. We provide packages that incorporate a robust set of mobility and remote employee features, a full suite of backup tools for desktop and server data, and both virtualized and dedicated server solutions.

Professional IT Services

Our professional IT services provide customers with the expertise and tools needed to make the services and technology we offer work for them. We provide our customers with knowledge of current and emerging technologies, and assist them in charting a business plan to leverage those technologies to meet their business goals.

Customers can utilize our certified technicians and engineers on a project basis to help install, deploy and integrate systems. We also provide software tools and online applications that allow customers to, in real time, monitor system performance, create and view reports and make changes to their services.

Network Access and Other Services

Integrated Services. We offer integrated voice and data packages to small- and medium-sized businesses, including a variety of service options designed to accommodate our customers’ needs. Our integrated offerings result in performance and cost efficiencies, as compared to discrete services purchased from separate competing carriers. We also provide multiple products in a bundle to increase utilization of a common circuit. Services are delivered over a variety of high-bandwidth broadband access methods including high bandwidth Ethernet services, Ethernet-over Copper (“EoC”) and one or more IP-based T-1s. These integrated packages drive increased revenue per customer and higher customer retention. We offer an IP-based integrated T-1 service leveraging our MetaSwitch® IP-based call agents and media gateways and our multiprotocol label switching (“MPLS”) network to deliver highly flexible voice and data services.

Voice Services. We offer voice services over the Internet using Session-Initiation Protocol (“SIP”) or other similar protocols and our next-generation IP network in order to meet the needs of large and small customers who either use their own premises-based communications system or who have basic needs. We provide customer premises equipment where required to complete the customer solution. This includes customers who may have their own IP phone system, use a traditional fax machine or small customers with limited communications needs. We use UNE-Ls, EoC, digital T-1 lines and, in certain instances, our commercial agreements with other providers to service our customers.

Data Services. Our data service offerings are designed to provide a full range of services targeted at businesses that require single or multipoint high-speed, dedicated data connections. We provide Internet access and networking service on our networks via Switched Ethernet T-1, DS3, EoC or DSL, depending on our customer’s bandwidth and security needs, as well as via high bandwidth and broadband IP access services obtained through partners. Our MPLS and IP Virtual Private Network (“VPN”) data network services include multiple classes of service for differentiated levels of QoS, service level agreements and security. In addition, through arrangements with national IP network providers, we offer these services on a nationwide basis to those of our business customers who have locations outside of our network footprint. These services enable customers to deploy tailored, IP-based business applications for secure internal enterprise, business-to-business and business-to-customer data communications among geographically dispersed locations, while also providing high-speed access to the Internet.

Sales and Marketing

Our sales organization consists of four primary sales channels: direct sales, nationwide channel partners, inside sales and wholesale sales. Channel partners are our primary sales channel outside of the northeastern United States. We also work with organizations and individuals who refer business to Broadview through personal networking. Each channel enables us to provide a bundled product offering of cloud-based services, voice and data communications, hardware and managed network services through a consultative analysis of each customer’s specific needs. We will continue to work to help existing customers move to cloud-based services to ensure they have the tools needed to evolve their business and to further ensure loyalty.

Marketing support is provided to our sales channels in many forms, including email campaigns, marketing communications support and leads. In addition, marketing provides online and printed materials, sales promotions and vertical marketing programs.

We also offer services to other carriers and resellers through our Wholesale division. The Wholesale division leverages our cloud-based services expertise, next-generation technology development, network strength and our leading back office automation systems to deliver a reseller-branded suite of cloud-based voice, data, IP and integrated services for resale, where the reseller retains the customer relationship and is responsible for sales, customer care and billing.

Industry and Competition

Overview

The communications industry was once defined by voice services, data services (Internet access and networking) and equipment providers. As the role of information technology advances in today’s business environment, the roles of security, mobility, business continuity, software and hardware have become increasingly important for both SMB and enterprise organizations and are increasingly integrated with the communications needs of these entities.

The cloud-services market has expanded rapidly as high-speed network access has become more readily available and as new technology has allowed enterprise-grade systems (hardware and software) to be deployed inside a service provider’s network for end user availability. Many cloud service providers emerged offering various services that are “hosted” in the cloud. For example, dedicated servers have been collocated inside of provider owned facilities and rented out on a subscription basis. UC services, that combine traditional voice services with advanced services incorporating mobile, presence and chat are now hosted in the cloud and provided as a service and are known as UCaaS.

Technology advancements allowed for servers to be “virtualized” for fractional use by end-users to improve utilization of assets and to make computing resources even more cost-effective for customers whose needs didn’t demand dedicated resources.

Many service providers have adopted a “hosted” and “virtualized” approach to applications and systems to provide services. Private Branch Exchange (“PBX”) phone systems, Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”) and Enterprise Resource Management platforms, and other similar systems are now capable of being provided in a hosted cloud environment. These developments have allowed market participants to change their revenue models from typical one-time purchases of software and equipment to monthly or annual subscriptions where access to the equipment, software, technology and features is essentially rented by the customer. Economies of scale have allowed service providers to offer functionality which previously was only cost effective for larger enterprises to a larger base of small- and medium-sized customers.

Today, the market for cloud-based services is expanding rapidly as businesses look for opportunities to improve operational efficiency, accessibility and employee productivity, while reducing risk. As a cloud service provider with the infrastructure, experience and support mechanisms already developed and in place, Broadview offers a portfolio of cloud-based services that address the communications and information technology needs of SMBs and enterprise customers.

The market for communications services, particularly voice, has been historically dominated by the Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers (“ILECs”) in the United States. These carriers include Verizon Communications, Inc. (“Verizon”), AT&T, Inc. (“AT&T”), CenturyLink Inc., Frontier Communications Corporation (“Frontier”), FairPoint Communications Inc. (“Fairpoint”), and Windstream Corporation (“Windstream”). While the ILECs own the majority of the local exchange networks providing basic network access in their respective operating regions, competitive communications providers hold significant market share. In recent years, the number of competitive communications providers in the United States has been reduced by industry consolidation and the leading cable companies (“CATVs”) have entered the residential and business communications markets, thereby reducing the market share held by ILECs.

Historically, we believed that ILECs and CATVs did not adequately focus on SMB customers, which created a sustainable growth opportunity for competitive providers to service SMB customers with a broad array of services, including both traditional access services and cloud-based services. While we believe the opportunity still exists, the ILECs and CATVs are improving their ability to attract and serve our target customers.

Increased complexity in delivering communications and IT services, together with what has been a challenging economic climate has driven business customers to evaluate alternative approaches, including cloud-based products and services. As competitive pressures have commoditized more access services, we believe cloud-based services represent growth opportunities for competitive providers who are successful in tailoring cloud-based services to the needs of customers.

The cloud-based services, including UCaaS, and the access services industries are highly competitive. We believe we compete principally by offering focused customer service, greater ease of use, a powerful portal, accurate billing, a broad set of services and systems, unique technical solutions and competitive pricing. We compete with various different types of service providers, including companies focused solely on cloud-based services as well as ILECs, CATVs, internet service providers, premises-based and hosted Voice Over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) phone system and service providers, competitive local exchange carriers (“CLECs”), wireless companies, interexchange carriers, and other market participants, including vendors, installers and communications management companies.

Our Strengths

Cloud-Based Product Suite. As a Cloud Service Provider, we offer SMB and enterprise customers a variety of cloud-based services that allow organizations to move infrastructure and software 100% into the cloud, for more ubiquitous, secure, ease of use and cost-effective delivery. Services include OfficeSuite® Phone, our cloud-based UCaaS system, OfficeSuite® HD Meeting, our video conferencing and collaboration solution, MyOfficeSuite, our powerful administrative and end-user portal, hosted Microsoft Exchange®, hosted virtual and dedicated servers, data backup and recovery, and archiving, compliance and eDiscovery services, as well as a full complement of cloud-based security services.

Recognized Industry Leader and Innovator. We have received industry recognition for our innovative use of technology, our product development and our customer care.

Large, Diversified Customer Base. We have ~~over~~approximately 20,000 SMB and enterprise customers who constitute a predictable base of recurring revenue and high quality customer relationships. We believe many of these organizations are target customers to move into the cloud with an experienced provider.

Foundation of Recurring Revenue and Visibility into Revenue and Cash Flows. Our diversified product set and our care for our customers has resulted in favorable quality of revenue trends and improving churn rates that we believe give us good forward visibility into revenue and cash flows. Our deployment of capital is largely success-based, meaning outlay is incurred incrementally only as we add new customers and new recurring revenue.

Customer Service. We closely monitor key operating and customer service performance metrics. Capturing and analyzing this information allows us to improve our internal operating functions, drive profitable revenue growth and quickly respond to changes in demographics, customer behavior and industry trends.

Software Design and Development. We have expertise in software design and development. This expertise extends through to customization and integration of commercially available software products, as well as development and enhancement of our proprietary unified cloud communications products and services. Specifically:

Proprietary Unified Communications Platform. We own the intellectual property and assets of our core 100% cloud-based UCaaS platform OfficeSuite® Phone, including the unified messaging and call center services technologies, and MyOfficeSuite, its companion administrative and end-user portal. As a result, we have direct control of the ongoing development and evolution of the services offered and the technology applied, minimizing license fees and directly controlling feature prioritization, and development schedules. This allows us to deliver unique solutions that are 100% cloud-based to our customers and target markets, including integrations with Salesforce.com®, Skype for Business® and other software and industry applications, differentiating OfficeSuite® from other service provider offerings.

Integrated OSS Infrastructure. We own and develop our internal operations and enterprise management software systems (our OSS), allowing us to continually innovate, develop and deliver automation across our product suite. Further leveraging our in-house software development expertise, we are continuing to evolve self-service tools and additional automation capabilities including integrations of the Salesforce.com® platform into our front-end sales processes. AtFully ~~the~~developed ~~end of 2014, our~~ in-house, ~~development~~our ~~team~~MyOfficeSuite ~~delivered an entirely new unified~~ portal, ~~for~~and ~~our~~its ~~OfficeSuite®~~companion ~~products.~~desktop ~~The~~and ~~portal,~~mobile ~~MyOfficeSuite~~clients, provides a single, adaptable portal for ~~many of~~ our OfficeSuite® ~~products~~customers to administer, ~~including~~operate ~~OfficeSuite®~~and ~~Phone,~~leverage ontheir services from any device. Designed to be user-friendly for users and administrators alike, itthe MyOfficeSuite family provides full management, ~~and~~ instantaneous changes from the online dashboard using customizable widgets and real-time presence, chat and call control.. AWe ~~version~~have offurther extended the MyOfficeSuite portal family to include the MyOfficeSuite Agent portal and MyOfficeSuite for ~~channel~~white ~~partners~~label ~~was~~wholesale ~~delivered~~customers, inproviding ~~2015~~unprecedented visibility, management and control to our channel partners.

Facilities-Based Network Infrastructure. We own and operate an IP-based network for the development and delivery of cloud-based services. Our northeastern U.S. network topology incorporates traditional and EoC access technologies, enabling us to cost-effectively provide data services in the Northeast and nationwide utilizing partner carriers.

Experienced Management Team. Our team of senior executives and operating managers has an average of more than 25 years in the industry and expertise integrating acquired assets with existing assets. In connection with our history of mergers and acquisitions, our senior management team has successfully consolidated back-office systems and processes into a single OSS, integrated operations and cultures, and combined products, strategies and sales channels.

Our Markets

We target SMB and enterprise customers nationwide with cloud-based services. Previously, our focus had been solely on markets across 10 states throughout the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States, including the major metropolitan markets of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. While these markets remain important markets for us, our focus has evolved to a nationwide focus. We believe next-generation cloud- and IP-based communications services will continue to gain market share with SMB and enterprise customers. ~~Market research estimates that the North American Hosted Telephony and UC Services market is expected to grow from $3.8 billion in 2012 to $21.1 billion by 2021.~~ Additionally, we believe cloud-based services allow us to address a greater percentage of an SMB customer’s overall telecom and IT spending budget. As technology and network alternatives have evolved, it has become cost effective to offer our cloud-based communications services and products nationwide.

Our Revenue and Customers

Our customer base consists of SMB and enterprise customers nationwide, with a historical focus on markets across 10 states throughout the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States. Approximately 88% of our total revenue is generated from our end-users in a wide array of industries including professional services, health care, education, manufacturing, real estate, retail, automotive, non-profit groups and others with ~~just~~less ~~over~~than 1% coming from residential customers. Approximately 12% of total revenue is generated from wholesale, carrier access and other sources. Our wholesale line of business serves other communications providers with voice and data services including cloud-based services, data colocation and other value-added products and services. Similar to our end-user revenue, over 20% of our wholesale revenue stream consists of cloud-based services. The vast majority of revenue is under contract and is of a recurring nature.

We have been a provider of cloud-based communications services to our end-user customers in our Northeast and Mid-Atlantic markets since 2005 and have been providing these services nationwide since late 2009. The following table shows the trend of our cloud-based revenue for the years ended December 31, ~~2011~~2012 through December 31, ~~2015~~2016:

	Year Ended December 31,
$ in millions	~~2011~~2012			~~2012~~2013			~~2013~~2014			~~2014~~2015			~~2015~~2016
End-user cloud-based revenue	$	4150.96		$	5057.67		$	5763.70		$	6372.07		$	7284.7
% growth	2620.89		%	2014.90		%	149.02		%	915.25		%	1516.54		%

We target larger SMB and enterprise customers, typically generating over $500 in Monthly Recurring Revenue (“MRR”) with direct and channel partner sales teams. These customers generally purchase higher margin cloud-based services in multi-year contracts resulting in higher customer retention rates and profitability. The average MRR across our entire base of business customers has increased from approximately $~~674~~747 at December 31, ~~2011~~2012 to approximately $~~941~~1,006 at December 31, ~~2015~~2016. The following table shows the trend in average MRR per business customer as of the last month of each period:

	Last Month of Year Ended December 31,
	2011		2012		2013		2014		2015
	2012		2013		2014		2015		2016
Average MRR per Business Customer	$	~~674~~747	$	~~747~~807	$	~~807~~865	$	~~865~~941	$	~~941~~1,006

For the month ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, 8990% of our end-user revenue was generated by customers whose MRR is greater than $500, and approximately 7678% was generated by customers with MRR of greater than $1,000 per month. The following table shows the five-year trend in the composition of our end-user revenue base in terms of monthly spend as of the last month of each period:

Trended MRR by Customer Size	Last Month of Year Ended December 31,
	2011		2012		2013		2014		2015
	2012		2013		2014		2015		2016
$0 - $500	1413	%	1312	%	12	%	1211	%	1110	%
>$500 - $1000	1716	%	1615	%	1514	%	1413	%	1312	%
>$1,000	6971	%	7173	%	7374	%	7476	%	7678	%
	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

9Although we continue to focus on serving larger customers, due to our recent product additions and because we now offer our services nationwide, we are more focused on the UCaaS application portion (cloud-based services) of the potential revenue stream, in preference to the access portion (T-1 and IP voice and data circuits). Access, or last mile connectivity, is the primary

Although we continue to focus on serving larger customers, due to our recent product additions and because we now offer our services nationwide, we are more focused on the UCaaS application portion (cloud-based services) of the potential revenue stream, in preference to the access portion (T-1 and IP voice and data circuits). Access, or last mile connectivity, is the primary function and focus of the traditional telecommunications providers (ILECs, CLECs, CATVs). Although historically we focused on the access portion, we believe that as a result of technology evolution in our industry, access is increasingly commoditized and there are numerous alternatives for access services at competitive prices. As such, we focus our new sales efforts on the application portion of the revenue stream which we believe provides the greatest “value add” to the customer, often allowing the customer to choose their own method of access from a variety of access providers. This is often referred to as Bring Your Own Broadband or BYOB. Within our network footprint, we continue to also offer access services at competitive prices, providing our customers a choice of which access method works best for them.10

function and focus of the traditional telecommunications providers (ILECs, CLECs, CATVs). Although historically we focused on the access portion, we believe that as a result of technology evolution in our industry, access is increasingly commoditized and there are numerous alternatives for access services at competitive prices. As such, we focus our new sales efforts on the application portion of the revenue stream which we believe provides the greatest “value add” to the customer, often allowing the customer to choose their own method of access from a variety of access providers. This is often referred to as Bring Your Own Broadband or BYOB. Within our network footprint, we continue to also offer access services at competitive prices, providing our customers a choice of which access method works best for them.

As a result of our evolution in focus from access to UCaaS application, our average revenue per new customer and our average revenue per existing business customer is flattening and may decrease over time. In many circumstances, particularly outside of our network footprint, we anticipate being able to generate similar profitability on each new customer, but with lower revenue per customer when we do not provide the access product.

Customer Service and Retention

We improved our average monthly end-user revenue loss level from 1.87% for the year ended December 31, ~~2011~~2012 to 1.42% for the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, in part due to our continued shift towards larger customers, our focus on improving customer service and our focus on cloud-based products. The following chart shows the five-year trend for each year for the years ended December 31, ~~2011~~2012 through ~~2015~~2016.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2011		2012		2013		2014		2015
	2012		2013		2014		2015		2016
Average Monthly Revenue Loss (1)	1.87	%	1.7	%	1.76	%	1.64	%	1.42	%

⁽¹⁾ Our calculation of revenue loss is a comprehensive metric and may not be comparable to revenue loss or churn metrics reported by other companies in the industry. Our method is to include all sources of revenue loss including revenue write-down and repricing.

We service customers in a multi-tiered, multi-channel approach. Our inbound contact center, 1-800-BROADVIEW, is staffed 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year both internally and through a third party relationship, who handle all aspects of a customer’s questions, payments, repairs, changes of service, and new service requests. Larger customers are serviced through our dedicated support, project and sales representatives assigned to each customer.

Customers can choose to utilize our interactive voice response system for automated support, online chat, our OfficeSuite Community, and our award-winning e-Care Enterprise web-based application that provides an array of self -management tools for customers and partners.

Providing a superior customer experience is a major focus of our customer relationship management team. We collect statistical and direct feedback from customers through direct surveys and other methods regarding their satisfaction, after recent service experience and after disconnect, and use the information to refine and improve our processes as well as to measure the effectiveness of the organization.

Our Network

Our network architecture leverages multiple data centers and hundreds of collocations connected by IP and MPLS technologies from Juniper Networks and Cisco Systems, VoIP softswitches from MetaSwitch, including call agents and gateways, Ethernet over Copper and other broadband access, to deliver cloud-based unified communications and computing services to our customers. We reach our customers through the customer's own Internet access or by providing access on our own network or leveraging last mile connections through numerous carrier agreements. Our core network operates with 99.999% of availability and our Network Operations Center (“NOC”) monitors our network 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year.

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Data Centers

We operate ~~three~~two data centers located within our central offices, which we utilize primarily for providing space, power and services for hosting customer-owned equipment as well as for hosting our OSS and servers. In addition, we provide our cloud computing services through cloud services partners, leveraging multiple data centers in diverse geographic locations nationwide.

Fiber Network and Fiber Equipment

We operate a multi-state fiber network consisting of local metropolitan fiber rings and interstate long haul fiber systems. The fiber network consists of our owned fiber, dark fiber, Indefeasible Right of Use (“IRU”), and light-wave IRU from multiple providers. We have approximately 3,000 fiber route miles consisting of both our owned fiber and dark fiber, primarily pursuant to IRUs.

Service Agreements with Carriers

We obtain last mile access services from Verizon through state-specific interconnection agreements, commercial agreements, local wholesale tariffs and interstate contract tariffs. We also maintain agreements with a number of other carriers for the provision of network facilities, including fiber routes and high capacity loops and transport, internet service providers, and local voice and data services. These agreements often provide cost-effective alternatives for last mile connections to customers.

Integrated Operational Support Systems (“OSS”)

We have developed and continue to improve and update our integrated sales automation, order processing, service provisioning, billing, payment, collection, customer service, network surveillance, testing, repair and information systems that enable us to offer and deliver high-quality, easy-to-use, competitively priced communications services to our customers. Our software platform and business process is designed to maximize resource efficiency by ensuring single entry and flow-through of all data elements needed to provision and bill for services, from the initial sales proposal through the final order, as well as by providing self-service through online portals to customers and agents.

Sales, Order Entry and Provisioning Systems

Our sales automation, order entry and provisioning systems enable us to collect, leverage, distribute and manage sales leads, shorten the customer provisioning time cycle and reduce associated costs. The sales management toolset begins with iLead, a unified web-based customer relationship management portal ~~integrated~~built ~~with~~on the Salesforce.com® platform, which offers an extensive array of sales tools and capabilities. These include lead and funnel management, sales forecasting, hierarchical dashboards and reports, and full automation from proposal generation to e-signature to sales close, along with subsequent automated workflow through to design, provisioning and project management, leading to service turn-up and billing.

To support our channel partners, we created PartnerConnect, a purpose built variant of iLead. Through our iLead and PartnerConnect portals, our sales team, and channel partners can track order status, trouble reports and commissions in real-time.

Customer Relationship Management System

Our CRM solutions include e-Care Enterprise and OpenCafe. e-Care Enterprise, a recipient of multiple awards for customer service and applications of business technology, allows our customers to directly monitor and manage their accounts and services online. OpenCafe, our internal CRM application, provides our customer service representatives with real time access to all information pertinent to the customer, in an organized and easy to use front-end system. In addition, OpenCafe is directly integrated with our trouble ticketing and repair tracking systems, allowing instant access to repair status and reporting. We continue to develop and implement improvements to e-Care Enterprise and OpenCafe, delivering more capabilities to our customer service representatives and customers. These CRM platforms are integrated with our MyOfficeSuite portal, which provides our customers with a high level of visibility, management and control of their OfficeSuite and related services through an intuitive user interface.

Our in-house developed billing system enables us to run multiple bill cycles with full color for the many different, tailored service packages, increasing customer satisfaction while minimizing revenue leakage and providing billing information on-line via ~~our~~various portals, including e-Care Enterprise ~~website~~and MyOfficeSuite. Our automated collections management system, integrated with our billing system, allows us to increase the efficiency of the collections process, which accelerates the collection of accounts receivable.

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Network Management Systems

Our network management systems include core licensed applications, such as TEOCO Corporation’s Netrac. With these core licensed applications, our in-house software developers have, through APIs, developed overarching control and management software applications to leverage these systems on an automated basis, and coupled the functionality to our business support applications to deliver seamless service, provisioning and billing. In addition, we have leveraged these applications to deliver Web-D, our work force management, project scheduling, assigning and tracking application, maximizing the efficiency of our field workforce.

Intellectual Property

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as licensing agreements, third party non-disclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our intellectual property rights. No individual patent, trademark or copyright is material to our business. We own a collection of patents registered in the United States, Canada and other countries relating to network design and technology for the delivery of enhanced voice services, as well as a process patent relating to our network hot-cut process. We have granted security interests in our trademarks, copyrights and patents to our lenders pursuant to the Company's $25.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and the indenture governing the $150.0 million of 10.5% Senior Secured Notes due November, 2017 (the “Notes”).

Employees

As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, we had approximately ~~750~~745 employees, including approximately ~~120~~115 quota-bearing representatives across all sales channels. In addition, we had approximately ~~170~~165 associates at December 31, ~~2015~~2016 working on our behalf, but employed by service partners of the Company. Our employees are not members of any labor unions. We believe that relations with our employees are good. We have not experienced any work stoppage due to labor disputes.

Available Information

All periodic and current reports, registration statements, and other filings that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge from the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov) or public reference room at 100 F. Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 (1-800-SEC-0330) or through our website at http://www.broadviewnet.com. Such documents are available as soon as reasonably practicable after electronic filing of the material with the SEC. Copies of these reports (excluding exhibits) may also be obtained free of charge, upon written request to: Investor Relations, Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., 800 Westchester Avenue, Suite N501, Rye Brook, NY 10573.

Our website address is included in this report for information purposes only. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

See also “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance - Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” for more information regarding our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

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REGULATION

Overview

We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations, and orders affecting the rates, terms, and conditions of certain of our service offerings, our costs, and other aspects of our operations, including our relations with other service providers. Regulation varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may change in response to judicial proceedings, legislative and administrative proposals, government policies, competition, and technological developments.

The Federal Communication Commission (the “FCC”) has jurisdiction over our facilities and services to the extent they are used in the provision of interstate or international communications services. State regulatory public utility commissions generally have jurisdiction over facilities and services to the extent they are used in the provision of intrastate services. Local governments may regulate aspects of our business through zoning requirements, permit or right-of-way procedures, and franchise fees. Foreign laws and regulations apply to communications that originate or terminate in a foreign country. Generally, the FCC and state public utility commissions either do not or minimally regulate Internet, video conferencing, or certain data services, although the underlying communications components of such offerings are generally regulated. Our operations also are subject to various environmental, building, safety, health, and other governmental laws and regulations.

Federal law generally preempts state statutes and regulations that restrict the provision of competitive local, long distance and enhanced services. Because of this preemption, we are generally free to provide the full range of local, long distance and data services in every state. While this federal preemption increases our potential for growth, it also increases the amount of competition to which we may be subject.

Federal Regulation

The Communications Act of 1934 (the “Communications Act”) grants the FCC authority to regulate interstate and foreign communications by wire or radio. The FCC imposes extensive regulations on common carriers that have some degree of market power such as ILECs. The FCC imposes less regulation on common carriers without market power, such as us. The FCC permits these non-dominant carriers to provide domestic interstate services (including long distance and access services) without prior authorization; but it requires carriers to receive authorization to construct and operate telecommunications facilities and to provide or resell communications services, between the United States and international points. Further, we remain subject to numerous requirements of the Communications Act, including certain provisions of Title II applicable to all common carriers which require us to offer service upon reasonable request and pursuant to just and reasonable charges and terms, and which prohibit any unjust or unreasonable discrimination in charges or terms. The FCC has authority to impose additional requirements on non-dominant carriers.

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (the “Telecommunications Act”) amended the Communications Act to eliminate many barriers to competition in the U.S. communications industry. Under the Telecommunications Act, any entity, including cable television (“CATV”) companies and electric and gas utilities, may enter any communications market, subject to reasonable state certification requirements and regulation of safety, quality and consumer protection. The Telecommunications Act was intended to increase competition. Among other things, the Telecommunications Act opened the local exchange services market by requiring ILECs to permit competitive carriers to interconnect to their networks at any technically feasible point and required them to utilize certain parts of their networks at FCC-regulated (generally cost based) rates; it also established requirements applicable to all local exchange carriers, including competitive local exchange carriers (“CLEC”). Examples include:

•Reciprocal Compensation. Required all ILECs and CLECs to complete calls originated by competing carriers under reciprocal arrangements at prices based on a reasonable approximation of incremental cost or through mutual exchange of traffic without explicit payment.

•Resale. Required all ILECs and CLECs to permit resale of their communications services without unreasonable or discriminatory restrictions or conditions. In addition, ILECs were required to offer for resale, wholesale versions of all communications services that the ILEC provides at retail to subscribers that are not telecommunications carriers at discounted rates, based on the costs avoided by the ILEC in the wholesale offering.

•Access to Rights-of-Way. Required all ILECs and CLECs and any other public utility that owns or controls poles, conduits, ducts, or rights-of-way used in whole or in part for wire communications, to permit competing carriers (and CATV systems) access to those poles, ducts, conduits and rights-of-way at regulated prices. CLEC rates for access to its poles, ducts, conduits and rights-of-way, however, are not regulated.

The Telecommunications Act also codified the ILECs’ equal access and nondiscrimination obligations and preempted inconsistent state regulation.

Legislation. Congress is considering rewriting the Telecommunications Act. The prospects and timing of the potential legislative initiative remain unclear, and as such, we cannot predict the outcome of any such legislative effort.

Unbundled Network Elements. The Telecommunications Act required ILECs to provide requesting telecommunications carriers with nondiscriminatory access to network elements on an unbundled basis at any technically feasible point on rates, terms and conditions that are just, reasonable and nondiscriminatory, in accordance with the other requirements set forth in Sections 251 and 252 of the Communications Act. The Telecommunications Act gave the FCC authority to determine which network elements must be made available to requesting carriers such as us. The FCC was required to determine whether the failure to provide access to such network elements would impair the ability of the carrier seeking access to provide the services it sought to offer. Based on this standard, the FCC developed an initial list of Regional Bell Operating Company (“RBOC”) network elements that must be unbundled on a national basis in 1996. Those initial rules were set aside by the U.S. Supreme Court and the FCC subsequently developed revised unbundling rules, which also were set aside on appeal.

In August 2003, in the Triennial Review Order (“TRO”), the FCC substantially modified its rules governing access to unbundled network elements (“UNEs”). The FCC limited requesting carrier access to certain aspects of the loop, transport, switching and signaling/databases UNEs but continued to require some unbundling of these elements. In the TRO, the FCC also determined that certain broadband elements, including “fiber-to-the-home loops” in “greenfield” situations, broadband services over fiber-to-the-home loops in overbuild situations, packet switching, and the packetized portion of hybrid loops, were not subject to unbundling obligations. On March 2, 2004, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacated certain portions of the TRO and remanded to the FCC for further proceedings.

In December 2004, the FCC issued an Order on Remand of the TRO (“TRRO”), which became effective on March 11, 2005. The TRRO further modified the unbundling obligations of ILECs. Under certain circumstances, the FCC removed the ILECs’ unbundling obligations with regard to high capacity local loops and dedicated transport and eliminated the obligation to provide local switching. Under the FCC’s new rules, the availability of high capacity loops and transport depends upon new tests based on the capacity of the facility, the business line density of incumbent wire centers, and the existence of colocated fiber providers in incumbent wire centers.

FCC rules implementing the local competition provisions of the Telecommunications Act permitted CLECs to lease UNEs at rates determined by state public utility commissions employing the FCC’s Total Element Long Run Incremental Cost forward-looking, cost-based pricing model. On September 15, 2003, the FCC opened a proceeding reexamining the Total Element Long Run Incremental Cost (“TELRIC”) methodology and wholesale pricing rules for communications services made available for resale by ILECs in accordance with the Telecommunications Act. This proceeding was intended to determine whether the TELRIC pricing model produced unpredictable pricing inconsistent with appropriate economic signals; failed to adequately reflect the real-world attributes of the routing and topography of an ILEC’s network; and created disincentives to investment in facilities by understating forward-looking costs in pricing RBOC network facilities and overstating efficiency assumptions.

In orders released in August 2004, the FCC extended the unbundling relief it had previously provided to fiber-to-the-home loops to “fiber-to-the-curb loops.” On October 27, 2004, the FCC issued an order granting requests by the Regional Bell Operating Companies (“RBOCs”) that the FCC forbear from enforcing the independent unbundling requirements of Section 271 of the Communications Act with regard to the broadband elements that the FCC had previously determined were not subject to unbundling obligations (fiber-to-the-home loops, fiber-to-the-curb loops, the packetized functionality of hybrid loops, and packet switching).

On September 16, 2005, the FCC partially granted a petition filed by Qwest Communications International, Inc. (“Qwest”) seeking forbearance from the application of the FCC’s dominant carrier regulation of interstate services, and Section 251(c) requirements throughout the Omaha, Nebraska Metropolitan Statistical Area (“MSA”). The FCC granted Qwest the requested relief in nine of its 24 Omaha central offices where it determined that competition from intermodal (cable) service providers was “extensive.” Although the FCC required that Qwest continue to make UNEs available in the nine specified central offices, Qwest was only required to do so at non-Total Element Long Run Incremental Cost rates. The FCC did not grant Qwest the requested relief regarding its colocation and interconnection obligations. On January 30, 2007, the FCC partially granted ACS of Anchorage, Inc.’s (“ACS”) petition seeking forbearance from the application of the FCC’s dominant carrier regulation of interstate services, and Section 251(c) requirements throughout the Anchorage, Alaska local exchange carrier study area. The FCC granted ACS the requested relief in five of its 11 Anchorage central offices where it determined that “competition by the local cable operator . . . ensures that market forces will protect the interests of consumers.” Although the FCC required that ACS continue to make UNEs available in the five central offices in which the requested relief was granted, it was only required to do so at commercially negotiated rates.

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and Section 251(c) requirements throughout the Anchorage, Alaska local exchange carrier study area. The FCC granted ACS the requested relief in five of its 11 Anchorage central offices where it determined that “competition by the local cable operator . . . ensures that market forces will protect the interests of consumers.” Although the FCC required that ACS continue to make UNEs available in the five central offices in which the requested relief was granted, it was only required to do so at commercially negotiated rates.

In December 2007, the FCC denied a Verizon petition for relief comparable to that accorded Qwest and ACS - forbearance from the application of the FCC’s dominant carrier regulation of interstate services, and Section 251(c) unbundling requirements - in six MSAs, including the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA, the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington-Baltimore PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA and the Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH MSA. On June 19, 2009, the D.C. Circuit remanded the Verizon forbearance decision to the FCC for further consideration and explanation. On August 20, 2009, the FCC initiated a proceeding to address the remand of the Verizon forbearance decision, as well as the remand of another order denying Qwest UNE-forbearance relief in four of its largest markets. Both Verizon and Qwest withdrew their UNE-forbearance petitions following denial by the FCC of Qwest’s Phoenix UNE-forbearance request. In denying the Qwest Phoenix UNE-forbearance petition, the FCC established a new market-power analytical framework for assessing future forbearance petitions.

On September 23, 2005, the FCC issued an order that largely deregulates “wireline broadband Internet access service.” The FCC refers to “wireline broadband Internet access service” as a service that uses existing or future wireline facilities of the telephone network to provide subscribers with access to the Internet, including by means of both next generation fiber-to-the-premises services and all digital subscriber lines. This decision by the FCC follows the decision by the United States Supreme Court in the “Brand X Case”, issued June 27, 2005, in which the Court held that cable systems are not legally required to lease access to competing providers of Internet access service. Consistent with the FCC’s previous classification of cable modem service as an information service, the FCC classified broadband Internet access service as an information service because it intertwines transmission service with information processing and is not, therefore, a “pure” transmission service such as frame relay or ATM, which remained classified as telecommunications services. The FCC required that existing transmission arrangements between broadband Internet access service providers and their customers be made available for a one-year period from the effective date of this decision. This decision did not affect CLECs’ ability to obtain UNEs, but did relieve the ILECs of any duty to offer DSL transmission services subject to regulatory oversight.

On March 19, 2006, the FCC, by inaction, granted Verizon’s Petition for Forbearance from the application of the FCC’s Computer II and Title II requirements to Verizon’s Broadband service offerings. Arguably, the grant of Verizon’s petition permitted Verizon to offer DSL, ATM, Frame Relay and T-1 services on a non-common carrier basis, free from unbundling and Total Element Long Run Incremental Cost pricing requirements, although Verizon appeared to narrow its petition to ask for far more limited relief, limiting the requested relief to a select group of service offerings. Other ILECs have sought and been granted similar relief. On October 12, 2007, the FCC agreed that AT&T’s existing packet-switched broadband telecommunications services and existing optical transmission services could be treated as non-dominant and would no longer be subject to certain regulatory requirements. Other ILECs have sought and been granted similar relief.

In June 2009, the FCC adopted new rules governing forbearance requests. These rules require, among other things, that forbearance petitions be complete when filed, state explicitly the scope of the relief requested, identify any other relevant proceedings and comply with certain format requirements. The rules also limit the petitioner’s right to withdraw the petition or narrow its scope.

In December 2015, the FCC granted in substantial part a forbearance petition filed by the U.S. Telecom Association on October 6, 2014. The FCC elected to forebear from, among other things, (i) further application to the RBOCs of Sections 271 and 272 of the Telecommunications Act and (ii) the requirement that ILECs provide a 64 kbps voice channel where copper loops have been retired. Other petitions pending before the FCC seek to reverse forbearance authority previously granted to the ILECs.

In August 2015, the FCC released a Report and Order which formally addressed the transition from networks based on Time-Division Multiplexing (“TDM”) circuit-switched voice services running on copper loops to all- Internet Protocol (“IP”) multi-media networks using copper, coaxial cable, wireless and fiber as physical infrastructure. In its Report and Order, the FCC identified the principals which should guide this transition which include competition, consumer protection, universal service, public safety and national security. The FCC concluded that while transitioning from TDM to IP, it was critical to preserve competition by maintaining wholesale access to network facilities for competitive providers. While the FCC did not impose any new wholesale access obligations on ILECs during the transition, it did strengthen its copper retirement and service discontinuation rules so that wholesale network access would remain viable.

In its ~~recently~~2015 ~~released~~ “Open Internet Order,” the FCC ~~has recently~~ reclassified broadband Internet access as a common-carrier service. In so doing, the FCC subjected broadband Internet access to Title II regulation under the Communications Act, although it did not apply certain Title II requirements. ~~This~~The ~~order~~FCC's is2015 ~~currently~~Open ~~the~~Internet ~~subject~~Order ofwas upheld on appeal in June 2016.

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Special Access. ~~The~~Over ~~FCC~~the ispast indecade, the ~~process~~FCC ofhas ~~undertaking~~undertaken a lengthy and comprehensive review of its rules governing the pricing of special access service offered by ILECs subject to price cap regulation. Special access pricing by these carriers currently is subject to price cap rules, as well as pricing flexibility rules that permit these carriers to offer volume and term discounts and contract tariffs (“Phase I pricing flexibility”) and/or remove from price caps regulation special access service in a defined geographic area (“Phase II pricing flexibility”) based on showings of competition. In a Tariff Investigating Order and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, issued on April 28, 2016 the FCC tentatively concluded that it would continue to permit pricing flexibility where competitive market forces would be sufficient to constrain special access prices, but undertook an examination of whether the current triggers for pricing flexibility had accurately gauged competition levels and worked as intended. The FCC has also requested comments on, amoung other things, whether certain aspects of ILEC special access tariff offerings (e.g., basing discounts on previous volumes of service; tying nonrecurring charges and termination penalties to term commitments; and imposing use restrictions in connection with discounts) are unreasonable. ~~The~~ While the FCC iswould ~~currently~~have inadopted ~~the~~many ~~process~~ of ~~undertaking~~the apro-competitive ~~comprehensive~~changes ~~data~~proposed ~~collection~~in ~~and~~its ~~analysis~~NPRM ~~exercise~~in toa ~~assist~~proposed itReport in ~~addressing~~Order circulated before the ~~many~~November ~~issues~~presidential ~~surrounding~~election, ~~ILEC~~the ~~provision~~recent ofchange ~~special~~in ~~access~~administrations ~~services~~has rendered such an outcome highly unlikely.

Interconnection Agreements. Pursuant to FCC rules implementing the Telecommunications Act, we negotiate interconnection agreements with ILECs to obtain access to UNE services, generally on a state-by-state basis. These agreements typically have three-year terms. We currently have interconnection agreements in effect with Verizon for, among other states, New York, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware and Rhode Island, as well as the District of Columbia. In the states of Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, we have interconnection agreements with FairPoint following its acquisition of Verizon’s network assets in these states. We have entered into a multi-state interconnection agreement with AT&T covering its entire ILEC service area and are currently negotiating agreements with other ILECs to support our nationwide service offering outside the Verizon Northeast and Mid-Atlantic service areas.

We are in the process of renegotiating our interconnection agreement with Verizon in New York. If the negotiation process does not produce, in a timely manner, an interconnection agreement that we find acceptable, we may petition the New York public utility commission to arbitrate any disputed issues. Arbitration decisions in turn may be appealed to federal courts. As an alternative to negotiating an interconnection agreement, we may adopt, in its entirety, another carrier’s approved agreement.

Colocation. FCC rules generally require ILECs to permit competitors to colocate equipment used for interconnection and/or access to UNEs. Changes to those rules, upheld in 2002 by the D.C. Circuit, allow competitors to colocate multifunctional equipment and require ILECs to provision cross-connects between colocated carriers.

Regulation of ISPs. To date, the FCC has treated Internet Service Providers (“ISPs”) as enhanced service providers, which are generally exempt from federal and state regulations governing common carriers. Nevertheless, in its recently released “Open Internet Order,” the FCC recently reclassified broadband Internet access as a common-carrier service and subjected broadband Internet access providers to a number of the core consumer protection requirements of Title II of the Communications Act.

Moreover, Congress has passed a number of laws that concern the Internet and Internet users. Generally, these laws limit the application of taxes to and the potential liability of ISPs.

Network Management and Internet Neutrality. In August 2005, the FCC adopted a policy statement that outlined four principles intended to preserve and promote the open and interconnected nature of the Internet. The FCC, the Obama Administration and Congress have expressed interest in imposing these so-called “net neutrality” requirements on broadband Internet access providers, which address whether, and the extent to which, owners of network infrastructure should be permitted to engage in network management practices that prioritize data packets on their networks through commercial arrangements or based on other preferences. ~~The~~In ~~FCC~~its in 2005 ~~adopted a~~ policy statement ~~expressing~~the ~~its~~RFCC expressed the view that consumers are entitled to access lawful Internet content and to run applications and use services of their choice, subject to the needs of law enforcement and reasonable network management. In an August 2008 decision, the FCC characterized these net neutrality principles as binding and enforceable and stated that network operators have the burden to prove that their network management techniques are reasonable. In that order, which was overturned by a court decision in April 2010, the FCC imposed sanctions on a broadband Internet access provider for managing its network by blocking or degrading some Internet transmissions and applications in a way that the FCC found to be unreasonably discriminatory. In December 2010, the FCC issued new rules to govern network management practices and prohibit unreasonable discrimination in the transmission of Internet traffic. The FCC’s decision adopting these rules was vacated and remanded to the agency for further consideration.

16.

On February 26, 2015, the FCC released its “Open Internet Order,” adopting new net neutrality rules for broadband providers. In addition to reclassifying broadband internet access as a common carrier service subject to Title II of the Communication Act, the order adopts three main prohibitions: (i) no “blocking,” (ii) no “throttling” and (iii) no “paid prioritization.” As a standard of conduct, the FCC ruled that providers may not unreasonably interfere with or unreasonably disadvantage (i) end users’ ability to select, access and use broadband Internet access service or the lawful Internet content, applications, services or devices of their choice, or (ii) edge providers’ ability to make lawful content, applications, services or devices available to end users. The FCC also adopted enhanced transparency rules which apply, among other things, to price, performance characteristics and network practices. Finally, the FCC declined to forbear from application of Title II’s core consumer safeguards, but did forbear from unbundling and network access requirements such as those impose by Title II on ILECs. The FCC’s Open Internet Order is currently under appeal. 17

Long Distance Competition. Section 271 of the Communications Act, enacted as part of the Telecommunications Act, established a process by which an RBOC could obtain authority to provide long distance service in a state within its region. Each RBOC was required to demonstrate that it had satisfied a “14-point competitive checklist” and that granting such authority would be in the public interest. All of the RBOCs have received FCC approval to provide in-state long distance service within their respective regions. Receipt of Section 271 authority by the RBOCs has resulted in increased competition in certain markets and services.

The RBOCs have a continuing obligation to comply with the 14-point competitive checklist, and are subject to continuing oversight by the FCC and state public utility commissions. Each RBOC must provide unbundled access to UNEs at just and reasonable rates and comply with state-specific Performance Assurance Plans pursuant to which a RBOC that fails to provide access to its facilities in a timely and commercially sufficient manner must provide affected CLECs compensation in the form of cash or service credits.

On November 8, 2013, the FCC released its “Rural Call Completion Order” which adopted new rules designed to strengthen its ability to ensure the provision of a reasonable and nondiscriminatory level of service to rural areas. To this end, the FCC adopted rules that require, among other things, certain originating long-distance providers to record, retain and report information on long distance call completion. The data so gathered is intended to allow the FCC to monitor service so as to ensure that the percentage delivery and service quality of calls to rural areas is comparable to the percentage delivery and service quality of calls to non-rural areas. The FCC has entered into a number of consent decrees and imposed substantial finds on large interexchange carriers (“IXCs”) whose rural call completion results failed to pass muster.

Detariffing. The FCC has largely eliminated carriers’ obligations to file with the FCC tariffs containing prices, terms and conditions of service and has required carriers to withdraw all of their federal tariffs other than those relating to access services. Our interstate and international rates nonetheless must still be just and reasonable and nondiscriminatory. Our state tariffs generally remain in place, although an increasing number of states are following the FCC’s lead and eliminating tariffs. Detariffing precludes our ability to rely on filed rates, terms and conditions as a means of providing notice to customers of prices, terms and conditions under which we offer services, and requires us instead to rely on individually negotiated agreements with end-users. We have, however, historically relied primarily on our sales force and marketing activities to provide information to our customers regarding the rates, terms, and conditions of service and expect to continue to do so. Further, in accordance with the FCC’s orders we maintain a schedule of our rates, terms and conditions for our interstate and international services on our web site.

Intercarrier Compensation. The FCC’s intercarrier compensation rules include rules governing access charges, which govern the payments that IXCs and wireless service providers make to local exchange carriers (“LECs”) to originate and terminate long distance calls, and reciprocal compensation rules, which generally govern the compensation between telecommunications carriers for the transport and termination of local traffic. On March 3, 2005, the FCC released a further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comment on a variety of proposals to replace the current system of intercarrier payments, under which the compensation rate depends on the type of traffic at issue, the type of carriers involved, and the end points of the communication, with a unified approach for access charges and reciprocal compensation. In connection with the FCC’s rulemaking proceeding, a number of industry groups attempted to negotiate a plan that would bring all intercarrier compensation and access charges to a unified rate over a negotiated transition period. The FCC called for public comment on one such plan designated the “Missoula Plan.” In November 2008, the FCC issued a further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking setting forth various proposals for the reform of its intercarrier compensation regime. In its “National Broadband Plan,” released on March 16, 2010, the FCC recommended that per-minute intercarrier compensation charges be eliminated over time: first, by moving intrastate switched access charges to interstate levels over a period of two to four years; second, by moving switched access charge rates to reciprocal compensation levels; and third, by phasing out per-minute intercarrier compensation rates altogether.

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In November 2011, the FCC adopted policy changes that will over time ultimately reduce carriers’ access rates applicable for all telecommunications traffic exchanged with an LEC to a uniform “bill-and-keep” framework for both intrastate and interstate access traffic. The reforms required by the FCC’s new rules are being phased in over a multi-year transition. Specifically, effective December 29, 2011, the following rates were capped: (1) all interstate access rate elements and reciprocal compensation rates; (2) for price cap carriers and CLECs operating in their areas, all intrastate access rates; and (3) for rate-of-return carriers and CLECs operating in their areas, terminating access rates only. In addition, competitive carriers were required to reduce their intrastate tariffed access charges by July 2013 to those no greater than the incumbent carriers with which they compete, as was currently required with CLEC’s interstate access charges. From 2015 through 2018, further reductions in both intrastate and interstate access charges and reciprocal compensation rates are required, with a “bill-and-keep” framework ultimately applicable for all charges. These new rules significantly alter the manner in which all carriers, including carriers such as us that use different service platforms such as wireless and VoIP, are compensated for the origination and termination of telecommunications traffic and the rates that we pay for these services. The FCC new intercarrier compensation regime was upheld on appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. While in their current form, these new rules will result in a loss of revenues for carriers such as us, the FCC has authorized carriers such as us to recover lost revenue attributable to the FCC action through price increases and charges to the end user customer.

On April 18, 2001, the FCC issued a new order regarding intercarrier compensation for ISP-bound traffic. In that Order, the FCC established a new intercarrier compensation mechanism for ISP-bound traffic with declining rates over a three-year period. In addition to establishing a new rate structure, the FCC capped the amount of ISP-bound traffic that would be “compensable” and prohibited payment of intercarrier compensation for ISP-bound traffic to carriers entering new markets. The April 2001 order was appealed to the D.C. Circuit, which ultimately found that the FCC had not provided an adequate legal basis for its ruling, and therefore remanded the matter to the FCC. In the interim, the court let the FCC’s rules stand. In November 2008, the FCC issued revised rules governing the intercarrier compensation regime that would govern ISP-bound traffic. These rules have been upheld on appeal. On October 8, 2004, the FCC issued an order in response to a July 2003 Petition for Forbearance filed by Core Communications (the “Core Petition”) asking the FCC to forbear from enforcing the rate caps, growth cap, and new market and mirroring rules of the remanded April 2001 order. The FCC granted the Core Petition with respect to the growth cap and the new market rules, but denied the Core Petition as to the rate caps and mirroring rules.

CALEA. The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (“CALEA”) requires communications providers to provide law enforcement officials with call content and/or call identifying information under a valid electronic surveillance warrant, and to reserve a sufficient number of circuits for use by law enforcement officials in executing court-authorized electronic surveillance.

CPNI. FCC rules protect the privacy of certain information about customers that communications carriers, including us, acquire in the course of providing communications services. CPNI includes information related to the quantity, technological configuration, type, destination and the amount of use of a communications service. The FCC’s initial CPNI rules prevented a carrier from using CPNI to market certain services without the express approval of the affected customer, referred to as an “opt-in” approach. In July 2002, the FCC revised its opt-in rules in a manner that limits our ability to use the CPNI of our subscribers without first engaging in extensive customer service processes and recordkeeping. Recently, the FCC further modified its CPNI requirements to, among other things, extend CPNI regulations to interconnected VoIP providers, require annual carrier certifications and to impose additional limitations on the release of CPNI without express customer approval. Congress has recently overturned the FCC action extending privacy rules to interconnected VoIP providers.

Universal Service. Section 254 of the Communications Act and the FCC’s implementing rules require all communications carriers providing interstate or international communications services to periodically contribute to the Universal Service Fund (“USF”). The USF supports several programs administered by the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”) with oversight from the FCC, including: (i) communications and information services for schools and libraries, (ii) communications and information services for rural health care providers, (iii) basic telephone service in regions characterized by high communications costs, (iv) basic telephone services for low-income consumers, and (v) interstate access support. Based on the total funding needs for these programs, the FCC determines a contribution factor, which it applies to each contributor’s interstate and international end-user communications revenues. We measure and report our revenues in accordance with rules adopted by the FCC. The contribution rate factors are calculated and revised quarterly and we are billed for our contribution requirements each month based on projected interstate and international end-user communications revenues, subject to periodic true-up. USF contributions may be passed through to consumers on an equitable and nondiscriminatory basis either as a component of the rate charged for communications services or as a separately invoiced line item.

In its “National Broadband Plan,” the FCC offered a series of ambitious proposals to transform the then current universal voice service mandate into one directly supporting universal access to broadband services, phasing out support for voice-only telephone services and replacing it with support for voice-enabled broadband platforms. In November 2011, the FCC expanded the USF to include broadband services as part of the Connect America Fund (“CAF”). The new fund also includes a “Mobility Fund,” making mobile broadband an independent universal service objective.

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Telephone Numbering. The FCC oversees the administration and the assignment of local telephone numbers, an important asset to voice carriers, by NeuStar, Inc., in its capacity as North American Numbering Plan Administrator (“NANC”). Extensive FCC regulations govern telephone numbering, area code designation, and dialing procedures. Since 1996, the FCC has permitted businesses and residential customers to retain their telephone numbers when changing local telephone companies, referred to as local number portability. The availability of number portability is important to competitive carriers like us, because customers, especially businesses, may be less likely to switch to a competitive carrier if they cannot retain their existing telephone numbers.

On May 14, 2009, the FCC issued an order that requires carriers to complete simple wireline and simple intermodal number ports within one business day. The order requires the North American Numbering Council (“NANC”) to develop new process flows that take into account the shortened porting interval.

Slamming. A customer’s choice of local or long distance communications company is encoded in the customer’s record, which is used to route the customer’s calls so that the customer is served and billed by the desired company. A customer may change service providers at any time, but the FCC and some states regulate this process and require that specific procedures be followed. Slamming occurs when these specific procedures are not followed, such as when a customer’s service provider is changed without proper authorization or as a result of fraud. The FCC has levied substantial fines for slamming.

Taxes and Regulatory Fees. We are subject to numerous local, state and federal taxes and regulatory fees, including but not limited to a three percent federal excise tax on local service, FCC regulatory fees and public utility commission regulatory fees. We have procedures in place to ensure that we properly collect taxes and fees from our customers and remit such taxes and fees to the appropriate entity pursuant to applicable law and/or regulation.

The Internet Tax Freedom Act placed a moratorium on taxes on Internet access and multiple, discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce. Certain states have enacted various taxes on Internet access and electronic commerce, and selected states’ taxes are being contested on a variety of bases.

State Regulation

The Communications Act maintains the authority of individual states to impose their own regulation of rates, terms and conditions of intrastate services, so long as such regulation is not inconsistent with the requirements of federal law or has not been preempted. Because we provide communications services that originate and terminate within individual states, including both local service and in-state long distance toll service, we are subject to the jurisdiction of the public utility commission and other regulators in each state in which we provide such services. For instance, we must obtain a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (“CPCN”) or similar authorization before we may commence the provision of communications services in a state. We are certified to provide facilities-based and resold competitive local and interexchange service throughout the contiguous United States the State of Hawaii and the District of Columbia.

In addition to requiring certification, state regulatory authorities often impose tariff and filing requirements and obligations to contribute to state universal service and other funds. State public utility commissions also regulate, to varying degrees, the rates, terms and conditions upon which we and our competitors conduct retail business. In general, state regulation of ILEC retail offerings is greater than the level of regulation applicable to CLECs. In a number of states, however, ILECs either have obtained or continue to actively seek some level of increased pricing flexibility or deregulation, either through amendment of state law or through proceedings before state public utility commissions.

We also are subject to state laws and regulations regarding slamming, cramming, and other consumer protection and disclosure regulations. States further retain the right to sanction a service provider or to revoke certification if the service provider violates relevant laws or regulations. Finally, we may be subject to requirements in some states to obtain prior approval for, or notify the state commission of, any transfers of control, sales of assets, corporate reorganizations, issuance of stock or debt instruments and related transactions.

Rates for intrastate switched access services, which we provide to IXCs to originate and terminate in-state toll calls, are subject to the jurisdiction of the state in which the call originated and/or terminated. State public utility commissions also regulate the rates ILECs charge for interconnection, access to network elements, and resale of services by competitors.

State regulators establish and enforce wholesale service quality standards that RBOCs must meet in providing network elements to CLECs like us. These plans sometimes require payments from the ILECs to the CLECs if quality standards are not met. ILECs are actively petitioning various state commissions to modify the state wholesale quality plans in ways that would reduce or eliminate certain wholesale quality standards.

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Local Regulation

Local governments may regulate aspects of our business through zoning requirements, permit or right-of-way procedures, and franchise fees. In some municipalities where we have installed facilities, we may be required to pay license or franchise fees based on a percentage of our revenues generated from within the municipal boundaries.

Regulation of VoIP

Federal and State

The use of the public Internet and private Internet protocol networks to provide voice communications services, including VoIP, has been largely unregulated within the United States. To date, the FCC has not imposed regulatory surcharges or most forms of traditional common carrier regulation upon providers of Internet communications services, although it has ruled that VoIP providers must contribute to the USF. The FCC has also imposed obligations on providers of two-way interconnected VoIP services to provide E911 service, and it has extended CALEA obligations to such VoIP providers. The FCC has also imposed on VoIP providers the obligation to “port” customers’ telephone numbers when customers switch carriers and desire to retain their numbers. Other aspects of VoIP and Internet telephony services, such as regulations relating to the confidentiality of data and communications, copyright issues and taxation of services, may be subject to federal or state regulation.

In a series of decisions issued in 2004, the FCC clarified that the FCC, not the state public utility commissions, has jurisdiction to decide the regulatory status of IP-enabled services, including VoIP. On November 12, 2004, in response to a request by Vonage Holdings Corp., a VoIP services provider, the FCC issued an order preempting traditional telephone company regulation of VoIP service by the Minnesota Public Utility Commission, finding that the service cannot be separated into interstate and intrastate communications without negating federal rules and policies. In April 2004, the FCC issued an order concluding that, under current rules, AT&T’s phone-to-phone IP telephony service is a telecommunications service upon which interstate access charges may be assessed. This decision, however, is limited to interexchange service that: (1) uses ordinary customer premises equipment with no enhanced functionality; (2) originates and terminates on the PSTN; and (3) undergoes no net protocol conversion and provides no enhanced functionality to end-users due to the provider’s use of IP technology. The FCC made no determination regarding retroactive application of its ruling, and stated that the decision does not preclude it from adopting a different approach when it resolves the IP-enabled services or intercarrier compensation rulemaking proceedings.

In November 2011, the FCC adopted intercarrier compensation rules under which all traffic, including VoIP-PSTN traffic, ultimately will be subject to a bill-and-keep framework. As of December 29, 2011, default rates for toll VoIP-PSTN traffic were required to be equal to interstate access rates applicable to non-VoIP traffic both in terms of rate level and rate structure; default rates for other VoIP-PSTN traffic were required to be reciprocal compensation rates. In addition, VoIP-PSTN traffic is subject to the same phase-down of access rates as are applied to traditional voice traffic. By a Declaratory Ruling released on February 11, 2015, the FCC clarified the applicability of the “VoIP symmetry rule” adopted in the action described above, making it clear that the VoIP symmetry rule is technology and facilities neutral and that, therefore, whether a CLEC partners with a facilities-based or an “over-the-top” VoIP provider, the CLEC is nonetheless deemed to be providing the “functional equivalent” of end office switching for access charge purposes.

Other Domestic Regulation

We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local, and foreign environmental, safety and health laws, and governmental regulations. These laws and regulations govern matters such as the generation, storage, handling, use, and transportation of hazardous materials, the emission and discharge of hazardous materials into the atmosphere, the emission of electromagnetic radiation, the protection of wetlands, historic sites, and endangered species and the health and safety of employees. We also may be subject to laws requiring the investigation and cleanup of contamination at sites we own or operate or at third-party waste disposal sites. Such laws often impose liability even if the owner or operator did not know of, or was not responsible for, the contamination.

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Item 1A.	Risk Factors

Our business faces many risks. Accordingly, existing and prospective investors and shareholders should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information in this report, including the consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements. If any of the following risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that are not currently believed to be important to you also may adversely affect our company.

Risks Related to Our Industry

The communications market in which we operate is highly competitive, and we may not be able to compete effectively against companies that have greater resources and/or different service offerings than we do, which could cause us to lose existing customers and impede our ability to attract new customers.

The communications industry is highly competitive and is affected by the introduction of new services and systems by, and the market activities of, major industry participants with substantial market shares. We have not achieved, and do not expect to achieve, a major share of any of the service, product or geographic markets we serve.

In each of our geographic markets we compete with the incumbent local exchange carrier (“ILEC”) serving that area. ILECs have the following advantages over us:


•	long-standing relationships and strong brand reputation with customers;


•	financial, technical, marketing, personnel and other resources substantially greater than ours;


•	more funds to deploy communications services and systems that compete with ours;


•	the potential to subsidize competitive services with revenue from a variety of businesses;


•	relaxed regulatory oversight, including increased pricing flexibility;


•	larger networks; and


•	benefits from existing regulations that favor ILECs.

We also face, and expect to continue to face, competition in the local exchange market from other existing and potential market participants, such as competitive local exchange carriers (“CLECs”), cable television (“CATV”) companies and wireless service providers. We generally target the same small and medium sized enterprises and multi-location business customers as other CLECs. CATV companies are increasingly targeting these same customers and are doing so at rates lower than we generally offer. We are also increasingly subject to competition from carriers providing voice over Internet protocol (“VoIP”) over the public Internet or private networks. VoIP providers are currently subject to substantially less regulation than traditional local telephone companies and do not pay certain taxes and regulatory charges that we are required to pay.

In the long distance market, we face competition from the ILECs, large and small interexchange carriers (“IXCs”), wireless carriers and VoIP providers. Long distance prices have decreased substantially in recent years and are expected to continue to decline in the future as a result of increased competition.

In addition, the development of new technologies continues to give rise to new competitors in our markets. For example, in the managed services and “cloud” markets, we face competition not only from communications providers, but from major software and social media providers, as well as new entrepreneurial entities.

Further information regarding competition in the communications market is included in the section entitled “Industry and Competition.”

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The communications industry is undergoing rapid technological changes, and new technologies may be superior to the technologies we use. We may fail to anticipate and keep up with such changes.

The communications industry is subject to rapid and significant changes in technology and in customer requirements and preferences. If we fail to anticipate and keep up with such changes, we could lose market share, which could reduce our revenue. We have developed our business based, in part, on traditional telephone technology. Subsequent technological developments may reduce the competitiveness of our network and require expensive unanticipated upgrades or additional communications products that could be time consuming to integrate into our business. We may be required to select one technology over another at a time when it might be impossible to predict with any certainty which technology will prove to be more economic, efficient or capable of attracting customers. In addition, even though we utilize new technologies, such as hosted VoIP and other cloud-based services, we may not be able to implement other new technologies as effectively as other companies with more experience with those new technologies. In addition, while we have deployed new technologies, including soft-switches, EoC, MPLS, SIP and core and edge routers, we may not be able to implement new technology as effectively as other companies with more experience with such technologies.

We are subject to substantial government regulation that may restrict our ability to provide, and may increase the costs we incur to provide, our services.

We are subject to varying degrees of federal, state and local regulation. Pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934 (“Communications Act”), the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) exercises jurisdiction over us with respect to interstate and international services. We must comply with various federal regulations, including rules regarding the content of our bills, protection of subscriber privacy, maintenance of service quality standards and other consumer protection matters. If we fail to comply with federal reporting and regulatory requirements, we may incur fines or other penalties, including loss of our authority to provide services.

State regulatory commissions also exercise jurisdiction over us to the extent we provide intrastate services. We are required to obtain regulatory authorization and/or file tariffs with regulators in many of the states in which we operate. State regulatory commissions also often regulate the rates, terms and conditions at which we offer service. We have obtained all of the certifications necessary for us to provide our services, but each state commission retains the authority to revoke our certificate to provide service in its state if it determines that we have violated any condition of our certification or if it finds that doing so would be in the public interest.

Both federal and state regulators require us to pay various fees and assessments, including contribution to federal and state Universal Service Funds (“USF”). If we fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to fines or potentially be asked to show cause as to why our certificates of authority to provide service should not be revoked.

A discussion of legal and regulatory developments is included in the section entitled “Business - Regulation.”

Elimination or relaxation of regulatory rights and protections could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The FCC has reduced our ability to access certain elements of ILEC telecommunications platforms in ways that have affected our operations. For example, we no longer have the right to require ILECs to sell us unbundled network element platforms (“UNE-P”) and now must obtain such services pursuant to commercial agreements. Expiration or termination of such a commercial arrangement would result in a substantial increase in our cost of service. In certain central offices, we also no longer have the right to require ILECs to sell to us as unbundled network elements (“UNEs”), or have limited access rights to obtain, UNE high capacity circuits that connect our central switching office locations to our customers’ premises. We further no longer have the right to require ILECs to sell us UNE transport between our switches and ILEC switches. Still further, we have only limited or no access to UNE DS1 or DS3 transport on certain interoffice routes. Where we lose unbundled access to high capacity circuits or interoffice transport, we must either find alternative suppliers or purchase substitute circuits from the ILECs as special access, which increases our costs. Finally, our access to certain broadband elements of the ILEC network has been limited or eliminated in certain circumstances, our access to the ILEC’s copper infrastructure could be eliminated if the ILECs elect to retire their copper facilities and the requirement that ILECs provide a 64 kbps voice channel where copper loops have been retired has been eliminated. Inability to access copper facilities would eliminate or reduce our ability to provide EoC and interfere with our ability to provide cost-effective broadband service.

Section 10 of the Communications Act requires the FCC to forbear from applying individual provisions of the Communications Act or its various enabling regulations upon a showing (i) that a statutory provision or a regulation is not necessary to ensure that rates and practices remain just, reasonable and non-discriminatory or otherwise necessary to protect consumers, (ii) that forbearance would generally be in the public interest and (iii) that forbearance would promote competition. Pursuant to

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Section 10, the FCC has effectively deregulated provision of certain broadband services. Exercising its forbearance authority, the FCC has also relieved ILECs in certain markets of their obligation to provide CLECs with unbundled access to network elements at rates mandated by state regulatory commissions. Further exercise by the FCC of its forbearance authority could have an adverse impact on our business and operations.

A discussion of legal and regulatory developments is included in the section entitled “Business - Regulation.”

The communications industry faces significant regulatory uncertainties and the adverse resolution of these uncertainties could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Communications Act remains subject to judicial review and ongoing proceedings before the FCC, including proceedings relating to interconnection pricing, access to and pricing for UNEs and special access services and other issues that could result in significant changes to our business and business conditions in the communications industry generally. Decisions by the FCC have eliminated or reduced our access to certain elements of the ILEC telecommunications platforms we use to serve our customers and increased the rates that we must pay for such elements. Other FCC decisions have reduced our intercarrier compensation revenues and raised our contributions to the USF. Other proceedings are pending before the FCC that could potentially further limit our access to these network elements or further increase the rates we must pay for such elements. Likewise, proceedings before the FCC could impact the availability and price of special access facilities. Other proceedings before the FCC could result in increases in the cost of regulatory compliance. A number of states also have proceedings pending that could impact our access to and the rates we pay for network elements. Other state proceedings could limit our pricing and billing flexibility. Our business would be substantially impaired if the FCC, the courts or state commissions eliminated our access to the facilities and services we use to serve our customers, substantially increased the rates we pay for facilities and services or adversely impacted the revenues we receive from other carriers or our customers. In addition, congressional legislative efforts to rewrite the Communications Act or enact other telecommunications legislation, as well as various state legislative initiatives, may cause major industry and regulatory changes. We cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings or legislative initiatives or the effects, if any, that these proceedings or legislative initiatives may have on our business and operations.

A discussion of legal and regulatory developments is included in the section entitled “Business - Regulation.”

Continued industry consolidation could further strengthen our competitors and could adversely affect our prospects.

Consolidation in the telecommunications industry is occurring at a rapid pace. In addition to the combinations of Verizon and MCI and SBC, AT&T and BellSouth, numerous CLEC combinations have occurred, including several which directly impact our markets such as Windstream/Paetec, Paetec/Cavalier, Earthlink/ITCDeltaCom, Earthlink/One Communications and Verizon/XO Communications. This consolidation strengthens our competitors and poses increased competitive challenges for us. The ILEC/interexchange carrier combinations not only provided the ILECs with national and international networks, but eliminated the two most effective and well-financed opponents of the ILECs in federal and state legislative and regulatory forums and potentially reduced the availability of non-ILEC network facilities. The CLEC combinations provide direct competitors with greater financial, network and marketing assets.

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Risks Related to Our Business

Risks Related to Our Operations

Our success depends on the ability to manage and expand operations effectively.

Our ability to manage and expand operations effectively will depend on the ability to:


•	offer high-quality, reliable services at reasonable costs;


•	introduce new technologies;


•	install and operate telecommunications switches and related equipment;


•	lease access to suitable transmission facilities at competitive prices;


•	scale operations;


•	obtain successful outcomes in disputes and in litigation, rule-making, legislation and regulatory proceedings;


•	successfully negotiate, adopt or arbitrate interconnection agreements with ILECs;


•	acquire necessary equipment, software and facilities;


•	integrate existing and newly-acquired technology and facilities, such as switches and related equipment;


•	evaluate markets;


•	add products;


•	monitor operations;


•	control costs;


•	maintain effective quality controls;


•	hire, train and retain qualified personnel;


•	enhance operating and accounting systems;


•	address operating challenges;


•	adapt to market and regulatory developments; and


•	obtain and maintain required governmental authorizations.

In order for us to succeed, these objectives must be achieved in a timely manner and on a cost-effective basis. If these objectives are not achieved, we may not be able to compete in existing markets or expand into new markets.

If we are unable to retain and attract management and key personnel, we may not be able to execute our business plan.

We believe that our success is due, in part, to our experienced management team. Losing the services of one or more members of our management team could adversely affect our business and possibly prevent us from further improving our operational, financial and information management systems and controls. We do not maintain “key- man” life insurance on any of our officers.

Our ability to implement our business plan is dependent on our ability to retain and hire a large number of qualified new employees each year. The competition for qualified technical and sales personnel is intense in the communications industry and in our markets. If we are unable to hire sufficient qualified personnel, our customers could experience inadequate customer service and delays in the installation and maintenance of service, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our ability to provide our services and systems at competitive prices is dependent on our ability to negotiate and enforce favorable interconnection and other agreements with ILECs.

Our ability to continue to obtain favorable interconnection, unbundling, service provisioning and pricing terms is dependent, in part, on maintenance of interconnection agreements with ILECs. We are party to one or more interconnection agreements in each of the contiguous 48 States, the State of Hawaii and the District of Columbia. The initial terms of all of our interconnection agreements in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic have expired; however, each of these agreements contains an “evergreen” provision that allows the agreement to continue in effect until terminated. If we were to receive a termination notice from an ILEC, we could negotiate a new agreement or initiate an arbitration proceeding at the relevant state commission before the agreement expired. In addition, the Communications Act gives us the right to opt into interconnection agreements which have been entered into by other carriers, provided the agreement is still in effect and provided that we adopt the entire agreement. We are in the process of renegotiating the terms of our New York interconnection agreements with Verizon. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully renegotiate these agreements or any other interconnection agreement on terms favorable to us or at all.

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We also rely on commercial arrangements with ILECs to secure the services and facilities we use to serve our customer. For example, we acquire what would have been UNE-P service from Verizon pursuant to a Wholesale Advantage Agreement. If this agreement were to be terminated or expire, we would be required to convert all of the lines thereunder to resale, which would be substantially less favorable to us in terms of cost and service. We cannot assure you that our commercial agreement with Verizon will be renewed at the end of its term or that it will not be terminated before the end of its term.

We have also entered into interstate contract tariffs with Verizon that allow us to purchase special access facilities at discounted rates. Our new interstate contract tariff requires us to maintain certain dollar levels of purchases of Verizon services. If we were to fail to maintain these purchase levels, our contract tariff would likely be terminated, causing our cost of service to rise substantially. We cannot assure you that our contract tariff will be renewed at the end of its term or that it will not be terminated before the end of its term.

We maintain other commercial arrangements with Verizon pursuant to which we purchase unregulated network facilities. We cannot assure you that these commercial agreements with Verizon will be renewed at the end of their terms or that they will not be terminated before the end of their terms.

Our various interconnection and certain commercial agreements with Verizon contain provisions pursuant to which we could be compelled to provide letters of credit in an amount of up to two months’ anticipated billings if, in any two months of a consecutive 12-month period, we fail to timely pay undisputed amounts due Verizon and fail to promptly cure such nonpayment. The provision of such letters of credit could adversely impact our liquidity position. Our various interconnection and certain commercial agreements with Verizon also substantially limit the time period within which both we and Verizon can (i) backbill for services rendered to the other and (ii) dispute charges for services rendered to the other.

Due to their control of “last-mile” access to many of our customers, if we experience difficulties in working with ILECs, our ability to offer services on a timely and cost-effective basis could be materially and adversely affected.

Our business depends on our ability to interconnect with ILEC networks and to lease from the ILECs certain essential network elements. We obtain access to these network elements and services under terms established in interconnection agreements, contract tariffs and commercial arrangements that we have entered into with ILECs. Like many competitive communications services providers, from time to time, we have experienced difficulties in working with ILECs with respect to obtaining information about network facilities, ordering and maintaining network elements and services, interconnecting with ILEC networks and settling financial disputes. These difficulties can impair our ability to provide service to customers on a timely and competitive basis. If an ILEC refuses to cooperate or otherwise fails to support our business needs for any other reason, including labor shortages, work stoppages, cost-cutting initiatives or disruption caused by mergers, other organizational changes or terrorist attacks, our ability to offer services on a timely and cost-effective basis can be materially and adversely affected.

We depend on a limited number of non-ILEC third-party service providers for long distance, data, cloud, managed and other services, and if any of these providers were to experience significant interruptions in its business operations, or were to otherwise cease to provide such services to us, our ability to provide services to our customers could be materially and adversely affected.

We depend on a limited number of non-ILEC third-party service providers for long distance, data, cloud, managed and other services. If any of these non-ILEC third-party providers were to experience significant interruptions in their business operations, terminate their agreements with us or fail to perform the services or meet the standards of quality required under the terms of our agreements with them, our ability to provide these services to our customers could be materially and adversely affected for a period of time that we cannot predict. If we have to migrate the provision of these services to an alternative provider, we cannot assure you that we would be able to timely locate alternative providers of such services, that we could migrate such services in a short period of time without significant customer disruption so as to avoid a material loss of customers or business, or that we could do so at economical rates.

System disruptions or the failure of our information systems to perform as expected could result in increased capital expenditures, customer and vendor dissatisfaction, loss of business or the inability to add new customers or additional services.

Our success ultimately depends on providing reliable service. Our provision of services may be disrupted by problems in the network, such as equipment failures and problems with a competitor’s or vendor’s system, such as physical damage to telephone lines or power surges and outages. In addition, our engineering and operations organizations continually monitor and analyze the utilization of our network. As a result, they may develop projects to modify or eliminate network circuits that are underutilized. This ongoing process may result in limited network outages for a subset of our customers. Any disruption in our network could cause the loss of customers and result in additional expenses.

2526

The day-to-day operation of our business is highly dependent on our ability to protect our communications and information technology systems from damage or interruptions by events beyond our control. Sabotage, computer viruses or other infiltration by third parties could damage or disrupt our service, damage our facilities, damage our reputation and cause us to lose customers, among other things. A catastrophic event could materially harm our operating results and financial condition. Catastrophic events could include a terrorist attack in markets where we operate or a major earthquake, fire, or similar event that would affect our central offices, corporate headquarters, network operations center or network equipment.

In recent years, the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states have been struck by multiple catastrophic storms. These storms have, in some cases, demolished the network infrastructure of our principal facilities provider in key areas. They have also caused substantial damage to our network infrastructure. Such natural disasters have, and in the future may again, materially harm our operating results and financial condition.

Certain real estate leases and agreements are important to our business and failure to maintain such leases and agreements could adversely affect us.

Our switches are housed in facilities owned by third parties. Our use of these facilities is subject to multiple real estate leases. If we were to lose one or more of these leases, the resultant relocation of one or more of our switches would be costly and disruptive to our business and customers. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain all of the real estate leases governing our multiple switch sites.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected if our customers terminate their contracts or are migrated by sales agents to another carrier.

Customers, whether on “month-to-month” arrangements or long-term contracts, periodically terminate their contracts, with or without penalties. If a significant percentage of customers or a significant number of key customers should terminate their service agreements with us, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Also, certain of our agreements with sales agents do not expressly preclude the sales agent from migrating the customers they secured for us to other carriers. Sales agents could attempt to obtain from these customers the authorization to replace us as the customers’ service provider. If a number of customers were to be migrated away from our service by sales agents, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our customers are impacted by conditions in the economy as a whole. If conditions in the economy worsen, our customers may experience increasing business downturns or bankruptcies. Such adverse economic impacts could result in reduced sales, higher churn and greater bad debt for us. Reduced sales and higher churn could also result from concerns that we may not be able to repay our indebtedness. Any combination of these factors could adversely impact our operating results and financial performance.

We may engage in future acquisitions that are not successful or fail to integrate acquired businesses into our operations, which may adversely affect our competitive position and growth prospects.

As part of our business strategy, we may acquire other entities that we believe are complementary to our business. We may be unable to identify suitable acquisition candidates, or if we do identify such acquisition candidates, we may not successfully complete those transactions that are commercially favorable to us or at all, which may adversely affect our competitive position and growth prospects.

If we acquire another business, we may face difficulties, including:


•	integrating the personnel, services, products or technologies of that business into our operations;


•	retaining key personnel of that business;


•	failing to adequately identify or assess liabilities of that business;


•	failing to achieve the forecasts we used to determine the purchase price of that business; and


•	diverting our management’s attention from the normal daily operation of our business.

These difficulties could disrupt our ongoing business and increase our expenses. As of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K, we have no agreements to enter into any material acquisition transactions.

2627

In addition, our ability to complete acquisitions will depend, in part, on our ability to finance these acquisitions, including the costs of acquisition and integration. Our ability may be constrained by our cash flow, the level of our indebtedness at the time, restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness, conditions in the securities markets, regulatory constraints and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. If we proceed with one or more acquisitions in which the consideration consists of cash, we may use a substantial portion of our available cash to complete the acquisitions. If we finance one or more acquisitions with the proceeds of indebtedness, our interest expense and debt service requirements could increase materially. The financial impact of acquisitions could materially affect our business and could cause substantial fluctuations in our quarterly and yearly operating results.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Advanced services, such as our “cloud” and hosted VoIP services, may generate claims of intellectual property infringement.

We provide a variety of advanced services, such as our “cloud” and hosted VoIP services. These services rely on patents and other intellectual property that third parties may claim infringe their intellectual property. Such claims may materially and adversely affect our ability to continue to sell or provide advanced services to retail and wholesale customers.

We license certain intellectual property to certain other carriers for the provision of hosted VoIP service. We are often contractually bound to indemnify these other carriers in the event that a third party alleges that our intellectual property infringes its intellectual property rights. If our licensees’ provision of hosted VoIP services were to be made the subject of intellectual property infringement claims, our financial position could be adversely impacted.

Misappropriation of our intellectual property and proprietary rights could impair our competitive position, and defending against intellectual property infringement and misappropriation claims could be time consuming and expensive and, if we are not successful, could cause substantial expenses and disrupt our business.

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as licensing agreements, third party non-disclosure agreements, agreements with employees and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that these protections will be adequate to prevent our competitors from copying or reverse-engineering our hardware or software products, or that our competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technology.

In addition, we cannot be sure that the products, services, technologies and advertising we employ in our business do not or will not infringe valid patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to intellectual property of others in the ordinary course of our business. Defending against intellectual property infringement or misappropriation claims could be time consuming and expensive regardless of whether we are successful, and could cause substantial expenses and disrupt our business.

As an Internet access provider, we may incur liability for information disseminated through our network.

The law relating to the liability of Internet access providers and on-line services companies for information carried on or disseminated through their networks is unsettled. As the law in this area develops, the potential imposition of liability upon us for information carried on and disseminated through our network could require us to implement measures to reduce our exposure to such liability, which may require the expenditure of substantial resources or the discontinuation of certain products or service offerings. Any costs that are incurred as a result of such measures or the imposition of liability could harm our business.

Risks Related to Our Finances

We have a history of net losses and we may not be profitable in the future.

We have experienced significant net losses. We recorded net ~~losses~~income of $92.83 million in 2016, and net losses of $9.28 million and $89.52 million in 2015, ~~2014~~ and ~~2013~~2014, respectively. We ~~expect to continue to experience losses for the foreseeable future. We~~ cannot assure you that we will become profitable in the future.

Our revenues have declined for the past several years and we can provide no assurance that we can reverse that trend of revenue declines or offset such declines with cost reductions.

2728

Our current billing disputes with our vendors may cause us to pay our vendors certain amounts of money, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and which may cause us to be unable to meet certain financial covenants related to our senior indebtedness.

We are involved in a variety of disputes with multiple carrier vendors relating to billings of approximately $1012.14 million as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016. When we identify an error in a vendor’s bill, we dispute the amount that we believe to be incorrect and often withhold payment for that portion of the invoice. Errors we routinely identify on bills include, but are not limited to, vendors billing us for services we did not consume, vendors billing us for services we did not order, vendors billing us for services that should have been billed to another carrier, vendors billing us for services using incorrect rates or the wrong tariff, and vendors failing to provide the necessary supporting detail to allow us to bill our customers or verify the accuracy of the bill. While we hope to resolve these disputes through negotiation, we may be compelled to arbitrate or litigate these matters. The resolution of these disputes may require us to pay the vendor an amount that is greater than the amount for which we have planned or even the amount the vendor claims is owed if late payment charges are assessed, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In the event that disputes are not resolved in our favor and we are unable to pay the vendor charges in a timely manner, the vendor may deny us access to the network facilities that we require to serve our customers. If the vendor notifies us of an impending “embargo” of this nature, we may be required to notify our customers of a potential loss of service, which may cause a substantial loss of customers. It is not possible at this time to predict the outcome of these disputes.

For more information regarding our billing disputes, see the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Disputes.”

Difficulties we may experience with ILECs, interexchange carriers and wholesale customers over payment issues may harm our financial performance.

We have at times experienced difficulties collecting amounts due to us for services that we provide to ILECs and IXCs. These balances due to us can be material. We cannot assure you that we will be able to reach mutually acceptable settlements to collect overdue and disputed payments in the future.

Our interconnection agreements allow ILECs to decrease order processing, disconnect customers and increase our security deposit obligations for delinquent payments. If an ILEC makes an enforceable demand for an increased security deposit, we could have less cash available for other expenses. If an ILEC were to cease order processing or disconnect customers, our business and operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Periodically, our wholesale customers experience financial difficulties. To the extent that the credit quality of our wholesale customers deteriorates or they seek bankruptcy protection, we may have difficulty collecting amounts due for services that we have provided to them. While we maintain security deposits and often retain the right to solicit end-user customers, we cannot assure you that such mechanisms will provide us adequate protection.

We periodically have disagreements with ILECs and interexchange carriers regarding the interpretation and application of laws, rules, regulations, tariffs and agreements. Adverse resolution of these disagreements may impact our revenues and our costs of service, both prospectively and retroactively. Some of the disagreements can be quantified and are included among our outstanding billing disputes with Verizon and other carriers (see the risk factor entitled “Our current billing disputes with our vendors may cause us to pay our vendors certain amounts of money, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and which may cause us to be unable to meet certain financial covenants related to our senior indebtedness”), while others cannot be quantified because their resolution will depend upon public policy determinations not yet made by the FCC. If one or more of such disagreements were resolved through litigation or arbitration against us, such adverse resolution could require us to pay more for services than we had planned.

Periodic audits conducted by State Taxing and other Authorities may result in imposition on us of additional liabilities.

We are required to collect from our customers and remit to various State Taxing Authorities numerous local, state and federal taxes and to pay to federal and state regulatory authorities various regulatory fees and assessments. Moreover, we are required to contribute to the Universal Service Administration Company and are subject to state escheat laws. State Taxing and other Governmental Authorities periodically conduct audits of our compliance with taxing, regulatory, USF and escheat payment obligations. While we have put in place procedures to ensure that we properly collect taxes and fees from our customers and remit such taxes and fees to the appropriate entity pursuant to applicable law and/or regulation, if our collection procedures prove to be insufficient or if a taxing, regulatory, USF or escheat authority determines that our remittances were inadequate, we could be required to make additional payments, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

2829

Declining prices for communications services could reduce our revenues and profitability.

We may fail to achieve acceptable profits due to pricing. Prices in telecommunication services have declined substantially in recent years, a trend which continues. Accordingly, we cannot predict to what extent we may need to reduce our prices to remain competitive or whether we will be able to sustain future pricing levels as our competitors introduce competing services or similar services at lower prices. Our ability to meet price competition may depend on our ability to operate at costs equal to or lower than those of our competitors or potential competitors.

Risks Associated with Our Notes

~~Our~~Uncertainty ~~substantial~~surrounding ~~indebtedness may restrict~~ our ~~operating~~ability ~~flexibility~~to asrefinance ~~the indenture governing~~ our ~~Notes~~existing ~~and~~indebtedness ~~the~~raises ~~credit~~significant ~~agreement~~doubt ~~governing~~about our ~~Revolving~~ability ~~Credit~~to ~~Facility~~continue ~~contain~~as ~~certain~~a ~~restrictive~~going ~~covenants~~concern.

As of December 31, 2016, our outstanding indebtedness consisted of $150.0 million (face value), 10.5% senior secured notes due on November 15, 2017 and $11.5 million under our Revolving Credit Facility due on October 1, 2017. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance our notes or our Revolving Credit Facility on or prior to their respective maturity dates, nor can we assure you that if we are able to refinance all or a part of our indebtedness, we will be able to do so on commercially reasonable terms. In the event an infusion of capital or a refinancing does not occur, management does not believe that we will have the necessary cash to repay the principal of our senior secured notes when due. Our inability to repay the senior secured notes upon maturity without refinancing raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. See Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 for more information.

Our substantial indebtedness may restrict our operating flexibility, could adversely affect our financial health and could prevent us from fulfilling our financial obligations.

Our substantial indebtedness may restrict our operating flexibility, which could adversely affect our financial health and could prevent us from fulfilling our financial obligations. The indenture governing our Notes and the credit agreement governing our Revolving Credit Facility contain covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to take specific actions, even if we believe them to be in our best interest, including restrictions on our ability to:


•	incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock;


•	pay dividends or distributions on, or redeem or repurchase, capital stock;


•	create liens with respect to our assets;


•	make investments, loans or advances;


•	prepay subordinated indebtedness;


•	enter into transactions with affiliates;


•	merge, consolidate or sell our assets; and


•	engage in any business other than activities related or complementary to communications.

WeAs ~~cannot~~of December 31, ~~assure~~2016, ~~you that~~ we ~~will~~had $161.9 bemillion of ~~able~~total tooutstanding ~~meet these requirements or satisfy these covenants in future~~indebtedness. If weOur ~~fail to do so, our~~ indebtedness ~~under~~could ~~our~~significantly ~~Notes~~affect ~~and~~ our ~~Revolving~~financial ~~Credit~~health ~~Facility could become accelerated~~ and ~~payable at a time when we are unable to pay such indebtedness. Such acceleration could adversely affect~~ our ability to ~~carry~~fulfill ~~out~~ our ~~business~~financial ~~plan~~obligations. ~~and~~For ~~would~~example, ~~have~~ a ~~negative~~high ~~effect~~level onof ~~our~~indebtedness ~~financial condition.~~could:

On• ~~August 22,~~make ~~2012,~~it ~~the~~more ~~Company,~~difficult ~~and each of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, filed voluntary petitions~~ for ~~reorganization~~us ~~under~~to ~~Chapter~~satisfy 11our ofcurrent ~~the~~and ~~U.S.~~future Bankruptcy Code in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. As a result of the resultant reorganization, we were substantially de-levered; nonetheless, we still have significant long-term debt obligations~~. At December 31, 2015, we had $163.0 million of total outstanding indebtedness. Our substantial indebtedness could:~~;

• make it more difficult for us to satisfy current and future debt obligations;


•	make it more difficult for us to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes;

• require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operating activities to the payment of principal and interest on ~~the~~our indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available to us for our operations and other purposes, including investments in service development, capital spending and acquisitions;


•	place us at a competitive disadvantage to our competitors who are not as highly leveraged as we are;

• make us vulnerable to interest rate fluctuations, if itwe ~~incurs~~incur any indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates;


•	impair our ability to adjust to changing industry and market conditions; and

• make us more vulnerable in the event of a further downturn in general economic conditions or in our business or changing market conditions and regulations.

~~Although~~We ~~the~~cannot ~~credit~~assure ~~agreement~~you ~~governing~~that ~~our~~we ~~Revolving Credit Facility and the indenture governing our Notes limits our ability to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions~~ will be ~~subject~~able to ameet ~~number~~these ofrequirements ~~qualifications~~or ~~and~~satisfy ~~exceptions~~these ~~and,~~covenants ~~under certain circumstances, debt incurred~~ in ~~compliance~~future. If ~~with~~we ~~these~~fail ~~restrictions~~to ~~could~~do beso, ~~substantial.~~our Inindebtedness ~~addition,~~under ~~the~~our ~~credit~~Notes ~~agreement~~and ~~governing~~ our Revolving Credit Facility ~~and~~could ~~the~~become ~~indenture~~accelerated ~~governing~~and ~~our~~payable ~~Notes~~at ~~will~~a ~~not~~time ~~prevent~~when uswe ~~from~~are ~~incurring~~unable ~~obligations~~to ~~that~~pay dosuch ~~not constitute~~ indebtedness. ToSuch ~~the~~acceleration ~~extent~~could ~~that~~adversely weaffect ~~incur~~our ~~additional~~ability ~~indebtedness~~to orcarry ~~such~~out ~~other obligations, the risks associated with~~ our ~~substantial~~business ~~leverage,~~plan ~~including~~and ~~the~~would ~~possible~~have ~~inability~~a tonegative ~~service~~effect on our ~~debt,~~financial ~~would increase~~condition.

For more information regarding restrictions on our borrowing, see the section entitled, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”30

29Although the indenture governing the Notes and the credit agreement governing our Revolving Credit Facility will limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions and, under certain circumstances, debt incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. In addition, the indenture governing the Notes and the credit agreement governing our Revolving Credit Facility will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness. See the section entitled, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.” To the extent that we incur additional indebtedness or such other obligations, the risks associated with our substantial leverage, including our possible inability to service our debt, would increase.

Our outstanding indebtedness of $150.0 million (face value) in the form of 10.5%senior secured notes are due on November 15, 2017 and outstanding indebtedness of $11.5 million in the form of our Revolving Credit Facility is due on October 1, 2017. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance or repay these notes or this facility on or prior to their respective maturity dates, which may affect our ability to continue as a going concern. See Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 for more information.

To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. The ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to repay or to refinance obligations with respect to our indebtedness, including our Notes, our Revolving Credit Facility and the funding of planned capital expenditures, depends on our future financial and operating performance. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. These factors could include operating difficulties, diminished access to necessary network facilities, increased operating costs, significant customer churn, pricing pressures, the response of competitors, regulatory developments and delays in implementing strategic initiatives.

As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, we held cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $1524.27 million and we had drawn $1211.5 million on our Revolving Credit Facility.

There can be no assurance that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund other liquidity needs. As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, we required approximately $3115.58 million in cash to service the interest due on our Notes, which mature in November 2017, throughout their remaining life. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, including our Notes and our Revolving Credit Facility, at or before maturity. There can be no assurances that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including our Notes and our Revolving Credit Facility, on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

For more information regarding our liquidity, see the section entitled, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”


Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

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Table of Contents


Item 2.	Properties

Our corporate headquarters is located in Rye Brook, New York. We do not own any facilities. The table below lists our current material leased facilities.

Location	Lease Expiration	Approximate Square Footage
Offices:
King of Prussia, PA	January 2022	57,209
New York, NY	June 2019	28,567
Rye Brook, NY	April 2019	27,088
Ottawa, CN	June 2018	10,824
Quincy, MA	October 2018	10,811
Melville, NY	October 2018	9,348
Switches:
New York, NY	December 2022	38,500
Philadelphia, PA	July 2023	16,617
Long Island City, NY	October 2019	14,941
Charlestown, MA	April 2020	10,464
Philadelphia, PA	Month to month	21,000
Syracuse, NY	October 2019	8,000
Philadelphia, PA	January 2023	5,928
Herndon, VA	June 2020	5,000


Item 3.	Legal Proceedings

We are party to certain legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. We are also involved in certain billing and contractual disputes with our vendors. We do not believe that the ultimate outcome of any of the foregoing actions will result in any liability that would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

For more information regarding our contractual disputes with our vendors, see the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors - Our current billing disputes with our vendors may cause us to pay our vendors certain amounts of money, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and which may cause us to be unable to meet certain financial covenants related to our senior indebtedness” and “Risk Factors - Our ability to provide our services and systems at competitive prices is dependent on our ability to negotiate and enforce favorable interconnection and other agreements.”


Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

3132

PART II


Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There is no established public trading market for our common stock. We have not declared or paid cash dividends for the past two fiscal years and we do not anticipate that we will pay any dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future, and our ability to pay dividends is restricted by the instruments governing our outstanding indebtedness. Any payment of cash dividends on our common stock in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future prospects, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. The following table lists the number of record holders by each class of stock as of ~~March~~April 1510, ~~2016~~2017:

Class of Equity Security		Holders of Record
Common stock		~~182~~152

See Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans” for information regarding our equity compensation plans.


Item 6.	Selected Financial Data

The following tables set forth our selected consolidated financial data for the periods indicated. The selected consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014 and as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. The selected consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, ~~2012~~2013 and ~~2011~~2012 and as of December 31, ~~2013~~2014, ~~2012~~2013 and ~~2011~~2012 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included elsewhere in this report.

The following financial information is qualified by reference to and should be read in conjunction with the section of this report entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. All dollar amounts are in thousands.

3233

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013			2012			2011
	2016			2015			2014			2013			2012
Statements of operations data:
Revenues	$	~~291~~288,~~109~~755		$	~~300~~291,~~469~~109		$	~~315~~300,~~363~~469		$	~~340~~315,~~907~~363		$	~~377~~340,~~989~~907
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (1)	~~129~~122,~~977~~063			~~139~~129,~~412~~977			~~147~~139,~~505~~412			~~164~~147,~~232~~505			~~178~~164,~~292~~232
Selling, general and administrative	~~123~~118,~~667~~222			~~122~~123,~~354~~667			~~124~~122,~~001~~354			~~130~~124,~~777~~001			~~132~~130,~~997~~777
Depreciation and amortization	2928,~~440~~258			29,~~831~~440			3229,~~839~~831			3632,~~382~~839			3936,~~508~~382
Total operating expenses	~~283~~268,~~084~~543			~~291~~283,~~597~~084			~~304~~291,~~345~~597			~~331~~304,~~391~~345			~~350~~331,~~797~~391
Income from operations	820,~~025~~212			8,~~872~~025			118,~~018~~872			911,~~516~~018			279,~~192~~516
Reorganization items (2)	—			—			(1,072		)	(8,415		)	—
Reorganization items	—			—			—			(1,072		)	(8,415		)
Interest expense	(16,~~485~~598		)	(16,~~790~~485		)	(1716,~~196~~790		)	(3517,~~200~~196		)	(3835,~~302~~200		)
Interest income	2640			2326			3323			5033			7050
Other income	—			—			—			—			183
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	3,654			(8,434		)	(7,895		)	(7,217		)	(34,049		)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(8,434		)	(7,895		)	(7,217		)	(34,049		)	(10,857		)
Provision for income taxes	(1,390		)	(1,358		)	(1,332		)	(1,264		)	(1,224		)
Provision for income taxes	(1,358		)	(1,332		)	(1,264		)	(1,224		)	(1,347		)
Net income (loss)	$	2,264		$	(9,792	)	$	(9,227	)	$	(8,481	)	$	(35,273	)
Net loss	$	(9,792	)	$	(9,227	)	$	(8,481	)	$	(35,273	)	$	(12,204	)
Statements of cash flow data:
Cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	2232,~~671~~093		$	1922,~~984~~671		$	2219,~~898~~984		$	1222,~~760~~898		$	2712,~~907~~760
Investing activities	(2421,~~479~~467		)	(2324,~~172~~479		)	(2223,~~545~~172		)	(622,~~631~~545		)	(296,~~800~~631		)
Financing activities	2(1,~~524~~091		)	92,~~502~~524			(19,~~946~~502		)	(191,~~317~~946		)	(~~387~~19,317		)
	December 31,
	2015			2014			2013			2012			2011
	2016			2015			2014			2013			2012
Balance Sheet data:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1524,~~173~~708		$	1415,~~457~~173		$	814,~~143~~457		$	98,~~736~~143		$	229,~~924~~736
Investment securities	—			—			—			—			13,567
Property and equipment, net	48,641			54,125			57,011			61,070			68,381
Property and equipment, net	54,125			57,011			61,070			68,381			80,488
Goodwill	98,238			98,238			98,238			98,238			98,238
Total assets	~~202~~204,~~877~~319			~~209~~202,~~004~~877			209,~~222~~004			~~226~~209,~~411~~222			~~276~~226,~~588~~411
Total debt, including current portion	~~162~~161,~~978~~895			~~160~~162,~~454~~978			~~150~~160,~~952~~454			~~152~~150,~~898~~952			~~322~~152,~~555~~898
Total stockholders’ equity (deficiency)	(108,~~807~~551		)	(110,~~015~~807		)	8(1,~~212~~015		)	168,~~693~~212			~~(114~~16,~~177~~693		)

___________________________


(1)	Exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2) Expenses that result from reorganization activities and restructuring are reported as reorganization items in our consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.34


Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the “Selected Financial Data” and the “Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included elsewhere in this report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below and elsewhere in this report, including information with respect to our plans and strategies for our business and related financing, includes forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. In evaluating such statements, existing and prospective investors should specifically consider the various factors identified in this report that could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements, including matters set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors”. Many of the amounts and percentages presented in this discussion and analysis have been rounded for convenience of presentation, and all amounts included in tables are presented in thousands.

Overview

We are a leading provider of cloud-based unified communication services (“UCaaS”) and information technology solutions to small and medium sized businesses (“SMB”) and enterprise customers nationwide. We offer a broad suite of cloud-based systems and services under the brand OfficeSuite® to our end-user customers nationwide. Our end-user customers have approximately ~~150~~182,000 active licenses on our flagship product OfficeSuite® Phone. OfficeSuite® Phone comprises a growing percentage of our overall recurring revenue and the vast majority of our existing cloud-based revenue stream. In addition, we generate revenue from third-party service providers utilizing our technology and OfficeSuite® Phone on a white-label or wholesale basis. These third-party service providers offer services to their own end-user customers located in Canada, certain European countries and the United States with aapproximately ~~similar~~100,000 ~~number of~~ currently active licenses.

We benefit from software development expertise, proprietary technology and a strong next-generation network infrastructure. This allows us to offer our customers more than just cloud-based services, but additionally products that include advanced, converged communications services and network access by leveraging our network infrastructure, on a cost-effective basis. We have provided cloud-based services in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States since 2005 and offered cloud-based services nationwide since late 2009. ~~Prior to 2009~~Previously, our focus had been solely on markets across 10 states, including the major metropolitan markets of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. These markets remain important markets for us and we have the majority of our sales efforts focused on these markets. We sell through multiple channels including our direct sales force, our channel partners which offers all of our end-user products in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions and our cloud products nationwide, our inside sales channel, and our wholesale channel which provides our services to other carriers and resellers.

As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, we provided our services to ~~over~~approximately 20,000 business customers nationwide. For the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, approximately 88% of our total revenue was generated from end-users in a wide array of industries, including professional services, health care, education, manufacturing, real estate, retail, automotive, non-profit groups and others. For the same period, approximately 12% of our total revenue was generated from wholesale, carrier access and other market channels. For the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, we generated revenues of $~~291~~288.18 million, and Adjusted EBITDA of $3949.62 million. For more information, see the “Adjusted EBITDA Presentation” later in this section.

For the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014, we recorded operating income of $820.02 million, $8.90 million and $118.09 million, respectively. For the ~~years~~year ended December 31, ~~2015,~~2016 ~~2014 and 2013,~~ we recorded net ~~losses~~income of $92.83 million, ~~$9.2 million~~ and ~~$8.5~~for ~~million,~~the ~~respectively.~~years ~~Although~~ended weDecember 31, ~~expect~~2015 toand ~~have~~2014, net losses ~~for~~of ~~the~~$9.8 ~~foreseeable~~million ~~future~~and $9.2 million, werespectively. We continue to search for ways of increasing operating efficiencies that could potentially offset continued pressures on revenue and margin. We have also developed new technology and products that are being sold through new and existing sales channels that are growing, which may increase revenues and gross margin.

34Our business is subject to several macro trends, some of which negatively affect our operating performance. Among these negative trends are lower wireline voice usage per customer, which translates into less usage-based revenue and lower unit pricing for certain services. In addition, we continue to face other industry-wide trends including rapid technology changes and overall increases in competition from existing large competitors such as Verizon Communications, Inc. (“Verizon”) and established cable operators, competitive local exchange carriers and newer entrants such as cloud, wireless and other service providers. These factors are partially mitigated by several positive factors. These include a more stable customer base, increasing revenue per customer due to the trend of customers buying more products from us as we deploy new technology and expand our offerings, higher contribution margins for our cloud services, a focus on larger customers and an overall increase in demand for data, managed and cloud-based services. Although our overall revenue has declined, we have partially mitigated the impact of the revenue decline on our overall operating results by various price increases, revenue assurance efforts, reducing costs of revenue and certain of our selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) costs, and by the achievement of certain operating efficiencies throughout the organization.

Our business is subject to several macro trends, some of which negatively affect our operating performance. Among these negative trends are lower wireline voice usage per customer, which translates into less usage-based revenue and lower unit pricing for certain services. In addition, we continue to face other industry-wide trends including rapid technology changes and overall increases in competition from existing large competitors such as Verizon and established cable operators, competitive local exchange carriers and newer entrants such as cloud, wireless and other service providers. These factors are partially mitigated by several positive factors. These include a more stable customer base, increasing revenue per customer due to the trend of customers buying more products from us as we deploy new technology and expand our offerings, higher contribution margins for our cloud services, a focus on larger customers and an overall increase in demand for data, managed and cloud-based services. Although our overall revenue has declined, we have partially mitigated the impact of the revenue decline on our overall operating results by various price increases, revenue assurance efforts, reducing costs of revenue and certain of our selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) costs, and by the achievement of certain operating efficiencies throughout the organization.35

As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, we had approximately ~~165~~155 sales, sales management and sales support employees, including approximately ~~120~~115 quota-bearing representatives in all sales channels, the majority of whom target SMB and enterprise customers in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. We also offer our OfficeSuite® cloud-based solutions, including our OfficeSuite® Phone product, on a nationwide basis, where we sell through channel partners, VARs/MSPs/ nationwide distributors/strategic partners and web channels.

We focus our sales efforts on selling cloud-based services to communications intensive business customers who purchase multiple products, many of whom have multiple locations. These customers generally purchase higher margin services in multi-year contracts, and consequently maintain higher retention rates. Historically, our focus was on providing T-1- and IP-based products as well as our cloud-based services.

For the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, revenue from customers purchasing T-1- and IP-based products and cloud-based services, including cloud-based computing services and cloud related access, represented 8284% of our end-user revenue with the remaining 1816% of end-user revenue coming from customers purchasing only traditional services. Of the 8284% of end-user revenue from customers purchasing T-1- and IP-based products and cloud-based services, 2935% of end-user revenue was generated by cloud-based services, 3734% of end-user revenue was generated by other T-1- and IP-based products, and 1615% of end-user revenue was generated by traditional voice services provided to those customers purchasing T-1- and IP-based products and cloud-based services. For the same period, T-1- and IP-based products and cloud-based services represented approximately 88% of new end-user sales, with typical incremental gross profit margins in excess of 60%. ~~Cloud~~Sales of cloud-based services, including sales of both cloud-based computing services and cloud related access, represented approximately 6166% of new end-user sales while other T-1- and IP-based products represented 2722% of new end-user sales. Since ~~2011~~2012, cloud-based products and services have grown at a 1514% ~~compounded~~compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”). ~~Annual~~In ~~growth~~the offourth ~~our~~quarter ~~end-user~~of ~~cloud~~2016 ~~revenue~~relative ~~stream~~to ~~slowed~~the ~~substantially~~fourth ~~following~~quarter ~~our~~of ~~2012 restructuring. However~~2015, ~~in recent periods we have seen a renewed acceleration of~~ our end-user ~~cloud~~pure ~~revenue. Our end-user~~ cloud revenue ~~increased~~grew 920% inand ~~2014~~our ~~relative~~end-user tocloud ~~2013~~access ~~and~~grew 155%, resulting in ~~2015~~overall ~~compared to 2014. End~~end-user cloud revenue ~~increased~~growth ~~17% in the 4th quarter~~ of ~~2015 relative to the same period in the prior year~~16%.

Our facilities-based network encompasses approximately 3,000 route miles of metro and long-haul fiber including both owned and dark fiber, primarily pursuant to Indefeasible Right of Use (“IRU”) and ~~257~~252 colocations. Our network architecture pairs the strength of a traditional infrastructure with IP and MPLS platforms. These platforms, in conjunction with our software development expertise and proprietary technology, allow us to offer a product line that includes advanced, converged services, such as our cloud-based solutions, Virtual Private Network (“VPN”) and complex multi-location services, on a cost effective basis. Our network topology incorporates metro Ethernet over Copper (“EoC”) access technology, enabling us to provide multi-megabit data services through copper loops to customers from selected major metropolitan colocations, resulting in lower costs and higher margins. In addition, we are able to deliver our cloud-based communications services nationwide utilizing partner carriers for last-mile access and via customer provided access, i.e. bring your own broadband. A significant portion of our customer base has been migrated to our IP- and multiprotocol label switching (“MPLS”)-based infrastructure, which enhances the performance of our network. ~~As of December 31, 2015, approximately 76% of our total installed lines were provisioned on-net.~~

Following the restructuring of our balance sheet in the third quarter of 2012, we began making incremental investments in various organic revenue growth initiatives, including enhancements to our direct sales force and channel partners programs, marketing support, product development and software development for our hosted Voice Over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”) product offering. The total cost of these initiatives is substantial, representing several million dollars of incremental spending. These investments are likely to continue as we maintain our focus on potential growth initiatives.

As a result of these initiatives, our recent levels of new customers, sales, activations, backlog pending activation and customer and revenue retention have improved. Because of these and other factors, we believe we are in a period of relative revenue and EBITDA stability, and will continue to focus on further accelerating the growth of our cloud revenue stream. However, during the transition to improving results, we may continue to experience some volatility due to several factors, including but not limited to our ongoing growth investments and the occurrence of certain non-recurring items that affect our results.

3536

Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), management evaluated whether there are conditions or events, considered in aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Management believes we will have sufficient cash to repay the outstanding principal of $11,500 on our $25,000 Senior Revolving Credit Facility (“Credit Facility”) at its October 1, 2017 maturity date. However, management does not believe we will have sufficient cash to repay the principal of $150,000 on our New Notes at its November 15, 2017 maturity date. Accordingly, we may need to raise additional funds. Therefore, the Company has retained financial and legal counsel to pursue and evaluate various strategic alternatives, including a potential sale of all or part of the Company, and both long-term and short-term financing alternatives. We may seek to raise such capital through debt financings, bank borrowings, public or private equity financings, strategic disposition of assets, the business or portions of the business. Any future strategic options or other significant unplanned costs or cash requirements may also require that we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt or equity. Although we have had positive cash flows from operations in each of the last several years, there is uncertainty surrounding our refinancing or strategic plans. This uncertainty, coupled with management's belief we will not have sufficient cash to repay the principal on our New Notes at its maturity date, raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our auditors have included a paragraph in this report which raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. There is no assurance that we will be able to accomplish all or any of these items. See the section entitled “- Liquidity and Capital Resources”. Our consolidated financial statements included in this report have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of the recorded assets or the classification of liabilities that may be necessary should it be determined that we are unable to continue as a going concern. We are currently pursuing strategic and refinancing alternatives and anticipate conducting our business consistent with past practices during this process. See Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 for more information.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain financial data as a percentage of total revenues.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
	2016		2015		2014
Revenues:
Voice and data services:
Cloud	2529.03	%	2125.0	%	1821.30	%
NonCloud	5955.94	%	6459.09	%	6864.20	%
Ancillary	23.82	%	2.8	%	2.78	%
Voice and data services	87.79	%	87.87	%	8987.28	%
Wholesale	9.02	%	89.50	%	78.35	%
Carrier access	2.01	%	2.30	%	2.13	%
Total network services	9899.72	%	98.67	%	98.6	%
Other	10.38	%	1.43	%	1.4	%
Total revenues	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Operating expenses:
Network services	4341.9	%	4543.69	%	4645.36	%
Other cost of revenues	0.74	%	0.87	%	0.58	%
Selling, general and administrative	4240.59	%	4042.75	%	3940.37	%
Depreciation and amortization	109.18	%	910.91	%	109.49	%
Total operating expenses	9793.20	%	97.02	%	9697.50	%
Income from operations	27.80	%	32.08	%	3.50	%
Reorganization items	—	%	—	%	(0.3	)%
Interest expense	(5.7	)%	(5.7	)%	(5.6	)%
Interest expense	(5.7	)%	(5.6	)%	(5.5	)%
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	1.3	%	(2.9	)%	(2.6	)%
Loss before provision for income taxes	(2.9	)%	(2.6	)%	(2.3	)%
Provision for income taxes	(0.5	)%	(0.5	)%	(0.5	)%
Provision for income taxes	(0.5	)%	(0.5	)%	(0.4	)%
Net income (loss)	0.8	%	(3.4	)%	(3.1	)%
Net loss	(3.4	)%	(3.1	)%	(2.7	)%

Key Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

Our revenues, as detailed in the table above, consist primarily of network services revenues, which consists primarily of voice and data managed and cloud-based services, wholesale services and access services. Voice and data services consist of local dial tone, long distance and data services, as well as managed and cloud-based services. Wholesale services consist of voice and data services, cloud-based services, and transport services provided to other carriers, as well as data colocation services provided to end users and other carriers. Similar to our end-user revenue, greater than 20% of our wholesale revenue stream consists of cloud-based services. Carrier access services include carrier access and reciprocal compensation revenue, which consists primarily of usage charges that we bill to other carriers to originate and terminate their calls from and to our customers. Network services revenues represents a predominantly recurring revenue stream linked to our ~~retail~~end-user and wholesale customers.

For the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016 approximately 88% of our total revenue was generated from end-user customer voice and data products and services. Revenue from data and integrated voice/data products, including cloud-based services and T-1/T-3 and other managed services has been trending to an increasing percentage of our overall revenue over the past several years, while voice revenues have been declining primarily due to the decline in revenue from traditional voice services, or Plain Old Telephone Services (“POTS”). Our cloud-based revenues have grown from ~~2011~~2012 to ~~2015~~2016 at a 1514% CAGR. As a result, the average quarterly decline in our core voice and data revenue, which excludes certain ancillary voice and data revenue components, has improved ~~since~~significantly ~~2009,~~over ~~with~~the anpast ~~average~~several ~~quarterly~~years. We ~~decrease~~expect ~~approaching~~our $0voice inand ~~2015~~data asrevenue ~~compared~~will continue to abe ~~peak~~characterized ~~sequential~~by ~~decrease~~significant ofgrowth ~~$4.7~~in ~~million~~our inend-user ~~the~~cloud ~~quarter~~revenue ~~ended~~offsetting ~~June~~most, 30if not all, ~~2009~~of the decline in our traditional revenue streams. Our cloud-based products and services comprised approximately 2935% of our end-user revenue and approximately 6166% of new end-user sales in ~~2015~~2016. We continue to focus on cloud-based, data and managed services as growth opportunities as we expect the industry to trend toward lower usage components of legacy products such as long distance and local usage. This lower usage is primarily driven by trends toward customers using more online and wireless communications and bundling of minutes of usage in product offerings.

3638

Cost of Revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Our ~~network services~~ cost of revenues consists primarily of both the cost of operating our network facilities and the costs related to ~~our~~providing ~~off-net~~last mile facilities to our customers. Determining our cost of revenues requires significant estimates. The network components for our facilities-based business include the cost of:


•	leasing local voice grade loops and digital lines which connect our customers to our network;


•	leasing high capacity digital lines that connect our switching equipment to our colocations;


•	leasing high capacity digital lines and related trunking that interconnect our network with the Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers (“ILECs”) and other carrier partners;


•	leasing space, power and terminal connections in the ILEC central offices for colocating our equipment;


•	signaling system network connectivity;


•	leasing space and purchasing power to support our various switch site locations; and


•	Internet transit and peering, which is the cost of delivering Internet traffic from our customers to the public Internet.

The costs to obtain local loops, digital lines and high capacity digital interoffice transport facilities from the ILECs vary by carrier and state, are governed by our various ILEC interconnection agreements and other ILEC contracts and tariffs and are regulated under federal and state laws. Within our footprint we often obtain local loops, T-1 lines and interoffice transport capacity from the ILECs. We also obtain interoffice facilities from carriers other than the ILECs, where possible, in order to lower costs and improve network redundancy; however, in many cases, the ILECs are our only source for local loops and T-1 lines. We have entered into agreements with cable providers as another alternative for local loops.

Our off-net ~~network services~~ cost of revenues consists in part of amounts that we pay to Verizon, Frontier Communications Corporation ("Frontier"), Fairpoint Communications, Inc. (“FairPoint”) and AT&T, Inc. (“AT&T”) pursuant to ~~our~~ commercial agreements we have with each of them. Rates for such services are prescribed in the commercial agreements and available for the term of the agreements. The FairPoint commercial agreement operates on a month-to-month basis. Our Verizon commercial agreement expires in 2019. The ~~Company~~Frontier ~~has~~& ~~also~~AT&T ~~entered into multiple tariffed~~ agreements ~~with~~expire ~~Verizon~~in ~~under~~October ~~which~~2017 ~~the~~after ~~Company purchases special access services as well as an associated commercial agreement pursuant to~~ which ~~the~~both ~~Company takes a variety of high-bandwith services; these~~ agreements ~~have~~continue ~~substantial~~on ~~revenue~~a ~~commitments. These~~month ~~tariffed~~to ~~agreements~~month ~~and associated commercial agreement expire at the end of 2017~~basis. ~~The Frontier Communications Corporation agreement expires in October 2017, as does the AT&T agreement.~~

~~Our~~We ~~network~~have ~~services~~also ~~cost~~entered ofinto ~~revenues~~multiple ~~also~~tariffed ~~include~~agreements ~~the~~with ~~fees~~Verizon weunder ~~pay~~which ~~for~~we ~~long~~purchase ~~distance,~~special ~~data~~access ~~and~~services ~~other~~as ~~services.~~well Weas ~~have~~an ~~entered~~associated ~~into~~commercial ~~long-term~~agreement ~~wholesale~~pursuant ~~purchasing~~to ~~agreements~~which ~~for~~we ~~these~~take ~~services.~~a ~~Some~~variety of high-bandwith services; these agreements ~~contain~~have ~~significant~~substantial ~~termination~~cost ~~penalties~~commitments. These tariffed agreements and~~/or~~ ~~minimum~~associated ~~volume~~commercial ~~commitments.~~agreement expire at the end of 2017.

Our cost of revenues also include fees we pay for long distance, data and other services. We have entered into long-term wholesale purchasing agreements for these services with a variety of partners. Some of these agreements contain significant termination penalties and/or minimum volume commitments.

Gross Profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), referred to herein as “gross profit”, as presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, represents income from operations, before depreciation and amortization and SG&A. Gross profit is a non-GAAP financial measure used by our management, together with financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP such as revenue, cost of revenue, and income from operations, to assess our historical and prospective operating performance.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, a reconciliation of gross profit to income ~~(loss)~~ from operations as income from operations is calculated in accordance with GAAP:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
	2016			2015			2014
Income from operations	$	820,~~025~~212		$	8,~~872~~025		$	118,~~018~~872
Add back non-gross profit items included in income from operations:
Depreciation and amortization	2928,~~440~~258			29,~~831~~440			3229,~~839~~831
Selling, general and administrative	~~123~~118,~~667~~222			~~122~~123,~~354~~667			~~124~~122,~~001~~354
Gross profit	$	161,132		$	161,057		$	167,858
Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$	166,692		$	161,132		$	161,057
Percentage of total revenue	5557.47		%	5355.64		%	53.26		%

3739

Gross profit as used by the Company is not a financial measurement prepared in accordance with GAAP. Gross profit is a measure of the general efficiency of our network costs in comparison to our revenue. As we expense the current cost of our network against current period revenue, we use this measure as a tool to monitor our progress with regard to network optimization and other operating metrics.

Our management also uses gross profit to evaluate performance relative to that of our competitors. This financial measure permits a comparative assessment of operating performance, relative to our performance based on our GAAP results, while isolating the effects of certain items that vary from period to period without any correlation to core operating performance or that vary widely among similar companies. Our management believes that gross profit is a particularly useful comparative measure within our industry.

We provide information relating to our gross profit so that analysts, investors and other interested persons have the same data that management uses to assess our operating performance, which permits them to obtain a better understanding of our operating performance and to evaluate the efficacy of the methodology and information used by our management to evaluate and measure such performance on a standalone and a comparative basis.

Our gross profit may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies due to differences in accounting policies and items excluded or included in the adjustments, which limits its usefulness as a comparative measure. In addition, gross profit has other limitations as an analytical financial measure. These limitations include the following:


•	gross profit does not reflect our capital expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures;


•	gross profit does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, associated with our indebtedness;


•	although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will likely have to be replaced in the future, and gross profit does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and


•	gross profit does not reflect the SG&A expenses necessary to run our ongoing operations.

Our management compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results to evaluate our operating performance and by considering independently the economic effects of the foregoing items that are or are not reflected in gross profit. As a result of these limitations, gross profit should not be considered as an alternative to income from operations, as calculated in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of operating performance.

Selling, General and Administrative

SG&A is comprised primarily of salaries and related expenses, software development expenses, occupancy costs, sales and marketing expenses, commission expenses, bad debt expense, billing expenses, professional services expenses, and insurance expenses.

Determining our allowance for doubtful accounts receivable requires significant estimates. In determining the proper level for the allowance we consider factors such as historical collections experience, the aging of the accounts receivable portfolio and economic conditions. We perform a credit review process on each new significant customer that involves reviewing the customer’s current service provider bill and payment history, matching customers with national databases for delinquent customers and, in some cases, requesting credit reviews through Dun & Bradstreet Corporation.

~~Beginning~~Following in the ~~latter~~restructuring ~~part~~ of ~~2012~~our ~~and~~balance ~~continuing~~sheet ~~throughout~~in ~~2015~~the third quarter of 2012, we ~~launched~~began ~~several~~making ~~new~~incremental ~~initiatives~~investments ~~directed~~in atvarious ~~supporting~~organic ~~our~~ revenue growth initiatives~~. These~~, ~~included~~including ~~recruiting~~enhancements ~~expenses~~to ~~for~~our ~~new~~direct sales ~~personnel,~~force ~~new~~and ~~quota~~channel ~~bearing~~partners ~~sales~~programs, ~~personnel~~marketing support, product development and ~~sales~~software ~~management,~~development ~~purchasing~~for ~~lead~~our ~~generation~~hosted ~~data~~Voice ~~bases,~~Over ~~increasing~~Internet ~~support~~Protocol ~~for~~(“VoIP”) ~~channel~~product ~~sales,~~offering. The ~~increasing~~total ~~software~~cost ~~and~~of ~~systems~~these ~~development~~initiatives ~~teams~~is ~~for~~substantial, ~~OfficeSuite®~~representing ~~and~~several ~~costs~~million ~~associated~~dollars ~~with~~of aincremental ~~new~~spending. These ~~sales~~investments ~~and~~are ~~customer~~likely ~~relationship~~to ~~management~~continue ~~software~~as ~~package~~we ~~implementation~~maintain our focus on potential growth initiatives.

Depreciation and Amortization

Our depreciation and amortization expense includes depreciation for network related voice and data equipment, fiber, back-office systems, third party conversion costs, furniture, fixtures, leasehold improvements, office equipment and computers and amortization of intangibles associated with mergers, acquisitions and software development costs.

~~Reorganization Items~~40

Our expenses that resulted from the Chapter 11 reorganization activities and restructuring are reported as reorganization items in our consolidated statements of operations. Our reorganization expenses consisted entirely of a transaction bonus and professional fees associated with the restructuring, including the preparation of the Registration Statement and subsequent amendments on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in 2013.

Adjusted EBITDA Presentation

Adjusted EBITDA as presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations represents net income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, interest income and expense, provision for income taxes, and other non-recurring items described in the table below that are not part of our core operations. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure used by our management, together with financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP such as net income (loss), income from operations and revenues, to assess our historical and prospective operating performance.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) as net income (loss) is calculated in accordance with GAAP:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
	2016			2015			2014
Net loss	$	(9,792	)	$	(9,227	)	$	(8,481	)
Net income (loss)	$	2,264		$	(9,792	)	$	(9,227	)
Add back non-EBITDA items included in net loss:
Add back non-EBITDA items included in net income (loss):
Depreciation and amortization	2928,~~440~~258			29,~~831~~440			3229,~~839~~831
Interest expense, net of interest income	16,~~459~~558			16,~~767~~459			1716,~~163~~767
Provision for income taxes	1,~~358~~390			1,~~332~~358			1,~~264~~332
EBITDA	3748,~~465~~470			3837,~~703~~465			4238,~~785~~703
Severance and related separation costs	~~193~~—			~~562~~193			~~241~~562
Professional fees related to strategic initiatives	~~696~~592			—696			—
Reorganization items	—			—			1,072
Costs associated with early termination of lease, net	91			—			—
Cost associated with settlements	~~1,268~~—			—1,268			—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	3949,~~622~~153		$	39,~~265~~622		$	4439,~~098~~265
Percentage of total revenues	1317.60		%	13.16		%	1413.01		%

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA to enhance its understanding of our operating performance, which represents management’s views concerning our performance in the ordinary, ongoing and customary course of operations. Management historically has found it helpful, and believes that investors have found it helpful, to consider an operating measure that excludes items that are not reflective of our core operations. Accordingly, the exclusion of these items in our non-GAAP presentation should not be interpreted as implying that these items are non-recurring, infrequent or unusual. Management believes that, for the reasons discussed below, our use of a supplemental financial measure, which excludes these expenses, facilitates an assessment of our fundamental operating trends and addresses concerns of management and of our investors that these expenses may obscure such underlying trends. Management notes that each of these expenses is presented in our financial statements and discussed in the management’s discussion and analysis section of our reports filed with the SEC, so that investors have complete information about the expenses.

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The information about our operating performance provided by this financial measure is used by management for a variety of purposes. Management regularly communicates ~~its~~ Adjusted EBITDA results to our board of directors and discusses with the board management’s interpretation of such results. Management also compares our Adjusted EBITDA performance against internal targets as a key factor in determining cash bonus compensation for executives and other employees, primarily because management believes that this measure is indicative of how the business is performing and is being managed. In addition, our management uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our performance relative to that of our competitors. This financial measure permits a comparative assessment of operating performance, relative to our performance based on our GAAP results, while isolating the effects of certain items that vary from period to period without any correlation to operating performance.

Our management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a particularly useful comparative measurement within our industry. The communications industry has experienced recent trends of increased merger and acquisition activity and financial restructurings. These activities have led to significant charges to earnings, such as those resulting from integration costs and debt restructurings, and to significant variations among companies with respect to capital structures and cost of capital (which affect interest expense) and differences in taxation and book depreciation of facilities and equipment (which affect relative depreciation expense), including significant differences in the depreciable lives of similar assets among various companies. Adjusted EBITDA facilitates company-to-company comparisons in the communications industry by eliminating some of the foregoing variations. By permitting investors to review both the GAAP and non-GAAP measures, companies that customarily use similar non-GAAP measures facilitate an enhanced understanding of historical financial results and enable investors to make more meaningful company-to-company comparisons.

We provide information relating to our Adjusted EBITDA so that analysts, investors and other interested persons have the same data that management uses to assess our operating performance, which permits these analysts, investors and other interested persons to obtain a better understanding of our operating performance and to evaluate the efficacy of the methodology and information used by our management to evaluate and measure such performance both on a standalone and a comparative basis. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA should be viewed only as a supplement to the GAAP financial information.

Our Adjusted EBITDA may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies due to differences in accounting policies and items excluded or included in the adjustments, which limits its usefulness as a comparative measure. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA has other limitations as an analytical financial measure. These limitations include the following:


•	Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our capital expenditures, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments to purchase capital equipment;


•	Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, associated with our indebtedness;

• although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated ~~and amortized~~ will likely have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and


•	Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the effect of earnings or charges resulting from matters that management considers not indicative of our ongoing operations.

Our management compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results to evaluate operating performance and by considering independently the economic effects of the foregoing items that are or are not reflected in Adjusted EBITDA. As a result of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as calculated in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of operating performance or as an alternative to any other GAAP measure of operating performance.

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Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2015

Set forth below is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The following table provides a breakdown of components of our gross profit for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016				2015
	Amount		% of Total Revenues		Amount		% of Total Revenues		% Change
Revenues:
Network services	$	286,360	99.2	%	$	287,379	98.7	%	(0.4	)%
Other	2,395		0.8	%	3,730		1.3	%	(35.8	)%
Total revenues	$	288,755	100.0	%	$	291,109	100.0	%	(0.8	)%

Cost of revenues:
Network services	$	120,774	41.9	%	$	127,869	43.9	%	(5.5	)%
Other	1,289		0.4	%	2,108		0.7	%	(38.9	)%
Total cost of revenues	$	122,063	42.3	%	$	129,977	44.6	%	(6.1	)%

Gross profit:
Network services	$	165,586	57.3	%	$	159,510	54.8	%	3.8	%
Other	1,106		0.4	%	1,622		0.6	%	(31.8	)%
Total gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$	166,692	57.7	%	$	161,132	55.4	%	3.5	%

Revenues

Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016				2015
	Amount		% of Total Revenues		Amount		% of Total Revenues		% Change
Revenues:
Voice and data services:
Cloud	$	84,669	29.3	%	$	72,729	25.0	%	16.4	%
NonCloud	160,078		55.4	%	174,629		59.9	%	(8.3	)%
Ancillary	8,976		3.2	%	7,994		2.8	%	12.3	%
Voice and data services	253,723		87.9	%	255,352		87.7	%	(0.6	)%
Wholesale	26,708		9.2	%	26,084		9.0	%	2.4	%
Carrier access	5,929		2.1	%	5,943		2.0	%	(0.2	)%
Total network services	286,360		99.2	%	287,379		98.7	%	(0.4	)%
Other	2,395		0.8	%	3,730		1.3	%	(35.8	)%
Total revenues	$	288,755	100.0	%	$	291,109	100.0	%	(0.8	)%

Revenues from voice and data services decreased $1.6 million or 0.6% between 2015 and 2016. Within voice and data services, revenues from cloud-based services increased $11.9 million, or 16.4%. This increase is due to our expanded efforts on selling our cloud-based services. Revenues from core voice and data services, excluding cloud-based services, decreased $14.6 million, or 8.3% due to: i) a lower number of lines and customers, ii) lower usage revenue per customer and iii) lower prices per unit for certain traditional services. Ancillary voice and data revenues increased $1.0 million primarily due to nonrecurring revenue. Wholesale revenues increased $0.6 million or 2.4%, driven by increased sales of certain products including cloud-based services. Carrier access revenues, which includes a net negative change in non-recurring amounts, decreased by 0.2%. Excluding the non-

recurring revenue, core access increased due to several factors, including: increasing levels of traffic to which access charges are applicable, offset by lower per-minute rates charged to carriers as a result of Federal Communications Commission-mandated rate decreases. Our other revenues decreased $1.3 million or 35.8% between 2015 and 2016 as a result of a reduction in certain non-ancillary revenues associated with our contracting traditional revenue stream.

Cost of Revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Cost of revenues were $122.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of 6.1% from $130.0 million for the same period in 2015. The decrease is primarily due to the increased proportion of cloud-based services, the identification and elimination of certain inefficiencies in our operating platforms and negotiations of lower costs from our vendors. As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues decreased to 42.3% in 2016 from 44.6% in 2015.

Gross Profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Gross profit was $166.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of 3.5% from $161.1 million for the same period in 2015. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit increased to 57.7% in 2016 from 55.4% in 2015. We are focusing sales initiatives towards increasing the amount of cloud-based services, as we believe that these initiatives will produce incrementally higher margins than those currently reported from traditional voice services. In addition, as we continue to drive additional cost saving initiatives, including provisioning customers to our on-net facilities, identifying additional inaccuracies in

billing from existing carriers, renegotiating existing agreements and executing new agreements with additional vendors, we believe

that our gross profit as a percentage of revenue will continue to improve over time.

Selling, General and Administrative

SG&A expenses were $118.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of 4.4% from $123.7 million for the same period in 2015. As a percentage of revenues, SG&A expenses decreased to 40.9% in 2016 from 42.5% in 2015. The decrease is primarily due to i) employee related costs resulting from lower headcount and related expense, ii) repairs & contract maintenance and service maintenance as a result of cost saving initiatives in various categories,

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization costs were $28.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of 3.7% from $29.4 million. This decrease in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily the result of property and equipment becoming fully depreciated during 2015.

Interest

Interest expense was $16.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a slight increase from $16.5 million in 2015. Our effective annual interest rates for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
Interest expense	$	16,598		$	16,485
Weighted average debt outstanding	$	162,003		$	160,799
Effective interest rate ⁽¹⁾	10.25		%	10.25		%

(1) The effective interest rate was 10.36% for the year ended December 31, 2016, excluding a non-debt related interest adjustment.

Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2014

Set forth below is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

The following table provides a breakdown of components of our gross profit for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015				2014
	Amount		% of TotalRevenues		Amount		% of TotalRevenues		% Change
Revenues:
Network services	$	287,379	98.7	%	$	296,244	98.6	%	(3.0	)%
Other	3,730		1.3	%	4,225		1.4	%	(11.7	)%
Total revenues	$	291,109	100.0	%	$	300,469	100.0	%	(3.1	)%
Cost of revenues:
Network services	$	127,869	43.9	%	$	137,158	45.6	%	(6.8	)%
Other	2,108		0.7	%	2,254		0.8	%	(6.5	)%
Total cost of revenues	$	129,977	44.6	%	$	139,412	46.4	%	(6.8	)%
Gross profit:
Network services	$	159,510	54.8	%	$	159,086	53.0	%	0.3	%
Other	1,622		0.6	%	1,971		0.6	%	(17.7	)%
Total gross profit	$	161,132	55.4	%	$	161,057	53.6	%	—	%
Total gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$	161,132	55.4	%	$	161,057	53.6	%	—	%

Revenues

Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2015				2014
	Amount		% of Total Revenues		Amount		% of Total Revenues		% Change
Revenues:
Voice and data services:
Cloud	$	72,729	25.0	%	$	62,995	21.0	%	15.5	%
NonCloud	174,629		59.9	%	192,351		64.0	%	(9.2	)%
Ancillary	7,994		2.8	%	8,494		2.8	%	(5.9	)%
Voice and data services	255,352		87.7	%	263,840		87.8	%	(3.2	)%
Wholesale	26,084		9.0	%	25,633		8.5	%	1.8	%
Carrier access	5,943		2.0	%	6,771		2.3	%	(12.2	)%
Total network services	287,379		98.7	%	296,244		98.6	%	(3.0	)%
Other	3,730		1.3	%	4,225		1.4	%	(11.7	)%
Total revenues	$	291,109	100.0	%	$	300,469	100.0	%	(3.1	)%

Revenues from voice and data services decreased $8.5 million or 3.2% between 2014 and 2015. Within voice and data services, revenues from cloud-based services increased $9.7 million, or 15.5%. This increase is due to our expanded efforts on selling our cloud-based services. Revenues from core voice and data services, excluding cloud-based services, decreased $17.7 million, or 9.2%, and ancillary voice and data revenues decreased by $0.5 million. The decrease in non-cloud core services was due to: i) a lower number of lines and customers, ii) lower usage revenue per customer and iii) lower prices per unit for certain traditional services. Wholesale revenues increased $0.5 million or 1.8%. The increase is attributable to growth from new customers. Carrier access revenues decreased $0.8 million or 12.2% which includes a net positive change in non-recurring amounts. Excluding ~~the non-recurring revenue, core access revenues decreased due to several factors, including: i) decreasing levels of traffic to which~~

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the non-recurring revenue, core access revenues decreased due to several factors, including: i) decreasing levels of traffic to which access charges are applicable, including decreases in end-user voice customer traffic, and ii) lower per-minute rates charged to carriers as a result of Federal Communications Commission-mandated rate decreases. Our other revenues decreased $0.5 million or 11.7% between 2014 and 2015.

Cost of Revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Cost of revenues were $130.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, a decrease of 6.8% from $139.4 million for the same period in 2014 primarily due to the overall decline in revenue. The decrease is also due to the identification and elimination of certain inefficiencies in our operating platforms and negotiations of lower costs from our vendors. As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues decreased to 44.6% in 2015 from 46.4% in 2014.

Gross Profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Gross profit was $161.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, unchanged from the same period in 2014. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit increased to 55.4% in 2015 from 53.6% in 2014. We are focusing sales initiatives towards increasing the amount of cloud-based services and T-1-based services, as we believe that these initiatives will produce incrementally higher margins than those currently reported from traditional voice services. In addition, as we continue to drive additional cost saving initiatives, including provisioning customers to our on-net facilities, identifying additional inaccuracies in billing from existing carriers, renegotiating existing agreements and executing new agreements with additional vendors, we believe that our gross profit as a percentage of revenue will continue to improve over time.

Selling, General and Administrative

SG&A expenses were $123.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, an increase of 1.1% from $122.4 million for the same period in 2014. As a percentage of revenues, SG&A expenses increased to 42.5% in 2015 from 40.7% in 2014. The increase as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to the decrease in revenues in 2015, as we continue to invest in growth initiatives.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization costs were $29.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, a decrease of 1.3% from $29.8 million.

Interest

Interest expense was $16.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, a decrease of 1.8% from $16.8 million for the same period in 2014. Our effective annual interest rates for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014
Interest expense	$	16,485		$	16,790
Weighted average debt outstanding	$	160,799		$	153,736
Effective interest rate	10.325		%	10.992		%

Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2013

Set forth below is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

The following table provides a breakdown of components of our gross profit for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2014				2013
	Amount		% of TotalRevenues		Amount		% of TotalRevenues		% Change
Revenues:
Network services	$	296,244	98.6	%	$	310,916	98.6	%	(4.7	)%
Other	4,225		1.4	%	4,447		1.4	%	(5.0	)%
Total revenues	$	300,469	100.0	%	$	315,363	100.0	%	(4.7	)%
Cost of revenues:
Network services	$	137,158	45.6	%	$	145,981	46.3	%	(6.0	)%
Other	2,254		0.8	%	1,524		0.5	%	47.9	%
Total cost of revenues	$	139,412	46.4	%	$	147,505	46.8	%	(5.5	)%
Gross profit:
Network services	$	159,086	53.0	%	$	164,935	52.3	%	(3.5	)%
Other	1,971		0.6	%	2,923		0.9	%	(32.6	)%
Total gross profit	$	161,057	53.6	%	$	167,858	53.2	%	(4.1	)%

Revenues

Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2014				2013
	Amount		% of TotalRevenues		Amount		% of TotalRevenues		% Change
Revenues:
Voice and data services:
Cloud	$	62,995	21.0	%	$	57,697	18.3	%	9.2	%
NonCloud	192,351		64.0	%	215,073		68.2	%	(10.6	)%
Ancillary	8,494		2.8	%	8,417		2.7	%	0.9	%
Voice and data services	263,840		87.8	%	281,187		89.2	%	(6.2	)%
Wholesale	25,633		8.5	%	22,977		7.3	%	11.6	%
Carrier access	6,771		2.3	%	6,752		2.1	%	0.3	%
Total network services	296,244		98.6	%	310,916		98.6	%	(4.7	)%
Other	4,225		1.4	%	4,447		1.4	%	(5.0	)%
Total revenues	$	300,469	100.0	%	$	315,363	100.0	%	(4.7	)%

Revenues from voice and data services decreased $17.3 million or 6.2% between 2013 and 2014. Within voice and data services, revenues from cloud-based services increased $5.3 million, or 9.2%. This increase is due to our expanded efforts on selling our cloud-based services. Revenues from core voice and data services, excluding cloud-based services, decreased $22.7 million, or 10.6%, and ancillary voice and data revenues increased by $0.1 million. The decrease in non-cloud core services was due to: i) line churn which exceeded line additions, ii) lower usage revenue per customer, iii) lower prices per unit for certain traditional services and iv) a lower number of lines and customers. Wholesale revenues increased $2.7 million or 11.6%. The increase is attributable to growth from new customers. Carrier access revenues were unchanged. Our other revenues decreased $0.2 million or 5.0% between 2013 and 2014.

Cost of Revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Cost of revenues were $139.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of 5.5% from $147.5 million for the same period in 2013 primarily due to the overall decline in revenue. The decrease is also due to the identification and elimination of certain inefficiencies in our operating platforms and negotiations of lower costs from our vendors. As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues decreased to 46.4% in 2014 from 46.8% in 2013. Our costs consist primarily of those incurred from other providers and those incurred from the cost of our network. Costs where we purchased services or products from third party providers comprised $106.7 million, or 76.5% of our total cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $112.0 million, or 75.9%, in the year ended December 31, 2013. The most significant components of our costs purchased from third party providers consist of costs related to our Verizon commercial contract, UNE-L costs and T-1 costs, which totaled $20.7 million, $11.1 million and $36.5 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2014. Combined, these costs decreased by 11.3% between 2013 and 2014. These costs totaled $24.2 million, $13.9 million and $38.9 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Gross Profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Gross profit was $161.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of 4.1% from $167.9 million for the same period in 2013. The decrease in gross profit is primarily due to the decline in revenue. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit increased to 53.6% in 2014 from 53.2% in 2013. We are focusing sales initiatives towards increasing the amount of cloud-based services and T-1-based services, as we believe that these initiatives will produce incrementally higher margins than those currently reported from traditional voice services. In addition, as we continue to drive additional cost saving initiatives, including provisioning customers to our on-net facilities, identifying additional inaccuracies in billing from existing carriers, renegotiating existing agreements and executing new agreements with additional vendors, we believe that our gross profit as a percentage of revenue will improve over time.

Selling, General and Administrative

SG&A expenses were $122.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of $1.6 million from $124.0 million for the same period in 2013. This decrease is primarily due to i) a one time settlement in 2013 for a tax audit of $1.0 million covering the years 2004 through 2012 and ii) a $1.0 million decrease in headcount related costs, offset by modest fluctuations of several other expenses. As a percentage of revenues, SG&A expenses increased to 40.7% in 2014 from 39.3% in 2013. The increase as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to the decrease in revenues in 2014.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization costs were $29.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of 9.1% from $32.8 million for the same period in 2013. This decrease in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily the result of property and equipment becoming fully depreciated during the latter part of 2013.

Interest

Interest expense was $16.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of 2.3% from $17.2 million for the same period in 2013. This decrease is primarily the result of the reduced principal and related interest on our capital lease line. Our effective annual interest rates for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013
Interest expense	$	16,790		$	17,196
Weighted average debt outstanding	$	153,736		$	152,011
Effective interest rate	10.9		%	11.3		%

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no special purpose or limited purpose entities that provide off-balance sheet financing, liquidity, or market or credit risk support, and we do not currently engage in hedging, research and development services, or other relationships that expose us to any liabilities that are not reflected on the face of our financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and uses of liquidity

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash from operations, cash and cash equivalents on hand and a revolving credit facility. Our revolving credit facility has a current maximum availability of $25.0 million and is due inon ~~May~~October 1, 2017. Any outstanding amounts under the revolving credit facility are subject to a borrowing base limitation based on an advance rate of 85% of the amount of eligible receivables, as defined. Our borrowing base has limited our availability to $17.36 million, of which $1211.5 million was outstanding as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016. In addition to our normal operating requirements, our short-term liquidity needs consist of interest on the Notes, which are due in November 15, 2017, capital expenditures and working capital. As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, our $1524.27 million of cash and cash equivalents was being held in several large financial institutions, although most of our balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. We ~~anticipate that our current cash and cash equivalents balances, along with cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to meet working capital requirements for at least the next twelve months.~~

As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, we will require approximately $3115.58 million in cash to service the interest due on the Notes throughout the remaining life of the Notes. For the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, the Company incurred capital expenditures of $2421.75 million. Fixed and success-based capital expenditures will continue to be a significant use of liquidity and capital resources. A majority of our planned capital expenditures are “success-based” expenditures, meaning that they are directly linked to expected new revenue.

As of December 31, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of $24,708. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including the notes and our credit facility, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. However, we continuously evaluate and consider all strategic and financing opportunities. Any future strategic options or other significant unplanned costs or cash requirements may also require that we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt or equity. In the event refinancing does not occur, we believe we will have sufficient cash to repay the principal on the Revolving Credit Facility at its October 1, 2017 maturity date. However, we do not believe we will have the necessary cash to repay the principal of our notes due November 15, 2017. Although we have had positive cash flows from operations in each of the last several years, there is uncertainty surrounding the refinancing. Our inability to repay our notes upon maturity without refinancing raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our independent auditors included an explanatory paragraph in their report on the accompanying consolidated financial statements regarding concerns about our ability to continue as a going concern. See Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 for more information.

Disputes

We continue to be involved in a variety of disputes with multiple carrier vendors relating to billings of approximately $1012.14 million as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016. While we hope to resolve these disputes through negotiation, we may be compelled to arbitrate these matters. We believe we have accrued an amount appropriate to settle all outstanding disputed charges. However, it is possible that the actual settlement of any outstanding disputes may differ from our reserves and that we may settle at amounts greater than the estimates. We believe we will have sufficient cash on hand to fund any differences between our expected and actual settlement amounts. In the event that disputes are not resolved in our favor and we are unable to pay the vendor charges in a timely manner, the vendor may deny us access to the network facilities that we require to serve our customers. If the vendor notifies us of an impending “embargo” of this nature, we may be required to notify our customers of a potential loss of service, which may cause a substantial loss of customers. It is not possible at this time to predict the outcome of these disputes.

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Table of Contents

Year Ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, ~~2014~~2015

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $2232.71 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, compared to $2022.07 million for the same period in ~~2014~~2015. This increase in cash flow from operating activities is primarily due to ~~the~~higher ~~timing~~consolidated ofearnings ~~ordinary~~and ~~business~~an increase in net operating ~~activities~~assets.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $2421.5 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, compared to $2324.25 million for the same period in ~~2014~~2015. The change in cash flow from investing activities was primarily due to ana ~~increase~~decrease in capital expenditures of $13.03 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash ~~provided~~used byin financing activities was $21.51 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $92.5 million for the same period in ~~2014~~2015. The change in cash flows from financing activities was primarily due to the net ~~effect~~change ofin i)activities ~~net lower borrowings~~ on our revolving credit facility ~~of $7~~.~~5 million and ii) net lower repayments on our capital lease financings of $0.5 million~~

Year Ended December 31, ~~2014~~2015 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, ~~2013~~2014

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $2022.07 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2014~~2015, compared to $2220.90 million for the same period in ~~2013~~2014. This ~~decrease~~increase in cash flow from operating activities is primarily due to the timing of ordinary business operating activities ~~and the decrease in the size of the business~~.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $2324.25 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2014~~2015, compared to $2223.52 million for the same period in ~~2013~~2014. The change in cash flow from investing activities was primarily due to ~~the net of: i)~~ an increase in capital expenditures of $1.~~3 million and ii) cash paid of $~~0.9 million ~~for the acquisition of Common Voices, Inc~~.~~, in 2013.~~

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was $92.5 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2014~~2015, compared to ~~a use of~~ $1.9.5 million for the same period in ~~2013~~2014. The change in cash flows from financing activities was primarily due to athe ~~reduction~~net ineffect ~~2014~~ of ~~the~~i) net ~~repayments~~ ~~under~~lower ~~our~~borrowings ~~capital~~on ~~lease~~our ~~financings~~revolving ~~and~~credit ~~net~~facility ~~borrowings in 2014~~ of $107.05 million ~~under~~and ii) net lower repayments on our ~~Revolving~~capital ~~Credit~~lease ~~Facility~~financings of $0.5 million.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our future contractual cash obligations as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016. The following numbers are presented in thousands.

	Total		Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More Than 5Years
10 1/2 senior secured notes due 2017	$	150,000	$	—	$	150,000	$	—	$	—
10.5% senior secured notes due 2017	$	150,000	$	150,000	$	—	$	—	$	—
Cash interest for notes	3115,~~500~~750		15,750		~~15,750~~—		—		—
Revolving Credit Facility due 2017	1211,500		—11,500		~~12,500~~—		—		—
Cash interest for Credit Facility at current rate of 5.0%	1,158		625		533
Cash interest for Revolving Credit Facility at current rate of 5.5%	539		539		—		—		—
Capital lease obligations	~~478~~395		~~253~~167		~~200~~209		2519		—
Operating leases	4033,~~049~~761		7,~~527~~605		1513,~~049~~853		108,~~169~~861		73,~~304~~442
Total contractual obligations	$	~~235~~211,~~685~~945	$	24185,~~155~~561	$	~~194~~14,~~032~~062	$	108,~~194~~880	$	73,~~304~~442

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Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. We use historical experience and all available information to make these judgments and estimates and actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions that are used to prepare our financial statements at any given time. Despite these inherent limitations, management believes that Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the accompanying audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to audited Consolidated Financial Statements provide a meaningful and fair perspective of our financial condition and our operating results.

We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made and changes in the estimate or different estimates that could have been selected could have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition. We believe our critical accounting policies represent the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our audited Consolidated Financial Statements herein.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenues consist primarily of network services revenues, which primarily include voice and data services, wholesale services and access services. Our network services revenues are derived primarily from subscriber usage and fixed monthly recurring fees. Such revenue is recognized in the month the actual services and other charges are provided. Revenues for charges that are billed in advance of services being rendered are deferred. Services rendered for which the customer has not been billed are recorded as unbilled revenues until the period such billings are provided. Revenues from carrier interconnection and access are recognized in the month in which the service is provided, but subject to our conclusion that realization of that revenue is reasonably assured. Revenues and direct costs related to up-front service installation fees are deferred and amortized over four years, which is based on the estimated expected life of our customer base. The estimate of the expected life of our customer base was based in part on an analysis of customer turnover from which it was determined that our monthly turnover was approximately 2% along with our decision to extend our customers’ minimum contract term beyond two years. The effect of changing the estimated expected life of our customer base by one year would result in a change in the amount of revenue recognized on an annual basis of between $0.5 million and $0.8 million.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are reported at their outstanding unpaid balances reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts. We estimate doubtful accounts based on historical bad debts, factors related to the specific customers’ ability to pay, percentages of aged receivables and current economic trends. For example, inactive customer balances are reserved at 50%. The aggregate reserve balance is re-evaluated at each balance sheet date. A hypothetical increase in our aggregate reserve balance of 10% would result in an increase to our bad debt expense of $0.87 million. We reflect all carrier related receivables on our consolidated balance sheet at the amount we expect to realize in cash.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review our long-lived assets, including definite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In analyzing potential impairments, projections of future cash flows are used to estimate fair value and are compared to the carrying amount of the asset. There is inherent subjectivity involved in estimating future cash flows, which can have a material impact on the amount of potential impairments.

Goodwill

We perform an impairment test at least annually on goodwill, which is conducted at the reporting unit level. We have one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment using a consistent measurement date, which for us is the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The evaluation of goodwill for impairment is primarily based on a discounted cash flow model, which includes estimates of future cash flows, along with an analysis of comparable recent mergers and acquisitions and publicly quoted market prices. There is inherent subjectivity involved in estimating future cash flows, which can have a material impact on the amount of any potential impairment. Based on the goodwill impairment test we conducted, the fair value of our reporting unit exceeded its carrying value.

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Disputes

We are, in the ordinary course of business, billed certain charges from other carriers that we believe are erroneous. We carefully review our vendor invoices and frequently dispute inaccurate or inappropriate charges. In cases where we dispute certain charges, we frequently pay only undisputed amounts on vendor invoices. The amount of disputed charges may remain outstanding for some time pending resolution or compromise.

Management does not believe a payment of the entire amount of disputed charges will occur. We therefore account for our disputed billings from carriers based on the estimated settlement amount of disputed balances. The settlement estimate is based on a number of factors including historical results of prior dispute settlements. We consistently review the outstanding disputes and reassess the likelihood of success in the event of the resolution of these disputes. We believe we have accrued an amount appropriate to settle all remaining disputed charges. However, it is possible that the actual settlement of any remaining disputes may differ from our reserves and that we may settle at amounts greater than the estimates.


Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

In the normal course of business, our financial position is subject to a variety of risks, such as the collectability of our accounts receivable and the recoverability of the carrying values of our long-term assets. Our debt obligations consist primarily of the Notes with a fixed interest rates and the Revolving Credit Facility with a variable interest rate. We are not exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates or commodity prices. We do not hold any derivative financial instruments nor do we hold any securities for trading or speculative purposes.

Our available cash balances are invested on a short-term basis (generally overnight) and, accordingly, are not subject to significant risks associated with changes in interest rates. Substantially all of our cash flows are derived from our operations within the United States and we are not subject to market risk associated with changes in foreign exchange rates.

The fair value of the Notes at December 31, ~~2015~~2016 was approximately $~~134~~147.25 million and was based on publicly quoted market prices. The Notes, like all fixed rate securities are subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value if market interest rates increase. For more information, see Note 1514 to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting	5052
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	5153
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014	52
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015	54
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	53
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014	55
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	54
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficiency for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014	56
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	55
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014	57
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	5658
Financial Statement Schedule	90

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MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. In connection with the preparation of our annual consolidated financial statements, management has conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of our internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of those controls. Based on this evaluation and testing, we have concluded that, as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, our internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ ~~equity (~~deficiency) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’'s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our ~~audits~~December 31, 2016 audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. We conducted our December 31, 2015 and 2014 audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries atas of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, ~~2015,~~2016 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company does not have sufficient funds to repay its $150 million of “New Notes” when they mature in November 2017. In addition, the Company has incurred historical net losses and has a stockholders' deficiency. These conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 3. The 2016 consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017

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BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	December 31,
	2015			2014
	2016			2015
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1524,~~173~~708		$	1415,~~457~~173
Certificates of deposit	1,022			1,~~273~~022
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $7,967 and $5,837	23,225			23,381
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $6,798 and $7,967	21,200			23,225
Other current assets	6,~~460~~689			86,~~782~~460
Total current assets	4553,~~880~~619			4745,~~893~~880
Property and equipment, net	5448,~~125~~641			5754,~~011~~125
Goodwill	98,238			98,238
Intangible assets, net	~~1,376~~574			21,~~499~~376
Other assets	3,~~258~~247			3,~~363~~258
Total assets	$	~~202~~204,~~877~~319		$	~~209~~202,~~004~~877
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4,714		$	4,133
10.5% senior secured notes	$	150,000		$	—
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	15,809			15,573
Revolving credit facility	11,500			—
Taxes payable	4,752			6,212
Accounts payable	6,409			4,714
Deferred revenues	9,175			9,448
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	14,005			15,809
Current portion of capital lease obligations	253			225
Taxes payable	6,174			4,752
Total current liabilities	34,703			35,591
Deferred revenues	8,908			9,175
10.5% senior secured notes	150,000			150,000
Current portion of capital lease obligations	167			253
Revolving credit facility	12,500			10,000
Total current liabilities	197,163			34,703
Deferred rent payable	4,626			4,873
10.5% senior secured notes	—			150,000
Deferred revenues	899			985
Revolving credit facility	—			12,500
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion	225			229
Deferred rent payable	4,076			4,626
Deferred income taxes payable	8,856			7,886
Deferred revenues	915			899
Other	1,875			455
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion	228			225
Total liabilities	213,684			210,019
Deferred income taxes payable	9,825			8,856
Stockholders’ equity (deficiency):
Other	663			1,875
Common stock — $.01 par value; authorized 19,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding 9,999,945 shares	100			100
Total liabilities	212,870			213,684
Stockholders’ equity deficiency:
Common stock — $.01 par value; authorized 19,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding 9,993,120 and 9,999,945 shares	100			100
Preferred stock — $.01 par value; authorized 1,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding no shares	—			—
Additional paid-in capital	306,~~792~~784			306,792
Accumulated deficit	(~~317~~315,~~699~~435		)	(~~307~~317,~~907~~699		)
Total stockholders’ deficiency	(108,~~807~~551		)	(110,~~015~~807		)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficiency	$	~~202~~204,~~877~~319		$	~~209~~202,~~004~~877

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
	2016			2015			2014
Revenues	$	~~291~~288,~~109~~755		$	~~300~~291,~~469~~109		$	~~315~~300,~~363~~469
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	~~129~~122,~~977~~063			~~139~~129,~~412~~977			~~147~~139,~~505~~412
Selling, general and administrative	~~123~~118,~~667~~222			~~122~~123,~~354~~667			~~124~~122,~~001~~354
Depreciation and amortization	2928,~~440~~258			29,~~831~~440			3229,~~839~~831
Total operating expenses	~~283~~268,~~084~~543			~~291~~283,~~597~~084			~~304~~291,~~345~~597
Income from operations	820,~~025~~212			8,~~872~~025			118,~~018~~872
Reorganization items	—			—			(1,072		)
Interest expense	(16,598		)	(16,485		)	(16,790		)
Interest expense	(16,485		)	(16,790		)	(17,196		)
Interest income	40			26			23
Interest income	26			23			33
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	3,654			(8,434		)	(7,895		)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(8,434		)	(7,895		)	(7,217		)
Provision for income taxes	(1,390		)	(1,358		)	(1,332		)
Provision for income taxes	(1,358		)	(1,332		)	(1,264		)
Net income (loss)	2,264			(9,792		)	(9,227		)
Net loss	(9,792		)	(9,227		)	(8,481		)
Other comprehensive income	—			—			—
Comprehensive loss	$	(9,792	)	$	(9,227	)	$	(8,481	)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	2,264		$	(9,792	)	$	(9,227	)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ ~~Equity (~~Deficiency)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015					2014				2013
	2016					2015				2014
	Shares		Amount			Shares	Amount			Shares	Amount
Common stock
Balance at beginning of year	9,999,945		$	100		9,999,945	$	100		9,999,945	$	100
Balance at end of year	9,999,945		100			9,999,945	100			9,999,945	100
Repurchases	(6,825	)	—			—	—			—	—
Balance at end of year	9,993,120		100			9,999,945	100			9,999,945	100
Preferred stock
Balance at beginning of year	—		—			—	—			—	—
Balance at end of year	—		—			—	—			—	—
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of year			306,792				306,792				306,792
Balance at end of year			306,792				306,792				306,792
Other			(8		)		—				—
Balance at end of year			306,784				306,792				306,792
Accumulated deficit
Balance at beginning of year			(~~307~~317,~~907~~699		)		(~~298~~307,~~680~~907		)		(~~290~~298,~~199~~680		)
Net loss			(9,792		)		(9,227		)		(8,481		)
Net income (loss)			2,264				(9,792		)		(9,227		)
Other comprehensive income			—				—				—
Balance at end of year			(~~317~~315,~~699~~435		)		(~~307~~317,~~907~~699		)		(~~298~~307,~~680~~907		)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficiency)			$	(10,807	)		$	(1,015	)		$	8,212
Total stockholders’ deficiency			$	(8,551	)		$	(10,807	)		$	(1,015	)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
	2016			2015			2014
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(9,792	)	$	(9,227	)	$	(8,481	)
Net income (loss)	$	2,264		$	(9,792	)	$	(9,227	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	2827,~~317~~456			28,~~262~~317			3028,~~646~~262
Amortization of intangible assets	~~1,123~~802			1,~~569~~123			21,~~193~~569
Provision for doubtful accounts	~~982~~1,077			~~654~~982			~~1,276~~654
Deferred income taxes	~~970~~969			~~969~~970			969
Other	~~1,420~~(24		)	—1,420			~~(343~~—		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	~~(826~~948		)	~~415~~(826		)	~~3,090~~415
Other current assets	~~1,621~~(734		)	(1,~~513~~621		)	~~801~~(1,513		)
Other assets	~~105~~11			~~317~~105			~~199~~317
Accounts payable	~~581~~1,695			~~(616~~581		)	~~316~~(616		)
Accrued expenses, other current liabilities and taxes payable	(1,224		)	(70		)	(7,326		)
Accrued expenses, other current and non-current liabilities and taxes payable	(1,570		)	(1,224		)	(70		)
Deferred revenues	(~~359~~251		)	(~~770~~359		)	(~~499~~770		)
Deferred rent payable	(~~247~~550		)	(6247		)	57(6		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	2232,~~671~~093			1922,~~984~~671			2219,~~898~~984
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(2421,~~730~~467		)	(2324,~~719~~730		)	(2223,~~411~~719		)
Cash paid to acquire Common Voices	—			—			(871		)
Other	—			251			547
Other	251			547			737
Net cash used in investing activities	(21,467		)	(24,479		)	(23,172		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(24,479		)	(23,172		)	(22,545		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of revolving credit facility	(31,000		)	(53,000		)	(5,000		)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	~~5,500~~—			155,~~000~~500			515,000
Proceeds from capital lease financing	~~338~~192			~~255~~338			~~208~~255
Payments on capital lease obligations	(~~314~~275		)	(~~753~~314		)	(~~2,154~~753		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	2,524			9,502			(1,946		)
Other	(8		)	—			—
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	716			6,314			(1,593		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(1,091		)	2,524			9,502
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	14,457			8,143			9,736
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	9,535			716			6,314
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	15,173		$	14,457		$	8,143
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	15,173			14,457			8,143
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	24,708		$	15,173		$	14,457
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the year for interest	$	16,~~323~~532		$	16,~~608~~323		$	16,~~863~~608
Cash paid during the year for taxes	~~388~~421			~~363~~388			~~295~~363

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share information)

1. Organization and Description of Business

Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) is a leading cloud-based service provider of communications and information technology solutions to small and medium sized business and enterprise customers nationwide. After several years of development, the Company began providing cloud-based unified communication services in 2005 and later introduced into its product portfolio a variety of cloud-based computing solutions. Today, the Company offers a full suite of cloud-based systems and services under the brand OfficeSuite^® to customers nationwide. The Company has one reportable segment.

On August 22, 2012 (the “Petition Date”), the Company, and each of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of title 11 (“Chapter 11”) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Code”) in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”) with respect to a “pre-packaged” plan (the “Plan”) to effectuate a financial restructuring of the Company and each of its direct and indirect subsidiaries (the “Restructuring”). The Plan was confirmed by the Court on October 3, 2012, contingent upon the fulfillment or waiver of certain conditions contained therein. Final regulatory approvals for the Plan were received on October 25, 2012 (see Note 2 for additional information on the Plan).

2. Voluntary Reorganization Under Chapter 11

Bankruptcy Proceedings

On August 22, 2012, the Company filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Code.

On October 3, 2012, the Court entered an order confirming the Plan and the Company emerged from bankruptcy protection on November 13, 2012. In connection with its emergence, the Plan was effectuated and included, among other things, the following provisions:


•	cancellation of all existing equity interests including capital stock, options, warrants or other rights to purchase the Company’s existing capital stock;


•	recapitalization of the Company with the authorization of 19,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock;


•	holders of the Company's then outstanding 11^3/8% Senior Secured Notes due 2012 (the “Old Notes”) received their pro rata share of 97.5% of newly issued Common Stock (subject to dilution by the exercise of warrants and equity pursuant to a future management incentive plan and board compensation) and $150,000 of newly issued 10.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2017 (the “New Notes”);

•

holders of the Company’s then existing Preferred Stock received their pro rata share of (i) 2.5% of newly issued New Common Stock (subject to dilution by the exercise of warrants and equity pursuant to a management incentive plan and board compensation), and (ii) two tranches of eight-year warrants to acquire shares of newly issued Common Stock representing, in the aggregate, up to 15.0% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock following the restructuring (subject to dilution as described above);


•	execution of a new $25,000 revolving credit facility;


•	repayment of $15,900 of principal and accrued interest under the Senior Revolving Debtor in Possession Credit Facility (the “DIP Credit Facility”); and


•	cancellation of the Old Notes totaling approximately $316,209 which included accrued interest.

The Plan did not contain any compromise or settlement agreements, other than those described above. Under the Plan, general unsecured creditors, vendors, customers and employees were not negatively impacted and the Company’s obligation to these groups were paid in full in accordance with their original terms.

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BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

Reorganization Items

Expenses that resulted from the Restructuring are reported as reorganization items in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had no reorganization items. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recorded reorganization items of $1,072, which consisted entirely of professional fees.

For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not record any income from reorganization activities.

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Going Concern

The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), management evaluated whether there are conditions or events, considered in aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of the recorded assets or the classification of liabilities that may be necessary should it be determined that the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

As of December 31, 2016, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $24,708 compared to $15,173 as of December 31, 2015. Management believes the Company will have sufficient cash to repay the outstanding principal of $11,500 on its $25,000 Senior Revolving Credit Facility (“Credit Facility”) at its October 1, 2017 maturity date. However, management does not believe the Company will have sufficient cash to repay the principal of $150,000 on its New Notes at its November 15, 2017 maturity date. Accordingly, the Company may need to raise additional funds. Therefore, the Company has retained financial and legal counsel to pursue and evaluate various strategic alternatives, including a potential sale of all or part of the Company, and both long-term and short-term financing alternatives. The Company seeks to raise such capital through debt financings, bank borrowings, public or private equity financings, strategic disposition of assets, the business or portions of the business. Any future strategic options or other significant unplanned costs or cash requirements may also require that the Company raise additional funds through the issuance of debt or equity. Although the Company has had positive cash flows from operations in each of the last several years, there is uncertainty surrounding the Company’s refinancing or strategic plans. This uncertainty, coupled with management's belief the Company will not have sufficient cash to repay the principal on its New Notes at its maturity date, raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. See Note 17 for more information.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management periodically reviews such estimates and assumptions as circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The following describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:


•	Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


•	Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

~~Revenue Recognition~~59

The Company’s revenue is derived primarily from the sale of telecommunication services, consisting of local and long distance voice services, Internet, and data services to commercial and residential customers in the northeast United States. In addition, the Company offers certain services on a nationwide basis.

Subscriber usage fees consist of fees paid by customers for each call made, access fees paid by carriers for long distance calls that the Company originates and terminates, and fees paid by the incumbent carriers as reciprocal compensation when the Company terminates local calls made by their customers. Revenue related to usage fees is recognized when the service is provided. Usage fees are billed in arrears. The Company’s ability to generate access fee revenue, including reciprocal compensation revenue, is subject to numerous regulatory and legal proceedings. Until these proceedings are ultimately resolved, the Company’s policy is to recognize access fee revenue, including reciprocal compensation revenue, only when it is concluded that realization of that revenue is reasonably assured.

Monthly recurring fees include the fees paid for lines in service and additional features on those lines. Monthly recurring fees are paid by end-user customers and are primarily billed in advance. This revenue is recognized during the period in which it is earned.

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

3. Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Revenue Recognition

Revenue for charges that are billed in advance of services being rendered is deferred. Services rendered for which the customer has not been billed are recorded as unbilled revenues until the period such billings are provided. Revenue from carrier interconnection and access is recognized in the month in which service is provided at the amount we expect to realize in cash, based on estimates of disputed amounts and collectibility.

The Company also derives revenue from non-recurring service activation and installation charges imposed on customers at the time a service is installed. Such charges become payable by the Company’s customers at the time service is initiated. Revenue and direct costs related to up-front service activation and installation fees are deferred and amortized over the average customer life of four years.

Arrangements with multiple deliverables are reviewed and the elements separated into units of accounting, with the total consideration received allocated over the relative fair value of the units of accounting. Revenue is recognized as the elements are delivered, assuming all other conditions for recognition of revenue described above have been met.

The Company reports taxes imposed by governmental authorities on revenue-producing transactions between it and its customers on a net basis.

Unbilled revenue included in accounts receivable represents revenue for earned services, which was billed in the succeeding month and totaled $1,~~862~~497 and $1,~~952~~862 as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015, respectively.

Cost of Revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Cost of revenues include direct costs of sales and network costs. Direct costs of sales include the costs incurred with telecommunication carriers to render services to customers. Network costs include the costs of fiber and access, points of presence, "repairs and maintenance", rent and utilities of the switch locations, Internet data network, as well as salaries and related expenses of network personnel. Network costs are recognized during the month in which the service is utilized. The Company accrues for network costs incurred but not billed by carriers.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are being held in several large financial institutions, which are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), although most of our balances do exceed the FDIC insurance limits.

~~Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts~~60

Accounts receivable are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company estimates doubtful accounts based on historical bad debts, factors related to the specific customers’ ability to pay, percentages of aged receivables and current economic trends. Allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company writes off accounts deemed uncollectible after efforts to collect such accounts are not successful. The Company also requires security deposits in the normal course of business if customers do not meet the criteria established for offering credit.

Inventory

Inventory consists primarily of equipment and supplies used in connection with installing phone systems to new and existing customers’ locations. Inventory is included with other current assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The cost of inventory comprises the purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location. The cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average method. There are no material estimated losses due to obsolescence due to the short period of time between the purchase of the equipment and the installation to the customer. The Company reviews other inventory for potential obsolescence each reporting period and makes adjustments as management deems necessary. There were no material adjustments for obsolescence during the years ended December 31, 2015 or 2014.

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

3. Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company estimates doubtful accounts based on historical bad debts, factors related to the specific customers’ ability to pay, percentages of aged receivables and current economic trends. Bad debt expense is recorded as a selling, general and administrative expense. The Company writes off accounts deemed uncollectible after efforts to collect such accounts are not successful. The Company also requires security deposits in the normal course of business if customers do not meet the criteria established for offering credit.

Inventory

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful life is three years for computer equipment, five years for furniture and fixtures, four years for vehicles, and generally seven years for network equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the related lease term. Costs to provision a customer onto the Company's network are amortized over four years. Capitalized software costs and customer premise equipment are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of two years. Construction in progress includes amounts incurred in the Company’s expansion of its network. The amounts include switching and colocation equipment, switching and colocation facilities design and colocation fees. The Company has not capitalized interest to date since the construction period has been short in duration and the related imputed interest expense incurred during that period was insignificant. When construction of each switch or colocation facility is completed, the balance of the assets is transferred to network equipment and depreciated in accordance with the Company’s policy. Internal labor costs capitalized in connection with expanding our network are also amortized over seven years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate, in management’s judgment, that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. In analyzing potential impairments, projections of future cash flows from the asset group are used to estimate fair value. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group, a loss is recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of the asset group.

~~Goodwill~~61

Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations accounted for as purchases. The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment at least annually on October 1 or when events and circumstances warrant such review. Impairment charges, if any, are charged to operating expenses. The recoverability of goodwill is assessed at a reporting unit level, which is the lowest asset group level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other asset groups, and is based on projections of discounted cash flows (income approach) and the fair value of comparable telecommunication companies and recent transactions in the telecommunications industry (market approach). The Company has one reporting unit. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step impairment test. The projections of future operating cash flow necessary to conduct the impairment review, are based on assumptions, judgments and estimates of growth rates, anticipated future economic, regulatory and political conditions, the assignment of discount rates relative to risk and estimates of a terminal value. We believe these assumptions and estimates provide a reasonable basis for our conclusion. The fair value determinations derived in connection with the impairment analysis contains many inputs, noted above, that would be considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company's 2015 evaluation has concluded that there is no goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2015.

Third Party Conversion Costs

The Company currently capitalizes third party conversion costs incurred to provision customers to its network as part of property and equipment. These costs include external vendor charges and costs incurred internally. The Company amortizes conversion costs over four years.

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

3. Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Goodwill

Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations accounted for as purchases. The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment at least annually on October 1 or when events and circumstances warrant such review. Impairment charges, if any, are charged to operating expenses. The recoverability of goodwill is assessed at a reporting unit level, which is the lowest asset group level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other asset groups, and is based on projections of discounted cash flows (income approach) and the fair value of comparable telecommunication companies and recent transactions in the telecommunications industry (market approach). The Company has one reporting unit. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step impairment test. The projections of future operating cash flow necessary to conduct the impairment review, are based on assumptions, judgments and estimates of growth rates, anticipated future economic, regulatory and political conditions, the assignment of discount rates relative to risk and estimates of a terminal value. We believe these assumptions and estimates provide a reasonable basis for our conclusion. The fair value determinations derived in connection with the impairment analysis contains many inputs, noted above, that would be considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s goodwill impairment assessments in 2016, 2015, and 2014, whereby step one of the impairment test was performed, indicated that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount and therefore, did not result in any impairment.

Third Party Conversion Costs

Significant Vendor

The Company purchased approximately 6564% of its telecommunication services from one vendor during the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014. Accounts payable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets include approximately $4,~~284~~285 and $34,~~328~~284 and $3,~~550~~328 as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014, respectively, due to this vendor.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities at enacted statutory tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

Uncertainty in Income Taxes

The Company uses a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and disclosures regarding uncertainties in income tax positions. Only tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold at the reporting date may be recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

The Company has analyzed the tax positions taken on federal and state income tax returns for all open tax years, and has concluded that no provision for uncertain income tax positions are required in the Company’s financial statements as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015. The Company currently has no federal or state income tax examinations in progress. As a result of the applicable statutes of limitations, the Company’s federal and state income tax returns for tax years before December 31, ~~2011~~2012 are no longer subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service or state departments of revenue.

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

3. Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Software Development Costs

The Company capitalizes the cost of internal use software. Costs incurred during the preliminary stage are expensed as selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred while costs incurred during the application stage are capitalized. The latter costs are typically internal payroll costs of employees associated with the development of internal use computer software. The Company commences amortization of the software on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of two years, when it is ready for its intended use. The Company incurred software development expenses of $~~856~~793, $~~760~~856 and $~~703~~760 for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014, the Company capitalized approximately $3,~~378~~409, $3,~~240~~378 and $3,~~146~~240 of software development costs, respectively, which are included in property and equipment. Amortization expense related to these assets was approximately $3,~~271~~370, $3,~~098~~271 and $23,~~928~~098 for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014, respectively. The unamortized balance of capitalized software development costs as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015 is $3,~~347~~387 and $3,~~241~~347 respectively.

Advertising

The Company expenses advertising costs in selling, general and administrative expenses in the period incurred. Advertising expenses totaled $~~966~~704, $~~2,101~~966 and $2,~~862~~101 for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014, respectively.

Disputes

The Company accounts for disputed billings from carriers based on the estimated settlement amount of disputed balances. The estimate is based on a number of factors including historical results of prior dispute settlements with the carriers and is periodically reviewed by management to reassess the likelihood of success. Actual settlements may differ from estimated amounts (see Note 1615).

6163

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

4. ~~Acquisition~~Recent Accounting Pronouncements

OnIn ~~March~~May 282014, ~~2013,~~a comprehensive update on the ~~Company~~accounting ~~closed~~standard onfor anrevenue ~~agreement~~recognition was issued. This update affects any entity that enters into contracts with customers to ~~acquire~~transfer ~~software~~goods or services. Under this new guidance, ~~related~~an ~~intellectual~~entity ~~property~~should ~~and~~recognize ~~certain~~revenue ~~other~~to ~~assets~~depict the transfer of ~~Common~~promised ~~Voices,~~goods ~~Inc.~~or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for ~~$871~~those goods or services. ~~The~~This ~~transaction~~update ~~was~~is ~~accounted~~effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted only as aof ~~business~~annual ~~combination~~periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016. The ~~purchase~~Company ~~price~~is ~~was~~currently ~~predominately~~evaluating ~~capitalized~~the ~~software~~impact ~~costs~~that ~~within~~this ~~property~~standard will have on its financial statements and ~~equipment~~related disclosures. ~~This~~The ~~acquisition~~Company ~~consolidates~~believes the ~~proprietary~~most ~~technology~~significant ~~underlying~~change ~~OfficeSuite®,~~will ~~providing~~be related to the ~~opportunity~~deferral toof ~~further~~certain ~~differentiate~~contract acquisition costs and the ~~Company’~~recognition of these costs over a customer's ~~services~~contract period or over a customer's expected life. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company has not yet selected a transition method. The Company will continue its review and ~~reduce~~analysis ~~licensing,~~to complete the evaluation of the impact on the Company's operating results and ~~support~~financial ~~costs~~position.

5In August 2014, the accounting standard which provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going-concern uncertainties in the financial statements was updated. ~~Recent~~The ~~Accounting~~new ~~Pronouncements~~standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. An entity must provide certain disclosures if conditions or events raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The update applies to all entities and is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has adopted this standard and has not impacted the Company’s operating results and financial position.

In ~~May~~November ~~2014~~2015, athe ~~comprehensive~~accounting ~~update~~standard which provides guidance on the ~~accounting~~balance ~~standard~~sheet ~~for~~presentation ~~revenue~~of ~~recognition~~deferred taxes was ~~issued~~updated. ~~This~~ ~~update~~The ~~affects~~new ~~any~~standard ~~entity~~requires that ~~enters~~all ~~into~~deferred ~~contracts~~tax ~~with~~assets ~~customers~~and toliabilities, ~~transfer~~along ~~goods~~with orany ~~services. Under~~related ~~this~~valuation ~~new guidance~~allowance, anbe ~~entity~~classified ~~should~~as ~~recognize~~noncurrent ~~revenue~~on tothe ~~depict~~balance ~~the~~sheet. ~~transfer~~As ofa ~~promised~~result, ~~goods~~each orjurisdiction ~~services~~will tonow ~~customers~~only inhave anone ~~amount~~net ~~that~~noncurrent ~~reflects~~deferred ~~the~~tax ~~consideration~~asset toor ~~which~~liability. ~~the~~The ~~entity~~new ~~expects~~guidance towill be ~~entitled~~effective ~~in exchange~~ for ~~those~~public ~~goods~~business orentities ~~services. This~~in ~~update~~fiscal isyears ~~effective for annual periods~~ beginning ~~on or~~ after December 15, ~~2017~~2016. Early adoption is permitted ~~only as of annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016~~. The Company isdoes ~~currently~~not ~~evaluating~~expect ~~the~~it ~~potential~~to ~~impact~~have ofany ~~adopting this standard and cannot yet determine the~~ impact ~~of its adoption~~ on ~~its~~the Company’s operating results and financial position. ~~Nor has the Company determined its method of adoption, either full retrospective approach or the modified retrospective approach.~~

In August 2014, the accounting standard which provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going-concern uncertainties in the financial statements was updated. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. An entity must provide certain disclosures if conditions or events raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The update applies to all entities and is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

In April 2015, the accounting standard which provides guidance on the presentation of debt issuance costs was updated. The new standard requires companies to present debt issuance costs the same way they currently present debt discounts. The standard does not impact the recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs. The update is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

In November 2015, the accounting standard which provides guidance on the classification of deferred taxes was updated. The new standard requires entities with a classified balance sheet to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. For public business entities, the standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

In February 2016, the accounting standard which provides guidance on accounting for leases was updated. The new standard requires entities to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily will depend on its classification as a finance or operating lease, which is consistent with current GAAP. However, the new standard will require both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. For public companies, the update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this standard and cannot yet determine the impact of its adoption on its operating results and financial position.

62In August 2016, the accounting standard which provides guidance on the presentation of restricted cash in the cash flow statement was updated. The update will require entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, entities will no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this standard and does not expect it to have any impact on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

In January 2017, the accounting standard which provides guidance on Goodwill and other intangibles was updated. This update addresses the subsequent measurement of goodwill and eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning 2020. Early adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company has not yet begun the process of assessing the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

65. Other Assets

Other current assets consist of the following at December 31:

	December 31,
	2015		2014
	2016		2015
Deferred carrier charges	$	12,~~894~~199	$	21,~~562~~894
Prepaid expenses	1,~~799~~819		1,~~975~~799
Inventory	1,~~173~~300		1,~~439~~173
Deferred credits	~~771~~587		~~591~~771
Other receivables	357		1,800
Deferred T1 Costs	478		422
Other	466		415
Other receivables	113		357
Total other current assets	$	6,460	$	8,782
Other	193		44
Total other current assets	$	6,689	$	6,460

Other non-current assets consist of the following at December 31:

	December 31,
	2015		2014
	2016		2015
Lease security and carrier deposits	$	2,344	$	2,~~609~~344
Other	~~914~~903		~~754~~914
Total other non-current assets	$	3,~~258~~247	$	3,~~363~~258

76. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, at cost, consists of the following at December 31:

	December 31,
	2015			2014
	2016			2015
Network equipment	$	~~280~~298,~~806~~788		$	~~259~~280,~~879~~806
Computer and office equipment	2324,~~907~~304			23,~~214~~907
Capitalized software costs	1821,~~538~~947			1518,~~160~~538
Furniture and fixtures and other	9,~~593~~777			9,~~318~~593
Leasehold improvements	7,468			7,~~310~~468
	340,312			314,881
	362,284			340,312
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(~~286~~313,~~187~~643		)	(~~257~~286,~~870~~187		)
	$	5448,~~125~~641		$	5754,~~011~~125

Property and equipment includes amounts acquired under capital leases of approximately $1,~~773~~009 and $21,~~610~~773, net of accumulated depreciation of approximately $1617,~~153~~104 and $1416,~~977~~153 at December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015, respectively. Amortization of capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

6365

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

87. Identifiable Intangible Assets

The Company’s customer relationship intangible assets were obtained in connection with previous acquisitions. The multi-period excess earnings method, a variant of the income approach, was utilized to value the customer relationship intangibles.

The components of intangible assets at December 31 are as follows:

	December 31,
	2015							2014
	2016							2015
	GrossCarryingValue		AccumulatedAmortization			Net CarryingValue		GrossCarryingValue		AccumulatedAmortization			Net CarryingValue
Customer relationships	$	50,400	$	(49,~~024~~826	)	$	~~1,376~~574	$	50,400	$	(4749,~~901~~024	)	$	21,~~499~~376

The customer relationship intangibles are amortized on an accelerated method over their useful lives in proportion to the expected benefits to be received. Amortization of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014 amounted to $1802,~~123,~~ $1,~~569~~123 and $21,~~193~~569 respectively.

~~Future~~ The ~~projected~~net ~~amortization~~carrying ~~expense~~value ~~for~~of ~~the~~$574 ~~years~~at ~~ending~~ December 31, is2016 aswill ~~follows:~~be amortized during 2017.

2016	$	802
2017	574
	$	1,376

8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

9. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following at December 31:

	December 31,
	2015		2014
	2016		2015
Recurring network costs	$	31,~~652~~330	$	3,~~965~~652
Recurring operating accruals	54,~~485~~812		5,~~236~~485
Accrued interest	2,~~153~~172		2,~~088~~153
Payroll-related liabilities	4,~~010~~122		34,~~744~~010
Other	~~509~~1,569		~~540~~509
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1514,~~809~~005	$	15,~~573~~809

6466

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

109. Obligations Under Capital and Operating Leases

Capital Leases

The Company leases certain equipment that meet the criteria for capitalization. The Company is obligated to repay the borrowings in monthly installments, ending in 2019. The Company had obligations of $~~478~~395 outstanding under these leases at December 31, ~~2015~~2016.

The future minimum lease payments under all capital leases at December 31, ~~2015~~2016 are as follows:

2016	$	290
2017	$	192
2017	151
2018	110
2018	69
2019	119
2019	25
2020	20
	535
	441
Less amounts representing interest	(5746		)
	478
	395
Less current portion	(~~253~~167		)
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion	$	~~225~~228

Operating Leases

The Company rents office space, switch locations and equipment under various operating leases. Some of the Company’s operating leases have free or escalating rent payment provisions. The future minimum lease payments under operating leases at December 31, ~~2015~~2016 are as follows:

2016	$	7,527
2017	$	7,605
2017	7,543
2018	7,595
2018	7,506
2019	6,258
2019	5,966
2020	4,505
2020	4,203
2021	4,356
Thereafter	73,~~304~~442
Total minimum lease payments	$	4033,~~049~~761

Total rent expenses under these operating leases totaled $7,~~664~~620, $87,~~033~~664 and $78,~~988~~033 for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014, respectively. Rent expense is charged to operations ratably over the terms of the leases, which results in deferred rent payable.

6567

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

1110. Debt

New Notes

On November 13, 2012 (the “issue date”), the Company issued the New Notes. In connection with the Plan, as discussed in Note 2, the New Notes were issued as partial consideration for the principal and unpaid interest outstanding under the Old Notes as of the Petition Date. Under the New Notes, interest accrues annually at 10.5% and is payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 and commenced in May 2013.

The New Notes are fully, unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed on a senior secured basis, jointly and severally, by each of the Company's existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries, which includes all subsidiaries as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016. Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. is a holding company and depends on dividends and other distributions from its subsidiaries to generate the funds necessary to meet its obligations, including its required obligations under the Notes. Each of the Company’s subsidiaries is a legally distinct entity, and while the Company’s subsidiaries have guaranteed the Notes, such guarantees are subject to risks. The issuer has no independent assets or operations and any subsidiaries of the issuer other than the subsidiaries guarantors are minor. The New Notes and the guarantees rank senior in right of payment to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiary guarantors, as applicable, and equal in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness of the Company and of such subsidiaries.

The New Notes and the guarantees are secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company's assets provided, however, that pursuant to the terms of the intercreditor agreement, the security interest in those assets consisting of receivables, inventory, deposit accounts, securities accounts and certain other assets that secure the notes and the guarantees are contractually subordinated to a lien thereon that secures the Company's Revolving Credit Facility with an aggregate principal amount of $25,000 and certain other permitted indebtedness.

The New Notes are due in full on November 15, 2017. The Company may redeem the New Notes, at its option, in whole or in part at any time prior to November 15, 2017, upon not less than 30 days' or more than 60 days' notice, at the following redemption prices (expressed as percentages of the principal amount thereof) set forth below:

Year	Percentage
30 months to 42 months following the Issue Date	103	%
42 months to 54 months following the Issue Date	102	%
54 months to 60 months following the Issue Date	100	%

66The New Notes Indenture Agreement contains covenants limiting the Company's ability to, among other things: incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred stock; pay dividends; redeem or purchase equity interests; redeem or purchase subordinated debt; make certain acquisitions or investments; create liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; merge or consolidate; make certain restricted payments; and transfer or sell assets, including equity interests of existing and future restricted subsidiaries. The Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2016.

Revolving Credit Facility

Credit Facility

On November 13, 2012, the Company entered into a new $25,000 Senior Revolving Credit Facility (“Credit Facility”), maturing October 1, 2017. Any outstanding amounts under this facility are subject to a borrowing base limitation based on an advance rate of 85% of the amount of eligible receivables, as defined. The Company's borrowing base has limited the availability to $17,600 of which $11,500 was outstanding as of December 31, 2016. In addition, the Company is subject to an unused line fee equal to the applicable percentage on the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit commitment. The loans bear interest on a base rate method or LIBOR method, in each case plus an applicable margin percentage, at the option of the Company. Interest on the LIBOR loans is paid on a monthly basis, and interest on the base rate loans is paid on a quarterly basis. The Company had $11,500 of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility at December 31, 2016.

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

1110. Debt (continued)

The New Notes Indenture Agreement contains covenants limiting the Company's ability to, among other things: incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred stock; pay dividends; redeem or purchase equity interests; redeem or purchase subordinated debt; make certain acquisitions or investments; create liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; merge or consolidate; make certain restricted payments; and transfer or sell assets, including equity interests of existing and future restricted subsidiaries. The Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2015.

Revolving Credit Facility

Credit Facility

On November 13, 2012, the Company entered into a new $25,000 Senior Revolving Credit Facility (“Credit Facility”), maturing May, 2017. Any outstanding amounts under this facility are subject to a borrowing base limitation based on an advance rate of 85% of the amount of eligible receivables, as defined. The Company's borrowing base has limited the availability to $17,300 of which $12,500 was outstanding as of December 31, 2015. In addition, the Company is subject to an unused line fee equal to the applicable percentage on the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit commitment. The loans bear interest on a base rate method or LIBOR method, in each case plus an applicable margin percentage, at the option of the Company. Interest on the LIBOR loans is paid on a monthly basis, and interest on the base rate loans is paid on a quarterly basis. The Company had $12,500 of outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility at December 31, 2015.

The Credit Facility is subject to mandatory reductions in the event future debt issuances, asset dispositions, and insurance or condemnation events as a result of theft or destruction to the Company’s property and assets. The facility includes a number of affirmative and negative covenants, which could restrict the Company’s operations. If the Company were to be in default the lenders could accelerate the Company’s obligation to pay all outstanding amounts.

Indebtedness under the Credit Facility is guaranteed by all of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries that are not borrowers there under and is secured by a security in all of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ tangible and intangible assets. Certain of the Company’s assets have been pledged to the holders of the New Notes pursuant to the indenture governing the New Notes and the related collateral and security agreements. Each of the Company’s subsidiaries has guaranteed the outstanding debt. The parent company of these subsidiaries has no independent assets or operations and the guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several.

DIP Credit Facility

On August 22, 2012, the Company entered into the DIP Credit Facility which in effect refinanced the Company's then-existing Revolving Credit Facility. Borrowings of $15,900 under the DIP Credit Facility were used to purchase $13,898 in investments, with the remaining amount used for general operating purposes. Unused portions of the DIP Credit Facility were subject to availability under a borrowing base and compliance with certain covenants. The DIP Credit Facility bore interest on a base rate method or LIBOR method, in each case plus an applicable margin percentage, at the option of the Company. Interest on the LIBOR loans was paid on a monthly or quarterly basis, and interest on the base rate loans was paid on a quarterly basis.

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

11. Debt (continued)

Revolving Credit Facility

On August 23, 2006, the Company entered into the five-year Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility was amended on November 12, 2010, December 8, 2011, and again on July 19, 2012 to extend the maturity date to September 5, 2012. The loans bore interest on a base rate method or LIBOR method, in each case plus an applicable margin percentage, at the option of the Company. The applicable margin percentage increased by 25 basis points after each amendment under both the base rate and LIBOR methods. Interest on the LIBOR loans was paid on a monthly or quarterly basis, and interest on the base rate loans was paid on a quarterly basis. Contemporaneous with the Petition Date, the Company entered into the DIP Credit Facility which in effect refinanced the Company’s then-existing Revolving Credit Facility.

Old Notes

On August 23, 2006, the Company issued $210,000 principal amount of the Old Notes. The net proceeds from the Senior Secured Notes were used to fund an acquisition, repay indebtedness under the Company’s senior secured credit facility and senior unsecured subordinated notes due 2009, and for general corporate purposes. On May 14, 2007, the Company completed an additional offering of $90,000 aggregate principal amount of the Old Notes at an issue price of 105^3/4%, generating gross proceeds of $95,175. The unamortized bond premium of $840 became fully amortized during the year ended December 31, 2012.

On November 13, 2012, the Company emerged from bankruptcy protection as discussed in Note 2. In connection with the Company's emergence from bankruptcy, the holders of the Old Notes received $150,000 in New Notes and 97.5% of New Common Stock of the Company.

~~12. Stockholders' Equity~~69

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

11. Stockholders' Equity

Recapitalization

In connection with the approved Plan, as discussed in Note 2, the Company completed a recapitalization whereby all previous equity interests, including stock options or other rights to purchase the Company's existing Common Stock, were cancelled. Cancellations included Common Stock A and B as well as Series A, A-1, B, B-1 and C Preferred Stock. The Company authorized 19,000,000 shares of New Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares of New Preferred Stock. As of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015, the Company had 9,~~999~~993,~~945~~120 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Holders of the Old Notes received their pro rata share of 97.5% of New Common Stock and $150,000 of New Notes.

Holders of the previous Preferred Stock received their pro rata share of (i) 2.5% of New Common Stock, and (ii) two tranches of eight-year warrants to acquire shares of New Common Stock representing, in the aggregate, up to 15.0% of the Company's outstanding Common Stock following the restructuring.

Common Stock

Common Stock confers upon its holders voting rights, the right to receive cash and stock dividends, if declared, and the right to share in excess assets upon liquidation of the Company. The holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share.

Preferred Stock

Preferred Stock confers upon its holders voting rights, designations, preferences, participation, qualifications, limitations, as expressed through resolutions adopted by the board of directors.

Warrants

Holders of the previous Preferred Stock received their pro rata share of the two tranches of warrants to acquire shares of new Common Stock representing, in the aggregate, up to 15.0% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock. The Series A-1 Warrants entitle the holders to purchase 1,235,895 shares of New Common Stock at an exercise price of $17.14, while the Series A-2 Warrants entitle the holders to purchase 468,105 shares of New Common Stock at an exercise price of $19.65. Both series of warrants are exercisable in whole or in part at any time prior to November 13, 2020.

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BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

1312. Income Taxes

The components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014 consist of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
	2016		2015		2014
Current:
State	$	~~285~~347	$	~~360~~285	$	~~265~~360
Foreign	~~103~~74		3103		303
	388		363		295
	421		388		363
Deferred:
Federal	843		843		843
State	~~127~~126		~~126~~127		126
	970		969		969
	969		970		969
	$	1,~~358~~390	$	1,~~332~~358	$	1,~~264~~332

The following table shows the principal reasons for the difference between the effective income tax rate and the statutory federal income tax rate during the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
	2016		2015		2014
Statutory federal income tax rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
State income tax, net of federal tax benefits	(38.24	)%	(43.02	)%	(34.50	)%
Permanent items	(24.36	)%	(1.2.3	)%	(61.42	)%
Valuation allowance	(4510.60	)%	(4645.76	)%	(4246.67	)%
Effective income tax rate	~~(16~~38.10	)%	(16.91	)%	(1716.59	)%

~~Permanent items in 2013 relate primarily to non-deductible restructuring costs incurred in connection with the restructuring.~~71

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

1312. Income Taxes (continued)

Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes. The components of the net deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following at December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015:

	December 31,
	2015			2014
	2016			2015
Deferred tax assets:
Current
Accounts receivable	$	~~3,196~~—		$	23,~~378~~196
Deferred revenue	~~3,509~~—			3,~~614~~509
Other	~~626~~—			~~788~~626
Total deferred tax assets-current	~~7,331~~—			67,~~780~~331
Noncurrent
Net operating loss carry forwards	70,755			67,855
Accounts receivable	2,733			—
Customer lists	4,053			4,884
Deferred revenue	3,407			—
Trademark	1,027			1,205
Net operating loss carry forwards	68,341			70,755
Other	4,649			4,799
Customer lists	3,231			4,053
Total deferred tax assets-noncurrent	80,484			78,743
Trademark	848			1,027
Total deferred tax assets	$	87,815		$	85,523
Other	3,975			4,649
Total deferred tax assets-noncurrent	82,535			80,484
Total deferred tax assets	$	82,535		$	87,815
Deferred tax liabilities:
Current:
Other Current Liabilities	$	~~294~~—		$	~~225~~294
Total Deferred tax liabilities - Current	$	~~294~~—		$	~~225~~294
Noncurrent
Customer Lists	$	~~526~~219		$	~~956~~526
Other Non-current liabilities	~~103~~291			98103
Goodwill	89,~~856~~825			78,~~886~~856
Accelerated Depreciation	32,~~003~~123			43,~~532~~003
Total deferred tax liabilities-noncurrent	$	12,~~488~~458		$	1312,~~472~~488
Net deferred tax assets — current:
Total Deferred tax assets-Current	$	~~7,331~~—		$	67,~~780~~331
Total Deferred tax liabilities - Current	~~294~~—			~~225~~294
Valuation allowance	~~(7,037~~—		)	(67,~~555~~037		)
Net current deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—
Net deferred tax liabilities — noncurrent:
Deferred tax assets-noncurrent	$	8082,~~484~~535		$	7880,~~743~~484
Deferred tax liabilities-noncurrent	12,~~488~~458			1312,~~472~~488
Valuation allowance	(7679,~~851~~902		)	(7376,~~157~~851		)
Net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities	$	(89,~~856~~825	)	$	(78,~~886~~856	)

The Company has provided a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015 because management does not believe it is more likely than not that this asset will be realized. The net change in the Company's valuation allowance was ana ~~increase~~decrease of $43,~~176~~986 between ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015. If the Company achieves profitability, the net deferred tax assets may be available to offset future income tax liabilities.

At December 31, ~~2015~~2016, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards available totaling $~~184~~183,~~981~~297, which begin to expire in 2022.

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BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

1413. Employee Savings and Retirement Plan

The Company has an active contributory defined contribution plan under Section 401(k) of the Code covering all qualified employees. Participants may elect to defer up to 20% of their annual compensation, subject to an annual limitation as provided by the Code. The Company’s matching contribution to this plan is discretionary. For the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014, the Company did not make any contributions to the plan.

1514. Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, revolving credit facility and long-term debt. The Company’s available cash balances are invested on a short-term basis (generally overnight) and, accordingly, are not subject to significant risks associated with changes in interest rates. All of the Company’s cash flows are derived from operations within the United States and are not subject to market risk associated with changes in foreign exchanges rates. The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable reported in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015 are deemed to approximate fair value because of their liquidity and short-term nature.

The Company had outstanding borrowings of $1211,500 and $1012,~~000~~500 on its Credit Facility as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015 respectively. The carrying amount of this debt is deemed to approximate its fair value due to its variable interest rate and its short term nature. The fair value of the Company’s New Notes was $~~134~~147,~~230~~473 and $~~139~~134,~~200~~230 as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015, respectively, which was based on publicly quoted prices of the notes on that date. These are considered to be Level 1 inputs.

1615. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has employment agreements with certain key executives as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016. These agreements provide for base salaries and performance bonuses over periods ranging from one to two years. These employment agreements also provide for severance compensation ranging from 6 to 24 months after termination.

The Company has standby letters of credit outstanding of $~~647~~509, which are fully collateralized by domestic certificates of deposit.

The Company has, in the ordinary course of its business, disputed certain billings from carriers and has recorded the estimated settlement amount of the disputed balances. The settlement estimate is based on various factors, including historical results of prior dispute settlements. The amount of such charges in dispute at December 31, ~~2015~~2016 was $1012,~~079~~405. The Company believes that the ultimate settlement of these disputes will be at amounts less than the amount disputed and has accrued the estimated settlement in accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, ~~2015~~2016. It is possible that actual settlements of such disputes may differ from these estimates and the Company may settle at amounts greater than the estimates.

The Company has entered into commercial agreements with its principal vendor under which it purchases certain services that it had previously leased under the unbundled network platform provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 as well as special access services. During 2016, the Company entered into an extension of a commercial agreement with its principal vendor expiring in 2019.

The Company is, in the ordinary course of business, under audit with several state and local taxing authorities, including an examination to determine the Company's compliance with applicable escheat laws. The Company is complying with all examinations. Any estimated tax liabilities are included in taxes payable and estimated escheat liability is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. It is possible that actual settlements may differ from these estimates and the Company may settle at amounts greater than the estimates. The Company does not believe that the ultimate outcome of any such audits will result in any liability that would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

7173

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(in thousands, except share information)

1716. Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations

The following are the unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015. We believe that the following information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of full year results.

	2016
	For the Quarterly Period Ended
	March 31,			June 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Revenues	$	71,923		$	72,865		$	72,837		$	71,130
Cost of revenues	31,309			30,818			30,382			29,554
Income from operations	4,342			5,069			5,843			4,958
Net income (loss)	(160		)	569			915			940
	2015
	For the Quarterly Period Ended
	March 31,			June 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Revenues	$	72,853		$	73,079		$	73,040		$	72,137
Cost of revenues	33,568			32,313			32,101			31,995
Income from operations	795			2,204			2,403			2,623
Net loss	(3,752		)	(2,223		)	(1,942		)	(1,875		)
	2014
	For the Quarterly Period Ended
	March 31,			June 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Revenues	$	77,611		$	76,412		$	73,720		$	72,726
Cost of revenues	36,278			35,182			34,058			33,894
Income from operations	1,599			3,408			2,182			1,683
Net loss	(3,065		)	(1,139		)	(2,360		)	(2,663		)

7217. Subsequent Event

~~Table~~On April 12, 2017, the Company executed a definitive Agreement and Plan of ~~Contents~~Merger pursuant to which it will be acquired via a reverse triangular merger by Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream”) in an all cash transaction. The transaction has been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors and, following execution of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, stockholders holding a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote approved the Agreement and Plan of Merger and the transactions contemplated thereby. The transaction has also been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors of Windstream and is not subject to any financing conditions or Windstream stockholder approval. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, each share of Company common stock will receive $6.98 per share in cash at the closing of the transaction. It is anticipated that the Company’s existing indebtedness, including all of the Company’s outstanding 10.5% Senior Notes and all outstanding amounts under the Company’s $25 million revolving credit facility, will be repaid at closing. Closing of the transaction is anticipated to occur in the third quarter of 2017 and is subject only to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.


Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.


Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2015.

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procedures as of December 31, 2016. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2016.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. As defined in SEC Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

1. Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Company’s transactions and the dispositions of assets of the Company;

2. Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and Board of Directors; and

3. Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting is set forth above under the heading “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” in Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K.

This annual report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the SEC applicable to non-accelerated filers, which only requires the Company to provide management’s report in this annual report.

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(d) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During our fourth fiscal quarter of ~~2014~~2016, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in SEC Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f)) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


Item 9B.	Other Information

None.

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PART III


Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Executive Officers and Directors

Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of our executive officers and directors as of ~~March~~April 3013, ~~2015~~2017. Each of the directors were appointed pursuant to resolutions duly adopted by the board of directors of Broadview and each of its subsidiaries on November 6, 2012. All directors are elected to serve until their successors are elected and qualified, until such director’s death, or until such director shall have resigned or shall have been removed.



Name	Position
Michael K. Robinson	Chief Executive Officer and President; Director
Brian P. Crotty	Chief Operating Officer
Corey Rinker	Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary
Charles C. Hunter	Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Kenneth A. Shulman	Chief Technology Officer and Chief Information Officer
Terrence J. Anderson	Executive Vice President - Corporate Development
Anthony M. Abate	Director
John R. Brecker	Director
Jeffrey A. Brodsky	Director
James N. Chapman	Director
James V. Continenza	Director
Richard J. Santagati	Director

Biographies of Executive Officers

Michael K. Robinson, President and Chief Executive Officer; Director (5960). Mr. Robinson joined the Company as the Chief Executive Officer in March 2005 and is responsible for all operations and strategy for the Company. Prior to this, Mr. Robinson had been with US LEC Corp. (now part of Windstream), a publicly traded communications provider, as executive vice president and chief financial officer since July 1998, responsible for all financial operations including treasury, general accounting and internal controls, investor relations, billing and information systems development, information technology, human resources and real estate. Prior to joining US LEC, Mr. Robinson spent 10 years in various management positions with the telecommunications division of Alcatel, including executive vice president and chief financial officer of Alcatel Data Networks and the worldwide financial operations of the enterprise and data networking division of Alcatel. Prior to these roles, Mr. Robinson was chief financial officer of Alcatel Network Systems. Before joining Alcatel, Mr. Robinson held various management positions with Windward International and Siecor Corp. (now Corning). Mr. Robinson was appointed to our board of directors on January 8, 2009. Mr. Robinson also serves on the boards of directors of FairPoint Communications, Inc. (“Fairpoint”) and Lumos Networks Corp. (“Lumos”). In addition, Mr. Robinson serves on various committees of such boards, including audit (FairPoint and Lumos), ~~regulatory (Fairpoint)~~ and nominating/governance (Fairpoint and Lumos). Mr. Robinson participates in various industry associations and serves as a trustee for the Committee for Economic Development (CED). Mr. Robinson holds a bachelor’s degree from Emory and Henry College and a masters degree in business administration from Wake Forest University.

Brian P. Crotty, Chief Operating Officer (45). Mr. Crotty joined the Company as Chief Operating Officer in 2000, originally with Bridgecom International, which acquired Broadview Networks in 2005. Mr. Crotty has over 23 years of senior management experience in the communications industry. In his role with Broadview, he is heavily involved in strategy and responsible for all revenue generation, revenue retention and all operational aspects of the Company including sales, marketing, provisioning, billing, network operations, customer repair, field services and customer service. Mr. Crotty formerly served as Bridgecom’s President and Chief Operating Officer. Prior to joining Bridgecom, he held a succession of positions with CoreComm Ltd., a publicly traded integrated communications provider with facilities throughout the Northeast and Midwest, most recently acting as Director of Operations. Mr. Crotty joined CoreComm Ltd., through the acquisition of USN Communications Inc. where he held a succession of senior management roles in both sales and operations, most recently as Vice President of Operations. Prior to that, Mr. Crotty was the co-founder and served as Executive Vice President of The Millennium Group, one of the first CLECs in the state of Wisconsin. In addition, Mr. Crotty has also served as President and CEO with CEI Communications, which he founded. Mr. Crotty obtained a degree in Business Administration from St. Norbert College.

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Corey Rinker, Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary (57). Mr. Rinker, a certified public accountant and attorney, joined the Company (originally with Bridgecom) as Chief Financial Officer in January 2001 following seven years of experience serving in similar positions with both privately held and publicly traded corporations including The Intellisource Group, a Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. partnership company (NYSE:SFE). Mr. Rinker also possesses nearly a decade of cumulative experience with predecessors of the Big Four accounting firms of Deloitte & Touche LLP and Ernst & Young LLP, serving in senior managerial positions in the tax and consulting areas. Mr. Rinker also serves as the Secretary and Treasurer of Broadview. He has an accounting degree, with honors, from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and a J.D. degree from Yeshiva University’s Cardozo School of Law.

Charles C. Hunter, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (62). Mr. Hunter has served as Executive Vice President, Secretary, and General Counsel of Broadview since 2003 (originally with Bridgecom), where he continues to be responsible for the corporate and legal affairs of the Company, including federal and state public policy advocacy. He is a 35-year veteran of telecommunications law and policy who has been involved in the competitive communications industry for nearly three decades. Prior to joining Broadview, Mr. Hunter headed the Hunter Communications Law Group P.C., a District of Columbia based boutique telecommunications law firm with a nationwide clientele. He began his legal career as a trial attorney with the Federal Maritime Commission and afterwards was a partner specializing in telecommunications matters at the Chicago-based law firm of Gardner, Carton and Douglas and the Washington, D.C. based law firm of Herron, Burchette, Ruckert and Rothwell. Mr. Hunter received his J.D. from the Duke University School of Law and his undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He is a member of the bars of the State of New York, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Supreme Court and numerous Federal Appellate Courts.

Kenneth A. Shulman, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Information Officer (62). Mr. Shulman joined Broadview Networks in 1999 as Chief Technology Officer. In this role, he is responsible for the architecture, technology, standards and evolution plans for the company’s integrated communications networks and services, including the development of the software, systems and technology underlying our flagship OfficeSuite® Phone platform. As Chief Information Officer, Mr. Shulman is also responsible for the Company’s patented integrated provisioning, billing and CRM systems, software and IT infrastructure. Mr. Shulman has over 37 years of leadership experience in communications technology. He previously served as vice president of local network technology for AT&T, a position he assumed when AT&T acquired Teleport Communications Group (TCG) in 1998. From 1987 to 1998, Mr. Shulman held officer positions with TCG, including as senior vice president and chief technology officer. Earlier, he was director of systems engineering for MCI International. Before that, Mr. Shulman specialized in network planning with Bell Communications Research Inc. (Bellcore) and Bell Laboratories. He holds a B.E. in electrical engineering from the State University of New York at Stony Brook, an M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Rochester, and an M.B.A. from The Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Shulman has served on many technical advisory boards, and currently serves on the advisory board of Baker Capital.

Terrence J. Anderson, Executive Vice President - Corporate Development (49). Mr. Anderson was a co-founder of Broadview Networks in 1996 and has served as Executive Vice President, Finance, since the Company’s inception. His current role includes corporate development, business planning and financial analysis. He has led efforts to raise capital and offered financial direction. Previously, as a vice president in the media and telecommunications finance group of Chemical Banking Corp. from 1988 to 1995, Mr. Anderson was responsible for originating and executing transactions and financing for diverse customers, including several large cable operators. Mr. Anderson holds a bachelor’s degree in economics from Princeton University and an M.B.A. with honors from Columbia University.

Biographies of Directors

Antony M. Abate (51). Mr. Abate is currently serving as both Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Echo360, Inc, a SaaS active learning solutions provider for post secondary education and corporate training. Echo360 supports 3 million users and over 700 institutions across 30 countries. Prior to joining Echo360, Mr. Abate spent several years as an investor at Battery Ventures and Whitney & Company. From 1991 to 1996, Mr. Abate served as a consultant at McKinsey & Company, advising several leading publicly traded companies in the digital mobile, consumer broadband and Internet telephony sectors. Previously, Mr. Abate served as an officer in the U.S. Air Force as a product manager. Mr. Abate served on the board of directors of Looking Glass Networks, Informio, Novaxess, Usinternetworking, RelevantKnowledge and Cbeyond Communications. Mr. Abate holds a B.S.E. in Electrical Engineering from Duke University with honors and an M.B.A. with honors from Harvard Business School. Mr. Abate has served as one of our directors since November 13, 2012.

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~~John~~Brian RP. ~~Brecker (52). From~~Crotty, ~~1999~~Chief toOperating ~~2012,~~Officer (46). Mr. ~~Brecker~~Crotty ~~served~~joined the Company as ~~Principal~~Chief ~~and~~Operating ~~Co-founder~~Officer ofin ~~Longacre~~2000, ~~Fund~~originally ~~Management~~with ~~specializing~~Bridgecom inInternational, ~~distressed~~which ~~debt~~acquired ~~and~~Broadview ~~credit~~Networks ~~investing~~in 2005. Mr. ~~From~~Crotty ~~2005~~has toover ~~2012,~~23 Mryears of senior management experience in the communications industry. ~~Brecker~~ In ~~also~~his ~~served~~role aswith ~~Principal~~Broadview, ~~and~~he ~~Co-founder~~is ofheavily ~~Longacre~~involved ~~Special~~in ~~Equities~~strategy ~~Fund~~and ~~Management.~~responsible ~~Prior~~for toall ~~1999~~revenue generation, ~~Mr. Brecker~~revenue ~~spent~~retention ~~over~~and 10all ~~years~~operational inaspects ~~various~~of ~~positions~~the asCompany aincluding ~~trader~~sales, atmarketing, ~~firms~~provisioning, ~~such~~billing, asnetwork ~~Bear~~operations, ~~Stearns &~~customer ~~Co.~~repair, field services and ~~Angel &~~customer ~~Frankel~~service. Mr. ~~Brecker~~Crotty ~~holds~~formerly aserved Bas Bridgecom’s President and Chief Operating Officer.A. Prior ~~from~~to ~~American~~joining ~~University~~Bridgecom, ~~and~~he held a ~~J.D.~~succession ~~from~~of Stpositions with CoreComm Ltd., ~~John’s~~a ~~University~~publicly ~~School~~traded integrated communications provider with facilities throughout the Northeast and Midwest, most recently acting as Director of ~~Law~~Operations. Mr. ~~Brecker~~Crotty ~~currently~~joined ~~serves~~CoreComm onLtd., through the ~~board~~acquisition of ~~directors~~USN ~~for~~Communications ~~Nelson~~Inc. ~~Education~~where ~~Ltd.,~~he ~~ACA~~held ~~Financial~~a ~~Guaranty~~succession ~~Corporation,~~of ~~Targus~~senior ~~Group~~management ~~International,~~roles ~~PMI~~in ~~Group,~~both ~~Inc.,~~sales ~~Refrigerator~~and ~~Holdings~~operations, ~~Inc~~most recently as Vice President of Operations., ~~and~~Prior ~~Catalyst~~to ~~Paper~~that, ~~Inc.~~ Mr. ~~Brecker~~Crotty ~~also~~was ~~serves~~the onco-founder ~~the~~and ~~audit~~served ~~committee~~as ~~of Nelson~~Executive ~~Education~~Vice President ~~Ltd.~~of ~~and~~The ~~Catalyst~~Millennium ~~Paper~~Group, ~~Inc~~one of the first CLECs in the state of Wisconsin. In addition, Mr. Crotty ~~Brecker~~has ~~serves~~also onserved ~~the~~as ~~compensation~~President ~~committee~~and ofCEO ~~ACA~~with ~~Financial~~CEI ~~Guaranty~~Communications, ~~Corporation~~which he founded. Mr. ~~Brecker~~Crotty ~~has~~obtained ~~served~~a asdegree ~~one~~in ofBusiness ~~our~~Administration ~~directors~~from ~~since~~St. ~~November 13,~~Norbert ~~2012~~College.

~~Jeffrey~~Corey A.Rinker, ~~Brodsky~~Chief ~~(57).~~Financial ~~Mr.~~Officer, ~~Brodsky~~Executive isVice ~~currently serving as Managing Director of Quest Turnaround Advisors~~President, ~~LLC,~~Treasurer ~~a financial advisory~~ and ~~restructuring~~Assistant ~~firm~~Secretary Mr(58). ~~Brodsky co-founded in 2000~~Mr. He Rinker, isa ~~also~~certified ~~leading~~public ~~Quest’s~~accountant ~~role~~and asattorney, ~~Plan~~joined ~~Administrator~~the ofCompany ~~Adelphia~~(originally ~~Communications~~with ~~Corporation~~Bridgecom) ~~and~~ as ~~Trust~~Chief ~~Administrator~~Financial ofOfficer ~~the~~in ~~Adelphia~~January ~~Recovery~~2001 ~~Trust. Mr.~~following ~~Brodsky~~seven ~~also~~years ~~currently serves as a director~~ of ~~Her~~experience ~~Justice,~~serving ~~Inc. Previously~~in ~~Mr.~~similar ~~Brodsky~~positions ~~led~~with ~~Quest's~~both ~~role~~privately asheld ~~Liquidation~~and ~~Manager~~publicly oftraded ~~the~~corporations ~~ResCap~~including ~~Liquidating~~The ~~Trust~~Intellisource ~~and served as Chairman~~Group, ~~President~~a ~~and~~Safeguard ~~CEO of PTV~~Scientifics, Inc. ~~(formerly~~partnership ~~NTL~~company ~~Incorporated~~(NYSE:SFE). ~~until~~Mr. Rinker ~~its~~also ~~dissolution~~possesses innearly ~~October~~a ~~2010, as~~decade ~~non-executive chairman~~ of ~~AboveNet,~~cumulative ~~Inc.,~~experience ~~and~~with ~~Horizon~~predecessors ~~Lines, Inc., and a director~~ of ~~Euramax~~the ~~Holdings,~~Big ~~Inc.,~~Four ~~Motor~~accounting ~~Coach~~firms ~~International,~~of ~~Inc.,~~Deloitte & ~~EBG~~Touche ~~Holdings,~~LLP ~~LLC,~~and ~~Titan~~Ernst & ~~Energy~~Young ~~Partners~~LLP, ~~LP,~~serving ~~TVMAX,~~in ~~Inc.,~~senior ~~Morris~~managerial ~~Material~~positions ~~Handling,~~in ~~Inc.,~~the ~~Comdisco~~tax ~~Holdings, Inc.~~ and ~~Hawaiian~~consulting ~~Airlines, Inc~~areas. Mr. Rinker ~~Brodsky~~also ~~holds~~serves aas ~~B.S.~~the ~~from~~Secretary ~~New~~and ~~York~~Treasurer ~~University College~~ of ~~Business~~Broadview. ~~and~~He ~~Public~~has ~~Administration~~an ~~and~~accounting andegree, ~~M.B.A.~~with honors, from ~~New~~the ~~York~~ University ~~Graduate School~~ of ~~Business.~~Massachusetts ~~Mr.~~at ~~Brodsky~~Amherst isand a ~~Certified Public Accountant~~J. MrD. ~~Brodsky~~degree ~~has~~from ~~served~~Yeshiva asUniversity’s ~~one~~Cardozo School of ~~our directors since November 13, 2012~~Law.

~~James~~Charles NC. ~~Chapman~~Hunter, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (5363). Mr. ~~Chapman~~Hunter ishas ~~non-executive~~served ~~Director~~as ofExecutive ~~CSC~~Vice ~~ServiceWorks~~President, aSecretary, ~~provider~~and ofGeneral ~~outsourced~~Counsel ~~services~~of toBroadview ~~the~~since ~~multi-family~~2003 ~~housing~~(originally ~~and~~with ~~related industries. In addition~~Bridgecom), ~~Mr.~~where ~~Chapman serves~~he ascontinues ~~non-executive~~to ~~Advisory~~be ~~Director~~responsible offor ~~SkyWorks~~the ~~Capital, LLC,~~corporate ~~an aviation~~ and ~~aerospace~~legal ~~management~~affairs ~~consulting~~of ~~services~~the ~~company based in Greenwich~~Company, ~~Connecticut,~~including ~~which~~federal heand ~~joined~~state inpublic ~~December~~policy ~~2004~~advocacy. ~~Prior~~He tois ~~SkyWorks,~~a ~~Mr. Chapman~~35-year ~~was~~veteran ~~affiliated~~of ~~with~~telecommunications ~~Regiment~~law ~~Capital~~and ~~Advisors,~~policy anwho ~~investment~~has ~~advisor~~been ~~based~~involved in ~~Boston~~the ~~specializing~~competitive incommunications ~~high~~industry ~~yield~~for ~~investments,~~nearly ~~which~~three ~~he joined in January 2003~~decades. Prior to ~~Regiment~~joining Broadview, Mr. ~~Chapman~~Hunter ~~was~~headed athe ~~capital~~Hunter ~~markets~~Communications ~~and~~Law ~~strategic~~Group ~~planning~~P.C., ~~consultant~~a ~~and~~District ~~worked~~of ~~with~~Columbia ~~private~~based ~~and~~boutique ~~public~~telecommunications ~~companies~~law asfirm ~~well~~with asa ~~hedge~~nationwide ~~funds~~clientele. ~~(including~~He ~~Regiment)~~began ~~across~~his alegal ~~range~~career ofas ~~industries.~~a ~~Mr. Chapman~~trial ~~has~~attorney ~~over~~with 31the ~~years~~Federal ofMaritime ~~investment~~Commission ~~banking~~and ~~experience~~afterwards ~~across~~was a ~~wide~~partner ~~range~~specializing ofin ~~industries~~telecommunications ~~including~~matters ~~aviation/airlines,~~at ~~metals/mining,~~the ~~natural~~Chicago-based ~~resources/energy,~~law ~~automotive/general~~firm ~~manufacturing,~~of ~~financial services~~Gardner, ~~real~~Carton ~~estate,~~and ~~telecommunications~~Douglas and ~~healthcare.~~the ~~Presently~~Washington, ~~Mr.~~ ~~Chapman~~D.C. ~~serves~~based aslaw afirm ~~member~~ of ~~the board of directors of AerCap~~Herron, NVBurchette, ~~Tembec~~Ruckert ~~Inc.~~ and ~~Tower International, Inc~~Rothwell., ~~as well as a number of private companies.~~ Mr. ~~Chapman~~Hunter received anhis ~~MBA~~J.D. ~~with~~from ~~distinction~~the ~~from~~Duke ~~Dartmouth~~University ~~College~~School ~~and~~of ~~was~~Law ~~elected~~and ashis anundergraduate ~~Edward~~degree ~~Tuck~~from ~~Scholar.~~the HeUniversity ~~received~~of ~~his~~Michigan ~~BA,~~at ~~with~~Ann ~~distinction,~~Arbor. ~~magna~~He ~~cum~~is ~~laude,~~a ~~from~~member ~~Dartmouth~~of ~~College~~the ~~and~~bars ~~was~~of ~~elected~~the toState ~~Phi~~of ~~Beta~~New ~~Kappa~~York, inthe ~~addition~~District toof ~~being~~Columbia, athe ~~Rufus Choate Scholar~~U. MrS. ~~Chapman~~Supreme ~~has~~Court ~~served~~and asnumerous ~~one~~Federal ofAppellate ~~our directors since November 13, 2012~~Courts.

~~James~~Kenneth VA. ~~Continenza~~ Shulman, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Information Officer (5363). Mr. ~~Continenza~~Shulman joined Broadview Networks in 1999 as Chief Technology Officer. In this role, he is aresponsible ~~senior~~for ~~executive~~the ~~who~~architecture, ~~specializes~~technology, instandards ~~businesses~~and ~~across~~evolution aplans ~~variety~~for the company’s integrated communications networks and services, including the development of ~~industries~~the software, systems and technology comprising our flagship OfficeSuite® UC platform. As Chief Information Officer, Mr. Shulman ~~Continenza~~is ~~currently~~also ~~serves~~responsible asfor ~~either~~the ~~Chair~~Company’s orpatented ~~Director~~integrated onprovisioning, ~~the~~billing ~~board~~and CRM systems, software and IT infrastructure. Mr. Shulman has held leadership positions in communications technology for almost 40 years. He previously served as vice president of ~~Tembec~~local ~~Corp,~~network ~~Kodak,~~technology ~~Merrill~~for ~~Corp~~AT&T, ~~Aventine~~a ~~Renewable~~position ~~Energy,~~he ~~The~~assumed ~~Berry~~when ~~Company~~AT&T acquired Teleport Communications Group (TCG) in 1998. From 1987 to 1998, ~~Neff~~Mr. Shulman ~~Rental~~held officer positions with TCG, ~~Sorenson~~including ~~Communications~~as senior vice president and ~~MGage~~chief technology officer. ~~Previously~~Earlier, he was a director of systems engineering for ~~Southwest~~MCI ~~Georgia~~International. ~~Ethanol~~Before that, ~~Blaze~~Mr. Shulman ~~Recycling,~~specialized ~~Portola~~in ~~Packaging,~~network ~~Hawkeye~~planning ~~Renewables,~~with ~~Anchor~~Bell ~~Glass~~Communications ~~Container~~Research ~~Corp~~Inc. (Bellcore, ~~Rath-~~later ~~Gibson,~~known ~~Inc~~as Telcordia) and Bell Laboratories., ~~Rural~~He ~~Cellular~~holds ~~Corp~~a B.E. in electrical engineering from the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Uan M.S. ~~Mobility~~in ~~Inc.,~~electrical ~~Maxim~~engineering ~~Crane~~from ~~Works~~the University of Rochester, ~~Inc~~and an M.,B.A. ~~Arch~~from ~~Wireless~~The ~~Inc~~Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Shulman has served on many technical advisory boards, and ~~Microcell~~currently ~~Telecommunications~~serves ~~Inc~~on the advisory board of Baker Capital.

Terrence J. Anderson, Executive Vice President - Corporate Development (50). Mr. Anderson was a co-founder of Broadview Networks in 1996 and has served as Executive Vice President, Finance, since the Company’s inception. His current role includes corporate development, business planning and financial analysis. He has led efforts to raise capital and offered financial direction. Previously, as a vice president in the media and telecommunications finance group of Chemical Banking Corp. from 1988 to 1995, Mr. Anderson was responsible for originating and executing transactions and financing for diverse customers, including several large cable operators. Mr. Anderson holds a bachelor’s degree in economics from Princeton University and an M.B.A. with honors from Columbia University.

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Biographies of Directors

Antony M. Abate (52). Mr. Abate is currently serving as both Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Echo360, Inc, a SaaS active learning solutions provider for post secondary education and corporate training. Echo360 supports 3 million users and over 700 institutions across 30 countries. Prior to joining Echo360, Mr. Abate spent several years as an investor at Battery Ventures and Whitney & Company. From 1991 to 1996, Mr. Abate served as a consultant at McKinsey & Company, advising several leading publicly traded companies in the digital mobile, consumer broadband and Internet telephony sectors. Previously, Mr. Abate served as an officer in the U.S. Air Force as a product manager. Mr. Abate served on the board of directors of Looking Glass Networks, Informio, Novaxess, Usinternetworking, RelevantKnowledge and Cbeyond Communications. Mr. Abate holds a B.S.E. in Electrical Engineering from Duke University with honors and an M.B.A. with honors from Harvard Business School. Mr. Abate has served as one of our directors since November 13, 2012.

John R. Brecker (53). From 1999 to 2012, Mr. Brecker served as Principal and Co-founder of Longacre Fund Management specializing in distressed debt and credit investing. From 2005 to 2012, Mr. Brecker also served as Principal and Co-founder of Longacre Special Equities Fund Management. Prior to 1999, Mr. Brecker spent over 10 years in various positions as a trader at firms such as Bear, Stearns & Co. and Angel & Frankel. Mr. Brecker holds a B.A. from American University and a J.D. from St. John’s University School of Law. Mr. Brecker currently serves on the board of directors for Nelson Education Ltd., ACA Financial Guaranty Corporation, Targus Group International, PMI Group, Inc., Refrigerator Holdings, Inc., and Catalyst Paper, Inc. Mr. Brecker also serves on the audit committee of Nelson Education Ltd. and Catalyst Paper, Inc. In addition, Mr. Brecker serves on the compensation committee of ACA Financial Guaranty Corporation. Mr. Brecker has served as one of our directors since November 13, 2012.

Jeffrey A. Brodsky (58). Mr. Brodsky is currently serving as Managing Director of Quest Turnaround Advisors, LLC, a financial advisory and restructuring firm Mr. Brodsky co-founded in 2000. He is also leading Quest’s role as Plan Administrator of Adelphia Communications Corporation and as Trust Administrator of the Adelphia Recovery Trust. Mr. Brodsky also currently serves as a director of Her Justice, Inc. Previously Mr. Brodsky led Quest's role as Liquidation Manager of the ResCap Liquidating Trust and served as Chairman, President and CEO of PTV, Inc. (formerly NTL Incorporated) until its dissolution in October 2010, as non-executive chairman of AboveNet, Inc., and Horizon Lines, Inc., and a director of Euramax Holdings, Inc., Motor Coach International, Inc., EBG Holdings, LLC, Titan Energy Partners, LP, TVMAX, Inc., Morris Material Handling, Inc., Comdisco Holdings, Inc. and Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. Mr. Brodsky holds a B.S. from New York University College of Business and Public Administration and an M.B.A. from New York University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Brodsky is a Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Brodsky has served as one of our directors since November 13, 2012.

James N. Chapman (54). Mr. Chapman is non-executive Director of CSC ServiceWorks, a provider of outsourced services to the multi-family housing and related industries. In addition, Mr. Chapman serves as non-executive Advisory Director of SkyWorks Capital, LLC, an aviation and aerospace management consulting services company based in Greenwich, Connecticut, which he joined in December 2004. Prior to SkyWorks, Mr. Chapman was affiliated with Regiment Capital Advisors, an investment advisor based in Boston specializing in high yield investments, which he joined in January 2003. Prior to Regiment, Mr. Chapman was a capital markets and strategic planning consultant and worked with private and public companies as well as hedge funds (including Regiment) across a range of industries. Mr. Chapman has over 30 years of investment banking experience across a wide range of industries including aviation/airlines, metals/mining, natural resources/energy, automotive/general manufacturing, financial services, real estate, telecommunications and healthcare. Presently, Mr. Chapman serves as a member of the board of directors of AerCap, NV, Tembec Inc., Arch Coal, Inc., and Tower International, Inc., as well as a number of private companies. Mr. Chapman received an MBA with distinction from Dartmouth College and was elected as an Edward Tuck Scholar. He received his BA, with distinction, magna cum laude, from Dartmouth College and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, in addition to being a Rufus Choate Scholar. Mr. Chapman has served as one of our directors since November 13, 2012.

James V. Continenza (54). Mr. Continenza is a senior executive who specializes in businesses across a variety of industries. Mr. Continenza currently serves as either Chair or Director on the board of Tembec Corp, Kodak, Merrill Corp, Aventine Renewable Energy, The Berry Company, Neff Rental, Sorenson Communications and MGage. Previously, he was a director for Southwest Georgia Ethanol, Blaze Recycling, Portola Packaging, Hawkeye Renewables, Anchor Glass Container Corp., Rath- Gibson, Inc., Rural Cellular Corp., U.S. Mobility Inc., Maxim Crane Works, Inc., Arch Wireless Inc., and Microcell Telecommunications Inc.

Mr. Continenza has served as one of our directors since November 13, 2012.

Richard J. Santagati (72). From 1994 to 2008, Mr. Santagati served as President of Merrimack College. Previously, Mr. Santagati served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Artel Communications Corporation, a communications systems provider to the New York metropolitan area. Prior 1991, Mr. Santagati spent over 20 years in various management positions at AT&T and Nynex. Mr. Santagati holds a B.S. from Merrimack College and an M.S. from the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Santagati has served as one of our directors since November 13, 2012.

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Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics that is applicable to our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, as well as all our other employees. A copy of the code of ethics may be found on our website at www.broadviewnet.com. Our website is not incorporated by reference into this report.

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Board Committees

Audit committee

The audit committee of our board of directors appoints, determines the compensation for and supervises our independent auditors, reviews our internal accounting procedures, systems of internal controls and financial statements, reviews and approves the services provided by our independent auditors, including the results and scope of their audit, and resolves disagreements between management and our independent auditors. The current members of the audit committee are Messrs. Brodsky, Abate and Santagati. Mr. Brodsky serves as the chairman of the audit committee.

Compensation committee

The compensation committee of our board of directors reviews and recommends to the board of directors the compensation and benefits of all of our executive officers, administers our equity incentive plan and establishes and reviews general policies relating to compensation and benefits of our employees. The current members of the compensation committee are Messrs. Chapman, Continenza and Brecker. Mr. Chapman serves as the chairman of the compensation committee.

Nominating and corporate governance committee

The role of the nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of directors is to identify individuals qualified to become members of the board of directors, to recommend that the board of directors select director nominees for the next annual meeting of stockholders and to develop and recommend to the board of directors a set of corporate governance principles applicable to the company. All of our current directors serve on the nominating and corporate governance committee.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of our executive officers has served as a member of a compensation committee (or other committee serving an equivalent function) of any other entity whose executive officers serve as a director of our company.

Indemnification

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions limiting the liability of directors and officers and indemnifying them under certain circumstances. We have entered into director and officer indemnification agreements with each of our (i) former directors (since 2010) and (ii) executive officers, and we intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our current directors. The indemnification agreements provide that the Company will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the indemnitees, to the fullest extent permitted or required by the laws of the State of Delaware, against certain expenses, judgments, penalties, fines, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement of any proceeding or claim by reason of the indemnitee’s status as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Company or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company or any other entity when serving in a similar capacity at the written request of the Company. The indemnification agreements provide that the indemnitee shall have the right to advancement by the Company prior to the final disposition of any indemnifiable claim of any and all actual and reasonable expenses relating to, arising out of or resulting from any indemnifiable claim paid or incurred by the indemnitee.

We also maintain a directors and officers insurance policy pursuant to which our directors and officers are insured against liability for actions in their capacity as directors and officers.

Compensation Committee Report

The compensation committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with the Company’s management. Based on this review and these discussions, the compensation committee recommended that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K.

The Compensation Committee

John R. Brecker

James N. Chapman (Chairman)

James V. Continenza

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Item 11.	Executive Compensation

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Compensation evaluations and decisions with respect to our named executive officers have primarily been based on the goals of recruiting, retaining and motivating executive leaders who can help us meet and exceed our strategic, financial and operational goals, and emphasizing alignment with our stakeholders. We evaluate the amount of total compensation paid to each of our named executive officers during any fiscal year and primarily consider corporate, financial and operating goals, individual performance and industry trends in setting individual compensation levels for our named executive officers. As such, our compensation programs (including those pertaining to our named executive officers) have historically been weighted toward market-driven base salaries and performance-based cash compensation.

Determination of Compensation

Our compensation committee consists of Messrs. Chapman (the chairman), Continenza and Brecker. The compensation committee, together with our board, is responsible for establishing and making decisions with respect to the compensation and benefit programs applicable to our named executive officers. This compensation discussion and analysis discusses the compensation philosophy and decisions of our board and compensation committee. Our general goal has always been, and continues to be, to provide a total compensation package (irrespective of the individual components) that is competitive with our peer companies.

After being elected to the board on November 13, 2012, the members of the compensation committee conducted a review of our executive compensation policies and practices, which included the engagement of the compensation consulting firm of Lyons, Benenson and Company Inc. to assist with (i) structuring a management (long-term equity) incentive plan, (ii) creating a template for an annual cash-bonus plan, and (iii) formulating a cash- and equity-based compensation structure for its non-employee directors. Additionally, Lyons, Benenson and Company Inc. conducted a benchmarking analysis and proposed a list of peer companies. The compensation committee reviewed this proposal, and after discussion with management and the board, adopted the following as peer companies in 2013: 8x8, Inc., Adtran, Inc., Cbeyond, Inc., Cogent Communications Group, Inc., Consolidated Communications Holdings, Inc., Dialogic, Inc., Earthlink, Inc., Hickory Tech Corporation, Iridium Communications, Inc., j2 Global, Inc., Lumos Networks Corp., Mitel Networks Corporation, Network Engines, Inc., Premiere Global Services, Inc., Primus Telecommunications Group, Inc., ShoreTel, Inc., Sonus Networks, Inc., TeleCommunications Systems, Inc., tw telecom, Inc. and Vonage Holdings Corporation. These companies were chosen based on a combination of revenue, EBITDA and comparability to our business model. Although there has been some industry consolidation that affects a few of these peer companies, the compensation committee has chosen not to modify the peer group or have a new comprehensive compensation study prepared. The compensation committee, based partially on input from Lyons, Benenson and Company Inc., established a target aggregate cash compensation (base salary plus annual bonuses) between the 25th and 50th percentiles of our peer group. In addition, the compensation committee has access to compensation survey information for organizations of similar size and in similar industries, which are available to the Company as a subscriber of those surveys.

With regard to a long term equity incentive program, the compensation committee ~~will~~has ~~work~~worked ~~with an external compensation consultant~~ to establish a program comprised of a combination of equity and a cash pool.

Components of Compensation

During ~~2015~~2016, the compensation provided to our named executive officers consisted of base salary, annual bonus, participation in our defined contribution retirement plan and other employee benefits, and certain severance benefits and perquisites, each of which is described in more detail below.

Base Salary

The base salary payable to each named executive officer is intended to provide a fixed component of compensation reflecting the executive’s skill set, experience, role and responsibilities. Additionally, we intend to be competitive with our peer companies and within the telecommunications sector generally. During ~~2015~~2016, the base salary of each of our named executive officers was reviewed by our compensation committee and with our Chief Executive Officer (other than with respect to his compensation). Based on this review and taking into consideration ~~the report from our~~ compensation ~~consultant~~survey information, our named executive officers ~~did~~received ~~not receive~~ an increase of 3% in their base salaries during ~~2015~~2016.

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Annual Bonuses

Annual bonuses are intended to compensate executives (including our named executive officers) for achieving our annual financial and strategic goals, including overall Company performance standards, new product revenue growth, and cost savings programs. In furtherance of these goals, the compensation committee established a cash-based annual incentive plan linked to the Company’s financial and operating goals for ~~2015~~2016.

The compensation committee determined that the key metrics for determining a payout under the ~~2015~~2016 plan were Adjusted EBITDA (50% weighting), unlevered free cash flow (2010% weighting), total revenue (2025% weighting) and ~~a qualitative~~growth ~~component~~in ~~determined~~revenue byfor the ~~compensation~~Company’s ~~committee~~cloud revenue services as defined in ~~its~~the ~~discretion~~plan (1015% weighting). Company-wide minimum, target and maximum thresholds were established for each such metric. For ~~2015~~2016, (i) the Adjusted EBITDA minimum, target and maximum thresholds were set at $3436.12 million, $4042.16 million and $4851.1 million, respectively, (ii) the unlevered free cash flow minimum, target and maximum thresholds were set at $1012.5 million, $1214.47 million and $1417.96 million, respectively, and (iii) the total revenue minimum, target and maximum thresholds were set at $~~250~~246.53 million, $~~294~~289.78 million and $~~353~~347.68 million, respectively, and (iv) the cloud revenue growth minimum, target and maximum thresholds were set as 15.4%, 20.5% and 25.6%, respectively. Additionally, the plan required that the minimum threshold for Adjusted EBITDA for ~~2015~~2016 be satisfied before any payments are made under the plan (irrespective of whether other metrics for ~~2015~~2016 were satisfied). Based on actual performance for revenue (which was $~~291~~288.18 million), Adjusted EBITDA (which was $3949.62 million), free cash flow (which was $1427.2 million), and ~~the~~cloud ~~discretionary~~growth ~~component~~(which was 19.9%), the weighted average payout was ~~102~~111.26% of each NEO’s target bonus (40% of base salary for each NEO except for Mr. Crotty, whose target is 70% and Mr. Robinson whose target is 100%).

In addition to the annual bonus plan for executives, the Company uses various incentive bonuses to reward performance for other employees.

401(k) Savings Plan

We maintain a tax-qualified, defined contribution employee savings and retirement (401(k)) plan covering all of our full-time employees, including our named executive officers. Under our 401(k) plan, full-time employees may elect to reduce their current compensation to the statutorily prescribed annual limit and have the amount of such reduction contributed to the plan. From time to time, we can make discretionary matching contributions, up to certain pre-established limits, made by our employees (no such contributions were made in ~~2014~~2016). Our named executive officers participate in our 401(k) plan on the same basis as our other employees, except for rules that govern 401(k) plans generally with regard to highly compensated employees, which may limit our named executive officers from achieving the maximum amount of contributions under our 401(k) plan.

Perquisites and Other Employee Benefits

Our named executive officers are eligible to receive the same employee benefits, including life and health insurance benefits, that are available to all our full-time employees. Our Chief Executive Officer receives certain reimbursements for temporary housing near our headquarters and transportation to and from his principal place of residence or location of his family, and is made whole for any tax liability associated with these perquisites. In 2005, the then-current board determined that these benefits were necessary to attract our Chief Executive Officer to join the Company and our prior board believed that these benefits continue to be essential elements of his compensation package and provided our Chief Executive Officer with the contractual right to these benefits in his ~~new~~ employment agreement (described below). The current compensation committee and board reviewed and confirmed this agreement.

Severance Benefits

On July 5, 2012, our prior board executed new employment agreements with each of the named executive officers, pursuant to which they are entitled to receive severance benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment. The prior board approved the new employment agreements, primarily to retain our named executive officers and based, in part, on the recommendation of Towers Watson (the prior compensation consultant), to provide severance benefits that more aligned with current market practices. These severance benefits apply if a named executive officer is terminated without cause and upon a termination by our named executive officers for good reason. Other than with respect to Mr. Robinson’s employment agreement, a termination by our named executive officers for “good reason” following a change of control will entitle the named executive officer to severance benefits. See the summary of employment agreements under the “Narrative Disclosure Related to Summary Compensation Table and Grant of Plan-Based Award Table” below.

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Compensation Risk Management

We reviewed our employee compensation policies and practices. After considering the risk implications of each element of our overall compensation policies and practices, we concluded that such policies and practices are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table provides information regarding the total compensation earned during the fiscal years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014 by our named executive officers (our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and our four other most highly compensated executive officers who were employed by us as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016).

Name and Principal					All Other
Position	Year	Salary($)	Bonus($)	Non-EquityIncentive PlanCompensation($) (1)	All OtherCompensation($) (2)	Total($)
Michael K. Robinson	~~2015~~2016	$~~450~~463,~~000~~500	$—	$~~460~~501,~~215~~975	$~~139~~128,~~955~~294	$~~1,050,170~~	1,093,769
Chief Executive Officer	~~2014~~2015	450,000	—	~~435~~460,~~780~~215	~~108~~139,~~115~~955	~~993~~1,~~895~~050,170
	2013	450,000	—	431,415	119,655	1,001,070
	2014	450,000	—	435,780	108,115	993,895
Corey Rinker	~~2015~~2016	~~270~~278,~~000~~100	—	~~110~~120,~~452~~474	—	~~380~~398,~~452~~574
Chief Financial Officer	~~2014~~2015	270,000	—	~~104~~110,~~587~~452	—	~~374~~380,~~587~~452
	2013	270,000	—	103,540	—	373,540
	2014	270,000	—	104,587	—	374,587
Brian P. Crotty	~~2015~~2016	~~335~~345,~~000~~050	—	~~239~~261,~~823~~585	—	~~574~~606,~~823~~635
Chief Operating Officer	~~2014~~2015	335,000	—	~~227~~239,~~090~~823	~~100~~—	~~562~~574,~~190~~823
	2013	335,000	—	224,815	—	559,815
	2014	335,000	—	227,090	100	562,190
Charles C. Hunter	~~2015~~2016	~~270~~278,~~000~~100	—	~~110~~120,~~452~~474	—	~~380~~398,~~452~~574
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary	~~2014~~2015	270,000	—	~~104~~110,~~587~~452	—	~~374~~380,~~587~~452
	2013	270,000	—	103,540	—	373,540
	2014	270,000	—	104,587	—	374,587
Terrence J. Anderson	~~2015~~2016	~~270~~278,~~000~~100	—	~~110~~120,~~452~~474	—	~~380~~398,~~452~~574
Executive Vice President, Corporate Development	~~2014~~2015	270,000	—	104,587	—	374,587
	2013	270,000	—	103,540	—	373,540
	2014	270,000	—	103,540	—	373,540
Kenneth A. Shulman	~~2015~~2016	~~270~~278,~~000~~100	—	~~110~~120,~~452~~474	—	~~380~~398,~~452~~574
Chief Technology Officer and Chief Information Officer	~~2014~~2015	270,000	—	~~104~~110,~~587~~452	~~100~~—	~~374~~380,~~687~~452
	2013	270,000	—	103,540	—	373,540
	2014	270,000	—	103,540	100	373,640

(1) Amounts listed ~~2013~~2014, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2015~~2016 represent payments to Messrs. Anderson, Crotty, Hunter, Rinker, Robinson and Shulman under their respective annual bonus plans.

(2) Represents, in part, Company paid travel expenses and lodging expenses of $6867,000 and a tax gross-up payment of $7161,~~955,~~294 in order to make Mr. Robinson whole for taxes he was required to pay with respect to such expenses.

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Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table

		Estimated Future PayoutsUnder Non-Equity IncentivePlan Awards
Name	PlanName	Threshold ($)	Target ($)	~~Maximum ($)~~	Maximum ($)
Michael K. Robinson	Annual Bonus Plan	~~337~~347,~~500~~625	~~$450~~463,~~000~~500	~~562,500~~	579,375
Brian P. Crotty	Annual Bonus Plan	~~117~~121,~~875~~411	~~234~~241,~~500~~535	~~293,125~~	301,919
Corey Rinker	Annual Bonus Plan	8183,~~000~~430	~~108~~111,~~000~~240	~~135,000~~	139,050
Charles C. Hunter	Annual Bonus Plan	8183,~~000~~430	~~108~~111,~~000~~240	~~135,000~~	139,050
Terrence J. Anderson	Annual Bonus Plan	8183,~~000~~430	~~108~~111,~~000~~240	~~135,000~~	139,050
Kenneth A. Shulman	Annual Bonus Plan	8183,~~000~~430	~~108~~111,~~000~~240	~~135,000~~	139,050

Narrative Disclosure Relating to Summary Compensation Table and Grant of Plan-Based Award Table

Chief Executive Officer Employment Agreement

On July 5, 2012, we entered into a restated employment agreement with Mr. Robinson, pursuant to which he agreed to serve as our President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company for a one-year term with automatic one-year renewals; provided, that, the employment agreement may be terminated if either party provides 60 days’ written notice prior to the expiration of the then-current term. Mr. Robinson is entitled to a minimum annual base salary of $450,000 and is eligible to receive an annual bonus, as determined by our then-current board (other than Mr. Robinson), with a target bonus of 100% of his annual base salary. If Mr. Robinson’s employment is terminated by us other than for “cause” (as defined in his employment agreement), by Mr. Robinson for “good reason” (as defined in his employment agreement), or if we fail to renew the employment agreement, upon execution and non-revocation of a release of claims in favor of the Company and its affiliates as reflected in the employment agreement, Mr. Robinson will be entitled to (i) an amount equal to 200% of the sum of (a) his highest annual base salary paid during the 12-month period immediately preceding such termination and (b) his annual target bonus with respect to the year of such termination, such amount to be paid in a lump sum, (ii) immediate vesting of any unvested equity incentive awards granted under the management incentive plan, (iii) with respect to the fiscal year of such termination, a pro-rated annual bonus based on his length of service and (iv) continuation of, or reimbursements for, all employee benefits during the 24-month period immediately following such termination. Additionally, if any amounts payable to Mr. Robinson following a change in control become subject to an excise tax under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code, he will be entitled to a gross-up payment to make him whole for any excise tax he is required to pay.

Under his new employment agreement, Mr. Robinson has agreed to a non-compete provision pursuant to which he cannot compete with us for a period of 24 months immediately following termination of his employment. Mr. Robinson is also subject to a non-solicit covenant that prohibits him from soliciting, among others, our officers and other employees for a period of 24 months immediately following the termination of his employment. The employment agreement also contains customary indefinite confidentiality and non-disparagement provisions.

Employment Agreements with Other Named Executive Officers

On July 5, 2012, we also entered into new employment agreements with each of our other named executive officers for a one-year term with automatic one-year renewals; provided, that, each such employment agreements may be terminated if any of the parties thereto provides 60 days’ written notice prior to the expiration of the then-current term. Each such named executive officer is entitled to a minimum annual base salary of $270,000 (or $335,000 with respect to Mr. Crotty) and is eligible to receive an annual target bonus of 40% of his annual base salary (or 70% of Mr. Crotty’s annual base salary), with the actual cash bonus amount to be determined by our then-current board. Upon a termination of employment (i) by us other than for “cause” (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), or (ii) as a result of our failure to renew his employment agreement, or for “good reason” (as defined in the applicable employment agreement), the named executive officer will be entitled to receive: (1) an amount equal to 150% of the sum of (a) his highest annual base salary paid during the 12-month period immediately preceding such termination and (b) his annual target bonus with respect to the year of such termination, such amount to be paid in a lump sum, (2) immediate vesting of any unvested equity awards granted under the management incentive plan, (3) with respect to the fiscal year of such termination, a pro-rated annual bonus based on his length of service and (4) continuation of, or reimbursements (including tax gross-up payments) for, all employee benefits during the 18-month period immediately following such termination.

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Messrs. Anderson, Crotty, Hunter, Rinker and Shulman are prohibited from competing with us for a period of 18 months immediately following any termination of employment. Each employment agreement also contains non-solicit provisions that prohibit each such named executive officer from soliciting, among others, our officers and employees for a period of 18 months immediately following the termination of his employment. The employment agreements also contain customary indefinite confidentiality and non-disparagement provisions.

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

Pursuant to the employment agreements with our named executive officers, the material terms of which have been summarized above under the caption “Narrative Disclosure Relating to the Summary Compensation Table,” upon certain terminations of employment, our named executive officers are entitled to payments of compensation and benefits. The table below reflects the amount of compensation and benefits payable to each named executive officer in the event of (i) termination for cause or, without good reason prior to a change in control (“Voluntary Termination”), (ii) termination other than for cause or by the named executive officer with good reason at any time (“Involuntary Termination”), (iii) termination by reason of an executive’s death or disability (“Death or Disability Termination”), and (iv) an Involuntary Termination following a change in control (“Change in Control Termination”). The amounts shown assume that the applicable triggering event occurred on December 31, ~~2015~~2016, and therefore are estimates of the amounts that would have been paid to the named executive officers upon the occurrence of such triggering event.

Name	Event	CashSeverance($) (1)		Value ofOtherBenefits($)(12)		Value ofTaxGrossUp		Total ($)
Michael K. Robinson (2)	Voluntary Termination	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Michael K. Robinson (3)	Voluntary Termination	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	Involuntary Termination	2,~~250~~317,~~000~~500		24,000		0		2,~~274~~341,~~000~~500
	Death or Disability Termination	0		0		0		0
	Change in Control Termination	2,~~250~~317,~~000~~500		24,000		0		2,~~274~~341,~~000~~500
Corey Rinker	Voluntary Termination	0		0		0		0
	Involuntary Termination	~~675~~695,~~000~~250		18,000		0		~~693~~713,000
	Death or Disability Termination	0		0		0		0
	Change in Control Termination	~~675~~695,~~000~~250		18,000		0—		~~693~~713,000
Brian P. Crotty	Voluntary Termination	0		0		0		0
	Involuntary Termination	1,~~088~~121,~~500~~413		18,000		0		1,~~106~~139,~~500~~413
	Death or Disability Termination	0		0		0		0
	Change in Control Termination	1,~~088~~121,~~500~~413		18,000		0—		1,~~106~~139,~~500~~413
Charles C. Hunter	Voluntary Termination	0		0		0		0
	Involuntary Termination	~~675~~695,~~000~~250		18,000		0—		~~693~~713,000
	Death or Disability Termination	0		0		0		0
	Change in Control Termination	~~675~~695,~~000~~250		18,000		0—		~~693~~713,000
Terrence J. Anderson	Voluntary Termination	0		0		0		0
	Involuntary Termination	~~675~~695,~~000~~250		18,000		0—		~~693~~713,000
	Death or Disability Termination	0		0		0		0
	Change in Control Termination	~~675~~695,~~000~~250		18,000		0—		~~693~~713,000
Kenneth A. Shulman	Voluntary Termination	0		0		0		0
	Involuntary Termination	~~675~~695,~~000~~250		18,000		0—		~~693~~713,000
	Death or Disability Termination	0		0		0		0
	Change in Control Termination	~~675~~695,~~000~~250		18,000		0—		~~693~~713,000

(1) ~~Pursuant~~In addition to ~~the~~regular ~~terms~~cash ~~of their employment agreements~~severance, ~~upon~~this ancolumn ~~Involuntary~~includes ~~Termination or~~ a ~~Change~~pro inrata ~~Control~~bonus ~~Termination,~~for the ~~named~~year ~~executive officers are each entitled to continuation~~ of ~~all~~termination ~~employee~~at ~~benefits~~target ~~for~~level, 18which ~~months~~each ~~(or~~NEO ~~for~~is 24entitled ~~months~~pursuant ~~with respect~~ to ~~Mr. Robinson). Pursuant to~~ the terms of their employment agreements, upon an Involuntary Termination or a Change in Control Termination, the named executive officers are each entitled to a pro-rated bonus at target levels for the year in which termination occurs, as well as earned and accrued, but unused vacation (which is a broad-based benefit and therefore not included in the table above).

83(2)Pursuant to the terms of their employment agreements, upon an Involuntary Termination or a Change in Control Termination, the named executive officers are each entitled to continuation of all employee benefits for 18 months (or for 24 months with respect to Mr. Robinson). Pursuant to the terms of their employment agreements, upon an Involuntary Termination or a Change in Control Termination, the named executive officers are each entitled to earned and accrued, but unused vacation (which is a broad-based benefit and therefore not included in the table above).

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(23) As discussed above, if any amounts payable to Mr. Robinson following a change in control become subject to an excise tax under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code, he will be entitled to a gross-up payment to make him whole for any excise tax he is required to pay, however, the Company has determined that Mr. Robinson would not have been entitled to any such gross-up payment had such termination of employment occurred on December 31, ~~2015~~2016.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The following table summarizes the compensation received by our directors for the year ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016.

Name	Fees earnedor paid incash ($)	Total ($)
Anthony M. Abate (1)	$90,000	$90,000
John R. Brecker (1)	90,000	90,000
Jeffrey A. Brodsky (1)	112,500	112,500
James N. Chapman (1)	~~112~~97,500	~~112~~97,500
James V. Continenza (1)	97,500	97,500
Richard J. Santagati (1)	90,000	90,000


(1)	Term as director began as of November 13, 2012.

Narrative Disclosure Relating to Director Compensation Table

Director compensation reflects each director’s respective board membership and/or board leadership roles in accordance with the director compensation policy based, in part, on the recommendation of Lyons, Benenson & Company Inc. as discussed above. In the event that new directors are elected to the Company’s board who are neither executives, nor represent significant shareholders, the Company may compensate such individuals for their role on the board and board committees. It is anticipated that the compensation for such members of the board would be approved by the board that may be in place at that time. The Company’s directors are reimbursed for normal and customary expenses submitted in association with their participation at board meetings and committee meetings.


Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table sets forth information known to us with respect to the beneficial ownership of our Common Stock as of ~~March~~April 1510, ~~2016~~2017 for:


•	each person who we know beneficially owns more than 5% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock;


•	each of our directors;


•	each of our named executive officers; and


•	all of our directors and named executive officers as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission. The number of shares outstanding used in calculating the percentage of beneficial ownership for each person listed below is based on 9,~~999~~993,~~945~~120 shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of ~~March~~April 1510, ~~2016~~2017 and the shares underlying warrants held by such person that are exercisable within 60 days of ~~March~~April 1510, ~~2016~~2017, but excludes shares underlying warrants held by any other person. Except as indicated in the footnotes to this table and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock listed as beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated, the principal address for each of the stockholders is c/o Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., 800 Westchester Avenue, Suite N501, Rye Brook, NY 10573.

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	CommonStockOwnership	Common StockPercent ofClassBeneficialOwnership
Michael K. Robinson (1)	2,584	0.2%
Brian P. Crotty (2)	1,875	0.1%
Terrence J. Anderson (3)	1,609	0.1%
Kenneth A. Shulman (4)	1,025	0.1%
Corey Rinker (5)	763	0.1%
Charles C. Hunter (6)	714	0.1%
Antony M. Abate	—	—%
John R. Brecker	—	—%
Jeffrey A. Brodsky	—	—%
James N. Chapman	—	—%
James V. Continenza	—	—%
Richard J. Santagati	—	—%
Directors and Executive
Officers as a Group (7)	8,570	0.7%
Fidelity (8)	3,~~620~~613,~~498~~673	36.2%
MSD Credit Opportunity Fund, L.P. (9)	1,660,577	16.6%
High River (10)	1,654,218	16.56%
MCG (11)	132,779	9.5%
Rotation (11)	678,250	6.8%
BlackRock (12)	883,150	8.8%


(1)	Mr. Robinson beneficially owns 2,584 shares of Common Stock, a Series A-1 warrant to acquire 12,776 shares of Common Stock and a Series A-2 warrant to acquire 4,839 shares of Common Stock.


(2)	Mr. Crotty beneficially owns 1,875 shares of Common Stock, a Series A-1 warrant to acquire 9,272 shares of Common Stock and a Series A-2 warrant to acquire 3,512 shares of Common Stock.


(3)	Mr. Anderson beneficially owns 1,609 shares of Common Stock, a Series A-1 warrant to acquire 7,954 shares of Common Stock and a Series A-2 warrant to acquire 3,013 shares of Common Stock.


(4)	Mr. Shulman beneficially owns 1,025 shares of Common Stock, a Series A-1 warrant to acquire 5,068 shares of Common Stock and a Series A-2 warrant to acquire 1,919 shares of Common Stock.


(5)	Mr. Rinker beneficially owns 763 shares of Common Stock, a Series A-1 warrant to acquire 3,774 shares of Common Stock and a Series A-2 warrant to acquire 1,429 shares of Common Stock.


(6)	Mr. Hunter beneficially owns 714 shares of Common Stock, a Series A-1 warrant to acquire 3,531 shares of Common Stock and a Series A-2 warrant to acquire 1,337 shares of Common Stock.


(7)	Our Directors and Executive Officers, as a group, beneficially own 8,570 shares of Common Stock, Series A-1 warrants to acquire 42,375 shares of Common Stock and Series A-2 warrants to acquire 16,049 shares of Common Stock.

(8) Fidelity refers to: Master Trust Bank of Japan Ltd. Re Fidelity US High Yield; Fidelity Funds - US High Income; Fidelity American High Yield Fund; Fidelity Canadian Asset Allocation Fund; Fidelity Advisors Series I: Fidelity Advisor High Income Advantage Fund; ~~IG Investment Management Ltd., as trustee for IG FI Canadian Allocation Fund;~~ Fidelity Canadian Balanced Fund; Fidelity Summer Street Trust: Fidelity Global High Income Fund; Fidelity Puritan Trust: Fidelity Puritan Fund; Fidelity Funds - Global High Yield Focus Pool; Fidelity Global High Yield Fund; Fidelity Summer Street Trust: Fidelity Series High Income Fund; Fidelity Central Investments Portfolios LLC: Fidelity High Income Central Fund 2; Pyramis High Yield Fund, LLC; Fidelity Summer Street Trust: Fidelity High Income Fund. The address of Fidelity is 82 Devonshire Street, Mail Zone E20E, Boston, Massachusetts 02109-3614.

(9) MSDC Management, L.P. is the investment manager of, and may be deemed to have or share voting and dispositive power over, and/or beneficially own securities owned by, MSD Credit Opportunity Fund, L.P. MSDC Management (GP), LLC is the general partner of, and may be deemed to have or share voting and dispositive power over, and/or beneficially own securities owned by, MSDC Management, L.P. Each of Glenn R. Fuhrman, John C. Phelan and Marc R. Lisker is a manager of MSDC Management (GP) and may be deemed to have or share voting and/or dispositive power over, and beneficially own, the common shares beneficially owned by MSDC Management (GP). Each of Mr. Fuhrman, Mr. Phelan and Mr. Lisker disclaim beneficial ownership of such common shares, except to the extent of the pecuniary interest of such person in such shares. The address of MSD Credit Opportunity Fund, L.P. is 645 Fifth Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York 10022.

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disclaim beneficial ownership of such common shares, except to the extent of the pecuniary interest of such person in such shares. The address of MSD Credit Opportunity Fund, L.P. is 645 Fifth Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York 10022.

(10) High River refers to High River Limited Partnership. High River is a New York Limited Partnership controlled by Carl Icahn. The address of High River is c/o Icahn Associates Holding LLC, 767 Fifth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, New York 10153.

(11) MCG refers to MCG Capital Corporation. MCG beneficially owns 132,779 shares of Common Stock, a Series A-1 warrant to acquire 656,435 shares of Common Stock and a Series A-2 warrant to acquire 248,650 shares of Common Stock. The address for MCG is 1001 19th Street North, 10th Floor, Arlington, Virginia 22209.

(12) BlackRock refers to: BlackRock Global Funds - US Dollar High Yield Bond Fund; The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.; National Telecommunications Cooperative Association; MET Investors Series Trust - BlackRock High Yield Portfolio; Blackrock Corporate High Yield Fund V, Inc. Blackrock Corporate High Yield Fund VI, Inc.; Blackrock Corporate High Yield Fund VI, Inc.; BlackRock High Income Shares; BlackRock Global Funds Global High Yield Bond Fund; Blackrock Corporate High Yield Fund III, Inc.; Blackrock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc.; California State Teachers’ Retirement System; BlackRock High Yield V.I. Fund of BlackRock Variable Series Funds, Inc.; BlackRock High Yield Portfolio of BlackRock Series Funds, Inc.; BlackRock Funds II - BlackRock High Yield Bond Portfolio; BlackRock High Yield Trust; BlackRock Strategic Bond Trust. The address for BlackRock is Park Avenue Plaza, 55 East 52nd Street New York, New York 10055.

(13) On November 13, 2012, in connection with the Restructuring, up to 10% of the Company’s equity was set aside for issuance of incentive equity to members of our management team.

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(10)	High River refers to High River Limited Partnership. High River is a New York Limited Partnership controlled by Carl Icahn. The address of High River is c/o Icahn Associates Holding LLC, 767 Fifth Avenue, 47^th Floor, New York, New York 10153.


(11)	Rotation refers to Rotation Capital Management, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, the investment manager, of Rotation Capital Credit Opportunities Fund, Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company. The address of Rotation is 489 Fifth Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10017.


(12)	On November 13, 2012, in connection with the Restructuring, up to 10% of the Company’s equity was set aside for issuance of incentive equity to members of our management team.


Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Agreements Between Certain of the Noteholders and Us

Stockholders’ Agreement

We are party to the Stockholders’ Agreement with certain stockholders of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. The Stockholders’ Agreement governs certain rights of such stockholders as set forth below. The following summary of certain provisions of the Stockholders’ Agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the Stockholders’ Agreement, which is listed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this report forms a part.

The Stockholders’ Agreement imposes certain transfer restrictions on our securities and grants certain rights to the parties to such agreement, including, among other things, rights of first offer, drag-along rights, tag-along rights and preemptive rights. Those participation rights, and certain other rights granted under the Stockholders’ Agreement, will terminate upon the earliest of (i) upon the execution of a written agreement of all parties to the Stockholders’ Agreement that beneficially own, with their affiliates, not less than 4% of the outstanding common stock (the “4% Holders”), (ii) upon the pricing of an initial underwritten public offering of common stock, if the common stock so offered nets proceeds to us in excess of $50 million, or (iii) upon (A) any sale, lease, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or any merger, reorganization, consolidation, or recapitalization transaction or (B) any transaction in which the holders of our capital stock immediately prior to such transaction do not continue to own more than 50% of the voting power of the entity surviving such transaction. Under the Stockholders’ Agreement, certain shareholders also have a preemptive right to participate in the issuance or sale of shares of our common stock (or other equity equivalents) on a pro-rata basis.

The Company is required to furnish to the 4% Holders (i) all quarterly and annual financial information that would be required to be contained in a filing with the Commission on Forms 10-K and 10-Q and (ii) all current reports that would be required to be filed with the Commission on Form 8-K; provided that such requirements may be satisfied by filing such registration statement within the time period required for such filing as specified in the Registration Rights Agreement. Not later than 15 business days from the time such reports are furnished to the 4% Holders, the Company shall hold a quarterly conference call to discuss the quarterly and annual financial information contained in such reports; no fewer than three (3) business days prior to the date of the conference call, the Company shall issue a press release announcing the date and time of such conference call.

The rights and obligations of each stockholder party to the Stockholders’ Agreement will terminate with respect to such stockholder upon the transfer by such stockholder of all common stock owned by such stockholder.

Registration Rights Agreement

The Registration Rights Agreement provides for certain registration rights for the benefit of each of the holders party thereto and their eligible transferees (in such capacity, a “Note Holder”). The Registration Rights Agreement provides, among other things, as follows:

Registrable Securities

“Registrable Securities” is defined as the Notes; provided, that as to any particular Registrable Securities, once issued such securities will cease to be Registrable Securities when: (i) a registration statement with respect to the sale of such securities shall have become effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and such securities are sold, transferred, disposed of or exchanged pursuant to such effective registration statement under the Securities Act, (ii) such securities have been otherwise transferred, Notes for them not bearing a legend restricting further transfer has been delivered by the Company and subsequent public distribution does not require registration under the Securities Act (iii) such securities may be sold without limitation under Rule 144 (or any successor rule or regulation then in effect) promulgated under the Securities Act and in such circumstances in which all of the applicable conditions of such Rule 144 (or such successor rule or regulation) are met or (iv) such securities shall have ceased to be outstanding.

Demand Registrations. On or prior to March 31, 2013, the Company was required to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the Registrable Securities and use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective by the Commission by June 26, 2013. The Note Holder or Note Holders, at any time and from time to time, may make a written demand requiring the Company to effect a registration under the Securities Act of all or a part of its Registrable Securities (a “Demand Registration”). The Company is not obligated to (i) effect more than an aggregate of two (2) Demand Registrations, including no more than one (1) Demand Registration in any six-month period registrations, or (ii) effect any Demand Registration where the aggregate price to the public of the Registrable Securities proposed to be sold by a Note Holder or Note Holders is less than $20 million; provided however, a registration will not count as Demand Registration until the Registration Statement filed pursuant to such demand has been declared effective.

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“Automatic Shelf Registration.” the Company shall file a “shelf” registration statement providing for registration and sales on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act by the Note Holders of their Note Registrable Securities; provided that the Company shall not be required to file an automatic shelf registration statement if a registration statement on Form S-3 covering the Registrable Securities is already effective. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause any registration statement to become and remain effective and in compliance with the provisions of the Securities Act until all Registrable Securities and other securities covered by such registration statement have been disposed of in accordance with the method of distribution set forth in such Registration Statement (which period shall not exceed the sum of ninety (90) days in the case of a registration statement filed with respect to and used solely for a single “one-off” underwritten offering plus any period during which any such disposition is interfered with by any stop order or injunction of the Commission or any governmental agency or court or such securities have been withdrawn).

Expenses. Generally, all registrations pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement will be at the Company’s expense whether or not the registration statement becomes effective, including, without limitation, fees and expenses of one counsel selected by the Holders selling Note Registrable Securities in connection with any such registration. The Company is not obligated to pay underwriters’ discounts and commissions attributable to the Note Registrable Securities being sold by a Note Holder. The Note Holders shall bear any expense of the underwriter required to be borne by the Holders or the Company pursuant to the underwriting agreement pro rata in proportion to the respective amount of Registrable Securities each is selling in such offering.

Indemnification. Generally, the Registration Rights Agreement requires the Company to indemnify selling securityholders and underwriters of the resale of their Note Registrable Securities against certain liabilities in connection with the Note Registrable Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement (including the Notes being offered hereby), including liabilities arising under the Securities Act, or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute towards amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. In addition, each Note Holder whose Note Registrable Securities are included in a registration statement is required to indemnify the Company and underwriters of the resale of their Note Registrable Securities against certain liabilities related to the information provided by such Note Holder with respect to such registration statement. The Registration Rights Agreement also provides for the indemnitors to reimburse the indemnified persons for legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such persons in connection with investigating or defending claims for which they are entitled to indemnification under the Registration Rights Agreement.

The Registration Rights Agreement also contains customary terms and provisions, including provisions relating to suspension and delay.

The foregoing summary of certain provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement, which is listed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this report forms a part.

Warrant Agreements

On November 13, 2012, we issued two tranches of eight-year warrants to certain holders of our then-existing preferred stock to acquire shares of newly issued common stock representing, in the aggregate, up to 15.0% of the Company’s outstanding capital stock following the Restructuring (subject to dilution by the management equity plan).

Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements

We have employment agreements with certain of our executive officers as described in the section of this report entitled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”

We have indemnification agreements with certain of our directors and officers as described in the section of this report entitled “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance - Indemnification.”

Policies and Procedures Regarding Transactions with Related Parties

The board of directors has adopted written policies and procedures for transactions with related persons. As a general matter, the policy requires the audit committee to review and approve or disapprove the entry by us into certain transactions with related persons. The policy contains transactions which are pre-approved transactions. The policy only applies to transactions, arrangements and relationships where the aggregate amount involved could reasonably be expected to exceed $120,000 in any calendar year and in which a related person has a direct or indirect interest. A related person is: (i) any director, nominee for director or executive officer of the Company; (ii) any immediate family member of a director, nominee for director or executive officer; and (iii) any person, and his or her immediate family members, or entity, including affiliates, that was a beneficial owner of 5% or more of any class of our outstanding equity securities at the time the transaction occurred or existed.

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Policies and Procedures Regarding Transactions with Related Parties

The policy provides that if advance approval of a transaction subject to the policy is not obtained, it must be promptly submitted to the committee for possible ratification, approval, amendment, termination or rescission. In reviewing any transaction, the committee will take into account, among other factors the committee deems appropriate, recommendations from senior management, whether the transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to a third party in similar circumstances and the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction. Any member of the audit committee who is a related person with respect to a transaction under review may not participate in the deliberations or vote on the approval or ratification of the transaction. However, such a director may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the audit committee that considers the transaction.


Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Fees for professional services provided by our independent auditors Ernst & Young LLP, in each of the following categories for the years ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015

(in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2014
	2016		2015
Audit Fees	$	~~816~~821	$	~~808~~816
Reorganization Fees	—		—
All Other Fees	2		2
Total Fees	$	~~818~~823	$	~~810~~818

Fees for audit services include fees associated with the annual audit and reviews of the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, ~~accounting consultation~~ and ~~work~~accounting ~~incurred in connection with the filing of our registrations statements~~consultation. Audit related fees principally include fees associated with audits and due diligence completed in connection with acquisitions. Reorganization fees include fees associated with the reorganization, including the filing of the registration statement. All fees charged by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, were reviewed and approved by the board of directors and the audit committee.

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PART IV


Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Financial Statements and Schedules

The following financial statements and schedules listed below are included in this Form 10-K.

Financial Statements (See Item 8)

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, ~~2015~~2016 and ~~2014~~2015

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, ~~2015~~2016, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2013~~2014

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedules

SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

	Balance atBeginning ofPeriod		Charges toExpenses		OtherAccounts			Deductions (a)			Balance atEnd of Period
Allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable:
Year Ended December 31, 2013	$	7,460	$	1,276	$	1,230		$	(3,928	)	$	6,037
Year Ended December 31, 2014	$	6,037	$	654	$	874		$	(1,728	)	$	5,837
Year Ended December 31, 2014	6,037		654		874			(1,728		)	5,837
Year Ended December 31, 2015	5,837		982		964			184			7,967
Year Ended December 31, 2016	7,967		1,077		856			(3,102		)	6,798
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets:
Year Ended December 31, 2013	$	71,977	$	—	$	3,896		$	—		$	75,873
Year Ended December 31, 2014	$	75,873	$	—	$	3,839		$	—		$	79,712
Year Ended December 31, 2014	75,873		—		3,839			—			79,712
Year Ended December 31, 2015	79,712		—		4,176			—			83,888
Year Ended December 31, 2016	83,888		—		(3,986		)	—			79,902

(a) ~~Allowance~~Deductions ~~for~~include ~~Uncollectible Accounts Receivable includes~~ amounts written off as uncollectible.

(b) Exhibits

Exhibit


No._	Description_____________________________________________________________________________________


2.1	Disclosure Statement for Solicitation of Acceptances of a Prepackaged Plan of Reorganization, dated July 13, 2012 (together with the exhibits thereto).(a)


2.2	Restructuring Support Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., each of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and certain holders of common and preferred stock and notes.(a)


2.3	First Amendment to Restructuring Support Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., each of its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and certain holders of common and preferred stock and notes.(a)

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2.4	Confirmation Order, dated October 3, 2012.(a)


3.1	Eleventh Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.(a)


3.2	Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.(a)


4.1	Indenture, dated as of November 13, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., the subsidiaries of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and collateral agent.(a)


4.2	Security Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2012, by and among by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., certain subsidiaries of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as collateral agent.(a)


4.3	Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. and certain holders named therein.(a)


4.4	First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 17, 2013, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., the subsidiaries of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and collateral agent.(a)


10.1	Senior Revolving DIP Facility Commitment Letter, dated as of July 18, 2012.(a)


10.2	Debtor in Possession Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., Broadview Networks of Massachusetts, Inc., Broadview Networks of Virginia, Inc., BridgeCom International, Inc., various lenders party thereto from time to time and The CIT Group/Business Credit, inc., as administrative agent.(a)


10.3	Ratification and Amendment Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2012, by and among The CIT Group/Business Credit, Inc., as administrative agent, Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., Broadview Networks of Massachusetts, Inc., Broadview Networks of Virginia, Inc. and BridgeCom International, Inc., each as borrowers, and the Guarantors named therein.(a)


10.4	Exit Facility Commitment Letter, dated as of September 19, 2012.(a)


10.5	Credit Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., ARC Networks, Inc., BridgeCom Solutions Group, Inc., various lenders party thereto from time to time and CIT Finance LLC, as administrative agent.(a)


10.6	Guaranty Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2012, by and among certain subsidiaries of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. in favor of CIT Finance LLC, as administrative agent.(a)


10.7	Collateral Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries, as grantors, in favor of CIT Finance LLC, as administrative agent.(a)


10.8	Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2012 by and among CIT Finance LLC, as administrative agent, The Bank of New York, as trustee, collateral agent and second priority agent, Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. and the Subsidiary Grantors named therein.(a)


10.9	Stockholders Agreement, dated as of November 13, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc. and certain holders named therein.(a)


10.10	Credit Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2006, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., Broadview Networks of Massachusetts, Inc., Broadview Networks of Virginia, Inc., the Lenders named therein, Jefferies & Company, Inc., as syndication agent, and The CIT Group/Business Credit, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent and documentation agent.(a)

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10.11

Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2007, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., Broadview Networks of Massachusetts, Inc., Broadview Networks of Virginia, Inc., the Lenders named therein, Jefferies & Company, Inc., as syndication agent, and The CIT Group/Business Credit, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent and documentation agent.(a)

10.12

Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of November 12, 2010, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., Broadview Networks of Massachusetts, Inc., Broadview Networks of Virginia, Inc., the Lenders named therein, Jefferies & Company, Inc., as syndication agent, and The CIT Group/Business Credit, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent and documentation agent.(a)

10.13

Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2011, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., Broadview Networks of Massachusetts, Inc., Broadview Networks of Virginia, Inc., the Lenders named therein, Jefferies & Company, Inc., as syndication agent, and The CIT Group/Business Credit, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent and documentation agent.(a)

10.14

Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., Broadview Networks of Massachusetts, Inc., Broadview Networks of Virginia, Inc., the Lenders named therein, Jefferies & Company, Inc., as syndication agent, and The CIT Group/Business Credit, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent and documentation agent.(a)

10.15

Amendment No. 5 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of July 19, 2012, by and among Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc., Broadview Networks, Inc., Broadview Networks of Massachusetts, Inc., Broadview Networks of Virginia, Inc., the Lenders named therein, Jefferies & Company, Inc., as syndication agent, and The CIT Group/Business Credit, Inc., as administrative agent, collateral agent and documentation agent.(a)


10.16	COO Employment Agreement, dated as of July 5, 2012, by and between Brian P. Crotty and Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.(a)


10.17	NEO Employment Agreement, dated as of July 5, 2012, by and between Terrence J. Anderson and Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.(a)


10.18	NEO Employment Agreement, dated as of July 5, 2012, by and between Charles C. Hunter and Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.(a)


10.19	CEO Employment Agreement, dated as of July 5, 2012, by and between Michael K. Robinson and Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.(a)


10.20	NEO Employment Agreement, dated as of July 5, 2012, by and between Corey Rinker and Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.(a)


10.21	NEO Employment Agreement, dated as of July 5, 2012, by and between Kenneth Shulman and Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.(a)


10.22	Form of Indemnification Agreement.(a)

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12.1	Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.*


21.1	Subsidiaries of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.*


31.1	Certification pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*


31.2	Certification pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*


32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*


32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*

___________________________


*	Filed herewith.


(a)	Incorporated by reference to Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.'s Form S-1 filed on March 29, 2013 (File No. 333-187629).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this ~~15th~~13th day of ~~March~~April, ~~2016~~2017.



BROADVIEW NETWORKS HOLDINGS, INC.
By:		/s/ Michael K. Robinson
	Name:	Michael K. Robinson
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities indicated and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Michael K. Robinson	Chief Executive Officer, President, and Director	~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
Michael K. Robinson
/s/ Corey Rinker	Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary	~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
Corey Rinker
/s/ Anthony M.Abate	Director	~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
Anthony M. Abate
/s/ John R. Brecker	Director	~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
John R. Brecker
/s/ Jeffrey A. Brodsky	Director	~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
Jeffrey A. Brodsky
/s/ James N. Chapman	Director	~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
James N. Chapman
/s/ James V. Contienza	Director	~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
James V. Continenza
/s/ Richard J. Santagati	Director	~~March~~April 1513, ~~2016~~2017
Richard J. Santagati

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