UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(MARK ONE)

ý		ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2011
For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2012
OR
o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period From To

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-26209

DITECH NETWORKS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


DELAWARE (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		94-2935531 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

~~825~~3099 ~~East~~North ~~Middlefield~~First ~~Road~~Street ~~Mountain~~San ~~View~~Jose, CACalifornia ~~94043~~ 95134 (Address, ~~Including Zip Code,~~ of ~~Registrant's~~principal ~~Principal~~executive ~~Executive~~offices) ~~Offices~~(Zip Code)

(~~650~~408) ~~623~~883-~~1300~~3636 (Registrant's ~~Telephone~~telephone ~~Number~~number, ~~Including~~including ~~Area~~area ~~Code~~code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value		The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No ý

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes oý No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information incorporated by reference to Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large accelerated filer o		Accelerated filer o		Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)		Smaller reporting company ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No ý

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $1710,~~359~~817,~~619~~216 as of October 2931, ~~2010~~2011 based upon the closing price on the ~~Nasdaq~~NASDAQ Global Market reported for such date. Excludes an aggregate of 14,~~308~~149,~~692~~957 shares of common stock held by executive officers and directors and by each person known by the registrant to own 5% or more of the outstanding common stock. Exclusion of shares held by any such person should not be construed to indicate that a determination has been made that such person possesses the power, directly or indirectly, to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the registrant, or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the registrant.

The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's Common Stock as of June 30, ~~2011~~2012 was 26,~~578~~894,~~303~~963 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The information required by Part III of this report, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated by reference from the Registrant's definitive proxy statement relating to the ~~2011~~2012 annual meeting of stockholders, which definitive proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the fiscal year to which this Report relates.

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DITECH NETWORKS, INC.

FORM 10-K

INDEX

		PAGE
PART I
Item 1—Business			1
Item 1A—Risk Factors			1614
Item 1B—Unresolved Staff Comments			2723
Item 2—Properties			2724
Item 3—Legal Proceedings			2824
Item 4—[Removed and Reserved]			28
Item 4—Mine Safety Disclosures			24
PART II
Item 5—Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			2925
Item 6—Selected Financial Data			2925
Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			2925
Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk			4541
Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data			4642
Item 9—Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure			7976
Item 9A—Controls and Procedures			7976
Item 9B—Other Information			8077
PART III
Item 10—Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance			8178
Item 11—Executive Compensation			8178
Item 12—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters			8178
Item 13—Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence			8481
Item 14—Principal Accountant Fees and Services			8481
PART IV
Item 15—Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules			85
Item 15—Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules			82
SIGNATURES			8683

Trademarks:

Ditech, Ditech Networks (and the Fern logo), ~~VQA~~ and ~~PeerPoint~~VQA are registered trademarks of Ditech Networks. ~~mStage and toktok are trademarks of Ditech Networks.~~ This Annual Report on Form 10-K also includes trademarks of companies other than Ditech.

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Ditech Networks, Inc.

Part I

Item 1—Business

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements that relate to future events or future financial performance. Forward looking statements generally can be identified by terminology such as "may", "will", "should", "expects", "plans", "anticipates", "believes", "estimates", "targets", "predicts", "intends", "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the risks outlined under "Item 1A—Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Where we use the words "Ditech," "we," "our" or similar expressions, we are referring to Ditech Networks, Inc. and each of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Our fiscal year ends on April 30. Consequently, when we refer to a specific fiscal year we are referring to the 12 months ended on April 30 of that year. For example, fiscal ~~2011~~2012 means the 12 months ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012.

General

Ditech Networks, Inc. ("Ditech") is a global telecommunications equipment and service supplier for voice networks. We develop, produce and sell voice quality enhancement solutions as well as voice applications solutions to telecommunication service providers worldwide. Our voice quality enhancement solutions enable service providers to deliver consistently clear, end-to-end communications to their subscribers. ~~We believe our new voice application platform will enhance modern communications by enabling carriers to benefit from voice-enabled Web 2.0 and unified communications services.~~

Our voice quality products include echo cancellers, which are used to effectively eliminate echo, a significant problem in existing and emerging voice networks. We also have voice quality products that incorporate both echo cancellation and a ~~new generation of~~ voice quality enhancement technology called Voice Quality Assurance ("VQA"). VQA addresses various voice quality issues in wireline and wireless networks, including a broader spectrum of echo, background noise and inconsistent voice levels. In addition, we have voice quality products that have the ability to accurately measure and report on audio impairments, a technology called Experience Intelligence ("EXi"). Over the last three fiscal years, voice quality ~~products, which include our echo cancellation~~ and ~~VQA platforms,~~VoIP products have ~~comprised~~accounted ~~substantially~~for ~~all~~the majority of our revenue, however, revenue from our voice services products has been increasing and revenues from these products ~~comprised~~accounted for approximately 2029% of our revenues in fiscal ~~2011~~2012. We have also developed an Internet Protocol ("IP") platform, the Packet Voice Processor ("PVP"), which represents our entry into service providers' ~~Internet Protocol (IP)~~ networks using Voice over Internet Protocol ("VoIP") technology. The ~~Packet Voice Processor~~ PVP incorporates our VQA and EXi technology to address voice quality issues specific to packet networks. InOur ~~the~~PVP ~~first~~sales ~~quarter~~accounted offor ~~fiscal 2006,~~approximately we36% acquired a business that developed and sold session border controllers that enable VoIP calls to traverse the network address translation (NAT) and protect networks from external attacks by admitting only authorized sessions, ensuring that reliable VoIP service can be provided to them. As of ~~the~~our ~~end~~revenues ofin fiscal ~~2009, we had incorporated some functionality from this platform into the PVP and have now limited research and development and marketing efforts for this product~~2012.

~~Our~~During ~~voice~~fiscal ~~application~~2010, ~~initiative~~we ~~could~~entered ~~represent~~into aan ~~growth~~exclusive ~~opportunity~~distribution ~~for~~relationship uswith Simulscribe, LLC. In("Simulscribe"), ~~February~~a provider of ~~2009,~~voice-to-text transcription services. As part of this relationship we ~~announced~~obtained ~~the~~exclusive ~~mStage~~worldwide ~~Media~~distribution ~~Processor~~rights ~~platform~~to sell Simulscribe's voice-to-text services, ~~which~~known weas ~~are~~PhoneTag. ~~designing~~The toPhoneTag ~~enable~~application enables carriers to offer value-added services to their customers, including but not limited to voicemail-to-text, dictate-an-SMS ("short message service"), dictate updates to social network applications, and call recording transcriptions. We are also selling the PhoneTag application into enterprises for voicemail-to-text services.

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~~cost-effectively~~ We ~~offer~~market ~~access~~our toproducts ~~telephony~~domestically ~~and~~through ~~web-based applications before, during, and after~~ a ~~phone~~direct ~~conversation.~~sales ~~This capability is in addition to support for voice quality enhancement applications~~force. ~~The mStage Media Processor ("mStage") is a propriety network-based platform for carriers that is being designed to allow the web and / or web-based content to become part of a voice conversation~~Internationally, ~~and~~we itmarket isour ~~based~~products onthrough ~~COTS NEBS-III compliant hardware to efficiently support a wide range of media services and media mixing. This is intended to bring carriers into~~ the ~~"open~~combination ~~mobile application" market across all~~ of their mobile telephone offerings by allowing developers to build voice-to-web and web-to-voice applications on the carrier grade platform. During fiscal 2010, we entered into an exclusive distribution relationship with Simulscribe, LLC. ("Simulscribe"), a ~~provider~~direct ofsales ~~voice-to-text transcription services. As part of this relationship we obtained exclusive worldwide distribution rights to sell Simulscribe's voice-to-text services~~force, known as PhoneTag. We believe that PhoneTag provides a meaningful complement to the other voice technologies being developed under our mStage initiatives. The PhoneTag application enables carriers to offer value-added ~~services to their customers~~resellers, ~~including but not limited to voicemail-to-text,~~system ~~dictate-an-SMS,~~integrators ~~dictate updates to social network applications,~~ and ~~call recording transcriptions~~agents. ~~We believe that there is also a market within enterprises for voicemail-to-text services with PhoneTag.~~

We market our products domestically through a direct sales force and, to a lesser extent, through distributors. Internationally, we market our products through the combination of a direct sales force, value-added resellers, system integrators and agents.

Ditech was originally incorporated as Phone Info., Inc. in July 1983 and subsequently changed its name to Automated Call Processing Corporation, Inc. In March 1997, Automated Call Processing Corporation sold portions of its business and merged with its wholly owned subsidiary, and the surviving entity was renamed Ditech Corporation. Ditech Corporation reincorporated in Delaware in April 1999 and changed its name to Ditech Communications Corporation. In May 2006, Ditech Communications Corporation changed its name to Ditech Networks, Inc.

Mobile Voice Quality Market

Market Size and Characteristics

While we supply voice processing products to both wireless and wireline communications networks, our primary market is mobile operators. Mobile networks are currently estimated to have over 2.5 billion subscribers worldwide and recent market research reports indicate that this subscriber base is still growing, which is is putting increased emphasis on carrier demands for additional capacity while maintaining call quality. Global System for Mobile Communications, commonly referred to as GSM, is the predominant technology for mobile communications outside the United States and is growing in popularity domestically. Code-Division Multiple Access, commonly referred to as CDMA, is an alternative mobile technology used primarily in the U.S. and Korea and a number of smaller networks in other parts of the world. Mobile networks are composed of three distinct types of equipment: (1) Radio Access Network (Cellular towers, base station with radio equipment, backhaul equipment and lines to carry traffic back to the switching site and the base station controllers); (2) Mobile Switching Center ("MSC") with switching equipment; and (3) Inter MSC network to connect switching sites across the carrier's geographical coverage area.

Service Providers Challenges

Improving Voice Quality and Lowering Costs

Voice quality is a key competitive differentiator for telecommunication service providers. To deliver excellent voice quality, service providers must eliminate a variety of voice quality problems that include hybrid and acoustic echo, background noise, and inconsistent voice levels. We believe the result of delivering excellent voice quality can be a reduction in churn, which is the measure of subscribers who cancel their service and move to another carrier.

In addition to delivering optimized voice quality, carriers in this fiercely competitive environment are seeking to lower the capital and operating costs of their voice networks. Service providers are demanding equipment with greater capacity as well as smaller physical size as space in service provider facilities and central offices becomes more crowded. Service providers are also interested in monitoring voice quality throughout their network so they can rapidly address quality issues and guarantee Quality of Service to their subscribers.

The need to lower the cost of deploying and operating a mobile voice network is even greater in many international markets where carriers are expanding to reach low-income subscribers. The Radio Access Network, with a large portion of overall equipment and installation costs, dominates the cost of deployment in a mobile network. To lower costs, international carriers are utilizing various forms of voice compression to reduce radio bandwidth and infrastructure costs. Voice compression enables carriers to serve more subscribers with less bandwidth. The drawback of these compression technologies, however, is that they can degrade voice quality. Therefore, carriers are seeking solutions that enable them to utilize voice compression while still maintaining consistent voice quality.

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delivering excellent voice quality can be a reduction in churn, which is the measure of subscribers who cancel their service and move to another carrier.

The need to lower the cost of deploying and operating a mobile voice network is even greater in many international markets where carriers are expanding to reach low-income subscribers. The Radio Access Network, with nearly 70% of overall equipment and installation costs, dominates the cost of deployment in a mobile network. To lower costs, international carriers are utilizing various forms of voice compression to reduce radio bandwidth and infrastructure costs. Voice compression enables carriers to serve more subscribers with less bandwidth. The drawback of these compression technologies, however, is that they can degrade voice quality. Therefore, carriers are seeking solutions that enable them to utilize voice compression while still maintaining consistent voice quality.

Eliminating Hybrid and Acoustic Echo

It is important to understand the factors that affect voice quality in mobile calls. There are two types of echo in networks: Hybrid Echo and Acoustic Echo. Hybrid Echo is generated within a telecommunications network and results from signal reflection at the "hybrid," commonly the point where two wires of the local network meet the four wires of the long distance network. Echo becomes noticeable whenever the one-time delay of a rebounded voice signal exceeds 25 milliseconds. If the delay exceeds 32 milliseconds, the quality of the voice call begins to degrade creating an echo, which is reflected back to the person speaking and can become an annoyance during the call. When these echo problems are present, people describe the effect as their voices sounding hollow or like someone talking in a tunnel. Acoustic echo is caused by the sound generated on the speaker device of a telephone or mobile handset being reflected from surfaces such as walls, or being conducted by the device and then captured by the microphone on the same device. Acoustic echo behavior is more diverse since the resulting echo is driven by the specific physical characteristics of the room and the mechanical properties of the device.

Delays, either due to a long transmission path, as in a long distance telephone call, or due to the complex signal hand-off from one network to another, exacerbate the effect of echo. As the telecommunications network moves to adopt VoIP, additional delay will be added to the call transmission path. Therefore, carriers are looking for comprehensive, long-range solutions to eliminate echo from their networks.

Reducing Background Noise and Maintaining Consistent Voice Levels

To ensure delivery of consistent voice quality, service providers strive to eliminate background noise and inconsistent voice levels. Background noise is a particularly acute problem in mobile voice networks, where users are attempting to use their wireless handset in noisy environments, such as in an airport terminal, on a noisy street or in a crowded restaurant. Background noise also affects the performance of voice transmission in mobile networks that utilize voice compression, as the noise consumes valuable bandwidth. Inconsistent voice levels also degrade voice quality in mobile networks. Variations in voice levels occur when calls are routed between the networks of different service providers, particularly on international calls, resulting in the voice of the speaker often being too high or too low for comfortable listening.

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Our Mobile Voice Quality Solutions

We design, develop, and market stand-alone and system-based voice quality products for mobile networks throughout the world. Our products feature high-capacity, high-availability hardware systems coupled with a sophisticated array of voice optimization and measurement software to enhance the quality of voice communications.

The key technologies that we have developed and use in our voice processing solutions are:

Voice Quality Assurance ~~(VQA)~~. Our VQA technology integrates voice quality optimization features with some of the latest voice ~~processor~~ ~~technology~~processor totechnology to improve the quality of voice calls in all telecommunications networks, particularly mobile networks. VQA's general features include noise reduction, acoustic echo cancellation, voice level control, and enhanced listener intelligibility.

Experience Intelligence ~~(EXi)~~: Our EXi technology provides detailed visibility into voice quality impairments that enter a network. EXi enables a ~~service~~ service provider to better manage their overall quality levels by unobtrusively measuring voice quality based on industry standards.

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The key benefits of our voice processing solutions include:

Network capacity expansion. Our VQA technology enables mobile carriers to deploy lower-cost, bandwidth-saving compression technologies while still maintaining consistent voice quality. Our VQA technology also enables mobile carriers to deploy a capacity-saving technology called DTX ("Discontinuous Transmission"). Human conversations typically occupy a phone call 50% of the time for each person. Mobile networks use DTX to stop radio transmission during silent periods. Background noise renders the process of detecting these silent periods more difficult, thus reducing the effectiveness of DTX, increasing radio network traffic and usurping capacity. Our VQA technology detects and minimizes this background noise.

Codec Transcoding: The ability to run different voice compression schemes (codecs) within a network allows a provider to optimize the quality versus bandwidth tradeoff. We provide an extensive list of codecs that can be used in conjunction with both VQA and EXi on packet networks.

Time-to-market advantage. Our core technology uses intelligent software algorithms, which are a sophisticated process or set of rules for our software to address an array of voice quality problems, running on off-the-shelf electronic integrated circuits and digital signal processors. Competitive voice processing solutions using application-specific integrated circuits are more expensive to design, require more development time and are difficult to upgrade. Our approach leverages rapid technological advances in the commercial integrated circuit and digital signal processor industries, which in turn enables us to invest resources in the development of additional voice quality algorithms to support the growing needs of the telecommunication and networking marketplace. As a result, we believe that we are able to deliver high performance products to market with shorter product development cycles and lower investments in capital equipment than alternative solutions.

Lower total cost of ownership. Our compact system design allows us to offer voice processing products with some of the highest voice processing capacities currently available based on a seven-foot industry standard equipment rack located in service providers' central offices or remote facilities. This higher capacity represents cost and space savings for service providers. Our newer generation products also offer highly efficient cabling and network equipment installation, saving service providers even more space and installation costs. Our products are designed to allow service providers to remotely download and upgrade software via the Internet without interrupting network service or dispatching a technician to the remote site, which also lowers the cost of ownership.

Remote monitoring and service assurance. Our EXi technology allows remote monitoring of voice quality data in real-time. Service providers can use this technology to identify problems remotely and address them proactively. As a result, service providers can improve performance levels and monitor voice quality on a consistent basis.

Our Mobile Voice Quality Products

Our voice quality products are designed to solve voice quality issues, such as echo, background noise and inconsistent voice levels primarily in mobile networks. Our products also serve wireline and satellite networks. Our echo cancellation product family includes a mixture of both single and multi-port, stand-alone echo cancellers and several broadband, system-based products. Our voice processing platforms are designed to support a large variety of voice processing algorithms, such as the features in VQA and EXi. These products are the Quad Voice Processor ("QVP"), with four T1 or E1 interfaces, and the Broadband Voice Processor-Flex ("BVP-Flex") with high capacity any-to-any interfaces such as DS-3, STS-1, OC-3 and STM-1. Both platforms can be factory configured to support a wide range of digital signal processor, or DSP, computational levels and can be field upgraded to support the purchase of new software features. Revenue generated by sales of our mobile voice quality products accounted for 35%, 66% and 70% of total revenues in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

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address them proactively. As a result, service providers can improve performance levels and monitor voice quality on a consistent basis.

Our Mobile Voice Quality Products

Our voice quality products are designed to solve voice quality issues, such as echo, background noise and inconsistent voice levels primarily in mobile networks. Our products also serve wireline and satellite networks. Our echo cancellation product family includes a mixture of both single and multi-port, stand-alone echo cancellers and several broadband, system-based products. Our voice processing platforms are designed to support a large variety of voice processing algorithms, such as the features in VQA and EXi. These products are the Quad Voice Processor (QVP), with four T1 or E1 interfaces, and the Broadband Voice Processor-Flex (BVP-Flex) with high capacity any-to-any interfaces such as DS-3, STS-1, OC-3 and STM-1. Both platforms can be factory configured to support a wide range of digital signal processor, or DSP, computational levels and can be field upgraded to support the purchase of new software features. Revenue generated by sales of our mobile voice quality products comprised 66%, 70% and 88% of total revenues in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

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The following table summarizes our current mobile voice quality products.

Product	Description	Functionality

Broadband Voice Processor-Flex (BVP-Flex)	Broadband Voice Processor System with flexible resource cards that permit up to six times the computational power of the previous generation BVP platform with continued support for a wide range of interface support, targeted at both North American and international network operators	• Supports up to 2016 channels per system, • Three systems per shelf • Transmux capability for OC-3/STM1/DS-3/STS1 • Supports hybrid echo, full VQA features and EXi in a variety of hardware and software configurations
Quad II T1	Single module including four independent T1 echo cancellers supporting North American markets	• Hybrid Echo Cancellation and built-in voice enhancement technology • Cancels 480 T1 lines per rack
Quad II E1	Single module including four independent E1 echo cancellers supporting international markets and North American gateway applications	• Hybrid Echo Cancellation and built-in voice enhancement technology • Cancels 480 E1 lines per rack
Quad Voice Processor (QVP)—T1	Narrowband Voice Processor with four independent T1 voice processing modules that support both hybrid echo cancellation and the extensive suite of VQA software and EXi software	• High capability voice enhancement technology with industry leading algorithms for noise reduction, level control, acoustic echo control and noise compensation through enhanced voice intelligibility • Processes 480 T1 lines per rack
Quad Voice Processor (QVP)—E1	Narrowband Voice Processor with four independent E1 voice processing modules that support both hybrid echo cancellation and the extensive suite of VQA software and EXi software	• High capability voice enhancement technology with industry leading algorithms for noise reduction, level control, acoustic echo control and noise compensation through enhanced voice intelligibility • Processes 480 E1 lines per rack

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VoIP Market: Border Solutions and Services Market

Market Characteristics

There is a growing trend of wireline service providers transitioning away from traditional circuit-switched network infrastructure to VoIP. VoIP offers service providers' customers an increase in features and functionality while enabling the service providers to simplify network operations, reduce capital expenditures and increase service revenue.

Our primary focus in our VoIP business is the Mobile Voice Quality and Border Solutions and Services markets. The "border" is the demarcation between the local access network and the VoIP core transport network. Carriers are currently deploying key voice processing devices, such as session border controllers and media gateways, at the borders of their VoIP networks. These devices translate and process calls originating in circuit-based and packet-based access networks, and pass them into the core VoIP network for further processing and eventual service delivery to VoIP subscribers. We believe the VoIP border is a key location in the network to ensure voice quality and security.

VoIP Service Provider Challenges

Voice Quality

As carriers seek to move mainstream telephone subscribers to their new VoIP service, they must offer the same level of voice quality and service these subscribers have been accustomed to with their circuit-based service. "Toll-quality" service is the industry term for telephone service that always works and is always high quality. To provide toll-quality service, VoIP carriers must address a number of traditional voice challenges and additional challenges associated with transporting voice over a data network.

Traditional Voice Quality Challenges. To become a universal, mainstream service, VoIP must interconnect calls to the wireless and public switch networks ("PSTN") from which the majority of subscribers originate and receive phone calls. As VoIP calls are connected to wireless and PSTN networks, call quality can be degraded by the same voice quality issues that affect circuit-based calls; that is, echo, background noise, and inconsistent voice levels. In fact, VoIP adds more delay to the transmission path of a call and in many cases this delay increases the negative effects of these voice anomalies, especially echo.

Packet Loss, Packet Delay. In the VoIP network, voice is packetized and transported in a best-available routing method. Packets can be lost or delayed during VoIP routing resulting in degradation of call quality.

Voice compression. As VoIP becomes more widely deployed, carriers will be challenged to support different types of VoIP media streams, including compressed voice, or codec technologies. VoIP carriers, therefore, will seek a means to normalize or translate these codecs before they are transported into the core network.

End-to-end Service Delivery

As voice is packetized and transported within the "open," best-available routing world of VoIP, carriers must ensure calls can traverse network boundaries and barriers, including traditional data firewalls. End-to-end service delivery, therefore, becomes a significant challenge to establishing mainstream VoIP service.

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Our VoIP Solutions

We design, develop and market systems that ensure service providers can provide consistently clear, end-to-end VoIP communications to their customers throughout the world. Our products feature high-capacity, high-availability hardware systems coupled with a sophisticated array of voice enhancement and monitoring software to enhance the quality and delivery of voice communications. Our Packet Voice Processor began production shipments in first half of fiscal 2007 and we continue to develop features as we review and clarify customer requirements. PeerPoint, our session border controller product, is currently available.

The key currently or planned to be available benefits of our VoIP solutions include:

Toll-quality voice service. Our ~~Packet~~PVP ~~Voice Processor~~ system incorporates our VQA, EXi, and codec transcoding functionality. The VQA features on the ~~Packet Voice Processor~~ PVP improve voice quality in a call and offer noise reduction, enhanced voice intelligibility, voice level control and acoustic and hybrid echo cancellation capabilities, restoration of lost packets and less delay. The following voice quality enhancement features are currently available in the ~~Packet Voice Processor~~PVP:

•: Acoustic echo control. Addresses echo problems that are common in VoIP networks due to poor acoustic isolation between the speaker and the microphone of a user's device.
•: Adaptive noise cancellation. Provides a noise reduction algorithm that removes the noise components of a call.
•: Enhanced voice intelligibility. Improves the quality of speech that has been impaired due to encoding and decoding of voice calls using compressed VoIP codecs.
•: Automatic level control. Detects and adjusts for voice level imbalances caused by connections between different VoIP endpoint devices.
•: Intelligent packet restoration. Reconstructs missing packets within a VoIP packet stream using a predictive speech model.
•: Hybrid echo cancellation. The echo that occurs at the 2-wire to 4-wire conversion point in a PSTN network becomes even more noticeable when packet delay is added in an IP network. The PVP is designed to eliminate hybrid echo from end-to-end calls that traverse a PSTN hybrid network.

End-to-end connectivity. Our ~~Packet Voice Processor~~PVP, when deployed at the border between networks, supports a wide array of codecs from the customer's premise or network edge and normalizes incoming codec types before transmission to the IP backbone. This may also eliminate service providers' need to convert one compressed voice format to another (transcoding) at VoIP service points such as conferencing servers, media servers and voice portal servers, hence saving the service providers costs and allowing for easier deployment and integration of additional enhanced VoIP service platforms in the future. The ~~Packet~~PVP ~~Voice Processor~~ also provides a full suite of VQA technology features to ensure the delivery of consistently high voice quality in VoIP deployments.

Lower border network costs. Our ~~Packet~~PVP ~~Voice Processor~~ is purpose-built to support large-scale, high-capacity voice processing at the VoIP network Border. One equipment bay (7 foot) of our ~~Packet Voice Processor~~PVP, for example, supports up to 48,000 VoIP sessions, depending on feature configuration. Combined with its sophisticated array of voice enhancement and voice monitoring capabilities, deployment of the ~~Packet~~PVP ~~Voice Processor~~ represents a major capital and operating expense savings for VoIP carriers.

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Our VoIP Products

Because of the high expectations of their customers, VoIP service providers are working to provide a service level that is as good as, or better than, services offered over traditional circuit-switched networks. Leveraging our VQA technology, which addresses packet loss and jitter, we believe that our ~~newest~~ product platform, the ~~Packet~~ ~~Voice Processor~~PVP, addresses these voice quality issues. In fiscal 2012, 2011, ~~2010~~ and ~~2009~~ 2010, ~~approximately 15%, 25%, and 12% of our revenue, respectively, was generated from our VoIP products, principally our PVP product.~~

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approximately 36%, 15%, and 25% of our revenue, respectively, was generated from our VoIP products, principally our PVP product.

The success of a voice or video IP network largely depends on being able to make the right connections without having to redefine infrastructure or compromise security.

The following table summarizes our current mobile Voice-over-IP product and currently available features.

Product		Description		Functionality

Packet Voice Processor		The Packet Voice Processor delivers packet voice processing for an IP network, offering a comprehensive set of voice processing features that ensure consistent, clear voice quality while maximizing carrier service offerings. These features include codec transcoding for wireline and wireless networks, our VQA software suite, and an advanced voice quality monitoring capability. The carrier-grade system offers scalable VoIP processing with Gigabit Ethernet connectivity, targeted at both North American and international network operators		• up to 48,000 VoIP sessions per 7' rack • Any-to-many codec transcoding • Advanced voice quality enhancement • Sophisticated voice quality monitoring and packet quality assurance

Voice Services Market

Market Characteristics

Mobile phone penetration in the United States ~~has~~and ~~been~~several ~~estimated~~other tocountries ~~have surpassed 95% as of December 2010. Mobile phone penetration~~ has ~~already~~ been estimated to have ~~passed~~surpassed 100% ~~in several countries~~, due to many customers having multiple lines of service and multiple mobile communications devices. Thus, for mobile operators, a key path to revenue growth is to up-sell value added services as opposed to adding subscribers.

~~Studies~~Mobile ~~suggest that mobile~~ data services now contribute ansignificantly ~~additional 35%~~ to carriers' average revenue per user~~, up significantly from a few years earlier~~. A recent ~~Pew~~Nielsen ~~Internet Research~~ report estimated that smartphones, which allow users to more easily connect to web-based services, has reached a penetration level of 3550% in the United States. ~~These~~At ~~studies also show that at~~ the same time, carriers and mobile phone vendors are creating application stores, allowing users to purchase additional applications and services, with over ~~ten~~fifteen billion applications having been downloaded from Apple's iPhone store alone.

Based upon these data points, we believe that our voice applications initiative is a significant market opportunity. Our goal is to enable the use of speech in a number of mobile and enterprise applications.

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Our Voice Services Products

In 2009, ~~the~~we ~~first~~entered ~~quarter~~into ofan ~~calendar~~exclusive ~~2009~~distribution relationship with Simulscribe, wea ~~were~~provider inof voice-to-text ~~early~~transcription ~~stages~~services. As part of ~~delivering~~this arelationship ~~platform~~we ~~enabling~~obtained ~~on-demand,~~exclusive worldwide distribution rights to sell Simulscribe's voice-~~driven, "mid~~to-~~call~~text ~~accessible"~~services, ~~applications~~known ~~and~~as ~~services~~PhoneTag. Further to bethis, ~~delivered~~we tohave ~~customers~~developed ona ~~wireless~~working relationship with Simulscribe whereby we jointly develop and ~~wireline~~augment ~~voice~~the ~~networks~~PhoneTag offering to support additional languages and additional applications.

InFrom ana ~~effort~~language tosupport ~~supplement these internally developed products~~perspective, we ~~entered~~can ~~into~~offer anPhoneTag ~~exclusive~~services ~~distribution~~in ~~relationship~~the ~~with~~following ~~Simulscribe~~languages: English, aFrench, ~~provider~~Spanish, ~~of voice-to-text~~and ~~transcription services~~German. AsThese ~~part~~languages, offor ~~this~~the ~~relationship~~most wepart, ~~obtained~~are ~~exclusive~~available ~~worldwide distribution rights to sell Simulscribe's~~in ~~voice-to-text services~~automated, ~~known as PhoneTag. Further to this~~hybrid, weor ~~have~~full ~~developed~~human aservice ~~working~~levels. ~~relationship~~These ~~with~~varying ~~Simulscribe~~service ~~whereby~~levels weallow ~~jointly~~us ~~develop and augment the PhoneTag offering~~ to ~~support~~deliver ~~additional~~a ~~languages~~solution ~~and~~that ~~additional applications.~~

From a language support perspective, we can offer PhoneTag services in the following languages: English, French, Spanish, and German. These languages are available in automated, hybrid, or full human service levels. These service levels allow us to deliver a solution that meets a customer's accuracy and price point requirements. We continue to enhance the accuracy and quality of our existing language offering as well as to supporting additional language development. 8

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meets a customer's accuracy and price point requirements. We continue to enhance the accuracy and quality of our existing language offerings as well as support additional language development.

From an application support perspective, in addition to working with Simulscribe on these extensions, we also work to develop and extend relationships with third party application developers to create and sell additional applications that incorporate the PhoneTag technology. Today Ditech can offer the following applications to carriers for trial and commercial service:

•: Voicemail to email: Receive voicemail as an e-mail
•: Voice Notes: Record notes, action items, and reminders and receive them as e-mail
•: Dictate-an-SMS: Record audio which is sent as a text message to a mobile phone
•: Dictate-a-Tweet: Audio is transcribed and posted to an end user's Twitter account
•: Dictate-to-Facebook: Audio is transcribed and posted to an end user's Facebook account
•: Conference call transcription: Near real time transcription of audio conferences
•: Call annotation: Searches call recordings for key information elements (i.e. dates, times, places, numbers, etc.) that can be stored and searched

Ditech continues to enhance these applications as well as to extend the list of supported applications through internal research and development as well as through third-party application developers.

In fiscal 2012, 2011, ~~2010~~ and ~~2009~~ 2010, approximately 1929%, 519% and 05% of our revenue, respectively, was generated from our voice services offerings.

Customers

While we added new customers in fiscal 2012 ~~2011~~ and continued to do business with major North American long distance companies, the majority of our domestic revenue was generated from sales to existing customers AT&T, ~~and~~ Verizon Wireless, and Intercall. AT&T accounted for 2812% of our total worldwide revenue in fiscal ~~2011~~2012 compared to 30 28% in fiscal 2011 ~~2010~~ and 330% in ~~fiscal~~ ~~2009~~fiscal 2010. Verizon Wireless accounted for 13% of our total worldwide revenue in fiscal 2012 ~~2011~~ compared to 1613% in fiscal 2011 ~~2010~~ and 2216% in fiscal ~~2009~~ 2010. ~~We also had one other customer that accounted for over 10% of revenue,~~ Intercall, a VoIP-based conference call provider, ~~that~~ accounted for 1429% of our revenue in fiscal 2012, 14% of our revenue in fiscal 2011 and 13% of our revenue in fiscal 2010. All of our revenue is from external customers.

We market our products, both domestically and internationally; information by geographic region with respect to revenues from external customers and long-lived assets, is set forth in Note 11 of the Notes to ~~our~~ Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our measures of profit and loss are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements and this information is incorporated by reference here. Historically, the majority of our sales have been to customers in the U.S. These customers accounted for approximately 82%, 81% and 72% of our revenue in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Virtually all of our long-lived assets are located in the U.S. See "Item 1A—Risk Factors—We May Experience Unforeseen Problems As We Diversify Our International Customer Base, Which Would Impair Our Ability To Grow Our Business" for a discussion of risks associated with both domestic and international operations.

10 Backlog. Our backlog for voice processing products was approximately $1.3 million and $2.0 million as of the first business day of June 2012 and 2011, respectively. Our backlog consists of (1) orders confirmed with a purchase order for product from which we expect to recognize revenue within 120 days to customers with approved credit status, (2) shipments classified as deferred revenue, which we expect to recognize as revenue within 120 days, and (3) deferred maintenance revenue, which

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~~and~~we ~~this~~expect ~~information~~to isrecognize ~~incorporated~~within by120 days. ~~reference~~A ~~here.~~shipment ~~Historically,~~may ~~the~~be ~~majority~~classified as deferred revenue for a variety of ~~our~~reasons ~~sales~~including, ~~have~~but ~~been~~not limited to, ~~customers~~concerns inover ~~the~~collectiblity ~~U.S.~~or ~~These~~contractual ~~customers~~terms when ~~accounted~~installation ~~for~~is ~~approximately~~provided. ~~81%~~Backlog at June 1, ~~72%~~2012 and 2011, ~~46%~~excludes $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of ~~our~~orders for which shipment dates are undefined or ~~revenue~~which inextend ~~fiscal~~beyond ~~2011,~~120 days. ~~2010~~Because of the generally short cycle between order and ~~2009~~shipment, ~~respectively.~~and ~~Virtually~~occasional ~~all~~customer ofchanges ~~our~~in ~~long-lived~~delivery ~~assets~~schedules, ~~are~~we ~~located~~do innot ~~the~~believe ~~U.S.~~that ~~See~~our ~~"Item 1A—Risk~~backlog ~~Factors—We~~as ~~May~~of ~~Experience~~any ~~Unforeseen~~particular ~~Problems~~date Asis Wenecessarily ~~Diversify~~predictive ~~Our~~of ~~International~~actual ~~Customer~~net ~~Base~~sales for any future period. However, ~~Which~~when ~~Would~~backlog ~~Impair~~levels ~~Our~~entering ~~Ability~~a Tofiscal ~~Grow~~quarter ~~Our~~are ~~Business"~~low relative to the forecast revenue for athat ~~discussion~~quarter, ofit ~~risks~~places ~~associated~~greater ~~with~~reliance ~~both~~on ~~domestic~~generating ~~and international~~new ~~operations~~orders during that fiscal quarter to meet our revenue targets.

Backlog. Our backlog for voice processing products was approximately $2.0 million and $1.6 million as of the first business day of June 2011 and 2010, respectively. Our backlog consists of (1) orders confirmed with a purchase order for product from which we expect to recognize revenue within 120 days to customers with approved credit status, (2) shipments classified as deferred revenue, which we expect to recognize as revenue within 120 days, and (3) deferred maintenance revenue, which we expect to recognize within 120 days. A shipment may be classified as deferred revenue for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, concerns over collectiblity or contractual terms when installation is provided. Backlog at June 1, 2011 and 2010 excludes $1.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of orders for which shipment dates are undefined or which extend beyond 120 days. Because of the generally short cycle between order and shipment, and occasional customer changes in delivery schedules, we do not believe that our backlog as of any particular date is necessarily predictive of actual net sales for any future period. However, when backlog levels entering a fiscal quarter are low relative to the forecast revenue for that quarter, it places greater reliance on generating new orders during that fiscal quarter to meet our revenue targets.

Research and Development

Our engineers are dedicated to and focused on designing and developing voice processing products for both circuit-switched and VoIP networks, and voice services products to complement our current voice to text offering. Our research and development expenses for fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010 ~~and 2009~~ were approximately $7.72 million, $107.67 million and $1210.6 million, respectively. The decrease in spending in fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010 ~~and 2009~~ was largely due to ongoing cost reduction measures~~, including a reduction in force that was implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2009~~. These ongoing cost reduction measures resulted in a year over year reduction in payroll and stock-based compensation expense due to decreases in engineering headcount and ~~consulting~~increased utilization ~~expense~~of less costly offshore engineering resources primarily in India. Additionally, depreciation and amortization expense has decreased year ~~after~~over year as our equipment fully depreciates and is not replaced. Our research and development efforts are driven by market demand and customer feedback. We have created a structured process for undertaking all product development projects. Following an assessment of market demand, our research and development team develops a set of functional product specifications based on input from our product management, sales and post-sales organizations. This process is designed to provide a framework for defining and addressing the steps, tasks and activities required to bring product concepts and development projects to market. As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, we had 2624 employees in ~~Research~~research and ~~Development~~development and we believe that retaining those personnel and recruiting new personnel, as necessary, will be essential to our business.

See "Item 1A—Risk Factors" below for a discussion of risks related to timely specification and development of products for commercial viability.

Manufacturing

We ~~operate~~outsource asthe amajority ~~"virtual"~~of our manufacturing ~~organization~~of ~~by relying on contract manufacturers to assemble~~ our voice processing products. ~~The~~ One manufacturer currently produces the vast majority of our products ~~are~~on ~~currently~~an ~~manufactured~~as byneeded ~~one~~basis. ~~contract~~We ~~manufacturer~~generally ~~that~~do ~~manufactures~~not ~~our~~own the products ~~based~~or oncomponents ~~rolling~~until ~~forecasts~~they ~~provided~~are byshipped to us. ~~The~~In ~~rolling~~certain ~~forecasts~~circumstances, we ~~submit~~may be liable to our contract manufacturer ~~are~~for carrying ~~based~~inventory and obsolete material charges for excess components purchased on our ~~expectations~~behalf. ofWe ~~customer~~perform ~~demand~~final test, orconfiguration inand ~~the~~shipping ~~case~~functions offor ~~prototypes~~our orvoice ~~lab~~processing ~~equipment~~products. Our raw materials are procured from outside suppliers, ~~internal~~primarily ~~demand~~through our contract manufacturer. Several components used in our products are sole sourced. We ~~generally~~closely domonitor ~~not~~supplies ~~own~~of parts and supplier lead times in an attempt to mitigate the ~~products~~risk orof ~~components~~component ~~until they~~availability ~~are~~affecting ~~shipped~~our ability to usdeliver product to our customers. In ~~certain~~cases ~~circumstances,~~where we believe that a particular sole source component is too critical or expensive to replace and we believe that there may be ~~liable~~availability issues, we have, and may continue to, buy components in excess of our ~~contract~~immediate ~~manufacturer~~needs ~~for~~to ~~carrying~~help mitigate the risk of component shortages in the future. Our future success will depend in significant part on our ability to obtain components on time, at competitive prices, and ~~obsolete~~in ~~material~~sufficient ~~charges~~quantities ~~for~~to ~~excess~~meet demand. Although we believe that there are currently ample supplies of components, we have experienced part shortages in prior years, which had a direct impact on revenues and results of operations and we may experience shortages again in the future. See "Item 1A—Risk Factors" below for a discussion of risks related to manufacturing our products.

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purchased based on our forecasts. We perform final test, configuration and shipping functions for our voice processing products. Our raw materials are procured from outside suppliers, primarily through our contract manufacturer. Several components used in our products are sole sourced. We closely monitor supplies of parts and supplier lead times in an attempt to mitigate the risk of component availability affecting our ability to deliver product to our customers. In cases where we believe that a particular sole source component is too critical or expensive to replace and we believe that there may be availability issues, we have, and will continue to, buy components in excess of our immediate needs to help mitigate the risk of component shortages in the future. Our future success will depend in significant part on our ability to obtain components on time, at competitive prices, and in sufficient quantities to meet demand. Although we believe that there are currently ample supplies of components, we have experienced part shortages in prior years, which had a direct impact on revenues and results of operations and we may experience shortages again in the future. See "Item 1A—Risk Factors" below for a discussion of risks related to manufacturing our products.

We are ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 certified and we encourage our contract manufacturers and strategic partners to be ISO 9000:2008 registered. As part of our 14001-certified management system and our overall commitment to the environment, we have investigated the requirements set forth by the RoHS directive, which is a European directive that restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Based on some independent industry benchmarking, and guidance offered by the UK's Department of Trade and Industry, we have designed our product, telecommunication network infrastructure equipment, to comply under the lead-in-solder exemption, commonly known as "5 of 6" compliant with the RoHS directive. We have also completed our investigation in support of the China RoHS initiative and are compliant with this initiative as well. Effective January 1, 2006, we began shipping Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) compliant products as referenced in the WEEE directive (2002/96/EC). We will continue to monitor the evolution of RoHS directive (2002/EC/96), WEEE (2002/96/EC) and China's version of RoHS directives, as well as related industry activities and will take appropriate compliance action for those products that we sell into EU countries and territories.

Voice To Text Processing

To provide service for our voice to text business we have a combination of human transcription centers, and fully secured redundant automated services in the cloud and at a co-location facility. These centers are located through out the world.

Sales and Marketing

We primarily rely on our direct sales force to sell our voice processing products and our voice services products domestically, and on a combination of a direct sales force, value-added resellers, distributors and sales agents internationally. ~~We have continued to expand our network of value-added resellers, distributors, and sales agents that sell our products internationally, and continued to enhance our web site marketing.~~ Due to the weakened level of demand for our legacy voice processing products over the last ~~three~~four fiscal years, we executed ~~some~~ targeted reductions in spending indirected anprimarily ~~effort~~at toour ~~control~~voice ~~our~~processing ~~costs~~products ~~until~~in ~~such~~an ~~time~~effort asto control our ~~sales recover~~costs. The focus of spending has been todirected ~~increase~~at our ~~international~~voice ~~presence~~services ~~and~~products, tospecifically ~~promote~~for the ~~introduction~~development of ~~our~~the ~~new products~~sales ~~over~~team, ~~this~~and ~~period~~research ofand ~~time~~development efforts. See "Item 1A—Risk Factors" below for a discussion of risks related to effectively marketing and selling our products.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Our strategy is to increase new product development both through internal efforts and, when potential acquisitions provide us with a critical new product and/or a decided time-to-market advantage, through acquisitions. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, which are more fully discussed in "Item 1A—Risk Factors—Acquisitions and Investments May Adversely Affect Our Business."

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Competition

The markets for our products and services are intensely competitive, continually evolving and subject to rapid technological change. We believe that rapid product introductions with price performance advantages are critical competitive factors. We believe our products also face competition in the following areas:

•: Product features and enhancements (including improvements in product performance, reliability, size, compatibility and scalability);
•: Cost of ownership (including ease-of-installation and cost of maintenance);
•: Ease of product deployment and installation;
•: Technical support and service;
•: Complete system integration and turnkey network delivery;
•: Financing;
•: Credibility to deliver large scale solutions;
•: Incumbent network deployments; and
•: Handset based voice processing.

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Although we believe that we currently compete favorably with respect to all of these factors, we may not have the financial resources, technical expertise or marketing, manufacturing, distribution and support capabilities to compete successfully in the future. We expect that competition will increase in the future.

Our principal competitors for stand-alone echo and voice quality products in circuit-switched networks are Dialogic Communications ~~(formerly NMS Communications Corporation)~~ and Tellabs. However, the primary competition in the voice processing market comes from voice switch manufacturers, of which there are several companies competing in this space, the more formidable of which are Nortel, Alcatel-Lucent, Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens-Nokia, Huawei and ZTE. These switch manufacturers do not independently sell echo cancellation products or compete in the open echo cancellation market; however, they integrate echo cancellation functionality within their switch product offerings, either as hardware modules or as software running on chips. A widespread adoption of internal echo cancellation solutions could present a competitive threat to us by eliminating demand for our echo cancellation system products.

Our principal competitors in the VoIP space include Sonus Networks, Nortel, Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Siemens-Nokia, Audiocodes, Acme Packet, Juniper (Kagoor) and many mid-sized companies and other startups that offer session border controller products. Large OEMs that offer media gateway products such as Nortel, Alcatel-Lucent and Cisco are also potential competitors as our packet products are deployed in networks where equipment from these suppliers is already in the network and where we may affect the long-term incremental deployment of their products.

Competitors in the voice services space include AT&T, Microsoft, Google, ~~Yap~~Yahoo and Nuance Communications, Inc. ~~We believe that the voice services market is a nascent market, and as such, there do not appear to be any other players that would have a large overlap with the products that we are developing.~~ Independent software vendors such as Nuance Communications and ~~Comverse~~ Comverse Technology as well as other technology startups could potentially develop ~~overlapping~~competing applications in the future. It is also possible that communications equipment vendors such as Radisys Corporation and similar media server vendors could develop products similar to our mStage platform. A subset of the services enabled by mStage has historically been successfully demonstrated and delivered, and received strong acclaim in the market, but was hobbled by very high cost and highly limited by prior available technologies

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(e.g., the Wildfire system). We believe that our innovation is designed to permit the equivalent, and more advanced, open functionality to be delivered to customers at a very low relative cost.

Many of our competitors and potential competitors have substantially greater name recognition and technical, financial, marketing, purchasing and other resources than we do. As a result, these competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or standards and to changes in customer requirements, devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of products, or deliver competitive products at a lower price. We may not be able to compete successfully against our current or future competitors. See "Item 1A—Risk Factors" below for a discussion of risks related to resources needed to compete globally.

Patents and Intellectual Property Rights

Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely primarily on nondisclosure agreements as well as copyright, trademark, trade secret laws, and other methods to protect our proprietary voice processing technologies and processes. However, where it is applicable and when we deem it appropriate, we have sought and may seek patent protection for technologies or inventions we develop~~, including but not limited to the pending domestic and international patent applications related to our VoIP and mStage products~~. Nevertheless, these measures may not be adequate to safeguard the proprietary technology underlying our voice quality products.

In fiscal 2010, we entered into a reseller agreement with Simulscribe under which we obtained the right to use and resell Simulscribe's technology around voice transcription. The reseller agreement will continue indefinitely unless terminated by Simulscribe or Ditech under specified conditions, such as material breach of the agreement.

We generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and strategic partners, and generally control access to and distribution of our documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology without authorization or develop similar technology independently. In addition, effective patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited outside of the U.S., Europe and Japan. We may not be able to obtain any meaningful intellectual property protection in these countries and territories. Additionally, we may, for a variety of reasons, decide not to file for patent, copyright, or trademark protection outside of the U.S. Further, we occasionally incorporate the intellectual property of our customers into our designs, and we have obligations with respect to the non-use and non-disclosure of this intellectual property. However, the steps taken by us to prevent misappropriation or infringement of the intellectual property of our company or our customers may not be successful. Moreover, litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights of others, including our customers. Litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The telecommunications equipment industry is characterized by vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights. In the future, we may receive notices of claims of infringement of other parties' proprietary rights. We may not prevail in actions alleging infringement of third-party patents. In addition, in a patent or trade secret action, an injunction could issue against us, requiring that we withdraw certain products from the market or necessitating that certain products offered for sale or under development be redesigned. We have also entered into certain indemnification obligations in favor of our customers and strategic partners that could be triggered upon an allegation or finding of our infringement of other parties' proprietary rights. Irrespective of the validity or successful assertion of these claims, we would likely incur significant costs and diversion of our resources with respect to 12

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of the U.S., Europe and Japan. We may not be able to obtain any meaningful intellectual property protection in these countries and territories. Additionally, we may, for a variety of reasons, decide ~~defense~~not to file for patent, copyright, or trademark protection outside of ~~these~~the ~~claims~~U.S. Further, ~~which~~we ~~could~~occasionally ~~also~~incorporate ~~have~~the aintellectual ~~material~~property ~~adverse~~of ~~effect~~our oncustomers into our ~~business~~designs, ~~financial~~and ~~condition~~we have obligations with respect to the non-use and ~~results~~non-disclosure of ~~operations~~this intellectual property. ToHowever, ~~address~~the ~~any~~steps ~~potential~~taken ~~claims~~by us to prevent misappropriation or ~~actions~~infringement ~~asserted~~of ~~against~~the intellectual ~~us,~~property weof our company or our customers may ~~seek~~not tobe ~~obtain~~successful. aMoreover, ~~license~~litigation ~~under~~may abe ~~third~~necessary ~~party's~~in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights., ~~Under~~to ~~these~~protect ~~circumstances~~our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights of others, aincluding ~~license~~our ~~may~~customers. ~~not~~Litigation becould ~~available~~result onin ~~commercially~~substantial ~~reasonable~~costs ~~terms~~and diversion of our resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, iffinancial atcondition ~~all~~and results of operations.

A few industry participants, such as Alcatel-Lucent, Nortel Networks and certain major universities and research laboratories hold substantial inventories of intellectual property. This concentration of intellectual property in the hands of a few major entities also poses certain risks to us in seeking to hire qualified personnel. We have on a few occasions recruited personnel from these entities. These entities or others may claim the misappropriation or infringement of their intellectual property, particularly when and if employees of these entities leave to work for us. We may not be able to avoid litigation in the future, particularly if new employees join us after having worked for a competing company. Litigation could be very expensive to defend, regardless of the merits of the claims, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Employees

As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, we had 7363 employees, 16 12 of whom were primarily engaged in operations, 26 24 in research and development, 19 17 in sales, marketing and technical support and 1210 in finance and administration. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have not experienced a work stoppage. We believe our employee relations are good.

Available Information

You may obtain a free copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports, which we make available as soon as reasonably practicable after our filing or furnishing of these reports with or to the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), through our website at www.ditechnetworks.com. Our website address is provided solely for informational purposes. We do not intend, by this reference, that our website should be deemed to be part of this Annual Report. The reports filed with the SEC are also available at www.sec.gov.

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Item 1A—Risk Factors

Our business and the value of our stock are subject to a number of risks, which are set out below. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely affected, which would likely have a corresponding impact on the value of our common stock. Furthermore, the risks set forth below may cause actual results to be different than those projected in the forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-K. These risk factors should be carefully reviewed.

WE DEPEND ON A LIMITED NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS, THE LOSS OF ANY ONE OF WHICH COULD CAUSE OUR REVENUE TO DECREASE.

~~Our~~Historically, ~~revenue~~the ~~historically~~majority of our revenue has come from a small number of customers purchasing our products and services. Our five largest customers accounted for approximately 6763% of our revenue in fiscal ~~2011~~2012 and 7567% and 6075% of our revenue in fiscal ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, respectively. Our largest customer in fiscal ~~2011~~2012 accounted for approximately 2829% of our revenue, as compared to our largest customers in fiscal ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, which accounted for 3028% and 2230% of our revenue, respectively. A customer may stop buying our products or significantly reduce its orders for our products for a number of reasons, including the acquisition of a customer by another company, a delay in a scheduled product introduction, completion of a network expansion or upgrade, or a change in technology or network architecture. If this happens, our revenue could be greatly reduced, which would materially and adversely affect our business, including but not limited to exposing us to excess inventory levels due to declines in anticipated sales levels.

~~MERGER ACTIVITY AND~~ DELAYS IN TRANSITIONS IN OUR CUSTOMERS' TECHNOLOGIES OR INFRASTRUCTURES MAY CAUSE DELAYS OR IMPEDIMENTS TO PURCHASING OUR PRODUCTS.

~~Since~~We ~~the beginning of calendar year 2004, North American telecommunication service providers~~ have been involved in a series of merger and acquisition activities and some affected telecommunication service providers are still assessing their network technology and deployment plans. In any merger, product purchases for network deployment may be reviewed, postponed or canceled based on revised plans for technology or network expansion for the merged entity. More recently, we have also experienced changes in buying patterns due to carrier transitions from their legacy TDM/networks to VoIP networks and the impact of the world-wide economic and credit crisis. These ~~more recent~~ factors have directly impacted the timing and magnitude of carriers' buying patterns, as they are closely watching their capital spending and are looking to minimize their investments in their legacy network configurations but have been slow to deploy large scale VoIP networks. Until carrier transition strategies from legacy TDM/networks to newer 3G and 4G networks get clarified and the economic and credit markets return to a more normal state, our revenue could be more volatile due to timing issues around large customer purchases.

~~RECENT~~THE WORLDWIDE MARKET TURMOIL MAY CONTINUE TO ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR CUSTOMERS WHICH DIRECTLY IMPACTS OUR BUSINESS AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Our operations and performance depend on our customers having adequate resources to purchase our products and services. The unprecedented turmoil in the global markets and the global economic downturn generally continues to adversely impact our customers and potential customers. These market and economic conditions ~~have continued to deteriorate despite government intervention globally, and~~ may remain volatile and uncertain for the foreseeable future. Customers have altered and may continue to alter their purchasing and payment activities in response to deterioration in their businesses, lack of credit, economic uncertainty and concern about the stability of markets in general, and these customers may reduce, delay or terminate purchases of, and payment for, our products and services. If we are unable to adequately respond to changes in demand resulting from deteriorating market and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.

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unable to adequately respond to changes in demand resulting from deteriorating market and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.

IN PERIODS OF WORSENING ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, OUR EXPOSURE TO CREDIT RISK AND PAYMENT DELINQUENCIES ON OUR ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES.

A substantial majority of our outstanding accounts receivables are not secured. In addition, our standard terms and conditions permit payment within a specified number of days following the receipt of our product. While we have procedures to monitor and limit exposure to credit risk on our receivables, there can be no assurance such procedures will effectively limit our credit risk and avoid losses. As economic conditions deteriorate, certain of our customers have faced and may face liquidity concerns and have delayed and may delay or may be unable to satisfy their payment obligations, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. This exposure to credit risk is enhanced by our customer concentration; for example, 5846% of our accounts receivable balance at April 30, ~~2011~~2012, was from ~~two~~one ~~customers~~customer.

OUR CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND OUR SHORT AND LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS COULD BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED IF THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN WHICH WE HOLD THESE FUNDS FAIL.

We maintain the cash and cash equivalents and our short and long-term investments with reputable major financial institutions. Deposits with these banks exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limits. While we monitor daily the cash balances in the operating accounts and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if one or more of the financial institutions with which we deposit fails or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets. To date we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our invested cash or cash equivalents (other than our asset backed preferred equity securities that were converted from auction rate securities which ~~were~~are classified as long-term investments); however, we can provide no assurance that access to our invested balances will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial and credit markets.

DESPITE OUR ENTRANCE INTO THE VOICE SERVICES MARKET, IN THE NEAR TERM WE CONTINUE TO ~~REMAIN~~HAVE ~~RELIANT~~SIGNIFICANT ~~PRIMARILY~~RELIANCE ON OUR VOICE QUALITY BUSINESS TO GENERATE REVENUE GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY, WHICH COULD LIMIT OUR RATE OF FUTURE REVENUE GROWTH.

We expect that, atthe ~~least~~design, ~~through~~development ~~fiscal~~and ~~2012,~~marketing ~~our~~of ~~primary~~voice ~~business~~processing products will becontinue ~~the~~to ~~design,~~be ~~development~~a ~~and~~significant ~~marketing~~part of ~~voice processing~~our ~~products~~business. However, the relatively small size of the overall echo cancellation portion of the voice market, which is where we have derived the majority of our revenue to date, limits the rate of growth of this portion of our business. In addition, certain telecommunication service providers may utilize different technologies, such as VoIP, which would further limit demand for the products we have sold in the last few fiscal years, which are deployed in mobile and wireline networks. Our ~~Packet Voice Processor (~~PVP), targeted at the VoIP market, generated 2515% of total revenue in fiscal ~~2010~~2011, and 15 36% of total revenue in fiscal ~~2011~~2012. Sales of our PVP product have been volatile from quarter to quarter. As such, there is no guarantee that we will continue to be successful in selling the PVP in volume into those VoIP networks.

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IF INDIA MOVES FORWARD WITH ITS PROPOSED RULE CHANGES RELATED TO THE IMPORT OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED PRODUCTS INTO INDIA, WE COULD EXPERIENCE A PROLONGED LOSS OF BUSINESS FROM THAT IMPORTANT REGION AND/OR SUBJECT OURSELVES TO INCREASED RISK RELATED TO LOSS OF OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.

India recently announced its intent to require all companies that are selling technology-based products into India to provide access to their source code, to facilitate India's evaluation of whether that source code is a risk for disseminating computer-based viruses. As a result of this potential change, we delayed closure of certain potential sales transactions that we had anticipated might close in the first quarter of fiscal 2011 to allow us adequate time to determine if our products are covered by these potential rule changes, and if so, to determine how best to protect our intellectual property. The situation remains unclear as to whether there will be permanent relief from these new provisions. It appears that elements of our embedded technology may be at risk under the rules as currently written. As such, we have to weigh the benefits of continuing to do business in this region with the benefits of ongoing protection of our intellectual property, the loss of either of which could have long-term adverse impacts on our revenue.

IF WE DO NOT SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP AND INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS, OUR PRODUCTS MAY BECOME OBSOLETE WHICH COULD CAUSE OUR SALES TO DECLINE.

We operate in an industry that experiences rapid technological change, and if we do not successfully develop and introduce new products and our existing products become obsolete, our revenues will decline. Even if we are successful in developing new products, we may not be able to successfully produce or market our new products in commercial quantities, or increase our overall sales levels. These risks are of particular concern when a new generation product is introduced. If our new products do not receive substantial commercial acceptance, the ability to grow our business will be adversely impacted. In addition, although we have experienced substantial revenue from our VQA products over the last few fiscal years, there is no guarantee that our VQA products will continue to meet the expectations of new potential customers or that customers will continue to invest heavily in traditional TDM/wireline network infrastructure. As such, the timing of our realization of any additional revenues from the VQA platforms could be delayed or not materialize at all.

We must devote a substantial amount of resources in order to develop and achieve commercial acceptance of our new products, most recently our mStage and PhoneTag products. Our new and/or existing products may not be able to address evolving demands in the telecommunications market in a timely or effective way. Even if they do, customers in these markets may purchase or otherwise implement competing products. 15

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adversely impacted. In addition, our revenues from our legacy VQA products, which have continued to generate the majority of our revenues through fiscal 2012, have declined substantially over the past four years, and there is no guarantee that our VQA products will continue to meet the expectations of new potential customers or that customers will continue to invest heavily in traditional TDM/wireline network infrastructure. As such, the timing of our realization of any additional revenues from the VQA platforms could diminish or not materialize at all.

We must devote a substantial amount of resources in order to develop and achieve commercial acceptance of our new products, most recently our PhoneTag products. Our new and/or existing products may not be able to address evolving demands in the telecommunications market in a timely or effective way. Even if they do, customers in these markets may purchase or otherwise implement competing products.

AS WE MODIFY OUR CORE ALGORITHMS FOR USE IN OTHER ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, THERE IS NO GUARANTEE THAT WE WILL BE SUCCESSFUL IN CAPTURING MARKET SHARE OR THAT IT WILL NOT ADVERSELY IMPACT THE SALE OF OUR EXISTING PRODUCTS.

We are working with equipment providers for other elements of communications networks, in an effort to license our voice algorithms for use in their devices. Although we believe that porting our algorithms to these new devices will not be a material undertaking, there is no guarantee that we will be successful in the porting efforts or that we will gain market acceptance. In addition, as the barriers to entry related to technology embedded in communication network devices are low, there is no guarantee that our competitors, who may have more resources and/or market presence, will not enhance their offerings to compete directly with our technology. Further, there is no guarantee that if and when our algorithms become adopted in other portions of the communications network that they will not reduce the demand for our existing voice processing platforms, which could adversely impact our revenues and increase the risk for excess or obsolete inventory in our existing platforms.

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OUR TRANSCRIPTION CUSTOMERS RELY ON OUR PROVIDING A SECURE PRODUCT THAT PROVIDES REASONABLE ASSURANCE OF CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT OF THEIR TRANSCRIBED MESSAGES.

Providing a secure transcription product that provides reasonable assurance of maintaining customer confidentiality is critical to the success of our distribution of transcription services and ultimately our overall voice services product offering. Although we believe that the procedures and systems we have put in place provide for a secure environment, there is no guarantee that these efforts will continue to provide the same level of security given the constantly changing nature of technology. Any failure to maintain a secure environment, including a perception of not maintaining a secure environment for transcription services, could adversely impact customer adoption and use of our transcription services and therefore our growth opportunities.

VOICE SERVICE PRODUCTS MAY NOT ACHIEVE WIDESPREAD MARKET ACCEPTANCE, OR BE SOLD AT PROFITABLE PRICE POINTS, WHICH COULD LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO GROW OUR VOICE SERVICES BUSINESS.

We have invested, through both internal development effort and our exclusive distribution agreement with Simulscribe, in the burgeoning voice services market. We believe that this market will provide a key ~~to the~~ growth opportunity for telecommunication carriers and therefore providers of voice service products. However, the market ~~for~~ for speech technologies is relatively new and rapidly evolving. Our ability to grow and diversify our revenue depends in large measure on the acceptance of our voice services products and the ability to sell them at profitable price points. In the event that our customers do not embrace voice services as a viable source of revenue growth or they adopt the technology more slowly than we anticipate, ~~it could adversely impact our ability to grow our~~or ~~revenues~~they ~~and~~are ~~we may~~ not bewilling ~~able~~ to ~~recover~~purchase ~~the~~them ~~costs~~at ~~associated~~prices ~~with~~providing ~~our investment in our voice business, including~~ the ~~costs~~company ~~invested in our distribution relationship with Simulscribe.~~

SIMULSCRIBE'S VOICE-TO-TEXT BUSINESS, FOR WHICH WE BECAME THE SOLE WORLD-WIDE DISTRIBUTOR, HAS HISTORICALLY BEEN A LOW MARGIN BUSINESS. IF WE CAN NOT IMPROVE THE COST MODEL, WHILE WE IMPROVE THE VOLUME OF REVENUE GENERATED FROM THIS BUSINESS, IT COULD DETERIORATE OUR OVERALL MAGRINS AS IT BECOMES A LARGER PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE. 16

While we are focused on growing our customer base in the voice-to-text market, we have also been focusing on implementing cost reduction efforts to improve on the historically low margins that Simulscribe had experienced. As such, we are renegotiating service provider agreements, and other aspects of the cost structure of the voice-to-text business, in an attempt to improve margins. In the event that we are unsuccessful in executing on our cost reduction efforts, although we might experience growth in our gross profit due to increased revenue, we might experience a decline in our gross margin, as the voice-to-text revenue becomes a larger percentage of overall revenue.

WE ACT AS THE SOLE DISTRIBUTOR OF SIMULSCRIBE TRANSCRIPTION SERVICES, AND THE MAJORITY OF THE TRANSCRIPTION CUSTOMER AGREEMENTS HAVE PERFORMANCE LEVEL REQUIREMENTS WHICH INCLUDE PENALTY CLAUSES FOR FAILURE TO MEET THOSE PERFORMANCE LEVELS.

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~~for~~with ~~failure~~a toprofit, ~~meet~~it ~~these~~could ~~service~~adversely ~~level~~impact ~~commitments.~~our ~~However,~~ability ifto wegrow or our ~~third~~revenues ~~party~~and ~~manual~~we ~~transcription~~may ~~providers~~not ~~fail~~be able to ~~meet~~recover the ~~service~~costs ~~level~~associated ~~requirements,~~with ~~it could not only adversely impact~~ our ~~transcription~~investment ~~service~~in ~~revenue but could also adversely impact~~ our ~~other~~ voice ~~services product revenues~~business, ~~should~~including ~~voice~~the ~~services~~costs ~~customers lose confidence~~ invested in our ~~overall~~distribution ~~service~~relationship ~~offering~~with Simulscribe.

SIMULSCRIBE'S VOICE-TO-TEXT BUSINESS, FOR WHICH WE BECAME THE SOLE WORLD-WIDE DISTRIBUTOR, HAS HISTORICALLY BEEN A LOW MARGIN BUSINESS. IF WE CAN NOT IMPROVE THE COST MODEL, WHILE WE IMPROVE THE VOLUME OF REVENUE GENERATED FROM THIS BUSINESS, IT COULD CONTINUE TO DETERIORATE OUR OVERALL MARGINS AS IT BECOMES A LARGER PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE.

While we are focused on growing our customer base in the voice-to-text market, we have also been focusing on implementing cost reduction efforts to improve on the historically low margins that the business has experienced. In the event that we are unsuccessful in executing on our cost reduction efforts, although we might experience growth in our gross profit due to increased revenue, we might experience a decline in our gross margin, as the voice-to-text revenue becomes a larger percentage of overall revenue.

We have an exclusive world-wide distribution agreement with Simulscribe to sell their transcription services to customers (including but not limited to wireline and wireless carriers, and voice mail service providers). As part of our agreement with Simulscribe, we have assumed management responsibility of the third party manual transcription centers. The vast majority of our customer agreements for transcription services include service level requirements, which provide for penalties should the contract service levels not be maintained. We believe we have put in adequate redundancy features to mitigate the risks of failing to meet our service level obligations and have not experienced any significant penalties to date for failure to meet these service level commitments. However, if we or our third party manual transcription providers fail to meet the service level requirements, it could not only adversely impact our transcription service revenue but could also adversely impact our other voice services product revenues, should voice services customers lose confidence in our overall service offering.

MANY OF OUR OPERATING EXPENSES ARE RELATIVELY FIXED AND, AS A RESULT, CHANGES IN OUR REVENUES SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTS OUR OPERATING RESULTS, WHICH HAS CAUSED OUR OPERATING RESULTS TO HAVE FLUCTUATED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE PAST, AND WE ANTICIPATE THAT THEY MAY CONTINUE TO DO SO IN THE FUTURE, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR STOCK PRICE.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past and may fluctuate in the future as a result of several factors, some of which are outside of our control. If revenue significantly declines, as we experienced over the last few years, our operating results will be adversely affected because many of our expenses are relatively fixed. In particular, sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses do not change significantly with variations in revenue in a quarter. Adverse changes in our operating results could adversely affect our stock price. For example, we have experienced delays in customers finalizing contracts and/or issuing purchase orders, which have resulted in revenues slipping out of the quarter in which we had expected to recognize them. This resulted in revenue shortfalls from investor expectations during several quarters over the last few years and ultimately resulted in us experiencing declines in our stock price following the announcement of these revenue shortfalls.

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OUR REVENUE MAY VARY FROM PERIOD TO PERIOD.

Factors that could cause our revenue to fluctuate from period to period include:

•: changes in capital spending in the telecommunications industry and larger macroeconomic trends, including but not limited to the impacts of the world-wide economic crisis;
•: the timing or cancellation of orders from, or shipments to, existing and new customers;
•: the loss of, or a significant decline in orders from, a customer;
•: delays outside of our control in obtaining necessary components from our suppliers;
•: delays outside of our control in the installation of products for our customers;
•: the timing of new product and service introductions by us, our customers, our partners or our competitors;
•: delays in timing of revenue recognition, due to new contractual terms with customers;
•: competitive pricing pressures;
•: variations in the mix of products offered by us; and
•: variations in our sales or distribution channels.

Sales of our products typically come from our major customers ordering large quantities when they deploy a switching center. Consequently, we may get one or more large orders in one quarter from a customer and then no orders in the next quarter. As a result, our revenue may vary significantly from quarter to quarter.

Our customers may delay or rescind orders for our existing products in anticipation of the release of our or our competitors' new products, due to merger and acquisition activity or if they are unable to secure sufficient credit to enable their purchases. Further, if our or our competitors' new products substantially replace the functionality of our existing products, our existing products may become obsolete, which could result in inventory write-downs, and/or we could be forced to sell them at reduced prices or even at a loss.

20 In addition, the sales cycle for our products is typically lengthy. Before ordering our products, our customers perform significant technical evaluations, which typically last 90 days or more for our base echo cancellation systems and 180 days or more for our VQA and PVP product offerings. Our newer voice services product offerings are also subject to free evaluation periods of up to 60 days to allow potential customers a chance to trial the product to determine if it meets their needs. Once an order is placed, delivery times can vary depending on the product ordered and the timing of installations or product acceptance may be delayed by our customers. As a result, revenue forecasted for a specific customer for a particular quarter may not occur in that quarter. Further, in a fiscal quarter for which we enter the quarter with a small backlog relative to our revenue target, we are at heightened risk for the factors noted above as we are more dependent on the generation of new orders within the quarter to meet the revenue targets. Because of the potentially large size of our customers' orders, this would adversely affect our revenue for the quarter.

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obsolete, which could result in inventory write-downs, and/or we could be forced to sell them at reduced prices or even at a loss.

In addition, the sales cycle for our products is typically lengthy. Before ordering our products, our customers perform significant technical evaluations, which typically last up to 90 days or more for our base echo cancellation systems and up to 180 days or more for our VQA and PVP product offerings. Our newer voice services product offerings are also subject to free evaluation periods of up to 60 days to allow potential customers a chance to trial the product to determine if it meets their needs. Once an order is placed, delivery times can vary depending on the product ordered and the timing of installations or product acceptance may be delayed by our customers. As a result, revenue forecasted for a specific customer for a particular quarter may not occur in that quarter. Further, in a fiscal quarter for which we enter the quarter with a small backlog relative to our revenue target, we are at heightened risk for the factors noted above as we are more dependent on the generation of new orders within the quarter to meet the revenue targets. Because of the potentially large size of our customers' orders, this would adversely affect our revenue for the quarter.

OUR EXPENSES MAY VARY FROM PERIOD TO PERIOD.

Although many of our expenses do not vary materially with changes in our revenue levels, factors that could cause our expenses to fluctuate from period to period include:

If we incur these additional expenses in a quarter in which we do not experience increased revenue, our operating results would be adversely affected.

WITHIN OUR VOICE SERVICES BUSINESS OUR COMPETITORS OR POTENTIAL COMPETITORS INCLUDE COMPANIES SIGNIFICANTLY LARGER THAN US.

Our competitors include AT&T, Microsoft, and Google. These companies have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. These competitors are likely to be able to respond more rapidly than we can to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements. They may also devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do.

WE OPERATE IN AN INDUSTRY EXPERIENCING RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, WHICH MAY MAKE OUR PRODUCTS OBSOLETE.

Our future success will depend on our ability to develop, introduce and market enhancements to our existing products and to introduce new products in a timely manner to meet our customers' requirements. The markets we target are characterized by:

•: rapid technological developments;
•: frequent enhancements to existing products and new product introductions;

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•: changes in end user requirements; and
•: evolving industry standards.

WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO RESPOND QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY TO RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN OUR INDUSTRY.

The emerging nature of these products and their rapid evolution will require us to continually improve the performance, features and reliability of our products, particularly in response to competitive product offerings. We may not be able to respond quickly and effectively to these developments. The introduction or market acceptance of products incorporating superior technologies or the emergence of alternative technologies and new industry standards could render our existing products, as well as our products currently under development, obsolete and unmarketable. In addition, we may have only a limited amount of time to penetrate certain markets, and we may not be successful in achieving widespread acceptance of our products before competitors offer products and services similar or superior to our products. We may fail to anticipate or respond on a cost-effective and timely basis to technological developments, changes in industry standards or end user requirements. We may also experience significant delays in product development or introduction. In addition, we may fail to release new products or to upgrade or enhance existing products on a timely basis.

WE MAY NEED TO MODIFY OUR PRODUCTS AS A RESULT OF CHANGES IN INDUSTRY STANDARDS.

The emergence of new industry standards, whether through adoption by official standards committees or widespread use by service providers, could require us to redesign our products. If these standards become widespread, and our products are not in compliance with these standards, our current and potential customers may not purchase our products. The rapid development of new standards increases the risk that our competitors could develop and introduce new products or enhancements directed at new industry standards before us.

ACQUISITIONS AND INVESTMENTS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS.

From time to time, we review acquisition and investment prospects that would complement our existing product offerings, augment our market coverage, secure supplies of critical materials or enhance our technological capabilities. Acquisitions or investments could result in a number of financial consequences, including:

Furthermore, acquisitions involve numerous operational risks, including:

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WE ANTICIPATE THAT AVERAGE SELLING PRICES FOR OUR PRODUCTS WILL DECLINE IN THE FUTURE, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR ABILITY TO BE PROFITABLE.

We expect that the price we can charge our customers for our products will decline as new technologies become available, as we expand the distribution of products through value-added resellers and distributors internationally and as competitors lower prices either as a result of reduced manufacturing costs or a strategy of cutting margins to achieve or maintain market share. If this occurs, our operating results will be adversely affected. ~~We expect price reductions to be more pronounced due to our planned expansion internationally.~~ While we intend to reduce our ~~manufacturing~~cost ~~costs~~of revenue in an attempt to maintain our margins ~~and to introduce enhanced products with higher selling prices~~, we may not execute these programs on schedule. In addition, our competitors may drive down prices faster or lower than our planned cost reduction programs. Even if we can reduce our ~~manufacturing~~cost ~~costs~~of revenue, many of our operating costs will not decline immediately if revenue decreases due to price competition.

In order to respond to increasing competition and our anticipation that average-selling prices will decrease, we are attempting to reduce ~~manufacturing~~the ~~costs~~cost of revenue of our new and existing products. If we do not reduce ~~manufacturing~~the ~~costs~~cost of revenue and average selling prices decrease, our operating results will be adversely affected.

WE USE PRIMARILY ONE CONTRACT MANUFACTURER TO MANUFACTURE OUR PRODUCTS, AND IF WE LOSE THE SERVICES OF THIS MANUFACTURER THEN WE COULD EXPERIENCE INCREASED MANUFACTURING COSTS AND PRODUCTION DELAYS.

We currently outsource manufacturing primarily to one contract manufacturer. We believe that our current contract manufacturing relationship provides us with competitive manufacturing costs for our products. In the latter half of fiscal 2010, we shifted the production from the contract manufacturer that had built the majority of our product over the last several years to a contract manufacturer with which we had only done limited levels of production over the last couple of years. If we or this contract manufacturer terminates our relationship, or if we otherwise establish new relationships, we may encounter problems in the transition of manufacturing to another contract manufacturer, which could temporarily increase our manufacturing costs and cause production delays.

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IF WE LOSE THE SERVICES OF ANY OF OUR KEY MANAGEMENT OR KEY TECHNICAL PERSONNEL, OR ARE UNABLE TO RETAIN OR ATTRACT ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL PERSONNEL, OUR ABILITY TO CONDUCT AND EXPAND OUR BUSINESS COULD BE IMPAIRED.

We depend heavily on key management and technical personnel for the conduct and development of our business and the development of our products. However, there is no guarantee that if we lost the services of one or more of these people for any reason, that it would not adversely affect our ability to conduct and expand our business and to develop new products. We believe that our future success will depend in large part upon our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled technical employees. However, we may not be able to do so.

WE FACE INTENSE COMPETITION, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR ABILITY TO MAINTAIN OR INCREASE SALES OF OUR PRODUCTS.

The markets for our products are intensely competitive, continually evolving and subject to rapid technological change. Our competitors include companies with significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we have. These competitors are likely to be able to respond more rapidly than we can to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements. They may also devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors. Certain of our customers also have the ability to internally produce the equipment that they currently purchase from us. In these cases, we also compete with their internal product development capabilities. We expect that competition will increase in the future. We may not have the financial resources, technical expertise or marketing, manufacturing, distribution and support capabilities to compete successfully.

23 We face competition for our voice quality products from voice switch manufacturers. These switch manufacturers do not sell voice processing products or compete in the stand-alone voice processing product market specifically, but they integrate voice processing functionality within other products, either as hardware modules or as software running on internal processors. The other competition in these markets comes from two direct manufacturers of stand-alone voice processing products, Tellabs and Dialogic Communications. A more widespread adoption of internal voice processing solutions would present an increased competitive threat to us, if the net result was the elimination of demand for our voice processing system products.

~~Table~~ AT&T, Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Nuance, and other smaller companies are our competitors in the voice services business. Independent software vendors could develop competing applications. These independent software companies have access to the necessary technology to develop competing applications. In addition, some of ~~Contents~~these independent software vendors have more experience with voice recognition technology. One of the largest competitors in the voice transcription market, Nuance, merged subsequent to our becoming the exclusive distributor of Simulscribe's transcription service to wholesale customers. Although we believe we have certain technological advantages to certain of the transcription services offered by the combined company, the merger may impact our ability to close certain business opportunities that we believe exist in the transcription market. In addition, since a large portion of our voice services customers are direct retail customers, we also face the risk that carriers, including some of our wholesale customers, could offer competitive alternatives which would lure our retail customers away from us and adversely impact our voice services revenue.

financial resources, technical expertise or marketing, manufacturing, distribution and support capabilities to compete successfully.

We face competition from two direct manufacturers of stand-alone voice processing products, Tellabs and Dialogic Communications (formerly Natural Microsystems). The other competition in these markets comes from voice switch manufacturers. These switch manufacturers do not sell voice processing products or compete in the stand-alone voice processing product market, but they integrate voice processing functionality within their switches, either as hardware modules or as software running on chips. A more widespread adoption of internal voice processing solutions would present an increased competitive threat to us, if the net result was the elimination of demand for our voice processing system products.

We face growing competition for our voice services business. Recently AT&T, Microsoft, Google, Yap and other smaller companies entered the voice services business. Independent software vendors could develop competing applications. These independent software companies have access to the necessary technology to develop competing applications. In addition, some of these independent software vendors have more experience with voice recognition technology. One of the largest competitors in the voice transcription market, Nuance, merged subsequent to our becoming the exclusive distributor of Simulscribe's transcription service to wholesale customers. Although we believe we have certain technological advantages to certain of the transcription services offered by the combined company, the merger may impact our ability to close certain business opportunities that we believe exist in the transcription market. In addition, since a large portion of our voice services customers are direct retail customers, we also face the risk that carriers, including some of our wholesale customers, could offer competitive alternatives which would lure our retail customers away from us and adversely impact our voice services revenue.

Many of our competitors and potential competitors have long-standing relationships with our existing and potential customers, and have substantially greater name recognition and technical, financial and marketing resources than we do. These competitors may undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote substantially more resources to developing new products than we will.

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WE DO NOT HAVE THE RESOURCES TO ACT AS A SYSTEMS INTEGRATOR, WHICH MAY BE REQUIRED TO WIN DEALS WITH SOME LARGE U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES COMPANIES.

When implementing significant technology upgrades, large U.S. and international telecommunications services companies often require one major equipment supplier to act as a "systems integrator" to ensure interoperability of all the network elements. Normally the system integrator would provide the most crucial network elements and also take responsibility for the interoperation of their own equipment with the equipment provided by other suppliers. We are not in a position to take such a lead system integrator position and therefore we may have to partner with a system integrator (other, much larger, telecommunication equipment supplier) to have a chance to win business with certain customers. As a result, we may experience delays in revenue because it could take a long time to agree to terms with the necessary system integrator and the terms may reduce our profitability for that transaction. Moreover, there is no guarantee that we will reach agreement with a system integrator.

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IF INCUMBENT AND EMERGING COMPETITIVE SERVICE PROVIDERS AND THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY AS A WHOLE EXPERIENCE A DOWNTURN OR REDUCTION IN GROWTH RATE, THE DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS WILL DECREASE, WHICH WILL ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS.

Our success will continue to depend in large part on development, expansion and/or upgrade of voice and communications networks. We are subject to risks of growth constraints due to our current and planned dependence on U.S. and international telecommunications service providers. These potential customers may be constrained for a number of reasons, including their limited capital resources, economic conditions, changes in regulation and mergers or consolidations ~~which we have seen in North America since calendar year 2004~~. New service providers (e.g., Google and Yahoo) are competing against our traditional customers with new business models that are substantially reducing the prices charged to end users. This competition may force network operators to reduce capital expenditures, which could reduce our revenue.

WE MAY EXPERIENCE UNFORESEEN PROBLEMS AS WE DIVERSIFY OUR INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMER BASE, WHICH WOULD IMPAIR OUR ABILITY TO GROW OUR BUSINESS.

Historically, we have sold mostly to customers in North America. We are continuing to execute on our plans to expand our international presence ~~through the establishment of new relationships with established international value-added resellers and distributors~~. ~~However,~~We we may ~~still~~ be required to hire additional personnel for the overseas market, may invest in markets that ultimately generate little or no revenue, and may incur other unforeseen expenditures related to our international expansion. ~~Despite~~To ~~these efforts, to~~ date our expansion overseas has met with success in only a few markets and there is no guarantee of future success.

AsIf we ~~expand~~are ~~our~~successful ~~sales~~with ~~focus~~our ~~farther into~~ international ~~markets~~expansion, we will face new and complex issues that we may not have faced before, such as expanded risk to currency fluctuations, ~~longer~~ longer payment cycles, ~~manufacturing overseas,~~ political or economic instability, potential adverse tax consequences and broadened import/export controls, which will put additional strain on our management personnel. In the past, the vast majority of our international sales have been denominated in U.S. dollars; however, in the future, we may be forced to denominate a greater amount of international sales in foreign currencies, which may expose us to greater exchange rate risk.

The number of installations we will be responsible for may increase as a result of our ~~continued~~ international expansion and recognition of revenue may be dependent on product acceptances that are tied to completion of the installations. In addition, we may not be able to establish more relationships with international value-added resellers and distributors. If we do not, our ability to increase sales could be materially impaired.

SOME OF THE KEY COMPONENTS, SOFTWARE AND LICENSED TECHNOLOGIES USED IN OUR PRODUCTS ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ONLY FROM SOLE SOURCES, THE LOSS OF WHICH COULD DELAY PRODUCT SHIPMENTS AND/OR ADVERSELY IMPACT FUTURE REVENUE. 21

We rely on certain suppliers as the sole source of certain key components, software and licensed technologies that we use in our products. For example, we rely on Texas Instruments as the sole source supplier for the digital signal processors used in our echo cancellation and voice enhancement products. We have no guaranteed supply arrangements with our suppliers. Any extended interruption in the supply of these components would adversely affect our future revenues. If we are unable to obtain a sufficient supply of these components or our access to the software or licensed technology is interrupted, we could experience difficulties in obtaining alternative sources or in altering product designs to use alternative components.

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SOME OF THE KEY COMPONENTS, SOFTWARE AND LICENSED TECHNOLOGIES USED IN OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ONLY FROM SOLE SOURCES, THE LOSS OF WHICH COULD DELAY PRODUCT SHIPMENTS AND/OR ADVERSELY IMPACT FUTURE REVENUE.

Resulting delays or reductions in product shipments could damage customer relationships, and we could lose customers and orders. Additionally, because these suppliers are the sole source of these components, we are at risk that adverse increases in the price of these components could have negative impacts on the cost of our products or require us to find alternative, less expensive components, which would have to be designed into our products in an effort to avoid erosion in our product margin.

SOME SUPPLIERS OF KEY COMPONENTS MAY REDUCE THEIR INVENTORY LEVELS, WHICH COULD RESULT IN LONGER LEAD TIMES FOR FUTURE COMPONENT PURCHASES AND ANY DELAYS IN FILLING OUR DEMAND MAY REDUCE OR DELAY OUR EXPECTED PRODUCT SHIPMENTS AND REVENUES.

Although we believe there are currently ample supplies of components for our products, it is possible that in the near-term component manufacturers may reduce their inventory levels and require firm orders before they manufacture components. This reduction in stocking levels could lead to extended lead times in the future. If we are unable to procure our planned quantities of materials from all prospective suppliers, and if we cannot use alternative components, we could experience revenue delays or reductions and potential harm to customer relationships.

IF WE ARE UNSUCCESSFUL IN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS THAT COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS, IT MAY LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO SELL IN REGIONS ADOPTING THESE REQUIREMENTS.

As part of our ISO 14001-certified management system and our overall commitment to the environment, we investigated the requirements set forth by the RoHS directive. Based on some independent industry benchmarking, and guidance offered by the UK's Department of Trade and Industry, we believe that our product, telecommunication network infrastructure equipment, qualifies for the lead-in-solder exemption of the RoHS Directive. Consequently, we have obtained what is commonly called "5 of 6" compliance. We will continue to monitor the evolution of environmental standards and related industry activities and intend to take appropriate action for products that we sell into countries and territories governed by environmental standards including regions adopting new environmental standards. There is no guarantee that we will be successful in complying with these evolving environmental requirements or that the costs involved with compliance might be prohibitive. In either case, if we are unsuccessful in complying with these environmental requirements, it would limit our ability to sell into territories adopting new environmental requirements, which could impact our total revenue and overall results of operations.

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OUR ABILITY TO COMPETE SUCCESSFULLY WILL DEPEND, IN PART, ON OUR ABILITY TO PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, WHICH WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO PROTECT.

We may rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets, copyright and trademark laws, nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, these measures may not be adequate to safeguard the technology underlying our products. In addition, employees, consultants and others who participate in the development of our products may breach their agreements with us regarding our intellectual property, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. In addition, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights in certain countries. We may, for a variety of reasons, decide not to file for patent, copyright or trademark protection outside of the United States. We also realize that our trade secrets may become known through other means not currently foreseen by us. Notwithstanding our efforts to protect our intellectual property, our competitors may be able to develop products that are equal or superior to our products without infringing on any of our intellectual property rights.

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IF WE EXPERIENCE CERTAIN SIGNIFICANT STOCK OWNERSHIP CHANGES, OUR NET OPERATING LOSSES MAY BE SUBSTANTIALLY LIMITED.

As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, we had federal and state tax net operating loss ~~carryforwards~~carry forwards of approximately $~~138~~131.82 million and $~~127~~116.59 million, respectively. In the last several years we have experienced changes in ownership of our common stock that have created a risk that certain additional changes in stock ownership (e.g., significant increases in stock ownership held by our 5% stockholders, or increases in stock ownership that would cause a stockholder to become a 5% stockholder) may cause the tax laws to place severe limitations on our ability to utilize these net operating losses. In the event that significant stock transactions occur and our tax carry ~~carryforwards~~forwards become limited, there should not be an immediate material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations as we have already established a full valuation against our tax ~~carryforwards~~carry forwards. If a limitation of our tax ~~carryforwards~~ carry forwards is triggered, it could adversely impact future cash flows by not allowing us to substantially offset future taxable income with these tax ~~carryforwards~~carry forwards resulting in higher levels of potential future tax obligations.

INOUR ~~THE~~CASH ~~FUTURE~~RESOURCES WE MAY NOT BE, ~~SUBJECT~~SUFFICIENT TO ~~SECURITIES~~DEVELOP ~~CLASS~~ADDITIONAL ~~ACTION LAWSUITS DUE TO DECREASES IN OUR STOCK PRICE~~TECHNOLOGIES.

WeAs ~~are~~of atApril 30, ~~risk~~2012, ofwe ~~being~~had ~~subject~~approximately to$22.8 million ~~securities~~in ~~class~~cash, ~~action~~cash ~~lawsuits~~equivalents ifand ~~our~~short-term investments. ~~stock~~As ~~price~~a ~~declines substantially~~result, ~~similar~~we may not be able to ~~what~~acquire ~~happened in~~or ~~2005.~~develop ~~Although~~new technologies that we ~~were~~believe ~~successful~~would inbe ~~that~~beneficial ~~litigation,~~to ifour company and our ~~stock~~stockholders. ~~price~~Further, ~~declines~~if ~~substantially~~we experience a continued downturn in ~~the~~our ~~future~~business, we may beneed ~~the~~to ~~target~~rely ofon ~~similar~~our ~~litigation.~~cash ~~Any~~reserves ~~future,~~to ~~securities~~fund ~~litigation~~our ~~could result~~business induring ~~substantial~~the ~~costs~~period ~~and~~of ~~divert~~the ~~management's~~downturn ~~attention~~which, if prolonged and ~~resources~~severe, ~~and~~we ~~could~~may ~~seriously~~not ~~harm~~be ~~our~~able ~~business~~to do.

OUR CASH RESOURCES MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT TO ACQUIRE OR DEVELOP ADDITIONAL TECHNOLOGIES.

As of April 30, 2011, we had approximately $27.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. As a result, we may not be able to acquire companies or technologies, or develop new technologies, that we believe would be beneficial to our company and our stockholders. Further, if we experience a continued downturn in our business, we may need to rely on our cash reserves to fund our business during the period of the downturn which, if prolonged and severe, we may not be able to do.

OUR PRODUCTS EMPLOY TECHNOLOGY THAT MAY INFRINGE ON THE PROPRIETARY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES, WHICH MAY EXPOSE US TO LITIGATION.

Although we do not believe that our products infringe the proprietary rights of any third parties, third parties may still assert infringement or invalidity claims (or claims for indemnification resulting from infringement claims) against us. If made, these assertions could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, irrespective of the validity or the successful assertion of these claims, we could incur significant costs in defending against these claims.

Item 1B—Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

~~Item 2—Properties~~ 23

Our principal offices and facilities are currently located in two leased buildings totaling approximately 61,000 square feet in Mountain View, California. In fiscal 2010, we completed the sublease of approximately 11,200 square feet of our Mountain View headquarters, which we vacated in fiscal 2009 due to reduced space needs as a result of the cumulative affect of the reductions in force that we had completed. Of the remaining space occupied, approximately 61% is used for manufacturing

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~~and research~~ ~~and development and the balance is used for office space for sales and marketing and general and administrative functions. The sublease expires on July 31, 2011. In 2011 we signed~~ ~~a six month extension to the lease on approximately 35,800 square feet of the currently occupied space at our Mountain View site, which expires January~~ Item ~~31, 2012. The intent of this extension is to allow us time to carefully review our space needs and our rental options prior to committing a new long term lease.~~ 2—Properties

Our principal offices and facilities are located in San Jose, California, and consist of approximately 20,100 square feet of office and lab space. Approximately 53% is used for manufacturing and research and development and the balance is used for office space for sales and marketing and general and administrative functions. The lease expires May 1, 2017.

Item 3—Legal Proceedings

Ditech is currently not a party to any legal proceedings.

Item 4—~~[Removed~~Mine ~~and~~Safety ~~Reserved]~~Disclosures

Not applicable

ADDITIONAL PART I INFORMATION

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following are our executive officers, together with their ages and biographical information, as of June 30, ~~2011~~2012:

Name	Age		Position	~~Position~~
Kenneth D. Naumann	42	41	President and Chief Executive Officer	~~President and Chief Executive Officer~~
William J. Tamblyn	53	52	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer	~~Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer~~
Karl E. Brown	42	41	Vice President of Marketing	~~Vice President of Marketing~~

Kenneth Naumann joined Ditech in November 2010 as Vice President of Worldwide Sales. He was promoted to President in March of 2011 and to Chief Executive Officer in May 2011. Prior to joining Ditech, Mr. Naumann served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Scarab Consulting, a provider of computer forensics, electronic discovery and data hosting solutions, from 2008 to 2010, where he was responsible for managing an approximately 100 person firm. From 2006 to 2008, Mr. Naumann served as Vice President of World Wide Sales and Marketing for Paymetric, a provider of secure payments and tokenization technologies, where he was responsible for the company-wide sales function. He served as Vice President of World Wide Sales at Guidance Software, an enterprise security and digital forensics software company, from 2004 to 2006. Before Guidance Software, Mr. Naumann worked at BindView Development from 1993 to 2003, an enterprise security, compliance and network management software provider. During this time, he served in a variety of senior management roles including Vice President of the Americas and Vice President of World Wide Sales. Mr. Naumann holds a BAB.A. in Philosophy from Hampden-Sydney College.

William J. Tamblyn joined Ditech in June 1997 as our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and was promoted to Executive Vice President in May 2004 and Chief Operating Officer in December 2009. Mr. Tamblyn was the Chief Financial Officer at Conductus, Inc., a telecommunications company, from January 1994 to June 1997. He served as Chief Financial Officer at Ramtek, an imaging company, from May 1993 to December 1993. Prior to May 1993, Mr. Tamblyn worked in public accounting, including for Coopers & Lybrand, LLP. He has a B.S. in Accounting from San Jose State University and is a certified public accountant, (inactive).

Karl E. Brown joined the marketing team at Ditech in 2004, and became the Vice President of Marketing in February 2008. Before joining Ditech, Mr. Brown was Senior Director of Marketing at ANDA Networks, a provider of Metro Ethernet equipment, from June 2002 to December 2004. Prior to ANDA Networks, Mr. Brown was the Director of Product Management for Jetstream Communications, a provider of media and signaling gateways, from July 2001 to April 2002. From July 1998 to July 2001, Mr. Brown held various management roles at Nortel Networks. Prior to this, Mr. Brown held a series of positions at GTE/Verizon Wireless. Mr. Brown has a M.S. and a B.S. in Engineering from Georgia Tech and a M.B.A. from Indiana University.

There are no family relationships between any director or executive officer of Ditech.

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Part II

Item 5—Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Ditech's common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "DITC." The following table shows the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market for the periods indicated:

	Fiscal 2011				Fiscal 2010
	Fiscal 2012				Fiscal 2011
	High		Low		High		Low
First Quarter	$	1.6340	$	10.2093	$	1.5063	$	01.9520
Second Quarter	$	1.5139	$	0.9186	$	21.2051	$	10.1591
Third Quarter	$	10.5595	$	10.1975	$	1.5255	$	1.1819
Fourth Quarter	$	1.9902	$	10.2385	$	1.8099	$	1.2123

Holders

According to the records of our transfer agent, there were 9590 stockholders of record of Ditech's common stock at June 30, ~~2011~~2012. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our capital stock and do not anticipate, at this time, paying any cash dividends on our capital stock in the near future. Our line of credit also restricts our ability to pay dividends.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Item 6—Selected Financial Data

Not required.

Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. See our cautionary language in the first paragraph of "Item 1. Business" regarding these statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed here. See "Item 1A—Risk Factors" for factors that could cause future results to differ materially.

Overview

We provide voice technologies for the telecommunications market. We design, develop and market telecommunications equipment for use in enhancing voice quality and canceling echo in voice calls over wireline, wireless and internet protocol ("IP") telecommunications networks. Our products monitor and enhance voice quality and provide transcoding in the delivery of voice services. ~~Since~~We ~~entering~~have continued to refine our echo cancellation products to meet the ~~voice~~needs of the ever-changing telecommunications marketplace. Our TDM based ("time division multiplexing") product introductions have leveraged the processing capacity of our newer hardware platforms to offer not only echo cancellation but also enhanced Voice Quality Assurance ("VQA") features including noise reduction, acoustic echo

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~~processing market, we have continued to refine our echo~~ cancellation products to meet the needs of the ever-changing telecommunications marketplace. Our TDM-based product introductions have leveraged the processing capacity of our newer hardware platforms to offer not only echo cancellation but also enhanced Voice Quality Assurance ("VQA") features including noise reduction, ~~acoustic echo cancellation,~~ voice level control and noise compensation through enhanced voice intelligibility. We have also introduced products to support carriers that are deploying voice over internet protocol, or "VoIP," technologies which offer all the voice capabilities of our TDM-based products along with codec transcoding to meet the new challenges faced by carriers deploying VoIP technologies.

We also design, develop and market telecommunications software and services. We have built a software-centric extension to our voice quality offerings, ~~named mStage,~~ which provides VQA as well as other voice technologies such as mixing and keyword spotting, enabling the next generation of voice application. We also market and develop voice-to-text applications, based on our exclusive reseller agreement with Simulscribe. Voice-to-text utilizes much of the same core expertise in voice processing that underlies VQA. The current primary market for voice-to-text is voicemail-to-text. In the voicemail to text area we offer a broad spectrum of services, under the brand "PhoneTag", including fully automated transcription services as well as transcription services that include human touch-up. Using the same infrastructure we also offer transcription services for conference calls and other audio sources.

We sell our products primarily to wireline and wireless carriers ~~as well as our success in selling to the larger carriers~~. We have experienced ebbs and flows in the level of demand from these carriers due to their level of network expansion, adoption of new technologies in their networks and the impacts of merger and other consolidation in the industry. During the last three years, the downturn in business volume we have experienced seems to have been driven by three main factors: technology transitions; budgetary constraints; and the global economic crisis.

The technology transition has impacted us on two fronts. First and foremost, carriers have been extremely cautious to invest in legacy second generation ("2G") technology, historically our primary source of revenue, for fear of stranding some or all of their investments by moving to newer third/fourth generation technology ("3G/4G"). The hesitancy to invest in 2G equipment has resulted in protracted purchase cycles and smaller deployments to mitigate perceived risks, while still addressing needed improvements in voice quality in 2G networks. The second impact has been felt on the 3G/4G investment, which has been far slower to develop than was first predicted by industry experts. Instead of wholesale deployment of VoIP technologies, we have experienced a much more cautious entrance into this technology by many of the carriers with which we have historically done business, with the key by-product being that they are buying much smaller systems than would have been expected from their historical buying pattern and in some cases even deciding to limit investment in 3G technology in lieu of even newer fourth generation technologies that are currently in development.

On the budgetary side, ~~even~~for ~~before~~ the ~~world-wide~~last ~~financial~~several ~~crisis~~years ~~became clear,~~ we ~~began~~have toseen ~~see~~ tighter budgetary spending on capital equipment in many regions of the world, but most importantly with our large domestic customers. Spending on capital equipment appears to ~~have~~be ~~been~~ primarily targeted at equipment that ~~could~~can show a direct correlation with revenue generation as opposed to our historical product offerings, which although not a direct source of revenue for carriers is critical to the overall call experience and therefore to customer satisfaction, which in our opinion can ultimately translate into call revenue. It is with this capital spending model in mind that we undertook development of our voice service products and mStage which, although leveraging off of our core knowledge of voice technology, we believe will be our first product offering to truly be tied to an identifiable revenue stream for our carriers.

Lastly, we believe that the current market conditions around the world have altered the pattern of in purchasing decisions as carriers tighten their capital investment activity due to internal budget constraints and as tighter credit hampers their ability to borrow to facilitate network expansion and/or upgrades.

30 Despite the previously mentioned budget constraints and uncertainty around network architecture, we continue to believe that in the United States our continued focus on voice quality in the competitive wireless services landscape and the continued expansion of wireless networks, primarily using 3G/4G technologies and to a lesser degree 2G technologies, will be key factors in our ability to add new customers and drive opportunities for revenue growth. Although we continue to believe that 2G technology will continue to play a major role in technology utilized in many international regions of the world, we do believe that there is a growing interest in certain of these regions in shifting to 3G

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~~constraints~~technologies. Our PVP product is designed for use in 3G/4G networks and ashas ~~tighter~~been ~~credit~~moderately ~~hampers~~deployed ~~their~~over ~~ability~~the tolast ~~borrow~~three years. Over the past several years, we have witnessed a reluctance by the carriers to ~~facilitate~~invest heavily in any new large scale network expansion. The development of our VQA feature set, which was originally targeted at the international Global System for Mobile Communications ("GSM") market, has seen growing importance in the domestic market as well. We continue to focus sales and~~/or~~ ~~upgrades~~marketing efforts on international and domestic mobile carriers that might best apply our VQA solution. We have continued to invest in customer trials domestically and internationally, where the size of the opportunities justify the costs we must invest in the trial, in an attempt to better avail ourselves of these opportunities as they arise.

~~Despite~~In the ~~previously~~last ~~mentioned~~three ~~budget~~fiscal ~~constraints~~years ~~and~~we ~~uncertainty~~have ~~around~~been ~~network~~focusing ~~architecture,~~our wedevelopment ~~continue~~efforts to ~~believe~~product offerings that inleverage ~~the~~off ~~United States~~ our ~~continued~~expertise ~~focus~~in on voice ~~quality~~technology. ~~in the~~We ~~competitive~~are ~~wireless~~undertaking ~~services~~these ~~landscape~~new opportunities ~~and~~in ~~the~~an ~~continued~~effort ~~expansion of wireless networks, primarily using 3G/4G technologies and~~ to anot ~~lesser~~only ~~degree~~diversify 2Gour ~~technologies,~~product ~~will~~offerings bebut ~~key~~also ~~factors in~~ our ~~ability~~ tocustomer ~~add new customers and drive opportunities for revenue growth~~base. ~~Although~~We ~~we continue to~~ believe that 2Gthese ~~technology~~products ~~will~~could ~~continue~~help togenerate ~~play~~ a ~~major~~more ~~role~~predictable inrevenue ~~technology~~base, ~~utilized~~which ~~in the international regions of the world where~~ we ~~have focused our sales efforts, we do~~ believe ~~that there~~ is aless ~~growing~~susceptible ~~interest in certain of these regions in shifting~~ to ~~3G technologies. However, we are poised to support the deployment of~~ our ~~Packet~~customer's ~~Voice~~decisions ~~Processor~~on ~~("PVP") product in 3G/4G networks internationally, should demand for~~ the ~~3G/4G~~timing ~~technology~~and ~~grow~~nature ~~internationally. The development~~ of ~~our VQA feature set, which was originally targeted at~~ the ~~international~~network ~~Global~~expansions ~~System~~than for Mobile Communications ("GSM") market, has seen growing importance in the domestic market as well. We continue to focus sales and marketing efforts on international and domestic mobile carriers that might best apply our ~~VQA~~legacy ~~solution.~~product Weofferings have ~~continued~~experienced toon ~~invest~~a instand ~~customer~~alone ~~trials domestically and internationally, where the size of the opportunities justify the costs we must invest in the trial, in an attempt to better avail ourselves of these opportunities as they arise~~basis.

~~Between~~In fiscal ~~2005~~2010, ~~and~~we ~~early~~entered ~~fiscal~~into ~~2009~~an weexclusive ~~directed~~worldwide adistribution ~~significant~~agreement ~~amount~~with ofSimulscribe. ~~our~~In ~~research~~conjunction ~~and~~with ~~development~~this ~~spending~~agreement ~~towards~~we obtained the ~~development~~exclusive ofright ~~our~~to ~~PVP,~~market ~~a platform targeting~~Simulscribe's ~~VoIP~~voice-~~based~~to-text ~~network~~transcription ~~deployments.~~services ~~The~~to ~~Packet~~customers ~~Voice~~around ~~Processor~~the ~~introduces~~world. ~~cost-effective~~We ~~voice~~have ~~format~~invested ~~transcoding~~in ~~capabilities~~the ~~combined~~enhancement ~~with~~of ~~our~~the ~~VQA~~voice-to-text ~~technology~~offering to ~~improve call~~support ~~quality~~conversion ~~and~~of ~~clarity~~additional bylanguages ~~eliminating acoustic echo and voice level imbalances and reducing packet loss and jitter. Despite these efforts, we have experienced mixed results~~ as wewell ~~remain~~to ~~dependant~~scale on the ~~buying~~ ~~patterns~~capabilities of aour ~~small,~~services ~~yet diverse, group of carriers~~platform.

~~Beginning~~Due into ~~fiscal~~softened ~~2009,~~demand wefor ~~began shifting~~ our ~~development~~VQA ~~efforts~~products toover ~~other~~the ~~product~~last ~~offerings~~few ~~that~~years, ~~leverage~~we ~~off~~have ~~our~~undertaken ~~expertise~~a innumber ~~voice~~of ~~technology.~~cost ~~One~~cutting ~~focus~~measures ofin ~~these~~an ~~efforts~~attempt ~~has been~~ to ~~develop~~ ~~versions~~better ofalign our ~~software~~spending ~~that~~with ~~can~~our berevenue levels ~~used~~while onstill ~~other~~investing ~~vendor~~in ~~platforms~~the ~~that~~future ~~currently~~of dothe ~~not~~company ~~compete~~by ~~with~~means ~~our~~of ~~products.~~development ~~More~~projects, ~~recently~~like weour ~~have~~voice ~~shifted~~services ~~the~~products ~~majority~~which ofleverage our ~~development~~core ~~efforts~~strengths ~~to our~~in the voice ~~service~~technology and ~~mStage~~provide ~~products,~~for more ~~which~~stable ~~are~~revenue ~~nearing~~streams in the ~~end~~future. The focus of ~~their~~our ~~initial~~cost ~~development~~cutting efforts ~~and~~has ~~are~~not ~~being~~only ~~deployed~~been ~~for~~on ~~evaluation~~reducing atheadcount, ~~potential~~but ~~customer~~also ~~locations.~~on ~~While~~targeted ~~the~~spending ~~licensing initiative~~reductions ison ~~typically~~discretionary ~~focused~~spending onareas ~~moving~~such as ~~our~~travel, ~~expertise~~marketing incampaigns ~~voice~~and ~~quality~~trade toshows. ~~other~~We ~~types~~intend ofto ~~carrier~~continue ~~hardware,~~to ~~voice~~monitor ~~service~~our ~~products~~spending and ~~mStage~~intend ~~are~~to ~~designed~~take tofurther ~~enable~~steps ~~mobile~~if ~~subscribers~~needed to ~~use~~balance ~~their voice~~our asspending ~~well as their thumbs to interact~~ with ~~applications~~the ~~like~~revenue ~~email,~~opportunities ~~even~~we ~~during~~see ahead aof ~~phone call~~us.

Reseller Agreement. In ~~fiscal~~ ~~2010~~September 2009, we entered into ana ~~exclusive~~Reseller ~~worldwide~~Agreement ~~distribution agreement~~ with Simulscribe. Inpursuant ~~conjunction~~to ~~with~~which ~~this agreement~~ we ~~obtained~~became the exclusive reseller ~~right to market~~ of Simulscribe's voice-to-text ~~transcription~~ services to wholesale customers. ~~around~~Pursuant to the ~~world~~agreement, we also assumed all of Simulscribe's wholesale customers. We ~~believe~~paid ~~that~~$3.5 million and ~~this~~issued ~~voice~~a two-~~to-text~~year ~~transcription~~promissory ~~service~~note ~~provides~~for an additional $3.5 million for the assumption of the wholesale customer contracts and the exclusivity rights. In April 2011, the promissory note was paid in full. Additionally, Ditech agreed to pay a ~~meaningful~~fee for the services provided by Simulscribe, and will pay up to an additional $10 million if the revenues generated from the ~~complement~~Simulscribe services meet certain performance milestones within the first three years of the agreement (the "Additional Payments"), which period ends September 10, 2012, subject to acceleration in certain events, such as our failure to use commercially reasonable efforts to market the ~~other~~services ~~voice~~or ~~technologies~~a ~~being~~change ~~developed~~of ~~under~~control of our ~~mStage~~company ~~product~~at ~~initiatives.~~a Wetime ~~are~~that ~~undertaking~~revenues from these ~~new~~services ~~opportunities~~are on track to result in anthe ~~effort~~payment toultimately being made. Based upon current revenues generated, we do not ~~only~~expect ~~diversify~~any ~~our~~of ~~product~~the ~~offerings~~Additional ~~but~~Payments to be earned. The Additional Payments, should any be paid, are ~~also~~convertible into our ~~customer~~common ~~base~~stock at Simulscribe's option. WeThe ~~believe~~Additional ~~that~~Payments ~~these~~may ~~products~~be ~~could~~converted ~~help~~into ~~generate~~our common stock at a ~~more~~conversion ~~predictable~~price ~~revenue~~of ~~base~~$5.00 per share, ~~which~~provided wethat ~~believe~~if a specified revenue target is ~~less~~met ~~susceptible~~then up to ~~our~~$5.0 million ~~customer's~~of ~~decisions~~the onAdditional Payments can be converted at $4.00 per share. In the ~~timing~~fourth quarter of fiscal 2010, we amended our agreement with Simulscribe that extended our exclusive distribution rights to all customers, not just wholesale customers. The agreement, and ~~nature~~the ofrelated amendment, were accounted for as an asset acquisition and the ~~network~~value ~~expansions~~of ~~than~~the ~~our~~consideration ~~legacy~~given ~~product~~was ~~offerings~~allocated ~~have~~to ~~experienced~~the onassets areceived ~~stand~~as ~~alone~~part ~~basis~~of the transaction.

Due to softened demand for our products over the last three years, we have undertaken a number of cost cutting measures in an attempt to better align our spending with our revenue levels while still investing in the future of the company by means of development projects, like our voice services products which leverage our core strengths in the voice technology and will hopefully provide for more stable revenue streams in the future. The focus of our cost cutting efforts has not only been on reducing headcount, which has declined by well over 50% since the end of fiscal 2007, but also on 27

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~~targeted~~ Our Customer Base. Historically, the majority of our sales have been to customers in the United States. Domestic customers accounted ~~spending~~for approximately ~~reductions~~82%, on81% ~~discretionary~~and ~~spending~~72% ~~areas~~of ~~such~~our revenue in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The geographic mix of revenue reflects domestic demand for our legacy TDM business and our VoIP business, as well ~~travel~~as the vast majority of our voice service product revenue being generated from domestic customers. Our international business for fiscal 2012 was primarily concentrated in Europe and South East Asia. However, ~~marketing~~sales ~~campaigns~~to some of our U.S. customers may result in our products purchased by these customers eventually being deployed internationally, especially in the case of any original equipment manufacturer that distributes overseas. To date, the vast majority of our international sales have been export sales and ~~trade~~denominated ~~shows~~in U.S. dollars. Our international revenue has been largely driven by demand from customers in South East Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. We ~~intend~~expect our international demand for voice quality products to continue to ~~monitor~~be ~~our~~heavily ~~spending~~influenced by these markets as they are experiencing the highest level of growth and ~~intend~~commonly have the most need for cost effective solutions to ~~take~~address ~~further~~voice ~~steps~~quality ifin their growing networks. However, we expect that international ~~needed~~demand for our voice service products may be more heavily influenced by demand from Europe and Latin America which tend to ~~balance~~be ~~our~~earlier ~~spending~~adopters ~~with~~of ~~the~~new ~~revenue~~phone ~~opportunities~~services than other international regions into which we ~~see~~have ~~ahead~~historically ofsold usproduct.

~~Reseller Agreement. In September 2009, we entered into a Reseller Agreement with Simulscribe pursuant to which we became the exclusive~~The ~~reseller~~majority of ~~Simulscribe's~~ ~~voice-to-text~~our ~~services~~revenue tohistorically ~~wholesale~~has ~~customers.~~come ~~Pursuant~~from toa ~~the~~small ~~agreement,~~number ~~we also assumed all~~ of ~~Simulscribe's wholesale~~ customers. WeOur ~~paid~~largest ~~$3.5 million and~~customer ~~issued~~in afiscal ~~two-year~~2012, ~~promissory~~Intercall, ~~note~~a ~~for~~VoIP anconference ~~additional~~call ~~$3.5 million~~provider, accounted for approximately ~~the~~29%, ~~assumption~~14% ~~of the wholesale customer contracts~~ and ~~the~~13% ~~exclusivity~~of ~~rights.~~revenue Inin ~~April~~fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~the~~2011 ~~promissory note~~and ~~was~~2010, ~~paid in full~~respectively. ~~Additionally,~~Our ~~Ditech~~five ~~agreed~~largest tocustomers ~~pay~~accounted ~~a fee~~ for ~~the~~approximately ~~services provided by Simulscribe~~63%, 67% and ~~will~~75% ~~pay~~of upour torevenue anin ~~additional~~fiscal ~~$10 million~~2012, if2011 ~~the revenues generated from the~~and ~~Simulscribe~~2010, ~~services~~respectively. ~~meet~~Consequently, ~~certain performance milestones within~~ the ~~first~~loss ~~three years~~ of ~~the agreement (the "Additional Payments")~~, ~~subject~~or tosignificant ~~acceleration~~decline in ~~certain~~purchases ~~events~~by, ~~such~~any asone ~~our failure to use commercially reasonable efforts to market the services or a change~~ of ~~control of~~ our ~~company~~largest atcustomers, awithout ~~time~~an ~~that~~offsetting ~~revenues~~increase ~~from these services are on track to result~~ in ~~the~~revenue ~~payment~~from ~~ultimately~~existing ~~being made.~~or ~~The~~new ~~Additional Payments~~customers, ~~should any be paid, are convertible into our common stock at Simulscribe's option. The Additional Payments may be converted into our common stock at a conversion price~~would ofhave ~~$5.00 per share, provided that if~~ a ~~specified~~substantial ~~revenue~~negative ~~target~~effect ison ~~met~~our ~~then up to $5~~business.~~0 million~~ ofThis ~~the~~customer ~~Additional~~concentration ~~Payments~~risk ~~can~~was beevidenced ~~converted~~over ~~at $4.00 per share. In~~ the ~~fourth~~last ~~quarter~~few of fiscal ~~2010,~~ weyears ~~amended~~as ~~our~~sudden ~~agreement~~delays ~~with~~and/or ~~Simulscribe~~declines ~~that~~in ~~extended~~purchases by our ~~exclusive~~large ~~distribution rights to all~~ customers, resulted ~~not~~in ~~just~~significant ~~wholesale~~declines ~~customers.~~in ~~The~~our ~~agreement,~~overall ~~and~~revenues ~~the related amendment, were accounted for as an asset acquisition~~ and ~~the~~ultimately ~~value~~resulted ofin ~~the~~net ~~consideration~~losses ~~given~~for ~~was~~those ~~allocated to the assets received as part of the transaction~~periods.

Our Customer Base. Historically, with the exception of fiscal 2009, the majority of our sales have been to customers in the United States. Domestic customers accounted for approximately 81% of our revenue in fiscal 2011, and 72% and 46% of our revenue in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively. The geographic mix of revenue reflects domestic demand for our legacy TDM business and our VoIP business, as well as the vast majority of our voice service product revenue being generated from domestic customers. Our international business for fiscal 2011 was primarily concentrated in South East Asia. However, sales to some of our U.S. customers may result in our products purchased by these customers eventually being deployed internationally, especially in the case of any original equipment manufacturer that distributes overseas. To date, the vast majority of our international sales have been export sales and denominated in U.S. dollars. Our international revenue has been largely driven by demand from customers in South East Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. We expect our international demand for voice quality products to continue to be heavily influenced by these markets as they are experiencing the highest level of growth and commonly have the most need for cost effective solutions to address voice quality in their growing networks. However, we expect that international demand for our voice service products may be more heavily influenced by demand from Europe and Latin America which tend to be earlier adopters of new phone services than other international regions into which we have historically sold product.

Our revenue historically has come from a small number of customers. Our largest customer in fiscal 2011 and 2010, AT&T, a domestic wireline and wireless carrier, accounted for approximately 28% and 30% of our revenue, respectively. Our largest customer in fiscal 2009 was Verizon Wireless, which accounted for 22% of revenue. Our five largest customers accounted for approximately 67% of our revenue in fiscal 2011 and 75% and 60% of our revenue in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively. Consequently, the loss of, or significant decline in purchases by, any one of our largest customers, without an offsetting increase in revenue from existing or new customers, would have a substantial negative effect on our business. This customer concentration risk was evidenced over the last few fiscal years as sudden delays and/or declines in purchases by our large customers resulted in significant declines in our overall revenues and ultimately resulted in net losses for those periods.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to our revenue recognition, investments, inventory valuation allowances, cost of warranty, impairment of long-lived assets, accounting for stock-based compensation and accounting for income taxes. Estimates are based on our historical experience and other assumptions that we consider reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual future results may differ from these estimates in the event that facts and circumstances vary from our expectations. If and when adjustments are required to reflect material differences arising between our ongoing estimates and the ultimate actual results, our future results of operations will be affected. We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition—In applying our revenue recognition and allowance for doubtful accounts policies the level of judgment is generally relatively limited, as the ~~vast~~ majority of our revenue has been generated by a handful of relatively long-standing customer relationships. These customers are some of the largest wire-line and wireless carriers in the world and our relationships with them are documented in contracts, which clearly highlight potential revenue recognition issues, such as passage of title and risk of loss. As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, we had deferred $1.41 million of revenue. However, only to the extent that we have received cash for a given deferred revenue transaction is the deferred revenue recorded on the ~~Consolidated~~consolidated balance ~~Balance Sheets~~sheets. To the extent that we have not collected cash related to the deferred revenue transaction, we reflect the deferred revenue as a reduction in the corresponding account receivable balance. Of the $1.41 million of total deferred revenue transactions at April 30, ~~2011~~2012, $0.59 million had been collected from customers and therefore $0.59 million was reported as deferred ~~revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the other $0.9 million was reflected as a reduction in account receivables.~~

Of the $1.4 million of revenue deferred as of April 30, 2011, substantially all of it was associated with maintenance contracts, which are recognized ratably over the term of the contract, typically twelve months. In dealing with the remaining smaller customers, we closely evaluate the credit risk of these customers. In those cases where credit risk is deemed to be high, we either mitigate the risk by having the customer post a letter of credit, which we can draw against on a specified date, to effectively provide reasonable assurance of collection, or we defer the revenue until customer payment is received. 28

Investments—We consider investment securities that have maturities of more than three months at the date of purchase but remaining maturities of less than one year, and auction rate securities, which we have historically settled on 7, 28 or 35 day auction cycles, as short-term investments. However, when auction rate securities failed to settle at auction, which occurred since the middle of fiscal 2008 through 2010, and conditions leading to their failure to auction create uncertainty as to whether they will settle in the near-term, we have classified them as long-term consistent with the contractual term of the underlying security. Long-term investment securities include any investments with remaining maturities of one year or more and auction rate securities for which we are unable to estimate when they will settle. Short-term and long-term investments consist primarily of certificates of deposit and preferred equity securities. We have classified our investments as available-for-sale securities in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We carry available-for-sale securities at fair value, and report unrealized gains and losses as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary on available-for-sale securities, if any, are included in other income, net based on specific identification. We include interest on securities classified as available-for-sale in total other income. See also the discussion in "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for additional information on auction rate securities.

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~~Inventory~~revenue ~~Valuation Allowances—In conjunction with our ongoing analysis of inventory valuation, we constantly monitor projected demand~~ on ~~a product by product basis. Based on these projections we evaluate~~ the ~~levels~~consolidated ofbalance ~~write-downs~~sheet ~~required for inventory on hand~~ and inventory on order from our contract manufacturers. Although we believe we have been reasonably successful in identifying write-downs in a timely manner, sudden changes in buying patterns from our customers, either due to a shift in product interest and/or a complete pull back from their expected order levels has resulted in the ~~recognition~~other ~~of larger than anticipated write-downs. For example, we recorded inventory write-downs for excess levels of inventory, due to wholesale shifts in demand, of~~ $~~2.4 million, $~~0.42 million ~~and~~was ~~$0.3 million~~reflected inas ~~fiscal~~a ~~2009,~~reduction ~~2010~~in ~~and~~accounts ~~2011, respectively~~receivable. ~~Sales of previously written-down inventory during the fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 were not material.~~

~~Cost~~Of ~~of Warranty—At~~ the ~~time~~$1.1 million ~~that~~of ~~we recognize~~ revenue, wedeferred ~~accrue~~as ~~for the estimated costs~~ of ~~the~~April 30, ~~warranty~~2012, wesubstantially ~~offer~~all ~~on our products. We currently offer warranties on the hardware elements~~ of ~~our~~it ~~products~~was ~~ranging~~associated ~~from~~with ~~one~~maintenance tocontracts, ~~five~~which ~~years~~are ~~and~~recognized ~~warranties~~ratably onover the ~~software elements~~ term of ~~our~~the ~~products~~contract, ~~ranging~~typically ~~from~~twelve ~~90 days to one year~~months. ~~The~~In ~~warranty~~dealing ~~generally~~with ~~provides that we will repair or replace any defective product and provide software bug fixes within~~ the ~~term~~remaining ofsmaller ~~the~~customers, ~~warranty.~~we ~~Our~~closely ~~accrual~~evaluate ~~for~~ the ~~estimated~~credit ~~warranty~~risk ~~is based on our historical experience and expectations~~ of ~~future~~these ~~conditions~~customers. ToIn ~~the~~those ~~extent~~cases wewhere ~~experience~~credit ~~increased~~risk ~~warranty~~is ~~claim~~deemed ~~activity~~to ~~or increased costs associated with servicing those claims~~be high, we ~~may~~either ~~revise~~mitigate ~~our~~the ~~estimated~~risk ~~warranty~~by ~~accrual to~~having ~~reflect~~the ~~these~~customer ~~additional~~post ~~exposures. This would result in~~ a ~~decrease~~letter ~~in gross profits. As~~ of ~~April 30~~credit, ~~2011~~which ~~and~~we ~~2010,~~can wedraw ~~had~~against ~~$0.1 million~~on ~~and~~a ~~$0.3 million,~~specified ~~respectively~~date, ~~accrued related~~ to ~~estimated~~effectively ~~future~~provide ~~warranty~~reasonable ~~costs.~~assurance ~~See~~of ~~Note 3~~collection, ofor we defer the ~~Notes~~revenue tountil ~~the~~customer ~~Consolidated~~payment ~~Financial~~is ~~Statements~~received.

~~Impairment of Long-lived Assets~~Investments—We consider ~~continually~~investment ~~monitor~~securities ~~events and changes in circumstances~~ that ~~could~~have ~~indicate~~maturities ~~that carrying amounts~~ of ~~long-lived assets,~~more ~~including~~than ~~intangible~~three ~~assets,~~months ~~may~~at ~~not~~the bedate ~~recoverable.~~of ~~When~~purchase ~~such~~but ~~events~~remaining ormaturities ~~changes in circumstances arise, we assess the recoverability~~ of ~~our~~less ~~long-lived~~than ~~assets~~one byyear, ~~determining~~as ~~whether~~short-term ~~the~~investments. ~~carrying~~However, ~~value~~auction ofrate ~~such~~securities ~~assets~~that ~~will~~failed beto ~~recovered~~settle ~~through~~at ~~undiscounted~~auction, ~~expected~~which ~~future~~occurred ~~cash~~during ~~flows.~~2008 Ifthrough ~~the~~2010, ~~total~~have ofbeen ~~the~~classified ~~undiscounted~~as ~~future~~long-term, consistent ~~cash~~with ~~flows is less than~~ the ~~carrying~~contractual ~~amount~~term of the ~~assets~~ inunderlying ~~question,~~security wewhich ~~recognize~~are annow ~~impairment~~asset ~~loss~~backed ~~based~~preferred onequity ~~the~~securities. ~~excess~~Long-term ofinvestment ~~the~~securities ~~carrying~~include ~~amount~~any ~~over~~investments ~~the~~with remaining ~~fair~~maturities ~~value~~ of ~~the~~one ~~assets.~~year Weor ~~evaluate~~more ~~the~~and ~~recoverability~~asset ofbacked ~~our~~preferred ~~amortizable~~equity ~~purchased~~securities, ~~intangible assets~~for ~~based~~which onwe anare unable to estimate ofa ~~the~~settlement ~~undiscounted~~date. ~~cash~~Short-term ~~flows~~and ~~resulting~~long-term investments ~~from~~consist ~~the~~primarily ~~use~~of certificates of ~~the~~deposit ~~related~~and asset ~~group~~backed ~~and~~preferred ~~its~~equity ~~eventual disposition~~securities. ~~The~~We ~~asset~~have ~~group~~classified ~~represents~~our ~~the~~investments ~~lowest~~as ~~level~~ available-for-sale ~~which~~securities ~~cash~~in ~~flows~~the ~~are~~accompanying consolidated ~~largely~~financial ~~independent of cash flows of other assets and liabilities~~statements. We ~~report~~carry ~~long~~available-~~lived~~for-sale ~~assets~~securities toat befair ~~disposed~~value, ofand atreport ~~the~~unrealized ~~lower~~gains ofand ~~carrying~~losses ~~amount~~as ora ~~fair~~separate ~~value~~component ~~less~~of ~~costs~~stockholders' ~~to sell~~equity. ~~During~~Realized ~~fiscal~~gains ~~2011,~~and ~~2010~~losses and ~~2009,~~declines wein ~~recorded~~value ~~impairment~~judged ~~charges~~to ofbe ~~approximately~~other-than-temporary ~~$0.1 million,~~on ~~$0.1 million~~available-for-sale ~~and $0.3 million~~securities, ~~respectively.~~if ~~The~~any, ~~impairment~~are ~~charges~~included in ~~2011 result~~other ~~from~~income, ~~damaged~~net ~~equipment~~based ~~that~~on ~~has~~specific ~~been written off~~identification. ~~Fiscal~~We ~~2010~~include ~~and~~interest ~~2009~~on ~~charges~~securities ~~were~~classified ~~associated~~as ~~with~~available-for-sale ~~certain~~in ~~identifiable~~total ~~assets~~other ~~that~~income. ~~were~~See ~~abandoned~~also asthe adiscussion ~~result~~in of"Liquidity and ~~the~~Capital ~~cumulative~~Resources" ~~effects~~below offor ~~the reduction~~additional ininformation ~~force~~on ~~that~~asset ~~had~~backed ~~been~~preferred ~~implemented~~equity ~~in those years~~securities.

~~Accounting~~Inventory ~~for~~Valuation ~~Stock-based Compensation~~Allowances—~~Stock-based~~In ~~compensation~~conjunction ~~cost~~with isour ~~estimated~~ongoing atanalysis ~~the~~of ~~grant~~inventory ~~date~~valuation, ~~based~~we onconstantly ~~the~~monitor ~~award's~~projected ~~fair~~demand ~~value~~on asa ~~calculated~~product by ~~the~~product ~~Black-Scholes-Merton ("Black-Scholes")~~basis. ~~option-pricing~~Based ~~model~~on these ~~and~~projections iswe ~~recognized~~evaluate asthe ~~expense,~~levels ~~net~~ of ~~estimated~~write-downs ~~forfeitures,~~required ~~ratably~~for ~~over~~inventory ~~the~~on ~~requisite~~hand ~~service~~and ~~period.~~inventory ~~Given~~on order from our ~~employee~~contract ~~stock~~manufacturers. ~~options~~Although we believe we have ~~certain characteristics~~been ~~that~~reasonably ~~are~~successful ~~significantly~~in identifying ~~different~~write-downs ~~from~~in ~~traded~~a ~~options~~timely ~~and~~manner, ~~because~~sudden changes in ~~the~~buying ~~subjective~~patterns ~~assumptions~~from ~~can~~our ~~materially~~customers, ~~affect~~either ~~the~~due ~~estimated~~to ~~value,~~a shift in ~~our~~product ~~opinion~~interest ~~the~~and/or ~~existing~~a ~~valuation models~~complete ~~may~~pull ~~not~~back ~~provide~~from antheir ~~accurate~~expected ~~measure~~order oflevels can ~~the~~result ~~fair~~in ~~value~~the recognition of ~~our~~larger ~~employee~~than ~~stock~~anticipated ~~options~~write-downs. ~~Although~~We werecorded ~~determine~~inventory ~~the~~write-downs ~~fair~~for ~~value~~excess levels of ~~employee~~inventory, ~~stock~~due ~~options~~to ~~using~~wholesale ~~the~~shifts ~~Black-Scholes~~in ~~option-pricing~~demand, ~~model~~of $0.4 million, ~~that~~$0.3 million ~~value~~and ~~may~~$0.4 million ~~not~~in befiscal ~~indicative~~2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Sales of ~~the~~previously ~~fair~~written-down ~~value~~inventory ~~observed~~during ~~between~~fiscal a2012 ~~willing~~were ~~buyer~~approximately $0.6 million, and awere ~~willing~~not ~~seller~~material in afiscal ~~market~~2011 ~~transaction~~and 2010.

~~The~~Cost ~~Black-Scholes~~of ~~model~~Warranty—At ~~requires~~the ~~various~~time ~~highly~~that ~~judgmental~~we ~~assumptions~~recognize ~~including~~revenue, ~~expected~~we ~~option~~accrue ~~life~~for the estimated costs of the warranty we offer on our products. We currently offer warranties on the hardware elements of our products ranging from one to five years and ~~volatility~~warranties on the software elements of our products ranging from 90 days to one year. IfThe warranty generally provides that we will repair or replace any defective product and provide software bug fixes within the term of the ~~assumptions~~warranty. ~~used~~Our inaccrual for the ~~Black-Scholes~~estimated ~~model~~warranty oris based on our historical experience and expectations of future conditions. To the extent we experience increased warranty claim activity or increased costs associated with servicing those claims, we may revise our estimated warranty accrual to reflect these additional exposures. This would result in a decrease in gross profits. Approximately $0.1 million was accrued at both April 30, 2012 and 2011, related to estimated future ~~forfeiture~~warranty costs. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

34 Impairment of Long-lived Assets—We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that carrying amounts of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances arise, we assess the recoverability of our long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through

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~~rate~~undiscounted ~~changes~~expected ~~significantly~~future cash flows. If the total of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets in question, ~~stock-~~we recognize an impairment loss based ~~compensation~~on ~~expense~~the excess ~~may~~of ~~differ~~the ~~materially~~carrying inamount over the ~~future~~fair value of the assets. We evaluate the recoverability of our amortizable purchased intangible assets based on an estimate of the undiscounted cash flows resulting from ~~that~~the use of the related asset group and its eventual disposition. The asset group represents the lowest level for which cash flows are largely independent of cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We report long-lived assets to be disposed of at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. We recorded no impairment charges in fiscal 2012, and approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in fiscal 2011 and 2010. The impairment charges in 2011 resulted from damaged equipment that had been written off. Fiscal 2010 charges were associated with certain identifiable assets that were abandoned as a result of the ~~current~~cumulative ~~period~~effects of the reduction in force that had been implemented in those years.

Accounting for ~~Income~~Stock-based ~~Taxes~~Compensation—~~Amounts~~Stock-based ~~recorded~~compensation ~~for~~expense ~~income~~is ~~taxes,~~estimated ~~both~~at ~~current~~the ~~and~~grant ~~deferred,~~date ~~are~~ based on ~~estimates of~~ the ~~tax~~award's ~~consequences~~fair ofvalue ~~our~~as ~~operations~~calculated inby the ~~various tax~~ ~~jurisdictions~~Black-Scholes-Merton in("Black-Scholes") ~~which~~option-pricing wemodel ~~operate.~~and ~~Our~~is ~~deferred~~recognized ~~taxes are the result of temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items such~~ as ~~valuation allowances for bad debts and inventory~~expense, ~~for tax~~net ~~and accounting purposes. As part~~ of ~~our~~estimated ~~ongoing~~forfeitures, ~~assessment~~ratably ofover the ~~recoverability~~requisite ofservice ~~our~~period. ~~deferred~~Given ~~tax~~our ~~assets,~~employee onstock aoptions ~~quarterly~~have certain ~~basis~~characteristics wethat ~~review~~are ~~the~~significantly ~~expiration~~different ~~dates~~from oftraded ~~our~~options ~~net operating loss~~ and ~~research credit carry forwards. In addition~~, webecause ~~complete~~changes ain ~~study on~~ the ~~impact~~subjective ofassumptions ~~Section 382~~can ofmaterially affect the ~~Internal~~estimated ~~Revenue~~value, ~~Code~~in onour atopinion ~~least~~the aexisting valuation ~~semi-annual~~models ~~basis~~may tonot ~~determine~~provide ~~whether~~an ~~a change~~accurate inmeasure ~~ownership~~of ~~may limit~~ the fair value of our ~~net~~employee ~~operating~~stock ~~loss carry forwards~~options. WeAlthough ~~determined~~we ~~that~~determine athe ~~full~~fair ~~valuation~~value ~~allowance against all~~ of ~~our~~employee ~~deferred~~stock ~~tax~~options ~~assets~~using ~~beginning~~the ~~as of April 30, 2008 was required. We have~~Black-Scholes ~~considered~~option-pricing ~~all evidence~~model, ~~positive and negative, and believe~~ that ~~based~~value onmay ~~our~~not ~~recent~~be ~~operating~~indicative ~~losses~~of ~~and uncertainty about~~ the ~~magnitude~~fair ~~and~~value ~~timing~~observed ofbetween ~~future~~a ~~operating~~willing ~~profits,~~buyer itand isa nowilling ~~longer~~seller ~~more likely~~in ~~than~~a ~~not~~market ~~that our deferred tax assets will be realized~~transaction.

WeThe ~~have~~Black-Scholes ~~adopted~~model ~~the~~requires ~~accounting~~various ~~guidance~~highly ~~relative~~judgmental toassumptions ~~accounting~~including ~~for~~expected ~~uncertainties~~option inlife ~~income~~and ~~taxes~~volatility. ~~This~~If ~~guidance~~any ~~prescribes~~of athe ~~recognition~~assumptions ~~threshold~~used ~~and~~in ~~measurement attribute for~~ the ~~financial~~ ~~statement~~Black-Scholes ~~recognition~~model ~~and measurement of a tax position taken~~ or ~~expected to be taken in a tax return. This guidance also provides guidance on derecognition of tax benefits, classification~~the onestimated ~~the~~forfeiture ~~balance~~rate ~~sheet,~~changes ~~interest and penalties~~significantly, ~~accounting~~stock-based incompensation ~~interim periods, disclosure, and transition. We have classified interest and penalties as a component of tax~~ expense. Wemay dodiffer ~~not~~materially ~~expect~~in ~~a significant change to~~ the ~~liability~~future ~~for~~from ~~uncertain~~that ~~tax~~recorded ~~positions~~in ~~over~~ the ~~next~~current ~~12 months~~period.

Accounting for Income Taxes—Amounts recorded for income taxes, both current and deferred, are based on estimates of the tax consequences of our operations in the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate. Our deferred taxes are the result of temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items such as valuation allowances for bad debts and inventory, for tax and accounting purposes. As part of our ongoing assessment of the recoverability of our deferred tax assets, on an annual basis we review the expiration dates of our net operating loss and research credit carry forwards. In addition, we complete a study on the impact of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code periodically to determine whether a change in ownership may limit the value of our net operating loss carry forwards. We determined that a full valuation allowance against all of our deferred tax assets beginning as of April 30, 2008, was required. We have considered all evidence, positive and negative, and believe that based on our recent operating losses and uncertainty about the magnitude and timing of future operating profits, it is no longer more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized.

The guidance for accounting for uncertainties in income taxes prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This guidance also provides guidance on derecognition of tax benefits, classification on the balance sheet, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. We have classified interest and penalties as a component of tax expense. We do not expect a significant change to the liability for uncertain tax positions over the next 12 months.

We are currently not under audit for any years or in any jurisdictions. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these types of examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes.

~~Recent Accounting Guidance Not Effective in or Prior to Fiscal 2011~~ 30

In October 2009, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on revenue recognition that will become effective for us beginning May 1, 2011, with earlier adoption permitted. Under the new guidance on arrangements that include software elements, tangible products that have software components that are essential to the functionality of the tangible product will no longer be within the scope of the software revenue recognition guidance, and software-enabled products will now be subject to other relevant revenue recognition guidance. Additionally, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables that are outside the scope of the software revenue recognition guidance. Under the new guidance, when vendor specific objective evidence or third party evidence for deliverables in an arrangement cannot be determined, a best estimate of the selling price is required to separate deliverables and allocate arrangement consideration using the relative selling price method. The new guidance includes new disclosure requirements on how the application of the relative selling price method affects the timing and amount of revenue recognition. We are currently assessing the potential effect, if any, on our financial statements.

In April 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new authoritative guidance on the milestone method of revenue recognition. The milestone method applies to research and development arrangements in which one or more payments are contingent upon achieving uncertain future events or circumstances. This guidance defines a milestone and provides criteria for determining whether the milestone method is appropriate. This standard is effective for milestones achieved in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010, on a prospective basis, with earlier application permitted. As we are typically not a party to research and development arrangements, we believe this standard will not have a material impact on our financial statements.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an update to existing guidance on the assessment of goodwill impairment. This amendment is intended to reduce the cost and complexity of the annual goodwill impairment test by providing entities an option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. If an entity concludes that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the two-step goodwill impairment test is required. Otherwise, the two-step goodwill impairment test is not required. This standard is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011 and early adoption is permitted if an entity's financial statements for the most recent annual or interim period have not yet been issued. We will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2013 and do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2011, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to improve the comparability and transparency of financial reporting and to increase the prominence of items reported in other comprehensive income. The new standard requires companies to present the components of net income and other comprehensive income either as one continuous statement or as two separate but consecutive statements. It eliminates the option to report other comprehensive income and its components as part of the statement of changes in shareholders' equity. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption is permitted, and full retrospective application is required. We will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2013 and do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In May 2011, the FASB issued a revised accounting standard. This amendment provides a consistent definition of fair value and ensures that the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements are similar between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and International Financial Reporting Standards. The amendment clarifies the application of existing fair value measurements and disclosures, and changes certain principles or requirements for fair value measurements and disclosures. The amendment changes certain fair value measurement principles and enhances the disclosure requirements particularly for level 3 fair value measurements. The standard is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011, and should be applied prospectively. We will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2013 and do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In fiscal 2012, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB's") new authoritative guidance on revenue recognition. The amended the accounting standards for revenue recognition to remove tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver the product's essential functionality from the scope of industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance. The FASB also amended the accounting standards for multiple-deliverable arrangements to (i) provide updated guidance on how the elements in a multiple-deliverable arrangement should be separated, and how the consideration should be allocated; (ii) require an entity to allocate revenue amongst the elements in an arrangement using estimated selling prices ("ESP") if a vendor does not have vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") or third-party evidence ("TPE") of the selling price; and (iii) eliminate the use of the residual method and require an entity to allocate revenue using the relative selling price method.

VSOE for elements of an arrangement is based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices for those services when sold separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling prices for an element falls within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by a substantial majority of such historical stand-alone transactions falling within a reasonably narrow

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range of the median rates. In addition, we consider major service groups, geographies, customer classifications, and other variables in determining VSOE.

TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. We are typically not able to determine TPE for our products or services. Generally, our go-to-market strategy differs from our peers and our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality cannot be obtained. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products' selling prices are on a stand-alone basis.

When we are unable to establish the selling price of its elements using VSOE or TPE, we use ESP in an allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of ESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. We determine ESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, pricing policies, internal costs, gross margin objectives, competitive landscapes, geographies, customer classes and distribution channels.

We adopted this accounting guidance at the beginning of our first quarter of the fiscal year ending April 30, 2012, for applicable arrangements originating or materially modified after April 30, 2011. We currently only enter into multiple element arrangements within the Voice Quality Enhancement segment as mentioned in Note 11 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The adoption of these accounting standards did not have a material impact on revenue recognized during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012.

Our revenue in multiple element arrangements in the Voice Quality Enhancement segment are derived primarily from two sources: (i) product revenue which consist of hardware and software, and (ii) related support and service revenue. Our products are telecommunications hardware with embedded software components such that the software functions together with the hardware to provide the essential functionality of the product. Therefore, our hardware deliverables are considered to be non-software elements and are excluded from the scope of industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance.

Although we cannot reasonably estimate the effect of the adoption on future financial periods as the impact may vary depending on the nature and volume of future sale contracts, this guidance does not generally change the units of accounting for our revenue transactions. Our hardware (including essential software) products and services qualify as separate units of accounting because they have value to the customer on a stand-alone basis and our revenue arrangements generally do not include a general right of return relative to delivered products. Our hardware (including essential software) is valued using ESP as mentioned above based on internal pricing policies. Our services (which include annual service maintenance and installation services) are valued using VSOE as mentioned above based upon the contractually stated annual renewal rate.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain items from our consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of revenue for the periods indicated:

Results of Operations

		Years ended April 30,		~~Years ended April 30,~~
				2011			2010			2009
		2012			2011			2010
Revenue			100.0	%	~~100.0~~	%100.0	%	~~100.0~~	%100.0	%	~~100.0~~	%
Cost of goods sold					50.8			49.1			60.4
Cost of revenue			61.9			50.8			49.1
Gross profit	~~Gross profit~~		38.1		~~49.2~~	49.2		~~50.9~~	50.9		~~39.6~~
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	~~Sales and marketing~~		36.4		~~40.3~~	40.3		~~42.7~~	42.7		~~61.7~~
Research and development	~~Research and development~~		43.1		~~41.6~~	41.6		~~46.2~~	46.2		~~67.7~~
General and administrative	~~General and administrative~~		21.6		~~25.3~~	25.3		~~23.9~~	23.9		~~36.5~~
Amortization of purchased intangible assets	~~Amortization of purchased intangible assets~~		0.5		~~0.4~~	0.4		~~0.3~~	0.3		~~0.5~~
Total operating expenses		~~Total operating expenses~~	101.6		~~107.6~~	107.6		~~113.1~~	113.1		~~166.4~~
Operating loss			(63.5	)	~~(58.4~~	)(58.4	)	~~(62.2~~	)(62.2	)	~~(126.8~~	)
Total other income (expense), net			0.1		~~12.8~~	12.8		~~(3.0~~	)(3.0	)	~~(17.1~~	)
Loss before benefit from income taxes					(45.6	)		(65.2	)		(143.9	)
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes			(63.5	)		(45.6	)		(65.2	)
Benefit from income taxes					(0.3	)		(0.1	)		(0.3	)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes			—			(0.3	)		(0.1	)
Net loss			(63.5	)%	~~(45.3~~	)%(45.3	)%	~~(65.1~~	)%(65.1	)%	~~(143.6~~	)%

Discussion of Fiscal Years ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011, and ~~2009~~2010

Revenue

	Years ended April 30,						Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011		2010		2009		2011			2010
	2012		2011		2010		2012			2011
	$s in thousands
Revenue	$	1816,~~563~~671	$	2218,~~864~~563	$	1822,~~648~~864	$	(41,~~301~~892	)	$	(4,~~216~~301	)
% Change								(1810.82	)%		22(18.68	)%

The decrease in revenue of $ 41.39 million in fiscal ~~2011~~2012 compared to fiscal ~~2010~~2011, was ~~largely~~primarily due to adecreased ~~decrease~~investment inby ~~revenue from~~ our top ~~five~~ customers. ~~For~~in ~~year~~their ~~ended~~legacy circuit switched ~~April 30~~technology, ~~2011,~~resulting ~~our top five customers accounted for $12.5 million of revenue as compared to $17.0 million for the corresponding period~~ in ~~fiscal~~a ~~2010.~~decrease ~~The decline~~ in ~~sales~~our toBVP ~~the top~~and ~~five~~QVP ~~customers~~product ~~was~~and ~~largely~~service ~~due~~contract ~~to continued soft~~ sales inof ~~international markets. This decrease was offset by~~ approximately a $25.64 million ~~increase~~ in ~~revenue~~fiscal ~~from~~2012 ~~our~~over ~~voice service offerings~~2011. ~~Although~~Partially weoffsetting ~~believe~~this ~~that~~decrease wein ~~have a number of meaningful opportunities for our~~ legacy ~~products, the process to convert these opportunities to revenue continues to be protracted and volatile.~~ AsVQA ~~our legacy product business is characterized by a relatively small number of high value transactions per quarter~~sales, ~~the~~was ~~shift~~an inincrease ~~the timing~~ of ~~a single transaction can materially impact our revenue for a period~~$2. ~~We believe purchasing delays are occurring for a number of different reasons including but not limited to (1)~~2 ~~tight~~million ~~capital~~in ~~budgets~~PVP ~~requiring our domestic customers to reprioritize their capital purchases and (2) international~~ sales, ~~being~~which ~~impacted~~supports byVoIP ~~changes~~networks. inAdditionally ~~local~~we ~~regulations~~had ~~and changes~~an inincrease ~~the management involved~~ in ~~the~~revenue ~~decision/approval process for our product, both~~ of ~~which have contributed to delays in~~ our ~~ability~~voice toservice ~~close~~offerings ~~deals~~of $1.3 million.

36 The decrease in revenue of $4.3 million in fiscal 2011 compared to fiscal 2010 was largely due to a decrease in revenue from our top five customers. For year ended April 30, 2011, our top five customers accounted for $12.5 million of revenue as compared to $17.0 million for the corresponding period in fiscal 2010. The decline in sales to the top five customers was largely due to continued soft sales in international markets. This decrease was offset by approximately a $2.6 million increase in revenue from our voice service offerings.

Although we believe that we have a number of meaningful opportunities for our legacy products, the process to convert these opportunities to revenue continues to be protracted and volatile. As our

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~~The~~legacy ~~increase~~product inbusiness ~~revenue~~is incharacterized ~~fiscal~~by ~~2010~~a ~~from~~relatively ~~fiscal~~small ~~2009~~number ~~was largely due to an increase in domestic deployments~~ of ~~both~~high ~~our~~value ~~BVP-Flex~~transactions ~~and~~per ~~our PVP systems~~quarter, as well as initial sales attributable to our voice services products, primarily transcription services. These increases were partially offset by declines in our international business primarily from customers in South East Asia and the ~~Middle East, as changes in customer management and the~~ shift in ~~capital spending focus away from call quality to other aspects of their networks resulted in reduced deployments of product in these regions. In~~ the ~~aggregate,~~timing ~~our top five customers in fiscal 2010 accounted for $17.0 million~~ of ~~our total revenue as compared to the top five customers in fiscal 2009, which accounted for $11.1 million. The increase in revenue from our largest customer in fiscal 2010, AT&T,~~ a ~~provider~~single oftransaction ~~domestic~~can ~~wireline,~~materially ~~wireless~~impact and conferencing communications services, which accounted for 30% of revenue in fiscal 2010 versus 3% of revenue in fiscal 2009, was largely due to targeted upgrades of portions of their 2G networks, as well as upgrades to portions of their VoIP conferencing network. Partially offsetting this increase, we experienced a decrease in revenue from Verizon, our ~~second largest customer in fiscal 2010, both in real terms and as a percentage of~~ revenue ~~(16% in fiscal 2010 compared to 22% in fiscal 2009). This decline was driven by the declines in service contract revenue from Verizon, as it reduced the level of maintenance services~~ for ~~its~~a ~~installed base of equipment~~period. This decline in maintenance revenue was only partially offset by increased deployment activity of new systems in fiscal 2010. We had one other customer that accounted for over 10% of revenue in fiscal 2010, a VoIP conferencing provider, which accounted for approximately 13% of revenue in fiscal 2010 as compared to approximately 7% of revenue in fiscal 2009.

Our domestic revenue for fiscal ~~2011~~2012 was 8182% of worldwide revenue as compared to 7281% in fiscal ~~2010~~2011. The increase in the proportion of revenue constituting our domestic revenue was due ~~in part~~ to the increase in ~~domestic sales of our BVP-Flex products domestically and the increase~~ voice services revenue, which to date has been largely driven by domestic customers. Revenue over the last several fiscal years has been generated largely from domestic sales. Historically, ~~Our~~our international sales have primarily been dependent on our success in selling VQA. ~~Although~~We webelieve that meaningful international revenue opportunities continue to ~~believe~~exist ~~that~~in ~~there~~VQA and are ~~meaningful~~being ~~international~~developed ~~revenue~~in ~~opportunities,~~voice weservices. We continue to experience volatility in purchasing cycles from our existing and prospective international VQA customers, which has resulted in volatility in the level of of international revenue from quarter to quarter. ~~Most~~We ~~recently~~plan ~~potential changes in India's import regulations related~~ to ~~technology-based~~continue ~~products contributed~~ to ~~delays~~invest in ~~our~~customer ~~ability~~trials tofor ~~close orders~~both inVQA ~~that region, as we worked to understand the implication of the potential rule changes on our products~~ and tovoice ~~ensure~~services ~~that our intellectual property was adequately protected. We plan~~ to ~~continue~~ ~~to invest in customer trials to~~ attempt to capture the international revenue opportunities that exist for us.

~~Although~~Buying we have experienced a consistent number of customers representing greater than 10% of our revenues during fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, the overall dollar magnitude of the revenue from these customers continues to reflect the soft market conditions for our products, as buying decisions continue to be slow to materialize and are generally for more conservative amounts than buying patterns experienced in years prior to 2008. We believe that this protracted buying process and the smaller ordering levels are a function of tighter capital spending budgets and tighter credit markets, as well as uncertainty in the technical direction that companies are looking to take. This indecision around future network design appears to have made carriers leery to invest heavily in legacy circuit switched technology due to the risk of stranding investments upon conversion to newer network technologies such as VoIP. However, on the VoIP side we are experiencing carriers moving into the VoIP space in a more conservative manner than was expected by industry analysts, resulting in deployments at a fraction of the size that we ~~are~~had ~~accustomed~~seen ~~to seeing~~ for circuit switched network deployments. The smaller scale version of the PVP, which was released in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, has resulted in additional revenue opportunity but has produced mixed sales results, accounting for 725% of revenue in ~~2009~~fiscal 2010, 2515% of ~~revenue~~revenues in fiscal ~~2010~~2011, and 1536% of ~~revenues~~revenue in fiscal ~~2011~~ 2012.

37 We have found that carriers appear to be focused on both VoIP and legacy circuit switched technology, depending on their customer's needs and market opportunity. Revenue levels for fiscal 2013 will be dependent on our success in adding new customers domestically and internationally, the network technology and deployment plans of the North American telecommunication service providers, the market acceptance of our PVP, and the timing and market acceptance of our voice services products. See "Item 1A-Risk Factors" for discussions of risks related to customer concentration and other factors, which could impact the timing and level of revenue.

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We have found that carriers appear to be focused on both VoIP and legacy circuit switched technology, depending on their customer's needs and market opportunity. Revenue levels for fiscal 2012 will be dependent on our success in adding new customers domestically and internationally, the network technology and deployment plans of the North American telecommunication service providers, the market acceptance of our PVP, and the timing and market acceptance of our voice services products. See "Item 1A-Risk Factors" for discussions of risks related to customer concentration and other factors, which could impact the timing and level of revenue.

See our cautionary language in the first paragraph of "Item 1. Business" regarding forward-looking statements such as the statements made in the prior paragraphs about our expectations regarding our future revenue, as well as statements regarding our expectations in each of the categories below.

Cost of ~~Goods~~Revenue ~~Sold~~ and Gross Margin

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011
	$s in thousands
Cost of goods sold	$	9,422		$	11,224		$	11,272		$	(1,802	)	$	(48	)
Cost of Revenue	$	10,326		$	9,422		$	11,224		$	904		$	(1,802	)
% Change											~~(16~~9.16	)%		—(16.1	)%
Gross Profit	$	96,~~141~~345		$	119,~~640~~141		$	711,~~376~~640		$	(2,~~499~~796	)	$	4(2,~~264~~499	)
Gross Margin %		4938.21	%		5049.92	%		3950.69	%		(111.71) pts			11(1.37) pts

Cost of ~~goods~~revenue ~~sold~~ consists of direct material costs, personnel costs for test, configuration and quality assurance, costs of licensed technology incorporated into our products, post-sales installation costs, subcontracted service provider costs associated with our voice services products, provisions for inventory and warranty expenses and other indirect costs. ~~The~~ decrease in cost of goods sold in the year ended April 30, 2011 as compared to the year ended April 30, 2010, was driven by a number of factors. The decrease in business volume for our legacy voice quality products accounted for approximately $2.2 million of the decline. Additionally, there was a decrease in errors and omissions reserves of $0.7 million, a reduction in headcount and related expenses of $0.7 million, and a decrease in warranty and installation costs of $0.6 million, also related to the decline in business. These decreases were partially offset by a $2.4 million increase in costs associated with the increase in voice services volume.

Cost of goods sold remained relatively constant from fiscal 2009 to fiscal 2010 as a $2.0 million decline in write downs of excess inventory and $0.6 million of reduced costs associated with installation and customer service costs due to reductions in force and other cost containment measures, more fully discussed below in the discussion of gross margin, was substantially offset by increased costs associated with increased product shipments and costs associated with our voice services product revenues. Our analysis of gross margin percentage below discusses the other factors driving changes in cost of goods sold. 34

Our gross margin percentage remained relatively constant from the year ended April 30, 2011 to 2010 with a decrease of 1.7% or approximately a $2.5 million decrease in gross profit. This change is comprised primarily of a decrease in business volume for our legacy voice quality products, which accounted for a decrease of approximately $2.6 million of gross profit, or approximately 8.0 percentage points of gross margin percentage. This was partially offset by a $0.1 million increase in gross profit associated with the increase in voice services volume.

Our gross margin percentage increased during fiscal 2010, as compared to fiscal 2009, largely due to a decline in the level of excess inventory write-downs recognized in fiscal 2010 as compared to fiscal 2009. In fiscal 2009, we experienced a fundamental shift in demand for two of our products which resulted in a $2.4 million reserve being recognized. This compares to a more normalized level of excess

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~~inventory~~ The ~~write-downs~~increase ~~being recognized~~ in ~~fiscal~~cost ~~2010~~ of ~~$0.4 million.~~revenue ~~The~~in ~~resulting~~fiscal ~~$2.0 million~~2012 ~~decline~~as incompared ~~write~~to ~~downs~~fiscal of2011, ~~excess~~was ~~inventory~~driven ~~accounted~~by ~~for~~a ~~approximately~~number ~~ten percentage points~~ of ~~margin~~factors. ~~improvement,~~Costs ~~year~~associated ~~over~~with ~~year.~~the Inincrease ~~addition,~~in wevoice ~~experienced~~services ~~approximately~~volume accounted for $0.68 million of ~~reduced~~the ~~costs~~increase. ~~associated~~These ~~with~~comprised ~~installation~~increases ~~and~~in ~~customer~~royalty ~~service~~expense ~~costs~~of ~~due~~$0.3 million, toamortization ~~reductions in~~expense ~~force~~of $0.3 million, and ~~other~~customer ~~cost~~services ~~containment~~expenses ~~measures~~of $0.2 million. Additionally, ~~which represented~~ an ~~additional~~increase ~~three~~in ~~percentage~~PVP ~~points~~sales ofresulted ~~improved~~in ~~margin.~~an ~~These~~increase ~~improvements~~of $1.9 million in ~~gross~~PVP ~~margin~~costs, ~~percentage~~which were ~~partially~~largely offset by ~~increased~~ ~~unit~~a ~~shipments~~decrease in sales and consequently cost of ~~product~~revenue atof ~~slightly~~our ~~lower~~legacy ~~standard~~VQA ~~margins,~~products ~~due~~of toapproximately ~~product~~$1.5 million. ~~and~~Additionally, ~~customer~~there ~~mix,~~was ~~and~~a ~~increased~~decrease ~~costs~~in ~~associated~~customer ~~with~~service ~~our~~and ~~voice~~installation ~~services~~expense ~~revenue~~of $0.2 million, ~~which~~and ~~combined~~a todecrease ~~result~~ in warranty acosts ~~two~~of ~~percentage~~$0.1 million, ~~point~~also ~~decrease in~~related to the ~~gross~~decline ~~margin~~in ~~percentage~~business.

The decrease in cost of revenue in the year ended April 30, 2011, as compared to the year ended April 30, 2010, was driven by a number of factors. The decrease in business volume for our legacy VQA products accounted for approximately $2.2 million of the decline. Additionally, there was a decrease in errors and omissions reserves of $0.7 million, a reduction in headcount and related expenses of $0.7 million, and a decrease in warranty and installation costs of $0.6 million, also related to the decline in business. These decreases were partially offset by a $2.4 million increase in costs associated with the increase in voice services volume.

Our gross margin percentage declined 11.1% or $2.8 million in fiscal 2012 as compared to fiscal 2011, primarily due to a decrease in business volume for our legacy VQA products, which accounted for a decrease of approximately $3.9 million of gross profit, or approximately 15.5 percentage points of gross margin percentage. Additionally, there were incremental costs of $0.2 million, or 0.7 percentage points of gross margin, resulting from an increase in voice services business volume. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in PVP sales resulting in additional gross margin of $1.3 million, or 5.1 percentage points of gross margin.

Our gross margin percentage remained relatively constant from fiscal 2011 to fiscal 2010 with a decrease of 1.7% or approximately a $2.5 million decrease in gross profit. This change consisted primarily of a decrease in business volume for our legacy voice quality products, which accounted for a decrease of approximately $2.6 million of gross profit, or approximately 8.0 percentage points of gross margin percentage. This was partially offset by a $0.1 million increase in gross profit associated with the increase in voice services volume.

All other things being equal, we expect that if our revenue levels increase, gross margin percentages should improve from the current levels as the continued under absorption of manufacturing overheads will become a smaller percentage of a larger revenue base, resulting in improved margins. However, we could experience declines in our gross margin due to further pricing pressures as we expand the distribution of our products internationally through value-added resellers and distributors, which typically demand lower prices than end user customers to allow for a profit to be realized on their resale. We may also experience a decline in gross margin if our lower margin voice services products become a larger percentage of our overall revenue.

Sales and Marketing

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011
	$s in thousands
Sales and Marketing Expense	$	76,~~481~~071		$	97,~~772~~481		$	119,~~511~~772		$	(21,~~291~~410	)	$	(12,~~739~~291	)
% of Revenue		4036.34	%		4240.73	%		6142.7	%		(23.49) pts			(192.04) pts

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, including commissions and costs associated with customer service, travel, trade shows and outside consulting services. ~~The~~ decrease in sales and marketing expense for the year ended April 30, 2011 as compared to the year ended April 30, 2010 was largely due to attrition in the sales and marketing organizations resulting in part from a reduction in force that occurred during the latter part of fiscal 2010. The resulting reduction in headcount had a direct impact on base pay, variable compensation, and consulting expense, which experienced a combined reduction of approximately $1.9 million. Other headcount related expenses including travel and tradeshows accounted for an additional decrease in expense of approximately $0.6 million, which was partially offset by an increase in voice services amortization expense of approximately $0.2 million.

The decline in sales and marketing spending in fiscal 2010, as compared to fiscal 2009, was largely due to realizing the benefit of the reductions in force put in place in fiscal 2009 and 2010, as well as other cost control steps taken in fiscal 2010 and the last six months of fiscal 2009. As a result of these measures, we experienced a $0.4 million reduction in payroll and related costs and a $0.8 million decrease in travel, trade shows and consulting spending. In addition, we experienced a $0.2 million decline in the level of agent fees incurred largely due to decline in revenue from customers in the Middle East. Lastly, the costs associated with our reduction in force efforts declined $0.3 million in fiscal 2010 (see the discussion of reduction in force below). Partially offsetting these decreases was a $0.1 million increase in variable compensation due to higher sales levels in fiscal 2010. 35

We expect that our sales and marketing expenses in fiscal 2012 will increase modestly from fiscal 2011 levels due to a planned increase in headcount to develop new sales opportunities for our voice services product line.

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The decrease in sales and marketing expense in fiscal 2012, as compared to fiscal 2011, was primarily due to reduced headcount and the related expenses resulting from our cost savings efforts. Compensation expense, including salaries, benefits, commissions, stock based compensation and other expenses, decreased by approximately $1.2 million as compared to fiscal 2011. Additionally, there was a reduction of approximately $0.2 million in costs to support international sales offices, including rent, consulting fees and travel. Depreciation decreased by approximately $0.2 million due to assets becoming fully depreciated and retired, facilities expense decreased by approximately $0.2 million, the result of a move to a smaller facility, and trade show expense declined approximately $0.1 million. Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase of $0.5 million in voice services related customer trials resulting from increased marketing efforts to reach a greater number of subscribers.

The decrease in sales and marketing expense for fiscal 2011 as compared to fiscal 2010 was largely due to attrition in the sales and marketing organizations resulting in part from a reduction in force that occurred during the latter part of fiscal 2010. The resulting reduction in headcount had a direct impact on base pay, variable compensation, and consulting expense, which experienced a combined reduction of approximately $1.9 million. Other headcount related expenses including travel and tradeshows accounted for an additional decrease in expense of approximately $0.6 million, which was partially offset by an increase in voice services amortization expense of approximately $0.2 million.

We expect that our sales and marketing expenses in fiscal 2013 will increase modestly from fiscal 2012 levels due to a planned increase in headcount to develop new sales opportunities for our voice services product line.

Research and Development

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011
	$s in thousands
Research and Development Expense	$	7,~~715~~190		$	107,~~561~~715		$	1210,~~633~~561		$	(~~2,846~~525	)	$	(2~~.072~~,846	)
% of Revenue		4143.61	%		4641.26	%		6746.72	%		(41.6)5 pts			(214.56) pts

Research and development expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, contract consultants, materials and supplies used in the development of voice processing products.

In fiscal 2012 research and development costs decreased by approximately $0.5 million. This decrease comprised $0.3 million in depreciation, maintenance and other equipment expense due to assets becoming fully depreciated and retired, $0.2 million in payroll and related costs due headcount reduction, $0.2 million in facilities and related expense due to smaller lab space and fewer individuals, and $0.1 million in reduced product test expense. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $0.3 million in outside services reflecting an increase in the company's outsourced technology services.

In fiscal 2011 research and development costs decreased by $2.8 million, which consists primarily of a $2.0 million decrease in headcount and consulting expense. Additionally, there was a $0.6 million decrease in depreciation expense due to an increase in fully depreciated assets, and a $0.2 million reduction primarily derived from a decrease in research and development tools and software seats.

~~The~~We ~~decline~~expect ~~in fiscal 2010 research and development spending was largely due~~ to ~~realizing~~see ~~the benefit of the reductions in force put in place in fiscal 2009 and 2010, as well as other cost control steps. As~~ a ~~result~~flat ofto ~~these~~small ~~measures,~~decrease ~~we experienced a $1.2 million reduction~~ in ~~payroll~~our ~~and~~research ~~related costs~~ and adevelopment ~~$0.4 million decrease in travel and other~~ spending. ~~In addition, we experienced a $0.2 million decline~~ in ~~depreciation due to assets being becoming fully depreciated and retired and a $0.4 million decline in reduction in force costs in~~ fiscal ~~2010~~2013 ~~(see~~as ~~the~~we ~~discussion~~continue ~~of reduction in force below). Partially offsetting these decreases was a $0.2 million increase in consulting costs~~ to ~~supplement~~implement ~~our~~cost ~~internal~~savings ~~development efforts~~measures.

~~We expect to continue to see a decrease in our research and development spending in fiscal 2012 as we continue to implement cost savings measures.~~ 36

General and Administrative

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010
	$s in thousands
General and Administrative Expense	$	4,691		$	5,466		$	6,807		$	(775	)	$	(1,341	)
% of Revenue		25.3	%		23.9	%		36.5	%		1.4 pts			(12.6) pts

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs for corporate officers, finance and human resources personnel, as well as insurance, legal, accounting and consulting costs. The decrease in fiscal 2011 general and administrative expense reflects a decrease in compensation, benefit and headcount related expense of approximately $0.5 million. Additionally, audit fees were reduced approximately $0.2 million.

The decline in spending in fiscal 2010 is largely due to realizing the benefit of the reductions in force put in place in fiscal 2009, as well as other cost control steps taken over fiscal 2010 and the last six months of fiscal 2009. As a result of these measures, we experienced a $0.4 million reduction in payroll and related costs. In addition, we experienced a $0.2 million decline in legal costs related to favorable resolution of all outstanding legal matters as of the end of fiscal 2009 and reductions in outside services and insurance costs aggregating $0.2 million. In addition, we experienced a $0.5 million decline in reduction in force related expenses primarily associated with the fiscal 2009 estimated sublease loss recorded related to vacating a portion of our Mountain View headquarters.

We expect general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2012 to be flat to modestly down as we continue to closely control spending.

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General and Administrative

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year

	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011
	$s in thousands
General and Administrative Expense	$	3,595		$	4,691		$	5,466		$	(1,096	)	$	(775	)
% of Revenue		21.6	%		25.3	%		23.9	%		(3.7) pts			1.4 pts

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs for corporate officers, finance and human resources personnel, as well as insurance, legal, accounting and consulting costs.

The decrease in fiscal 2012 general and administrative expense comprised a number of components, including a decrease in stock based compensation expense primarily due to the departure of the previous Chief Executive Officer and one other senior management team member, resulting in the reversal of previously recorded stock compensation expense of approximately $0.4 million. Additionally, audit and legal fees declined by approximately $0.4 million, due in part to expenses related to asset backed preferred equity securities litigation in the prior fiscal year. Salaries, benefits, facilities and other headcount related expense decreased by approximately $0.2 million, reflecting the results of the reduction in force at the beginning of fiscal 2012, and the Company's subsequent relocation to a smaller facility. Additionally, franchise taxes decreased by approximately $0.1 million due to a reduction in authorized shares.

The decrease in fiscal 2011 general and administrative expense reflects the results of cost control measures implemented in fiscal 2010 and throughout fiscal 2011. These resulted in a decrease in compensation, benefit and headcount related expense of approximately $0.5 million, and a reduction in audit fees of approximately $0.2 million.

Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets

	Years ended April 30,
	2011			2010			2009
	2012			2011			2010
	$s in thousands
Amortization of purchased intangible assets	$	80		$	6280		$	9762
% of revenue		0.45	%		0.34	%		0.53	%

For the years ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, we recorded amortization of purchased intangible assets related to acquisitions we made in fiscal ~~2006 and~~ 2010. We are ~~amortizing~~ amortizing purchased intangible assets to operating expense over their estimated useful lives which range from three to five years. The increase in amortization of purchased intangible assets in fiscal 2011 over fiscal 2010 is due the realization of a full year of amortization expense related to voice ~~serve~~service products in fiscal 2011, versus only a partial year in fiscal 2010.

The reduction in amortization of purchased intangible assets in fiscal 2010 from fiscal 2009 was due to the impairment of purchased intangible assets at the end of fiscal 2008. See Note 5 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 37

Stock-based Compensation.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 was as follows:

	Years ended April 30,
	2011		2010		2009
	in thousands
Cost of goods sold	$	72	$	166	$	258
Sales and marketing		387		472		439
Research and development		225		300		339
General and administrative		550		759		731
Total	$	1,234	$	1,697	$	1,767

The decline in stock-based compensation over the last two fiscal years is due to two key factors. First and foremost is the reduction in options outstanding and therefore stock-based compensation linked to the reductions in force that occurred since the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2008. The second key element of the decline is linked to the composition of the pool of options for which compensation is being recognized. As compensation related to older options, which were granted at higher fair values per share due to the stock price at the time of grant, becomes fully amortized, it is being replaced by compensation related to newer option grants which are being issued at lower fair values due to the decline in our stock price. We expect to continue to experience a declining level of expense related to stock-based compensation.

Reduction in Force and Other Charge

	Years ended April 30,
	2011			2010		2009
	in thousands
Cost of goods sold	$	—		$	256	$	31
Sales and marketing		97			64		324
Research and development		(7	)		255		614
General and administrative		—			92		602
Total	$	90		$	667	$	1,571

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~~In November~~ ~~2009,~~Stock-based weCompensation completed a reduction in force in an attempt to continue to reduce operating expenses. As a result of this reduction in force, we reduced our workforce by approximately 10%. In addition in December 2009, we completed the sublease of office space vacated in fiscal 2009 and we identified additional impairments of fixed assets, which had become idle as a result of the reduction in force. As a result of these activities, we recognized a charge in the third quarter of fiscal 2010 of approximately $0.7 million. All individuals impacted by the reduction in headcount were notified of the termination of their employment in November 2009. In fiscal 2011, the Company recognized a charge of $0.1 million for severance related to a reduction in force overseas, net of estimated outplacement services originally recorded as a part of the restructuring in the third quarter of fiscal 2010, which expired unused in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. As of April 30, 2011, substantially all of the remaining balance in the accrual for the reductions in force of $42,000 relates to the estimated loss associated with subleasing vacated space in our Mountain View Headquarters. Expense

~~In fiscal~~Stock-based ~~2009,~~compensation weexpense ~~incurred~~recognized ~~a charge of $1.6 million related to the reductions~~ in ~~force and related charges, undertaken in the second and third quarters of~~ fiscal ~~2009~~2012, in2011 an effort to reduce spending levels to coincide with the more recent declines we had experienced in our revenue. These reductions in force resulted in a 21% reduction in headcount during fiscal 2009. As a result of the cumulative reductions in force since the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the charges for fiscal 2009 included the estimated costs to vacate approximately 20% of the space in our Mountain View headquarters and the cost associated with abandoning certain idled fixed assets, resulting in charges of $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively. All severance payments associated with the fiscal 2009 reductions in force have been paid. During the second quarter of fiscal 2010, ~~$30,000~~was ofas ~~severance~~follows: ~~benefits related to outplacement services expired unused and were reversed to the same financial lines to which they were originally recorded in fiscal 2009.~~

	Years ended April 30,

	2012		2011		2010
	in thousands
Cost of revenue	$	49	$	72	$	166
Sales and marketing		206		387		472
Research and development		186		225		300
General and administrative		105		550		759

Total	$	546	$	1,234	$	1,697

The decline in stock-based compensation expense over the last two fiscal years is due to two key factors. First and foremost is the reduction in options outstanding and therefore stock-based compensation linked to the reductions in force that have occurred since fiscal 2008. The second key element of the decline is linked to the composition of the pool of options for which compensation is being recognized. As compensation related to older options, which were granted at higher fair values per share due to the stock price at the time of grant, becomes fully amortized, it is being replaced by compensation related to newer option grants which are being issued at lower fair values due to the decline in our stock price. We expect to continue to experience a declining level of expense related to stock-based compensation expense.

Reduction in Force and Other Charges

	Years ended April 30,

	2012		2011			2010
	in thousands
Cost of revenue	$	45	$	—		$	256
Sales and marketing		36		97			64
Research and development		28		(7	)		255
General and administrative		21		—			92

Total	$	130	$	90		$	667

In July of 2011, we initiated a reduction in force that was completed by October 31, 2011, in an ongoing attempt to reduce operating expenses. The affected employees were notified in July 2011. As a result, we reduced our headcount by approximately 8%, and recorded charges of approximately $130,000 for severance and related charges, $5,000 of which has not been paid as of April 30, 2012, and is included in accrued expenses at April 30, 2012. This amount represents costs for outplacement services available to the affected employees through September 2012.

In fiscal 2011, we recognized a charge of $0.1 million for severance related to a reduction in force overseas, net of estimated outplacement services originally recorded as a part of the restructuring in the third quarter of fiscal 2010, which expired unused in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. At April 30, 2011, accrued expense included a balance of $42,000 pertaining to a facility abandonment charge resulting from the reduction in force in November 2009. The related sublease expired fully on July 31, 2011.

In fiscal 2010, we completed a reduction in force in an attempt to reduce operating expenses. As a result of this reduction in force, we reduced our workforce by approximately 10%. In addition we completed the sublease of office space vacated in fiscal 2009 and we identified additional impairments of fixed assets, which had become idle as a result of the reduction in force. As a result of these activities, we recognized a charge in the third quarter of fiscal 2010 of approximately $0.7 million. All

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individuals impacted by the reduction in headcount were notified of the termination of their employment in November 2009.

Total Other Income (Expense), Net

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011
	$s in thousands
Total Other Income (Expense), Net	$	~~2,381~~10		$	~~(690~~2,381	)	$	(~~3,186~~690	)	$	3(2,~~071~~371	)	$	23,~~496~~071
% of Revenue		120.81	%		(312.08	)%		(173.10	)%		(912.87) pts			1415.18 pts

Total other income (expense), net generally consists of interest income on our invested cash and cash equivalents and investment balances, offset by other-than-temporary impairment losses on investment securities, interest on convertible debt and a nominal amount of foreign exchange losses. In fiscal 2011, other income also reflects a one time settlement related to a financial instrument of $2.5 million. Certain legal fees related to the settlement were also charged to other income, and partially offset the amount collected.

~~The~~Our ~~decrease~~fiscal in2013 ~~total~~ other income (expense), net inwill ~~fiscal~~be ~~2010~~dependent ison ~~due to a decline in the level of impairment charges recognized related to~~ our ~~auction rate security holdings in fiscal 2010 as compare to fiscal 2009, partially offset by reduced interest income due to lower yields on invested~~ cash ~~and lower cash~~ balances and ~~increased interest expense associated with~~ the ~~convertible~~movement ~~note issued in fiscal 2010 as part~~ of ~~the~~U.S. ~~Simulscribe~~interest ~~distribution agreement (see Note 6 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements)~~rates.

~~Our fiscal~~ ~~2012~~Provision ~~other~~for ~~income~~ (~~expense~~Benefit from), ~~net~~Income ~~will be dependent on our cash balances and the movement of U.S. interest rates.~~ Taxes

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year

	2012			2011			2010			2012		2011
	$s in thousands
Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes	$	2		$	(43	)	$	(33	)	$	45	$	(10	)
% of Revenue		0.0	%		(0.3	)%		(0.1	)%		0.3 pts		(0.2) pts

~~Table~~ Income taxes consist of ~~Contents~~federal, state and foreign income taxes. The tax provision for fiscal 2012, and the tax benefit for fiscal 2011 and 2010 resulted in an effective rate of less than 1%. This rate was largely impacted by the continued recording of full valuation allowances against the future tax benefits from the net operating losses generated during the year. The other factors impacting the effective tax rate were modest levels of international and state taxes, which are not directly tied to our overall operating loss but rather to the level of profitability in these tax jurisdictions.

Benefit From Income Taxes

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010
	$s in thousands
Benefit From Income Taxes	$	(43	)	$	(33	)	$	(62	)	$	(10	)	$	29
% of Revenue		(0.3	)%		(0.1	)%		(0.3	)%		(0.1) pts			0.2 pts

Income taxes consist of federal, state and foreign income taxes. The tax benefit for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 resulted in an effective rate of less than 1%. This rate was largely impacted by the continued recording of full valuation allowances against the future tax benefits from the net operating losses generated during the year. The other factors impacting the effective tax rate were modest levels of international and state taxes, which are not directly tied to our overall operating loss but rather to the level of profitability in these tax jurisdictions.

Until such time as we are able to reverse the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, we expect the effective tax rate to be at or close to 0% and be associated with minor levels of taxes for certain state and foreign jurisdictions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, we had cash and cash equivalents and investments totaling $2722.59 million, $3427.5 million and $4334.05 million, respectively. As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2420.14 million as compared to $2924.61 million at April 30, ~~2010~~2011, and $3829.6 million as of April 30, ~~2009~~2010. As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, we had $32.4 million of short-term investments as compared to $43.84 million and $04.08 million as of April 30, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, respectively. At April 30, ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, we also had $0.1 million, ~~$0.1 million~~of ~~and $4.4 million~~asset ofbacked preferred equity securities, which had been classified as long-term investments consistent with the maturities of the securities underlying the instruments, due to uncertainty as to when they may settle. The decline in our cash and investment balances over the last two years is in large part due to $34.67 million and $3.46 million of cash used by operations due to our operating losses during fiscal ~~2011~~2012 and ~~2010~~2011, respectively. Additionally, in fiscal ~~2010 we made a cash payment of $3.5 million for the acquisition of Simulscribe distribution rights, and in fiscal~~ 2011 a promissory note ~~payable to Simulscribe totaling $3.5 million was paid in full. In April 2011, we received $2.5 million in proceeds from a one time settlement related to a financial instrument.~~

As of April 30, 2011, all of our short-term and long-term investments were held in certificates of deposit and asset backed preferred equity securities. The long-term investments are tied to auction rate securities that failed to settle at auction beginning in fiscal 2008, for which there appears to be no near-term market. Although these securities would normally be classified as short-term, as they typically settle every 28 days, they have been reclassified to long-term pending them settling at auction. As of April 30, 2011, we continued to hold preferred equity securities with a par value of $10.0 million and a carrying value of $0.1 million. 39

We have a $2 million line of credit facility with our bank, which expires on July 31, 2011. We are currently in negotiations with the bank to renew the line of credit. There were no borrowings outstanding under the line of credit as of April 30, 2011. As of April 30, 2011, we were in compliance with its financial covenants.

For the last three years, we have satisfied the majority of our liquidity requirements through cash flow generated from operations, funds received upon exercise of stock options and the proceeds from our public offerings in fiscal 2000.

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payable to Simulscribe totaling $3.5 million was paid in full, and, we received $2.5 million in proceeds from a one time settlement related to a financial instrument.

As of April 30, 2012, all of our short-term and long-term investments were held in certificates of deposit and asset backed preferred equity securities. The long-term investments are tied to auction rate securities that failed to settle at auction beginning in fiscal 2008, for which there appears to be no near-term market. As of April 30, 2012, we continued to hold asset backed preferred equity securities with a par value of $10.0 million and a carrying value of $0.1 million.

We have a $2.0 million line of credit facility with our bank, which expires on July 31, 2012. There were no borrowings outstanding under the line of credit as of April 30, 2012. As of April 30, 2012, we were not in compliance with its financial covenants.

Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010
	2012			2011			2010			2012			2011
	in thousands
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities	$	(34,~~618~~642	)	$	(3,~~359~~618	)	$	(173,359	)	$	(~~259~~1,024	)	$	~~14,000~~(259	)

The negative cash flows from operations are generally associated with the operating losses reported over the last three fiscal years due in large part to ~~the~~decreased ~~soft~~ demand for our ~~products~~VQA ~~during~~products ~~this~~and ~~period~~significantly smaller margins, to date, on our PhoneTag product line. We expect PhoneTag margins to improve as the result of ~~time~~planned cost savings initiatives. In fiscal 2011, the cash used in operations was partially offset by the receipt of a $2.5 million settlement related to a financial instrument. Although we have been successful in reducing our operating expenses by means of reductions in our workforce and tighter control over discretionary spending during the last three years, the reductions have not been sufficient to return us to profitability and positive operating cash flows. Through our efforts to reduce our spending on operating expenses, we believe that as we have been able to create an environment in which our legacy business in the TDM and VoIP communications equipment are operating at near cash flow break even and that the level of cash used in operations is primarily linked to the investments we are making in our new voice services products.

Our day's sales outstanding were approximately 3040 days at ~~both~~ April 30, ~~2011~~2012 and ~~2010~~30 days at April 30, 2011.

We expect to see continued modest levels of negative cash flows from operations in the coming year based on expected continued softness in revenue, while continuing to invest in our new voice services products~~. However~~, we expect the level of negative cash flows from operations in fiscal 2012 to improve slightly from the levels experienced fiscal 2011 as we realize the savings from our most recent cost containment efforts, and asa wenew ~~continue~~generation toVQA ~~focus on cost controls and work down our inventory levels~~product.

Net Cash flows from Investing Activities

	Years ended April 30,									Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011			2010			2009			2011		2010
	2012			2011			2010			2012		2011
	in thousands
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities	$	~~(2,067~~863	)	$	(52,~~720~~067	)	$	19(5,~~638~~720	)	$	32,~~653~~942	$	~~(25~~3,~~358~~653	)

In fiscal 2012 and 2011 we invested primarily in short term certificates of deposit. The decrease in cash used for investing activities during ~~the~~both ~~year~~fiscal years was primarily due to liquidations exceeding new investments purchased during the year, a reflection of our continuing losses resulting in less cash available for investment. WeIn 2011, we also used $3.5 million in cash to make payment on a promissory ~~note~~ ~~in fiscal 2011. Additionally, we made only a nominal investment in property and equipment in fiscal 2011.~~

The increase in cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2010 is from two primary causes. The first is that in fiscal 2009 we liquidated a significant portion of our auction rate security positions. Although we did liquidate one additional auction rate security in fiscal 2010, the level of activity declined sharply year over year. This, coupled with our entering into the exclusive distribution agreement with Simulscribe, which used $3.5 million of cash and our move back into short-term certificate of deposit investments in fiscal 2010 contributed to substantially all the change. 40

We plan to continue to invest in modest levels of capital assets primarily in support of our new product development efforts.

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note. Additionally, in fiscal 2012 we made an investment of approximately $0.4 million in property and equipment.

Net Cash flows from Financing Activities

	Years ended April 30,						Increase/(Decrease) from Prior Year
	2011		2010		2009		2011			2010
	2012		2011		2010		2012			2011
	in thousands
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	$	~~113~~159	$	~~127~~113	$	~~176~~127	$	~~(14~~46	)	$	(4914	)

The limited cash flow from financing activities in fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010 was due to the limited level of option exercises during those years largely due to a large portion of the options being out-of-the-money or only marginally in-the-money due to the decline in our stock price.

We expect that cash flows from financing activities will continue to reflect negligible levels of stock option exercises due to the current price of our stock.

Commitments

We have no material commitments other than obligations under operating leases, particularly our facility lease, a colocation services agreement, and normal purchases of inventory, capital equipment and operating expenses, such as materials for research and development and consulting. We also have an earn out obligation under the Simulscribe agreement, which could be as much as $10 million depending on the level of revenues achieved during the 3-year term of the agreement. OnWe ~~April 30,~~lease ~~2011,~~our weprincipal ~~leased~~office facilities of approximately 6120,~~000~~100 square feet, ~~of space~~ in ~~the~~San ~~two buildings that form our Mountain View~~Jose, California ~~headquarters,~~under ~~which~~a ~~lease~~non-cancelable ~~term~~operating ~~runs~~lease ~~through~~expiring ~~July~~on April 3130, ~~2011~~2017. InThe ~~fiscal~~lease ~~2010,~~contains ~~we executed~~ a ~~sublease~~one oftime ~~approximately 11,200 square feet of our Mountain View~~early ~~headquarters,~~expiration ~~which~~option weafter ~~vacated~~31 months ~~in fiscal 2009 due to reduced space needs as a result~~ of ~~the cumulative effect of the reductions in force that we have completed since the second quarter of fiscal 2008~~occupancy. In ~~the~~To ~~fourth~~exercise ~~quarter~~this ~~of fiscal 2011~~option, we ~~signed~~must acomply ~~six~~with ~~month~~various ~~extension through January 31~~provisions, ~~2012,~~and onpay ~~approximately~~an ~~35,800~~expiration ~~square~~fee ~~feet~~which ofcomprises ~~our~~the ~~Mountain~~unamortized ~~View~~portion ~~headquarters~~of ~~to allow us to more fully~~any ~~explore~~commissions, ~~our~~legal ~~space~~fees, ~~requirements~~free rent and ~~facility~~leasehold ~~options~~improvements. ~~Our~~We ~~remaining~~are ~~lease~~responsible ~~obligation~~for ~~as of April 30~~taxes, ~~2011,~~insurance ~~was~~and ~~approximately~~maintenance ~~$0.5 million~~expenses ~~net~~related ofto ~~sublease~~the ~~payments~~leased facilities.

We believe that we will be able to satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next twelve to eighteen months from our existing cash and short-term investments. The ability to fund our operations beyond the next twelve to eighteen months will depend on the overall demand of telecommunications providers for new capital equipment and the successful expansion of our voice to text business. Should we continue to experience significantly reduced levels of customer demand for our products compared to historical levels of purchases, we could need to find additional sources of cash during the latter part of fiscal ~~2012~~2013 or be forced to further reduce our spending levels to protect our cash reserves.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, we did not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303 of SEC Regulation S-K.

Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not Required

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Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

DITECH NETWORKS, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND OTHER DATA

		Page
Consolidated Financial Statements of Ditech Networks, Inc.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		4743
Consolidated Balance Sheets		4844
Consolidated Statements of Operations		4945
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity		5046
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		5147
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		5248
Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts		7976

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders Ditech Networks, Inc. ~~Mountain~~San ~~View~~Jose, California

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ditech Networks, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("the Company") as of April 30, ~~2011~~2012 and ~~2010~~2011 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule II included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K at Part II Item 8. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the ~~responsibility~~ responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Ditech Networks, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of April 30, ~~2011~~2012 and ~~2010~~2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

/s/ BURR PILGER MAYER, INC.

San Jose, California July 2827, ~~2011~~2012

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DITECH NETWORKS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data)

		April 30,		~~April 30,~~
				2011			2010
		2012			2011
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	~~Cash and cash equivalents~~	$	20,442	$	~~24,062~~$	24,062	$	~~29,634~~
Short-term investments	~~Short-term investments~~		2,400		~~3,360~~	3,360		~~4,800~~
	Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $249 and $250 at April 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively				1,851			2,440
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $66 and $249 at April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively			2,493			1,851
Inventories	~~Inventories~~		2,375		~~4,689~~	4,689		~~5,985~~
Other current assets	~~Other current assets~~		302		~~327~~	327		~~690~~
Total current assets		~~Total current assets~~	28,012		~~34,289~~	34,289		~~43,549~~
Long-term investments			100		~~100~~	100		~~100~~
Property and equipment, net			855		~~1,164~~	1,164		~~2,370~~
Purchased intangibles, net			61		~~441~~	441		~~522~~
Other assets			2,934		~~4,724~~	4,724		~~6,413~~
Total assets		~~Total assets~~$	31,962	$	~~40,718~~$	40,718	$	~~52,954~~
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	~~Accounts payable~~	$	1,734	$	~~858~~$	858	$	~~892~~
Accrued and other liabilities	~~Accrued and other liabilities~~		1,291		~~1,632~~	1,632		~~2,695~~
Deferred revenue	~~Deferred revenue~~		948		~~530~~	530		~~890~~
	Current portion of long-term debt				—			160
Income taxes payable			45			50
	Income taxes payable				50			66
Total current liabilities			4,018			3,070
		Total current liabilities			3,070			4,703
Long term accrued liabilities			174			—
Long term accrued expenses					—			3,505
Total liabilities			4,192			3,070
		Total liabilities			3,070			8,208
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value: 5,000 shares authorized and none issued and outstanding at April 30, 2012 and 2011			—			—
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value: 5,000 shares authorized and none issued and outstanding at April 30, 2011 and 2010					—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value: 55,000 shares authorized and 26,759 and 26,545 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively			26			26
Common stock, $0.001 par value: 200,000 shares authorized and 26,545 and 26,393 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively					26			26
Additional paid-in capital			269,053			268,348
Additional paid-in capital					268,348			267,044
Accumulated deficit			(241,309	)		(230,726	)
Accumulated deficit					(230,726	)		(222,324	)
Total stockholders' equity			27,770			37,648
		Total stockholders' equity			37,648			44,746
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity		$	31,962		$	40,718
	Total liabilities and stockholders' equity			$	40,718		$	52,954

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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DITECH NETWORKS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

		Years ended April 30,			~~Years ended April 30,~~
					2011			2010			2009
		2012			2011			2010
Revenue
Product revenue	~~Product revenue~~	$	7,224		$	11,219		$	18,143		$	~~14,313~~
Service revenue	~~Service revenue~~		9,447			7,344			4,721			~~4,335~~
Total revenue		~~Total revenue~~	16,671			18,563			22,864			~~18,648~~
Cost of goods sold(1)
Cost of revenue(1)
Cost of product revenue	~~Cost of product revenue~~		4,192			4,541			9,393			~~10,506~~
Cost of service revenue	~~Cost of service revenue~~		6,134			4,881			1,831			~~766~~
		Total cost of goods sold				9,422			11,224			11,272
Total cost of revenue			10,326			9,422			11,224
Gross profit	~~Gross profit~~		6,345			9,141			11,640			~~7,376~~
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing(1)	~~Sales and marketing(1)~~		6,071			7,481			9,772			~~11,511~~
Research and development(1)	~~Research and development(1)~~		7,190			7,715			10,561			~~12,633~~
General and administrative(1)	~~General and administrative(1)~~		3,595			4,691			5,466			~~6,807~~
Amortization of purchased intangible assets	~~Amortization of purchased intangible assets~~		80			80			62			97
Total operating expenses		~~Total operating expenses~~	16,936			19,967			25,861			~~31,048~~
Operating loss			(10,591	)		(10,826	)		(14,221	)		~~(23,672~~	)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income	~~Interest income~~		35			73			390			~~1,550~~
Other income (expense), net	~~Other income (expense), net~~		(25	)		2,308			(1,080	)		~~(4,736~~	)
Total other income (expense), net		~~Total other income (expense), net~~	10			2,381			(690	)		~~(3,186~~	)
Loss before benefit from income taxes						(8,445	)		(14,911	)		(26,858	)
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes			(10,581	)		(8,445	)		(14,911	)
Benefit from income taxes						(43	)		(33	)		(62	)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes			2			(43	)		(33	)
Net loss		$	(10,583	)	$	(8,402	)	$	(14,878	)	$	~~(26,796~~	)
Per share data
Basic	~~Basic~~
Net loss		$	~~Net loss~~($0.40	)	$	(0.32	)	$	(0.57	)	$	~~(1.03~~	)
Diluted	~~Diluted~~
Net loss		$	~~Net loss~~($0.40	)	$	(0.32	)	$	(0.57	)	$	~~(1.03~~	)
Number of shares used in per share calculations:
Basic	~~Basic~~		26,658			26,370			26,210			~~26,082~~
Diluted	~~Diluted~~		26,658			26,370			26,210			~~26,082~~

(1)Employee stock-based compensation expense was as follows for the periods presented above:

Cost of goods sold	$	72	$	166	$	258
Cost of revenue	$	49	$	72	$	166
Sales and marketing		~~387~~206		~~472~~387		~~439~~472
Research and development		~~225~~186		~~300~~225		~~339~~300
General and administrative		~~550~~105		~~759~~550		~~731~~759

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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DITECH NETWORKS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands)

		Common Stock			~~Common Stock~~									Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			~~Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~
								Additional Paid-In Capital			~~Additional~~Accumulated ~~Paid-In Capital~~Deficit			~~Accumulated Deficit~~
		Shares			~~Shares~~Amount			~~Amount~~									Total			~~Total~~
Balances, April 30, 2008						26,090		$	26		$	263,254		$	(180,650	)	$	(580	)	$	82,050
Balances, April 30, 2009			26,257		$	26		$	265,185		$	(207,446	)	$	(329	)	$	57,436
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans			156			~~125~~—			—127			~~176~~—			—			—127			~~176~~
Restricted stock issued, net of cancellations			(20	)		42—			—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation expense						—			—			1,755			—			—			1,755
Value of warrant issued in conjunction with acquisition			—			—			35			—			—			35
Comprehensive loss:
Stock-based compensation expense			—			—			1,697			—			—			1,697
	Unrealized gain on available for sale investment securities					—			—			—			—			251			251
Comprehensive loss:
	Net loss					—			—			—			(26,796	)		—			(26,796	)
Unrealized gain on available for sale investment securities			—			—			—			—			329			329
		Total comprehensive loss																			(26,545	)
Net loss			—			—			—			(14,878	)		—			(14,878	)
Balances, April 30, 2009						26,257			26			265,185			(207,446	)		(329	)		57,436
Total comprehensive loss																		(14,549	)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans						156			—			127			—			—			127
Balances, April 30, 2010			26,393			26			267,044			(222,324	)		—			44,746
Restricted stock issued, net of cancellations						(20	)		—			—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans			98			—			113			—			—			113
Value of warrant issued in conjunction with acquisition						—			—			35			—			—			35
Restricted stock issued, net of cancellations			85			—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation expense			—			—			—1,232			~~1,697~~—			—			—1,232			~~1,697~~
Comprehensive loss:
Shares traded for restricted stock taxes			(31	)		—			(41	)		—			—			(41	)
	Unrealized gain on available for sale investment securities					—			—			—			—			329			329
Comprehensive loss:
	Net loss					—			—			—			(14,878	)		—			(14,878	)
Unrealized gain on available for sale investment securities			—			—			—			—			—			—
			Total comprehensive loss																		(14,549	)
Net loss			—			—			—			(8,402	)		—			(8,402	)
Balances, April 30, 2010						26,393			26			267,044			(222,324	)		—			44,746
Total comprehensive loss																		(8,402	)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans						98			—			113			—			—			113
Balances, April 30, 2011			26,545			26			268,348			(230,726	)		—			37,648
Restricted stock issued, net of cancellations						85			—			—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans			210			—			159			—			—			159
Stock-based compensation expense						—			—			1,232			—			—			1,232
Restricted stock issued, net of cancellations			4			—			—			—			—			—
Shares traded for restricted stock taxes						(31	)					(41	)								(41	)
Stock-based compensation expense			—			—			546			—			—			546
	Net loss					—			—			—			(8,402	)		—			(8,402	)
Comprehensive loss:
			Total comprehensive loss												(8,402	)					(8,402	)
Net loss			—			—			—			(10,583	)		—			(10,583	)
Balances, April 30, 2011						26,545		$	26		$	268,348		$	(230,726	)	$	—		$	37,648
Total comprehensive loss																		(10,583	)
Balances, April 30, 2012			26,759		$	26		$	269,053		$	(241,309	)	$	—		$	27,770

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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DITECH NETWORKS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

		Years ended April 30,				~~Years ended April 30,~~
						2011			2010			2009
		2012			2011			2010
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	~~Net loss~~	$	(10,583	)	$	$(8,402	~~(8,402~~)	)$	$(14,878	~~(14,878~~)	)	$	~~(26,796~~	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:	~~Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:~~
Depreciation and amortization		~~Depreciation and amortization~~	2,527			2,678	~~2,678~~		2,721	~~2,721~~			~~2,339~~
Accretion of interest on convertible debt		~~Accretion of interest on convertible debt~~	—			168	~~168~~		102	~~102~~			—
		Loss on disposal of property and equipment					74			—			14
Net gain on disposal of purchased intangibles and property and equipment			1			74			—
Loss on disposal of property and equipment related to restructuring		~~Loss on disposal of property and equipment related to restructuring~~	—			—	—		106	~~106~~			~~262~~
Stock-based compensation expense		~~Stock-based compensation expense~~	546			1,234	~~1,234~~		1,697	~~1,697~~			~~1,767~~
Amortization of purchased intangibles		~~Amortization of purchased intangibles~~	80			80	80		62	62			97
Impairment on investment securities		~~Impairment on investment securities~~	—			—	—		977	~~977~~			~~4,757~~
Changes in assets and liabilities:		~~Changes in assets and liabilities:~~
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts			~~Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts~~(642	)		590	~~590~~		2,047	~~2,047~~			~~807~~
Inventories			~~Inventories~~2,314			1,293	~~1,293~~		5,639	~~5,639~~			~~1,977~~
			Other current assets				449			(122	)		97
Other assets			(7	)		449			(122	)
Income taxes payable			~~Income taxes payable~~(5	)		(16	~~(16~~)	)	(17	~~(17~~)	)		~~(146~~	)
Accounts payable			~~Accounts payable~~876			(34	~~(34~~)	)	(925	~~(925~~)	)		~~(313~~	)
Accrued expenses and other accrued liabilities			~~Accrued expenses and other accrued liabilities~~(167	)		(1,372	~~(1,372~~)	)	(927	~~(927~~)	)		~~(1,678~~	)
Deferred revenue			~~Deferred revenue~~418			(360	~~(360~~)	)	159	~~159~~			~~(543~~	)
Net cash used in operating activities			(4,642	~~Net cash used in operating activities~~)		(3,618	~~(3,618~~)	)	(3,359	~~(3,359~~)	)		~~(17,359~~	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		~~Purchases of property and equipment~~	(396	)		(44	~~(44~~)	)	(646	~~(646~~)	)		~~(938~~	)
Purchase of available for sale investments		~~Purchase of available for sale investments~~	(6,720	)		(7,920	~~(7,920~~)	)	(4,800	~~(4,800~~)	)		~~(83~~	)
Sales and maturities of available for sale investments		~~Sales and maturities of available for sale investments~~	7,680			9,360	~~9,360~~		3,700	~~3,700~~			~~20,659~~
Establishment of exclusive distribution agreement		~~Establishment of exclusive distribution agreement~~	—			—			(3,540	~~(3,540~~)	)		—
Payment on convertible note		~~Payment on convertible note~~	—			(3,475	~~(3,475~~)	)	—				—
		Acquisition of Grid.com, net of cash received					—			(508	)		—
Acquisition of Grid Communication Services, Inc., net of cash received			—			—			(508	)
		Net refund of lease deposits					12			74			—
Proceeds from sale of purchased intangibles and property and equipment			299			—			—
				Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities			(2,067	)		(5,720	)		19,638
Net refund of lease deposits			—			12			74
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities			863			(2,067	)		(5,720	)
		Proceeds from employee stock plan issuances					113			127			176
Cash flows from financing activities:
				Net cash provided by financing activities			113			127			176
Proceeds from employee stock plan issuances			159			113			127
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents							(5,572	)		(8,952	)		2,455
Net cash provided by financing activities			159			113			127
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year							29,634			38,586			36,131
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(3,620	)		(5,572	)		(8,952	)
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year						$	24,062		$	29,634		$	38,586
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year			24,062			29,634			38,586
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year		$	20,442		$	24,062		$	29,634

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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DITECH NETWORKS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS

Ditech Networks, Inc. (the "Company" or "Ditech") designs, develops and markets telecommunications equipment and services for use in wireline, wireless, satellite and Internet Protocol ("IP") telecommunications networks. The Company's products enhance and monitor voice quality and provide security in the delivery of voice services. In addition, the Company has entered the voice services market of telecommunications by developing and marketing voice products that can be used by phone customers to interact with web-based applications using their voice instead of some form of keyboard interface device and to have voice messages transcribed into textual messages. The Company has established a direct sales force that sells its products in the U.S. and internationally. In addition, the Company is expanding its use of value added resellers and distributors in an effort to broaden its sales channels. This expanded use of value added resellers and distributors has occurred primarily in the Company's international markets.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") amended the accounting standards for revenue recognition to remove tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver the product's essential functionality from the scope of industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance. Also in October 2009, the FASB amended the accounting standards for multiple-deliverable arrangements to (i) provide updated guidance on how the elements in a multiple-deliverable arrangement should be separated, and how the consideration should be allocated; (ii) require an entity to allocate revenue amongst the elements in an arrangement using estimated selling prices ("ESP") if a vendor does not have vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") or third-party evidence ("TPE") of the selling price; and (iii) eliminate the use of the residual method and require an entity to allocate revenue using the relative selling price method.

VSOE for elements of an arrangement is based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices for those services when sold separately. In determining VSOE, the Company requires that a substantial majority of the selling prices for an element falls within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by a substantial majority of such historical stand-alone transactions falling within a reasonably narrow range of the median rates. In addition, the Company considers major service groups, geographies, customer classifications, and other variables in determining VSOE.

TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. The Company is typically not able to determine TPE for the Company's products or services. Generally, the

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Company's go-to-market strategy differs from that of the Company's peers and the Company's offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality cannot be obtained. Furthermore, the Company is unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products' selling prices are on a stand-alone basis.

When the Company is unable to establish the selling price of its elements using VSOE or TPE, the Company uses ESP in its allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of ESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. The Company determines ESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, pricing policies, internal costs, gross margin objectives, competitive landscapes, geographies, customer classes and distribution channels.

The Company adopted this accounting guidance at the beginning of its first quarter of the fiscal year ended April 30, 2012, for applicable arrangements originating or materially modified after April 30, 2011. The Company currently only enters into multiple element arrangements within the Voice Quality Enhancement segment as mentioned in Note 11 of these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The adoption of these accounting standards has not had a material impact on revenue recognized since adoption.

The Company's revenue in multiple element arrangements in the Voice Quality Enhancement segment are derived primarily from two sources: (i) product revenue which consists of hardware and software, and (ii) related support and service revenue. The Company's products are telecommunications hardware with embedded software components such that the software functions together with the hardware to provide the essential functionality of the product. Therefore, the Company's hardware deliverables are considered to be non-software elements and are excluded from the scope of industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance.

Although the Company cannot reasonably estimate the effect of the adoption on future financial periods as the impact may vary depending on the nature and volume of future sale contracts, this guidance does not generally change the units of accounting for the Company's revenue transactions. The Company's hardware (including essential software) products and services qualify as separate units of accounting because they have value to the customer on a stand-alone basis and the Company's revenue arrangements generally do not include a general right of return relative to delivered products. The Company's hardware (including essential software) is valued using ESP as mentioned above based on internal pricing policies. The Company's services (which include annual service maintenance and installation services) are valued using VSOE as mentioned above based upon the contractually stated annual renewal rate.

The Company generally recognizes product revenue, including shipping charges, when: persuasive evidence of a definitive agreement exists; shipment to the customer has occurred; title and all risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer; acceptance terms, if any have been fulfilled; no significant contractual obligations remain outstanding; the fee is fixed or determinable; and collection is reasonably assured.

Service revenue includes revenue from maintenance service contracts and revenue from the Company's voice services. Revenue associated with service contracts is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Revenue from the Company's voice services ~~are~~is recognized on a monthly basis as services are provided. When a sale involves multiple elements, such as sales of products that include services, the entire fee from the arrangement is allocated to each respective element based on its relative fair value and recognized when revenue recognition criteria for each element are met. Fair value for each element is established based on the sales price charged when the same element is sold separately.

In the event that a shipment transaction does not meet all of the criteria for revenue recognition it is recorded as deferred revenue in the ~~Consolidated~~consolidated ~~Balance~~balance ~~Sheet~~sheet. To the extent that the Company has received cash for some or all of a given deferred revenue transaction, the Company reports it in the ~~Consolidated~~consolidated ~~Balance~~balance ~~Sheet~~sheets as deferred revenue. However, to the extent that the Company has not

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collected cash related to the deferred revenue transaction, the Company reflects the deferred revenue as a reduction in the corresponding account receivable balance.

The Company records transaction-based taxes including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and excise taxes, on a net basis in its consolidated statements of operations.

Cost of ~~Goods Sold~~revenue

Cost of ~~goods~~revenue ~~sold~~ related to product revenue ~~is comprised~~ primarily consists of costs of material, labor including stock-based compensation expense, overhead, shipping costs, warranty and inventory write-downs. Costs of service revenue ~~is comprised~~ primarily consists of labor cost, royalties for licensed technology used in the Company's voice services, ~~third~~ third party service provider costs and amortization of the Simulscribe distribution rights intangible asset.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company evaluates the trends in customers' payment patterns, including review of specific delinquent accounts, changes in business conditions and external communications available about customers to estimate the level of allowance that is needed to address potential losses that the Company may incur due to the customer's inability to pay. Accounts are considered delinquent or past due, if they have not been paid within the terms provided on the invoice. Delinquent account balances are written off after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable.

Warranties

The Company currently offers a hardware warranty on all of its products with terms generally ranging from ~~two~~one to five years and software warranty with terms generally ranging from ninety days to one year. The warranty generally provides that the Company will repair or replace any defective product and provide software bug fixes within the warranty period. A provision for the estimated future cost of warranty is made at the time product revenue is recognized, based on the Company's experience and expectations of future conditions.

Research and Development

Research and development costs include salaries and salary-related expenses, outside consulting, facilities, consumable materials and allocated corporate costs, which are expensed as incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Management believes that the financial institutions in which it maintains deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these deposits. Substantially all of the Company's cash and cash equivalents are held by ~~four~~three major financial institutions. The Company's deposits are generally in excess of federally insured amounts.

Investments

Investment securities that have maturities of more than three months at the date of purchase but current maturities of less than one year, and auction rate securities which management typically has settled on 7, 28 or 35 day auction cycles, are considered short-term investments. Long-term investment securities include any investments with remaining maturities of one year or more and auction rate

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securities that failed to settle since fiscal 2008, for which conditions leading to their failure to auction create uncertainty that they will settle in the near-term. Short- and long-term investments consist primarily of certificates of deposit, corporate notes and asset backed preferred equity securities. The Company's investment securities are maintained at a major financial institution, are classified as available-for-sale, and are recorded on the ~~Consolidated~~consolidated ~~Balance~~balance ~~Sheets~~sheets at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders' equity, net of tax. If the Company sells its investments prior to their maturity, it may record a realized gain or loss in the period the sale took place. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. In fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, the Company realized no gains or losses on its investments. In fiscal 2011, the Company received a $2.5 million settlement related to an investment which is recorded in other income (expense), net.

The Company evaluates its investments periodically for possible other-than-temporary impairment by reviewing factors such as the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been below its cost-basis, the financial condition of the issuer and the Company's ability to hold the investment for a period of time, which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery of the market value. To the extent that the historical cost of the available for sale security exceeds the estimated fair market value, and the decline in value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded in the ~~Consolidated~~consolidated ~~Statement~~statements of ~~Operations~~operations.

Fair Value of Financial Investments

Carrying amounts of certain of the Company's financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities are considered to approximate fair value based on their short time to maturity.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost or market value. Standard cost approximates cost as determined by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, excessive levels, deterioration and other factors in evaluating net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which differ by asset category:

•: Furniture & fixtures: 5 years
•: Equipment: 2 - 5 years
•: Software: 3 years
•: Leasehold improvements: Shorter of 5 years or remaining lease period

Upon disposal, the assets and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the Company's accounts, and the resulting gains or losses are reflected in the statements of operations.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that carrying amounts of long-lived assets, including intangible assets, may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances arise, the Company assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying ~~amount of the assets in question, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of~~

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~~the carrying~~ amount ~~over the fair value~~ of the assets. ~~Following~~in ~~the criteria of disclosures of segment information and the accounting for goodwill and other intangibles~~question, the Company ~~views~~recognizes ~~itself~~an ~~as having a single operating segment and reporting unit and consequently has evaluated its goodwill for~~ impairment loss based on ~~an evaluation of~~ the ~~fair~~excess ~~value~~ of the ~~Company~~carrying asamount aover ~~whole. The Company's quoted share price from NASDAQ is~~ the ~~basis for measurement of that~~ fair value, asof the ~~Company's market capitalization based on share price best represents the amount at which the Company could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties~~assets.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its amortizable purchased intangible assets based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the related asset group and its eventual disposition. The asset group represents the lowest level for which cash flows are largely independent of cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets that the Company expects to hold and use is based on the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. ~~In fiscal 2011 the Company wrote off $0.1million of damaged equipment that it had been unable to sell.~~

Certain Risks and Concentrations

The Company's products are concentrated in the telecommunications equipment industry, which is highly competitive and rapidly changing. Revenue from the Company's products is concentrated with a relatively limited number of customers. Sales for fiscal ~~2011~~2012 included three customers that accounted for greater than 10% of revenue (2829%, 1413% and 1312%) as compared to sales for fiscal ~~2010~~2011 which included three customers that accounted for greater than 10% of revenue (3028%, 1614% and 13%) and sales in fiscal ~~2009~~2010 which were concentrated in three customers (2230%, 1216% and 1113%). Net revenue from customers outside the United States, which was primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, was 1918%, 2819% and 5428% in fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, respectively. The Company's gross accounts receivable were concentrated ~~with~~in ~~two~~one ~~customers~~customer at April 30, ~~2011~~2012 (representing 2146% ~~and 37%~~ of receivables) and two customers at April 30, ~~2010~~ 2011 (representing 6121% and 1537% of receivables). The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally requires no collateral from its customers. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based on the expected collectibility of accounts receivable.

A significant component of one of the Company's products is purchased from a sole supplier. If the Company were unable to obtain the component at prices reasonable to the Company, it would experience delays in redesigning the product to function with a component from an alternative supplier. The Company relies on one manufacturer for the assembly of the majority of the Company's products. The Company may experience delays if it were to shift production to an alternative supplier.

Income Taxes

The provision for income tax comprises the Company's current tax liability and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more-likely-than-not be realized. The Company regularly examines factors that could impact the realization of such deferred tax assets (e.g. ongoing operating losses or limitation to net operating loss and research credit utilization as a result of changes of ownership pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382). In ~~the fourth quarter of~~ fiscal 2008, the Company determined that factors existed that raised sufficient doubt as to the recovery of its recorded deferred tax assets and therefore began establishing a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. The valuation allowances created in fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010 were $34.91 million, $53.29 million and $105.02 million, respectively.

55 The Company's income tax calculations are based on application of the respective U.S. federal, state or foreign tax laws. The Company's tax filings, however, are subject to audit by the respective tax authorities. Accordingly, the Company recognizes tax liabilities based on its estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due when such estimates are more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. To the extent the final tax liabilities are different than the amounts originally

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~~The Company's income tax calculations are based on application of the respective U.S. federal~~accrued, ~~state or foreign tax laws. The Company's tax filings, however, are subject to audit by the~~ ~~respective tax authorities. Accordingly,~~ the Company recognizes tax liabilities based on its estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due when such estimates are more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. To the extent the final tax liabilities are different than the amounts originally accrued, the increases or decreases are recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of all of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Translation adjustments resulting from remeasuring the foreign currency denominated financial statements of subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar are included in operations. Gains or losses resulting from transactions denominated in currency other than the functional currency are recorded in net loss and have not been material.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss for fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010 was ($810.46) million, ($148.54) million and ($2614.5) million, respectively, and included the impact of unrealized gains and losses on available for sale investment securities, net of tax.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred and the amounts were not material for any of the periods presented.

Computation of Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less shares subject to repurchase, which are considered contingently issuable shares. Diluted loss per share ~~for the years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009~~ is calculated excluding the effects of all potentially dilutive securities, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of the historical basic and diluted net loss per share follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

		Years ended April 30,	~~Years ended April 30,~~
			2011			2010			2009
		2012			2011			2010
Historical net loss:
Net loss		$	$(10,583	~~(8,402~~)	)$	$(8,402	~~(14,878~~)	)$	$(14,878	~~(26,796~~)	)
Basic loss per share:
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding	~~Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding~~		26,658	~~26,377~~		26,377	~~26,238~~		26,238	~~26,148~~
Less stock subject to repurchase	~~Less stock subject to repurchase~~		—	7		7	28		28	66
Shares used in calculation of basic loss per share	~~Shares used in calculation of basic loss per share~~		26,658	~~26,370~~		26,370	~~26,210~~		26,210	~~26,082~~
Net loss per share	~~Net loss per share~~	$	$(0.40	~~(0.32~~)	)$	$(0.32	~~(0.57~~)	)$	$(0.57	~~(1.03~~)	)
Diluted loss per share:
Shares used in calculation of basic loss per share	~~Shares used in calculation of basic loss per share~~		26,658	~~26,370~~		26,370	~~26,210~~		26,210	~~26,082~~
Shares used in calculation of diluted loss per share	~~Shares used in calculation of diluted loss per share~~		26,658	~~26,370~~		26,370	~~26,210~~		26,210	~~26,082~~
Net loss per share	~~Net loss per share~~	$	$(0.40	~~(0.32~~)	)$	$(0.32	~~(0.57~~)	)$	$(0.57	~~(1.03~~)	)

56 The computation of diluted net loss per share excluded the following number of shares underlying options and restricted stock, as their effect was anti-dilutive: 4,674,000 shares in fiscal 2012, 5,305,000 shares in fiscal 2011 and 5,895,000 shares in fiscal 2010. The diluted net loss per share calculation also excludes the impact of 100,000 shares potentially issuable under the warrant issued as part of the Grid

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~~The~~acquisition. ~~computation~~Fiscal of diluted net loss per share excluded the following number of shares underlying options, restricted stock and shares issuable upon the conversion of debt, as their effect was anti-dilutive: 5,305,000 shares in fiscal 2011, ~~5,895,000 shares in fiscal 2010~~ and ~~6,001,000 shares in fiscal 2009. The diluted net loss per share for fiscal 2011 and~~ 2010 also exclude ~~the impact of the~~ 1,000,000 shares potentially issuable upon conversion of Simulscribe's convertible note payable ~~and 100,000 shares potentially issuable under the warrant issued as part of the Grid acquisition~~.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the fair value of the actual awards vested or expected to vest. Stock-based compensation expense for all periods presented, for stock-based payment awards granted subsequent to April 30, 2006, is based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of current stock-based compensation guidance. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company's ~~Consolidated~~consolidated ~~Statements~~statements of ~~Operations~~operations for fiscal 2010 ~~and 2009~~ included compensation expense for stock-based payment awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of, April 30, 2006, the date of adoption of stock-based compensation accounting, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the predecessor stock-based compensation guidance. Effective May 1, 2006, the Company changed its accounting policy of attributing the fair value of stock-based compensation to expense from the accelerated multiple-option approach provided by the predecessor stock-based compensation guidance, to the straight-line single-option approach. Compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards expected to vest that were granted on or prior to April 30, 2006 were recognized using the accelerated attribution method. Compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards expected to vest that were granted or modified subsequent to April 30, 2006 is recognized on a straight-line basis. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The fair value of stock option awards is estimated on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair-value of stock option awards. The value of the portion of the option that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company's ~~Consolidated~~consolidated ~~Statement~~statements of ~~Operations~~operations.

The fair value of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs") is the product of the number of shares granted and the grant date fair value of the Company's stock. ~~Restricted~~ ~~stock~~RSAs ~~awards~~ and RSUs are converted into shares of the Company's common stock upon vesting on a one-for-one basis. Typically, vesting of ~~restricted~~RSAs ~~stock awards~~ and RSUs is subject to the employee's continuing service to the Company. ~~Restricted~~RSAs ~~stock awards~~ and RSUs generally vest over athree ~~period~~or of four ~~years~~ year periods and are expensed ratably on a straight-line basis over their respective vesting period net of estimated forfeitures

In the periods presented, the Company has issued non-vested stock options and restricted stock units with performance goals to certain senior members of management. The number of non-vested stock options or non-vested restricted stock units underlying each award may be determined based on a range of attainment within defined performance goals. The Company is required to estimate the attainment that will be achieved related to the defined performance goals and number of non-vested stock options or non-vested restricted stock units that will ultimately be awarded in order to recognize compensation expense over the vesting period. If the Company's initial estimates of performance goal attainment change, the related expense may fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on those estimates and if the performance goals are not met, no compensation cost will be recognized and any previously recognized compensation cost will be reversed. In fiscal 2012, the Company reversed approximately $0.1 million of previously recognized expense on unvested stock options and RSUs related to certain performance grants, due to the previous chief executive officer's departure from the Company's board of directors.

There was no tax benefit from the exercise of stock options related to deductions in excess of compensation cost recognized in fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010. The Company reflects the tax savings resulting from tax deductions in excess of expense reflected in its financial statements as a financing cash flow.

5754

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resulting from tax deductions in excess of expense reflected in its financial statements as a financing cash flow.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In ~~Recent~~September 2011, the Financial Accounting ~~Guidance~~Standards ~~Not~~Board ~~Yet~~("FASB") ~~Effective~~ issued an update to existing guidance on the assessment of goodwill impairment. This amendment is intended to reduce the cost and complexity of the annual goodwill impairment test by providing entities an option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. If an entity concludes that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the two-step goodwill impairment test is required. Otherwise, the two-step goodwill impairment test is not required. This standard is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011, and early adoption is permitted if an entity's financial statements for the most recent annual or interim period have not yet been issued. The Company will adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2013 and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In June ~~October 2009~~2011, the FASB issued ~~authoritative~~a ~~guidance~~new onaccounting ~~revenue~~standard ~~recognition~~to ~~that~~improve ~~will become effective for~~ the ~~Company~~comparability ~~beginning May 1,~~and ~~2011,~~transparency ~~with~~of ~~earlier~~financial ~~adoption~~reporting ~~permitted.~~and ~~Under~~to increase the ~~new~~prominence ~~guidance~~of onitems ~~arrangements~~reported ~~that~~in ~~include~~other comprehensive ~~software~~income. ~~elements,~~The ~~tangible~~new ~~products~~standard ~~that~~requires ~~have~~companies ~~software components that are essential~~ to ~~the functionality~~present of the ~~tangible~~components ~~product will no longer be within the scope~~ of ~~the~~net ~~software~~income ~~revenue~~and ~~recognition~~other ~~guidance,~~comprehensive ~~and~~income ~~software-enabled~~either ~~products~~as ~~will~~one ~~now~~continuous bestatement ~~subject~~or toas ~~other~~two ~~relevant~~separate ~~revenue recognition~~but ~~guidance~~consecutive statements. ~~Additionally,~~It eliminates the ~~FASB~~option ~~issued~~to ~~authoritative~~report ~~guidance~~other oncomprehensive ~~revenue~~income ~~arrangements~~and ~~with~~its ~~multiple~~components ~~deliverables~~as ~~that~~part ~~are~~of ~~outside~~ the ~~scope~~statement of ~~the~~changes ~~software~~in ~~revenue~~shareholders' ~~recognition guidance~~equity. ~~Under~~ ~~the~~This ~~new~~standard ~~guidance,~~is ~~when~~effective ~~vendor specific objective evidence or third party evidence~~ for ~~deliverables~~fiscal inyears, and aninterim ~~arrangement~~periods ~~cannot~~within bethose ~~determined~~years, abeginning ~~best~~after ~~estimate~~December 15, of2011. ~~the~~Early ~~selling~~adoption ~~price~~ is ~~required~~permitted, ~~to separate deliverables~~ and ~~allocate~~full ~~arrangement~~retrospective ~~consideration~~application ~~using~~is ~~the relative selling price method~~required. The ~~new~~Company ~~guidance~~will ~~includes~~adopt ~~new~~this ~~disclosure~~standard ~~requirements~~in the onfirst ~~how~~quarter ~~the~~of ~~application~~fiscal ofyear ~~the~~2013 ~~relative selling~~and ~~price~~does ~~method~~not ~~affects~~expect the ~~timing~~adoption ~~and~~to ~~amount~~have ofa ~~revenue~~material ~~recognition.~~impact ~~The~~on ~~Company is currently assessing~~ the ~~potential~~consolidated ~~effect~~financial position, ifresults ~~any,~~of onoperations ~~its~~or ~~financial~~cash ~~statements~~flows.

In ~~April~~May ~~2010~~2011, the ~~Financial~~FASB ~~Accounting~~issued ~~Standards~~a ~~Board~~revised ~~(FASB)~~accounting ~~issued~~standard. ~~new~~This ~~authoritative~~amendment ~~guidance~~provides ona consistent definition of fair value and ensures that the ~~milestone~~fair ~~method~~value ofmeasurement ~~revenue~~and ~~recognition~~disclosure requirements are similar between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and International Financial Reporting Standards. The ~~milestone~~amendment ~~method~~clarifies ~~applies~~the toapplication ~~research~~of existing fair value measurements and ~~development~~disclosures, ~~arrangements~~and inchanges ~~which~~certain ~~one~~principles or ~~more~~requirements ~~payments~~for ~~are~~fair ~~contingent~~value ~~upon~~measurements ~~achieving~~and ~~uncertain~~disclosures. ~~future~~The ~~events~~amendment orchanges ~~circumstances.~~certain ~~This~~fair ~~guidance~~value ~~defines~~measurement aprinciples ~~milestone~~ and ~~provides~~enhances ~~criteria~~the ~~for~~disclosure ~~determining~~requirements ~~whether~~particularly ~~the~~for ~~milestone~~level 3 ~~method~~fair isvalue ~~appropriate~~measurements. ~~This~~The standard is effective for ~~milestones~~reporting ~~achieved~~periods ~~in fiscal years~~ beginning on or after ~~June~~December 15, ~~2010~~2011, onand ashould ~~prospective~~be ~~basis, with~~applied ~~earlier application permitted~~prospectively. AsThe ~~the~~ Company iswill ~~typically~~adopt ~~not~~this astandard ~~party~~in tothe ~~research~~first ~~and~~quarter ~~development~~of ~~arrangements,~~fiscal ~~the~~year ~~Company~~2013 ~~believes~~and ~~this~~does ~~standard~~not ~~will~~expect ~~not~~the adoption to have a material impact on the ~~Company's~~ consolidated financial ~~statements~~position, results of operations or cash flows.

3. BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS

Inventories: Inventories comprised (in thousands):

		April 30,	~~April 30,~~
			2011			2010
		2012			2011
Raw Materials			$	37		$	305
Raw materials		$	42		$	37
Work in process			51	—		—	—
Finished Goods				4,652			5,680
Finished goods			2,282			4,652
Total	~~Total~~	$	$2,375	~~4,689~~	$	$4,689	~~5,985~~

In fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, the Company recorded provisions for excess inventory totaling $0.34 million, $0.43 million and $20.4 million, respectively. ~~The~~In ~~provision~~fiscal in2012 ~~fiscal 2009 was largely driven by~~ the ~~impacts of new technical developments in the~~ Company's ~~PVP~~sold ~~products,~~$0.6 million which changed the demand for certain components in the Company's new smaller configured system, and a change in the international market's network configurations from traditional copper interfaces to faster optical interfaces, which drove a sudden change in demand for the type of ~~voice product~~previously ~~that~~written ~~these~~down ~~international customers would deploy in the future~~inventory. In fiscal 2011, ~~2010~~ and ~~2009~~2010, the ~~Company~~amount ~~did~~of ~~not sell any~~ previously written-down inventory sold was not material.

~~Stock-based compensation included in ending inventory at April 30, 2011 and 2010 was not material.~~ 55

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~~Investments:~~Stock-based ~~The~~compensation ~~following~~included ~~table~~in ~~summarizes~~ending ~~the~~inventory ~~Company's~~at ~~investments as of~~ April 30, 2012 and 2011, ~~(in~~was ~~thousands):~~not material.

		Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Certificates of Deposit		$	3,360	$	—	$	—		$	3,360
Asset backed securities			9,975		—		(9,875	)		100
	Total	$	13,335	$	—	$	(9,875	)	$	3,460

Investments: The following table summarizes the Company's investments as of April 30, 2012 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the Company's investments as of April 30, 2010 (in thousands):

	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

Certificates of Deposit	$	2,400	$	—	$	—	$	2,400
Asset backed preferred equity securities		100		—		—		100

Total	$	2,500	$	—	$	—	$	2,500

		Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Certificates of deposit		$	4,800	$	—	$	—		$	4,800
Asset backed securities			9,975		—		(9,875	)		100
	Total	$	14,775	$	—	$	(9,875	)	$	4,900

The following table summarizes the Company's investments as of April 30, 2011 (in thousands):

The asset backed securities are preferred equity securities that were converted from auction rate securities with an aggregate par value of $10.0 million at April 30, 2011. For the years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, no gains or losses were realized on the sale of short-term and long-term investments. There were no unrealized holding gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2011 and 2010. An "other than temporary" impairment loss of $1.0 million and $4.7 million was recognized as a component of other expense, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively for two auction rate instruments that failed to settle at auction since the second quarter of fiscal 2008.

	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value

Certificates of deposit	$	3,360	$	—	$	—	$	3,360
Asset backed preferred equity securities		100		—		—		100

Total	$	3,460	$	—	$	—	$	3,460

~~Auction~~As ~~rate~~of ~~securities~~April 30, ~~which~~2012 ~~have~~and ~~failed~~2011, toall ~~settle~~of atthe ~~auction~~Company's ~~and~~short-term ~~for~~investments ~~which~~were ~~management~~held ~~does~~in ~~not~~certificates ~~have~~of adeposit ~~clear~~and ~~near~~long-term ~~exit~~investments ~~strategy,~~were ~~are~~held ~~included~~ in ~~long-term~~ ~~investments~~asset ~~based~~backed onpreferred ~~uncertainty~~equity assecurities. toThe ~~when they will next settle and on the~~ long-term ofinvestments ~~the~~are ~~security~~tied ~~underlying~~to ~~the~~ auction rate ~~security. These~~ securities ~~are~~that ~~variable~~failed ~~rate~~to ~~debt~~settle ~~instruments,~~at ~~which~~auction ~~bear interest~~beginning ~~rates~~in ~~that~~fiscal ~~reset approximately every 7~~2008, 28for ~~or 35 days. The underlying securities have contractual maturities~~ which ~~are~~there ~~generally greater than ten years and are primarily issued by~~appears ~~municipalities. Typically, the carrying value of auction rate securities approximates fair value due~~ to ~~the~~be ~~frequent~~no ~~resetting~~near-term ~~of the interest rates~~market. AtAs of April 30, 2012 and 2011, ~~$0.1 million~~the ~~of preferred~~Company ~~equity~~continued ~~securities~~to ~~that~~hold ~~were~~asset ~~converted~~backed ~~from~~preferred ~~auction~~equity ~~rate~~ securities ~~were classified as long-term investments, consistent~~ with ~~the~~a ~~maturities~~par value of ~~the~~$10.0 million ~~securities~~and ~~underlying~~a ~~the~~fair ~~financial~~value ~~instruments,~~of ~~due to uncertainty as to when they may settle~~$0.1 million.

~~The~~For ~~Company~~the ~~uses~~years ~~the~~ended ~~concepts~~April 30, of2012, ~~fair~~2011 ~~value~~and ~~based~~2010, onno ~~estimated~~gains ~~discounted~~or ~~future~~losses ~~cash~~were ~~flows~~realized toon ~~value~~the ~~its~~sale ~~auction~~of short-~~rate~~term ~~securities~~and ~~that~~long-term investments. There were no unrealized holding gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the ~~following~~accompanying ~~significant inputs~~consolidated ~~and~~balance ~~considerations~~sheets as of April 30, ~~which~~2012 ~~have~~and ~~been~~2011. ~~applied~~An on"other than temporary" impairment loss of $1.0 million was recognized as a ~~consistent~~component ~~basis~~of other expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations in fiscal 2010 for ~~all~~auction ~~periods~~rate ~~presented:~~instruments that failed to settle at auction since the second quarter of fiscal 2008.

59 The accounting guidance on fair value accounting clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the guidance on fair value accounting establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: (Level 1) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; (Level 2) inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly; and (Level 3) unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. On a recurring basis, the Company measures certain financial assets at fair value, including its short-term and long-term investments.

When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine fair value of certain of its cash and cash equivalents including money market funds. Such items are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At April 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company's Level 2 securities include certificates of deposit which are each individually below the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC")

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~~The~~threshold ~~accounting~~of ~~guidance~~$250,000 onper ~~fair~~account ~~value~~owner ~~accounting~~and ~~clarifies~~per ~~that~~depository ~~fair~~institution. ~~value~~Level 2 pricing is anprovided ~~exit~~by ~~price,~~third ~~representing~~party ~~the~~sources ~~amount~~of ~~that~~market ~~would~~information beobtained ~~received~~through tothe ~~sell~~Company's ~~an asset or paid to transfer a~~investment ~~liability~~advisors. inThe anCompany ~~orderly~~does ~~transaction~~not ~~between~~adjust ~~market~~for ~~participants.~~or Asapply ~~such,~~any ~~fair~~additional ~~value~~assumptions isor aestimates ~~market-based~~to ~~measurement~~the ~~that~~pricing ~~should~~information beit ~~determined~~receives ~~based~~from onadvisors. ~~assumptions~~The ~~that~~Company's ~~market~~investment ~~participants~~advisors ~~would~~obtain ~~use~~pricing indata ~~pricing~~from anindependent ~~asset~~sources, orsuch ~~liability.~~as AsStandard aand ~~basis~~Poor's ~~for~~and ~~considering such assumptions~~Bloomberg, ~~the~~and ~~guidance~~rely on ~~fair~~comparable ~~value~~pricing ~~accounting~~of ~~establishes~~other asecurities ~~three-tier~~because ~~value~~the ~~hierarchy,~~Level 2 ~~which~~securities ~~prioritizes~~it ~~the~~holds ~~inputs used~~are innot ~~measuring~~actively ~~fair~~traded ~~value~~and ashave fewer ~~follows:~~observable ~~(Level 1)~~transactions. ~~observable~~The ~~inputs~~Company ~~such~~considers asthis ~~quoted~~the ~~prices~~most inreliable ~~active~~information ~~markets;~~available ~~(Level 2)~~for ~~inputs~~the ~~other~~valuation ~~than~~of the ~~quoted~~securities. ~~prices~~At inApril 30, ~~active~~2012, ~~markets~~and ~~that~~April 30, ~~are observable~~2011, ~~either~~there ~~directly~~were no oractive ~~indirectly;~~markets ~~and~~for ~~(Level 3)~~the ~~unobservable~~Company's ~~inputs~~asset inbacked ~~which~~preferred ~~there~~equity issecurities ~~little~~resulting orfrom noconverted ~~market~~auction ~~data~~rate securities, ~~which~~or ~~requires~~comparable ~~the~~securities ~~Company~~due to ~~develop~~current ~~its~~market ~~own assumptions~~conditions. ~~This hierarchy~~Therefore, ~~requires~~until ~~the~~such ~~Company~~a ~~to use observable~~ market ~~data,~~becomes ~~when available~~active, ~~and to minimize~~ the ~~use~~Company ofis ~~unobservable inputs when~~ determining their fair value. Onbased aon ~~recurring~~expected ~~basis,~~discounted ~~the~~cash ~~Company~~flows. ~~measures~~Such ~~certain financial~~items ~~assets~~are ~~and~~classified ~~liabilities~~in atLevel 3 of the fair value, ~~including its short-term and long-term investments~~hierarchy.

~~When~~The ~~available, the~~ Company ~~uses~~had ~~quoted~~no ~~market~~transfers ~~prices~~between toLevel 1 ~~determine fair value of certain of its cash~~ and ~~cash equivalents including money market funds; such items are classified in~~ Level 12 ofduring the ~~fair~~years ~~value~~ended ~~hierarchy. At~~ April 30, ~~2010,~~2012 ~~there~~and ~~were no active markets for these auction rate securities or comparable securities due to current market conditions~~2011. ~~Therefore,~~ ~~until such a market becomes active, the Company determined their fair value based on expected discounted cash flows. Such items are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.~~

~~The~~There ~~following~~were ~~table~~no ~~presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, the assets and~~ liabilities ~~that are~~ measured at fair value ~~on a recurring basis~~ as of April 30, ~~2011~~2012 ~~(in thousands):~~and 2011.

		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Money market funds-recurring		$	19,040	$	19,040	$	—	$	—
Certificates of deposit-recurring			3,360		3,360		—		—
Auction rate securities-recurring			100		—		—		100
	Total	$	22,500	$	22,400	$	—	$	100
Liabilities
Long-term convertible note payable-non-recurring		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of April 30, 2012 (in thousands):

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Money market funds	$	19,110	$	19,110	$	—	$	—
Certificates of deposit		2,400		—		2,400		—
Auction rate securities		100		—		—		100

Total	$	21,610	$	19,110	$	2,400	$	100

The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of April 30, 2011 (in thousands):

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Money market funds	$	19,040	$	19,040	$	—	$	—
Certificates of deposit		3,360		—		3,360		—
Auction rate securities		100		—		—		100

Total	$	22,500	$	19,040	$	3,360	$	100

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The following table presents ~~for each of~~ the ~~fair~~changes ~~value~~in ~~hierarchy levels,~~ the ~~assets~~Level 3 ~~and liabilities that are measured at~~ fair value oncategory afor ~~recurring~~the ~~basis~~year asended of April 30, ~~2010~~2012 (in thousands):

			Fair Value			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3
					Net Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) included in
Assets
		May 1, 2011			Impairment Loss Recognized in Earnings			Unrealized Gain Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Purchases, (Sales), Accretion of Interest, Issuances and (Settlements)			Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		April 30, 2012
Money market funds-recurring			$	25,702		$	25,702		$	—		$	—
Assets
Certificates of deposit-recurring				4,800			4,800			—			—
Auction rate securities		$	100		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	100
Auction rate securities-recurring				100			—			—			100
Liabilities
	Total		$	30,602		$	30,502		$	—		$	100
Long-term convertible note payable		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Long-term convertible note payable-non-recurring			$	3,277		$	—		$	—		$	3,277
	Total		$	3,277		$	—		$	—		$	3,277

The following table presents the changes in the Level 3 fair value category for the year ended April 30, 2011 (in thousands):

			Net Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) included in
	May 1, 2010		Impairment Loss Recognized in Earnings		Unrealized Gain Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Purchases, (Sales), Accretion of Interest, Issuances and (Settlements)			Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		April 30, 2011
Assets
Auction rate securities	$	100	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	100
Liabilities
Long-term convertible note payable	$	3,277	$	—	$	—	$	(3,277	)(1)	$	—	$	—

(1): Reflects payment of a $3.5 million non-interest bearing convertible note payable to Simulscribe in conjunction with the Company's exclusive distribution agreement. The note was recorded at an initial fair value of $3.2 million and approximately $0.2 million of interest had been accreted.

The following table presents the changes in the Level 3 fair value category for the year ended April 30, 2010 (in thousands):

			Net Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) included in
	May 1, 2009		Impairment Loss Recognized in Earnings			Unrealized Gain Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Purchases, (Sales), Accretion of Interest, Issuances and (Settlements)			Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		April 30, 2010
Assets
Auction rate securities	$	4,448	$	(977	)	$	329	$	(3,700	)(1)	$	—	$	100
Liabilities
Long-term convertible note payable		—		—			—	$	3,277	(2)		—	$	3,277

(1)Reflects sale of one Auction Rate Security at original purchase cost, resulting in no realized gain or loss.

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Property and Equipment: Property and equipment comprised (in thousands):

		April 30,	~~April 30,~~
			2011			2010
		2012			2011
Furniture and fixtures		$	$71	~~1,170~~	$	$1,170	~~1,170~~
Equipment			9,496	~~12,654~~		12,654	~~14,585~~
Leasehold improvements			190	~~1,529~~		1,529	~~1,529~~
Computer software			4,133	~~4,134~~		4,134	~~4,133~~
				19,487			21,417
			13,890			19,487
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(13,156	~~(18,323~~)	)	(18,323	~~(19,047~~)	)
	Total		$	1,164		$	2,370
Subtotal			734			1,164
Construction in progress			121			—
Total		$	855		$	1,164

Depreciation expense totaled $10.27 million, $2.1.2 million and $2.31 million for fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, respectively.

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Other Assets: Other assets comprised (in thousands):

		April 30,	~~April 30,~~
			2011			2010
		2012			2011
Exclusive distributor intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization		$	$2,902	~~4,723~~	$	$4,724	~~6,316~~
Other			32	1		—	97
Total	~~Total~~	$	$2,934	~~4,724~~	$	$4,724	~~6,413~~

See Note 6 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, below for details related to the exclusive distributor intangible assets.

Accrued and Other Liabilities: Accrued and other liabilities comprised (in thousands):

		April 30,	~~April 30,~~
			2011			2010
		2012			2011
Accrued employee compensation		$	$958	~~1,109~~	$	$1,109	~~1,247~~
Accrued warranty			97	~~139~~		139	~~301~~
Accrued restructuring costs			5	42		42	~~217~~
Other accrued expenses			231	~~342~~		342	~~930~~
Total	~~Total~~	$	$1,291	~~1,632~~	$	$1,632	~~2,695~~

Warranty Accrual. The Company provides for future warranty costs upon shipment of its products. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties may vary depending on the product sold, the customer and the country in which it does business. However, the Company's hardware warranties generally start from the shipment date and continue for a period of ~~two~~one to five years while the software warranty is generally ninety days to one year.

Because the Company's products are manufactured to a standardized specification and products are internally tested to these specifications prior to shipment, the Company historically has experienced minimal warranty costs. Factors that affect the Company's warranty liability include the number of installed units, historical experience and management's judgment regarding anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost per claim. The Company assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities every quarter and makes adjustments to the liability, if necessary. The fiscal 2012 adjustment to the warranty accrual reflected improved warranty history for the Company's products.

62 Changes in the warranty accrual, which is included as a component of "Accrued and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets, were as follows (in thousands):

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	Years ended April 30,

	2012			2011
Balance as of the beginning of the fiscal period	$	139		$	301
Provision for warranties issued during the fiscal period		8			(104	)
Warranty costs incurred during the fiscal period		(50	)		(58	)

Balance as of the end of the fiscal period	$	97		$	139

warranty claims and cost per claim. The Company assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities every quarter and makes adjustments to the liability, if necessary. The fiscal 2011 adjustment to the warranty accrual reflected improved warranty history for the Company's products as well as the favorable resolution of certain specific warranty matters.

Changes in the warranty accrual, which is included as a component of "Accrued and other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, were as follows (in thousands):

		Years ended April 30,
		2011			2010
Balance as of the beginning of the fiscal period		$	301		$	389
Provision for warranties issued during the fiscal period			(104	)		39
Warranty costs incurred during the fiscal period			(58	)		(127	)
	Balance as of the end of the fiscal period	$	139		$	301

Long-term Accrued Expenses: Long-term accrued expenses comprised (in thousands):

		April 30,
		2011		2010
Convertible note issued in conjunction with exclusive distribution agreement		$	—	$	3,277
Other			—		228
	Total	$	—	$	3,505

Reduction in Force.

In ~~November~~July ~~2009~~2011, the Company ~~completed~~initiated a reduction in force inthat anwas ~~attempt~~completed toby ~~continue to reduce operating expenses. As a result of this reduction in force~~October 31, ~~the Company reduced its workforce by approximately 10%. In addition in December 2009~~2011, ~~the Company completed the sublease of office space vacated~~ in ~~fiscal~~an ~~2009~~ongoing ~~and~~attempt ~~identified~~to reduce ~~additional~~operating ~~impairments~~expenses. ofThe ~~fixed~~affected ~~assets,~~employees ~~which~~were ~~had~~notified ~~become idle as a result of the reduction~~ in ~~force~~July ~~and are being held for sale~~2011. As a result ~~of these activities~~, the Company ~~recognized~~reduced aits ~~charge~~headcount ~~in the~~by ~~third~~approximately ~~quarter~~8%, ofand ~~fiscal~~recorded ~~2010~~charges of approximately $~~0.7 million~~130,000 ~~including $0.5 million~~ for severance and related ~~benefits~~charges, $0.1 million related to incremental losses upon signing the sublease on vacated office space and $0.1 million associated with assets made idle by the reductions in force that are being held for sale. All individuals impacted by the reduction in headcount were notified of the termination of their employment in November 2009. In fiscal 20115,000 ~~the Company recognized a charge~~ of ~~$0.1 million~~which ~~for~~has ~~severance~~not ~~related~~been topaid ~~a reduction in force overseas, net of estimated outplacement services originally recorded~~ as ~~a part~~ of the restructuring in the third quarter of fiscal 2010, which expired unused in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. As of April 30, 2011, substantially all of the remaining balance in the accrual for the reductions in force of $42,000 relates to the estimated loss associated with subleasing vacated space in the Company's Mountain View Headquarters.

At the beginning of both the second and third quarters of fiscal 2009, the Company undertook reductions in force in an attempt to reduce its operating expenses. The combined reduction in force represented approximately 21% of the Company's workforce as of April 30, 2008. As a result of the reductions in headcount that have occurred since the second quarter of fiscal 2009, the Company determined that it no longer needed approximately 20% of its Mountain View headquarters. In addition, certain fixed assets have been idled due to the reduction in employees. As there is no current plan to utilize these assets, the Company has decided to sell or scrap the assets. As a result of these actions, the Company recorded charges in fiscal 2009 totaling approximately $1.6 million. Of the $1.6 million recorded in fiscal 2009, $0.8 million was related to severance and related benefits for the 59

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~~impacted~~April 30, ~~employees~~2012, and ~~the~~is ~~balance~~included ~~of $0.8 million was related to the estimated $0.5 million loss from subleasing the space vacated~~ in ~~September~~accrued ~~2008~~ and ~~$0.3 million~~other ~~related~~liabilities ~~to the~~at ~~estimated~~April 30, ~~loss on abandonment of idled fixed assets~~2012. ~~All~~This ~~individuals~~amount ~~impacted~~represents ~~by the reductions in headcount were notified of the termination prior to the end of the period in which their severance~~ costs ~~were~~for ~~recorded. During the second quarter of fiscal 2010, $30,000 of severance benefits related to~~ outplacement services ~~expired~~available ~~unused and were reversed~~ to the ~~same~~affected ~~financial~~employees ~~lines to~~through ~~which~~September ~~they~~2012 ~~were originally recorded in fiscal 2009.~~

~~Reduction~~In November 2009, the Company completed a reduction in force ~~costs~~in an attempt to continue to reduce operating expenses. As a result of this reduction in force, the Company reduced its workforce by approximately 10%. In addition in December 2009, the Company completed the sublease of office space vacated in fiscal 2009 and identified additional impairments of fixed assets, which had become idle as a result of the reduction in force and are being held for sale. As a result of these activities, the ~~years~~Company ~~ended~~recognized ~~April~~a charge in the third quarter of fiscal 2010 of approximately $0.7 30million, ~~2011~~including $0.5 million for severance and related benefits, $0.1 million related to incremental losses upon signing the sublease on vacated office space and $0.1 million associated with assets made idle by the reductions in force that are being held for sale. During the second quarter of fiscal 2010, $30,000 of severance benefits related to outplacement services expired unused and were reversed to the same financial lines to which they were originally recorded in fiscal 2009. These expenses related to a reduction in force that occurred in fiscal 2009. All individuals impacted by the reduction in headcount were asnotified ~~follows~~of (the termination of their employment in ~~thousands):~~November 2009.

	Years ended April 30,
	2011			2010		2009
	in thousands
Cost of goods sold	$	—		$	256	$	31
Sales and marketing		97			64		324
Research and development		(7	)		255		614
General and administrative		—			92		602
Total	$	90		$	667	$	1,571

In fiscal 2011, the Company recognized a charge of $0.1 million for severance related to a reduction in force overseas, net of estimated outplacement services originally recorded as a part of the restructuring in the third quarter of fiscal 2010, which expired unused in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. As of April 30, 2011, substantially all of the remaining balance in the accrual for the reductions in force of $42,000 relates to the estimated loss associated with subleasing vacated space in the Company's Mountain View Headquarters.

Reduction in force costs for the years ended April 30, 2012, 2011 and 2010, were as follows (in thousands):

	Years ended April 30,

	2012		2011			2010
	in thousands
Cost of revenue	$	45	$	—		$	256
Sales and marketing		36		97			64
Research and development		28		(7	)		255
General and administrative		21		—			92

Total	$	130	$	90		$	667

4. BUSINESS COMBINATION

In February 2010, the Company completed a small acquisition of 100% of the outstanding shares of Grid Communication Services, Inc.~~com~~, a company with infrastructure to deliver services with simple credit card billing through the web. The purchase price, net of $0.1 million of cash received from Grid~~.com~~, totaled $0.5 million. This purchase price, which included $35,000 of value attributable to a warrant issued for 100,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share, based on a Black-Scholes option-pricing valuation, was allocated to identified intangibles through established valuation techniques in the high-technology communications equipment industry. The warrant expires in February, 2013. The key variables used in applying the Black- Scholes option-pricing model to this warrant included a risk-free interest rate of 1.5%, volatility of 75% and no dividends over the three year term of the warrant. As a result, the Company recorded an incremental $0.2 million in core technology intangible assets and $0.3 million related to the URL, the latter of which the Company ~~has~~sold ~~determined~~in isJuly anof ~~indefinite~~2011 ~~lived~~for ~~intangible~~approximately ~~asset~~$0.2 million, net of expenses.

6460

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5. PURCHASED INTANGIBLES

The carrying value of intangible assets acquired in business combinations is as follows (in thousands):

	April 30, 2012

	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment/Sale			Net Value
Purchased Intangible Assets
Core technology	$	242	$	(181	)	$	—		$	61
URL		300		—			(300	)		—

Total	$	542	$	(181	)	$	(300	)	$	61

	April 30, 2011

	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment		Net Value
Purchased Intangible Assets
Core technology	$	242	$	(101	)	$	—	$	141
URL		300		—			—		300

Total	$	542	$	(101	)	$	—	$	441

		April 30, 2010
		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment			Net Value
Purchased Intangible Assets
	Core technology	$	3,142	$	(2,157	)	$	(763	)	$	222
	Customer relationships		1,100		(671	)		(429	)		—
	Trade name and trademarks		200		(122	)		(78	)		—
	URL		300		—			—			300
Total		$	4,742	$	(2,950	)	$	(1,270	)	$	522

In fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded $80,000, $80,000 and $62,000, respectively, of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.

InEstimated ~~fiscal~~future ~~2011,~~amortization ~~2010~~expense ~~and~~for ~~2009,~~ the ~~Company~~core ~~recorded~~technology ~~$81,000,~~purchased ~~$62,000~~intangible ~~and~~asset ~~$97~~as of April 30,~~000,~~ ~~respectively~~2012, ofis ~~amortization~~as offollows ~~acquisition-related~~(in ~~intangible~~thousands): ~~assets.~~

Estimated future amortization expense for the core technology purchased intangible asset as of April 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):

	Years ended April 30,

2013		61

	$	61

	Years ended April 30,
2012	$	81
2013		60
	$	141

6. EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

On September 10, 2009, the Company and Simulscribe, entered into a Reseller Agreement pursuant to which Simulscribe will provide, and the Company became the exclusive reseller of, Simulscribe's voice to text (VTT) services to wholesale customers. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company also assumed all of Simulscribe's wholesale customers. The Company paid $3.5 million and issued a two-year promissory note for an additional $3.5 million for the assumption of the wholesale customer relationships and the exclusivity rights. This note was paid in full in April, 2011. Additionally, the Company will pay a fee for the services provided by Simulscribe, and will pay up to an additional $10 million if the revenues generated from the Simulscribe services meet certain performance milestones within the first three years of the agreement (the "Additional Payments"), subject to acceleration in certain events, such as the Company's failure to use commercially reasonable efforts to market the services or a change of control of the Company at a time that revenues from these services are on track to result in the payment ultimately being made.

65 In fiscal 2012, no interest expense was recorded. In fiscal 2011 and 2010, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of interest expense associated with amortizing the $0.3 million discount on this note as a component of other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Additional Payments are convertible into the Company's common stock at Simulscribe's option, and may be converted into the Company's common stock at a conversion price of $5.00 per

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Inshare; ~~fiscal~~provided ~~2011~~that ~~and~~if ~~2010,~~a ~~the~~specified ~~Company~~revenue ~~recognized~~target is met then up to $05.20 million ~~and~~of the Additional Payments can be converted at $04.~~1 million,~~00 ~~respectively,~~per share. The value of ~~interest~~the ~~expense~~additional ~~associated~~payments ~~with~~has ~~amortizing~~not been recorded as of the ~~$0.3 million~~date ~~discount~~of the transaction pursuant to the accounting guidance related to the issuance of equity-based instruments to non-employees for the purchase of goods or services, as it is not probable of incurrence. In the event that payouts under the Additional Payments provisions of the agreement become probable of occurrence based on ~~this~~an ~~note~~assessment asof acustomer revenue ~~component~~streams and the remaining duration of ~~other~~agreement ~~income~~and/or ~~(expense)~~the conditions of the payout are met, ~~net~~the inCompany will record the ~~Consolidated~~fair ~~Statements~~value of ~~Operations~~the Additional Payments at that time.

~~The~~As ~~Additional~~a ~~Payments~~result ~~are~~of ~~convertible~~this ~~into~~agreement, the Company's ~~common~~recorded ~~stock~~the total consideration at ~~Simulscribe's~~a ~~option,~~fair ~~and~~value ~~may~~of be$6.7 million ~~converted~~and ~~into~~recorded ~~the~~assets ~~Company's~~associated ~~common~~with ~~stock~~the atexclusive adistribution ~~conversion~~rights and ~~price~~transfer of $5customers.00 ~~per share;~~The ~~provided~~value ~~that~~assigned ifto athe ~~specified~~intangible ~~revenue~~assets ~~target~~was isdetermined ~~met~~by ~~then~~valuing upthe todiscounted ~~$5.0 million~~potential ofcash ~~the~~flows ~~Additional~~associated ~~Payments~~with ~~can~~each beasset ~~converted~~over atthe ~~$4.00~~four ~~per~~year ~~share~~term of the agreement. The ~~value~~asset ofassociated with the ~~additional~~transferred ~~payments~~customer ~~has~~relationships ~~not been~~will ~~recorded~~be asamortized, ofon a tax deductible basis, to sales and marketing expense ratably over the ~~date~~four year term of the agreement ~~transaction~~and ~~pursuant~~the toasset associated with the ~~accounting~~distribution ~~guidance~~rights ~~related~~will tobe ~~the~~amortized, ~~issuance~~on ofa ~~equity-based~~tax ~~instruments~~deductible basis, to ~~non-employees~~cost ~~for~~of ~~the~~revenue ~~purchase~~on a unit of ~~goods~~revenue ~~or services~~basis, assimilar itto isa ~~not~~royalty ~~probable~~payment, ofat ~~incurrence.~~the Inrate of ~~the~~25% ~~event~~of ~~that~~revenue ~~payouts~~recognized ~~under~~based on the ~~Additional~~base ~~Payments~~level ~~provisions~~ of revenue anticipated in the ~~agreement~~Agreement ~~become~~attributable ~~probable~~to the $7 million of ~~occurrence~~consideration ~~based~~issued onto andate. ~~assessment~~The ofCompany ~~customer~~recorded amortization ~~revenue~~expense ~~streams~~associated ~~and~~with the ~~remaining~~distribution ~~duration~~rights of ~~agreement~~approximately $1.1 million, $0.9 million and~~/or~~ $0.2 million for the ~~conditions~~years ofended ~~the~~April 30, ~~payout~~2012, ~~are~~2011, ~~met~~and 2010, respectively, ~~the~~and ~~Company~~amortization ~~will~~expense ~~record~~associated with the ~~fair~~customer ~~value~~relationships of approximately $0.7 million for both the ~~Additional~~years ~~Payments~~ended atApril 30, ~~that~~2012 ~~time~~and 2011, and $0.4 million in fiscal 2010.

AsSubsequent ato ~~result~~executing ofthe ~~this agreement~~Agreement, the Company ~~recorded~~hired ~~the~~one ~~total consideration at a fair value~~ of ~~$6.7 million and recorded assets associated with~~ the ~~exclusive~~principle ~~distribution~~officers ~~rights and transfer~~ of ~~customers.~~Simulscribe ~~The value assigned~~ to assume the ~~intangible~~position ~~assets~~of ~~was~~Chief ~~determined~~Strategy byOfficer ~~valuing~~at the ~~discounted~~Company. ~~potential~~His ~~cash~~primary ~~flows~~focus is ~~associated~~on ~~with~~expansion ~~each asset over the four year term~~ of the ~~agreement.~~ ~~The~~wholesale ~~asset~~market ~~associated~~for ~~with~~voice ~~the~~transcription ~~transferred~~service. ~~customer~~This ~~relationships~~individual ~~will~~continues beto ~~amortized,~~hold on a ~~tax~~large ~~deductible~~ownership ~~basis,~~interest toin ~~sales~~Simulscribe. ~~and~~As ~~marketing~~such, ~~expense~~although ~~ratably~~he ~~over~~may ~~the~~have ~~four~~input ~~year~~into ~~term of the~~key ~~agreement~~decisions ~~and~~related ~~the~~to ~~asset~~interaction ~~associated~~between ~~with~~ the ~~distribution~~Company ~~rights~~and ~~will be amortized~~Simulscribe, onthe afinal ~~tax~~decisions ~~deductible~~rest ~~basis,~~with tothe ~~cost~~executive ofmanagement ~~goods~~team, ~~sold on a unit~~ of ~~revenue~~which ~~basis,~~he ~~similar~~is tonot a ~~royalty payment~~member, atand/or the ~~rate~~ ofBoard ~~25%~~ of ~~revenue~~Directors. ~~recognized~~This individual ~~based~~was onalso ~~the~~a ~~base~~major ~~level~~shareholder ~~of revenue anticipated~~ in ~~the~~Grid ~~Agreement~~Communication ~~attributable~~Services, toInc., ~~the~~which ~~$7 million~~was ofacquired ~~consideration~~in ~~issued~~February ~~to date~~2010. ~~The~~In ~~Company recorded amortization expense associated with~~ the ~~distribution~~third ~~rights~~quarter of ~~approximately~~fiscal ~~$0.9 million~~2011, ~~and $0.2 million for~~ the ~~year~~Chief ~~ended~~Strategy ~~April 30,~~Officer ~~2011~~resigned; ~~and 2010~~however, ~~respectively, and~~he ~~amortization~~continues ~~expense~~to ~~associated~~provide ~~with~~certain ~~the~~services ~~customer~~to ~~relationships of approximately $0.7 million and $0.4 million for~~ the ~~year~~Company ~~ended~~as ~~April 30,~~a ~~2011 and 2010, respectively~~consultant.

~~Subsequent~~In tothe ~~executing~~fourth ~~the~~quarter ~~Agreement~~of fiscal 2010, the Company ~~hired~~and ~~one~~Simulscribe, ofentered ~~the~~into ~~principle~~an ~~officers~~Amendment ofNo. 1 ~~Simulscribe~~ to ~~assume~~Reseller Agreement (the ~~position~~"Amendment"), ofamending ~~Chief~~the ~~Strategy~~Reseller ~~Officer~~Agreement previously atentered into between the Company. ~~His~~and ~~primary~~Simulscribe ~~focus is~~ on ~~expansion~~September 10, of2009. Primarily, the ~~wholesale~~Amendment ~~market~~permits ~~for~~the Company to provide services to all voice ~~transcription~~to ~~service~~text customers, both retail and wholesale. ~~This~~Among ~~individual~~other ~~continues~~things, the Amendment also contains additional changes to ~~hold~~the aReseller ~~large~~Agreement ~~ownership~~to ~~interest~~conform into ~~Simulscribe.~~the Asnew ~~such~~structure, ~~although~~and heprovides ~~may~~that ~~have~~both ~~input~~the ~~into~~retail ~~key~~and wholesale services ~~decisions~~will ~~related~~count toas ~~interaction~~"Additional ~~between~~Payments" for purposes of determining what amount, if any, of the ~~Company~~$10 million ~~and~~contingent consideration will be paid to Simulscribe,. In consideration for the ~~final~~amendment, the ~~decisions~~Company ~~rest~~agreed ~~with~~to pay an additional $0.3 million in seven equal quarterly installments. The Company recognized this consideration as an addition to the ~~executive~~customer ~~management~~relationship ~~team~~intangible asset, of which heamount is ~~not~~being aamortized ~~member,~~over ~~and/or~~ the ~~Board~~remainder of ~~Directors.~~the ~~This~~4 year life assigned to the original customer relationship intangible ~~individual~~asset ~~was~~in ~~also~~September a2009. ~~major~~Four ~~shareholder~~of the seven quarterly installments totaling $0.2 million were paid in ~~Grid~~cash.~~com~~ In April 2011, ~~which~~the promissory note for $3.5 million was ~~acquired~~paid in ~~February~~full 5 months ~~2010~~early. In ~~the~~exchange ~~third~~for ~~quarter~~early payment of ~~fiscal~~the ~~2011~~note, Simulscribe waived the ~~Chief~~final ~~Strategy~~three ~~Officer~~installment ~~resigned;~~payments ~~however~~totaling $0.1 million, hedue ~~continues~~under tothe ~~provide~~amendment. As of April 30, ~~certain~~2011, ~~services~~this toobligation ~~the~~had ~~Company~~been aspaid ain ~~consultant~~full.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2010, the Company and Simulscribe, entered into an Amendment No. 1 to Reseller Agreement (the "Amendment"), amending the Reseller Agreement previously entered into between the Company and Simulscribe on September 10, 2009. Primarily, the Amendment permits the Company to provide services to all voice to text customers, both retail and wholesale. Among other things, the Amendment also contains additional changes to the Reseller Agreement to conform to the new structure, and provides that both the retail and wholesale services will count as "Additional Payments" for purposes of determining what amount, if any, of the $10 million contingent consideration will be paid to Simulscribe. In consideration for the amendment, the Company agreed to pay an additional $0.3 million in seven equal quarterly installments. The Company recognized this consideration as an addition to the customer relationship intangible asset, which amount is being amortized over the remainder of the 4 year life assigned to the original customer relationship intangible asset in September 2009. Four of the seven quarterly installments totaling $0.2 million were paid in cash. In April 2011, the promissory note for $3.5 million was paid in full 5 months early. In exchange 62

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~~for~~ The ~~early~~carrying ~~payment~~value of the ~~note,~~related ~~Simulscribe~~intangible ~~waived~~assets ~~the~~acquired ~~final~~was ~~three~~as ~~installment~~follows ~~payments totaling $0.1 million, due under the amendment. As of April 30, 2011, this obligation had been paid~~ (in ~~full.~~thousands):

The carrying value the related intangible assets acquired was as follows (in thousands):

	April 30, 2012

	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment		Net Value
Distribution Agreement Intangible Assets:
Customer relationships	$	2,514	$	(1,735	)	$	—	$	779
Distribution rights		4,440		(2,317	)		—		2,123

Total	$	6,954	$	(4,052	)	$	—	$	2,902

	April 30, 2011

	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment		Net Value
Distribution Agreement Intangible Assets:
Customer relationships	$	2,514	$	(1,105	)	$	—	$	1,409
Distribution rights		4,440		(1,125	)		—		3,315

Total	$	6,954	$	(2,230	)	$	—	$	4,724

		April 30, 2010
		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Impairment		Net Value
Distribution Agreement Intangible Assets:
	Customer relationships	$	2,514	$	(389	)	$	—	$	2,125
	Distribution rights		4,440		(249	)		—		4,191
Total		$	6,954	$	(638	)	$	—	$	6,316

Estimated future amortization expense for the customer relationship related intangible asset as of April 30, 2012, is as follows (in thousands):

Estimated future amortization expense for the customer relationship related intangible asset as of April 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):

	Years ended April 30,

2013	$	581
2014		198

	$	779

	Years ended April 30,
2012	$	630
2013		581
2014		198
	$	1,409

Since the distribution rights are being amortized based on the level of revenue recognized, the amortization expense cannot be estimated for future periods.

7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Leases

The Company's ~~leases~~lease ~~its~~commitments ~~principal~~comprise ~~office facilities in Mountain View, California under~~ a ~~non-cancelable~~facility ~~operating~~ lease ~~expiring on July 31~~, ~~2011.~~office Asequipment ~~part~~leases ofand ~~the~~a ~~extension~~colocation offacility. ~~the~~The ~~Mountain~~Company ~~View,~~leases ~~California~~its principal ~~lease~~office ~~term~~facilities inof ~~September~~approximately ~~2005~~20,100 ~~the~~square ~~landlord provided $442~~feet,~~000~~ ~~for tenant improvements. This amount was recorded~~ in ~~accrued~~San ~~and~~Jose, ~~other~~California ~~liabilities~~under ~~and~~a isnon-cancelable ~~being~~operating ~~amortized over the remaining term of the~~ lease asexpiring aon ~~reduction~~April 30, ~~in rent expense~~2017. The ~~Company~~lease iscontains ~~responsible~~a ~~for taxes, insurance and maintenance~~one ~~expenses~~time ~~related~~early toexpiration ~~the~~option ~~leased~~after ~~facilities.~~31 months ~~The~~of ~~Company also has less significant operating leases on other offices and certain office equipment~~occupancy. AsTo aexercise ~~result~~this ~~of the impacts of the reductions in force that began in fiscal 2008~~option, ~~in fiscal 2009~~ the Company ~~abandoned~~must ~~approximately~~comply ~~11,200~~with ~~square~~various ~~feet of its Mountain View~~provisions, ~~California headquarters~~ and inpay ~~December~~an ~~2009~~expiration ~~completed~~fee awhich ~~sublease~~comprises of the ~~vacated~~unamortized ~~space~~portion ~~for the remainder~~ of ~~the~~any ~~contractual~~commissions, ~~lease~~legal ~~term.~~fees, Anfree ~~estimated~~rent ~~sublease~~and ~~loss~~leasehold ~~was recorded as part of the reduction in force liability, see Note 3~~improvements. InThe ~~the fourth quarter of fiscal 2011, the~~ Company ~~signed~~is aresponsible ~~six~~for ~~month extension on approximately 35~~taxes, ~~800~~insurance ~~square~~and ~~feet~~maintenance ofexpenses ~~its~~related ~~Mountain View headquarters~~ to ~~allow~~the itleased ~~to more fully explore it space requirements and facility options~~facilities.

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At April 30, ~~2011~~2012, future minimum payments under the Company's operating leases ~~and related sublease receipts~~ are as follows (in thousands):

Years ending April 30,	Minimum Lease Payments		~~Sublease Payments~~			~~Net Lease Payments~~
2012	$	544	$	(27	)	$	517
2013	$	453
	$	544	$	(27	)	$	517
2014		301
2015		278
2016		290
2017		302
	$	1,624

Rent expense under all leases for the years ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, was $10.~~1million~~7 million, $1.21 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

Credit Facility

The Company ishas ~~currently renegotiating~~ a ~~renewal of its~~ $2.0 million line of credit with its bank, which expires July 31, ~~2011~~ 2012. Advances under the line of credit bear interest at LIBOR + 4.7%. The line of credit requires the Company to maintain certain financial covenants including but not limited to: minimum tangible net worth of $4625 million plus 50% of all proceeds from the sale of subordinated debt or equity securities on or after August 2009 and 50% of all positive net income generated after August 2009. and minimum liquidity of $20 million. The line of credit restricts the Company's ability to pay dividends. There were no borrowings outstanding under the line of credit as of April 30, 2012 and 2011. As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, the Company was not in compliance with ~~its~~the ~~financial~~minimum ~~covenants~~tangible net worth covenant.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

As is customary in the Company's industry, and as required by law in the U.S. and certain other jurisdictions, certain of the Company's contracts provide remedies to its customers, such as defense, settlement, or payment of judgment for intellectual property claims related to the use of the Company's products. From time to time, the Company indemnifies customers against combinations of losses, expenses, or liabilities arising from various trigger events related to the sale and the use of the Company's products and services. In addition, from time to time the Company also provides protection to customers against claims related to undiscovered liabilities, additional product liability or environmental obligations. In the Company's experience, claims made under such indemnifications are rare.

As permitted or required under Delaware law and to the maximum extent allowable under that law, the Company has certain obligations to indemnify its current and former officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was serving at the Company's request in such capacity. These indemnification obligations are valid as long as the director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner that a person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification obligations is unlimited; however, the Company has a director and officer insurance policy that limits the Company's exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of the Company's insurance policy coverage, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification obligations is minimal.

Litigation

The Company is not a party to any material legal proceedings, which is expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or results of operations. From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. These claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial resources and diversion of management's attention.

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8. PREFERRED STOCK

The Company is authorized to issue, from time to time, in one or more series, 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock at a $0.001 par value. The Board of Directors may determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted or imposed upon any series of preferred stock. As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, no preferred stock was outstanding.

9. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Employee Equity Plans

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In March and April 1999, the Board adopted, and the stockholders approved, the Company's 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan") under which an aggregate of 2,016,666 shares of common stock had been reserved for issuance as of April 30, ~~2011~~2012. Employees who participate in the one-year offering period can have up to 15% of their earnings withheld for the purchase of up to a maximum of 700 shares per six-month purchase period pursuant to the Purchase Plan. The amount withheld will then be used to purchase shares of common stock on specified dates determined by the Board. The price of common stock purchased under the Purchase Plan will be equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the common stock on the commencement date of the offering or end date of the purchase period. In fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010, ~~and 2009~~57,794, 80,372, ~~95,061~~ and ~~114~~95,~~452~~ 061 shares, respectively, were purchased under the Purchase Plan. As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, ~~234~~176,~~074~~280 shares remain available for issuance under the Purchase Plan. Effective November 30, 2011, the Board of Directors suspended activity under the ESPP.

Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plans

InDuring ~~November 1998~~fiscal 2000, the Company adopted ~~its~~two ~~1998~~non-statutory ~~Stock~~stock ~~Option~~option plans, the 1999 Non-Officer Equity Incentive Plan. ~~Under~~and the ~~1998~~2000 Non-Qualified Stock ~~Option~~ Plan, ~~the~~under ~~Board~~which a total of ~~Directors~~1,350,000 ~~could~~shares ~~grant incentive~~were orreserved for issuance. The terms of non-statutory ~~stock~~ options atgranted under athese ~~price~~plans ~~not~~are ~~less~~substantially ~~than~~consistent ~~100%~~with ornon-statutory ~~85%,~~options ~~respectively,~~granted ofunder ~~fair~~the ~~market~~1997 ~~value~~and of1998 ~~common~~plans. ~~stock,~~Shares asissued ~~determined~~through byearly ~~the~~option ~~Board~~exercises ofare ~~Directors,~~subject atto ~~grant~~the ~~date.~~Company's ~~The~~right ~~Company~~of ~~has~~repurchase ~~reserved~~at athe ~~total~~original ofexercise ~~4,856,082~~price. ~~shares~~The number of ~~common~~shares ~~stock~~subject ~~for~~to ~~issuance~~repurchase ~~under~~generally ~~the~~decreases ~~1998~~by ~~Stock~~25% ~~Option~~of ~~Plan.~~the ~~During~~option ~~fiscal~~shares ~~2009,~~one ~~options~~year ~~available~~after ~~for~~the grant ofdate, ~~approximately~~and 1thereafter,~~458,000~~ ~~shares~~ratably ~~expired~~over ~~under~~36 months. ~~the~~As ~~provisions~~ of ~~the~~April 30, ~~1998~~2012 ~~Stock Option Plan~~ and 2011, no ~~further~~shares ~~option~~were ~~grants~~subject ~~can~~to ~~be made under this plan~~repurchase.

~~During~~In ~~fiscal~~ August 2000, the ~~Company~~Board ~~adopted~~of ~~two~~Directors ~~non-statutory~~adopted ~~stock option plans,~~ the ~~1999 Non-Officer Equity Incentive Plan and the~~ 2000 Non-Qualified Stock Plan,. ~~under~~A ~~which a~~ total of 15,~~350~~000,000 shares were reserved ~~for~~under ~~issuance~~this plan as of April 30, 2006. The terms of ~~non-statutory~~ options granted under ~~these~~this ~~plans~~plan are substantially consistent with ~~non-statutory~~ options granted under the 1997 and 1998 plans. ~~Shares~~In ~~issued~~September 2006, ~~through early option exercises are subject to~~ the ~~Company's~~Board ~~right~~ of ~~repurchase~~Directors atamended the ~~original exercise price.~~2000 ~~The~~Non-Qualified ~~number~~Stock ofPlan ~~shares~~and ~~subject~~re-named toit ~~repurchase~~the ~~generally~~2006 ~~decreases~~Equity byIncentive ~~25%~~Plan, ofas ~~the~~described ~~option~~below. ~~shares~~The ~~one year~~2006 ~~after~~Equity ~~the~~Incentive ~~grant~~Plan ~~date,~~allows ~~and~~for ~~thereafter,~~the ~~ratably~~grant ~~over~~of ~~36 months.~~other Astypes of ~~April 30,~~equity ~~2011~~awards, noincluding ~~shares~~restricted ~~were~~stock ~~subject~~awards toand ~~repurchase~~restricted stock units.

On July 25, 2000, the Company purchased the net assets of Atmosphere Networks, and assumed all outstanding stock options that had been granted under the Atmosphere Networks 1997 Stock Plan (the "Atmosphere Plan"). The option shares under the Atmosphere Plan were converted into 122,236 options to purchase the Company's common stock. The calculation of the conversion of option shares was determined using the approximate fair market values of the Atmosphere Networks and the Company's common stock prices within a one-week period up to the date of the acquisition. After July 25, 2000, no new options are permitted to be granted under the Atmosphere Plan. The options granted under this plan are substantially consistent with the terms of options granted under the Company's stock option plans.

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In August 2000, the Board of Directors adopted the 2000 Non-Qualified Stock Plan. A total of 5,000,000 shares were reserved under this plan as of April 30, 2006. The terms of options granted under this plan are substantially consistent with options granted under the 1997 and 1998 plans. In September 2006, the Board of Directors amended the 2000 Non-Qualified Stock Plan and re-named it the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, as described below. The 2006 Equity Incentive Plan allows for the grant of other types of equity awards, including restricted stock and restricted stock units.

On June 30, 2005, the Company acquired Jasomi and assumed all outstanding stock options that had been granted under the Jasomi Networks 2001 Stock Plan (the "Jasomi Plan"). The options under the Jasomi Plan were converted into 191,111 options to purchase the Company's common stock. The calculation of the conversion of options was determined using the approximate fair market values of the Jasomi and the Company's common stock prices within a one-week period up to the date of the acquisition. After June 30, 2005, no new options are permitted to be granted under the Jasomi Plan. The options granted under this plan are substantially consistent with the terms of options granted under the Company's stock option plans.

In connection with the acquisition of Jasomi on June 30, 2005, the Board of Directors adopted the 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan. This plan allows for up to 500,000 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units to be granted to newly hired employees. The Jasomi Canada employees hired by the Company received shares with a vesting schedule of 1/3 of the shares vesting on the first anniversary of the acquisition date, and the remaining vesting in eight (8) successive equal quarterly installments over the two (2)-year period measured from the first anniversary of the closing date.

In November 2005, the Board also adopted the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan. A total of 200,000 shares were approved for issuance as non-qualified stock options to new hired employees only. The terms of the plan are substantially consistent with the non-qualified stock options granted under the Company's other stock option plans, except that the plan does not allow the early exercise of stock options. In February 2006, another 300,000 shares were approved and added to the reserve in connection with the hiring of the new vice president of worldwide sales. As of April 30, 2011, 500,000 shares have been reserved under the plan. 65

~~In September~~Table ~~2006, the Board~~ of Directors amended the 2000 Non-Qualified Stock Plan and re-named it the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, reserving an additional 2,000,000 shares. As a result of the increase, a total of 7,000,000 shares have been reserved under this plan as of April 30, 2011. The terms of non-statutory options granted under this plan are substantially consistent with non-statutory options granted under the 2000 plan. However, the new plan allows for the grant of other types of equity awards, including restricted stock and restricted stock units. Restricted stock and restricted stock units generally vest over four years with 25% vesting after the first year and the remaining shares vesting ratably every six months thereafter. All options under the option plans described above have a ten-year term. Contents

restricted stock units to be granted to newly hired employees. The Jasomi Canada employees hired by the Company received shares with a vesting schedule of ¹/3 of the shares vesting on the first anniversary of the acquisition date, and the remaining vesting in eight (8) successive equal quarterly installments over the two (2)-year period measured from the first anniversary of the closing date.

In November 2005, the Board also adopted the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan. A total of 200,000 shares were approved for issuance as non-qualified stock options to new hired employees only. The terms of the plan are substantially consistent with the non-qualified stock options granted under the Company's other stock option plans, except that the plan does not allow the early exercise of stock options. In February 2006, another 300,000 shares were approved and added to the reserve in connection with the hiring of the new vice president of worldwide sales. As of April 30, 2012, 500,000 shares have been reserved under the plan.

In September 2006, the Board of Directors amended the 2000 Non-Qualified Stock Plan and re-named it the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, reserving an additional 2,000,000 shares. As a result of the increase, a total of 7,000,000 shares have been reserved under this plan as of April 30, 2012. The terms of non-statutory options granted under this plan are substantially consistent with non-statutory options granted under the 2000 plan. However, the new plan allows for the grant of other types of equity awards, including restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units generally vest over three or four years with 33% or 25%, respectively, vesting after the first year and the remaining shares vesting ratably every six months thereafter. All options under the option plans described above have a ten-year term.

Directors Stock Option Plan

In March 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan. Under this stock option plan an an aggregate of 650,000 shares were reserved. However, as of the end of fiscal 2009, this plan expired and no further option grants will be made. Options granted under the plan prior to its ~~expiration~~ ~~have~~expiration had a 5-year term. Options were granted either on a one-time initial automatic grant of 35,000 shares each upon a director's initial appointment and ~~are~~were subject to ~~annual~~ annual vesting over a four-year period. Annual automatic grants of 10,000 shares each were made on the date of each annual meeting of stockholders to each incumbent director (provided they ~~have~~ have served as a director for at least six months) and are fully vested at the grant date. In fiscal 2012, grants to the Company's directors were made out of the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan.

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Activity under the stock plans referenced above was as follows (in thousands, except ~~life~~per ~~and~~share ~~exercise price~~ amounts):

					Outstanding Options	~~Outstanding Options~~
		Shares Available For Grant(1)	~~Shares Available For Grant(1)~~		Number of Shares	~~Number of Shares~~		Weighted Average Exercise Price	~~Weighted Average Exercise Price~~		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balances, April 30, 2008				2,180			7,060		$	7.13
Balances, April 30, 2009			2,695			5,038		$	5.80		$	111
	Restricted stock and restricted stock units issued			(94	)
Restricted stock units issued			(546	)
Restricted stock and restricted stock units forfeited	~~Restricted stock and restricted stock units forfeited~~		162	55
Options granted	~~Options granted~~		(1,433	~~(1,080~~)	)	1,433	~~1,080~~	$	$1.36	~~1.43~~
Options exercised	~~Options exercised~~		—	—		(61	~~(10~~)	)$	$0.91	~~0.57~~
Options forfeited	~~Options forfeited~~		306	~~365~~		(306	~~(365~~)	)$	$2.31	~~4.52~~
Options expired	~~Options expired~~		436	~~2,727~~		(436	~~(2,727~~)	)$	$8.71	~~7.70~~
Plan shares expired	~~Plan shares expired~~		(376	~~(1,458~~)	)	—	—
Balances, April 30, 2009				2,695			5,038		$	5.80
Balances, April 30, 2010			1,244			5,668		$	4.69		$	625
Restricted stock and restricted stock units issued	~~Restricted stock and restricted stock units issued~~		(26	~~(546~~)	)
Restricted stock and restricted stock units forfeited	~~Restricted stock and restricted stock units forfeited~~		30	~~162~~
	Options granted			(1,433	)		1,433		$	1.36
Restricted stock units exercised for taxes			31
	Options exercised			—			(61	)	$	0.91
Options granted			(526	)		526		$	1.33
	Options forfeited			306			(306	)	$	2.31
Options exercised			—			(20	)	$	1.10
	Options expired			436			(436	)	$	8.71
Options forfeited			199			(199	)	$	1.93
	Plan shares expired			(376	)		—
Options expired			1,333			(1,333	)	$	7.06
Balances, April 30, 2010				1,244			5,668		$	4.69
Plan shares expired			(820	)		—
	Restricted stock and restricted stock units issued			(26	)
Balances, April 30, 2011			1,465			4,642		$	3.77		$	320
	Restricted stock and restricted stock units forfeited			30
Restricted stock units issued			(1,554	)
	Restricted stock units exercised for taxes			31
Restricted stock and restricted stock units forfeited			157
Options granted	~~Options granted~~		(614	~~(526~~)	)	614	~~526~~	$	$1.03	~~1.33~~
Options exercised	~~Options exercised~~		—			(152	~~(20~~)	)$	$0.70	~~1.10~~
Options forfeited	~~Options forfeited~~		1,084	~~199~~		(1,084	~~(199~~)	)$	$4.58	~~1.93~~
Options expired	~~Options expired~~		465	~~1,333~~		(465	~~(1,333~~)	)$	$1.61	~~7.06~~
Plan shares expired	~~Plan shares expired~~		(212	~~(820~~)	)	—	—
Balances, April 30, 2011				1,465			4,642		$	3.77
Balances, April 30, 2012			791			3,555		$	3.47		$	27

(1)Shares available for grant include shares from the 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan and the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan that may be issued as either stock options, restricted stock awards or restricted stock units. Shares issued under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan as stock bonus awards, stock purchase awards, stock unit awards, or other stock awards in ~~which~~ which the issue price is less than the fair market value on the date of grant of the award count as the issuance of 1.3 shares for each share of common stock issued pursuant to these awards for purposes of the share reserve.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised in fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010 ~~and 2009~~ was $732,000, $427,000 and $1542,000, respectively.

71 The weighted average remaining contractual term for outstanding options as of April 30, 2012 is 5.90 years.

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The summary of options vested and expected to vest, and exercisable at April 30, ~~2011~~2012, comprised (in thousands, except term and exercise price):

		Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Aggregate Intrinsic Value			Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Fully vested and expected to vest options			43,~~464~~438		$	3.8755		$	~~309~~26			65.3081
Options exercisable			32,~~097~~443		$	4.9051		$	~~217~~21			54.3583

The summary of ~~unvested~~nonvested restricted stock awards for ~~fiscal~~the years ended April 30, 2012, 2011 and 2010 comprised (in thousands, except ~~grant~~per ~~date~~share ~~fair value~~data):

			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested restricted stock, April 30, 2010	44		$	4.29
Nonvested restricted stock, April 30, 2009	118		$	4.38
Restricted stock issued	—		$	—
Restricted stock vested	(1855	)	$	64.5540
Restricted stock forfeited	(2319	)	$	24.6848
Nonvested restricted stock, April 30, 2010	44			4.29
Restricted stock issued	—			—
Restricted stock vested	(18	)		6.55
Restricted stock forfeited	(23	)		2.68
Nonvested restricted stock, April 30, 2011	3		$	3.55
Restricted stock issued	—			—
Restricted stock vested	(2	)		4.12
Restricted stock forfeited	(1	)		2.43
Nonvested restricted stock, April 30, 2012	—		$	—

The aggregate intrinsic value of vested and expected to vest restricted stock units, which had a weighted average remaining contractual term of 1.08 years, was $276,000 at April 30, 2011. No restricted stock units were exercisable as of April 30, 2011. For the years ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009,~~2010 the total fair value of ~~shares~~restricted stock awards that vested was $16,000, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

~~The~~RSAs ~~summary~~and RSUs are converted into shares of ~~unvested~~the ~~restricted~~Company's common stock ~~units~~upon vesting on a one-for-one ~~fiscal~~basis. ~~2011~~Typically, ~~comprised~~vesting ~~(in~~is ~~thousands):~~subject to the employee's continuing service to the Company. Both RSAs and RSUs generally vest over a period of 3 or 4 years and are expensed ratably on a straight-line basis over their respective vesting period net of estimated forfeitures.


Nonvested restricted stock units, April 30, 2010	318
Restricted stock units issued	20
Restricted stock units vested	(108	)
Restricted stock units forfeited	—
Nonvested restricted stock units, April 30, 2011	230

The weighted average grant date fair value per share of restricted stock units granted in fiscal 2011 was $1.32.

As of April 30, 2011, approximately $850,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options and restricted stock/RSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years for options and 1.2 years for restricted stock and restricted stock units.

The key assumptions used in the fair value model and the resulting estimates of weighted-average fair value per share used to record stock-based compensation in fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 for options

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A summary of activity of RSUs for the year ended April 30, 2012, is presented below:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value

	(in thousands)					(years)		(in thousands)
Nonvested restricted stock units, April 30, 2009		7		$	7.21		0.89	$	7
Restricted stock units issued		420			1.05
Restricted stock units vested		(3	)		1.29
Restricted stock units forfeited		(106	)		1.08

Nonvested restricted stock units, April 30, 2010		318		$	1.11		1.35	$	493
Restricted stock units issued		20			1.32
Restricted stock units vested		(108	)		1.29
Restricted stock units forfeited		—

Nonvested restricted stock units, April 30, 2011		230		$	1.07		1.10	$	313
Restricted stock units issued		1,195			0.85
Restricted stock units vested		(5	)		1.32
Restricted stock units forfeited		(120	)		1.02

Nonvested restricted stock units, April 30, 2012		1,300		$	0.88		1.27	$	1,209

No restricted stock units were exercisable as of April 30, 2012, 2011 or 2010. For the years ended April 30, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the total fair value of restricted stock units that vested was $4,000, $0.2 million and $4,000, respectively.

As of April 30, 2012, there was approximately $1.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options, and RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years for options and 2.4 years for restricted stock units.

The key assumptions used in the fair value model and the resulting estimates of weighted-average fair value per share used to record stock-based compensation in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 for options

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and restricted stock granted and for employee stock purchases under the ESPP during these periods are as follows:

	Years ended April 30,
	2011			2010			2009
	2012			2011			2010
Stock options:
Dividend yield(1)		—			—			—
Volatility factor(2)		0.6870			0.6968			0.6569
Risk-free interest rate(3)		1.95	%		21.49	%		2.54	%
Expected life (years)(4)		4.7			4.67			4.6
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period	$	0.7458		$	0.7774		$	0.7677
Employee stock purchase plan:(5)
Dividend yield(1)		—			—			—
Volatility factor(2)		0.6472			0.7664			0.8476
Risk-free interest rate(3)		0.32	%		0.43	%		0.84	%
Expected life (years)(4)		1.0.5			1.0			01.80
Weighted average fair value of employee stock purchases during the period	$	0.5543		$	0.6155		$	0.5961
Restricted stock and restricted stock units:
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units:
Weighted average fair value of restricted stock and RSUs granted during the period	$	1.32		$	1.05		$	2.30
Weighted average fair value of RSAs and RSUs granted during the period	$	0.85		$	1.32		$	1.05

(1)The Company has no history or expectation of paying dividends on its common stock. (2)The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock at the date of grant based on the historic volatility of its common stock for a term consistent with the expected life of the awards affected at the time of grant. (3)The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a term consistent with the expected life of the awards in affect at the time of grant. (4)The expected life of stock options granted under the Plans is based on historical exercise patterns, which the Company believes are representative of future behavior. The expected life of grants under the Purchase Plan represents the amount of time remaining in the 12-month offering window. (5)Assumptions for the Purchase Plan use a weighted average of all enrollments during the fiscal year. ~~Enrollment~~Effective isNovember 30, ~~currently~~2011, ~~permitted~~the inBoard ~~May~~of Directors ~~and~~suspended ~~November~~activity ~~of each~~under ~~year~~the Purchase Plan.

Stock Repurchase Program

On June 13, 2007, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a $60 million stock repurchase program, a portion of which was to be accomplished in a Dutch Auction Tender Offer. On August 29, 2007, the Company filed a tender offer to repurchase up to 9,100,000 shares, or approximately $50.0 million worth, of the Company's common stock. In the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company completed the repurchase of 7,410,824 shares of its common stock for an aggregate cost of $41.0 million. The shares repurchased by the Company were immediately retired and the aggregate price of the retired shares was reflected as a reduction to stockholders' equity. There is no expiration date with respect to the remainder of the stock repurchase program.

The aggregate purchase price of the shares of the Company's common stock repurchased was reflected as a reduction to stockholders' equity. The Company allocated the purchase price of the repurchased shares as a reduction in common stock and additional paid-in capital. 70

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10. INCOME TAXES

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended April 30 was as follows:

					2011			2010			2009
		2012			2011			2010
		in thousands			~~in thousands~~
Current:
Federal	~~Federal~~	$	(7	)	$	(7	)	$	(47	)	$	~~(80~~	)
State	~~State~~		(5	)		(26	)		34			69
Foreign	~~Foreign~~		14			(10	)		(20	)		~~(51~~	)
Total Current		~~Total Current~~$	2		$	(43	)	$	(33	)	$	~~(62~~	)
Deferred:
Federal	~~Federal~~	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
State	~~State~~		—			—			—			—
Total Deferred		~~Total Deferred~~	—			—			—			—
Total		$	~~Total~~2		$	(43	)	$	(33	)	$	~~(62~~	)

The components of the Company's deferred tax assets consisted of:

		April 30,		~~April 30,~~
				2011			2010
		2012			2011
		in thousands		~~in thousands~~
Deferred tax assets (liabilities):
	Uniform capitalization			$	1,290		$	2,761
Net operating losses		$	52,474		$	55,423
	Depreciation				129			49
Tax credits			14,473			11,820
Inventory reserves	~~Inventory reserves~~		4,210		~~5,076~~	5,076		~~4,982~~
Other reserves and accruals	~~Other reserves and accruals~~		4,362		~~589~~	589		~~4,732~~
	Stock-based compensation				2,708			2,968
Stock-based compensation expense			2,079			2,708
Purchased technology, goodwill and other intangibles	~~Purchased technology, goodwill and other intangibles~~		1,705		~~1,116~~	1,116		~~795~~
	Tax credits				11,820			11,304
Depreciation			(262	)		129
	Net operating losses				55,423			46,649
Uniform capitalization			1,568			1,290
Total deferred tax assets		~~Total deferred tax assets~~	80,609		~~78,151~~	78,151		~~74,241~~
Valuation allowance		~~Valuation allowance~~	(80,609	)	~~(78,151~~	)(78,151	)	~~(74,241~~	)
Net deferred tax assets		~~Net deferred tax assets~~$	—	$	—$	—	$	—

Due to continued losses from operations and uncertainty as to the magnitude and timing of future operating profits, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets beginning in fiscal 2008. Substantially all of the Company's pretax losses have been generated in the United States, with foreign pretax losses representing $0.14 million, $0.61 million and $1.0.6 million, in fiscal 2012, 2011, ~~2010~~ and ~~2009~~ 2010, respectively.

As of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, the Company has federal and state tax net operating loss ~~carryforwards~~carry forwards of approximately $~~138~~131.82 million and $~~127~~116.59 million, respectively. If ~~not~~ not utilized, the federal net operating loss ~~carryforwards~~carry forwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2016, and the state net operating loss carry forwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2014. As of April 30, ~~2011~~ 2012, the Company had federal and state tax credit ~~carryforwards~~carry forwards of approximately $7.12 million and $69.30 million, respectively.

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The Company's effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate for the years ended April 30, principally due to the following:

			2011			2010			2009
		2012			2011			2010
Tax provision at federal statutory rate			35.0	~~35.0~~%	%	35.0	~~35.0~~%	%	35.0	~~35.0~~%	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit			5.4	~~5.0~~		5.0	~~4.0~~		4.0	~~4.4~~
Other permanent differences			—	~~0.7~~		0.7	—		—	~~0.3~~
Research Credit			2.5	~~3.0~~		3.0	~~2.1~~		2.1	~~2.0~~
Impairment of goodwill				—			—			—
Valuation allowance			(23.1	)		(42.9	)		(35.8	)
Valuation allowance				(42.9	)		(35.8	)		(37.1	)
Other			(19.8	)		(0.3	)		(5.1	)
Other				(0.3	)		(5.1	)		(4.4	)
Effective tax rate			0.0	%		0.5	%		0.2	%
	Effective tax rate			0.5	%		0.2	%		0.2	%

The tax provision for fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010 ~~and 2009~~ resulted in an effective tax rate of 0.50%, 0.25% and 0.2%, respectively. This effective tax rate reflects the continued establishment of a full valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets. As a result, the effective tax rate is primarily related to state and foreign jurisdictions in which the Company has on going tax obligations.

The Company's income taxes payable for federal, state, and foreign purposes have been reduced by the tax benefits from employee stock options. The Company receives an income tax benefit calculated as the difference between the fair market value of the stock issued at the time of exercise and the option price, tax effected. The Company did not record a benefit to the ~~Consolidated~~consolidated ~~Statements~~statements of ~~Shareholders'~~stockholders ~~Equity~~equity for fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010 ~~and 2009~~ as a result of electing to use the ordering provisions in the accounting guidance on income taxes with respect to reduction to the current tax provision. Accordingly, the net operating losses carried forward from pre-2007 years were utilized first to offset the current taxes payable prior to the impact of current year tax benefits from employee stock options.

~~Effective~~The ~~May 1,~~following ~~2007,~~is ~~the~~a ~~Company~~roll ~~adopted~~forward ~~the~~of ~~guidance on Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. This interpretation clarifies~~ the ~~criteria~~Company's ~~for~~total ~~recognizing~~gross ~~income~~unrecognized tax benefits ~~under the broader guidance on Accounting~~ for ~~Income Taxes~~fiscal 2012, ~~and~~2011 requires additional disclosures about uncertain tax positions. Under the guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the financial statement recognition of the benefit for a tax position is dependent upon the benefit being more-likely-than-not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable taxing authority. If this threshold is met, the tax benefit is then measured and ~~recognized at the largest amount that is greater than 50~~ ~~percent~~2010 ~~likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The cumulative affect of adopting the accounting for uncertainty~~ (in ~~income~~thousands) ~~taxes at May 1, 2007 was a decrease in the liability for uncertain tax positions and the opening accumulated deficit balance of $369,000.~~

The following is a roll forward of the Company's total gross unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands)

	2012			2011			2010

Balance as of May 1	$	504		$	451		$	385
Tax positions related to current year:
Additions for tax positions related to R&D credits		73			79			92
Additions for Foreign Taxes		—			2			17
Tax positions related to prior year:
Reductions for tax positions related to State Taxes		(6	)		(11	)		(3	)
Reductions for tax positions related to Foreign Taxes		4			(17	)		(40	)

Balance as of April 30	$	575		$	504		$	451

		2011			2010			2009
Balance as of May 1		$	451		$	385		$	523
Tax positions related to current year:
	Additions for tax positions related to R&D credits		79			92			129
	Additions for Foreign Taxes		2			17			—
Tax positions related to prior year:
	Reductions for tax positions related to State Taxes		(11	)		(3	)		(75	)
	Reductions for tax positions related to Foreign Taxes		(17	)		(40	)		(192	)
Balance as of April 30		$	504		$	451		$	385

As of April 30, 2012, the unrecognized tax benefits of $575,000 include $17,000 of uncertain tax positions that would impact the Company's effective tax rate if recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income taxes. Interest and penalties included in the consolidated statements of operations related to uncertain tax positions is immaterial for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2012, 2011 and 2010. The Company does not anticipate that the amount of liability for uncertain tax positions existing at April 30, 2012, will change significantly within the next 12 months.

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As of April 30, 2011, the unrecognized tax benefits of $504,000 include $24,000 of uncertain tax positions that would impact the Company's effective tax rate if recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income taxes. Interest and penalties included in the statement of operations related to uncertain tax positions is immaterial for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009. The Company does not anticipate that the amount of liability for uncertain tax positions existing at April 30, 2011 will change significantly within the next 12 months.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. Most U.S. and foreign jurisdictions have 3 to 10 year periods during which the taxing authorities may commence an audit. The Company is currently not under review by any taxing jurisdiction.

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11. REPORTABLE SEGMENTS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company is a global telecommunications equipment supplier for voice networks. Prior to fiscal 2010, the Company operated in a single business segment, ~~voice~~ voice quality enhancement solutions. Beginning in fiscal 2010, the Company changed its focus and now not only develops, produces and sells voice quality enhancement solutions but also voice ~~applications~~ applications solutions to telecommunication service providers worldwide. The Company's voice quality enhancement solutions enable service providers to deliver consistently clear, end-to-end communications to their subscribers. The Company's revenues are organized along two main product categories: product and services, the latter of which iscomprises ~~comprised of~~ the Company's ~~new~~ voice applications offerings as well as services in support of its voice quality enhancement solutions. Effective in fiscal 2010, the Company began operating in two business segments: the voice quality enhancement segment, which includes service revenues related to delivery of these solutions; and the voice applications segment. The segments are determined in accordance with how management views and evaluates the Company's business and based on the criteria as outlined in the authoritative guidance. A description of the types of products and services provided by each reportable segment is as follows:

Voice Quality Enhancement Segment

The Company designs, develops, and markets stand-alone and system-based voice quality products for circuit-switched and VoIP mobile networks throughout the world. The Company's products feature high-capacity, high-availability hardware systems coupled with a sophisticated array of voice optimization and measurement software to enhance the quality of voice communications. In addition to the hardware systems that ~~comprise~~compose this segment, the Company also includes services such as maintenance, training and installation which support the hardware system sales.

Voice Applications Segment

Voice services includes a range of applications and services with the common goal of utilizing the human voice to interface with various aspects of day to day life which have been historically limited to keyboard interface. The products include voice-to-text transcription services, voice-based interface with the web and web-based applications~~, including social networking and calendar applications~~.

Segment Revenue and Contribution Margin

Segment contribution margin includes all product line segment revenues less the related cost of sales, marketing and direct engineering expenses directly identifiable to each segment. Management allocates corporate manufacturing costs and some infrastructure costs such as facilities and information technology costs in determining segment contribution margin. Contribution margin is used, in part, to evaluate the performance of, and allocate resources to, each of the segments. Certain operating expenses are not allocated to segments because they are separately managed at the corporate level.

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These unallocated costs include sales costs, marketing costs other than direct marketing, general and administrative costs, such as legal and accounting, stock-based compensation expenses, acquisition-related integration costs, amortization and impairment of purchased intangible assets, restructuring costs, interest and other income (expense), net.

Segment Data

The results of the reportable segments are derived directly from the Company's management reporting system. The results are based on the Company's method of internal reporting and are not necessarily in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The Company measures the performance of each segment based on several metrics, including contribution margin.

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Asset data, with the exception of inventory, is not reviewed by management at the segment level. All of the products and services within the respective segments are generally considered similar in nature, and therefore a separate disclosure of similar classes of products and services below the segment level is not presented.

Financial information for each reportable segment is as follows as of and for the years ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012, and April 30, ~~2010~~2011, (in thousands):

		Voice Quality Enhancement	~~Voice Quality Enhancement~~		Voice Applications	~~Voice Applications~~		Total	~~Total~~
For the year ended April 30, 2011:
For the year ended April 30, 2012:
Revenue	~~Revenue~~	$	$11,843	~~15,007~~	$	$4,828	~~3,556~~	$	$16,671	~~18,563~~
Contribution margin	~~Contribution margin~~		3,444	~~6,295~~		(5,637	~~(5,192~~)	)	(2,193	~~1,103~~)
As of April 30, 2011: Inventories				4,689			—			4,689
As of April 30, 2012: Inventories			2,375			—			2,375
For the year ended April 30, 2010:
For the year ended April 30, 2011:
Revenue	~~Revenue~~	$	$15,007	~~21,836~~	$	$3,556	~~1,028~~	$	$18,563	~~22,864~~
Contribution margin	~~Contribution margin~~		6,295	~~7,090~~		(5,192	~~(6,006~~)	)	1,103	~~1,084~~
As of April 30, 2010: Inventories				5,985			—			5,985
As of April 30, 2011: Inventories			4,689			—			4,689
For the year ended April 30, 2010:
Revenue		$	21,836		$	1,028		$	22,864
Contribution margin			7,090			(6,006	)		1,084
As of April 30, 2010: Inventories			5,985						5,985

The reconciliation of segment information to the Company's consolidated totals is as follows (in thousands):

	Years Ended April 30,
	2011			2010
	2012			2011			2010
Segment contribution margin	$	1(2,~~103~~193	)	$	1,~~084~~103		$	1,084
Corporate and unallocated costs		(107,~~615~~772	)		(1310,~~546~~615	)		(13,546	)
Stock-based compensation expense		(~~1,234~~546	)		(1,~~697~~234	)		(1,697	)
Amortization of purchased intangible assets		(80	)		(6280	)		(62	)
Other income (expense), net		~~2,381~~10			~~(690~~2,381	)		(690	)
Loss before benefit from income taxes	$	(8,445	)	$	(14,911	)
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes	$	(10,581	)	$	(8,445	)	$	(14,911	)

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The Company's revenue from external customers by geographic region, based on shipment destination, was as follows (in thousands):

		Years ended April 30,	~~Years ended April 30,~~
			2011			2010			2009
		2012			2011			2010
USA		$	$13,617	~~14,947~~	$	$14,947	~~16,475~~	$	$16,475	~~8,555~~
Asia Pacific			1,365	~~2,647~~		2,647	~~3,025~~		3,025	~~4,265~~
Canada			53	~~435~~		435	~~290~~		290	~~1,006~~
Latin America			10	~~240~~		240	~~389~~		389	~~1,105~~
Middle East/Africa			308	~~110~~		110	~~1,459~~		1,459	~~3,107~~
Europe			1,318	~~184~~		184	~~1,226~~		1,226	~~610~~
Total	~~Total~~	$	$16,671	~~18,563~~	$	$18,563	~~22,864~~	$	$22,864	~~18,648~~

Substantially all the Company's long lived assets are located in the United States.

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12. PROFIT SHARING PLAN

The Company maintains a 401(k) profit sharing plan for all eligible employees. Employees may contribute to the ~~Plan~~plan based on statutory limits. Any Company contributions are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The Company made contributions to the ~~Plan~~plan during fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010 ~~and 2009~~ of $2824,000, $3328,000 and $3833,000, respectively.

13. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

The following table summarizes cash paid for income taxes for fiscal 2012, 2011, ~~2010~~ and ~~2009~~ 2010.

	Years ended April 30,
	2011			2010			2009
	2012			2011			2010
	in thousands
Income taxes paid (refunded), net	$	(165	)	$	(6616	)	$	85(66	)

Non-cash transactions for fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010 ~~and 2009~~ comprised (in thousands):

	Years ended April 30,
	2011		2010		2009
	2012		2011		2010
Issuance of debt in conjunction with exclusive distribution agreement	$	—	$	~~3,256~~—	$	—3,256
Value of warrant issued in acquisition		—		35—		—35

Inventory includes non-cash stock-based compensation of approximately $2,000, $52,000 and $5,000 for fiscal 2012, 2011, ~~2010~~ and ~~2009~~ 2010, respectively.

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date on which these financial statements in this Form 10-K were filed with the SEC.

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Schedule II
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in thousands)

		Balance at Beginning of Year	~~Balance at Beginning of Year~~		Additions	~~Additions~~		Deductions	~~Deductions~~		Balance at End of Year	~~Balance at End of Year~~
Year ended April 30, 2009
Year ended April 30, 2010
Allowance for doubtful accounts	~~Allowance for doubtful accounts~~	$	$289	~~315~~	$	$—	—	$	$(39	~~(26~~)	)$	$250	~~289~~
Reduction in force allowance	~~Reduction in force allowance~~	$	$430	~~240~~	$	$667	~~1,571~~	$	$(450	~~(1,141~~)	)$	$217	~~430~~
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance(1)	~~Deferred tax asset valuation allowance(1)~~	$	$69,061	~~59,074~~	$	$5,180	~~9,987~~	$	$—	—	$	$74,241	~~69,061~~
Year ended April 30, 2010
Year ended April 30, 2011
Allowance for doubtful accounts	~~Allowance for doubtful accounts~~	$	$250	~~289~~	$	$—	—	$	$(1	~~(39~~)	)$	$249	~~250~~
Reduction in force allowance	~~Reduction in force allowance~~	$	$217	~~430~~	$	$90	~~667~~	$	$(265	~~(450~~)	)$	$42	~~217~~
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance(1)	~~Deferred tax asset valuation allowance(1)~~	$	$74,241	~~69,061~~	$	$3,910	~~5,180~~	$	$—	—	$	$78,151	~~74,241~~
Year ended April 30, 2011
Year ended April 30, 2012
Allowance for doubtful accounts	~~Allowance for doubtful accounts~~	$	$249	~~250~~	$	$—	—	$	$(183	(1)	)$	$66	~~249~~
Reduction in force allowance	~~Reduction in force allowance~~	$	$42	~~217~~	$	$130	90	$	$(167	~~(265~~)	)$	$5	42
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance(1)	~~Deferred tax asset valuation allowance(1)~~	$	$78,151	~~74,241~~	$	$2,458	~~3,910~~	$	$—	—	$	$80,609	~~78,151~~

(1)Based on the level of recent financial losses and projections for future taxable income over the periods that the Company's deferred tax assets are deductible, the Company determined that it was no longer more likely than not that certain of its deferred tax assets were expected to be realized and therefore established a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets in fiscal 2008 totaling $59.1 million. In fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010, the Company increased its valuation allowance by approximately $32.95 million, $53.29 million and $105.02 million, respectively, related to incremental deferred tax assets generated in fiscal ~~2011~~2012, ~~2010~~2011 and ~~2009~~2010.

Item 9—Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not Applicable.

Item 9A—Controls and Procedures

Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. For example, controls can be circumvented by a person's individual acts, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the control. Because a cost-effective control system can only provide reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Ditech ~~Networks, Inc.~~ maintains disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure. In connection with the preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, as

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~~management, including our CEO and CFO, as~~ of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that as of April 30, ~~2011~~ 2012, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), for Ditech. Under supervision and with the participation of our management, including Kenneth Naumann, our principal executive officer, and William Tamblyn, our principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, ~~2011~~2012. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Our management has concluded that, as of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on these criteria.

Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting in the quarter ended April 30, ~~2011~~2012, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B—Other Information

None

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Part III

Item 10—Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Directors. Information concerning our Directors, including with respect to procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors and with respect to the composition of our Audit Committee, is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled "Proposal 1—Election of Directors" contained in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than August 28, ~~2011~~2012, in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Ditech Networks~~' 2011~~, Inc. 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement").

Executive Officers. Information concerning our Executive Officers is set forth under the section entitled "Executive Officers of the Registrant" in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance. Information concerning compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Act of 1934 is set forth in the section entitled "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" contained in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. The information required by this Item with respect to our code of conduct and ethics is incorporated herein by reference from the section captioned "Proposal 1—Election of Directors—Code of Business Conduct and Ethics" contained in the Proxy Statement.

Item 11—Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item is set forth in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Executive Compensation and Related Information," including under "Compensation of Directors" and "Compensation of Executive Officers." Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this Item with respect to security ownership of beneficial owners and management is set forth in the Proxy Statement under the caption, "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management." Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides certain information with respect to all of our equity compensation plans and grants made outside of any plans in effect as of April 30, ~~2011~~2012:

Plan Category		Weighted-average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights(b)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders(1)	42,~~232~~721,~~514~~396	$	3.5966	~~727~~451,~~373~~836
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders(2)	~~210~~1,260,000	$	52.7284	1528,~~004,868~~968
Total	43,~~442~~981,~~514~~396	$	3.7747	1980,~~732,241~~804

(1)Consists of Ditech's 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and the 1999 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan ~~and 1998 Stock Option Plan~~. With respect to the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, ~~234~~176,~~074~~280 shares available for issuance are included in column (c) in the reserve. Excluded are ~~3,011~~154 shares of unvested Restricted Stock Awards. No amounts with respect to the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan are included in columns (a) or (b). (2)Consists of Ditech's 1999 Non-Officer Equity Incentive Plan, the 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan, and the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan ~~and~~ ~~options~~ ~~assume in the Jasomi acquisition in June of 2005 (20,000 shares under outstanding options). Stockholder approval was not required for the assumption of the Jasomi options.~~

Description of Equity Compensation Plans Adopted Without the Approval of Stockholders

The following equity compensation plans of Ditech were in effect as of April 30, ~~2011~~2012, and were adopted without the approval of our stockholders: the 1999 Non-Officer Equity Incentive Plan, the 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan, and the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan.

1999 Non-officer Equity Incentive Plan

The material features of Ditech's 1999 Non-Officer Equity Incentive Plan (the "1999 Plan") are outlined below:

General

The 1999 Plan provides for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock bonuses and rights to purchase restricted stock (collectively "awards"). To date, we have granted only stock options under the 1999 Plan. An aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock is reserved for issuance under the 1999 Plan.

Eligibility

Employees and consultants of both Ditech and our affiliates who are not officers or directors of Ditech or any of our affiliates are eligible to receive all types of awards under the 1999 Plan, except that officers who have not been previously employed by Ditech are eligible to receive awards if the award is granted as an inducement essential to such officers entering into an employment contract with Ditech.

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Term of Awards

Exercise Price; Payment. The exercise price of nonstatutory options may not be less than 85% of the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. The purchase price of restricted stock purchase awards may not be less than 85% of the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. Stock bonuses may be awarded in consideration for past services actually rendered to Ditech or our affiliates.

The exercise price of options and restricted stock purchase awards granted under the 1999 Plan must be paid either in cash at the time the option is exercised (or at the time the restricted stock is purchased) or, at the discretion of the Board, (i) pursuant to a deferred payment arrangement or (ii) in any other form of legal consideration acceptable to the Board. The exercise price of options may also be paid, at the discretion of the Board, by delivery of other shares of our Common Stock.

Award Vesting. Awards granted under the 1999 Plan may become exercisable (in the case of options) or released from a repurchase option in favor of Ditech (in the case of stock bonuses and restricted stock purchase awards) in cumulative increments ("vest") as determined by the Board. The Board has the power to accelerate the time during which an option or a restricted stock purchase award may vest or be exercised. In addition, options granted under the 1999 Plan may permit exercise prior to vesting, but in such event the participant may be required to enter into an early exercise stock purchase agreement that allows Ditech to repurchase unvested shares, generally at their exercise price, should the participant's service terminate before vesting.

Term. The maximum term of options granted under the 1999 Plan is 10 years. Options under the 1999 Plan generally terminate three months after termination of the participant's service, subject to extension in certain circumstances. Ditech generally may repurchase shares that have been issued pursuant to stock bonuses or restricted stock purchase awards granted under the 1999 Plan but have not yet vested as of the date the participant terminates his or her service with Ditech.

Effect of Certain Corporate Transactions. In the event of (i) a dissolution or liquidation of Ditech or (ii) certain specified types of merger, consolidation or similar transactions (collectively, a "corporate transaction"), any surviving or acquiring corporation may assume options outstanding under the Option Plan or may substitute similar options. If any surviving or acquiring corporation does not assume such options or substitute similar options, then with respect to options held by option holders whose service with Ditech or an affiliate has not terminated as of the effective date of the corporate transaction, the vesting of such options (and, if applicable, the time during which such options may be exercised) will be accelerated in full and the options will terminate if not exercised at or prior to such effective date.

2005 New Recruit Stock Plan

In connection with our acquisition of Jasomi Networks on June 30, 2005, the Board of Directors adopted the 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan. The 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan does not require approval by our stockholders due to its qualification under the "inducement grant exception" provided by the ~~Nasdaq~~NASDAQ Listing Rules. The 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan provides for the grant of restricted stock awards and restricted stock unit awards to newly-hired employees as an inducement for those individuals to enter into an employment relationship with Ditech or its affiliates. For purposes of the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan, eligible employees includes only those individuals newly hired by Ditech or its affiliates, so long as those persons either (i) were not previously employed or serving as a director of Ditech or its affiliates, or (ii) entered into an employment relationship with us following a bona fide period of non-employment. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to restricted stock awards and restricted stock unit awards under the 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan is 500,000 shares. Jasomi Networks employees hired by Ditech received grants of restricted stock or restricted stock units that vested with respect to 1/3 of the shares subject to their award on the first anniversary of the grant date, and with respect to the balance of the shares in a series of eight

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(8) successive equal quarterly installments over the two year period measured from the first anniversary of the grant date. All grants under the 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan to eligible employees must be approved either by a majority of "independent directors" within the meaning of the ~~Nasdaq~~NASDAQ Listing Rules, or by our Compensation Committee.

2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan

In November 2005, the Board adopted the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan. The 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan does not require approval by our stockholders due to its qualification under the "inducement grant exception" provided by the ~~Nasdaq~~NASDAQ Listing Rules. The 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan provides for the grant of nonstatutory stock options to newly-hired employees as an inducement for those individuals to enter into an employment relationship with Ditech or its affiliates. For purposes of the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan, eligible employees includes only those individuals newly hired by Ditech or its affiliates, so long as those persons either (i) were not previously employed or serving as a director of Ditech or its affiliates, or (ii) entered into an employment relationship with us following a bona fide period of non-employment. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to nonstatutory stock options under the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan is 500,000 shares. All grants under the 2005 New Recruit Stock Plan to eligible employees must be approved either by a majority of "independent directors" within the meaning of the ~~Nasdaq~~NASDAQ Listing Rules, or by our Compensation Committee.

Item 13—Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item with respect to related party transactions is set forth in the Proxy Statement under the heading "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions." Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item with respect to the independence of our Directors is set forth in the Proxy Statement in the section entitled "Proposal 1—Election of Directors." Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14—Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this Item is set forth in the Proxy Statement under the Proposal entitled "Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm." Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

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Part IV

Item 15—Exhibits, ~~and~~ Financial Statement Schedules

(a): The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:
(1): Financial Statements

(1) Financial Statements

Reference is made to the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements of Ditech Networks, Inc. under Item 8 in Part II of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference here.

(2): Financial Statement Schedule

(2) Financial Statement Schedule

Reference is made to the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements of Ditech Networks, Inc. under Item 8 in Part II of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference here.

(3): Exhibits

(3) Exhibits

Reference is made to the Exhibit Index which follows the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference here.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		DITECH NETWORKS, INC.
July 25, 2011	By:	/s/ KENNETH D. NAUMANN Kenneth D. Naumann President and Chief Executive Officer
July 27, 2012	By:	/s/ KENNETH D. NAUMANN Kenneth D. Naumann President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signatures	Title	Date
/s/ KENNETH D. NAUMANN Kenneth D. Naumann	President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director (principal executive officer)	July 2527, ~~2011~~2012
/s/ WILLIAM J. TAMBLYN William J. Tamblyn	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)	July 2527, ~~2011~~2012
/s/ WILLIAM A. HASLER William A. Hasler	Director	July 25, 2011
/s/ ALAN B. HOWE Alan B. Howe	Chairman of the Board and Director	July 27, 2012
/s/ ALAN B. HOWE Alan B. Howe	Chairman of the Board and Director	July 25, 2011
/s/ FRANK J. SANSONE Frank J. Sansone	Director	July 27, 2012
/s/ FRANK J. SANSONE Frank J. Sansone	Director	July 25, 2011
/s/ J. MICHAEL GULLARD J. Michael Gullard	Director	July 27, 2012
/s/ DAVID M. SUGISHITA David M. Sugishita	Director	July 25, 2011

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Exhibit Index

Exhibit			Description of document
	2.1(29)		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 6, 2005, among Ditech, Spitfire Acquisition Corp., Jasomi Networks, Inc., Jasomi Networks (Canada), Inc., Daniel Freedman, Cullen Jennings and Todd Simpson.
	2.1(1)		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 6, 2005, among Ditech, Spitfire Acquisition Corp., Jasomi Networks, Inc., Jasomi Networks (Canada), Inc., Daniel Freedman, Cullen Jennings and Todd Simpson
	3.1(4)		Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ditech
	3.1(2)		Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ditech
	3.2(6)		Bylaws of Ditech, as amended and restated
	3.2(3)		Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ditech Networks, Inc.
	4.1		Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2
	3.3(4)		Bylaws of Ditech, as amended and restated
	4.2(7)		Specimen Stock Certificate
	4.1		Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3
	10.1(7)		Lease Agreement, dated August 18, 1998, between Ditech and Lincoln-Whitehall Pacific, LLC, as amended January 25, 1999
	4.2(5)		Specimen Stock Certificate
	10.2(8)(18)		1998 Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan
	10.1(6)(7)		1998 Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan
	10.3(8)(34)		1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
	10.2(6)(8)		1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
	10.4(8)(24)		1999 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan, as amended
	10.4(6)(10)		1999 Non-Officer Equity Incentive Plan, as amended
	10.5(8)(5)		Severance and Release Agreement, dated November 16, 2009, between Ditech Networks and Lowell Trangsrud
	10.5(11)		Letter Agreement, dated September 2, 2009, between Ditech Networks, Inc. and Lamassu Holdings L.L.C. and certain of its affiliates
	10.6(8)(14)		1999 Non-Officer Equity Incentive Plan, as amended
	10.6(6)(12)		Jasomi Networks, Inc. 2001 Stock Plan
	10.7(8)(10)		Employment Letter, dated as of September 24, 2007, between Ditech Networks, Inc. and Todd G. Simpson.
	10.7(13)		Form of Non-Employee Director Automatic Stock Option Grant
	10.8(11)		Letter Agreement, dated September 2, 2009, between Ditech Networks, Inc. and Lamassu Holdings L.L.C. and certain of its affiliates
	10.8(14)		Cash Compensation Arrangements with Executive Officers
	10.9(8)(20)		Jasomi Networks, Inc. 2001 Stock Plan
	10.9(6)(15)		Cash Compensation Arrangements with Non-Employee Directors
	10.10(13)		Form of Non-Employee Director Automatic Stock Option Grant
	10.10(6)(16)		2005 New Recruit Stock Plan
	10.11(8)*		2011 Cash Compensation Arrangements with Executive Officers
	10.11(6)(5)		Form of Indemnity Agreement to be entered between Ditech and each of its current executive officers and directors
	10.12(8)*		Cash Compensation Arrangements with Non-Employee Directors
	10.12(17)(18)		Reseller Agreement, dated September 10, 2009, between Ditech Networks, Inc. and Simulscribe LLC
	10.13(8)(27)		2005 New Recruit Stock Plan
	10.13(18)(19)		Amendment No. 1 to Reseller Agreement, dated April 29, 2010, between Ditech Networks and Simulscribe LLC
	10.14(7)(8)		Form of Indemnity Agreement to be entered between Ditech and each of its current executive officers and directors
	10.14(20)		Amendment No. 2 to Reseller Agreement, effective October 1, 2010, between Ditech Networks and Simulscribe LLC
	10.15(9)(2)		Reseller Agreement, dated September 10, 2009, between Ditech Networks, Inc. and Simulscribe LLC.
	10.14(5)(6)		Form of option agreement under the 1998 Stock Option Plan
	10.16(9)(6)		Amendment No. 1 to Reseller Agreement, dated April 29, 2010, between Ditech Networks and Simulscribe LLC
	10.15(6)(21)		2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan, as amended
	10.17(7)(8)		Form of option agreement under the 1998 Stock Option Plan
	10.16(6)(22)		Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan
	10.18(8)(21)		2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan, as amended
	10.18(6)(24)		2006 Equity Incentive Plan
	10.19(8)(26)		Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2005 New Recruit Stock Option Plan
	10.19(6)(25)		Amended and Restated Severance Benefit Plan
	10.20(3)		Second Lease Amendment, dated February 15, 2000, between Ditech and Middlefield-Bernardo Associates LLC
	10.20(6)(26)		Form of Stock Option Agreement to be Used for Grants of Stock Options Under the Ditech Networks, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan
	10.21(25)		Fourth Amendment to Lease Agreement dated July 31, 2005, between Middlefield II LLC and Ditech
	10.21(6)(27)		2006 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Award Agreement
	10.25(8)(19)		Form of option agreement under the 1999 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan
	10.22(6)(27)		2006 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement
	10.27(8)(30)		2006 Equity Incentive Plan
	10.23(6)(28)		Offer letter to Ken Naumann, dated November 4, 2010
	10.28(8)(17)		Amended and Restated Severance Benefit Plan
	10.24(25)		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Dividend Equivalent Rights for Officers and Employees
	10.29(8)(32)		Form of Stock Option Agreement to be Used for Grants of Stock Options Under the Ditech Networks, Inc. 2006 Equity Incentive Plan
	10.25(25)		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Dividend Equivalent Rights for Directors
	10.30(8)(33)		2006 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Award Agreement
	10.26(29)		Cash Compensation Arrangements for Kenneth Naumann for the second half of fiscal 2012
	10.31(8)(33)		2006 Equity Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement
	10.27(30)		Lease Agreement, dated December 21, 2011, between Ditech Networks, Inc. ECI Montague LLC
	10.32(8)(23)		Relocation Arrangement with Todd Simpson, dated May 9, 2007
	10.33(8)(31)		Amendment to Letter Agreement dated December 15, 2008 between Ditech Networks, Inc. and Todd Simpson
	10.34(8)(17)		Offer letter to Ken Naumann, dated November 4, 2010
	21.1*		Subsidiaries of Ditech Networks, Inc.
	23.1*		Consent of Burr Pilger Mayer, Inc., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
	31.1*		Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	31.2*		Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit			Description of document
	31.1*		Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	31.2*		Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	32.1*		Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	101 INS*		XBRL Instance Document
	101 SCH*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
	101 CAL*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
	101 DEF*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
	101 LAB*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
	101 PRE*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*Filed herewith (1)~~Reserved (2)~~Incorporated by reference from ~~the~~Exhibit 2.3 ~~exhibit with corresponding title~~ from Ditech's ~~Quarterly~~Annual Report on Form 10-~~Q/A~~K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2005, filed ~~February~~ July 1114, ~~2010~~2005 (Commission File No. 000-26209). (32)Incorporated by reference from ~~the~~Exhibit 3.2 ~~exhibit with corresponding title~~ from Ditech's ~~Annual~~Current Report on Form 108-K ~~for the fiscal year ended April 30~~, ~~2000,~~ filed ~~July~~May 3122, ~~2000~~2006 (Commission File No. 000-26209). (43)Incorporated by reference from ~~the~~Exhibit 3.2 ~~exhibit~~to ~~with corresponding title from~~ Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K, ~~filed May 22, 2006~~ (~~Commission~~ File No. 000-26209), filed September 21, 2011. (54)Incorporated by reference from ~~the~~Exhibit 3.2 ~~exhibit~~to ~~with corresponding title from~~ Ditech's ~~Current~~Annual Report on Form 10-K, ~~filed July 14, 2010~~ (~~Commission~~ File No. 000-26209), filed July 14, 2010. (65)~~Reserved (7)~~Incorporated by reference from the exhibits with corresponding descriptions from Ditech's Registration Statement (No. 333-75063), declared effective on June 9, 1999. (86)Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. (97)~~Confidential~~Incorporated ~~treatment~~by ~~has~~reference ~~been~~to ~~granted~~the asexhibit towith athe ~~portion~~corresponding oftitle ~~this~~from ~~exhibit~~Ditech's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission File No. 333-120278), ~~The~~filed ~~confidential~~November 8, ~~portion~~2004. (8)Incorporated by ofreference from such ~~exhibit~~plan ~~has~~from ~~been~~Ditech's ~~omitted~~Proxy ~~and~~Statement, filed ~~separately~~August 18, ~~with~~2010 (File No. 000-26209). ~~the~~(9)Incorporated by reference from such plan filed with Ditech's Proxy Statement filed August 16, 2005 (Commission File No. 000-26209). (10)Incorporated by reference ~~from~~to the exhibit with the corresponding ~~description~~title from Ditech's ~~Current~~Tender ~~Report~~Offer Statement on ~~Form~~Schedule ~~8-K~~TO, filed February 19, 2003 (Commission File No. 000-26209)~~, filed September 25, 2007~~. (11)Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 of Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-26209), filed September 3, 2009. (12)~~Reserved~~Incorporated by reference to the exhibit with the corresponding title from Ditech's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission File No. 333-126302), filed June 30, 2005. (13)Incorporated by reference from the exhibit with corresponding title from Ditech's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed December 11, 2009 (Commission File No. 000-26209). (14)Incorporated by reference tofrom the ~~exhibit~~description ~~with~~in ~~the~~Item 5.02, ~~corresponding~~and ~~title~~Exhibit 10.1, ~~from~~to Ditech's ~~Tender~~Current ~~Offer~~Report ~~Statement~~ on ~~Schedule~~Form ~~TO, filed February 19,~~8-K ~~2003~~ (~~Commission~~ File No. 000-26209), filed June 21, 2012. (15)~~Reserved (16)Reserved (17)~~Incorporated by reference tofrom ~~the~~Exhibit 10.12 ~~exhibit with the corresponding title~~ from Ditech's ~~Quarterly~~Annual Report on Form 10-QK for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2011, filed ~~March~~ July 1128, 2011 (Commission File No. 000-26209). (1816)Incorporated by reference to ~~the~~Exhibit 99.1 ~~exhibit with the corresponding title~~ from Ditech's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission ~~File~~ No. 333-~~120278~~126292), filed ~~November~~June 828, ~~2004~~2005. (1917)Incorporated by reference from the exhibit with corresponding title from Ditech's ~~Current~~Quarterly Report on Form 810-KQ/A, filed ~~September~~ February 2211, ~~2004~~ 2010 (Commission File No. 000-26209). (2018)~~Incorporated~~Confidential bytreatment ~~reference~~has been granted as to ~~the~~a ~~exhibit~~portion ~~with~~of ~~the~~this ~~corresponding~~exhibit. ~~title~~The ~~from~~confidential ~~Ditech's~~portion ~~Registration~~of ~~Statement~~such onexhibit ~~Form S-8~~has ~~(Commission~~been ~~File No. 333-126302),~~omitted and filed ~~June 30,~~separately with ~~2005~~the Commission.

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(19): Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.16 from Ditech's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, filed July 14, 2010 (Commission File No. 000-26209).
(20): Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2, to Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-26209), filed June 21, 2012.
(21): Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.22, to Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-26209), filed February 9, 2006.
(22): Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.23, to Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-26209), filed November 15, 2005.
(23): Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.35, to Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-26209), filed September 22, 2004.
(24): Incorporated by reference from such plan filed with Ditech's Proxy Statement filed August 2, 2006 (Commission File No. 000-26209).
(25): Incorporated by reference from the exhibit with corresponding title to Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-26209), filed December 14, 2011.
(26): Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2, to Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-26209), filed September 21, 2006.
(27): Incorporated by reference from the exhibit with corresponding title from Ditech's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed March 12, 2007 (Commission File No. 000-26209).
(28): Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 from Ditech's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed March 11, 2011 (Commission File No. 000-26209).
(29): Incorporated by reference to the description thereof in Item 5.02 of Ditech's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 10, 2012 (Commission File No. 000-26209)
(30): Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.5 from Ditech's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed March 13, 2012 (Commission File No. 000-26209).

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