0001682745--12-31falseQ2YesYesNovember 30 2026http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025#DerivativeGainLossOnDerivativeNet0001682745vrrm:PatentMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ProductMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2025-03-310001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMembersrt:BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember2023-09-052023-09-0500016827452024-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2023-12-310001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2023-12-310001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2025-03-3100016827452025-03-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2025-01-012025-03-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ServiceMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerCMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ShareRepurchasesAndRetirement2024Member2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2025-06-300001682745vrrm:OneMonthCreditSpreadMembervrrm:TermLoanAndSeniorNotesMembersrt:MinimumMember2024-02-290001682745us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ServiceMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745country:CA2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMemberus-gaap:ServiceMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745country:CA2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:ProductMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:InterestRateSwapMember2024-06-300001682745us-gaap:ServiceMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ProductMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2023-12-310001682745us-gaap:BaseRateMembervrrm:TermLoanMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerCMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanDueTwoThousandAndTwentyEightMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:OtherCustomerMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMemberus-gaap:ServiceMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2025-01-012025-06-3000016827452025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-01-012024-03-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2024-06-300001682745us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745country:GB2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:SeniorNotesDueTwoThousandAndTwentyNineMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerCMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanDueTwoThousandAndTwentyEightMembervrrm:LessThanOrEqualToThreePointSevenZeroAndGreaterThanThreePointTwoZeroMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Membervrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMemberus-gaap:ServiceMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CityOfNewYorkDepartmentOfTransportationMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMember2023-01-012023-12-310001682745vrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanDueTwoThousandAndTwentyEightMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:SeniorNotesDueTwoThousandAndTwentyNineMember2025-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerCMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745country:CA2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPeriodTwoMembervrrm:SeniorNotesDueTwoThousandAndTwentyNineMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ServiceMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SeniorNotesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ServiceMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember2024-03-310001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMembersrt:MinimumMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2025-01-012025-06-3000016827452024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-06-300001682745vrrm:SeniorNotesDueTwoThousandAndTwentyNineMember2024-01-012024-12-3100016827452025-08-010001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-03-310001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-01-012025-06-3000016827452024-12-310001682745vrrm:ShareRepurchasesAndRetirement2024Member2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ServiceMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:SeniorNotesDueTwoThousandAndTwentyNineMember2021-03-310001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2025-03-310001682745country:AU2025-01-012025-06-300001682745country:AU2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesMember2024-01-012024-12-310001682745us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember2024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ProductMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ProductMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:ServiceMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:OneMonthCreditSpreadMembervrrm:RevolverMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:TermLoanMembervrrm:SofrTwoPointSevenFivePercentageMembersrt:MaximumMember2024-02-290001682745vrrm:OneMonthCreditSpreadMembervrrm:TermLoanAndSeniorNotesMembersrt:MaximumMember2024-02-290001682745vrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanDueTwoThousandAndTwentyEightMembervrrm:GreaterThanThreePointSevenZeroMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:RevolverMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMembervrrm:SofrThreePointTwoFivePercentageMember2024-02-290001682745vrrm:SeniorNotesDueTwoThousandAndTwentyNineMember2021-03-012021-03-310001682745vrrm:TermLoanMember2021-12-310001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMember2023-12-310001682745vrrm:SofrOnePointSevenFivePercentageMembervrrm:RevolverMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2025-04-012025-06-3000016827452023-12-310001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745country:AU2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:RevolverMembervrrm:ThreeMonthCreditSpreadMember2025-06-300001682745vrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanDueTwoThousandAndTwentyEightMembervrrm:LessThanOrEqualToThreePointTwoZeroMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745country:GB2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ProductMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-01-012024-03-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMembersrt:BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember2023-10-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:AccountsReceivableMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2024-01-012024-12-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-06-300001682745us-gaap:PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember2024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:RevolverMembervrrm:SofrOnePointTwoFivePercentageMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMembersrt:BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember2022-11-300001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-03-310001682745us-gaap:PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-03-310001682745vrrm:VerraMobilityHoldingsLLCBusinessCombinationMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingExpenseMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:PrepaidExpensesAndOtherCurrentAssetsMember2023-12-310001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMember2025-01-012025-03-310001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:RevolverMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-03-310001682745us-gaap:TrademarksMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2025-03-310001682745us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:BaseRateZeroPointSevenFivePercentageMembervrrm:RevolverMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-06-300001682745us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2023-12-3100016827452021-03-012021-03-310001682745vrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanDueTwoThousandAndTwentyEightMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CityOfNewYorkDepartmentOfTransportationMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2025-01-012025-03-310001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerAMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMemberus-gaap:ServiceMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember2025-01-012025-06-3000016827452025-01-012025-03-310001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:VerraMobilityHoldingsLLCBusinessCombinationMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccountsReceivableMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CityOfNewYorkDepartmentOfTransportationMember2024-01-012024-12-310001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMembervrrm:SofrTwoPointSevenFivePercentageMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ServiceMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMembersrt:MinimumMember2024-02-292024-02-290001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2023-12-310001682745vrrm:ShareRepurchasesAndRetirement2024Member2024-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:RevolverMembervrrm:SofrOnePointFiveZeroPercentageMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingExpenseMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:RevolverMembervrrm:SixMonthCreditSpreadMember2025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMembersrt:BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember2025-05-172025-05-170001682745us-gaap:OtherCustomerMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerBMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerBMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745country:GB2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember2023-12-310001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CityOfNewYorkDepartmentOfTransportationMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ProductMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:VerraMobilityHoldingsLLCBusinessCombinationMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMembervrrm:SofrZeroPointZeroZeroPercentageMember2024-02-292024-02-290001682745country:GB2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMember2021-03-310001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2025-01-012025-03-310001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMembersrt:BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember2025-05-170001682745us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2024-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:ProductMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745country:AU2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:ServiceMember2024-04-012024-06-3000016827452024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:DevelopedTechnologyRightsMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2023-12-310001682745us-gaap:ServiceMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CustomerRelationshipsMember2025-06-300001682745vrrm:SeniorNotesDueTwoThousandAndTwentyNineMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:ProductMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2025-06-3000016827452025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2025-01-012025-03-310001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerAMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMember2025-06-300001682745vrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanDueTwoThousandAndTwentyEightMember2024-01-012024-12-3100016827452025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ServiceMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ProductMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745country:CA2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:DevelopedTechnologyRightsMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:SeniorNotesMemberus-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Member2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingExpenseMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CityOfNewYorkDepartmentOfTransportationMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:ProductMember2024-01-012024-06-3000016827452024-01-122024-01-120001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CityOfNewYorkDepartmentOfTransportationMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:DebtInstrumentRedemptionPeriodThreeMembervrrm:SeniorNotesDueTwoThousandAndTwentyNineMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OtherCustomerMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-01-012024-03-310001682745vrrm:PatentMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMembersrt:BoardOfDirectorsChairmanMember2024-12-112024-12-110001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerAMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ServiceMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerBMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:RevolverMembervrrm:BaseRateZeroPointTwoFivePercentageMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingExpenseMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:RevolverMembervrrm:BaseRateZeroPointFiveZeroPercentageMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:FairValueInputsLevel2Membervrrm:TwoThousandAndTwentyOneTermLoanMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMember2025-06-3000016827452024-03-310001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-01-012024-03-310001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerBMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:CommonStockMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:RevolverMember2024-12-310001682745us-gaap:CommonClassAMember2024-01-122024-01-120001682745us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:ShareRepurchasesAndRetirement2024Member2024-01-012024-12-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:AccountsReceivableMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMember2025-01-012025-06-3000016827452024-01-012024-03-310001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:TrademarksMember2025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OtherNoncurrentAssetsMember2024-03-310001682745us-gaap:PerformanceSharesMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:TermLoanMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMemberus-gaap:ProductMembervrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:RestrictedStockUnitsRSUMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMembervrrm:CommercialServicesSegmentMember2025-01-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2023-12-310001682745vrrm:ParkingSolutionsMemberus-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember2025-04-012025-06-300001682745us-gaap:SeniorNotesMember2021-03-310001682745us-gaap:SalesRevenueNetMemberus-gaap:CustomerConcentrationRiskMembervrrm:CommercialServicesCustomerAMember2024-04-012024-06-300001682745vrrm:GovernmentSolutionsSegmentMember2024-06-300001682745us-gaap:OtherCustomerMember2024-01-012024-06-300001682745us-gaap:RetainedEarningsMember2024-12-310001682745vrrm:RevolverMember2025-05-152025-05-15xbrli:purexbrli:sharesvrrm:Segmentiso4217:USDxbrli:sharesvrrm:Customeriso4217:USD

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________.

Commission File Number: 001-37979

VERRA MOBILITY CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		81-3563824
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)

1150 North Alma School Road		85201
Mesa, Arizona		(Zip Code)
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(480) 443-7000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


(Title of Each Class)	(Trading Symbol)	(Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered)
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	VRRM	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act:


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO ☒

As of August 1, 2025, there were 159,540,820 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.

VERRA MOBILITY CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION		5
Item 1. Financial Statements		5
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income		6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity		7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		8
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		10
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		24
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		37
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION		39
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		39
Item 1A. Risk Factors		39
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities		40
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		40
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		40
Item 5. Other Information		40
Item 6. Exhibits		41
SIGNATURES		42

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements contained in this Report other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, products, services, technology offerings, market conditions, growth and trends, expansion plans and opportunities, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “potentially,” “preliminary,” “likely” and similar expressions, and the negative of these expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

The future events and trends discussed in this Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ include the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (our “Annual Report”), Part II, Item 1A. of this Quarterly Report, and in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) which highlight, among other risks:

•

the impact of negative industry and macroeconomic conditions, including the impact of government actions and regulations, such as tariffs and trade protection measures, on our customers or us may materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations;

•

customer concentration in our Commercial Services and Government Solutions segments, including risks impacting these segments such as travel demand and legislation, and risks relating to our contract with NYCDOT (defined below), which comprises a material portion of our revenue. We extended our current contract with NYCDOT through December 31, 2025 to allow NYCDOT to continue to operate its automated enforcement program. On March 31, 2025, NYCDOT announced that it identified the Company as the vendor to manage New York City’s automated enforcement camera safety programs for an expected five-year period after the Company’s current contract expires in December 2025. The New York City automated enforcement program remains an active procurement. We are currently engaged in contract negotiations with NYCDOT and if the contract terms and pricing are materially different from our current contract, or if the parties ultimately fail to consummate a new agreement, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;

•

our reliance on specialized third-party providers;

•

risks and uncertainties related to our government contracts, including legislative changes, termination rights, delays in payments, audits and investigations;

•

decreases in the prevalence or political acceptance of, or an increase in governmental restrictions regarding, automated and other similar methods of photo enforcement, parking solutions or the use of tolling;

•

our ability to successfully implement our acquisition strategy or integrate acquisitions;

•

our ability to compete in a highly competitive and rapidly evolving market, including our ability to keep up with technological developments and changing customer preferences;

•

our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•

failure in or breaches of our networks or systems, including as a result of cyber-attacks or other incidents;

•

risks and uncertainties related to our international operations;

•

our failure to acquire necessary intellectual property or adequately protect our intellectual property;

•

risks and uncertainties related to litigation and other disputes and regulatory investigations; and

•

our ability to manage our substantial level of indebtedness.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment and new risks emerge from time to time. The forward-looking statements in this Report represent our views as of the date hereof. Except as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on our website, verramobility.com, under the heading “Investors” immediately after they are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We use our investor relations website, ir.verramobility.com, as a means of disclosing information, which may be of interest or material to our investors and for complying with disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor our investor relations website, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls, webcasts, and social media. Information contained on or accessible through, including any reports available on, our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this Report or any other report or document we file with the SEC. Any reference to our website in this Report is intended to be an inactive textual reference only.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Verra Mobility,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” as used in this Report refer to Verra Mobility Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.

Part I—Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

VERRA MOBILITY CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


(In thousands, except per share data)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	147,651		$	77,560
Restricted cash		6,274			3,594
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for credit losses of $21.7 million and $17.0 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)		217,359			206,503
Unbilled receivables		51,426			48,193
Inventory		16,090			15,502
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		36,335			42,647
Total current assets		475,135			393,999
Installation and service parts, net		34,571			36,631
Property and equipment, net		177,804			141,601
Operating lease assets		20,226			29,895
Intangible assets, net		200,917			232,297
Goodwill		742,390			735,615
Other non-current assets		44,389			44,451
Total assets	$	1,695,432		$	1,614,489
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	111,448		$	91,224
Deferred revenue		29,808			29,374
Accrued liabilities		61,586			73,980
Tax receivable agreement liability, current portion		5,163			5,163
Total current liabilities		208,005			199,741
Long-term debt, net		1,031,430			1,034,211
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		14,291			25,757
Tax receivable agreement liability, net of current portion		37,977			42,977
Asset retirement obligations		17,178			15,493
Deferred tax liabilities, net		15,670			14,699
Other long-term liabilities		18,779			16,486
Total liabilities		1,343,330			1,349,364
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000 shares authorized with no shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 260,000 shares authorized with 159,532 and 159,594 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		16			16
Additional paid-in capital		557,169			551,955
Accumulated deficit		(196,037	)		(269,287	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(9,046	)		(17,559	)
Total stockholders' equity		352,102			265,125
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,695,432		$	1,614,489

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERRA MOBILITY CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2025			2024			2025			2024
Service revenue	$	223,477		$	212,017		$	435,379		$	414,738
Product sales		12,548			10,409			23,900			17,418
Total revenue		236,025			222,426			459,279			432,156
Cost of service revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization		4,629			4,641			9,412			8,946
Cost of product sales		8,946			7,848			16,978			13,134
Operating expenses		81,317			74,903			155,056			145,543
Selling, general and administrative expenses		48,466			46,343			99,967			94,514
Depreciation, amortization and (gain) loss on disposal of assets, net		29,473			27,522			57,287			54,497
Total costs and expenses		172,831			161,257			338,700			316,634
Income from operations		63,194			61,169			120,579			115,522
Interest expense, net		16,572			18,845			33,208			38,480
Gain on interest rate swap		—			(23	)		—			(419	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		23			—			48			595
Other income, net		(6,003	)		(5,245	)		(10,112	)		(9,698	)
Total other expenses		10,592			13,577			23,144			28,958
Income before income taxes		52,602			47,592			97,435			86,564
Income tax provision		14,027			13,369			26,521			23,192
Net income	$	38,575		$	34,223		$	70,914		$	63,372
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment		6,386			1,434			8,513			(1,826	)
Total comprehensive income	$	44,961		$	35,657		$	79,427		$	61,546
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.24		$	0.21		$	0.44		$	0.38
Diluted	$	0.24		$	0.20		$	0.44		$	0.38
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		159,478			166,064			159,511			166,152
Diluted		161,543			168,615			161,804			168,670

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERRA MOBILITY CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)


For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders'
(In thousands)	Shares			Amount		Capital			Deficit			Loss			Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2024		159,594		$	16	$	551,955		$	(269,287	)	$	(17,559	)	$	265,125
Net income		—			—		—			32,339			—			32,339
Share repurchases and retirement		(686	)		—		(2,372	)		2,336			—			(36	)
Vesting of restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance share units ("PSUs")		501			—		—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options		13			—		170			—			—			170
Payment of employee tax withholding related to RSUs and PSUs vesting		—			—		(6,606	)		—			—			(6,606	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—		6,456			—			—			6,456
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—			—		—			—			2,127			2,127
Balance as of March 31, 2025		159,422			16		549,603			(234,612	)		(15,432	)		299,575
Net income		—			—		—			38,575			—			38,575
Vesting of RSUs and PSUs		65			—		—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options		45			—		671			—			—			671
Payment of employee tax withholding related to RSUs and PSUs vesting		—			—		(384	)		—			—			(384	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—		7,279			—			—			7,279
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—			—		—			—			6,386			6,386
Balance as of June 30, 2025		159,532		$	16	$	557,169		$	(196,037	)	$	(9,046	)	$	352,102


For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

	Common Stock						Additional Paid-in			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders'
(In thousands)	Shares			Amount			Capital			Deficit			Loss			Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023		166,555		$	17		$	557,513		$	(125,887	)	$	(10,176	)	$	421,467
Net income		—			—			—			29,149			—			29,149
Share repurchases and retirement		(534	)		—			(1,789	)		1,789			—			—
Vesting of RSUs and PSUs		445			—			—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options		50			—			689			—			—			689
Payment of employee tax withholding related to RSUs and PSUs vesting		—			—			(4,608	)		—			—			(4,608	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—			5,558			—			—			5,558
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—			—			—			—			(3,260	)		(3,260	)
Balance as of March 31, 2024		166,516			17			557,363			(94,949	)		(13,436	)		448,995
Net income		—			—			—			34,223			—			34,223
Share repurchases and retirement		(2,000	)		(1	)		(6,694	)		(45,155	)		—			(51,850	)
Vesting of RSUs and PSUs		120			—			—			—			—			—
Exercise of stock options		22			—			285			—			—			285
Payment of employee tax withholding related to RSUs and PSUs vesting		—			—			(1,050	)		—			—			(1,050	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—			6,590			—			—			6,590
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—			—			—			—			1,434			1,434
Balance as of June 30, 2024		164,658		$	16		$	556,494		$	(105,881	)	$	(12,002	)	$	438,627

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERRA MOBILITY CORPORATION

condensed consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025			2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	70,914		$	63,372
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		56,645			54,351
Amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts		1,903			2,394
Change in fair value of interest rate swap		—			147
Loss on extinguishment of debt		48			595
Credit loss expense		13,856			9,306
Deferred income taxes		(4,467	)		(699	)
Stock-based compensation		13,735			12,148
UTP reserve release		(1,682	)		—
Other		1,227			465
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(23,674	)		(21,968	)
Unbilled receivables		(2,710	)		(7,231	)
Inventory		182			653
Prepaid expenses and other assets		5,975			(4,192	)
Deferred revenue		(56	)		(2,208	)
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		7,900			(31,170	)
Other liabilities		(1,683	)		(1,595	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		138,113			74,368
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Cash receipts for interest rate swap		—			566
Purchases of installation and service parts and property and equipment		(56,118	)		(28,333	)
Cash proceeds from the sale of assets		99			90
Net cash used in investing activities		(56,019	)		(27,677	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Repayment of long-term debt		(4,509	)		(4,509	)
Payment of debt issuance costs		(262	)		(224	)
Share repurchases and retirement		—			(51,500	)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		841			974
Payment of employee tax withholding related to RSUs and PSUs vesting		(6,990	)		(5,658	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(10,920	)		(60,917	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		1,597			(98	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		72,771			(14,324	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period		81,154			139,722
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period	$	153,925		$	125,398

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERRA MOBILITY CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets	2025		2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	147,651	$	122,020
Restricted cash		6,274		3,378
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	153,925	$	125,398


Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	32,782	$	39,009
Income taxes paid, net of refunds		26,011		27,199
Supplemental non-cash information:
Purchases of installation and service parts and property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at period-end		8,570		7,864

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VERRA MOBILITY CORPORATION

Notes to the CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Description of Business

We are a leading provider of smart mobility technology solutions, principally operating throughout the United States, Australia, Europe and Canada. Our goal is to make transportation safer, smarter and more connected through our integrated, data-driven solutions, including toll and violations management, title and registration services, automated safety and traffic enforcement and commercial parking management. We bring together vehicles, hardware, software, data and people to solve transportation challenges for customers around the world. The Company is organized into three operating segments: Commercial Services, Government Solutions and Parking Solutions (see Note 14, Segment Reporting).

The Commercial Services segment offers automated toll and violations management and title and registration solutions to rental car companies (“RACs”), direct commercial fleet owner-operators (“Direct Fleets”) and fleet management companies (“FMCs”) and other large fleet owners in North America. Through its established relationships with individual tolling authorities throughout the United States, the segment provides an automated and outsourced administrative solution for its customers while also providing a value-added convenience for vehicle drivers and benefits to tolling and issuing authorities. The toll and violations management solutions help ensure timely payment of tolls and violations incurred by the customers’ vehicles and perform timely transfers of liability on the customers’ behalf, and driver billing and collections, as applicable. It also manages regional toll transponder installation and vehicle association—a critical and highly complex process for RAC, Direct Fleet and FMC customers—to ensure that the transponders (and corresponding toll transactions) are associated with the correct vehicle. In Europe, the Commercial Services segment provides violations processing through Euro Parking Collection plc and consumer tolling services through Pagatelia S.L.U.

The Government Solutions segment offers photo enforcement solutions and services to its customers which include complete, end-to-end speed, red-light, school bus stop arm and bus lane enforcement solutions. These programs are designed to reduce traffic violations and resulting collisions, injuries and fatalities. The Company implements and administers traffic safety programs for municipalities, counties, school districts and law enforcement agencies of all sizes. The international operations for this segment primarily involve the sale of traffic enforcement products and recurring maintenance services related to the equipment and software.

The Parking Solutions segment offers an integrated suite of parking software, transaction processing and hardware solutions to its customers, which include universities, municipalities, healthcare facilities and commercial parking operators. This segment develops specialized hardware and parking management software that provides a platform for the issuance of parking permits, enforcement, gateless vehicle counting, event parking and citation services. It also produces and markets its proprietary software as a service to its customers throughout the United States and Canada.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Management believes that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable in the circumstances; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Significant customers are those which represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue or accounts receivable, net.

Revenue from a single Government Solutions customer exceeded 10% of total revenue. The City of New York Department of Transportation (“NYCDOT”) represented 14.7% and 15.6% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 15.0% and 16.1% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. NYCDOT represented 16.5% and 17.2% of total accounts receivable, net as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. There is no material reserve related to NYCDOT open receivables as amounts are deemed collectible based on current conditions and expectations. No other Government Solutions customer exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable, net.

Significant customer revenues were generated through three of the Company’s Commercial Services customers, with each exceeding 10% of total revenue. Commercial Services Customer A represented 14.7% and 13.9% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 15.2% and 13.5% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Commercial Services Customer B represented 11.2% of total revenue for both the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 11.5% and 11.3% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Commercial Services Customer C represented 11.0% and 10.6% of total revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 10.6% and 11.2% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. No Commercial Services customer exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable, net as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

There were no significant customer concentrations that exceeded 10% of total revenue or accounts receivable, net for the Parking Solutions segment as of or for any period presented.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company reviews historical credit losses and customer payment trends on receivables and develops loss estimates as of the balance sheet date, which includes adjustments for current and future expectations. It identifies pools of receivables based on the type of business, industry in which the customer operates and historical credit loss patterns. The Company uses collection assumptions (typically at the customer level) to estimate expected credit losses. Receivables are written off against the allowance for credit losses when it is probable that amounts will not be collected based on the terms of the customer contracts, and subsequent recoveries reverse the previous write-off and apply to the receivable in the period recovered. No interest or late fees are charged on delinquent accounts. The Company periodically evaluates the adequacy of its allowance for expected credit losses and adjusts appropriately.

The following presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively:


	Commercial			Government			Parking
($ in thousands)	Services(1)			Solutions			Solutions			Total
Balance at January 1, 2025	$	16,038		$	332		$	648		$	17,018
Credit loss expense		12,938			49			869			13,856
Write-offs, net of recoveries		(8,857	)		5			(324	)		(9,176	)
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	20,119		$	386		$	1,193		$	21,698

	Commercial			Government			Parking
($ in thousands)	Services(1)			Solutions			Solutions			Total
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	15,661		$	2,426		$	426		$	18,513
Credit loss expense		9,158			106			42			9,306
Write-offs, net of recoveries		(6,221	)		(2	)		(29	)		(6,252	)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	18,598		$	2,530		$	439		$	21,567

(1)

This primarily consists of receivables from drivers of rental cars for which the Company bills on behalf of its customers. Receivables not collected from drivers within a defined number of days are transferred to customers subject to applicable bad debt sharing agreements. The allowance for credit losses for driver-billed receivables was 85% and 93% of the total Commercial Services allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Deferred revenue represents amounts that have been invoiced in advance and are expected to be recognized as revenue in future periods, and it primarily relates to Government Solutions and Parking Solutions customers. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $12.5 million and $11.8 million of deferred revenue in the Government Solutions segment, respectively. The Company recognized $1.4 million and $2.4 million of revenue excluding exchange rate impact during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $5.6 million and $5.4 million, of revenue excluding exchange rate impact during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to amounts that were included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the Company had approximately $21.8 million and $21.7 million of deferred revenue in the Parking Solutions segment, respectively. The Company recognized $7.8 million and $6.8 million of revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $17.8 million and $15.4 million, of revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to amounts that were included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Remaining performance obligations represent the amount of contracted future revenue not yet recognized as the amounts relate to undelivered performance obligations, including both deferred revenue and non-cancelable contracted amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The Company elected the practical expedients to omit disclosure for the amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations with original expected contract length of one year or less and the amount that relates to variable consideration allocated to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation to transfer a distinct good or service within a series of distinct goods or services that form a single performance obligation. As of June 30, 2025, total transaction price allocated to performance obligations in the Government Solutions segment that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $169.5 million, of which $75.9 million is expected to be recognized as revenue in the next twelve months and the rest over the remaining performance obligation period.

Interest Rate Swap

In December 2022, the Company entered into a cancellable interest rate swap agreement to hedge its exposure to interest rate fluctuations associated with the LIBOR (now transitioned to Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate, “SOFR”) portion of the variable interest rate on its 2021 Term Loan (as defined below). Under the interest rate swap agreement, the Company paid a fixed rate of 5.17% and the counterparty paid a variable interest rate. The Company entered into an International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreement with the counterparty which provided for the net settlement of all, or a specified group, of derivative transactions through a single payment. The notional amount on the interest rate swap was $675.0 million. The Company had the option to effectively terminate the interest rate swap agreement starting in December 2023, and monthly thereafter until December 2025. The Company treated the interest rate swap as an economic hedge for accounting purposes and any changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument (including accrued interest) and related cash receipts or payments were recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations within the gain on interest rate swap line item. The Company exercised its option to cancel the interest rate swap agreement during the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. The following details the components of the gain on interest rate swap for the respective periods:


	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)	June 30, 2024			June 30, 2024
Change in fair value	$	249		$	147
Cash receipts		(272	)		(566	)
Total gain on interest rate swap	$	(23	)	$	(419	)

The effect of remeasurement to fair value was recorded within the operating activities section and the monthly cash proceeds received were recorded within the investing activities section in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. See Note 7, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for further discussion on the fair value measurement of the interest rate swap.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires companies to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation, provide additional disclosure for reconciling items that exceed proscribed thresholds, and enhance disclosure regarding income taxes paid and sources of income (loss) from continuing operations including the tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements and disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement- Reporting Comprehensive Income- Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The ASU requires public companies to disclose, in the notes to financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period at a disaggregated level. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements and disclosures.

3. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following at:


($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Prepaid services	$	18,581	$	17,359
Prepaid tolls		7,709		8,751
Costs to fulfill a customer contract		3,005		3,710
Deposits		2,787		3,057
Other		4,253		9,770
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	36,335	$	42,647

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment:


	Commercial		Government		Parking
($ in thousands)	Services		Solutions		Solutions		Total
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	420,167	$	213,382	$	102,066	$	735,615
Foreign currency translation adjustment		5,994		781		—		6,775
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	426,161	$	214,163	$	102,066	$	742,390

Intangible assets consist of the following as of the respective period-ends:


	June 30, 2025					December 31, 2024

	Gross					Gross
	Carrying			Accumulated		Carrying			Accumulated
($ in thousands)	Amount			Amortization		Amount			Amortization
Trademarks	$	4,815		$	2,334	$	4,667		$	1,972
Patent		500			167		500			117
Customer relationships		560,817			379,855		557,958			348,138
Developed technology		40,215			23,074		38,659			19,260
Gross carrying value of intangible assets		606,347		$	405,430		601,784		$	369,487
Less: accumulated amortization		(405,430	)				(369,487	)
Intangible assets, net	$	200,917				$	232,297

Amortization expense was $16.4 million and $16.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and was $33.1 million and $33.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense in future years is expected to be:


($ in thousands)
Remainder of 2025	$	31,450
2026		57,818
2027		28,573
2028		22,519
2029		21,526
Thereafter		39,031
Total	$	200,917

5. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following at:


($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Accrued salaries and wages	$	26,103	$	34,310
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		6,912		6,925
Restricted cash due to customers		5,883		2,858
Accrued interest payable		4,225		4,211
Advanced deposits		3,762		2,993
Income taxes payable		2,807		662
Other		11,894		22,021
Total accrued liabilities	$	61,586	$	73,980

6. Long-term Debt, Net

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s long-term debt, net at:


($ in thousands)	June 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
2021 Term Loan, due 2028	$	691,059		$	695,568
Senior Notes, due 2029		350,000			350,000
Less: original issue discounts		(1,950	)		(2,322	)
Less: unamortized deferred financing costs		(7,679	)		(9,035	)
Total long-term debt, net	$	1,031,430		$	1,034,211

2021 Term Loan

In March 2021, VM Consolidated, Inc. (“VM Consolidated”), the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement No.1 to the First Lien Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “2021 Term Loan”) with a syndicate of lenders. The 2021 Term Loan has an aggregate borrowing of $900.0 million, maturing on March 24, 2028. In connection with the 2021 Term Loan borrowings, the Company had $4.6 million of offering discount costs and $4.5 million in deferred financing costs, both of which were capitalized and are being amortized over the remaining life of the 2021 Term Loan.

In February 2024, VM Consolidated entered into a third amendment to the 2021 Term Loan (the “Third Amendment”) and in October 2024, a fourth amendment to the 2021 Term Loan (the “Fourth Amendment”) to refinance the 2021 Term Loan (the “Refinancing Transactions”). Pursuant to the Third and Fourth Amendments, the interest rate was reduced by an aggregate 1.00% to SOFR plus 2.25% from SOFR plus 3.25%, with the SOFR floor unchanged at 0.00%. The credit spread adjustment, ranging from 0.11448% to 0.71513%, was eliminated. In addition, the 2021 Term Loan was amended to remove a provision for principal repayments which were previously required to be paid in quarterly installments. The Company evaluated the Refinancing Transactions on a lender-by-lender basis and accounted accordingly for debt extinguishment and debt modification costs (for the portion of the transactions that did not meet the accounting criteria for debt extinguishment).

During each of the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company made early repayments of $4.5 million on the 2021 Term Loan, and as a result the total principal outstanding was $691.1 million as of June 30, 2025.

The Company recorded less than $0.1 million of loss on extinguishment of debt during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, related to the write-off of pre-existing deferred financing costs and discounts in connection with the early repayments. It recognized a $0.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt for the six months ended June 30, 2024, related to the write-off of pre-existing deferred financing costs and discounts in connection with the refinancing of the 2021 Term Loan in February 2024.

The 2021 Term Loan bears interest based at the Company’s option, on either (i) SOFR plus an applicable margin of 2.25% per annum, or (ii) an alternate base rate plus an applicable margin of 1.25% per annum. As of June 30, 2025, the interest rate on the 2021 Term Loan was 6.6%.

In addition, the 2021 Term Loan requires mandatory prepayments equal to the product of the excess cash flows of the Company (as defined in the 2021 Term Loan agreement) and the applicable prepayment percentages (calculated as of the last day of the fiscal year), as set forth in the following table:


Consolidated First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (As Defined by the 2021 Term Loan Agreement)		Applicable Prepayment Percentage
> 3.70:1.00		50%
< 3.70:1.00 and > 3.20:1.00		25%
< 3.20:1.00		0%

Senior Notes

In March 2021, VM Consolidated issued an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million in Senior Unsecured Notes (the “Senior Notes”), due on April 15, 2029. In connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes, the Company incurred $5.7 million in lender and third-party costs, which were capitalized as deferred financing costs and are being amortized over the remaining life of the Senior Notes.

Interest on the Senior Notes is fixed at 5.50% per annum and is payable on April 15 and October 15 of each year. The Company may redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes at the redemption prices set forth below in percentages by year, plus accrued and unpaid interest:


Year		Percentage
2025		101.375%
2026 and thereafter		100.000%

The Revolver

The Company has a Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Revolver”). On May 15, 2025, the Company exercised its option to increase the commitments under the terms of the Revolver and entered into a fourth amendment to the Revolver which increased the existing commitment from $75.0 million to $125.0 million available for loans and letters of credit. The Revolver matures on December 18, 2026. Borrowing eligibility under the Revolver is subject to a monthly borrowing base calculation based on (i) certain percentages of eligible accounts receivable and inventory, less (ii) certain reserve items, including outstanding letters of credit and other reserves. The Revolver bears interest on either (1) SOFR plus an applicable margin, or (2) an alternate base rate, plus an applicable margin. The margin percentage applied to (1) SOFR is either 1.25%, 1.50%, or 1.75%, or (2) the base rate is either 0.25%, 0.50%, or 0.75%, depending on the Company’s average availability to borrow under the commitment. There is a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% for a one-month duration, 0.15% for a three-month duration, and 0.25% for a six-month duration, in addition to SOFR and the applicable margin percentages. There were no outstanding borrowings on the Revolver as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. The availability to borrow was $123.9 million, net of $1.1 million of outstanding letters of credit at June 30, 2025.

Interest on the unused portion of the Revolver is payable quarterly at 0.375% and the Company is also required to pay participation and fronting fees at 1.38% on $1.1 million of outstanding letters of credit as of June 30, 2025.

All borrowings and other extensions of credits under the 2021 Term Loan, Senior Notes and the Revolver are subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions and restrictive covenants including absence of defaults and accuracy in material respects of representations and warranties. Substantially all of the Company’s assets are pledged as collateral to secure the Company’s indebtedness under the 2021 Term Loan. At June 30, 2025, the Company was compliant with all debt covenants in its debt agreements.

Interest Expense, Net

The Company recorded interest expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts, of $16.6 million and $18.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $33.2 million and $38.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The weighted average effective interest rate on the Company’s outstanding borrowings was 6.2% as of June 30, 2025 and as of December 31, 2024.

7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, includes a single definition of fair value to be used for financial reporting purposes, provides a framework for applying this definition and for measuring fair value under GAAP, and establishes a fair value hierarchy that categorizes into three levels the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are summarized as follows:

Level 1 – Fair value is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Fair value is determined using quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 – Fair value is determined using one or more significant inputs that are unobservable in active markets at the measurement date, such as a pricing model, discounted cash flow, or similar technique.

The carrying amounts reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the immediate to short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt, net was calculated based upon available market information. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of long-term debt, net are as follows:


	Level in	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Fair Value	Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated
($ in thousands)	Hierarchy	Amount		Fair Value		Amount		Fair Value
2021 Term Loan	2	$	684,076	$	696,242	$	687,203	$	699,916
Senior Notes	2		347,354		345,625		347,008		341,250

The Company has an equity investment measured at cost with a carrying value of $2.0 million and $1.9 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is only adjusted to fair value if there are identified events that would indicate a need for an upward or downward adjustment or changes in circumstances that may indicate impairment. The estimation of fair value requires the use of significant unobservable inputs, such as voting rights and obligations in the securities held, and is therefore classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. There were no identified events that required a fair value adjustment during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The recurring fair value measurement of the interest rate swap was valued based on observable inputs for similar assets and liabilities including swaption values and other observable inputs for interest rates and yield curves and was classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following presents the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap in the gross balances within the below line items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024:


	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2024			2024
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Beginning balance	$	841		$	689
Change in fair value of interest rate swap		(42	)		110
Ending balance	$	799		$	799

Other non-current assets
Beginning balance	$	577		$	627
Change in fair value of interest rate swap		(207	)		(257	)
Ending balance	$	370		$	370

The Company separately classified the current and non-current components based on the value of settlements due within 12 months (current) and greater than 12 months (non-current). The Company exercised its option to cancel the interest rate swap during the third quarter of fiscal year 2024.

8. Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net income per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method.

The components of basic and diluted net income per share are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Numerator:
Net income	$	38,575	$	34,223	$	70,914	$	63,372
Denominator:
Weighted average shares - basic		159,478		166,064		159,511		166,152
Common stock equivalents		2,065		2,551		2,293		2,518
Weighted average shares - diluted		161,543		168,615		161,804		168,670
Net income per share - basic	$	0.24	$	0.21	$	0.44	$	0.38
Net income per share - diluted	$	0.24	$	0.20	$	0.44	$	0.38
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted net income per share:
Performance share units		325		11		325		13
Restricted stock units		20		—		6		80
Total antidilutive shares excluded		345		11		331		93

9. Income Taxes

The Company’s interim income tax provision is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that period. The estimated annual effective tax rate requires judgment and is dependent upon several factors. The Company provides for income taxes under the liability method. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements.

The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that these items will expire before the Company is able to realize their benefit. The Company calculates the valuation allowance in accordance with the authoritative guidance relating to income taxes, which requires an assessment of both positive and negative evidence regarding the realizability of these deferred tax assets, when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.

The Company’s effective income tax rate was 26.7% and 28.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 27.2% and 26.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

New Legislation

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including 100% bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing, and the business interest expense limitation. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this legislation but is expecting a reduction to the U.S. income tax liability and net deferred tax assets. The results of this evaluation will be reflected in the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

10. Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchases and Retirement

In November 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to an aggregate amount of $100.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 (the “Class A Common Stock”), over an 18-month period.

The Company paid $8.1 million to repurchase 449,432 shares of its Class A Common Stock through open market transactions during fiscal year 2023. On September 5, 2023, the Company used the remaining availability under the share repurchase program for an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) and paid approximately $91.9 million to receive an initial delivery of 4,131,551 shares of its Class A Common Stock in accordance with an ASR agreement with a third-party financial institution. The final settlement occurred on January 12, 2024, at which time, the Company received an additional 534,499 shares of Class A Common Stock calculated using a volume-weighted average price over the term of the ASR agreement. In connection with the settlement, the Company reduced the par value from common stock and $1.8 million from additional paid-in capital calculated using an average share price, with an offset of $1.8 million to accumulated deficit on the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.

In October 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to an aggregate amount of $100.0 million of its outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock over an 18-month period. In June 2024, the Company entered into a share repurchase agreement with a stockholder, pursuant to which it repurchased, directly from the stockholder, 2.0 million shares for an aggregate purchase price of $51.5 million. The repurchased shares were subsequently retired. In addition, the Company recorded approximately $0.4 million for direct costs related to the excise tax payable on net share repurchases. In connection with this repurchase, the Company reduced the par value from common stock and $6.7 million from additional paid-in capital calculated using an average share price, with an offset of $45.2 million to accumulated deficit on the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.

After the Company repurchased an aggregate 3.5 million shares for approximately $87.3 million in fiscal year 2024, in December 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $100.0 million of its outstanding shares under the then-existing program, providing the Company with approximately $112.7 million available for repurchases. On December 11, 2024, the Company entered into an ASR agreement with a third-party financial institution and paid $112.7 million to receive an initial delivery of 3,821,958 shares of its Class A Common Stock. The final settlement occurred on March 3, 2025, at which time, the Company received an additional 685,934 shares of Class A Common Stock calculated using a volume-weighted average price over the term of the ASR agreement. In connection with the settlement, the Company reduced the par value from common stock and $2.4 million from additional paid-in capital calculated using an average share price, with an offset of $2.4 million to accumulated deficit on the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity. In addition, the Company recorded less than $0.1 million within accrued liabilities related to the excise taxes payable on net share repurchases on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025. All repurchased shares were subsequently retired. The prior repurchase authorization expired on April 30, 2025.

New Share Purchase Program

On May 17, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to an aggregate amount of $100.0 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. Under the repurchase program, the Company may purchase shares of Class A Common Stock until November 2026 through open market purchases, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means, including trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and ASR agreements, each as permitted under applicable rules and regulations. The amount and timing of repurchases will be determined at the Company’s discretion and will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions, applicable legal requirements, and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of Class A Common Stock or at any specific time intervals and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion. The Company has not yet repurchased shares of Class A Common Stock under this program.

11. Stock-Based Compensation

The following details the components of stock-based compensation for the respective periods:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Operating expenses	$	1,503	$	1,073	$	2,601	$	2,139
Selling, general and administrative expenses		5,776		5,517		11,134		10,009
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	7,279	$	6,590	$	13,735	$	12,148

12. Tax Receivable Agreement

In October 2018, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (“TRA”) with PE Greenlight Holdings, LLC. On August 3, 2022, PE Greenlight Holdings, LLC sold and transferred to Lakeside Smart Holdco L.P (“Lakeside”), all of its rights, remaining interests and obligations as of that date under the TRA. The TRA provides for the payment to Lakeside of 50.0% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that the Company actually realizes (or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances) under the agreement. The Company generally retains the benefit of the remaining 50.0% of these cash savings. The Company estimated the potential maximum benefit to be paid will be approximately $70.0 million, and recorded an initial liability and corresponding charge to equity at the inception of the TRA.

At June 30, 2025, the TRA liability was $43.2 million of which approximately $5.2 million was the current portion and $38.0 million was the non-current portion, both of which are included in the respective tax receivable agreement liability line items on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the second quarter of 2025, the Company made an estimated payment of $5.0 million related to the 2024 tax year.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has issued various letters of credit under contractual arrangements with certain of its domestic and international vendors and customers. Outstanding letters of credit under these arrangements totaled $1.1 million at June 30, 2025. Additionally, the Company had $2.4 million of bank guarantees at June 30, 2025 required to support bids and contracts with certain international customers.

The Company is subject to tax audits in the normal course of business and does not have material contingencies recorded related to such audits.

The Company accrues for claims and contingencies when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, the Company reviews each of its matters and, where it is probable that a liability has been or will be incurred, the Company accrues for all probable and reasonably estimable losses. Where the Company can reasonably estimate a range of loss it may incur regarding such a matter, the Company records an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes its best estimate. If the Company can reasonably estimate a range but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, the Company uses the amount that is the low end of such range.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to legal and regulatory actions that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability when it believes it is probable a loss will be incurred, and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. The assessment as to whether a loss is probable, reasonably possible or remote, and as to whether a loss or a range of such loss is estimable, often involves significant judgment about future events. The Company has accrued estimated amounts related to legal proceedings as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 within accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The ultimate cost of litigation or settlement could be materially different than the amount of the current estimates and accruals and could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Brantley v. City of Gretna is a class action lawsuit filed in the 24th Judicial District Court of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana against the City of Gretna (the “City”) and its safety camera vendor, Redflex Traffic Systems, Inc. in April 2016. The Company acquired Redflex Traffic Systems, Inc. as part of its June 2021 purchase of Redflex Holdings Limited. The plaintiff class, which was certified on March 30, 2021, alleges that the City’s safety camera program was implemented and operated in violation of local ordinances and the state constitution, including that the City’s hearing process violated the plaintiffs’ due process rights for lack of a “neutral” arbiter of liability for traffic infractions. Plaintiffs seek recovery of traffic infraction fines paid. The City and Redflex Traffic Systems, Inc. appealed the trial court’s ruling granting class certification, which was denied, and their petition for discretionary review of the certification ruling by the Louisiana Supreme Court was declined. The parties entered into a settlement agreement and preliminary approval was granted by the court in April 2025. A final settlement amount has not yet been determined and requires final approval from the court.

14. Segment Reporting

The Company has three operating and reportable segments, Commercial Services, Government Solutions and Parking Solutions. Commercial Services offers toll and violation management solutions and title and registration services to RACs, Direct Fleets, FMCs and violation-issuing authorities. Government Solutions implements and administers traffic safety programs and products for municipalities and government agencies of all sizes. Parking Solutions provides an integrated suite of parking software and hardware solutions to its customers.

The operating and reportable segments were determined based on how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) regularly reviews the operating results of the various components of the Company for which discrete financial information is available, including based on the nature of the products and services and the type of customer. The Company defines the CODM as its Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s CODM primarily uses actual revenues and segment profit (defined below) as compared to previously budgeted amounts to evaluate the operating performance, allocate resources and deploy capital to the segments.

Segment performance is based on revenues and income from operations before depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation. The measure also excludes interest expense, net, income taxes and certain other transactions and is inclusive of other income, net. The tables below refer to this measure as segment profit. The aforementioned items are not indicative of operating performance, and, as a result are not included in the measures that are reviewed by the CODM for the segments. Other income, net included in segment profit below consists primarily of credit card rebates earned on the prepayment of tolling transactions and gains or losses on foreign currency transactions, and excludes certain non-operating expenses inapplicable to segments.

The Company adopted ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024, and as a result, updated the presentation of financial information by reportable segment. In addition, the CODM does not use discrete asset information to evaluate operating performance at the segment level, as such, the Company has not reported assets disaggregated by reportable segment.

The following tables set forth financial information by segment for the respective periods:

          
         For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025

          
         Commercial

         Government

         Parking

         ($ in thousands)

         Services

         Solutions

         Solutions

         Total

Service revenue

109,050

97,971

VERRA MOBILITY Corp 10-Q