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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 0-22140

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			42-1406262
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

5501 South Broadband Lane, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108

(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)

(877) 497-7497

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value	CASH	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.


Class:	Outstanding at January 28, 2026:
Common Stock, $.01 par value	21,763,685	Shares
Nonvoting Common Stock, $.01 par value	0	Nonvoting shares

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC.

FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents


Description		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	2

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31 , 2025 and September 30, 202 5	2

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended December 31 , 2025 and 2024	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended December 31 , 2025 and 2024	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended December 31 , 2025 and 2024	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended December 31 , 2025 and 2024	6

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	50

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	52
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	52
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	52


Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	52
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	52
Item 5.	Other Information	52
Item 6.	Exhibits	53
	SIGNATURES	54

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition


(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	December 31, 2025		September 30, 2025
ASSETS	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	331,217	$	120,568
Securities available for sale, at fair value	1,310,047		1,327,843
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $25,089 and $25,653, respectively)	28,662		29,308
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock, at cost	24,310		24,708
Loans held for sale	87,969		179,421
Loans and leases	4,982,855		4,664,908
Allowance for credit losses	(58,840)		(53,319)
Accrued interest receivable	36,174		38,520
Premises, furniture, and equipment, net	42,370		40,632
Rental equipment, net	154,533		159,446
Goodwill and intangible assets	309,712		310,430
Other assets	311,196		329,879
Total assets	$	7,560,205	$	7,172,344

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

LIABILITIES

Deposits	$	6,350,394	$	5,886,947
Short-term borrowings	—		9,000
Long-term borrowings	33,482		33,456
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	322,617		385,487
Total liabilities	6,706,493		6,314,890

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, 3,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued, none outstanding at December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025, respectively	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized, 22,220,603 and 22,842,785 shares issued, 22,169,535 and 22,772,570 shares outstanding at December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025, respectively	222		228
Common stock, Nonvoting, $0.01 par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued, none outstanding at December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025, respectively	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	651,199		648,330
Retained earnings	346,529		359,830
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(134,996)		(145,461)
Treasury stock, at cost, 51,068 and 70,215 common shares at December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025, respectively	(8,419)		(4,882)
Total equity attributable to parent	854,535		858,045
Noncontrolling interest	(823)		(591)
Total stockholders’ equity	853,712		857,454
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	7,560,205	$	7,172,344

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)		2025		2024
Interest and dividend income:
Loans and leases, including fees		$	107,775	$	111,849
Mortgage-backed securities		7,812		8,986
Other investments		5,635		7,522
		121,222		128,357
Interest expense:
Deposits		206		775
FHLB advances and other borrowings		1,678		2,331
		1,884		3,106

Net interest income		119,338		125,251

Provision for credit loss		3,230		18,661

Net interest income after provision for credit loss		116,108		106,590

Noninterest income:
Refund transfer product fees		355		410
Refund advance and other tax fee income		131		459
Card and deposit fees		30,140		29,066
Rental income		11,620		13,708
(Loss) on sale of securities		—		(15,671)
Gain on divestitures		—		16,404
Secondary market revenue		4,157		4,378

Gain on sale of other		488		987
Other income		6,872		7,637
Total noninterest income		53,763		57,378

Noninterest expense:
Compensation and benefits		51,864		49,292
Refund transfer product expense		73		108
Refund advance expense		72		34
Card processing		30,437		33,314
Building and software		12,580		9,706
Operating lease equipment depreciation		9,995		11,426
Legal and consulting		5,554		5,225
Intangible amortization		718		812

Other expense		15,920		17,880
Total noninterest expense		127,213		127,797

Income before income tax expense		42,658		36,171

Income tax expense		7,193		6,005

Net income before noncontrolling interest		35,465		30,166
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		299		199
Net income attributable to parent		$	35,166	$	29,967

Earnings per common share:
Basic		$	1.57	$	1.23
Diluted		$	1.57	$	1.23

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2025		2024
Net income before noncontrolling interest		$	35,465	$	30,166

Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities		12,855		(62,340)
Net loss realized on debt securities		—		15,671
		12,855		(46,669)
Unrealized gain (loss) on currency translation		792		(2,017)
Deferred income tax effect		3,182		(11,163)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		10,465		(37,523)
Total comprehensive income (loss)		45,930		(7,357)
Total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest		299		199
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to parent		$	45,631	$	(7,556)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Pathward Financial, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, September 30, 2025	$	228	$	648,330	$	359,830	$	(145,461)	$	(4,882)	$	858,045	$	(591)	$	857,454
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.05 per share)	—		—		(1,109)		—		—		(1,109)		—		(1,109)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	1		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Repurchases of common stock	(7)		7		(47,358)		—		(3,537)		(50,895)		—		(50,895)

Stock compensation	—		2,862		—		—		—		2,862		—		2,862
Total other comprehensive income	—		—		—		10,465		—		10,465		—		10,465

Net income	—		—		35,166		—		—		35,166		299		35,465
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(531)		(531)
Balance, December 31, 2025	$	222	$	651,199	$	346,529	$	(134,996)	$	(8,419)	$	854,535	$	(823)	$	853,712

Balance, September 30, 2024	$	248	$	638,803	$	337,058	$	(153,394)	$	(249)	$	822,466	$	(277)	$	822,189
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.05 per share)	—		—		(1,202)		—		—		(1,202)		—		(1,202)

Repurchases of common stock	(7)		7		(52,377)		—		(4,633)		(57,010)		—		(57,010)

Stock compensation	—		1,612		—		—		—		1,612		—		1,612
Total other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(37,523)		—		(37,523)		—		(37,523)

Net income	—		—		29,967		—		—		29,967		199		30,166
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(678)		(678)
Balance, December 31, 2024	$	241	$	640,422	$	313,446	$	(190,917)	$	(4,882)	$	758,310	$	(756)	$	757,554

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income before noncontrolling interest	$	35,465	$	30,166
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	13,395		14,918
Provision for credit loss	3,230		18,661
Provision for deferred taxes	1,456		1,999
Originations of loans held for sale	(1,038,931)		(853,109)

Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	1,176,324		618,432
Net change in loans held for sale	(3,050)		264,136
Net realized (gain) on loans held for sale	(4,157)		(4,378)
Net realized loss (gain) on securities available for sale	—		15,671

Net realized (gain) on divestitures	—		(16,404)


Net realized (gain) on other	(488)		(987)


Net change in accrued interest receivable	2,346		(3,894)
Net change in other assets	(17,278)		(30,332)
Net change in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(62,870)		(128,226)
Stock compensation	2,862		1,612
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	108,304		(71,735)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities available for sale	—		(1,168)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	—		160,135
Proceeds from maturities of and principal collected on securities available for sale	30,606		39,727


Proceeds from maturities of and principal collected on securities held to maturity	610		1,038
Purchases of Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock	(90,187)		(90,725)
Redemption of Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock	90,585		102,285
Purchases of loans and leases	(32,923)		(139,359)

Net change in loans and leases	(284,055)		(330,646)
Purchases of premises, furniture, and equipment	(4,236)		(2,087)

Purchases of rental equipment	(45,371)		(52,790)
Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	2,394		5,591
Net change in rental equipment	11		118


Proceeds from surrender of bank-owned life insurance	32,206		—

Proceeds from divestitures, net of transaction costs	—		600,232
Proceeds from sale of other assets	—		408

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(300,360)		292,759

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits	463,447		655,942
Net change in short-term borrowings	(9,000)		(377,000)







Dividends paid on common stock	(1,109)		(1,202)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	1		—
Repurchases of common stock	(50,895)		(57,010)
Investment by (distributions to) noncontrolling interest	(531)		(678)
Net cash provided by financing activities	401,913		220,052

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	792		(2,017)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents	210,649		439,059

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of fiscal year	120,568		158,337
Cash and cash equivalents at end of fiscal period	$	331,217	$	597,396

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PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	1,345	$	2,906
Income taxes	927		1,407
Franchise and other taxes	75		76

Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities:




Transfers

Held for sale to loans and leases	$	88	$	2,500
Loans and leases to held for sale	39,251		—
Loans and leases to rental equipment	2,276		1,604

Rental equipment to loan and leases	40,570		36,263

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 included in Pathward Financial, Inc.’s ("Pathward Financial" or the “Company") Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on November 25, 2025. Accordingly, footnote disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited consolidated financial statements have been omitted.

The financial information of the Company included herein has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and has been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Such information reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of the three months ended December 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026.

Certain prior fiscal year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year financial statement presentation. These reclassifications did not impact previously reported net income, comprehensive income or the statement of financial condition.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES ("ASU")

Significant accounting policies in effect and disclosed within the Company’s most recent audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2025 remain substantially unchanged.

The following ASU became effective for the Company on October 1, 2025.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (ASC 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires enhanced income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information to provide further transparency surrounding the Company’s income tax position. The amendments in this ASU will result in disclosure only impacts that the Company will first apply for its annual reporting period ending September 30, 2026. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of such amendments to the relevant annual disclosures.

The following ASUs have been issued and are considered applicable to the Company, but have not yet been adopted.

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU requires public entities to provide enhanced disaggregation of certain expense categories presented in the income statement to improve transparency and consistency in financial reporting. The new guidance aims to provide investors with more detailed information regarding the nature of a company’s expenses. The amendments will be effective for the Company beginning with the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027, and interim periods within that fiscal year. The amendments are to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of such amendments to the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. This ASU clarifies the measurement of expected credit losses for accounts receivable and contract assets arising from revenue transactions, aligning the application of Topic 326 with the revenue recognition guidance in Topic 606. The amendments are intended to reduce diversity in practice and improve the consistency of credit loss estimates across similar financial assets. The amendments will be effective for the Company beginning on October 1, 2026, and will apply to interim periods within the fiscal year ending September 30, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of such amendments to the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). This ASU modernizes the accounting for internally used software by streamlining when costs may be capitalized and by enhancing disclosure and presentation requirements. The amendments will be effective for the Company beginning on October 1, 2028, and will apply to interim periods within the fiscal year ending September 30, 2029. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of such amendments to the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU refines the scope of derivative accounting and clarifies the treatment of certain share-based noncash consideration received from customers. The amendments are intended to enhance clarity and consistency in applying derivative and revenue recognition guidance. The amendments will be effective for the Company beginning on October 1, 2027 and will apply to interim periods within the fiscal year ending September 30, 2028. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of such amendments to the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2025-08, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans This ASU changes the accounting for certain acquired loans by requiring entities to apply a “gross-up” approach at acquisition for purchased seasoned loans, recognizing an allowance for expected credit losses as part of the acquisition accounting rather than through a post-acquisition provision. The amendments are to be applied prospectively to loans acquired on or after the initial application date. The ASU will be effective for the Company on October 1, 2027. Early adoption is permitted but not expected to be exercised by the Company at this time.

ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270) Narrow-Scope Improvements. This ASU clarifies when Topic 270 applies and enhances usability by (among other changes) specifying the form/content of interim financial statements, providing a comprehensive list of required interim disclosures, and introducing a disclosure principle for material events since the last annual period—without intending to significantly expand or reduce interim disclosure requirements. The amendments will be effective for the Company beginning with the fiscal year ending September 30, 2029, and interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of such amendments to the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

ASU 2025-12, Codification Improvements. This ASU is part of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's standing "evergreen" project and makes a broad set of technical corrections, clarifications, and other minor improvements across many Topics to make the Codification easier to understand and apply. The amendments will be effective for the Company beginning with the fiscal year ending September 30, 2028, and interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of such amendments to the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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NOTE 3. SECURITIES

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values of debt securities available for sale ("AFS") and held to maturity ("HTM") are presented below.


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value
Debt Securities AFS
December 31, 2025
Corporate securities	$	25,000	$	—	$	(2,500)	$	22,500
SBA securities	11,425		—		(1,011)		10,414
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	162		—		—		162
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	207,489		22		(24,277)		183,234
Asset-backed securities	134,883		16		(1,774)		133,125
Mortgage-backed securities	1,108,518		141		(148,047)		960,612
Total debt securities AFS	$	1,487,477	$	179	$	(177,609)	$	1,310,047
September 30, 2025
Corporate securities	$	25,000	$	—	$	(3,750)	$	21,250
SBA securities	11,791		—		(1,022)		10,769
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	162		—		—		162
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	213,072		25		(26,057)		187,040
Asset-backed securities	138,698		21		(2,347)		136,372
Mortgage-backed securities	1,129,406		57		(157,213)		972,250
Total debt securities AFS	$	1,518,129	$	103	$	(190,389)	$	1,327,843

Debt Securities HTM
December 31, 2025
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	26,833	$	—	$	(3,358)	$	23,475
Mortgage-backed securities	1,829		—		(215)		1,614
Total debt securities HTM	$	28,662	$	—	$	(3,573)	$	25,089
September 30, 2025
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	27,373	$	—	$	(3,430)	$	23,943
Mortgage-backed securities	1,935		—		(225)		1,710
Total debt securities HTM	$	29,308	$	—	$	(3,655)	$	25,653

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Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows:


	LESS THAN 12 MONTHS				OVER 12 MONTHS				TOTAL
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized (Losses)
Debt Securities AFS
December 31, 2025
Corporate securities	$	—	$	—	$	22,500	$	(2,500)	$	22,500	$	(2,500)
SBA securities	—		—		10,414		(1,011)		10,414		(1,011)

Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—		181,292		(24,277)		181,292		(24,277)
Asset-backed securities	63,421		(435)		64,866		(1,339)		128,287		(1,774)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		948,180		(148,047)		948,180		(148,047)
Total debt securities AFS	$	63,421	$	(435)	$	1,227,252	$	(177,174)	$	1,290,673	$	(177,609)
September 30, 2025
Corporate securities	$	—	$	—	$	21,250	$	(3,750)	$	21,250	$	(3,750)
SBA securities	—		—		10,769		(1,022)		10,769		(1,022)

Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—		185,089		(26,057)		185,089		(26,057)
Asset-backed securities	64,995		(556)		66,263		(1,791)		131,258		(2,347)
Mortgage-backed securities	1,102		(2)		965,549		(157,211)		966,651		(157,213)
Total debt securities AFS	$	66,097	$	(558)	$	1,248,920	$	(189,831)	$	1,315,017	$	(190,389)

Debt Securities HTM
December 31, 2025
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	—	$	—	$	23,475	$	(3,358)	$	23,475	$	(3,358)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		1,614		(215)		1,614		(215)
Total debt securities HTM	$	—	$	—	$	25,089	$	(3,573)	$	25,089	$	(3,573)
September 30, 2025
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	—	$	—	$	23,943	$	(3,430)	$	23,943	$	(3,430)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		1,710		(225)		1,710		(225)
Total debt securities HTM	$	—	$	—	$	25,653	$	(3,655)	$	25,653	$	(3,655)

The decrease in the fair value of investment securities balances when comparing December 31, 2025 to September 30, 2025 was primarily driven by principal pay downs during the three months. At December 31, 2025, there were 144 debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position. Management assessed each investment security with unrealized losses for credit loss by evaluating qualitative factors, including materiality of loss position as a percentage of book value, credit ratings, outstanding principal and interest payments, and changes in the underlying implicit or explicit guarantee of the security, and determined all unrealized losses on these securities were due to adverse market conditions and/or change in interest rates versus credit loss. As part of that assessment, management evaluated and concluded that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not be required and does not intend to sell any of the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost. At December 31, 2025, there was no allowance for credit losses ("ACL") for debt securities AFS.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Certain securities have call features which allow the issuer to call the security prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities in MBS because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, MBS are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary. The expected maturities of certain SBA securities may differ from contractual maturities because the borrowers may have the right to prepay the obligation. However, certain prepayment penalties may apply.

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(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025				September 30, 2025
Debt Securities AFS	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	755	$	758	$	755	$	760
Due after one year through five years	1,327		1,346		1,332		1,352
Due after five years through ten years	27,488		24,994		27,688		23,947
Due after ten years	349,389		322,337		358,948		329,534
	378,959		349,435		388,723		355,593
Mortgage-backed securities	1,108,518		960,612		1,129,406		972,250
Total debt securities AFS	$	1,487,477	$	1,310,047	$	1,518,129	$	1,327,843

Debt Securities HTM



Due after ten years	$	26,833	$	23,475	$	27,373	$	23,943
	26,833		23,475		27,373		23,943
Mortgage-backed securities	1,829		1,614		1,935		1,710
Total debt securities HTM	$	28,662	$	25,089	$	29,308	$	25,653

Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") Stock. The Bank is required by federal law to subscribe to capital stock (divided into shares of $100 each) as a member of the FRB of Minneapolis with an amount equal to six per centum of the paid-up capital stock and surplus. One-half of the subscription is paid at time of application, and one-half is subject to call of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FRB of Minneapolis stock held by the Bank totaled $19.7 million at December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025. These equity securities are 'restricted' in that they can only be owned by member banks.

Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") Stock. The Company's borrowings from the FHLB are secured by specific investment securities. Such advances can be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities.

The investments in the FHLB stock are required investments related to the Company's membership in and current borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines. The investments in the FHLB of Des Moines could be adversely impacted by the financial operations of the FHLB and actions of their regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

The FHLB stock is carried at cost since it is generally redeemable at par value. The carrying value of the stock held at the FHLB was $4.6 million and $5.0 million at December 31, 2025 and at September 30, 2025, respectively.

These equity securities are ‘restricted’ in that they can only be sold back to the respective institution from which they were acquired or another member institution at par. Therefore, FRB and FHLB stocks are less liquid than other marketable equity securities, and the cost approximates fair value.

Equity Securities. The Company held $4.7 million and $3.8 million in marketable equity securities within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025, respectively. The Company recognized zero and $0.1 million in unrealized losses on marketable equity securities during the three months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. No such securities were sold during the three months ended December 31, 2025.

Non-marketable equity securities that are measured at fair value using net asset value ("NAV") as a practical expedient totaled $13.8 million and $13.2 million at December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025, respectively. These securities are held within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company recognized zero and $0.3 million in unrealized gains during the three months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. No such securities were sold during the three months ended December 31, 2025.

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Non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair value totaled $12.6 million and $12.0 million at December 31, 2025 and September 30, 2025, respectively, reflecting the Company's ownership interests in other entities through Pathward Venture Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned service corporation subsidiary of the Bank that was formed in 2017 for the purpose of making minority equity investments and other corporate investments. The Company recognized a $0.4 million gain on Visa shares which were carried at a cost basis of $0 during the three months ended December 31, 2024. This gain was recognized within the gain on sale of other on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no additional such securities sold during the three months ended December 31, 2025.

Equity Securities Impairment. The Company evaluates impairment for investments held at cost on at least an annual basis based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. All other equity investments, including those under the equity method, are reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis. The Company recognized no impairment for such investments for the three months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

NOTE 4. LOANS AND LEASES, NET

Loans and leases consist of the following:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		September 30, 2025
Term lending	$	2,506,777	$	2,302,540
Asset-based lending	629,317		593,265
Factoring	213,888		217,501
Lease financing	136,505		149,236

SBA/USDA	520,461		511,488
Other commercial finance	140,229		149,939
Commercial finance	4,147,177		3,923,969


Consumer finance	132,045		93,319
Tax services	62,049		2,532
Warehouse finance	641,669		645,186
Total loans and leases	4,982,940		4,665,006
Net deferred loan origination costs (fees)	(85)		(98)
Total gross loans and leases	4,982,855		4,664,908
Allowance for credit losses	(58,840)		(53,319)
Total loans and leases, net	$	4,924,015	$	4,611,589

During the three months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company originated $1.04 billion and $853.1 million of commercial finance and consumer finance as held for sale, respectively.

The Company sold held for sale loans resulting in proceeds of $1.18 billion and a $4.2 million gain on sale during the three months ended December 31, 2025. The Company sold held for sale loans resulting in proceeds of $618.4 million and a $4.4 million gain on sale during the three months ended December 31, 2024. Gains and losses from the sale of loans and leases are included in secondary market revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Loans purchased and sold by portfolio segment, including participation interests, were as follows:


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2025		2024
Loans Purchased





Loans held for investment:
Commercial finance		$	—	$	19,540


Warehouse finance		32,923		119,819
Total purchases		$	32,923	$	139,359
Loans Sold
Loans held for sale:
Commercial finance		$	58,563	$	65,802
Consumer finance		1,117,761		552,630







Total sales		$	1,176,324	$	618,432

Leasing Portfolio. The net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases was comprised of the following:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		September 30, 2025
Minimum lease payments receivable	$	142,428	$	157,271
Unguaranteed residual assets	6,445		6,785
Unamortized initial direct costs	48		68
Unearned income	(12,368)		(14,820)
Total net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases	$	136,553	$	149,304

The components of total lease income were as follows:


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2025		2024
Interest income - loans and leases
Interest income on net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases		$	1,948	$	3,187

Leasing and equipment finance noninterest income
Lease income from operating lease payments		11,284		13,448

Other(1)		1,583		1,307
Total leasing and equipment finance noninterest income		12,867		14,755
Total lease income		$	14,815	$	17,942
(1) Other leasing and equipment finance noninterest income consists of gains (losses) on sales of leased equipment, fees and service charges on leases and gains (losses) on sales of leases.

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Undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases, and a reconciliation to the carrying amount recorded at December 31, 2025 were as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)
2026	$	36,860
2027	61,414
2028	24,071
2029	12,891
2030	5,538
Thereafter	1,654

Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases	142,428
Third-party residual value guarantees	—
Total carrying amount of minimum lease payments for direct financing and sales-type leases	$	142,428

The Company did not record any contingent rental income from direct financing and sales-type leases in the three months ended December 31, 2025.

A number of factors that have affected the economic environment over the past few years have continued into 2025, including economic uncertainty, inflation, geopolitical conflict and tensions, and increased interest rates, with the Federal Reserve beginning to lower the target federal funds rate at the end of 2024. Since early 2025, global markets and the U.S. economy have also experienced disruption and volatility resulting from tariffs and other policies of the U.S. administration. Management continues to evaluate the loan and lease portfolio in order to assess the impact on repayment sources and underlying collateral that could result in additional losses and the impact to our customers and businesses as a result of these factors impacting the economy and will refine its estimate as developments occur and more information becomes available.

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Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment was as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision (Reversal)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Three Months Ended December 31, 2025
Allowance for credit losses:
Term lending	$	28,345	$	(1,260)	$	(1,081)	$	2,767	$	28,771
Asset-based lending	7,650		2,038		—		6		9,694
Factoring	4,319		(537)		—		2		3,784
Lease financing	1,040		(38)		(22)		57		1,037

SBA/USDA	4,807		373		(476)		5		4,709
Other commercial finance	90		12		—		—		102
Commercial finance	46,251		588		(1,579)		2,837		48,097


Consumer finance	6,422		4,122		(1,828)		324		9,040
Tax services	—		(1,398)		—		2,459		1,061
Warehouse finance	646		(4)		—		—		642
Total loans and leases	53,319		3,308		(3,407)		5,620		58,840
Unfunded commitments(1)	924		(78)		—		—		846
Total	$	54,243	$	3,230	$	(3,407)	$	5,620	$	59,686
Three Months Ended December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Term lending	$	30,394	$	7,289	$	(8,375)	$	617	$	29,925
Asset-based lending	1,356		406		—		—		1,762
Factoring	5,757		(170)		(74)		252		5,765
Lease financing	1,189		(247)		(63)		2		881
Insurance premium finance	—		91		(93)		2		—
SBA/USDA	3,273		831		(297)		—		3,807
Other commercial finance	607		(186)		—		—		421
Commercial finance	42,576		8,014		(8,902)		873		42,561


Consumer finance	28,669		9,421		(8,085)		356		30,361
Tax services	2		1,301		(741)		228		790
Warehouse finance	518		107		—		—		625
Total loans and leases	71,765		18,843		(17,728)		1,457		74,337
Unfunded commitments(1)	695		(182)		—		—		513
Total	$	72,460	$	18,661	$	(17,728)	$	1,457	$	74,850
(1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Information on loans and leases that are deemed to be collateral dependent and are evaluated individually for the ACL was as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		September 30, 2025
Term lending	$	38,713	$	33,042
Asset-based lending	27,539		24,273
Factoring	658		—
Lease financing	4,003		3,985

SBA/USDA	8,523		6,147

Commercial finance(1)	79,436		67,447





Total	$	79,436	$	67,447
(1) For commercial finance, collateral dependent financial assets have collateral in the form of cash, equipment, or other business assets.

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Management has identified certain structured finance credits for alternative energy projects in which a substantial cash collateral account has been established to mitigate credit risk. Due to the nature of the transactions and significant cash collateral positions, these credits are evaluated individually. The balance of these pass rated cash collateral loans totaled $102.9 million and $107.7 million at December 31, 2025 and at September 30, 2025, respectively.

Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets such as debt and equity securities considered by the Bank's primary regulator, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC"), to be of lesser quality as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” The loan classification and risk rating definitions are as follows:

Pass - A pass asset is of sufficient quality in terms of repayment, collateral and management to preclude a special mention or an adverse rating.

Watch - A watch asset is generally a credit performing well under current terms and conditions but with identifiable weakness meriting additional scrutiny and corrective measures. Watch is not a regulatory classification but can be used to designate assets that are exhibiting one or more weaknesses that deserve management’s attention. These assets are of better quality than special mention assets.

Special Mention - A special mention asset is a credit with potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention and, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Special mention is a temporary status with aggressive credit management required to garner adequate progress and move to watch or higher.

The adverse classifications are as follows:

Substandard - A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the net worth and/or repayment ability or by a weak collateral position. Assets so classified will have well-defined weaknesses creating a distinct possibility the Bank will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected. Loss potential does not have to exist for an asset to be classified as substandard.

Doubtful - A doubtful asset has weaknesses similar to those classified substandard, with the degree of weakness causing the likely loss of some principal in any reasonable collection effort. Due to pending factors, the asset’s classification as loss is not yet appropriate.

Loss - A loss asset is considered uncollectible and of such little value that the asset’s continuance on the Bank’s balance sheet is no longer warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean an asset has no recovery or salvage value leaving room for future collection efforts.

Loans and leases, or portions thereof, are generally charged off when collection of principal becomes doubtful. Typically, this is associated with a delay or shortfall in payments of 120 days or more for consumer credit products and leases, and 90 days or more for commercial finance loans. Action is taken to charge off electronic return originator ("ERO") loans if such loans have not been collected by the end of June and refund advance loans if such loans have not been collected by the end of the calendar year. The Company individually evaluates loans and leases that do not share similar risk characteristics with other financial assets, which generally means loans and leases identified as modifications or loans and leases on nonaccrual status.

The Company recognizes that concentrations of credit may naturally occur and may take the form of a large volume of related loans and leases to an individual, a specific industry, or a geographic location. Credit concentration is a direct, indirect, or contingent obligation that has a common bond where the aggregate exposure equals or exceeds a certain percentage of the Company’s Tier 1 Capital plus the allowable Allowance for Credit Losses.

The Company has various portfolios of consumer finance and tax services loans that present unique risks that are statistically managed. Due to the unique risks associated with these portfolios, the Company monitors other credit quality indicators in its evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL on these portfolios, and as such, these loans are not included in the asset classification table below. The outstanding balances of consumer finance loans and tax services loans were $132.0 million and $62.0 million at December 31, 2025, respectively, and $93.3 million and $2.5 million at September 30, 2025, respectively.

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The amortized cost basis of loans and leases by asset classification and year of origination was as follows:


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
December 31, 2025	2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior
Term lending
Pass	$	342,319	$	879,125	$	272,639	$	257,255	$	91,021	$	85,413	$	—	$	1,927,772
Watch	1,939		107,434		122,665		18,390		10,997		70,898		—		332,323
Special mention	—		3,837		8,666		34,954		1,566		14,993		—		64,016
Substandard	—		29,102		31,402		37,697		10,273		67,536		—		176,010
Doubtful	—		1,249		3,386		625		1,122		274		—		6,656
Total	344,258		1,020,747		438,758		348,921		114,979		239,114		—		2,506,777
Current period charge-offs	—		—		288		309		333		151		—		1,081
Asset-based lending
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		294,153		294,153
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		271,721		271,721
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		32,664		32,664
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		27,860		27,860
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,919		2,919
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		629,317		629,317
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Factoring
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		169,389		169,389
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		43,197		43,197

Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,302		1,302

Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		213,888		213,888
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Lease financing
Pass	16,080		14,142		30,547		32,626		1,744		2,920		—		98,059
Watch	29		3,783		15,118		618		—		36		—		19,584
Special mention	—		—		275		—		503		567		—		1,345
Substandard	—		1,067		3,873		5,206		1,144		6,077		—		17,367
Doubtful	—		—		—		150		—		—		—		150
Total	16,109		18,992		49,813		38,600		3,391		9,600		—		136,505
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		22		—		22








SBA/USDA
Pass	51,619		65,447		61,610		71,987		105,511		69,953		—		426,127
Watch	250		3,729		7,217		117		10,251		3,629		—		25,193
Special mention	—		106		80		—		936		3,603		—		4,725
Substandard	659		1,872		6,818		10,029		11,765		32,766		—		63,909
Doubtful	—		283		—		—		224		—		—		507
Total	52,528		71,437		75,725		82,133		128,687		109,951		—		520,461
Current period charge-offs	—		—		121		355		—		—		—		476
Other commercial finance
Pass	2,000		8,955		59,893		—		—		68,944		—		139,792


Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		437		—		437

Total	2,000		8,955		59,893		—		—		69,381		—		140,229
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Warehouse finance
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		641,669		641,669




Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		641,669		641,669
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans and leases
Pass	412,018		967,669		424,689		361,868		198,276		227,230		1,105,211		3,696,961
Watch	2,218		114,946		145,000		19,125		21,248		74,563		314,918		692,018

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Special mention	—		3,943		9,021		34,954		3,005		19,163		32,664		102,750
Substandard	659		32,041		42,093		52,932		23,182		106,816		29,162		286,885
Doubtful	—		1,532		3,386		775		1,346		274		2,919		10,232
Total	$	414,895	$	1,120,131	$	624,189	$	469,654	$	247,057	$	428,046	$	1,484,874	$	4,788,846
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	409	$	664	$	333	$	173	$	—	$	1,579


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
September 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Term lending
Pass	$	935,599	$	399,968	$	298,678	$	99,820	$	43,216	$	35,971	$	—	$	1,813,252
Watch	65,674		71,326		68,737		7,222		28,882		13,357		—		255,198
Special mention	56		68,989		3,762		826		11,078		65		—		84,776
Substandard	29,792		24,666		37,845		14,137		16,050		19,995		—		142,485
Doubtful	—		564		774		3,854		1,615		22		—		6,829
Total	1,031,121		565,513		409,796		125,859		100,841		69,410		—		2,302,540
Current period charge-offs	—		7,818		4,492		3,257		991		419		—		16,977
Asset-based lending
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		301,128		301,128
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		233,541		233,541
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		31,702		31,702
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		24,730		24,730
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,164		2,164
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		593,265		593,265
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		5,611		5,611
Factoring
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		179,352		179,352
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		36,218		36,218
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		394		394
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,537		1,537

Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		217,501		217,501
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,479		1,479
Lease financing
Pass	43,710		20,259		36,483		2,270		1,089		4,439		—		108,250
Watch	13,587		5,181		13		635		1,059		—		—		20,475
Special mention	—		941		223		—		181		44		—		1,389
Substandard	7,190		—		5,375		1,377		4,088		905		—		18,935
Doubtful	—		—		150		—		37		—		—		187
Total	64,487		26,381		42,244		4,282		6,454		5,388		—		149,236
Current period charge-offs	—		—		320		—		1,005		101		—		1,426
Insurance premium finance






Current period charge-offs	—		62		31		—		—		—		—		93
SBA/USDA
Pass	79,928		61,063		93,459		136,075		19,674		30,962		—		421,161
Watch	2,651		5,117		136		12,477		691		3,598		—		24,670
Special mention	2,682		350		—		—		326		1,038		—		4,396
Substandard	315		3,176		12,721		7,678		2,235		30,588		—		56,713
Doubtful	221		2,687		1,592		—		—		48		—		4,548
Total	85,797		72,393		107,908		156,230		22,926		66,234		—		511,488
Current period charge-offs	74		882		537		90		55		1,011		—		2,649
Other commercial finance
Pass	8,770		63,200		—		134		12,471		62,495		—		147,070
Watch	—		—		2,418		—		—		—		—		2,418

Substandard	—		—		451		—		—		—		—		451

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Total	8,770		63,200		2,869		134		12,471		62,495		—		149,939
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Warehouse finance
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		645,186		645,186




Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		645,186		645,186
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans and leases
Pass	1,068,007		544,490		428,620		238,299		76,450		133,867		1,125,666		3,615,399
Watch	81,912		81,624		71,304		20,334		30,632		16,955		269,759		572,520
Special mention	2,738		70,280		3,985		826		11,585		1,147		32,096		122,657
Substandard	37,297		27,842		56,392		23,192		22,373		51,488		26,267		244,851
Doubtful	221		3,251		2,516		3,854		1,652		70		2,164		13,728
Total	$	1,190,175	$	727,487	$	562,817	$	286,505	$	142,692	$	203,527	$	1,455,952	$	4,569,155
Current period charge-offs	$	74	$	8,762	$	5,380	$	3,347	$	2,051	$	1,531	$	7,090	$	28,235

Past due loans and leases were as follows:


	Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases												Nonperforming Loans and Leases
(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		> 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans and Leases Receivable		> 89 Days Past Due and Accruing		Nonaccrual Balance		Total
December 31, 2025
Loans held for sale	$	148	$	150	$	235	$	533	$	87,436	$	87,969	$	235	$	—	$	235

Term lending	44,613		18,406		44,972		107,991		2,398,786		2,506,777		11,378		44,903		56,281
Asset-based lending	—		—		22,164		22,164		607,153		629,317		—		27,277		27,277
Factoring	1,258		—		—		1,258		212,630		213,888		—		1,170		1,170
Lease financing	4,348		721		4,139		9,208		127,297		136,505		—		4,174		4,174

SBA/USDA	4,059		3,744		18,828		26,631		493,830		520,461		69		18,820		18,889
Other commercial finance	—		—		—		—		140,229		140,229		—		437		437
Commercial finance	54,278		22,871		90,103		167,252		3,979,925		4,147,177		11,447		96,781		108,228


Consumer finance	1,383		691		602		2,676		129,369		132,045		602		—		602
Tax services	—		—		—		—		62,049		62,049		—		—		—
Warehouse finance	—		—		—		—		641,669		641,669		—		—		—
Total loans and leases held for investment	55,661		23,562		90,705		169,928		4,813,012		4,982,940		12,049		96,781		108,830
Total loans and leases	$	55,809	$	23,712	$	90,940	$	170,461	$	4,900,448	$	5,070,909	$	12,284	$	96,781	$	109,065
September 30, 2025
Loans held for sale	$	2,319	$	1,860	$	1,521	$	5,700	$	173,721	$	179,421	$	1,521	$	—	$	1,521

Term lending	29,283		8,869		30,734		68,886		2,233,654		2,302,540		4,420		38,959		43,379
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		593,265		593,265		—		24,327		24,327
Factoring	—		—		—		—		217,501		217,501		—		1,291		1,291
Lease financing	2,222		316		5,291		7,829		141,407		149,236		1,067		4,268		5,335

SBA/USDA	—		8,876		17,808		26,684		484,804		511,488		7,413		12,571		19,984
Other commercial finance	—		—		—		—		149,939		149,939		—		—		—
Commercial finance	31,505		18,061		53,833		103,399		3,820,570		3,923,969		12,900		81,416		94,316


Consumer finance	909		778		826		2,513		90,806		93,319		826		—		826
Tax services	—		—		2,477		2,477		55		2,532		2,477		—		2,477
Warehouse finance	—		—		—		—		645,186		645,186		—		—		—
Total loans and leases held for investment	32,414		18,839		57,136		108,389		4,556,617		4,665,006		16,203		81,416		97,619
Total loans and leases	$	34,733	$	20,699	$	58,657	$	114,089	$	4,730,338	$	4,844,427	$	17,724	$	81,416	$	99,140

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Nonaccrual loans and leases by year of origination were as follows:


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total		Nonaccrual with No ACL
December 31, 2025	2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior
Term lending	$	—	$	—	$	6,248	$	15,341	$	10,610	$	12,704	$	—	$	44,903	$	18,567
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		—		—		27,277		27,277		2,441
Factoring	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,170		1,170		244
Lease financing	—		—		—		150		—		4,024		—		4,174		4,003

SBA/USDA	—		446		5,635		12,596		—		143		—		18,820		1,794
Other commercial finance	—		—		—		437		—		—		—		437		—
Commercial finance	—		446		11,883		28,524		10,610		16,871		28,447		96,781		27,049





Total nonaccrual loans and leases	$	—	$	446	$	11,883	$	28,524	$	10,610	$	16,871	$	28,447	$	96,781	$	27,049


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total		Nonaccrual with No ACL
September 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Term lending	$	—	$	1,383	$	23,220	$	3,469	$	10,887	$	—	$	—	$	38,959	$	18,072
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		—		—		24,327		24,327		2,110
Factoring	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,291		1,291		—
Lease financing	—		—		150		—		3,511		607		—		4,268		3,985

SBA/USDA	221		4,605		7,675		—		22		48		—		12,571		—

Commercial finance	221		5,988		31,045		3,469		14,420		655		25,618		81,416		24,167





Total nonaccrual loans and leases	$	221	$	5,988	$	31,045	$	3,469	$	14,420	$	655	$	25,618	$	81,416	$	24,167

Table of Contents

Loans and leases that are 90 days or more delinquent and accruing by year of origination were as follows:


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
December 31, 2025	2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior
Loans held for sale	$	—	$	66	$	41	$	101	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	235
Term lending	—		1,062		10,312		—		—		4		—		11,378




SBA/USDA	—		69		—		—		—		—		—		69

Commercial finance	—		1,131		10,312		—		—		4		—		11,447


Consumer finance	—		211		199		150		27		15		—		602


Total loans and leases held for investment	—		1,342		10,511		150		27		19		—		12,049
Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing	$	—	$	1,408	$	10,552	$	251	$	54	$	19	$	—	$	12,284


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
September 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Loans held for sale	$	521	$	835	$	150	$	15	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,521
Term lending	—		2,942		—		—		—		1,478		—		4,420


Lease financing	277		—		—		789		1		—		—		1,067

SBA/USDA	1,139		495		5,683		—		—		96		—		7,413

Commercial finance	1,416		3,437		5,683		789		1		1,574		—		12,900


Consumer finance	241		348		180		44		13		—		—		826
Tax services	2,477		—		—		—		—		—		—		2,477

Total loans and leases held for investment	4,134		3,785		5,863		833		14		1,574		—		16,203
Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing	$	4,655	$	4,620	$	6,013	$	848	$	14	$	1,574	$	—	$	17,724

Certain loans and leases 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal continue to accrue because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due.

The following table provides the average recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and leases:


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2025		2024
Term lending		$	43,545	$	23,208
Asset-based lending		26,443		591
Factoring		1,241		265
Lease financing		4,205		1,565

SBA/USDA		15,367		1,900
Other commercial finance		437		—
Commercial finance		91,238		27,529





Total loans and leases		$	91,238	$	27,529

The recognized interest income on the Company's nonaccrual loans and leases for the three months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was not significant.

Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended December 31, 2025 were $2.6 million in the commercial finance loan portfolio. The types of modifications granted were term extensions. Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended December 31, 2024 were $3.3 million in the commercial finance loan portfolio.

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During the three months ended December 31, 2025, the Company had $1.0 million of commercial finance loans where a modification was granted in the previous 12 months in which there was a payment default. As of December 31, 2025, $1.0 million of modifications granted during the current three month period were in the 60-89 days past due category. During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company had $1.4 million of commercial finance loans where a modification was granted in the previous 12 months in which there was a payment default. As of December 31, 2024, no modifications granted during the three months ended December 31, 2024 were in the 60-89 days past due category.

NOTE 5. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("EPS")

The Company has granted restricted share awards with dividend rights that are considered to be participating securities. Accordingly, a portion of the Company’s earnings is allocated to those participating securities in the earnings per share calculation under the two-class method. Basic EPS is computed using the two-class method by dividing income available to common stockholders after the allocation of dividends and undistributed earnings to the participating securities by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is calculated using the more dilutive of the two-class method or the treasury stock method. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised, and is computed after giving consideration to the weighted average dilutive effect upon vesting of performance share units ("PSUs") and restricted stock grants, and after the allocation of earnings to the participating securities. Antidilutive securities are disregarded in earnings per share calculations. Diluted EPS shown below reflects the two-class method, as diluted EPS under the two-class method was more dilutive than under the treasury stock method.

A reconciliation of net income and common stock share amounts used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below.


	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)		2025		2024
Basic income per common share:
Net income attributable to Pathward Financial, Inc.		$	35,166	$	29,967
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities		(49)		(124)
Basic net earnings available to common stockholders		35,117

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. 10-Q