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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-09818

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			13-3434400
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

501 Commerce Street, Nashville, TN 37203

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(615) 622-0000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes

☒

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes

☒

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):

Yes

☐

☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Units Rep. Assignments of Beneficial Ownership of LP Interests in AB Holding ("Units")

New York Stock Exchange

The number of units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests outstanding as of September 30, 2025 was 90,993,251.*

*includes 100,000 units of general partnership interest having economic interests equivalent to the economic interests of the units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests.

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

Index to Form 10-Q


		Page

	Part I

	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Condensed Statements of Financial Condition	1

	Condensed Statements of Income	2

	Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income	3

	Condensed Statements of Changes in Partners' Capital	4

	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	5

	Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	6

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	11

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	14

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	14

	Part II

	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	15

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	15

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	15

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	16

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	16

Item 5.	Other Information	16

Item 6.	Exhibits	17

SIGNATURE		18

Index

Part I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

Condensed Statements of Financial Condition

(in thousands, except unit amounts)

(unaudited)


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Investment in AB	$	1,178,765	$	2,034,632


Total assets	$	1,178,765	$	2,034,632

LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
Liabilities:

Other liabilities	$	1,870	$	2,770
Total liabilities	1,870		2,770

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 8)

Partners’ capital:
General Partner: 100,000 general partnership units issued and outstanding	1,351		1,401
Limited partners: 90,893,251 and 110,430,329 limited partnership units issued and outstanding	1,224,384		2,095,248
AB Holding Units held by AB for long-term incentive compensation plans	(31,015)		(23,363)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(17,825)		(41,424)
Total partners’ capital	1,176,895		2,031,862
Total liabilities and partners’ capital	$	1,178,765	$	2,034,632

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

Index

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

Condensed Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per unit amounts)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024

Equity in net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	81,412	$	136,374	$	242,995	$	345,360

Income taxes	7,661		9,179		24,962		27,420

Net income	$	73,751	$	127,195	$	218,033	$	317,940


Net income per Unit	$	0.79	$	1.12	$	2.08	$	2.77

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

Index

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024

Net income	$	73,751	$	127,195	$	218,033	$	317,940
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, before reclassification and tax	673		7,521		14,541		2,785
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) included in net income upon liquidation	—		—		—		(4,039)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, before tax	673		7,521		14,541		6,824
Income tax benefit (expense)	400		(48)		330		(29)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	1,073		7,473		14,871		6,795






Changes in employee benefit related items:
Amortization of prior service cost	—		3		229		8
Recognized actuarial (loss) gain	(32)		111		(32)		320
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income upon retirement plan liquidation	—		—		(8,578)		—

Changes in employee benefit related items	(32)		114		8,775		328
Income tax benefit (expense)	8		1		(47)		(2)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	(24)		115		8,728		326

Other comprehensive income	1,049		7,588		23,599		7,121
Comprehensive income	$	74,800	$	134,783	$	241,632	$	325,061

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

Index

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

Condensed Statements of Changes in Partners’ Capital

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
General Partner’s Capital
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,346	$	1,343	$	1,401	$	1,327
Net income	82		112		212		278
Cash distributions to Unitholders	(77)		(71)		(262)		(221)

Balance, end of period	1,351		1,384		1,351		1,384
Limited Partners’ Capital
Balance, beginning of period	2,034,533		2,162,868		2,095,248		2,147,147
Net income	73,669		127,083		217,821		317,662
Cash distributions to Unitholders	(69,018)		(81,141)		(274,062)		(253,702)
Retirement of AB Holding Units	(3,925)		(44,063)		(43,313)		(66,477)
Issuance of AB Holding Units for long-term incentive compensation plan awards	9,313		313		48,878		20,430




Retirement of AB Holding Units in connection with EQH Amended Exchange Agreement	(820,188)		—		(820,188)		—
Balance, end of period	1,224,384		2,165,060		1,224,384		2,165,060
AB Holding Units held by AB for long-term incentive compensation plans
Balance, beginning of period	(35,382)		(36,646)		(23,363)		(30,185)
Change in AB Holding Units held by AB for long-term incentive compensation plans	4,367		3,256		(7,652)		(3,205)
Balance, end of period	(31,015)		(33,390)		(31,015)		(33,390)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)
Balance, beginning of period	(18,874)		(42,511)		(41,424)		(42,044)

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	1,073		7,473		14,871		6,795
Changes in employee benefit related items, net of tax	(24)		115		8,728		326

Balance, end of period	(17,825)		(34,923)		(17,825)		(34,923)
Total Partners’ Capital	$	1,176,895	$	2,098,131	$	1,176,895	$	2,098,131

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

Index

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	218,033	$	317,940
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity in net income attributable to AB Unitholders	(242,995)		(345,360)
Cash distributions received from AB	300,993		281,164
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) in other assets	—		(147)
(Decrease) in other liabilities	(900)		(576)
Net cash provided by operating activities	275,131		253,021







Cash flows from financing activities:
Cash distributions to Unitholders	(274,324)		(253,923)
Capital contributions (to) from AB	(807)		902

Net cash used in financing activities	(275,131)		(253,021)

Change in cash and cash equivalents	—		—
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of period	—		—
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of period	$	—	$	—


Non-cash financing activities:
Retirement of AB Holding Units in connection with EQH Amended Exchange Agreement	$	(820,188)	$	—

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Financial Statements.

Index

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements

September 30, 2025

(unaudited)

The words “we” and “our” refer collectively to AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”) and AllianceBernstein L.P. and its subsidiaries (“AB”), or to their officers and employees. Similarly, the word “company” refers to both AB Holding and AB. Where the context requires distinguishing between AB Holding and AB, we identify which of them is being discussed. These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

1. Business Description, Organization and Basis of Presentation

Business Description

AB Holding’s principal source of income and cash flow is attributable to its investment in AB limited partnership interests. The condensed financial statements and notes of AB Holding should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes of AB included as an exhibit to this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and with AB Holding’s and AB’s audited financial statements included in AB Holding’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

AB provides diversified investment management and related services globally to a broad range of clients. Its principal services include:

•Institutional Services – servicing its institutional clients, including private and public pension plans, foundations and endowments, insurance companies, central banks and governments worldwide, and affiliates such as Equitable Holdings, Inc. ("EQH") and its subsidiaries, by means of separately managed accounts, sub-advisory relationships, structured products, collective investment trusts, mutual funds, hedge funds and other investment vehicles.

•Retail Services – servicing its retail clients, primarily by means of retail mutual funds sponsored by AB or an affiliated company, sub-advisory relationships with mutual funds sponsored by third parties, separately managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries worldwide and other investment vehicles.

•Private Wealth Management – servicing its private clients, including high-net-worth individuals and families, trusts and estates, charitable foundations, partnerships, private and family corporations, and other entities, by means of separately managed accounts, hedge funds, mutual funds and other investment vehicles.

AB also provides distribution, shareholder servicing, transfer agency services and administrative services to certain of the mutual funds it sponsors.

AB’s high-quality, in-depth research is the foundation of its asset management and private wealth management businesses. AB’s research disciplines include economic, fundamental equity, fixed income and quantitative research. In addition, AB has expertise in multi-asset strategies, wealth management, environmental, social and corporate governance ("ESG"), and alternative investments.

AB provides a broad range of investment services with expertise in:

•Actively managed equity strategies across global and regional universes, as well as capitalization ranges, concentration ranges and investment strategies, including value, growth and core equities;

•Actively-managed traditional and unconstrained fixed income strategies, including taxable and tax-exempt strategies;

•Actively-managed alternative investments, including fundamental and systematically-driven hedge funds, fund of hedge funds and direct assets (e.g., direct lending, real estate and private equity);

•Multi-asset services and solutions, including dynamic asset allocation, customized target-date funds and target-risk funds; and

•Passively managed equity and fixed income strategies, including index, ESG index and enhanced index strategies.

Index

Organization

AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of EQH, “General Partner”) is the general partner of both AB Holding and AB. AllianceBernstein Corporation owns 100,000 general partnership units in AB Holding and a 1.0% general partnership interest in AB.

As of September 30, 2025, the ownership structure of AB, expressed as a percentage of general and limited partnership interests, was as follows:


EQH and its subsidiaries	68.5	%
AB Holding	30.8
Unaffiliated holders	0.7
	100.0	%

EQH Exchange

On July 10, 2025, AB entered into an amended and restated Exchange Agreement (the “Amended Exchange Agreement”) with EQH to increase the AB Units that remain available for exchange from 4,788,806 AB Units to 19,682,946 AB Units. At the time the Amended Exchange Agreement was entered into, AB issued and exchanged 19,682,946 AB Units for an equal number of AB Holding Units held by EQH. The acquired AB Holding Units from the exchange were retired, along with an equal number of AB Units. Following the exchange, the Amended Exchange Agreement was terminated.

After giving effect to such exchange and related retirements, including both the general partnership and limited partnership interest in AB Holding and AB, EQH has an approximate 68.5% economic interest in AB as of September 30, 2025.

Basis of Presentation

The interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the interim results, have been made. The preparation of the condensed financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the interim reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The condensed statement of financial condition as of December 31, 2024 was derived from audited financial statements. Certain disclosures included in the annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted from these financial statements as they are not required for interim financial statements under principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and the rules of the SEC.

AB Holding records its investment in AB using the equity method of accounting. AB Holding’s investment is increased to reflect its proportionate share of income of AB and decreased to reflect its proportionate share of losses of AB and cash distributions made by AB to its Unitholders. In addition, AB Holding's investment is adjusted to reflect its proportionate share of certain capital transactions of AB.

Subsequent Events

We have evaluated subsequent events through the date that these financial statements were filed with the SEC and did not identify any subsequent events that would require disclosure in these financial statements..

2. Cash Distributions

AB Holding is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB Holding (“AB Holding Partnership Agreement”), to its Unitholders pro rata in accordance with their percentage interests in AB Holding. Available Cash Flow is defined as the cash distributions AB Holding receives from AB minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by AB Holding for use in its business (such as the payment of taxes) or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow.

Index

On October 23, 2025, the General Partner declared a distribution of $0.86 per Unit, representing a distribution of Available Cash Flow for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Each general partnership unit in AB Holding is entitled to receive distributions equal to those received by each AB Holding Unit. The distribution is payable on November 20, 2025 to holders of record at the close of business on November 3, 2025.

3. Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

AB has several unfunded, non-qualified long-term incentive compensation plans, under which we grant awards of restricted units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AB Holding (“AB Holding Units”) to employees, generally in the fourth quarter, and to members of the Board of Directors of the General Partner, who are not employed by our company or by any of our affiliates (“Eligible Directors”).

AB Holding Units are maintained in a consolidated rabbi trust either by purchasing AB Holding Units on the open market or by purchasing newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding until delivering them or retiring them. In accordance with the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB (“AB Partnership Agreement”), when AB purchases newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, AB Holding is required to use the proceeds it receives from AB to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units, thus increasing its percentage ownership interest in AB. AB Holding Units held in the consolidated rabbi trust are corporate assets in the name of the trust and are available to the general creditors of AB.

Repurchases of AB Holding Units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in millions)
Total amount of AB Holding Units Purchased (1)	0.1		1.1		1.3		2.1
Total Cash Paid for AB Holding Units Purchased (1)	$	4.1	$	38.6	$	47.8	$	71.7
Open Market Purchases of AB Holding Units Purchased (1)	0.1		1.1		1.1		1.8
Total Cash Paid for Open Market Purchases of AB Holding Units (1)	$	3.9	$	38.6	$	42.3	$	60.1

(1) Purchased on a trade date basis. The difference between open-market purchases and total amount of units purchased reflects the retention of AB Holding Units from employees to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements at the time of delivery of long-term incentive compensation awards.

Each quarter, AB considers whether to implement a plan to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A plan of this type allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or because it possesses material non-public information. Each broker selected by AB has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase AB Holding Units on AB’s behalf. Repurchases are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The plan adopted during the third quarter of 2025 expired at the close of business on October 22, 2025. AB may adopt additional plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units for anticipated obligations under its incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.

During the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, AB awarded to employees and Eligible Directors 1.6 million and 1.2 million restricted AB Holding Unit awards, respectively. AB used AB Holding Units repurchased during the applicable period and newly-issued AB Holding Units for these restricted AB Holding Unit awards.

Index

4. Net Income per Unit

Net income per Unit is derived by dividing net income by the weighted average number of units outstanding for each period. Diluted net income per Unit is equivalent to net income per Unit, as there are no outstanding instruments that have a dilutive effect.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)

Net income	$	73,751	$	127,195	$	218,033	$	317,940



Weighted average Units outstanding	92,816		114,042		104,575		114,592



Net income per Unit	$	0.79	$	1.12	$	2.08	$	2.77

5. Investment in AB

Changes in AB Holding’s investment in AB during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):


Investment in AB as of December 31, 2024	$	2,034,632
Equity in net income attributable to AB Unitholders	242,995
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income	23,599
Cash distributions received from AB	(300,993)


Capital contributions to AB	807

AB Holding Units retired	(43,313)
AB Holding Units issued for long-term incentive compensation plans	48,878

Retirement of AB Holding Units in connection with EQH Amended Exchange Agreement	(820,188)
Change in AB Holding Units held by AB for long-term incentive compensation plans	(7,652)


Investment in AB as of September 30, 2025	$	1,178,765

6. Units Outstanding

Changes in AB Holding Units outstanding during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 are as follows:


Outstanding as of December 31, 2024			110,530,329

Units issued			1,296,834
Units retired (1)			(20,833,912)
Outstanding as of September 30, 2025			90,993,251

(1) Includes 19,682,946 AB Holding Units retired in connection with the Amended Exchange Agreement entered into with EQH on July 10, 2025.

7. Income Taxes

AB Holding is a publicly-traded partnership (“PTP”) for federal tax purposes and, accordingly, is not subject to federal or state corporate income taxes. However, AB Holding is subject to the 4.0% New York City unincorporated business tax (“UBT”), net of credits for UBT paid by AB, and to a 3.5% federal tax on partnership gross income from the active conduct of a trade or business. AB Holding’s partnership gross income is derived from its interest in AB.

Index

AB Holding’s federal income tax is computed by multiplying AB qualifying revenues by AB Holding’s ownership interest in AB, multiplied by the 3.5% tax rate. AB qualifying revenues are primarily U.S. investment advisory fees. AB Holding Units in AB’s consolidated rabbi trust are not considered outstanding for purposes of calculating AB Holding’s ownership interest in AB.


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			% Change		2025			2024			% Change
									(in thousands)
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	259,263		$	345,972		(25.1)	%	$	690,529		$	873,471		(20.9)	%
Multiplied by: weighted average equity ownership interest	31.4		%	39.4		%			35.2		%	39.5		%
Equity in net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	81,412		$	136,374		(40.3)		$	242,995		$	345,360		(29.6)

AB qualifying revenues	$	718,822		$	713,242		0.8		$	2,131,418		$	2,099,807		1.5
Multiplied by: weighted average equity ownership interest for calculating tax	29.5		%	35.7		%			32.6		%	36.4		%
Multiplied by: federal tax	3.5		%	3.5		%			3.5		%	3.5		%
Federal income taxes	7,424			8,924					24,293			26,728
State income taxes	237			255					669			692
Total income taxes	$	7,661		$	9,179		(16.5)	%	$	24,962		$	27,420		(9.0)	%

Effective tax rate	9.4		%	6.7		%			10.3		%	7.9		%

In order to preserve AB Holding’s status as a PTP for federal income tax purposes, management ensures that AB Holding does not directly or indirectly (through AB) engage in a substantial new line of business. If AB Holding were to lose its status as a PTP, it would be subject to corporate income tax, which would reduce materially AB Holding’s net income and its quarterly distributions to AB Holding Unitholders.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal and regulatory matters described below pertain to AB and are included here due to their potential significance to AB Holding’s investment in AB.

For significant litigation matters, we assess the likelihood of a negative outcome. If a negative outcome is probable and the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an estimated loss. If a negative outcome is reasonably possible and we can estimate the potential loss or range of loss, or if a negative outcome is probable and we can estimate the potential loss or range of loss beyond any amounts already accrued, we disclose this information. However, predicting outcomes or estimating losses is often challenging due to litigation uncertainties, especially in early stages or complex cases. In such instances, we disclose our inability to predict the outcome or estimate losses.

AB may face regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings, and litigation, some alleging significant damages. While it is possible we could incur losses from these matters, we cannot currently estimate such losses or their range. Management, after consulting with legal counsel, believes that the outcome of any individual or combined matters will not materially affect our operations, financial condition, or liquidity. However, due to inherent uncertainties, future developments could potentially have a material adverse effect on our results, financial condition, or liquidity in future reporting periods.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

AB Holding’s principal source of income and cash flow is attributable to its investment in AB Units. AB Holding’s interim condensed financial statements and notes and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with those of AB included as an exhibit to this Form 10-Q. They also should be read in conjunction with AB’s audited financial statements and notes and MD&A included in AB Holding’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			% Change		2025			2024			% Change
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)

Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	259,263		$	345,972		(25.1)	%	$	690,529		$	873,471		(20.9)	%
Weighted average equity ownership interest	31.4		%	39.4		%			35.2		%	39.5		%
Equity in net income attributable to AB Unitholders	81,412			136,374			(40.3)		242,995			345,360			(29.6)
Income taxes	7,661			9,179			(16.5)		24,962			27,420			(9.0)
Net income of AB Holding	$	73,751		$	127,195		(42.0)		$	218,033		$	317,940		(31.4)
Net income per AB Holding Unit	$	0.79		$	1.12		(29.5)		$	2.08		$	2.77		(24.9)
Distribution declared per AB Holding Unit (1)	$	0.86		$	0.77		11.7		$	2.42		$	2.21		9.5

________________________

(1)Distributions reflect the impact of AB’s non-GAAP adjustments.

AB Holding's net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $53.4 million and $99.9 million, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2024, primarily due to lower weighted average equity ownership interest in AB (as discussed in Note 1 to the condensed financial statements in Item 1) and lower net income attributable to AB Unitholders primarily due to the recognition of a prior period gain of $128.5 million related to a fair value remeasurement of the contingent payment liability associated with AB's acquisition of AB CarVal in 2022 (as discussed in Note 11 to AB's condensed financial statements in Exhibit 99.1).

AB Holding’s partnership gross income is derived from its interest in AB. AB Holding’s income taxes, which reflect a 3.5% federal tax on its partnership gross income from the active conduct of a trade or business, are computed by multiplying AB qualifying revenues by AB Holding’s ownership interest in AB, multiplied by the 3.5% tax rate. AB qualifying revenues are primarily U.S. investment advisory fees. AB Holding's effective tax rate was 9.4% during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 6.7% during the three months ended September 30, 2024. AB Holding's effective tax rate was 10.3% during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 7.9% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. See Note 7 to the condensed financial statements in Item 1 for the calculation of income tax expense.

Management Operating Metrics

As supplemental information, AB provides the performance measures “adjusted net revenues,” “adjusted operating income” and “adjusted operating margin,” which are additional metrics management uses in evaluating and comparing the period-to-period operating performance of AB. Management uses these additional metrics in evaluating performance because they present a clearer picture of AB's operating performance and allow management to see long-term trends without the distortion primarily caused by long-term incentive compensation-related mark-to-market adjustments, acquisition-related expenses, interest expense and other adjustment items. Similarly, management believes that these management operating metrics help investors better understand the underlying trends in AB's results and, accordingly, provide a valuable perspective for investors. Such measures are not based on generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP measures”).

We provide the non-GAAP measures "adjusted net income" and "adjusted net income per unit" because our quarterly distribution per unit is typically our adjusted net income per unit (which is derived from adjusted net income).

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These non-GAAP measures are provided in addition to, and not as substitutes for, net revenues, operating income and operating margin, and they may not be comparable to non-GAAP measures presented by other companies. Management uses both GAAP and non-GAAP measures in evaluating the company’s financial performance. The non-GAAP measures alone may pose limitations because they do not include all of AB’s revenues and expenses. Further, adjusted net income per AB Holding Unit is not a liquidity measure and should not be used in place of cash flow measures. See AB’s MD&A contained in Exhibit 99.1.

The impact of these adjustments on AB Holding’s net income and net income per AB Holding Unit is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
	(in thousands, except per Unit amounts)

AB non-GAAP adjustments (1)	$	18,852		$	(104,529)		$	98,216		$	(175,233)
AB income tax (expense) benefit on non-GAAP adjustments	(714)			4,282			(5,891)			10,337
AB non-GAAP adjustments, after taxes	18,138			(100,247)			92,325			(164,896)
AB Holding’s weighted average equity ownership interest in AB	31.4		%	39.4		%	35.2		%	39.5		%
Impact on AB Holding’s net income of AB non-GAAP adjustments	$	5,695		$	(39,515)		$	32,488		$	(65,198)

Net income, GAAP basis	$	73,751		$	127,195		$	218,033		$	317,940
Impact on AB Holding’s net income of AB non-GAAP adjustments	5,695			(39,515)			32,488			(65,198)
Adjusted net income	$	79,446		$	87,680		$	250,521		$	252,742


Net income per AB Holding Unit, GAAP basis	$	0.79		$	1.12		$	2.08		$	2.77
Impact of AB non-GAAP adjustments	0.07			(0.35)			0.32			(0.56)
Adjusted net income per AB Holding Unit	$	0.86		$	0.77		$	2.40		$	2.21

(1)Includes all AB non-GAAP adjustments to pre-tax income.

The degree to which AB's non-GAAP adjustments impact AB Holding's net income fluctuates based on AB Holding's ownership percentage in AB.

Cash Distributions

AB Holding is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Holding Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders (including the General Partner). Available Cash Flow typically is the adjusted net income per Unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of Units outstanding at the end of the quarter. Management anticipates that Available Cash Flow will continue to be based on adjusted net income per Unit, unless management determines, with concurrence of the Board of Directors, that one or more adjustments made to adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation. See Note 2 to the condensed financial statements in Item 1 for a description of Available Cash Flow.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by operating activities was $275.1 million, compared to $253.0 million during the corresponding 2024 period. The increase primarily resulted from higher cash distributions received from AB of $19.8 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in financing activities was $275.1 million, compared to $253.0 million during the corresponding 2024 period. The increase was primarily due to higher cash distributions to Unitholders of $20.4 million.

Management believes that AB Holding will have the resources it needs to meet its financial obligations as a result of the cash flow AB Holding realizes from its investment in AB. AB Holding’s cash inflow is comprised entirely of distributions from AB. These distributions are subsequently distributed (net of taxes paid) in their entirety to AB Holding’s Unitholders. As a result, AB Holding has no liquidity risk as it only pays distributions to AB Holding’s Unitholders to the extent of distributions received from AB (net of taxes paid).

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Commitments and Contingencies

See Note 8 to the condensed financial statements in Item 1.

CAUTIONS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements provided by management in this report and in the portion of AB’s Form 10-Q attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The most significant of these factors include, but are not limited to, the following: the performance of financial markets, the investment performance of sponsored investment products and separately managed accounts, general economic conditions, the impact of tariffs and potential disruptions in international trade on financial markets, product and account performance, asset levels and economic conditions, industry trends, future acquisitions, integration of acquired companies, competitive conditions and government regulations, including changes in tax regulations and rates and the manner in which the earnings of publicly-traded partnerships are taxed. We caution readers to carefully consider such factors. Further, these forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made; we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements. For further information regarding these forward-looking statements and the factors that could cause actual results to differ, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and Part II, Item 1A in this Form 10-Q. Any or all of the forward-looking statements that we make in our Form 10-K, this Form 10-Q, other documents we file with or furnish to the SEC, and any other public statements we issue, may turn out to be wrong. It is important to remember that other factors besides those listed in “Risk Factors” and those listed below could also adversely impact our revenues, financial condition, results of operations and business prospects.

The forward-looking statements referred to in the preceding paragraph, most of which directly affect AB but also affect AB Holding because AB Holding’s principal source of income and cash flow is attributable to its investment in AB, include statements regarding:

•Our belief that the cash flow AB Holding realizes from its investment in AB will provide AB Holding with the resources it needs to meet its financial obligations: AB Holding’s cash flow is dependent on the quarterly cash distributions it receives from AB. Accordingly, AB Holding’s ability to meet its financial obligations is dependent on AB’s cash flow from its operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets and other factors beyond our control.

•Our financial condition and ability to access the public and private capital markets providing adequate liquidity for our general business needs: Our financial condition is dependent on our cash flow from operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets, our ability to maintain and grow client assets under management and other factors beyond our control. Our ability to access public and private capital markets on reasonable terms may be limited by adverse market conditions, our firm’s credit ratings, our profitability and changes in government regulations, including tax rates and interest rates.

•The outcome of litigation: Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and excessive damage awards do occur. Though we have stated that we do not expect any pending legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, any settlement or judgment with respect to a legal proceeding could be significant and could have such an effect.

•The possibility that we will engage in open market purchases of AB Holding Units for anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program: The number of AB Holding Units AB may decide to buy in future periods, if any, for incentive compensation awards depends on various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the fluctuation in the price of an AB Holding Unit (NYSE: AB) and the availability of cash to make these purchases.

•Our determination that adjusted employee compensation expense, excluding the impact of performance-based fees, generally should not exceed 50% of our adjusted net revenues on an annual basis: Aggregate employee compensation reflects employee performance and competitive compensation levels. Fluctuations in our revenues and/or changes in competitive compensation levels could result in adjusted employee compensation expense exceeding 50% of our adjusted net revenues.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

During the third quarter of 2025, there have been no material changes in AB Holding’s market risk from the information provided under “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of AB Holding's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Each of AB Holding and AB maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), to permit timely decisions regarding our disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the CEO and the CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and the CFO concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the third quarter of 2025 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 8 to the condensed financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

During the third quarter of 2025, there have been no material changes to the risk factors from those appearing in AB Holding's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no AB Holding Units sold by AB Holding in the period covered by this report that were not registered under the Securities Act.

Each quarter, AB considers whether to implement a plan to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"). The plan adopted during the third quarter of 2025 expired at the close of business on October 22, 2025. AB may adopt additional plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units for anticipated obligations under the firm's incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes. See Note 3 to the condensed financial statements contained in Part 1, Item 1.

AB Holding Units bought by us or one of our affiliates during the third quarter of 2025 are as follows:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES


Period	Total Number of AB Holding Units Purchased	Average Price Paid Per AB Holding Unit, Net of Commissions		Total Number of AB Holding Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of AB Holding Units that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
7/1/25 - 7/31/25(1) (2)	19,686,771	$	42.01	—	—
8/1/25 - 8/31/25	—	—		—	—
9/1/25 - 9/30/25(3)	103,004	$	37.89	—	—
Total	19,789,775	$	38.04	—	—

(1)During the third quarter of 2025, AB retained from employees 3,825 AB Holding Units to allow them to fulfill statutory withholding tax requirements at the time of distribution of long-term incentive compensation awards.

(2)Includes 19,682,946 AB Holding Units retired in connection with the Amended Exchange Agreement entered into with EQH on July 10, 2025. As the exchange was undertaken on a unit for unit basis and not for cash consideration, there is no purchase price. The price reflected in the table is related to the unit withholdings reflected in note one above to this table.

(3) During the third quarter of 2025, AB purchased 103,004 AB Holding Units on the open market pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan for anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program.

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AB Units bought by us or one of our affiliates during the third quarter of 2025 are as follows:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES


Period	Total Number of AB Units Purchased	Average Price Paid Per AB Unit, net of Commissions		Total Number of AB Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of AB Units that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
7/1/25 - 7/31/25	—	—		—	—
8/1/25 - 8/31/25	—	—		—	—
9/1/25 - 9/30/25(1)	1,100	$	39.48	—	—
Total	1,100	$	39.48	—	—

(1)During third quarter of 2025, AB purchased 1,100 AB Units in private transactions, and retired them.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

On May 21, 2025, Mr. Seth Bernstein, Chief Executive Officer of AB adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as defined in Regulation S-K, (the " Plan"), Item 408. The Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement had a plan effective date of August 19, 2025 and plan end date of November 17, 2025 and provided for the sale of up to 31,694 AB Holding Units pursuant to the terms of the plan.

During the third quarter, a total of 31,694 AB units were sold pursuant to the Plan and the Plan was terminated.

No other directors or officers adopted or terminated a 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-10b5-1 trading arrangement during the third quarter of 2025.

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Item 6. Exhibits


31.1			Certification of Mr. Bernstein furnished pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2			Certification of Mr. Simeone furnished pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1			Certification of Mr. Bernstein furnished for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2			Certification of Mr. Simeone furnished for the purpose of complying with Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

99.1			Part I, Items 1 through 4 of the AllianceBernstein L.P. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

101.INS			XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.

101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.

101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.

101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.

101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.

104			The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Date: October 23, 2025	ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.

	By:	/s/ Thomas Simeone
		Thomas Simeone
		Chief Financial Officer

	By:	/s/ Alexis Luckey
		Alexis Luckey
		Chief Accounting Officer

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P. 10-Q