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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K


☒			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-9183

Harley-Davidson, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Wisconsin			39-1382325
(State of organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3700 West Juneau Avenue	Milwaukee	Wisconsin	53208
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (414) 342-4680

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par value, $.01 per share	HOG	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant at June 2830, ~~2024~~2025: $42,~~358~~822,~~110~~510,~~124~~184

Number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at January 3130, ~~2025~~2026: ~~124~~111,~~536,~~850,563 shares

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Part III of this report incorporates information by reference from registrant’s Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of its shareholders to be held on May 1421, ~~2025~~2026

Harley-Davidson, Inc.

Form 10-K

For The Year Ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025

Part I		3
Item 1.	Business	3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	1211
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	24
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	26
Item 2.	Properties	26
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	26
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	26
Part II		27
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	27
Item 6.	[Reserved]	28
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	5255
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	5457
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	~~119~~129
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	~~119~~129
Item 9B.	Other information	~~119~~130
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	~~119~~130
Part III		~~119~~130
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	~~119~~130
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	~~120~~130
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	~~120~~131
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	~~121~~131
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	~~121~~131
Part IV		~~122~~133
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	~~122~~133
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	~~122~~133
Signatures		~~130~~140

PART I

(1) Note regarding forward-looking statements

The Company intends that certain matters discussed in this report are “forward-looking statements” intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified as such by reference to this footnote or because the context of the statement will include words such as the Company “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” "projects," “may,” “will,” “estimates,” “targets,” “intends,” "forecasts," "seeks," "sees," "should," "feels," "commits," "assumes," "envisions," or words of similar meaning. Similarly, statements that describe or refer to future expectations, future plans, strategies, objectives, outlooks, targets, guidance, commitments or goals are also forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially, unfavorably or favorably, from those anticipated as of the date of this report. Certain of such risks and uncertainties are described in close proximity to such statements or elsewhere in this report, including in Item 1A. Risk Factors and under the Cautionary Statements section in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Shareholders, potential investors and other readers are urged to consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included under the Overview and Guidance sections in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are only made as of February 510, ~~2025~~2026, and the remaining forward-looking statements in this report are made as of the date of the filing of this report (February 26, ~~2025~~2026), and the Company disclaims any obligations to publicly update such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

Item 1. Business

General

Harley-Davidson was founded in 1903. Harley-Davidson, Inc. was incorporated in 1981, at which time it purchased the Harley-Davidson® motorcycle business from AMF Incorporated in a management buyout. In 1986, Harley-Davidson, Inc. became publicly held. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the “Company” include Harley-Davidson, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries. The Company has three reportable segments: Harley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC), LiveWire, and Harley-Davidson Financial Services (HDFS). The Company's reportable segments, which are discussed in greater detail below, are strategic business units that offer different products and services and are managed separately based on the fundamental differences in their operations. Revenue by segment for the last three fiscal years was as follows (in thousands):

	2024		2023		2022
	2025		2024		2023
HDMC	$	43,~~121~~578,~~906~~308	$	4,~~844~~121,~~594~~906	$	4,~~887~~844,~~672~~594
LiveWire	2625,~~358~~671		3826,~~298~~358		4638,~~833~~298
HDFS	1869,~~038,538~~196		~~953~~1,~~586~~038,538		~~820~~953,~~625~~586
	$	54,~~186~~473,~~802~~175	$	5,~~836~~186,~~478~~802	$	5,~~755~~836,~~130~~478

Strategy(1)

The Hardwire iswas the Company's 2021-2025 strategic plan ~~guided~~which bytargeted ~~its~~long-term ~~mission~~profitable ~~and vision~~growth, ~~which~~including enhancing the Company's ~~introduced~~position onas ~~February~~the 2,most ~~2021.~~desirable ~~The~~motorcycle ~~plan~~brand ~~targets~~in ~~long-term profitable growth through focused efforts that extend and strengthen~~ the ~~brand~~world and ~~drive~~driving value for its shareholders. The ~~Company's~~Hardwire ~~ambition~~strategic ispriorities toincluded ~~enhance~~a ~~its~~focus ~~position~~on asits ~~the~~ most ~~desirable~~profitable motorcycle ~~brand~~product insegments, ~~the~~selective ~~world.~~expansion ~~Desirability~~into isnew aand ~~motivating~~within ~~force~~existing ~~driven~~product bysegments ~~emotion.~~and ~~Harley-Davidson~~markets, ~~has~~leading ~~long~~in ~~been~~the ~~associated~~electric ~~with~~motorcycle ~~igniting desirability~~market, ~~and~~growth itbeyond isbikes ~~embedded~~into incomplementary ~~its~~businesses, ~~vision;~~enhancing ~~it is at~~ the ~~heart~~customer ofexperience ~~its~~for ~~mission,~~riders and ~~it is part of its over 120~~non-~~year legacy. To drive desirability~~riders, ~~the~~and ~~Company~~inclusive ~~will:~~stakeholder management.

~~•Design,~~The ~~engineer~~Hardwire ~~and~~strategy ~~advance~~concluded at the ~~most~~end ~~desirable~~of ~~motorcycles~~2025. inThe ~~the~~Company ~~world~~plans -to ~~reflected~~announce its new strategic plan in ~~quality,~~conjunction ~~innovation,~~with ~~and~~its ~~craftsmanship~~first quarter 2026 earnings release.

•Build a lifestyle brand valued for the emotion reflected in every product and experience for riders and non-riders alike

•Focus on customers, delivering adventure and freedom for the soul

The Hardwire strategic priorities are as follows:

Profit focus: Investing in its strongest motorcycle product segments – Harley-Davidson plans to invest significant time and resources on strengthening and growing its leadership positions in its strongest, most profitable motorcycle product segments: Grand American Touring, large Cruiser and Trike.

Selective expansion and redefinition: To win in attractive motorcycle segments and markets – The Company plans to selectively expand into and within motorcycle product segments, focusing on product segments that are profitable and aligned with the Company's product and brand capabilities, such as Adventure Touring and middleweight Cruiser.

The Company plans to focus on markets that matter most to its future growth. The Company will also continue to test further avenues for desirable long-term growth such as premium low-displacement motorcycles.

Lead in Electric: Investing in leading the electric motorcycle market – Electric motorcycles form a part of the Company's future, and it is committed to leading the electric motorcycle market. The focus will be on technology development, with an approach to product and go-to-market actions that reflect the expectations of the targeted customer to deliver the most desirable electric motorcycles in the world.

Growth beyond bikes: Expanding complementary businesses and engaging beyond product – Harley-Davidson creates products, services and experiences that inspire its customers to discover adventure, find freedom for the soul and live the Harley-Davidson lifestyle. The Company's parts and accessories, apparel and licensing, and financial services businesses are all important pillars of the Company's future success as a global lifestyle brand. Through The Hardwire, the Company plans to grow the profitability of these businesses through refreshed product and program offerings, stronger execution and additional opportunities, including digital and in-dealership purchases.

Integrated customer experience: Growing our connection with riders and non-riders – The Hardwire puts customers at the forefront of the Company's products, experiences and investments – from the rider who may dream of motorcycling or just learned to ride, all the way to riders who are deeply passionate about and invested in the Harley-Davidson lifestyle. The Company recognizes the different needs and expectations of its customers and is creating touchpoints tailored to individual needs. Powered by integrated data, the goal is to seamlessly engage with customers, creating a meaningful, unique and personalized experience with Harley-Davidson each and every time.

Inclusive Stakeholder Management – The Company strives to deliver long-term value to all stakeholders. Inclusive Stakeholder Management is the unifying theme for how the Company will help drive additional shareholder value for its investors.

Harley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC) Segment

HDMC designs, manufactures and sells Harley-Davidson motorcycles. HDMC also sells motorcycle parts, accessories, and apparel as well as licenses its trademarks. HDMC conducts business on a global basis, with sales in the United States (U.S.), Canada, Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA), Asia Pacific, and Latin America. HDMC's products are sold to retail customers primarily through a network of independent dealers. Dealers generally stock and sell Harley-Davidson motorcycles, parts and accessories, apparel, and licensed products and service motorcycles. Dealership points by geographic location as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025 were as follows:

U.S.

Canada

EMEA

Asia Pacific

Latin America

Total

Dealership points

~~570~~554

4846

~~314~~296

~~263~~247

2931

1,~~224~~174

HDMC also distributes its motorcycles through an independent ~~distributor~~distributors in select overseas markets, including India. The independent ~~distributor~~distributors ~~sells~~sell HDMC's products through independent Harley-Davidson dealers in India and other markets, included in the table above, as well as through the ~~distributor~~distributors's existing dealer ~~network~~networks.

HDMC's parts and accessories and apparel are also retailed through HDMC's eCommerce websites in the U.S., in Canada and in certain European markets. Products sold through the U.S. eCommerce website are retailed to consumers through authorized U.S. dealers. Products sold through Canadian and European eCommerce websites are retailed by HDMC directly to the consumer. In addition, HDMC utilizes third-party eCommerce websites in other select international markets.

HDMC revenue by product line as a percent of total revenue for the last three fiscal years was as follows:


	2025		2024		2023
Motorcycles	74.3	%	76.1	%	78.4	%
Parts and accessories	17.2		15.8		14.4
Apparel	6.0		5.8		5.0
Licensing	0.6		0.6		0.6
Other products and services	1.9		1.7		1.6
	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

	2024		2023		2022
Motorcycles	76.1	%	78.4	%	77.5	%
Parts and accessories	15.8		14.4		15.0
Apparel	5.8		5.0		5.5
Licensing	0.6		0.6		0.8
Other products and services	1.7		1.6		1.2
	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

Motorcycles – HDMC offers internal combustion engine motorcycles under the Harley-Davidson brand. The majority of HDMC's internal combustion engines have displacements that are greater than 600 cubic centimeters (cc) up to approximately 2,000cc's. Additionally, HDMC offers smaller-displacement Lightweight motorcycles in certain markets. HDMC markets its motorcycles in six categories that reflect customer needs and preferences and the Company's unique combination of product heritage and innovation. HDMC's product categories include: Grand American Touring, Trike, Cruiser, Sport, Lightweight, and Adventure Touring. The motorcycle industry uses the following motorcycle product segments:

Motorcycles – HDMC offers internal combustion engine motorcycles under the Harley-Davidson brand. The majority of HDMC's internal combustion engines have displacements that are greater than 600 cubic centimeters (cc) up to approximately 1900cc's. Additionally, HDMC offers smaller-displacement Lightweight motorcycles in certain markets. HDMC markets its motorcycles in six categories that reflect customer needs and preferences and the Company's unique combination of product heritage and innovation. HDMC's product categories include: Grand American Touring, Trike, Cruiser, Sport, Lightweight, and Adventure Touring. The motorcycle industry uses the following motorcycle product segments:

•Touring – emphasizes rider comfort and load capacity and incorporates features such as fairings and luggage compartments ideal for long rides, including the Company's Grand American Touring and Trike models

•Dual Sport – designed primarily for off-highway recreational use with the capability for use on public roads

•Adventure – designed primarily for on-highway use and capable of light-duty, off-highway riding, including the Company's Adventure Touring models

•Cruiser – emphasizes styling, customization and casual riding, including the Company's Cruiser and Sport models

•Standard – a basic motorcycle typically featuring upright seating for one or two passengers, including the Company's Lightweight models

•Sportbike – incorporates racing technology and performance and aerodynamic styling and riding position

Competition in the motorcycle industry is based upon a number of factors, including product capabilities and features, styling, price, quality, reliability, warranty, availability of financing, and quality of the dealer networks that sell the products. The Company believes its Harley-Davidson motorcycles continue to generally command a premium price at retail relative to competitors’ motorcycles. Harley-Davidson motorcycles offer unique styling, customization, innovative design, distinctive sound, superior quality and reliability and include a warranty. HDMC also considers the availability of its line of motorcycle parts and accessories and apparel, the availability of financing through HDFS and its global network of dealers to be competitive advantages.

Industry data includes on-road motorcycles with internal combustion engines with displacements greater than 600cc's and electric motorcycles with kilowatt peak power equivalents greater than 600cc's. In ~~2024~~2025, approximately 79% of the total annual dealer retail sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles were sold in the U.S. and European 601+cc markets. Other ~~significant markets for HDMC, based on the HDMC's 2024 retail sales data, include Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and China.~~

significant markets for HDMC, based on the HDMC's 2025 retail sales data, include Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and China.

Industry registration data(a)(b)(c) for 601+cc motorcycles was as follows:

	2024		2023		2022
	2025		2024		2023
Industry new motorcycle registrations:
United States(d)	~~253~~237,~~156~~683		~~256~~253,~~710~~156		~~264~~256,~~367~~710
Europe(e)	~~516~~431,~~260~~390		~~473~~516,~~486~~260		~~406~~473,~~145~~486
Harley-Davidson new motorcycle registrations:
United States(d)	9481,~~383~~981		9794,~~169~~383		~~109~~97,~~034~~169
Europe(e)	2514,~~860~~525		2225,~~494~~860		2422,~~752~~494
Harley-Davidson market share data:
United States(d)	3734.35	%	37.93	%	4137.29	%
Europe(e)	53.04	%	45.80	%	64.18	%

(a)Data includes on-road models with internal combustion engines with displacements greater than 600cc's and electric motorcycles with kilowatt (kW) peak power equivalents greater than 600cc's (601+cc). On-road 601+cc models include dual purpose models, three-wheeled motorcycles and autocycles.

(b)New motorcycle registrations for the industry and Harley-Davidson are provided by or derived from third-party sources. New motorcycle registrations include consumer registrations (retail registrations) and to a lesser extent manufacturer, distributor and dealer registrations (non-retail registrations), for example, to register demonstration fleets. In the later part of 2024, manufacturers (including the Company), distributors and dealers registered some motorcycles in Europe through non-retail registrations to qualify the motorcycles under the new Euro 5+ emissions standard to allow for subsequent retail sale after December 31, 2024. AsThis aincluded ~~result~~approximately 3,700 ~~Harley~~non-~~Davidson~~retail ~~new~~registrations ~~motorcycle~~of ~~registrations~~new ~~for~~Harley-Davidson ~~Europe~~motorcycles in 2024, ~~included~~which ain ~~higher~~turn ~~proportion~~adversely ofimpacted ~~non-retail~~the ~~registrations~~number inof ~~2024~~new ~~compared~~Harley-Davidson tomotorcycle ~~2023~~registrations ~~and~~during ~~2022~~2025. While the Company believes industry registrations for Europe in 2024 were impacted in a similar manner, it does not have access to competitor information necessary to confirm this. Therefore, the Company is unable to determine the impact of non-retail registrations, either positive or negative, on its 2024 market share for Europe. Harley-Davidson new motorcycle registrations in 2024 for Europe included approximately 1,800 and 1,900 new motorcycles registered by the Company and its dealers, respectively, in connection with the Euro 5+ emissions standard.

(c)The registration data for Harley-Davidson motorcycles presented in this table will differ from the Harley-Davidson retail sales data presented in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Item 7). The Company’s source for retail sales data in Item 7 is sales and warranty registrations provided by dealers as compiled by the Company. Differences may arise related to the exclusion of non-retail registrations from the Item 7 retail sales data, the inclusion of additional markets in the Item 7 retail sales data and the timing of data submissions to the independent sources.

(d)U.S. industry data is derived from information provided by the Motorcycle Industry Council. This third-party data is subject to revision and update.

(e)Europe data includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Industry data is derived from information provided by Management Services Helwig Schmitt GmbH. This third-party data is subject to revision and update.

Parts and Accessories – Parts and accessories products are comprised of Genuine Motor Parts and Genuine Motor Accessories. Genuine Motor Parts include replacement parts and Genuine Motor Accessories includes mechanical and cosmetic accessories.

Apparel and Licensing – Apparel includes clothing and riding gear including Genuine MotorClothes®. In addition, the Company creates reach and awareness of the Harley-Davidson brand among its customers and the non-riding public by licensing the name “Harley-Davidson” and other trademarks owned by the Company for use on a range of products.

Patents and Trademarks – HDMC strategically manages its portfolio of patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property.

The Company owns, and continues to obtain, patent rights that relate to HDMC motorcycles and related products and processes for their production. Certain technology-related intellectual property is also protected, where appropriate, by license agreements, confidentiality agreements or other agreements with suppliers, employees and other third parties. HDMC diligently protects its intellectual property, including patents and trade secrets, and its rights to innovative and proprietary technologies and designs. This protection, including enforcement, is important as HDMC moves forward with investments in new products, designs and technologies. While the Company believes patents are important to HDMC's business operations and in the aggregate constitute a valuable asset, the success of the business is not dependent on any one patent or group of patents. HDMC's active patent portfolio has an average remaining age of approximately ~~fourteen~~thirteen years. A patent review committee manages the patent strategy and portfolio of HDMC.

Trademarks are important to HDMC's businesses and licensing activities. HDMC has a vigorous worldwide program of trademark registration and enforcement to maintain and strengthen the value of the trademarks and prevent the unauthorized use of those trademarks. The HARLEY-DAVIDSON trademark and the Bar and Shield trademark are each highly recognizable to the public and are very valuable assets. Additionally, HDMC uses numerous other trademarks, trade names and logos which are registered worldwide. The following are among HDMC's trademarks: HARLEY-DAVIDSON, H-D, HARLEY, the Bar & Shield Logo, MOTORCLOTHES, the MotorClothes Logo, the #1 Logo, the Willie G Skull Logo, HARLEY OWNERS GROUP, H.O.G., the H.O.G. Logo, SCREAMIN' EAGLE, SOFTAIL and SPORTSTER. The HARLEY-DAVIDSON trademark has been used since 1903 and the Bar and Shield trademark since at least 1910. Substantially all of HDMC's trademarks are owned by Harley-Davidson Motor Company, Inc., which manages HDMC's global trademark strategy and portfolio.

Marketing – The Harley-Davidson brand, products and consumer experiences are marketed to riders and enthusiasts worldwide. Creating awareness, interest and advocacy of the Harley-Davidson brand, motorcycles, parts and accessories, apparel, financial offerings and experiences occurs primarily through consumer events, digital marketing and social media as well as more traditional promotional and advertising activities. Additionally, Harley-Davidson dealers within HDMC's global network engage in a wide range of local marketing and events.

Experiences that build community and connect people with the Harley-Davidson brand and with one another are at the center of much of HDMC's marketing efforts. To develop, engage and retain committed riders, HDMC participates in and sponsors motorcycle rallies, tours, racing activities, music festivals and other special events. HDMC also sponsors the Harley Owners Group (H.O.G.®), H-D Membership and Harley-Davidson Riding Academy which together focus on connecting Harley-Davidson riders, inspiring interest in riding, fostering motorcycle culture, training new riders and building a passionate community of Harley-Davidson riders and enthusiasts around the world.

Seasonality – The seasonality of HDMC’s wholesale motorcycle shipments generally correlates with the timing of retail sales made by dealers. Retail sales generally track closely with regional riding seasons.

Motorcycle Manufacturing – The majority of HDMC's manufacturing processes are performed in HDMC's U.S. manufacturing facilities which supply the U.S. market as well as certain international markets. Additionally, HDMC operates facilities in Thailand and Brazil. HDMC's Thailand facility manufactures motorcycles for certain Asian and European markets as well as limited non-core (Sport and Adventure Touring) motorcycle models for the North American market. In Brazil, HDMC operates a facility that assembles motorcycles from component kits sourced from HDMC’s U.S. facilities and suppliers. HDMC's global manufacturing operations are focused on driving world-class quality and performance. A global manufacturing footprint enables HDMC to be close to customers, provide quality products at a competitive price and grow its overall business.

Raw Materials and Purchased Components – HDMC continues to establish and reinforce long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with its suppliers. Through these collaborative relationships, HDMC gains access to technical and commercial resources for application directly to product design, development and manufacturing initiatives. In addition, through a continued focus on collaboration and strong supplier relationships, the Company believes HDMC will be positioned to achieve its strategic objectives and deliver cost and quality improvements over the long-term.(1)

HDMC's principal raw materials include steel and aluminum castings, forgings, steel sheet and bar. HDMC also purchases certain motorcycle components including, but not limited to, electronic fuel injection systems, batteries, tires, seats, electrical components, instruments and wheels. HDMC closely monitors the overall viability of its supply base. HDMC proactively works with its suppliers to avoid or minimize disruptions resulting from supply chain challenges, ~~such as those that HDMC experienced during 2022,~~ which ~~resulted~~could result in increased costs and disruptions in the availability of certain raw materials and purchased components if they are not actively managed.

Regulation – International, federal, state and local authorities have various environmental control requirements relating to air, water and noise that affect the business and operations of HDMC. HDMC strives to ensure that its facilities and products comply with all applicable environmental regulations and standards. In addition, climate change-related legislation and regulation could impact the Company and the actions it takes to respond to climate change concerns. The motorcycle industry is already subject to regulations worldwide that govern product characteristics and that differ by region, country, state or province and locality. Regulations continue to be proposed to address concerns regarding the environment, including global climate change and its impact. The precise implications of those actions, as well as future efforts, are uncertain.

HDMC’s motorcycles and certain other products that are sold in the U.S. are subject to certification by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for compliance with applicable emissions and noise standards. Certain Harley-Davidson products are designed to comply with EPA and CARB standards and the Company believes it will comply with future requirements when they go into effect, as applicable.(1) Additionally, certain of HDMC’s products must comply with the motorcycle emissions, noise and safety standards of Canada, the European Union, Japan, Brazil and certain other foreign markets where they are sold, and the Company believes HDMC's products currently

~~Japan, Brazil and certain other foreign markets where they are sold, and the Company believes HDMC's products currently~~ comply with those standards. As HDMC expects environmental standards to become more stringent over time, HDMC will continue to incur research, development and production costs in this area for the foreseeable future.(1)

HDMC, as a manufacturer of motorcycle products, is subject to the U.S. National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, which is administered by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). HDMC has certified to NHTSA that certain of its motorcycle products comply fully with all applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards and related regulations, as applicable. HDMC has from time to time initiated certain voluntary recalls. During the three years ending December 31, ~~2024~~2025, HDMC accrued $3528.92 million associated with 1312 voluntary recalls.

LiveWire (LiveWire) Segment

LiveWire is an all-electric motorcycle brand with a focus on pioneering the two-wheel electric motorcycle space. LiveWire sells electric motorcycles, electric balance bikes for kids, electric bikes, parts and accessories and apparel in the United States and certain international markets. Electric motorcycles, related parts and accessories and apparel are sold at wholesale to a network of independent retail partners and direct to consumers through a company-owned dealer and online sales. Electric balance bikes and related parts and accessories are sold under the STACYC brand at wholesale to independent dealers and distributors and direct to consumers online.

The relevant electric vehicle and related internal combustion engine (ICE) markets for LiveWire include:

•Small and large scooters

•Light, medium and heavy weight motorcycles

•Three-wheeled motorcycles and automobiles

•Side-by-side ATVs and four-wheelers

LiveWire expects competition from leading ICE-focused motorcycle companies and from smaller electric vehicle-focused companies.

Patents and Trademarks – LiveWire strategically manages its portfolio of patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property. The Company owns, and continues to obtain, patent rights that relate to LiveWire electric motorcycles, electric balance bikes and related products and processes for their production. Certain technology-related intellectual property is also protected, where appropriate, by license agreements, confidentiality agreements or other agreements with suppliers, employees and other third parties. LiveWire diligently protects its intellectual property, including its rights in proprietary inventions and technologies, unique designs, and trade secrets. This protection, including enforcement, is important as LiveWire moves forward with investments in new products, designs and technologies. While the Company believes patents are important to LiveWire's business operations and in the aggregate constitute a valuable asset, the success of the business is not dependent on any one patent or group of patents. LiveWire’s design patents have a term of 15 years from the date of issuance and LiveWire's utility patents have a term of 20 years from their priority application date. Trademarks are important to LiveWire’s business and licensing activities. LiveWire has a worldwide program of trademark registration and enforcement designed to maintain and strengthen the value of the trademarks and prevent unauthorized use of those trademarks. LiveWire uses numerous trademarks, trade names and logos, which are registered in various countries. LiveWire’s trademarks include LIVEWIRE, the LiveWire logo, LIVEWIRE ONE, MULHOLLAND, ALPINISTA, DEL MAR, S2 and MAKE EVERY SECOND COUNT as well as STACYC, STACYC STABILITY CYCLE, and unique designs of each.

Marketing – LiveWire’s brand, products and the riding experience are marketed to consumers in the U.S. and select international markets. Marketing occurs primarily through digital and experiential activities as well as through more traditional promotional and advertising activities. LiveWire is making investments to provide potential customers with many other opportunities to engage with the brand and experience LiveWire products. Additionally, LiveWire’s dealers engage in a wide range of local marketing and events.

Seasonality – The seasonality of LiveWire’s wholesale motorcycle shipments generally correlates with the timing of retail sales. Retail sales generally track closely with regional riding seasons. Additionally, motorcycle shipments can be impacted by the timing of the introduction of new motorcycle models.

Manufacturing – LiveWire does not have independent manufacturing facilities. HDMC manufactures and assembles LiveWire motorcycles. LiveWire purchases electric motorcycles from HDMC to sell under the LiveWire brand. On November 5, 2024, LiveWire announced a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding with Kwang Yang Motor Co., KTD. and its relevant subsidiaries (KYMCO) to collaborate on a new electric maxi-scooter project. STACYC purchases electric balance bikes through contract manufacturing agreements from strategic partners and bike assemblers located in Taiwan and China.

8Raw Materials and Purchased Components – LiveWire continues to establish and reinforce long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with its suppliers. Through these collaborative relationships, LiveWire gains access to technical and commercial resources for application directly to product design, development and manufacturing initiatives. In addition,

Raw Materials and Purchased Components – LiveWire continues to establish and reinforce long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with its suppliers. Through these collaborative relationships, LiveWire gains access to technical and commercial resources for application directly to product design, development and manufacturing initiatives. In addition, through a continued focus on collaboration and strong supplier relationships, LiveWire believes it is positioned to achieve its strategic objectives and deliver cost and quality improvements over the long-term.(1) 7

through a continued focus on collaboration and strong supplier relationships, LiveWire believes it is positioned to achieve its strategic objectives and deliver cost and quality improvements over the long-term.(1)

The principal raw materials in LiveWire’s products include battery cells, semi-conductor chips, steel and aluminum castings, forgings, steel sheet and bar. Additional raw materials in LiveWire’s products include certain motorcycle components including, but not limited to, batteries, tires, seats, electrical components, instruments and wheels. LiveWire closely monitors the overall viability of its supply base. LiveWire proactively works with its suppliers to avoid or minimize disruptions resulting from supply chain challenges.

Regulation – LiveWire’s motorcycles and certain other products that are sold in the U.S. are subject to certification by the EPA and CARB for compliance with applicable emissions and noise standards. Certain LiveWire products are designed to comply with EPA and CARB standards, and LiveWire believes it will comply with future requirements when they go into effect, as applicable. Additionally, certain of LiveWire’s products must comply with the motorcycle emissions and safety standards of certain other international markets where they are sold, and LiveWire believes its products currently comply with those standards, as applicable. As LiveWire expects environmental standards to become more stringent over time, LiveWire will continue to incur research, development and production costs in this area for the foreseeable future.

LiveWire is subject to the U.S. National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, which is administered by NHTSA. LiveWire has certified to NHTSA that certain of its motorcycle products comply fully with all applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards and related regulations. LiveWire may from time to time initiate voluntary recalls or field actions. During the three years ending December 31, ~~2024~~2025, LiveWire accrued $0.3 million associated with 4 voluntary recalls.

LiveWire operates in an industry that is subject to and benefits from environmental regulations, which have generally become more stringent over time, particularly across developed markets. Regulations in some of LiveWire’s target markets include limited economic incentives to purchasers of electric vehicles and tax credits for electric vehicle manufacturers. While LiveWire expects environmental regulations to contribute to its growth, it is possible for certain regulations to result in margin pressures.

Harley-Davidson Financial Services (HDFS) Segment

HDFS is engaged in the business of financing and servicing wholesale inventory receivables and retail consumer loans, primarily for the purchase of Harley-Davidson and LiveWire motorcycles. HDFS also works with certain unaffiliated third parties to provide motorcycle insurance and voluntary protection products to motorcycle owners. HDFS conducts business principally in the U.S. and Canada. The dealers of HDMC as well as their retail customers in EMEA, Asia Pacific and Latin America generally have access to financing through third-party financial institutions, some of which have licensing agreements with HDFS.

Wholesale Financial Services – HDFS provides wholesale financial services to the U.S. and Canadian independent dealers of HDMC and LiveWire, including floorplan and open account financing of motorcycles and parts and accessories. All of the U.S. and Canadian independent dealers of HDMC and all U.S. independent dealers of LiveWire utilized HDFS financing programs at some point during ~~2024~~2025.

Retail Financial Services – HDFS provides retail financing to consumers, consisting primarily of installment lending for the purchase of new and used Harley-Davidson and LiveWire motorcycles. HDFS’s retail financial services are available through most of the dealerships of HDMC and LiveWire in the U.S. and Canada.

Insurance Services – HDFS works with certain unaffiliated third parties that offer point-of-sale motorcycle insurance and voluntary protection products through most of the dealers of HDMC and LiveWire in the U.S. and Canada. HDFS also direct-markets motorcycle insurance and service contracts provided by unaffiliated third parties to owners of Harley-Davidson and LiveWire motorcycles. In addition, HDFS markets a comprehensive package of business insurance coverages and services provided by unaffiliated third parties to owners of independent HDMC and LiveWire dealerships.

Captive Reinsurance – Eaglemark Insurance Company Ltd. (EICL) is a direct subsidiary of Harley-Davidson, Inc. that reinsures several Harley-Davidson-branded voluntary protection products provided by unaffiliated third parties.

Licensing – HDFS has licensing arrangements with third-party financial institutions that issue credit cards bearing the Harley-Davidson brand in the U.S. and certain international markets. Internationally, HDFS licenses the Harley-Davidson brand to local third-party financial institutions that offer products to retail customers of HDMC such as financing, insurance, and voluntary protection products.

9Funding – The Company believes a diversified and cost-effective funding strategy is important to meet HDFS's goal of providing credit while delivering appropriate returns and profitability. HDFS operations in 2025 were funded with unsecured

Funding – The Company believes a diversified and cost-effective funding strategy is important to meet HDFS's goal of providing credit while delivering appropriate returns and profitability. HDFS operations in 2024 were funded with unsecured debt, unsecured commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities, committed unsecured bank facilities, asset-backed securitizations, and brokered certificates of deposit that HDFS offers to customers indirectly through contractual arrangements with third-party banks and/or securities brokerage firms through its bank subsidiary. 8

debt, unsecured commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities, committed unsecured bank facilities, asset-backed securitizations, and brokered certificates of deposit that HDFS offers to customers indirectly through contractual arrangements with third-party banks and/or securities brokerage firms through its bank subsidiary. Starting in the fourth quarter of 2025, the Company began to fund up to two-thirds of retail finance originations through the sale of retail loan originations to two counterparties as a part of a 2025 transaction related to HDFS.

Competition – The Company regards the ability of HDFS to offer a package of wholesale and retail financial services in the U.S. and Canada as a significant competitive advantage. Competitors in the financial services industry compete for business based largely on price and, to a lesser extent, service. HDFS competes on convenience, service, brand association, dealer relations, industry experience, terms, and price.

In the U.S. and Canada, HDFS financed 7068.64% and 2620.27% of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles retailed by dealers during ~~2024~~2025, respectively, compared to 6770.56% and 3326.32%, respectively, during ~~2023~~2024. Competitors for retail motorcycle finance business are primarily banks, credit unions and other financial institutions. In the motorcycle insurance business, competition primarily comes from national insurance companies and from insurance agencies serving local or regional markets. For insurance and voluntary protection products, HDFS faces competition from certain regional and national industry participants as well as dealer in-house programs. Competition for the wholesale motorcycle finance business primarily consists of banks and other financial institutions providing wholesale financing to dealers in their local markets.

Trademarks – HDFS uses various trademarks and trade names for its financial services and products, which are licensed from Harley-Davidson Motor Company, Inc., including HARLEY-DAVIDSON, H-D and the Bar & Shield Logo.

Seasonality – HDFS experiences seasonal variations in retail financing activities based on the timing of regional riding seasons in the U.S. and Canada. In general, from mid-March through August, retail financing volume is greatest. HDFS wholesale financing volume is affected by inventory levels at dealers. Dealers generally have higher inventory in the first half of the year. As a result, outstanding wholesale finance receivables are generally higher during the same period.

Regulation – HDFS operations are generally subject to supervision and regulation by federal and state administrative agencies and various foreign governmental authorities. Many of the requirements imposed by such entities are in place to provide consumer protection as it pertains to the selling and servicing of financial products and services. Therefore, HDFS operations may be subject to limitations imposed by regulations, laws and judicial and/or administrative decisions. In the U.S., for example, applicable laws include the federal Truth-in-Lending Act, Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, the unfair, deceptive and abusive practices (UDAAP) provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the consumer data privacy and security provisions of the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act.

Depending on the specific facts and circumstances involved, non-compliance with these laws may limit the ability of HDFS to collect all or part of the principal or interest on applicable loans, entitling the borrower to rescind the loan or to obtain a refund of amounts previously paid, or could subject HDFS to the payment of damages or penalties and administrative sanctions, including “cease and desist” orders, and could limit the number of loans eligible for HDFS's asset-backed financing programs.

The ~~Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and~~ Consumer ~~Protection Act granted the federal Consumer~~ Financial Protection Bureau (the Bureau) has significant supervisory, enforcement and rule-making authority in the area of consumer financial products and services. Certain actions and regulations of the Bureau will directly impact HDFS and its operations. For example, the Bureau has supervisory authority over non-bank larger participants in the vehicle financing market, which includes a non-bank subsidiary of HDFS.

Such regulatory requirements and associated supervision also could limit the discretion of HDFS in operating its business. Noncompliance with applicable statutes or regulations could result in the suspension or revocation of any charter, license or registration at issue, as well as the imposition of civil fines, criminal penalties and administrative sanctions.

Eaglemark Savings Bank (ESB), a subsidiary of HDFS, is a Nevada state thrift chartered as an Industrial Loan Company. The activities of ESB are governed by federal laws and regulations and State of Nevada banking laws. ESB is subject to examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and Nevada state bank examiners. ESB originates retail loans, retains certain of those loans and sells the remaining loans to a non-banking subsidiary of HDFS. This process allows HDFS to offer retail products with many common characteristics across the U.S. and to similarly service loans to U.S. retail customers.

109

Human Capital Management

The Company strives to attract, retain, motivate and develop top talent by creating job opportunities, paying workers fairly, ensuring safety and well-being and fostering a positive work environment in which all employees can perform at their best.

Workforce Composition – As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company’s global workforce was comprised of approximately 5,~~900~~500 employees, including approximately 54,~~100~~750, ~~200~~150 and 600 employees within the HDMC, LiveWire, and HDFS segments, respectively. Of all employees, 8280.56% are based in the U.S., 5760.90% are salaried, and 3431.85%, or approximately 21,~~000~~700 hourly unionized employees at the Company's U.S. manufacturing facilities, are represented as follows with collective bargaining agreements:

•York, Pennsylvania – International Association of Machinist and Aerospace Workers (IAM); agreement will expire on October 15, 2027

•Milwaukee, Wisconsin – United Steelworkers of America (USW) and IAM; agreements will expire on March 31, 2029

•Tomahawk, Wisconsin – USW, agreement will expire on March 31, 2029

Talent – ~~Attracting~~The ~~and~~Company ~~retaining~~believes ~~talent~~its isability ~~critical~~to inattract, andevelop ~~increasingly~~and ~~competitive~~retain ~~landscape.~~talent ~~The~~is ~~Company~~critical ~~relies~~to onsustaining ~~its~~innovation ~~talented~~and ~~workforce~~long-term toperformance. ~~innovate~~Through ~~and~~key ~~excel~~talent initiatives, ~~driving~~ the Company's ~~performance.~~strengthens ~~The~~its ~~Company~~talent ~~maintains~~pipeline ~~high~~and ~~standards~~supports incontinued ~~our~~employee ~~hiring,~~engagement ~~retention~~ and ~~talent development practices~~retention.

•The Company’s ~~performed~~STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts & Math) initiatives aim to inspire future innovators and develop skilled talent. ~~reviews~~This ~~for~~past ~~all~~year, ~~levels~~the Company served as the principal sponsor of ~~salaried~~the ~~employees~~BUILD toMoto ~~gain~~Mentor aProgram, ~~view~~providing experiences for 14 high school teams (90+ students). Additionally, the Company hired 8 industrial skilled trades apprentices, completed construction of a STEAM Lab at the Company's ~~top~~historic ~~talent~~Juneau ~~and~~Avenue tocampus ~~aid~~ in ~~differentiating~~Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and ~~supporting~~expanded ~~development~~outreach ofbeyond ~~talent~~Milwaukee ~~across~~to ~~the~~Tomahawk, ~~Company~~Wisconsin and York, Pennsylvania.

•The Company’s ~~measured~~Developing ~~employee~~Leaders ~~sentiment~~Program ~~and~~(DLP) ~~engagement~~is atdesigned ~~key~~for ~~lifecycle~~new ~~points~~ and ~~provided~~emerging ~~learning~~people ~~resources~~leaders, toequipping ~~help~~them ~~leaders~~with ~~improve~~essential ~~their~~skills ~~teams’~~to ~~engagement~~lead ~~and~~with ~~overall~~purpose, ~~employee~~critical-thinking, ~~experience~~and adaptability. AsOver ~~part~~the ofpast ~~this development~~year, ~~over~~the ~~1,500~~Company ~~salaried~~hosted ~~employees~~four ~~accessed~~global ~~approximately 6~~cohorts,~~000~~ ~~learning~~with ~~content~~more ~~items~~than ~~from~~120 ~~on-demand~~participants ~~digital~~successfully ~~learning~~completing ~~platforms~~the program. ~~The~~In ~~learning~~addition ~~content~~to ~~items~~core ~~focused~~courses ~~primarily~~that ondelivered foundational leadership, ~~goal~~learning through research-~~setting~~based ~~and~~modules, ~~talent~~participants ~~management~~engaged ~~and~~in ~~development~~group coaching interactive forums where senior leaders shared insights on critical leadership topics.

•Following employee onboarding, the Company ~~connected~~engaged ~~with~~more ~~over~~than ~~350~~475 new employees inthrough its New Employee Community. Over the past year, the Company hosted 20 new employee community ~~and~~sessions, ~~provided~~introducing ~~access~~new hires to ~~new~~key ~~employee~~business ~~resources,~~functions ~~including~~and ~~learning~~leaders ~~events~~across ~~and~~the ~~critical~~organization. ~~resources~~These tosessions ~~support~~attracted ~~them~~over ~~through~~1,500 ~~their~~attendees, ~~first~~fostering ~~six~~connection ~~months~~and ataccelerating integration into the Company culture.

Safety – Employee safety is an important aspect of the Company’s ability to attract talent and create a positive work environment. The Company’s unwavering commitment to safety is demonstrated through policies and procedures that promote a safe work environment. The Company promotes open communication regarding workplace safety issues and improvements. The Company continued its strong health and safety performance, ending the year with a 0.423 ~~recordable~~Recordable ~~rate~~Case Incident Rate, 0.316 restricted time (DART) rate and 0.103 lost time (DAFWII) rate for the Company.

Employee Well-Being – ~~Inclusive~~The ~~Stakeholder~~Company ~~Management~~believes ~~continues~~the towell-being, ~~be one of six key priorities under The Hardwire~~engagement, and ~~the~~empowerment ~~Company~~of ~~believes~~its ~~that~~employees ~~the~~are ~~success~~direct ofcontributors ~~The~~to ~~Hardwire~~its ~~will~~overall besuccess ~~realized~~and ~~through~~investing ~~the~~in employee well-being, ~~engagement~~is ~~and~~an ~~empowerment~~important part of investing in its ~~employees~~future.

•The Company maintained its focus on supporting employee ~~wellness~~well-being by continuing its investment in the Healthy Behavior Rewards, a program built on incentivizing employees to take action on improving their personal health.

•The Company continued its investment in mental health, engaging over 20% of its global population in its ~~newly launched~~ mental health support program.

•The Company ~~increased~~continued its investment in employee well-being through ~~the addition of~~ dedicated Health Promotion Specialists focused on improving the physical, mental, financial and social well-being of employees.

•InDuring ~~2024~~2025, through the Company’s ~~held~~Here ~~its~~to ~~third~~Help ~~annual~~employee ~~Month~~volunteer ofprogram, ~~Volunteering~~Harley-Davidson ~~Challenge.~~employees ~~Over~~collectively ~~285~~completed ~~employees~~more ~~completed~~than 1,~~863~~250 volunteer hours ofin ~~service,~~support ~~increasing~~of ~~participation~~local bycommunity ~~90% over the previous year~~organizations. This program encourages employees to be "here to help" by making meaningful impacts in their local communities, deepening relationships with peers and positively contributing to their personal well-being. ~~Over the course of the year, the Company's employees completed over 2,500 volunteer hours spread across nearly 500 employees.~~

•The Company continued to implement its revamped Total Rewards approach which included pay for performance, pay transparency, and annual market evaluations.

Internet Access

The Company’s website address is http://www.harley-davidson.com. The Company’s website address for investor relations is http://investor.harley-davidson.com/.

The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, are available on its investor relations website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files such material with, or furnishes such material to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and will be available on its investor website for a period of five (5) years thereafter. Prior SEC filings can be found on the SEC's Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system (EDGAR).

In addition, the Company makes available, through its investor relations website, the following corporate governance materials: (i) the Company’s Corporate Governance Policy; (ii) Committee Charters approved by the Company’s Board of Directors for the Audit and Finance Committee, Human Resources Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and ~~Brand~~Sustainability and ~~Sustainability~~Safety Committee; (iii) the Company’s Code of ~~Business~~ Conduct (the Code of Conduct); (iv) the Conflict of Interest Process for Directors, Executive Officers and Other Employees (the Conflict Process); (v) a list of the Company’s Board of Directors; (vi) the Company’s Bylaws; (vii) the Company’s Environmental and Energy Policy; (viii) the Company’s Policy for Managing Disclosure of Material Information; (ix) the Company’s Supplier Code of Conduct; (x) the California Transparency in Supply Chain Act Disclosure; (xi) the Statement on Conflict Minerals; (xii) the Political Engagement and Contributions 2019-~~2024~~2025; and (xiii) the Company's Clawback Policy. The Company's Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement for its 2025 annual meeting of shareholders, which will include information related to the compensation of the Company's named executive officers, will be made available through its investor relations website.

The Company's Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement for its 2026 annual meeting of shareholders, which will include information related to the compensation of the Company's named executive officers, will be made available through its investor relations website. The Company satisfies the disclosure requirements under the Code of Conduct, the Conflict Process and applicable New York Stock Exchange listing requirements regarding waivers of the Code of Conduct or the Conflict Process by disclosing the information in the Company’s proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders or on its investor relations website. The Company is not including the information contained on or available through any of its websites as a part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in Harley-Davidson, Inc. involves risks, including those discussed below. These risk factors should be considered carefully before deciding whether to invest in the Company.

Operational Risks

•The Company’s ability to remain competitive is dependent upon its capability to develop and successfully introduce new, innovative and compliant products while maintaining its ability to command a premium price relative to its competitors' motorcycles. The motorcycle market is highly competitive and continues to change in terms of styling preferences and advances in new technologies and, at the same time, is subject to increasing and evolving regulations, including those related to safety and emissions. Price, reliability, styling, quality, ~~and~~ product features and engine displacement are some of the factors that impact competition in the motorcycle market. The importance customers place on these and ~~electric~~other ~~vehicle~~factors may vary by market location. ~~The~~Thus, the Company must continue to make product advancements and product portfolio decisions to respond to changing consumer preferences, market demands, and legal and regulatory requirements, and distinguish its products from its competitors’ products ~~with~~in ~~unique~~the ~~styling~~relevant ~~and new technologies that consumers desire~~markets. Introducing new products and motorcycle models may not lead to the desired results, including driving profitable unit sales growth. As the Company incorporates new and different features and technology into its products, the Company must also protect its intellectual property from imitators ~~and ensure its products do not infringe the intellectual property of other companies~~. In addition, these new products must comply with applicable regulations in the markets in which they are sold and satisfy the potential demand for products that produce lower emissions and achieve better fuel economy. The Company must ~~make product advancements to respond to changing consumer preferences, market demands, and legal and regulatory requirements. The Company must~~ also be able to design and manufacture these products in a cost-efficient manner and deliver them to avarious ~~global~~markets ~~marketplace~~globally. inThe anCompany’s ~~efficient~~global ~~and~~manufacturing ~~timely~~footprint ~~manner~~is ~~and~~a atsignificant ~~prices~~factor ~~that~~in ~~are~~its ~~attractive~~ability to ~~customers.~~deliver Asits aproducts ~~pioneer~~globally in a ~~new~~cost-efficient ~~industry~~manner; however, ~~the~~ongoing ~~Company’s~~geopolitical ~~LiveWire~~tensions, ~~segment~~supply ~~inherently~~chain ~~has limited experience designing~~disruptions, ~~testing,~~and ~~manufacturing,~~logistics ~~marketing~~issues ~~and~~arising ~~selling~~from ~~electric~~regional ~~motorcycles~~conflicts ~~and~~may impede the Company’s ~~therefore~~ability ~~cannot assure that LiveWire will be able~~ to ~~meet~~make ~~customer~~strategic ~~expectations.~~production ~~The~~decisions, ~~electric~~including ~~vehicle~~managing ~~market~~the isproduction ~~relatively~~mix ~~new~~in ~~and~~response ~~may~~to ~~not~~factors ~~develop~~such as ~~the~~raw ~~Company~~material ~~expects.~~shortages, Inworkforce ~~addition~~constraints, ~~electric~~supplier ~~vehicles~~shutdowns, ~~are inherently new products~~ and ~~electric~~other ~~vehicle~~challenges ~~companies~~that ~~may~~could ~~also~~affect ~~experience~~pricing. ~~delays~~Further, in the ~~design,~~Company ~~production~~may ~~and~~take ~~commercial~~pricing ~~release~~actions of, ~~new~~which ~~products.~~have Toincluded ~~the~~and ~~extent~~may ~~the~~continue ~~LiveWire~~to ~~segment~~include ~~delays~~introducing ~~the~~incentives, ~~launch~~to ofmake ~~future~~prices ~~models~~more ofattractive ~~electric~~to ~~vehicles~~customers orin the ~~electric~~relevant ~~vehicle~~markets. ~~market~~This ~~fails~~may toimpact ~~develop as~~ the Company's ~~expects,~~long-term ~~its~~ability ~~growth~~to ~~prospects~~command ~~could~~a bepremium ~~adversely~~price ~~affected~~relative ~~as it may fail~~ to ~~establish or grow~~ its ~~market~~competitors, ~~share.~~and ~~There~~there ~~can~~is be no ~~assurances~~guarantee that ~~the~~such ~~Company~~actions will be successful ~~in these endeavors, or that existing and prospective customers will like or want the Company’s new products~~.

•The Company faces increasing competition and failure to compete effectively may adversely impact its business and operating results. Many of the Company’s competitors are more diversified than the Company, and they may compete in all or many segments of the motorcycle market, other powersports markets and/or the automotive ~~market. Also, the Company’s manufacturer’s suggested retail price for its motorcycles is generally higher than its competitors. If~~

market. Also, the Company’s manufacturer’s suggested retail price for its motorcycles is generally higher than its competitors. If price becomes a more important factor for consumers in the markets in which the Company competes, the Company may be at a competitive disadvantage. The Company also faces pricing pressure from international competitors who may have the advantage of manufacturing and marketing products in their respective countries, allowing them to sell products at lower prices within or outside of their respective countries. Furthermore, many competitors headquartered outside the U.S. experience a financial benefit when there is a strengthening in the U.S. dollar relative to their home currency that can enable them to reduce prices to U.S. consumers. The Company and LiveWire Group, Inc. are also subject to policies and actions of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Many major competitors of the Company and LiveWire Group, Inc. are not subject to the requirements of the SEC or the NYSE rules. As a result, the Company or LiveWire Group, Inc. may be required to disclose certain information that may put the Company or LiveWire Group, Inc. at a competitive disadvantage to their principal competitors. Additionally, the Company’s LiveWire segment is subject to competition in the electric vehicle sector from companies that are at various levels of maturity, which include several major motorcycle companies that have electric vehicles available today and other current and prospective motorcycle manufacturers that may be developing electric vehicles. Increased competition or failure of the electric vehicle market to develop may lead to lower vehicle unit sales and increased inventory, which may result in downward price pressure and adversely affect the business, prospects, financial condition and operating results of the LiveWire segment. As a result of new entrants into the electric vehicle market, there may be increased competition for component and other parts of LiveWire’s electric vehicles, which may have limited or single-source supply, or suppliers may be unwilling to provide product at lower volumes. In addition, the Harley-Davidson Financial Services segment faces competition from various banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions that may have access to additional sources of capital at more competitive rates and terms, particularly for borrowers in higher credit tiers. The Company's responses to these competitive pressures, or its failure to adequately address and respond to these competitive pressures, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

•The Company relies on its suppliers to obtain raw materials and provide component parts for use in the manufacture of its motorcycles and products. Inflationary pressures, including on manufacturing, and the availability of components and raw materials, such as rare earth elements, or instability in logistics, including the escalating tensions between the U.S. and foreign leaders regarding the Panama Canal, and related costs may negatively impact the Company's profitability. The Company may experience supply problems relating to raw materials and components, such as component shortages, unfavorable pricing, poor quality, termination of supply of some of the Company's components or untimely delivery. The prices for these raw materials and components may fluctuate depending on market conditions, which include inflation of raw material costs, exchange rate fluctuations, commodity market volatility, tariffs, embargoes, sanctions, trade policies, and other trade restrictions. In certain circumstances, the Company relies on a single supplier to provide component parts or a contract manufacturer to manufacture certain components and/or products, and a change or disruption in these established relationships may cause disruption in the Company’s production schedule. In addition, the price and availability of raw materials and component parts from suppliers can be adversely affected by factors outside of the Company’s control, such as the supply of a necessary raw material, capacity constraints, labor shortages or disputes, natural disasters, extreme weather events, pandemics (like COVID-19), epidemics or other public health crises, trade and shipping disruptions, fluctuating costs of ocean freight, wars and trade policies. Further, the Company's suppliers and contract manufacturers may experience difficulty in funding their day-to-day cash flow needs because of tightening credit caused by financial market disruption. In addition, adverse economic conditions and related pressure on select suppliers or contract manufacturers due to difficulties in global manufacturing could adversely affect their ability to supply the Company. For example, one of the Company's suppliers, First Brands Group, LLC - a leading automotive parts provider - filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in September 2025 and has recently relied on the support of its customers as it works through various funding challenges. The Company had to work to mitigate potential negative effects on its supply chain due to this issue. The unavailability of any component or supplier or contract manufacturer could result in production delays and/or product design changes and impact the Company’s ability to fulfill orders. Changes in laws and policies relating to trade and taxation may also adversely impact the Company's foreign suppliers or contract manufacturers. Natural disasters, extreme weather, epidemics, or health crises at supplier or contract manufacturer locations may disrupt supply to the Company. These supplier risks may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. Such disruptions have resulted in and could further result in manufacturing inefficiencies due to the delay in delivering components for production or having to find alternative components due to lack of availability and could place the Company in an uncompetitive position resulting in a material adverse effect on its operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

~~price~~•Increased ~~becomes~~supply aof ~~more~~and/or ~~important~~declining ~~factor~~prices for ~~consumers~~used inmotorcycles ~~the~~and ~~markets~~excess insupply ~~which~~of ~~the~~new ~~Company~~motorcycles ~~competes,~~may ~~the~~adversely ~~Company~~impact ~~may~~retail besales atof anew ~~competitive~~motorcycles ~~disadvantage.~~by ~~The~~the Company's ~~also~~dealers. ~~faces~~The ~~pricing~~Company ~~pressure~~has ~~from~~observed ~~international~~that ~~competitors~~when ~~who may have~~ the ~~advantage~~supply of ~~manufacturing~~used ~~and~~motorcycles ~~marketing~~increases ~~products~~or inthe ~~their respective countries, allowing them to sell products at lower~~ prices ~~within~~for orused ~~outside~~Harley-Davidson ~~their~~motorcycles ~~respective countries. Furthermore~~decline, ~~many competitors headquartered outside the U.S. experience a financial benefit when~~ there iscan abe ~~strengthening~~reduced indemand ~~the~~among ~~U.S.~~retail ~~dollar~~purchasers ~~relative~~for tonew ~~their~~Harley-Davidson ~~home~~motorcycles ~~currency~~at ~~that~~or ~~can~~near ~~enable~~manufacturer’s ~~them~~suggested toretail ~~reduce~~ prices ~~to U~~.S. ~~consumers.~~Further, ~~The~~the Company and ~~LiveWire~~its ~~Group,~~dealers ~~Inc.~~can ~~are~~and ~~also~~do ~~subject~~take ~~to policies and~~ actions ofthat influence the ~~U.S.~~markets ~~Securities~~for ~~and~~new ~~Exchange Commission (SEC)~~ and ~~New~~used ~~York~~Harley-Davidson ~~Stock Exchange (NYSE)~~motorcycles. ~~Many~~For ~~major competitors of the Company and LiveWire Group~~example, ~~Inc.~~introduction ~~are not subject to the requirements~~ of ~~the~~new ~~SEC~~motorcycle ormodels ~~the~~with ~~NYSE~~significantly ~~rules.~~different Asstyling, adesign, ~~result~~functionality, ~~the~~technology ~~Company~~ or ~~LiveWire~~other ~~Group,~~customer ~~Inc.~~satisfiers ~~may~~can beresult ~~required~~in toincreased ~~disclose~~supply ~~certain~~of ~~information~~used ~~that~~motorcycles, ~~may~~which ~~put~~could ~~the~~result ~~Company~~in ordeclining ~~LiveWire~~prices ~~Group,~~for ~~Inc.~~used atmotorcycles aand ~~competitive~~prior ~~disadvantage~~model-year tonew ~~their principal competitors~~motorcycles. ~~Additionally~~Also, the Company’s ~~LiveWire~~approach ~~segment is subject~~ to ~~competition~~supply ~~in the electric vehicle sector from companies that are at various levels of maturity, which include several major motorcycle companies that have electric vehicles available today~~ and ~~other~~inventory ~~current~~management ~~and prospective motorcycle manufacturers that are or~~ may not be ~~developing~~effective, ~~electric vehicles. Increased competition~~ or ~~failure of~~ the ~~electric~~Company’s ~~vehicle~~competitors ~~market~~could choose to ~~develop~~supply ~~may~~new ~~lead~~motorcycles to ~~lower~~the ~~vehicle~~market ~~unit sales and increased inventory, which may result~~ in ~~downward~~excess ~~price~~of ~~pressure~~demand ~~and~~at ~~adversely~~reduced ~~affect the business~~prices, ~~prospects,~~which ~~financial~~could ~~condition~~also ~~and~~have ~~operating results of~~ the ~~LiveWire~~effect ~~segment. As a result~~ of ~~new~~reducing ~~entrants~~demand ~~into the electric vehicle market, there may be increased competition~~ for ~~component~~new ~~and~~Harley-Davidson ~~other~~motorcycles ~~parts~~at ofor ~~LiveWire~~near manufacturer’s ~~electric~~suggested ~~vehicles,~~retail ~~which~~prices. ~~may~~Reduced ~~have~~demand ~~limited~~among orretail ~~single-source~~purchasers ~~supply,~~for ornew ~~suppliers may be unwilling to provide product at lower volumes. In addition, the~~ Harley-Davidson ~~Financial~~motorcycles ~~Services~~leads ~~segment faces competition from various banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions that may have access~~ to ~~additional~~reduced ~~sources~~shipments ofby ~~capital~~the ~~at more competitive rates and terms, particularly for borrowers in higher credit tiers. The~~ Company's ~~responses to these competitive pressures, or its failure to adequately address~~ and ~~respond to these competitive pressures,~~ may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

•The Company must prevent and detect issues with its products, components purchased from suppliers, and ~~their~~the related manufacturing processes to reduce recall campaigns, warranty costs, litigation, product liability claims, delays in new model launches, ~~and~~disruptions ~~regulatory~~in ~~investigations.~~production ~~The~~and/or ~~Company~~shipment, ~~must~~and ~~complete~~regulatory ~~any~~investigations ~~recall~~and ~~campaigns within cost expectations~~fines. The Company must continually improve and adhere to appropriate product development and manufacturing processes and ensure that its suppliers, contract manufacturers, and their sub-tier suppliers adhere to appropriate product development and manufacturing processes, to ensure the Company and its dealers are selling high-quality products that meet customer needs and desires and comply with applicable regulations. If product designs or manufacturing processes are defective, the Company could experience delays in new model launches, disruptions in production, delays in shipment, field actions, such as product programs and product recalls, and inquiries or investigations from regulatory agencies, which could subject the Company to fines and penalties, and warranty claims and product liability claims, which may involve purported class actions or significant jury verdicts. For example, during the second quarter of 2022, the Company ~~received~~suspended ~~information~~all ~~from~~vehicle aassembly ~~Tier~~and 2shipments ~~supplier~~for ~~concerning~~approximately atwo ~~potential~~weeks due to a regulatory compliance matter relating to ~~the~~a Tier 2 supplier’s brake hose assemblies. ~~As a result, out of an abundance of caution, the Company suspended all vehicle assembly and shipments for approximately two weeks during the second quarter of 2022.~~ In June 2023, the same Tier 2 supplier notified the Company that it was investigating a new, separate ~~potential~~ quality issue with brake hose assemblies produced by the Tier 2 supplier after the Company’s 2022 production suspension. Due to this issue, the Company was forced to suspend production of most of the motorcycles manufactured at its York facility and run limited motorcycle manufacturing operations there for approximately two weeks. AsBoth ~~permitted by federal law, both~~ the Tier 2 supplier and the Company leveraged NHTSA’s standard process to petition the agency for a determination that both of the potential non-compliances are inconsequential to motor vehicle safety. If NHTSA makes the inconsequentiality determinations requested, the Company will be exempt from conducting a field action or a recall of its motorcycles related to these matters. ~~Based~~The onCompany ~~its~~expects ~~expectation~~ that NHTSA will make the inconsequentiality determinations,; ~~the Company does not expect that these matters will result in material costs in the future and no such costs have been accrued. However~~however, it is possible that a recall or field action could be required that could cause the Company to incur material costs. Any future product recall ~~in the future~~, whether initiated by the Company, a supplier, or a ~~supplier~~contract manufacturer, may ~~result~~lead into ~~adverse~~negative publicity, ~~damage~~harm the Company’s brand image, and ~~adversely~~negatively ~~affect~~impact ~~the~~its ~~Company’s~~ business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. ~~Such~~Recalls ~~recalls,~~arising ~~whether~~from ~~caused by~~ systems or components engineered or manufactured by ~~the~~any ~~Company,~~of ~~LiveWire~~these orparties ~~the~~may ~~suppliers~~also ofresult ~~either~~in ofconsiderable ~~them~~expenses, ~~may~~potential ~~involve significant expense~~litigation, ~~the possibility of lawsuits~~ and diversion of management’s attention and other resources, all of which could ~~adversely~~further affect the Company’s brand ~~image~~ and ~~the~~overall ~~Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results~~performance. While the Company uses reasonable methods to estimate the cost of warranty, recall and product liabilities, and appropriately reflects those in its financial statements, there is a risk the actual costs could exceed estimates and result in damages that are not covered by insurance. Further, selling products with quality issues, the announcement of recalls and the filing of product liability claims (whether or not successful), may also adversely affect the reputation and brand strength of the Company with a resulting adverse impact on sales.

•The Company primarily sells its products at wholesale and must rely to a large extent on a network of independent dealers and distributors to manage the retail distribution of its products. The Company depends on the capability of its independent distributors and dealers to develop and implement effective retail sales plans to create demand among retail purchasers for the motorcycles and related products and services that the dealers purchase from the Company. If the Company’s distributors and dealers are not successful in these endeavors, or do not appropriately adapt to the evolving retail landscape and effectively implement successful retail strategies, then the Company may be unable to maintain or grow its revenues and meet its financial expectations. There is no assurance that the Company's dealers' or distributors' retail strategies will be successful. Additionally, distributors and dealers may experience difficulty in funding their day-to-day cash flow needs and paying their obligations resulting from adverse business conditions, such as weakened retail sales and tightened credit. If distributors and dealers are unsuccessful or unprofitable, they may exit or be forced to exit their business or, in some cases, the Company may seek to terminate relationships with certain distributors and dealers, leading to a reduction in the number of distributors or

~~products~~dealers. ~~with~~The ~~quality~~departure ~~issues~~of dealers could also affect the LiveWire segment, since selling electric motorcycles directly to retail customers through the ~~announcement~~independent ofdealer ~~recalls~~network is a main sales channel. The Company could face lawsuits and additional adverse consequences related to the ~~filing~~termination of ~~product~~its ~~liability~~independent ~~claims~~distributor ~~(whether~~and ordealer ~~not~~relationships. ~~successful)~~Additionally, liquidating a former distributor’s or dealer’s inventory of new and used motorcycles can add downward pressure on new and used motorcycle prices which may ~~also~~cause ~~adversely~~adverse ~~affect~~consequences for the ~~reputation~~remaining distributor and ~~brand~~dealer ~~strength~~network. Further, the unplanned loss of any of the Company’s independent distributors or ~~LiveWire~~dealers may lead to inadequate market coverage for retail sales of new motorcycles and for servicing previously sold motorcycles, create negative impressions of the Company with aits ~~resulting~~retail ~~adverse~~customers and adversely impact onthe ~~sales~~Company’s ability to collect wholesale receivables from that dealer. Finally, the Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of a dealer failure or inability to redistribute motorcycles that the Company has repossessed from a closing dealer or that a closing dealer has surrendered to the Company at invoice price through the Company’s subsidiary, HDFS.

•~~Increased~~A ~~supply~~significant ofcybersecurity ~~and/~~incident or ~~declining~~data ~~prices~~privacy ~~for~~breach ~~used~~could ~~motorcycles~~disrupt ~~and~~the ~~excess~~Company’s ~~supply~~information oftechnology ~~new~~environment ~~motorcycles~~and ~~may~~data ~~adversely~~security ~~impact~~infrastructure, ~~retail~~impacting ~~sales~~its ofbusiness ~~new~~operations, ~~motorcycles~~and bymay adversely affect the Company’s ~~dealers~~reputation, revenue and earnings. The Company ~~has~~utilizes ~~observed~~information ~~that~~technology ~~when~~as a core component of its business operations. The security, availability, and integrity of its information technology environment and data security infrastructure are essential for the ~~supply~~execution of ~~used~~specific ~~motorcycles~~business ~~increases~~activities. orAdditionally, the ~~prices~~Company ~~for~~relies ~~used~~on ~~Harley-Davidson~~its ~~motorcycles~~ability ~~decline~~to develop and continually update its information technology environment and related infrastructure in response to its changing business needs. The Company implements new and emerging technologies, ~~there~~such ~~can~~as beartificial ~~reduced~~intelligence, ~~demand~~and ~~among~~necessary ~~retail~~upgrades ~~purchasers~~to ~~for~~these technologies while supporting its older technologies. The implementation of the new ~~Harley~~technologies and upgrades to technologies may not perform as expected. Additionally, as technologies age, they may become obsolete, potentially leading to performance problems and raising cybersecurity risks. Third-~~Davidson~~party ~~motorcycles~~service ~~(at~~providers and vendors not under the direct control of the Company may provide and/or ~~near~~manage ~~manufacturer~~some of these technologies. The Company and certain of its third-party service providers and vendors receive, digitally store and transmit personal and other information in connection with the Company’s ~~suggested~~human ~~retail~~resources ~~prices).~~operations, ~~Further~~financial services operations, e-commerce, the Harley Owners Group, dealer management, mobile applications and other aspects of its business. The Company’s information technology environment and data security infrastructure, and those of its ~~dealers~~third-party ~~can~~service providers and dovendors, ~~take~~are ~~actions~~susceptible ~~that~~to ~~influence~~continually evolving cybersecurity risks. Unauthorized parties engage in a regular practice of attempting to gain access to these environments and infrastructure, including the ~~markets~~information ~~for~~the ~~new~~Company and ~~used~~its ~~Harley~~third-~~Davidson~~party ~~motorcycles.~~service ~~For~~providers ~~example~~and vendors maintain on them or use, ~~introduction~~through fraud or other means of ~~new~~deception. ~~motorcycle~~Hardware ~~models~~or ~~with~~software ~~significantly~~the ~~different~~Company ~~styling,~~develops or obtains from third-parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, ~~functionality~~vulnerabilities, ~~technology~~ or other ~~customer~~problems ~~satisfiers~~that ~~can~~could ~~result~~unexpectedly incompromise ~~increased~~information ~~supply~~security ofand/or the Company’s operations. The methods used ~~motorcycles~~to obtain unauthorized access, ~~which~~disable ~~could~~or ~~result~~degrade inservice ~~declining~~or ~~prices~~sabotage ~~for~~systems ~~used~~and ~~motorcycles~~networks are constantly evolving and ~~prior~~may ~~model-year~~be difficult to anticipate or detect. Threat actors may also utilize new ~~motorcycles~~or emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. ~~Also~~The Company has implemented and regularly reviews and updates processes and procedures designed to protect against unauthorized access to or use of secured data and to prevent data loss. However, ~~while~~the ever-evolving threats mean the Company and third-party service providers and vendors must continually evaluate and adapt systems and processes, and there is ~~operating~~no ~~with~~assurance athat ~~remodeled~~they ~~approach~~will be adequate to ~~supply~~safeguard against all cybersecurity incidents or misuses of data. The Company and ~~inventory~~certain ~~management~~of the Company's third-party providers have experienced cybersecurity attacks, ~~that~~but ~~approach~~to ~~may~~date they have not bematerially ~~effective~~compromised the Company’s information technology environment or data security infrastructure or resulted in a material impact on the Company’s business or operations or intellectual property or the material release of confidential information about its employees, customers, dealers, suppliers or other third parties. Any future significant compromise or breach of the Company’s ~~competitors~~information ~~could~~technology ~~choose~~environment toor ~~supply~~data ~~new~~security ~~motorcycles~~infrastructure, whether external or internal, or misuse of customer, employee, dealer, supplier or Company data could result in disruption to the ~~market~~Company’s inoperations, ~~excess~~significant costs, lost sales, lawsuits with third-parties, fines and penalties, government enforcement actions, unauthorized release of ~~demand~~confidential, atproprietary ~~reduced~~or ~~prices~~otherwise protected information, ~~which~~loss ~~could~~of ~~also~~intellectual ~~have~~property rights, such as trade secrets, corruption of data, negative impact on the ~~effect~~value of ~~reducing~~investment ~~demand~~in ~~for~~research, ~~new~~development ~~Harley-Davidson~~and ~~motorcycles~~engineering, ~~(at~~remediation costs and/or ~~near~~damage ~~manufacturer~~to the Company’s ~~suggested~~reputation. ~~retail~~In ~~prices).~~addition, ~~Ultimately~~as the regulatory environment related to information security, ~~reduced~~data ~~demand~~collection ~~among~~and ~~retail~~use ~~purchasers~~and ~~for~~privacy becomes increasingly rigorous with new ~~Harley-Davidson~~and ~~motorcycles~~evolving ~~leads~~requirements, tocompliance ~~reduced~~could ~~shipments~~also byresult in the Company being required to incur additional costs.

•A significant cybersecurity incident or data privacy breach could disrupt the Company’s information technology environment and data security infrastructure, impacting its business operations, and may adversely affect the Company’s reputation, revenue and earnings. The Company isutilizes ~~dependent~~a onlimited ~~the~~number ~~security, availability, and integrity~~ of ~~its~~contract ~~information~~manufacturers ~~technology environment and data security infrastructure~~ to ~~operate~~produce certain ~~business~~components ~~activities.~~and/or ~~Additionally~~products, ~~the~~which ~~Company~~may ~~relies~~present onsignificant ~~its~~risks ~~ability~~due to develop and continually update its information technology environment and related infrastructure in response to its changing business needs. The Company implements new technologies and necessary upgrades to these technologies while supporting its older technologies, and the ~~implementation~~lack of ~~the new technologies and upgrades to technologies may not perform as expected. Third-party service providers and vendors not under the~~ direct control ofover ~~the~~their ~~Company may provide and/or manage some of these technologies. The Company and certain of its third-party service providers and vendors receive~~activities, ~~store~~including ~~and~~delivery ~~transmit digital personal and other information in connection with the Company’s human resources operations~~schedules, ~~financial~~quality ~~services operations~~assurance, ~~e-commerce,~~production ~~the~~costs ~~Harley Owners Group, dealer management, mobile applications~~ and ~~other~~manufacturing ~~aspects of its business~~yields. InOur ~~addition,~~contract ~~the~~manufacturers' ~~Company’s~~inability operations are dependent in many ways on its information systems and those of its third-party service providers and vendors. The Company’s information systems, and those of its third-party service providers and vendors, are susceptible to ~~continually~~produce ~~evolving~~certain ~~cybersecurity~~components ~~risks. Unauthorized parties engage in a regular practice of attempting to gain access to these systems or the information the Company~~ and ~~its third-party service providers and vendors maintain and use through fraud~~ /or ~~other~~products means of deceiving the Company's employees and third-party service providers and vendors. Hardware, software or applications the Company develops or obtains from third-parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that ~~could~~satisfy ~~unexpectedly~~our ~~compromise~~requirements ~~information security and/or the Company’s operations. The methods used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems are constantly evolving and~~ may be difficult to anticipate or detect. The Company has implemented and regularly reviews and updates processes and procedures designed to protect against unauthorized access to or use of secured data and to prevent data loss. However, the ever-evolving threats mean the Company and third-party service providers and vendors must continually evaluate and adapt systems and processes, and there is no guarantee that they will be adequate to safeguard against all cybersecurity incidents or misuses of data. The Company and certain of the Company's third-party providers have ~~experienced information security attacks, but to date they have not materially compromised the Company’s computing environment or resulted in~~ a material impact on the Company’s business or operations or the material release of confidential information about its employees, customers, dealers, suppliers or other third parties. Any future significant compromise or breach of the Company’s data security, whether external or internal, or misuse of customer, employee, dealer, supplier or Company data could result in disruption to the Company’s operations, significant costs, lost sales, lawsuits with third-parties, fines and penalties, government enforcement actions, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, corruption of data, negative impact on the value of investment in research, development and engineering, remediation costs and/or damage to the Company’s reputation. In addition, as the regulatory environment related to information security, data collection and use and privacy becomes increasingly rigorous with new and evolving requirements, compliance could also result in the Company being required to incur additional costs.

•The Company’s motorcycle operations are dependent upon unionized labor. A substantial portion of the hourly production employees working in the Company's motorcycle operations are represented by unions and covered by collective bargaining agreements. The Company is currently a party to four collective bargaining agreements with

~~local~~adverse ~~affiliates~~effect ofon our business. In certain circumstances, the ~~International~~Company ~~Association~~relies ofon ~~Machinists~~contract ~~and~~manufacturers ~~Aerospace~~to ~~Workers~~provide manufacturing, procurement, logistics and ~~the~~distribution ~~United~~services ~~Steelworkers~~for ofcertain ~~America~~components and/or products. ~~The~~If ~~current~~the ~~collective~~contract ~~bargaining~~manufacturer ~~agreement~~becomes ~~with~~unwilling ~~hourly~~or ~~employees~~unable into ~~Pennsylvania~~manufacture ~~will~~components ~~expire~~and/or onproducts ~~October~~at 15the required quantity, ~~2027~~quality, ~~and~~cost ~~the~~or ~~agreements~~schedule, ~~with~~the ~~employees~~Company inmay ~~Wisconsin~~need ~~will~~to ~~expire~~engage onanother ~~March~~contract ~~31,~~manufacturer ~~2029.~~or ~~There~~build isits noown ~~certainty~~in-house ~~that~~manufacturing ~~the~~capabilities, ~~Company~~which ~~will~~could because ~~successful~~the inCompany ~~negotiating~~to ~~new~~incur ~~agreements~~significant ~~with~~cost ~~these~~and ~~unions~~expense. ~~that~~Additionally, ~~extend~~it ~~beyond~~may ~~the~~take ~~current~~time ~~expiration~~to ~~dates~~transition orto ~~that~~another ~~these~~contract ~~new~~manufacturer, ~~agreements~~and ~~will~~there beis onno ~~terms~~assurance that ~~will~~another ~~allow~~contract ~~the~~manufacturer ~~Company~~would to be ~~competitive.~~able ~~The~~to meet the Company'’s ~~decisions~~capacity, ~~regarding~~capability ~~opening,~~or ~~closing,~~quality ~~expanding~~requirements, ~~contracting~~ or ~~restructuring~~otherwise ~~its~~be ~~facilities~~an ~~may~~effective ~~involve~~and ~~changes~~acceptable tomanufacturing ~~existing or new bargaining agreements~~solution. ~~Failure~~Additionally, toutilizing ~~renew~~contract ~~existing~~manufacturers ~~agreements~~subjects ~~when~~the ~~they~~Company ~~expire~~to orrisks toassociated ~~amend~~with ~~agreements~~the orprotection ~~establish~~of ~~new~~our ~~collective~~trademarks ~~bargaining~~and ~~agreements~~other ~~when~~intellectual ~~that~~property. isIf ~~necessary~~our oncontract ~~terms~~manufacturers ~~acceptable~~fail to ~~the~~protect ~~Company~~our ~~and~~trademarks, ~~the~~trade ~~unions~~secrets ~~could~~and ~~result~~other inintellectual ~~the~~property, ~~relocation~~either ofintentionally ~~production~~or unintentionally, ~~work~~including ~~stoppages~~producing orproducts ~~other~~that ~~labor~~compete ~~disruptions~~with ours, ~~which~~it may ~~have~~adversely aaffect ~~material~~our ~~adverse~~operations, ~~effect~~financial oncondition ~~the Company’s business~~ and/or ~~results~~cash ~~of operations~~flows.

•The Company’s ~~relies~~motorcycle onoperations ~~its~~are ~~suppliers~~dependent toupon ~~obtain~~unionized ~~raw materials and provide component parts for use in the manufacture of its motorcycles~~labor. ~~Inflationary~~A ~~pressures~~substantial ~~and~~portion ~~availability~~ of ~~components~~the ~~and~~hourly ~~raw~~production ~~materials,~~employees orworking ~~instability~~ in ~~logistics, including~~ the ~~escalating~~Company's ~~tensions~~motorcycle ~~between~~operations ~~the~~are ~~U.S.~~represented ~~and~~by ~~foreign~~unions ~~leaders regarding the Panama Canal,~~ and ~~related~~covered ~~costs~~by ~~may~~collective ~~negatively~~bargaining ~~impact the Company's profitability~~agreements. The Company ~~may~~is ~~experience~~currently ~~supply~~a ~~problems~~party ~~relating~~ to ~~raw~~four ~~materials~~collective ~~and~~bargaining ~~components~~agreements ~~such~~with aslocal ~~component~~affiliates ~~shortages,~~of ~~unfavorable~~the ~~pricing,~~International ~~poor~~Association ~~quality, termination~~ of ~~supply~~Machinists ofand ~~some~~Aerospace ofWorkers and the ~~Company's~~United ~~components~~Steelworkers orof ~~untimely delivery~~America. The ~~prices~~current ~~for~~collective ~~these~~bargaining ~~raw~~agreement ~~materials~~with ~~and~~hourly ~~components~~employees ~~may~~in ~~fluctuate~~Pennsylvania ~~depending~~will expire on ~~market~~October ~~conditions~~15, ~~which~~2027, ~~include~~and ~~inflation~~the ofagreements ~~raw~~with ~~material~~employees ~~costs,~~in ~~exchange~~Wisconsin ~~rate~~will ~~fluctuations,~~expire ~~commodity~~on ~~market~~March ~~volatility~~31, ~~tariffs,~~2029. ~~embargoes,~~There ~~sanctions,~~is ~~trade~~no ~~policies,~~certainty ~~and~~that ~~other trade restrictions. In certain circumstances,~~ the Company ~~relies~~will onbe asuccessful ~~single supplier to provide component parts, and a change or disruption~~ in ~~this~~negotiating ~~established~~new ~~supply~~agreements ~~relationship~~with ~~may~~these ~~cause~~unions ~~disruption~~that inextend ~~the~~beyond ~~Company’s production schedule. In addition,~~ the ~~price~~current ~~and~~expiration ~~availability~~dates ofor ~~raw~~that ~~materials~~these ~~and~~new ~~component~~agreements ~~parts~~will ~~from suppliers can~~ be ~~adversely~~on ~~affected~~terms bythat ~~factors~~will ~~outside~~allow of the Company’s ~~control~~to ~~such~~be ascompetitive. ~~the~~The ~~supply~~Company's ofdecisions aregarding ~~necessary~~opening, ~~raw material~~closing, ~~capacity constraints~~expanding, ~~labor~~contracting ~~shortages~~ or ~~disputes,~~restructuring ~~natural~~its ~~disasters,~~facilities ~~extreme~~may ~~weather~~involve ~~events,~~changes ~~pandemics~~to ~~(like~~existing ~~COVID-19), epidemics~~ or ~~other~~new ~~public~~bargaining ~~health crises, trade and shipping disruptions, fluctuating costs of ocean freight, wars and trade policies~~agreements. Further, the Company's ~~suppliers~~strategic ~~may~~decisions ~~experience~~regarding ~~difficulty~~the inuse ~~funding their day-to-day cash flow needs because~~ of ~~tightening~~its ~~credit~~global ~~caused~~manufacturing byoperations, ~~financial~~including ~~market~~using ~~disruption.~~contract ~~In addition~~manufacturing, ~~adverse~~may ~~economic~~adversely ~~conditions~~impact ~~and~~the ~~related~~successful ~~pressure~~renewal onof ~~select~~the ~~suppliers~~existing ~~due~~agreements. Failure to ~~difficulties~~renew in the ~~global~~existing ~~manufacturing~~agreements ~~arena~~when ~~could~~they ~~adversely~~expire ~~affect~~or ~~their ability~~ to ~~supply~~amend ~~the~~agreements ~~Company.~~or ~~The~~establish ~~unavailability~~new ofcollective ~~any~~bargaining ~~component~~agreements orwhen ~~supplier~~that ~~could~~is ~~result~~necessary inon ~~production~~terms ~~delays,~~acceptable ~~product~~to ~~design~~the ~~changes~~Company and ~~impact~~ the ~~Company’s~~unions ~~ability~~could toresult ~~fulfill orders. Changes~~ in ~~laws~~the ~~and~~relocation ~~policies~~of ~~relating~~production, towork ~~trade~~stoppages ~~and~~or ~~taxation~~other ~~may~~labor ~~also~~disruptions, ~~adversely~~which ~~impact the Company's foreign suppliers. These supplier risks~~ may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. Such disruptions have resulted in and could further result in manufacturing inefficiencies due to the delay in delivering components for production or having to find alternative components due to lack of availability and could place the Company in an uncompetitive position resulting in a material adverse effect on its operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

•~~The~~Weather ~~Company primarily sells its products at wholesale~~ and ~~must~~weather-related ~~rely~~events tomay aimpact ~~large extent on a network of dealers and distributors to manage the~~ retail ~~distribution of its products. The Company depends on the capability of its distributors and dealers to develop and implement effective retail~~ sales ~~plans~~by ~~to create demand among retail purchasers for~~ the ~~motorcycles and related products and services that the dealers purchase from the~~ Company~~. If the Company’~~'s ~~distributors and~~ dealers. ~~are~~The ~~not successful in these endeavors, or do not appropriately adapt to the evolving retail landscape and effectively implement the~~ Company's ~~and~~has ~~their~~observed ~~own retail strategies then the Company will be unable to maintain or grow its revenues and meet its financial expectations. Further, there is no assurance~~ that ~~the~~abnormally ~~Company's,~~cold ~~dealers'~~ and/or ~~distributors'~~wet ~~retail~~conditions ~~strategies~~in ~~will~~a ~~be successful. Additionally~~region, ~~distributors~~including ~~and~~impacts ~~dealers may experience difficulty in funding their day-to-day cash flow needs and paying their obligations resulting~~ from ~~adverse~~hurricanes ~~business conditions, such as weakened retail sales and tightened credit. If distributors and dealers are unsuccessful, they may exit~~ or beunusual ~~forced to exit the business or~~storms, ~~in some cases, the Company may seek to terminate relationships with certain distributors and dealerships. As a result, the Company~~ could ~~face~~have ~~additional adverse consequences related to~~ the ~~termination~~effect of ~~distributor~~reducing ~~and~~demand ~~dealer~~or ~~relationships.~~changing ~~Additionally,~~the ~~liquidating~~timing afor ~~former~~purchases ~~distributor or dealer’s inventory~~ of new and used Harley-Davidson motorcycles ~~can~~and ~~add~~parts ~~downward pressure on new~~ and ~~used motorcycle prices~~accessories. ~~Further,~~Fires ~~the unplanned loss of any of the Company’s distributors or dealers may lead to inadequate market coverage for retail sales of new motorcycles~~ and ~~for~~other ~~servicing~~natural ~~previously~~disasters ~~sold~~could ~~motorcycles,~~have ~~create~~similar negative ~~impressions of the Company with its retail customers and adversely impact the Company’s ability to collect wholesale receivables that are associated with that dealer~~impacts. ~~Finally,~~Reduced ~~the~~demand ~~Company~~for isnew ~~exposed~~Harley-Davidson ~~to credit risk in the event of a dealer failure or inability to redistribute~~ motorcycles ~~that~~ultimately ~~the~~leads ~~Company has repossessed from a closing dealer or that a closing dealer has surrendered~~ to ~~the~~reduced ~~Company~~shipments atby ~~invoice price through~~ the Company~~’s subsidiary HDFS~~.

•~~Weather~~The Company has substantial liabilities for employee pension and ~~weather-related~~healthcare ~~events~~benefits. ~~may~~The ~~impact~~Company’s ~~retail~~cash ~~sales~~funding byrequirements and its estimates of liabilities and expenses for pensions and healthcare benefits for both active and retired employees are based on several factors that are outside the Company'’s ~~dealers~~control. ~~The~~These ~~Company~~factors ~~has~~include ~~observed~~funding ~~that~~requirements ~~abnormally~~of ~~cold~~the Pension Protection Act of 2006, the rate used to discount the future estimated liabilities, the rate of return on plan assets, current and/ projected healthcare costs, healthcare reform or ~~wet~~legislation, ~~conditions~~retirement age and mortality. Changes in athese ~~region~~factors can impact the income, ~~including~~expense, ~~impacts~~liabilities ~~from~~and ~~hurricanes~~cash requirements associated with these benefits, which could have a material adverse effect on future results of operations, liquidity or ~~unusual~~shareholders’ equity.

storms, could have the effect of reducing demand or changing the timing for purchases of new and used Harley-Davidson motorcycles and parts and accessories. Fires and other natural disasters could have similar negative impacts. Reduced demand for new Harley-Davidson motorcycles ultimately leads to reduced shipments by the Company.

•The Company incurs substantial costs with respect to employee pension and healthcare benefits. The Company’s cash funding requirements and its estimates of liabilities and expenses for pensions and healthcare benefits for both active and retired employees are based on several factors that are outside the Company’s control. These factors include funding requirements of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, the rate used to discount the future estimated liabilities, the rate of return on plan assets, current and projected healthcare costs, healthcare reform or legislation, retirement age and mortality. Changes in these factors can impact the expense, liabilities and cash requirements associated with these benefits, which could have a material adverse effect on future results of operations, liquidity or shareholders’ equity. In addition, costs associated with these benefits may put the Company under significant cost pressure as compared to its competitors that may not bear the costs of similar benefit plans.

•The Company relies on third-parties to perform certain operating and administrative functions for the Company. Similar to suppliers of raw materials and components, the Company may experience problems with outsourced services, such as unfavorable pricing, untimely delivery of services or poor quality. Also, these suppliers may experience adverse economic conditions due to changing economic factors that could lead to difficulties supporting the Company's operations, such as inflation, turnover, and labor strikes or shortages. In light of the amount and types of functions that the Company has outsourced, these service provider risks may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations.

•The Company’s operations are dependent upon attracting and retaining skilled employees, including skilled labor, executive officers and other senior leaders. The Company’s future success depends on its continuing ability to: (i) identify, hire, develop, motivate, retain and promote skilled personnel for all areas of its organization, ~~and~~(ii) to effectively execute reorganization actions within expected costs and realize the expected benefits of those actions, and (iii) attract qualified and experienced independent directors for its Board of Directors. The Company is highly dependent on its senior management, including its new Chief Executive Officer, ~~Jochen~~Artie ~~Zeitz~~Starrs, ~~and~~ other key personnel. ~~The loss of key personnel, including Jochen Zeitz, could adversely affect the Company’s operations~~ and ~~profitability.~~its ~~Further,~~Board ~~the~~of Company’s current and future total compensation arrangements, which include benefits and incentive awards, may not be successful in attracting new employees and retaining and motivating the Company’s existing employeesDirectors. InA ~~addition,~~leadership ~~the~~transition ~~Company~~can ~~must~~increase ~~cultivate~~turnover ~~and sustain a work environment where employees are engaged and energized in their jobs to maximize their performance~~risks, ~~and~~including ~~the~~among ~~Company~~key ~~must effectively execute reorganization actions. If the Company does not succeed in attracting new~~ personnel, ~~retaining existing personnel, implementing effective succession plans~~ and ~~motivating~~result ~~and engaging personnel, including executive officers, the Company may be unable to develop and distribute products and services and effectively execute its plans and strategies.~~

•The use by our employees of artificial intelligence tools or technology can adversely impact our business by posing risks to Company confidential or proprietary information and could give rise to legal actions or reputational damage, or otherwise adversely affect our business. The Company’s workforce may use artificial intelligence tools or technology, which may result in the exposure of our confidential or proprietary information to unauthorized third-parties and the misuse of the Company’s intellectual property. Use of artificial intelligence tools or technology may also result in claims against the Company alleging violation of third-party intellectual property rights. Use of artificial intelligence tools or technology may also result in inaccurate results that could cause mistakes in the Company's decision-making or other business activities, which may have an adverse impact on the Company's business and results of operations. Further, there is no guarantee that the Company's training and enforcement of procedures governing the use of artificial intelligence will be adequate to safeguard against the unauthorized use of artificial intelligence tools or technology. 15

16in changes in the Company's business strategy, which may impact its business and financial performance. The loss of key personnel or independent directors could adversely affect the Company’s operations and profitability. Any perceived uncertainties regarding the Company's future direction and control, its ability to develop effective strategies and execute its business plans, or alterations to the composition of its Board of Directors or senior management team could create a perception of instability or a shift in business direction, affecting the Company's ability to attract or retain qualified personnel or independent directors. Further, the Company’s current and future total compensation arrangements, which include benefits and incentive awards, may not be successful in attracting new employees and retaining and motivating the Company’s existing employees. In addition, the Company must cultivate and sustain a work environment where employees are engaged and energized in their jobs to maximize their performance, and the Company must effectively execute reorganization actions. In late 2025, after five years of its corporate employees primarily working remotely, the Company announced that Milwaukee-based corporate employees would return to on-site work at specified Company facilities, including the Company's historic Juneau Avenue campus in Milwaukee. This transition back into the office may impact the Company's culture and workplace which could lead to attrition and difficulty attracting qualified personnel. If the Company does not succeed in attracting new personnel, retaining existing personnel, implementing effective succession plans, executing reorganization actions and motivating and engaging personnel, including executive officers, the Company may be unable to develop and distribute products and services and effectively execute its plans and strategies.

•Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may adversely impact our business: (i) by potentially posing risks to Company confidential or proprietary information; (ii) by potentially giving rise to legal actions or reputational damage; (iii) if employees misuse AI; or (iv) if the Company fails to timely and appropriately adopt AI to remain competitive. The Company’s workforce may use AI technology, such as generative AI, which may result in the exposure of our confidential or proprietary information to unauthorized third-parties and the misuse of the Company’s intellectual property. Use of AI technology may also result in claims against the Company alleging violation of third-party intellectual property rights. Use of AI technology may also result in inaccurate results and biases that could cause mistakes in the Company's decision-making or other business activities, which may have an adverse impact on the Company's business and results of operations. Further, there is no assurance that the Company's training and enforcement of procedures governing the use of AI will be adequate to safeguard against the unauthorized use of AI technology. Additionally, if the Company does not adopt AI in a timely or effective manner, it could incur additional costs or face competitive disadvantages which may adversely affect the Company's business and results of operations.

Strategic Risks

•The Company ~~may~~recently ~~not~~appointed bea ~~able~~new toChief ~~successfully~~Executive ~~execute~~Officer ~~its business plans~~ and ~~strategies. There~~ is nodeveloping ~~assurance~~a ~~that~~new ~~the~~strategic ~~Company~~plan, ~~will~~which becreates ~~able~~uncertainties tothat ~~execute~~may ~~its~~have ~~business~~a ~~plans~~material ~~and~~adverse ~~strategies,~~effect ~~including~~on the Company’'s ~~strategic~~business ~~plan,~~and ~~The~~results ~~Hardwire~~of operations. ~~The~~Artie ~~Company’s~~Starrs ~~ability~~assumed ~~to meet~~ the ~~strategic~~role ~~priorities~~of inChief ~~The~~Executive ~~Hardwire~~Officer ~~depends~~on ~~upon,~~October ~~among other factors~~1, ~~the~~2025. ~~Company’s~~Soon ~~ability~~after ~~to:~~his ~~(i) accurately analyze~~appointment, ~~predict~~he ~~and~~initiated ~~react~~a tocomprehensive ~~changing~~evaluation ~~market~~of ~~conditions;~~the ~~(ii)~~Company's ~~develop~~strategy and ~~introduce~~operations. ~~products,~~The ~~services~~Company ~~and~~expects ~~experiences~~the onstrategic aand ~~timely~~operational ~~basis~~evaluation ~~that~~activities ~~the~~to ~~market~~continue ~~accepts,~~in ~~that enable~~ the ~~Company~~coming months to ~~generate~~develop ~~desired~~a ~~sales~~new ~~levels~~strategic ~~and~~plan ~~that~~for ~~provide~~ the ~~desired~~Company. ~~financial~~To ~~returns,~~the ~~including~~extent ~~successfully~~the ~~implementing~~Company ~~and~~is ~~executing~~unable ~~plans~~ to ~~strengthen~~successfully ~~and grow its leadership position in Grand American Touring~~develop, ~~larger Cruiser~~implement, and ~~Trike,~~execute ~~focusing on opportunities in profitable segments, and growing~~ its ~~complementary~~strategic ~~businesses~~plan, ~~including~~or ~~HDFS,~~if ~~parts~~it ~~and~~experiences ~~accessories,~~delays ~~apparel~~in ~~and~~the ~~licensing~~development, ~~and~~implementation ~~membership~~or ~~and~~execution ~~experiences;~~of ~~(iii)~~the ~~effectively~~strategic ~~implement~~plan, ~~changes relating to its dealers and distribution methods; (iv) realize~~ the ~~anticipated~~Company’s business, ~~benefits~~financial ofcondition ~~LiveWire~~and asresults ~~a separate business; (v) realize the anticipated business benefits~~ of ~~partnerships,~~operation ~~licensees~~may ~~and~~be ~~business~~adversely ~~ventures;~~affected. ~~(vi)~~There ~~perform~~is inno aassurance ~~manner~~ that ~~enables~~ the Company towill ~~benefit~~be ~~from~~able ~~market~~to ~~opportunities~~develop, ~~while~~implement, ~~competing~~or ~~against~~execute ~~existing~~business ~~and~~plans ~~new~~or ~~competitors;~~strategies, ~~and~~or ~~(vii)~~that ~~optimize~~they ~~long-term~~will ~~value~~ultimately ~~for~~be ~~all~~profitable ~~stakeholders~~or successful.

•~~The~~International ~~Company~~sales ~~may~~and ~~not~~operations, ~~realize~~along ~~the~~with ~~expected~~being ~~business~~an ~~benefits~~iconic ~~from~~American ~~LiveWire~~company, assubject ~~a separate business of~~ the Company. ~~The Company expects~~ to ~~maintain~~risks athat ~~controlling~~may ~~equity~~have ~~ownership of LiveWire as~~ a ~~separate~~material ~~business~~adverse ~~and~~effect ~~significant~~on ~~ongoing~~its ~~commercial relationships with it~~business. ~~There~~International ~~are~~operations noand ~~assurances~~sales ~~that~~remain ~~LiveWire~~an asimportant apart ~~separate~~of ~~but~~the ~~consolidated~~Company’s business ~~will be able to execute its business~~ plans and strategies. ~~The~~Further, ~~Company’s~~international ~~ability~~operations toand ~~realize~~sales ~~the~~are ~~expected~~subject ~~business~~to ~~benefits~~various ~~from~~risks, ~~LiveWire~~including ~~will~~political beand ~~affected~~economic byinstability, ~~among~~local ~~other~~labor ~~factors:~~market ~~(i)~~conditions, the ~~status~~imposition of ~~LiveWire~~new asand anexisting ~~early~~foreign ~~stage~~tariffs ~~company~~(including ~~with~~rebalancing atariffs ~~history~~in ofresponse ~~losses that is expected~~ to ~~incur~~tariffs ~~significant~~the ~~expenses~~U.S. imposes) and ~~continuing~~other ~~losses~~trade ~~for~~barriers, ~~several~~the ~~years~~impact ~~until~~of itforeign ~~begins~~government ~~significant~~laws ~~deliveries~~and ~~of its electric vehicles~~regulations, ~~which~~U.S. ~~may~~laws ~~occur~~and ~~later~~regulations ~~than~~that ~~expected~~apply ~~or not at all; (ii) the ability of LiveWire~~ to ~~achieve~~international ~~profitability~~operations, ~~which is dependent on~~ the ~~successful~~effects ~~development and commercial introduction and acceptance~~ of ~~its~~income ~~electric vehicles,~~ and ~~its~~withholding ~~services~~taxes, ~~which~~governmental ~~may~~expropriation ~~not~~and ~~occur;~~differences ~~(iii)~~in ~~that~~business ~~LiveWire~~practices. ~~will~~The beCompany amay ~~new~~incur ~~entrant~~increased ~~into~~costs ~~a new space~~ and itexperience ~~may~~delays ~~not~~or bedisruptions ~~able~~in toproduct ~~adequately~~deliveries ~~control~~and ~~the~~payments ~~costs~~in ofconnection ~~its~~with international operations; ~~(iv)~~and ~~the~~sales ~~electric~~that ~~vehicle~~could ~~sector~~cause ~~and~~loss ~~products and services~~ of ~~LiveWire~~revenues ~~are~~ and ~~will~~earnings. beAdditionally, ~~subject~~the toCompany's ~~strong~~global ~~competition;~~manufacturing ~~(v)~~presence ~~the~~may ~~business~~negatively ~~and~~affect ~~prospects~~U.S. ofconsumer ~~LiveWire~~perspectives ~~are~~of ~~heavily dependent on~~ its ~~ability~~iconic toAmerican ~~develop,~~brand. ~~maintain~~This ~~and~~perception ~~strengthen~~could ~~its~~also ~~brand,~~influence ~~and~~non-U.S. itconsumer ~~may~~preferences. ~~lose~~As ~~the~~geopolitical ~~opportunity~~tensions tocontinue, ~~build~~nationalism amay ~~critical~~increase ~~mass~~globally, ofcausing ~~customers;~~consumers ~~(vi)~~in the ~~ability~~international ofmarket ~~LiveWire~~ to ~~execute~~refrain onfrom ~~its~~purchasing ~~plans~~the toCompany's ~~develop,~~products ~~produce,~~because ~~market~~the ~~and~~Company ~~sell~~is ~~its~~an ~~electric~~iconic ~~vehicles;~~American ~~and~~motorcycle ~~(vii)~~manufacturer ~~the willingness~~ and/or ~~ability~~U.S. ofconsumers ~~the~~to ~~retail~~refrain ~~partners of LiveWire, largely drawn~~ from purchasing the Company’'s ~~traditional~~products ~~motorcycle~~because ~~dealer~~of ~~network,~~its toglobal bemanufacturing ~~able~~locations, towhich ~~effectively~~could ~~establish~~result ~~and~~in ~~maintain~~reduced ~~relationships~~demand ~~with customers~~ for ~~electric~~the ~~vehicles.~~Company's ~~The~~products ~~failure~~and ~~of LiveWire to successfully manage these risks~~ may ~~adversely~~have ~~affect~~a ~~the~~material ~~business~~adverse ~~and~~effect ~~results~~on of the ~~Company’s operations.~~

•International sales and operations subject the Company to risks that may have a material adverse effect on its business. International operations and sales remain an important part of the Company’s strategy. Further, international operations and sales are subject to various risks, including political and economic instability, local labor market conditions, the imposition of new and existing foreign tariffs (including rebalancing tariffs in response to tariffs the U.S. imposes) and other trade barriers, the impact of foreign government laws and regulations and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to international operations, the effects of income and withholding taxes, governmental expropriation and differences in business practices. The Company may incur increased costs and experience delays or disruptions in product deliveries and payments in connection with international operations and sales that could cause loss of revenues and earnings. Unfavorable changes in the political, regulatory and business climate could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net sales, financial condition, profitability and cash flows. International sales require modification of products to meet local requirements or preferences, which may impact the Company's ability to achieve international sales growth. Business practices that may be accepted in other countries can violate U.S. or other laws that apply to the Company. Violations of laws that apply to the Company's foreign operations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and economic sanctions laws, could result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, could disrupt the Company's business and result in an adverse effect on the Company's reputation, business and results of operations. 16

~~•The~~ Company’'s ~~success~~business ~~depends~~and ~~upon~~results ~~the continued strength~~ of ~~the Harley-Davidson brand~~operations. ~~The~~Unfavorable ~~Company~~changes ~~believes~~in ~~that~~ the ~~Harley-Davidson~~political, ~~brand~~regulatory ~~has~~and ~~significantly~~business ~~contributed~~climate tocould ~~the~~have ~~success~~a ofmaterial ~~its~~adverse ~~business~~effect ~~and~~on ~~that~~the ~~maintaining~~Company’s ~~and~~net ~~enhancing~~sales, ~~the~~financial ~~brand~~condition, isprofitability ~~critical~~and tocash ~~maintaining~~flows. ~~and~~International ~~expanding~~sales ~~its~~require ~~customer~~modification ~~base.~~of ~~Failure~~products to ~~protect~~meet ~~the~~local ~~brand~~requirements ~~from infringers~~ or topreferences, ~~grow~~which ormay ~~maintain~~impact the ~~value~~Company's ofability ~~the~~to ~~Harley-Davidson~~achieve ~~brand~~international ~~may~~sales ~~have~~growth. aBusiness ~~material~~practices ~~adverse~~that ~~effect~~may onbe ~~the~~accepted ~~Company’s~~in ~~business~~other ~~and~~countries ~~results~~can ofviolate ~~operations~~U.S. ~~Further,~~or ~~third-parties~~other ~~with~~laws ~~whom~~that apply to the Company. ~~has~~Violations ~~business~~of ~~relationships~~laws or that ~~have,~~apply orto ~~are~~the ~~perceived~~Company's toforeign ~~have~~operations, ~~close~~such ~~ties~~as to the ~~brand,~~U.S. ~~including~~Foreign ~~its~~Corrupt ~~employees,~~Practices ~~dealers~~Act and economic sanctions laws, ~~brand~~could ~~ambassadors~~result ~~and~~in ~~influencer~~severe ~~network,~~criminal ~~may~~or ~~fail~~civil tosanctions, ~~represent~~could disrupt the ~~brand~~Company's business and result in aan ~~manner~~adverse ~~consistent~~effect ~~with~~on the Company’'s reputation, business and results of operations.

•The Company’s success depends upon the continued strength of the Harley-Davidson brand. The Company believes that the Harley-Davidson brand has significantly contributed to the success of its business and that maintaining and enhancing the brand is critical to maintaining and expanding its customer base. Geopolitical tensions that give rise to anti-U.S. sentiments or campaigns may cause consumers in non-U.S. markets to cancel, reduce or defer purchases from U.S.-based companies. As an American icon, the Company may be subjected to some or all of these actions, which may have a negative impact on the Company's business and results of operations. Additionally, failure to protect the brand from infringers or to grow or maintain the value of the Harley-Davidson brand may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. Further, third-parties with whom the Company has business relationships or that have, or are perceived to have, close ties to the brand, including its employees, dealers, brand ambassadors and influencer network, may fail to represent the brand in a manner consistent with the Company’s brand image or act in a manner that harms the Company’s reputation, which could cause immediate harm to the Company’s reputation and brand. The reputations of the Company’s employees, dealers, brand ambassadors and influencer network could negatively impact how consumers view the Company’s products or brand. The use of online media by the Company, its brand ambassadors, its influencer network, and its consumers has increased the risk that its brand and reputation could be negatively impacted. The speed and reach of information dissemination have drastically increased with the use of online media. The dissemination of information via online media has given users the ability to organize collective actions such as boycotts and other brand-damaging behaviors more effectively and could harm the Company’s brand or business, regardless of the information’s accuracy. The harm may be immediate, without affording the Company an opportunity for redress or correction, which may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, an increase in the use of online media for product promotion and marketing may increase the burden on the Company to monitor compliance of such materials and increase the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations. The Company's reputation may also be adversely affected by inappropriate use of its marks or name, including potential negative publicity, loss of confidence or other damage to the Company's image due to licensed use and/or unlicensed use. Additionally, third parties may challenge the Company's intellectual property or allege that the Company infringes or misappropriates intellectual property of the third parties. The Company may incur substantial costs to enforce or defend the Company's intellectual property or to defend the Company against allegations of infringement or misappropriation. If the outcome of any such enforcement or defense is unfavorable to the Company, its brand could be adversely affected.

•Activist shareholders or activist campaigns could cause the Company to incur substantial costs, hinder the development of the Company’s new strategic plan or have other adverse impacts on the Company. The Company may receive proposals from shareholders requesting certain corporate actions that may not align with the Company’s business strategies or the interests of the Company’s other shareholders. Additionally, the Company may be the target of activist campaigns aimed at pressuring the Company to take actions that do not align with the Company’s business strategies or the interests of the Company’s shareholders, which can be costly and time-consuming. These activities may disrupt the Company’s operations by diverting the Board's and management’s attention and resources, and may negatively impact the reputation of the Company, its operating results, or its ability to attract or retain investors, customers, and employees. For example, in April 2025, one of the Company’s largest shareholders at that time, H Partners, launched an activist campaign during the proxy season in which it expressed disagreement with certain actions by specific members of the Company's Board of Directors and senior management. Although the Company prevailed in the proxy contest, it required the Company to retain advisors, including legal, financial and public relations, at significant cost and required significant time and attention from the Board of Directors and management.

•The timing and amount of the Company's share repurchase strategy are subject to a number of uncertainties. The Company previously announced its plan to repurchase $1 billion of its common stock on a discretionary basis between the third quarter of 2024 and the end of 2026. The amount and timing of share repurchases are based on a variety of factors that could cause the Company to limit, suspend or delay future stock repurchases. Such factors

~~brand~~include ~~image~~but orare ~~act~~not inlimited ~~a manner that harms the Company’s reputation, which could cause immediate harm~~ to: ~~the~~(i) ~~Company’s~~unfavorable ~~reputation~~market and ~~brand.~~economic ~~The reputations of the Company’s employees~~conditions, ~~dealers,~~(ii) ~~brand ambassadors and influencer network could negatively impact how consumers view~~ the ~~Company’s~~trading ~~products~~price ~~or brand. The use~~ of ~~online media by the Company,~~ its ~~brand~~common ~~ambassadors~~stock, ~~its~~(iii) ~~influencer network, and its consumers has increased~~ the ~~risk~~nature ~~that its brand~~ and ~~reputation~~magnitude ~~could be negatively impacted. The speed and reach~~ of ~~information~~other ~~dissemination~~investment ~~have~~opportunities ~~drastically~~available ~~increased~~to ~~with~~ the ~~use~~Company offrom ~~online~~time ~~media. The dissemination of information via online media has given users the ability~~ to ~~organize~~time, ~~collective~~(iv) ~~actions~~legal ~~such~~constraints ason ~~boycotts~~trading ~~and~~at ~~other~~certain ~~brand-damaging~~times; ~~behaviors more effectively~~ and ~~could~~(v) ~~harm~~ the ~~Company’s~~availability ~~brand or business, regardless~~ of ~~the information’s accuracy~~cash. ~~The harm may be immediate~~Delaying, ~~without~~limiting ~~affording the Company an opportunity for redress~~ or ~~correction~~suspending ~~and may have an adverse effect on~~ the Company’'s ~~business,~~stock ~~financial~~repurchase ~~condition~~program ~~and results of operations. In addition, an increase in the use of online media for product promotion and marketing~~ may ~~increase~~negatively ~~the~~affect ~~burden~~performance onversus ~~the~~earnings ~~Company~~per toshare ~~monitor~~targets, ~~compliance of such materials~~ and ~~increase~~ultimately the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations. The Company's reputation may also be adversely affected by inappropriate use of its ~~marks~~stock ~~or name, including potential negative publicity, loss of confidence or other damage to the Company's image due to licensed use~~price.

•~~Activist~~The ~~shareholders~~LiveWire orsegment ~~activist~~is ~~campaigns~~an ~~could~~emerging ~~cause~~entrant in the ~~Company~~electric vehicle sector and may not be able to ~~incur~~adequately ~~substantial~~control the costs of its operations, ~~hinder~~generate ~~the~~sufficient ~~execution~~cash flows or obtain sufficient funding independent of the Company’s ~~strategy~~to orsustain ~~have~~its ~~other~~operations, ~~adverse~~and ~~impacts~~there onis ~~the~~no ~~Company~~assurance that LiveWire will be able to successfully manage these risks. The Company ~~may~~maintains ~~receive~~a ~~proposals~~controlling ~~from~~equity ~~shareholders~~ownership ~~requesting~~of ~~certain~~LiveWire ~~corporate~~as ~~actions~~a ~~that~~separate ~~may~~business ~~not~~and ~~align~~significant ongoing commercial relationships with ~~the~~it. There are no assurances that LiveWire will be able to execute its business plans and strategies. The Company’s ~~business~~ability ~~strategies~~to orrealize the ~~interests~~desired ofbusiness ~~the~~benefits ~~Company’s~~from LiveWire will be affected by, among other ~~shareholders~~factors: or(i) beLiveWire's expectation of significant expenses and continuing losses for several years until the ~~target~~demand ofexists ~~activist~~for ~~campaigns~~its ~~aimed~~electric vehicles resulting in significant sales, which may occur later than expected or not at ~~pressuring~~all; (ii) the ~~Company~~ability of LiveWire to ~~take~~obtain ~~actions~~sufficient ~~that~~funding dofrom ~~not~~sources ~~align~~other ~~with~~than the Company’s ~~business~~to ~~strategies~~sustain orits operations; (iii) the ~~interests~~ability of ~~the~~LiveWire ~~Company’s~~to ~~shareholders~~achieve profitability, which ~~can~~is bedependent ~~costly~~on the successful development and ~~time-consuming. These~~commercial ~~activities~~introduction and acceptance of its electric vehicles, and its services, which may ~~disrupt~~not occur; (iv) the ~~Company’s~~ability of LiveWire to adequately control the costs of its operations; by(v) ~~diverting~~competition ~~management’s~~in ~~attention~~the ~~and~~electric ~~resources~~vehicle ~~and~~sector, ~~requiring~~including the ~~Company~~products toand ~~retain~~services ~~advisors~~of LiveWire; (vi) LiveWire's dependency on ~~these~~its ~~matters,~~ability ~~including~~to ~~legal~~develop, ~~financial,~~maintain and ~~public~~strengthen ~~relations~~its brand, ~~and~~which may ~~negatively~~ impact ~~the~~its ~~reputation~~ability to build a critical mass of customers; (vii) the ~~Company~~ability of LiveWire to execute on its plans to develop, produce, market and sell its ~~operating~~electric ~~results~~vehicles; (viii) the willingness and ~~negatively~~ability ~~affect~~of LiveWire's retail partners, largely drawn from the Company’s traditional motorcycle dealer network, to be able to effectively establish and maintain relationships with retail customers for electric vehicles; and (ix) the ability of LiveWire to ~~attract~~adapt ~~new~~its ~~investors~~long-term strategy and product offerings to align with evolving customer preferences and broader electric vehicle trends, ~~customers~~including the slower than anticipated adoption of electric vehicles given a lack of government incentives, less favorable regulatory environment and ~~employees~~slower expansion of charging infrastructure. If LiveWire is unable to successfully manage these risks, it may adversely affect the business and results of the Company’s operations.

•The ~~timing and amount of the~~ Company's ~~share~~insurance ~~repurchase~~coverage strategy ~~are~~may ~~subject~~not be adequate to aprotect ~~number~~it offrom ~~uncertainties~~all business risks. The Company's ~~Board~~may ofbe ~~Directors~~subject, ~~has~~in ~~authorized~~ the ~~Company’s~~ordinary ~~discretionary~~course ~~repurchase~~ of ~~outstanding~~business, ~~common stock~~ to belosses ~~completed~~resulting infrom ~~the~~product ~~open~~liability ~~market~~ or ~~through~~other ~~privately~~litigation, ~~negotiated~~accidents, ~~transactions.~~cybersecurity ~~In July 2024~~incidents, ~~the~~acts ~~Company's Board~~ of ~~Directors~~God ~~authorized~~and ~~the~~other ~~Company~~claims toagainst ~~repurchase~~it, upfor towhich ~~24.4~~the ~~million~~Company ~~additional~~may ~~shares~~have ~~of its common stock on a discretionary basis with~~ no ~~dollar~~insurance ~~limit~~coverage or ~~expiration~~insufficient ~~date,~~insurance ~~and~~coverage. Additionally, the Company ~~announced~~may ~~plans~~be subject to ~~repurchase~~losses $1imputed ~~billion~~onto ~~of its common stock on a discretionary basis starting in~~ the ~~third~~Company ~~quarter~~because of ~~2024~~acts ~~through~~and ~~the~~inadequate ~~end~~insurance ofcoverage ~~2026. The amount~~ and/or ~~timing~~capitalization of ~~share~~suppliers ~~repurchases~~and ~~are~~providers. ~~based~~The ~~on a variety of factors that could cause the~~ Company's topolicies ~~limit,~~may ~~suspend or delay future stock repurchases. Such factors~~ include ~~but~~significant ~~are~~deductibles ~~not~~or ~~limited~~self-insured ~~to:~~retentions, ~~(i)~~policy ~~unfavorable~~limitations ~~market~~ and ~~economic~~exclusions. ~~conditions~~Therefore, ~~(ii)~~ the ~~trading~~Company ~~price~~cannot ofbe ~~its~~certain ~~common~~that ~~stock,~~its ~~(iii)~~insurance ~~the~~coverage ~~nature~~will ~~and~~be ~~magnitude~~sufficient ofto ~~other~~cover ~~investment~~all ~~opportunities~~future ~~available~~losses toor ~~the~~claims ~~Company~~against ~~from~~it. ~~time~~A toloss ~~time,~~that ~~(iv)~~is ~~legal~~uninsured ~~constraints~~or onthat ~~trading~~exceeds atpolicy ~~certain~~limits ~~times;~~may ~~and~~require ~~(v)~~ the ~~availability~~Company ofto ~~cash.~~pay ~~Delaying~~substantial amounts, ~~limiting~~which ormay ~~suspending~~harm the Company'’s ~~stock~~financial ~~repurchase~~condition ~~program may negatively affect performance versus earnings per share targets,~~ and ~~ultimately~~operating ~~its stock price~~results.

•The Company's ~~insurance~~may ~~coverage~~not ~~strategy~~realize ~~may~~the ~~not~~desired bebenefits ~~adequate~~from tothe ~~protect~~strategic ittransaction ~~from~~between ~~all~~HDFS ~~business~~and ~~risks.~~its ~~The~~strategic ~~Company~~partners, ~~may~~KKR beand ~~subject~~PIMCO. During 2025, inHDFS ~~the~~(i) ~~ordinary~~sold ~~course~~to KKR and PIMCO a collective 9.8% of ~~business~~its common equity interest, (ii) sold to ~~losses~~KKR ~~resulting~~and ~~from~~PIMCO ~~product~~the ~~liability~~majority of its existing gross consumer retail loan receivables, ~~accidents~~including those held in securitized trusts, ~~acts~~and (iii) began to sell up to two-thirds of ~~God~~HDFS’s ~~and~~on-going ~~other~~retail ~~claims~~loan ~~against~~originations. itHarley-Davidson Credit Corp., ~~for~~a ~~which~~subsidiary of HDFS, also completed the ~~Company~~sale ~~may~~of ~~have~~a noportion ~~insurance~~of ~~coverage~~HDCC’s orpromissory ~~insufficient~~notes ~~insurance~~and ~~coverage~~security agreements portfolio to KKR Morrow Trust and HDL Trust. ~~Its~~These ~~policies~~strategic transactions may ~~include~~involve significant ~~deductibles~~challenges orand ~~self-insured retentions~~risks, ~~policy~~including: ~~limitations~~(i) ~~and~~limiting ~~exclusions.~~HDFS’s ~~Therefore,~~ability ~~the~~to ~~Company~~enter ~~cannot~~into beother ~~certain~~strategic ~~that~~transactions, ~~its~~such ~~insurance~~as ~~coverage~~with ~~will~~another bethird-party ~~sufficient~~investor; (ii) adding complexities to ~~cover~~HDFS’s ~~all~~business ~~future~~operations; ~~losses~~(iii) orrequiring ~~claims~~significant ~~against~~attention ~~it.~~from AHDFS’s ~~loss~~management; ~~that~~and is(iv) ~~uninsured~~increasing governmental or ~~that~~regulatory ~~exceeds~~issues ~~policy~~for ~~limits~~HDFS ~~may~~and ~~require~~ the Company. There tois ~~pay~~no ~~substantial~~assurance ~~amounts,~~that ~~which~~the ~~may~~Company ~~harm~~will realize the ~~Company’s~~desired financial ~~condition~~or ~~and~~other ~~operating~~benefits ~~results~~from these strategic transactions, including those related to HDFS's capital structure.

Financial Risks

•The HDFS segment is exposed to credit risk on its retail and wholesale finance receivables. Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from a failure by a customer, including the Company's dealers, to meet the terms of any contract with HDFS. Wholesale and retail credit losses are influenced by general business and economic conditions, including inflation, unemployment rates, bankruptcy filings, recessionary conditions and other factors that negatively affect household incomes, as well as contract terms and customer credit profiles. These credit losses are also influenced by the markets for new and used motorcycles, and the Company and its dealers can and do take actions that impact those markets. For example, the introduction of new models by the Company that represent significant upgrades on previous models may result in increased supply or decreased demand in the market for used Harley-Davidson branded motorcycles, including those motorcycles that serve as collateral or security for credit that HDFS has

previous models may result in increased supply or decreased demand in the market for used Harley-Davidson branded motorcycles, including those motorcycles that serve as collateral or security for credit that HDFS has extended. This in turn could adversely impact the prices at which repossessed motorcycles may be sold, which may lead to increased credit ~~losses~~loss rates for HDFS. Further, even when HDFS does exercise its rights to seek repossession of collateral, there is no assurance that a motorcycle will be successfully repossessed, which also may lead to increased credit ~~losses~~loss rates for HDFS. Negative changes in general business, economic or market factors may have an additional adverse impact on the Company’s financial services credit losses and future earnings. HDFS's retail credit losses have changed, and the Company believes they will continue to change over time due to changing consumer credit behavior, macroeconomic conditions including the impact of inflation and HDFS's efforts to increase prudently structured loan approvals to sub-prime borrowers. In addition, HDFS's efforts to adjust underwriting criteria based on market and economic conditions and actions that the Company has taken and could take that impact motorcycle values may impact HDFS's retail credit losses.

•The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. The Company sells its products globally and in most markets outside the U.S. those sales are made in the foreign country’s local currency. As a result, a weakening in those foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar can adversely affect the Company's revenue and margin, and cause volatility in its results of operations. Furthermore, many competitors headquartered outside the U.S. experience a financial benefit from a strengthening in the U.S. dollar relative to their home currency that can enable them to reduce prices to U.S. consumers. The Company is also subject to risks associated with changes in prices of commodities. Earnings from the Company’s financial services business are affected by changes in interest rates. InWhen ~~certain~~benchmark ~~regions,~~interest ~~including~~rates ~~North~~are ~~America~~high ~~and~~when ~~Europe,~~compared ~~financing~~with ~~for new vehicle sales has been available in~~ the past ~~several~~periods ~~years~~of ~~at relatively~~ low ~~interest rates due to, among other things, expansive government monetary policies. When~~ benchmark interest rates ~~are high when compared with the recent past~~, rates available to consumers for new vehicle financing are high as well, which makes the Company’s motorcycles relatively less affordable to customers and can steer customers to less expensive motorcycles that would be less profitable for the Company, adversely affecting the Company’s financial condition and operating results. Additionally, if consumer interest rates increase substantially or if financial service providers, including Harley-Davidson Financial Services, tighten lending standards or restrict their lending to certain classes of credit, customers may not desire or be able to obtain financing to purchase the Company’s motorcycles. AsThe aeffects ~~result~~of inflation on the discretionary income of consumers, atogether with elevated interest rates relative to recent years, have adversely influenced both our dealers and consumers. This has resulted in reduced demand for our products. A further substantial increase in customer interest rates or tightening of lending standards could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Although the Company uses derivative financial instruments to some extent to manage a portion of its exposure to foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rate risks, the Company does not attempt to manage its entire expected exposure, and these derivative financial instruments generally do not extend beyond one year, except for the Company's cross-currency swaps related to foreign denominated debt, the duration of which corresponds with the duration of the hedged debt, and may expose the Company to credit risk in the event of counterparty default to the derivative financial instruments. There can be no assurance that in the future the Company will successfully manage these risks.

•The HDFS segment is ~~highly~~ dependent on accessing capital markets to fund operations at competitive interest rates, the Company’s access to capital and its cost of capital are highly dependent upon its credit ratings, and any negative credit rating actions may adversely affect its earnings and results of operations. Liquidity is essential to the Company’s financial services business. Disruptions in financial markets may cause lenders and institutional investors to reduce or cease to loan money to borrowers, including financial institutions. The Company’s HDFS segment may be negatively affected by difficulty in raising capital in the long-term and short-term capital markets. These negative consequences may in turn adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations in various ways, including through higher costs of capital and reduced funds available through its HDFS segment to provide loans to dealers and their retail customers. Additionally, the ability of the Company and its HDFS segment to access unsecured capital markets is influenced by their short-term and long-term credit ratings. If the Company’s credit ratings are downgraded or its ratings outlook is negatively changed, then the Company’s cost of borrowing could increase, which may result in reduced earnings and reduced interest margins, and the Company’s access to capital may be disrupted or impaired.

Legal, Regulatory & Compliance Risks

•~~Changes~~Geopolitical inconflicts ~~trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs, their enforcement~~ and ~~downstream~~tensions ~~consequences, may~~ have aimpacted ~~material adverse impact on~~ the ~~Company's~~global ~~business~~economy, ~~results~~leading ~~of operations and outlook. In January 2025, the global tariff landscape began~~ to ~~quickly change with~~ the ~~U.S.~~implementation ~~implementing~~of tariffs onand ~~various~~additional ~~foreign~~trade ~~countries,~~restrictions ~~either generally or with respect to certain products,~~ and ~~certain~~may ofsignificantly ~~those~~impact ~~foreign countries implementing rebalancing tariffs on~~ the ~~U.S.,~~Company's ~~either~~operations ~~generally~~and orfinancial ~~with respect to certain products~~performance. In ~~certain circumstances the U.S. and certain foreign countries temporarily suspended tariffs they had recently implemented, either in whole or in~~

January 2025, the global tariff landscape began to quickly change with the U.S. implementing tariffs on various foreign countries, either generally or with respect to certain products, and certain of those foreign countries implementing rebalancing tariffs on the U.S., either generally or with respect to certain products. In certain circumstances, the U.S. and certain foreign countries temporarily suspended tariffs they had recently implemented, either in whole or in part. The U.S. continues to implement new, reinstated or adjusted tariffs, and the Company expects that it will continue with this practice. Foreign countries subject to these U.S. tariffs continue to implement new, reinstated or adjusted rebalancing tariffs, and the Company expects that foreign countries will continue with that practice. The U.S. and foreign countries may also amend, suspend or withdraw their respective ~~recently enacted~~ tariffs at any time. IfNew ~~the~~or ~~recently~~increased ~~enacted~~ tariffs are ~~not~~expected ~~amended, suspended or withdrawn, it is likely~~ to negatively impact the Company’s ability to sell products domestically and internationally at or near current prices as tariffs impact the cost of raw materials, components and motorcycles.For example, onin ~~February 10~~2018, ~~2025,~~ the ~~U.S.~~United ~~announced~~States aimposed ~~25% tariff on steel and aluminum imported into the U.S.; these~~ tariffs ~~are set to take effect~~ on ~~March 12, 2025. These tariffs are similar to tariffs the U.S. implemented in 2018 on~~ steel and aluminum ~~imported~~imports ~~into the U.S.~~ from the EUEuropean Union. In response ~~to those 2018 steel and aluminum tariffs~~, the EU ~~implemented~~enacted incremental rebalancing tariffs of 25% on ~~certain~~selected ~~products~~goods imported into the EU ~~from the U.S.~~, including non-electric motorcycles. InBeginning in April 2021, ~~the~~these ~~EU’s~~tariffs ~~25%~~were ~~incremental~~applied ~~rebalancing tariff started~~ to ~~apply to~~ the Company’s motorcycles ~~imported~~manufactured ~~into the EU from its manufacturing facilities~~ in the U.S. and Thailand~~. On October 21~~, ~~2021,~~resulting ~~the~~in ~~U.S.~~a ~~and~~total EUduty ~~agreed to suspend these tariffs, with the EU suspension~~ of ~~its~~31% ~~incremental~~upon ~~tariffs~~importation ~~now set~~ to ~~expire on March 31, 2025. If~~ the EU ~~tariff suspension expires without changes, all of the Company’s motorcycles imported into the EU would be subject to a total 56% tariff~~. ~~Based~~The ~~in part on the history of the 2018 incremental rebalancing tariffs implemented by the~~ EU, ~~the~~suspended ~~Company expects foreign countries, including~~ the ~~EU,~~25% ~~to implement~~ rebalancing tariffs in ~~response~~October to2021 ~~the~~pending ~~steel~~ongoing ~~and~~negotiations ~~aluminum~~with ~~tariffs announced by~~ the U.S. ~~on February 10~~, 2025. As the rebalancing tariffs implemented by the EU in 2018 applied to the Company’s motorcycles, it is possible that rebalancing tariffs that may be implemented by the EU or other countries in response to the 2025 steel and ~~aluminum~~this ~~tariffs~~suspension ~~could~~was ~~apply~~further toextended ~~the~~for ~~Company’s~~six ~~motorcycles.~~months ~~It is also possible that the EU will reinstate the 2018 rebalancing tariffs when they are set to expire~~ on ~~March~~August 315, 2025~~, or sooner, subjecting the Company’s motorcycles imported into the EU to a 56% tariff~~. The ~~U.S.~~EU ~~tariffs~~continues ~~and rebalancing tariffs that were recently enacted or that may be enacted, in addition~~ to ~~impacting~~evaluate the ~~cost~~status of ~~motorcycles,~~this ~~could~~suspension ~~increase~~as ~~the~~trade ~~cost~~discussions ofwith ~~components and materials used to make~~ the ~~Company’s~~United ~~motorcycles~~States ~~and other products~~evolve. ~~Higher~~The ~~production costs could make the~~ Company’s ~~motorcycles~~is ~~and~~unable ~~other~~to ~~products~~predict ~~less~~the ~~affordable~~final ~~for~~outcome ~~consumers,~~of ~~both~~these indevelopments ~~the~~or ~~U.S.~~their ~~and~~potential inimpact ~~foreign~~on ~~countries,~~rebalancing ~~and~~or ~~negatively~~future ~~impact consumer demand~~tariffs.

These tariffs have impacted the cost of motorcycles and could increase the cost of components and materials used to make the Company’s motorcycles and other products. Higher production costs could make the Company’s motorcycles and other products less affordable for consumers, both in the U.S. and in foreign countries, and negatively impact consumer demand. The Company may not be able to mitigate the effects of these tariffs which could negatively impact the Company’s operations and financial performance.

•The Company must comply with governmental laws and regulations that are subject to change and involve significant costs. The Company’s sales and operations in areas outside the U.S. are subject to foreign laws, regulations and the legal systems of foreign courts or tribunals. These laws and policies governing operations of foreign-based companies may result in increased costs or restrictions on the ability of the Company to sell its products in certain countries. U.S. laws and policies affecting foreign trade and taxation may also adversely affect the Company's international sales operations.

The Company’s U.S. sales and operations are subject to governmental policies and regulatory actions of agencies of the United States Government, including the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), SEC, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Labor and Federal Trade Commission. In addition, the Company’s sales and operations are also subject to laws and actions of state legislatures and other local regulators, including dealer statutes and licensing laws. Changes in regulations, changes in interpretations of regulations by governmental agencies, or the imposition of additional regulations may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

Tax – The Company is subject to income and non-income based taxes in the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions and in various foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company's worldwide income tax liabilities and other tax liabilities. The Company believes that it complies with applicable tax laws. If the governing tax authorities have a different interpretation of the applicable laws or if there is a change in tax laws, the Company's financial condition and/or results of operations may be adversely affected. To the extent there are considerable changes to tax laws, the Company may need to readjust its tax strategy, and may not be able to take full advantage of, or fully mitigate the adverse impacts of, such changes.

Environmental – Many of the Company's products are subject to statutory and regulatory requirements governing emissions, noise and other matters, including standards imposed by the EPA, state regulatory agencies, such as the California Air Resources Board, and regulatory agencies in certain foreign countries where the Company’s motorcycle products are sold. The Company is also subject to statutory and regulatory requirements governing emissions and noise in the conduct of the Company’s manufacturing operations. Any significant change to the regulatory requirements governing emissions and noise may substantially increase the cost of manufacturing the Company’s products. If the Company fails to meet existing or new requirements, then the Company may be unable to produce and sell certain products or may be subject to fines or penalties.

Electric Vehicles - The Company's LiveWire segment is subject to substantial regulation. Unfavorable changes to, or failure to comply with, current or future regulations could substantially harm the Company’s business and its operating results. Increased environmental, safety, emissions or other regulations may result in higher costs, cash

~~products~~expenditures and/or sales restrictions. IfRegulations related to the electric vehicle industry and alternative energy are currently evolving and the Company’s ~~fails~~LiveWire segment faces risks associated with changes to ~~meet~~these ~~existing~~regulations, such as: (i) the imposition of a carbon tax or the introduction of a cap-and-trade system on electric utilities, either of which could increase the cost of electricity and thereby the cost of operating an electric vehicle; (ii) new ~~requirements~~state regulations of electric vehicles fees could discourage consumer demand for electric vehicles; (iii) the increase of subsidies for alternative fuels such as corn and ethanol could reduce the operating cost of vehicles that use such alternative fuels and gasoline, ~~then~~and thereby reduce the ~~Company~~appeal ~~may~~of beelectric ~~unable~~vehicles; (iv) revocation of or discontinuation of or lack of federal and/or state incentives or subsidies for the manufacture, sale or purchase of electric vehicles which could reduce the appeal of electric vehicles; (v) changes to ~~produce~~the regulations governing the sourcing, assembly, transportation, and ~~sell~~labeling ~~certain~~of ~~products~~battery cells (such as the Batteries Regulation in the EU and related secondary legislation) could increase the cost of battery cells or ~~may~~make such commodities more difficult to obtain; (vi) changes in regulation, for example relating to the noise required to be ~~subject~~emitted by electric vehicles, may impact the design or function of electric vehicles, and thereby lead to ~~fines~~decreased consumer appeal; (vii) changes in regulations governing the range and miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent calculations could lower LiveWire’s electric vehicles’ ratings, making electric vehicles less appealing to consumers; and (viii) the amendment or ~~penalties~~rescission of the CAFE standards could reduce new business opportunities for the LiveWire business. To the extent compliance with new regulations is cost prohibitive, the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

~~Electric~~Financial ~~Vehicles~~Services -– The ~~Company's~~HDFS ~~LiveWire~~ segment is ~~subject~~governed toby ~~substantial~~a ~~regulation.~~wide ~~Unfavorable~~range ~~changes~~of ~~to,~~U.S. orfederal ~~failure~~and tostate ~~comply~~and ~~with,~~foreign ~~current~~laws orthat ~~future~~regulate ~~regulations~~financial ~~could substantially harm the Company’s business~~ and ~~its~~lending ~~operating results. Increased environmental~~institutions, ~~safety, emissions or other regulations may result in higher costs, cash expenditures~~ and~~/or~~ ~~sales~~financial ~~restrictions~~services activities. ~~Regulations~~In ~~related to~~ the ~~electric~~U.S. ~~vehicle~~for ~~industry~~example, ~~and~~these ~~alternative~~laws ~~energy~~include ~~are currently evolving and~~ the ~~Company’s~~federal ~~LiveWire~~Truth-in-Lending ~~segment~~Act, ~~faces~~Equal ~~risks~~Credit ~~associated~~Opportunity ~~with~~Act, ~~changes~~Fair toCredit ~~these~~Reporting ~~regulations~~Act, ~~such as: (i)~~ the ~~imposition~~Servicemembers ofCivil aRelief ~~carbon~~Act, ~~tax or~~ the ~~introduction of a cap-and-trade system on electric utilities~~unfair, ~~either~~deceptive ~~of which could increase the cost of electricity~~ and ~~thereby~~abusive ~~the~~practices ~~cost of operating an electric vehicle;~~ (iiUDAAP) ~~new~~provisions ~~state regulations~~ of ~~electric vehicles fees could discourage consumer demand for electric vehicles; (iii)~~ the ~~increase~~Dodd-Frank ofWall ~~subsidies~~Street ~~for~~Reform ~~alternative fuels such as corn~~ and ~~ethanol~~Consumer ~~could~~Protection ~~reduce the operating cost of vehicles that use such alternative fuels and gasoline~~Act, and ~~thereby reduce~~ the ~~appeal~~consumer ofdata ~~electric~~privacy ~~vehicles; (iv) revocation of or discontinuation of federal~~ and~~/or~~ ~~state~~security ~~incentives~~provisions ~~or subsidies for the manufacture, sale or purchase~~ of ~~electric vehicles which could reduce~~ the ~~appeal~~Gramm-Leach ofBliley ~~electric~~Act. ~~vehicles;~~HDFS ~~(v)~~operations ~~changes~~originate to the ~~regulations~~majority ~~governing the assembly and transportation~~ of ~~battery~~its ~~cells~~consumer ~~could~~loans ~~increase~~through ~~the~~its ~~cost~~subsidiary, ofEaglemark ~~battery~~Savings ~~cells~~Bank, ora ~~make~~Nevada ~~such~~state ~~commodities~~thrift ~~more~~chartered ~~difficult~~as toan ~~obtain;~~Industrial ~~(vi)~~Loan ~~changes~~Company. inU.S. ~~regulation,~~federal ~~for~~and ~~example~~state ~~relating~~bodies ~~to the noise required to be emitted by electric vehicles,~~ may ~~impact~~in the ~~design~~future orimpose ~~function~~additional ~~of electric vehicles~~laws, ~~and thereby lead to decreased consumer appeal; (vii) changes in~~ regulations ~~governing the range~~ and ~~miles~~supervision ~~per~~over ~~gallon~~the offinancial ~~gasoline~~services ~~equivalent calculations could lower LiveWire’s electric vehicles’ ratings~~industry, ~~making electric vehicles less appealing to consumers;~~ and ~~(viii)~~priorities ~~the amendment or rescission~~ of ~~the~~federal CAFE standards could reduce new business opportunities for the LiveWire business. To the extent compliance with new regulations is cost prohibitive, the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and ~~operating~~state ~~results~~regulators ~~could~~can be ~~materially~~subject ~~and~~to ~~adversely affected~~change.

~~Financial~~Violations ~~Services~~of, –or ~~The~~non-compliance ~~HDFS~~with, ~~segment~~relevant islaws ~~governed~~and byregulations amay ~~wide~~limit ~~range~~the ability of ~~U.S.~~HDFS ~~federal~~to ~~and~~collect ~~state~~all ~~and~~or ~~foreign~~part ~~laws~~of ~~that~~the ~~regulate~~principal ~~financial~~or ~~and~~interest ~~lending~~on ~~institutions~~applicable loans, ~~and~~may ~~financial~~entitle ~~services~~the ~~activities.~~borrower Into rescind the ~~U.S.~~loan ~~for~~or ~~example,~~obtain ~~these~~a ~~laws~~refund ~~include~~of ~~the~~amounts ~~federal~~previously ~~Truth-in-Lending Act~~paid, ~~Equal~~could ~~Credit~~subject ~~Opportunity~~HDFS ~~Act,~~to ~~Fair~~payment ~~Credit~~of ~~Reporting Act~~damages, ~~the~~civil ~~Servicemembers~~fines, ~~Civil~~or ~~Relief~~criminal ~~Act,~~penalties ~~the~~and ~~unfair,~~administrative ~~deceptive~~sanctions and ~~abusive~~could ~~practices~~limit ~~(UDAAP)~~the ~~provisions~~number of ~~the~~loans ~~Dodd-Frank~~eligible ~~Wall~~for ~~Street~~HDFS ~~Reform~~securitization ~~and~~programs ~~Consumer~~or ~~Protection~~that ~~Act,~~may ~~and~~be ~~the~~available ~~consumer~~to ~~data~~sell ~~privacy~~to ~~and~~its ~~security~~strategic ~~provisions~~partners. ofSuch ~~the~~regulatory ~~Gramm-Leach~~requirements ~~Bliley~~and ~~Act.~~associated ~~HDFS~~supervision ~~operations~~also ~~originate~~could limit the ~~majority~~discretion of HDFS in operating its ~~consumer~~business, ~~loans~~such as through ~~its~~the ~~subsidiary,~~suspension ~~Eaglemark~~or ~~Savings~~revocation ~~Bank~~of any charter, alicense ~~Nevada~~or ~~state~~registration ~~thrift~~at ~~chartered~~issue, as anwell ~~Industrial~~as ~~Loan~~the ~~Company.~~imposition Uof administrative sanctions, including "cease and desist" orders.S. ~~federal~~The Company cannot assure that the applicable laws or regulations will not be amended or construed in ways that are adverse to HDFS, that new laws and ~~state~~regulations ~~bodies~~will ~~may~~not be adopted in the future, ~~impose~~or ~~additional~~that laws, and regulations ~~and~~will ~~supervision~~not ~~over~~attempt to limit the ~~financial~~interest ~~services~~rates ~~industry.~~or convenience fees charged by HDFS, any of which may adversely affect the business of HDFS or its results of operations.

~~Violations~~The ~~of,~~Dodd-Frank orWall ~~non~~Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-~~compliance~~Frank ~~with,~~Act) ~~relevant~~is ~~laws~~a ~~and~~sweeping ~~regulations~~piece ~~may~~of ~~limit~~legislation impacting financial services and the ~~ability~~full ofeffect ~~HDFS~~continues to ~~collect~~evolve ~~all~~as orregulations ~~part~~that are intended to implement the Dodd-Frank Act are adopted, and the text of the ~~principal~~Dodd-Frank orAct ~~interest~~is onanalyzed ~~applicable~~by ~~loans,~~stakeholders ~~may~~and ~~entitle~~the courts. The Dodd-Frank Act also created the ~~borrower~~Consumer toFinancial ~~rescind~~Protection Bureau (the ~~loan~~Bureau). orThe ~~obtain~~Bureau ahas ~~refund~~significant enforcement and rule-making authority in the area of ~~amounts~~consumer ~~previously~~financial ~~paid,~~products ~~could~~and ~~subject~~services. ~~HDFS~~The todirection ~~payment~~that ofthe ~~damages~~Bureau will take, ~~civil~~the ~~fines~~regulations it will adopt, orand ~~criminal~~its ~~penalties~~interpretation of existing laws and ~~administrative~~regulations ~~sanctions~~are all elements that are not yet fully known and ~~could~~subject ~~limit~~to change. Given the ~~number~~fact that a single director leads the Bureau, and the director is subject to at-will removal by the President, the strategic direction and priorities of ~~loans~~the ~~eligible~~Bureau ~~for~~can ~~HDFS~~be ~~securitization~~subject ~~programs.~~to ~~Such~~volatile ~~regulatory~~swings ~~requirements~~upon changes in presidential administrations. The Bureau and ~~associated~~the ~~supervision~~Federal ~~also~~Trade ~~could~~Commission ~~limit~~(“FTC”) regularly investigate the ~~discretion~~products, services and operations of ~~HDFS~~those engaged in ~~operating~~vehicle ~~its~~finance ~~business,~~activities. As a result of such asinvestigations, ~~through~~both the ~~suspension~~Bureau orand ~~revocation~~the ofFTC ~~any~~have ~~charter,~~announced ~~license~~various orenforcement ~~registration~~actions atagainst ~~issue,~~lenders asand ~~well~~servicers asin the ~~imposition~~past offew ~~administrative~~years ~~sanctions~~involving significant penalties, ~~including~~consent "orders, cease and desist" orders. ~~The~~and ~~Company~~similar ~~cannot~~remedies ~~assure~~ that, ~~the~~if applicable ~~laws~~to the Company or ~~regulations~~the ~~will~~products ~~not~~and beservices ~~amended~~the Company offers, may require the Company to cease or ~~construed~~alter incertain ~~ways~~business ~~that~~practices, ~~are~~which could have a material adverse toeffect ~~HDFS,~~on ~~that~~the ~~new~~Company's ~~laws~~results of operations, financial condition, and ~~regulations~~liquidity. ~~will~~Compliance ~~not~~may be ~~adopted~~costly inand could affect operating results as the ~~future~~implementation of new forms, orprocesses, ~~that~~procedures ~~laws~~and controls and ~~regulations~~infrastructure ~~will~~may ~~not~~be ~~attempt~~required. toCompliance ~~limit~~may ~~the~~create ~~interest~~operational ~~rates~~constraints orand ~~convenience~~place ~~fees~~limits ~~charged~~on bypricing. ~~HDFS~~Failure to comply, ~~any~~as ofwell ~~which~~as ~~may~~changes ~~adversely~~to ~~affect~~laws and regulations, or the ~~business~~imposition of ~~HDFS~~additional orlaws ~~its~~and ~~results~~regulations, ofcould ~~operations.~~affect HDFS's

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) is a sweeping piece of legislation impacting financial services and the full effect continues to evolve as regulations that are intended to implement the Dodd-Frank Act are adopted, and the text of the Dodd-Frank Act is analyzed by stakeholders and the courts. The Dodd-Frank Act also created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the Bureau). The Bureau has significant enforcement and rule-making authority in the area of consumer financial products and services. The direction that the Bureau will take, the regulations it will adopt, and its interpretation of existing laws and regulations are all elements that are not yet fully known and subject to change. Given the fact that a single director leads the Bureau, and the director is subject to at-will removal by the President, the strategic direction and priorities of the Bureau can be subject to volatile swings upon changes in presidential administrations. The Bureau and the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) regularly investigate the products, services and operations of those engaged in vehicle finance activities. As a result of such investigations, both the Bureau and the FTC have announced various enforcement actions against lenders and servicers in the past few years involving significant penalties, consent orders, cease and desist orders and similar remedies that, if applicable to us or the products and services we offer, may require us to cease or alter certain business practices, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Compliance may be costly and could affect operating results as the implementation of new forms, processes, procedures and controls and infrastructure may be required. Compliance may create

~~operational constraints and place limits on pricing. Failure to comply, as well as changes to laws and regulations, or the imposition of additional laws and regulations, could affect HDFS'~~ earnings, limit its access to capital, limit the number of loans eligible for HDFS securitization programs or sale to its strategic partners and have a material adverse effect on HDFS’ business and results of operations. The Bureau also has supervisory authority over certain non-bank larger participants in the vehicle financing market, which includes a non-bank subsidiary of HDFS, allowing the Bureau to conduct comprehensive and rigorous on-site examinations that could result in enforcement actions, fines, changes to processes and procedures, product-related changes or consumer refunds or other actions.

•~~The~~Regulations ~~Company’s operations may be affected by greenhouse gas emissions and climate change and~~ related ~~regulations.~~to ~~Climate~~materials ~~change~~that isthe ~~receiving~~Company ~~increasing~~purchases ~~attention worldwide. Many scientists, legislators and others attribute climate change~~ to ~~increased~~use ~~levels~~in ofits ~~greenhouse~~products ~~gases,~~could ~~including~~cause ~~carbon~~the ~~dioxide,~~Company ~~which has led~~ to ~~significant~~incur ~~legislative~~additional expenses and ~~regulatory~~may ~~efforts~~have toother ~~limit~~adverse ~~greenhouse gas emissions~~consequences. ~~The~~Laws ~~U.S.~~or ~~Congress~~regulations ~~has~~impacting ~~previously considered and may in~~ the ~~future~~Company's ~~implement~~supply ~~restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions. In addition~~chain, ~~several~~such ~~U.S.~~as ~~states, including states where~~ the ~~Company~~UK ~~has~~Modern ~~manufacturing~~Slavery ~~facilities,~~Act ~~have previously considered~~ and ~~may in~~ the ~~future~~Uyghur ~~implement~~Forced ~~greenhouse~~Labor ~~gas~~Prevention ~~registration~~Act, ~~and~~could ~~reduction~~affect ~~programs.~~the ~~Energy~~sourcing ~~security~~ and availability ~~and~~of ~~its~~some ~~related costs affect all aspects~~ of the ~~Company’s~~raw ~~manufacturing~~materials ~~operations~~that ~~worldwide, including~~ the Company’s ~~supply~~uses ~~chain.~~in ~~The~~the ~~Company’s~~ manufacturing ~~facilities~~of ~~use~~its ~~energy,~~products ~~including electricity~~ and ~~natural~~the ~~gas,~~apparel and ~~certain~~licensing ofproducts ~~the~~sourced ~~Company’s~~from ~~facilities~~its ~~emit amounts of greenhouse gas that may be affected by these legislative and regulatory efforts~~suppliers. ~~Greenhouse~~The ~~gas~~Company's ~~regulation~~supply ~~could~~chain ~~increase~~is ~~the price of the electricity the Company purchases~~complex, ~~increase~~and ~~costs~~if ~~for~~it ~~use~~is ofnot ~~natural~~able ~~gas,~~to ~~potentially~~fully ~~restrict~~understand ~~access~~its tosupply orchain ~~the~~and ~~use~~effectively ofmitigate ~~natural~~any ~~gas~~issues, ~~require~~then the Company tomay ~~purchase~~face ~~allowances~~reputational tochallenges ~~offset~~with ~~the~~customers, ~~Company’s~~investors, ~~own~~regulators ~~emissions~~ or ~~result~~others inand another ~~overall~~adverse ~~increase~~consequences. inFor ~~costs of raw materials~~example, ~~any~~many ~~one~~countries ofin which ~~could increase~~ the Company’s ~~costs,~~distributes ~~reduce~~its ~~competitiveness~~products inare aintroducing ~~global~~regulations ~~economy~~that orrequire ~~otherwise~~knowledge ~~negatively~~and ~~affect~~disclosure ~~the~~of ~~Company’s~~virtually ~~business,~~all ~~operations~~materials orand ~~financial~~chemicals ~~results.~~in ~~Many of~~ the Company’s ~~suppliers face similar circumstances~~products. ~~Physical~~Accordingly, ~~risks to~~ the Company’s ~~business~~could ~~operations~~incur assignificant ~~identified~~costs byrelated ~~the~~to ~~Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and other expert bodies include scenarios such as sea level rise, extreme weather conditions and resource shortages. Extreme weather may disrupt~~ the ~~production~~process ~~and supply~~ of ~~component~~complying ~~parts~~with orthese ~~other items such as natural gas~~laws, aincluding ~~fuel~~potential ~~necessary~~difficulty ~~for~~or ~~the~~added ~~manufacture~~costs ofin ~~motorcycles~~satisfying ~~and their components. Supply disruptions would raise market rates and jeopardize~~ the ~~continuity~~disclosure ~~of motorcycle production~~requirements.

~~Further~~•The Company is subject to anti-corruption, inanti-bribery, ~~response~~anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws, and noncompliance with such laws can subject the Company to ~~concerns~~administrative, ~~about~~civil ~~global~~and ~~climate~~criminal ~~changes~~fines and ~~related~~penalties, ~~changes~~collateral inconsequences, ~~consumer~~remedial ~~preferences~~measures and legal expenses, all of which could adversely affect the Company’s isbusiness, ~~likely~~results toof ~~face~~operations, ~~greater~~financial ~~regulatory~~condition ~~pressure~~and reputation. The Company is subject to ~~develop~~anti-corruption, ~~products~~anti-bribery, ~~that~~anti-money ~~generate~~laundering ~~less~~and ~~emissions~~similar laws and toregulations ~~generate~~in ~~less~~various ~~emissions~~jurisdictions in ~~all~~which ~~phases~~it ofconducts ~~its~~or ~~operations~~in the future may conduct activities, including the U.S. ~~For~~Foreign ~~example~~Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), ~~both~~the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (the U.K. Bribery Act), and other anti-corruption laws and regulations. Due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the U.S., in coordination with the United Kingdom and the European Union, among others, has implemented sanctions and export control measures targeting Russia, Belarus, and Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine (~~UK)~~Crimea, the so-called Donetsk People's Republic, and EULuhansk ~~passed~~People's ~~legislation~~Republic). inThese ~~2022~~measures include prohibitions on the export, re-export, or transfer of luxury goods, among other products, to ~~end~~Russia ~~fossil~~and ~~fuel~~Belarus, ~~car~~including ~~sales~~motorcycles, inmotorcycle ~~2035~~parts and ~~2040~~accessories, ~~respectively~~and leather goods. ~~While~~A violation of these laws ~~target~~or ~~fossil~~regulations ~~fuel~~could ~~cars,~~adversely ~~the~~affect ~~ongoing~~our ~~concerns~~business, ~~about~~results ~~global~~of ~~climate~~operations, financial condition and ~~related~~reputation. ~~changes~~The inCompany’s ~~consumer~~policies ~~preferences~~and ~~could~~procedures ~~lead~~designed to aensure ~~similar~~compliance ~~ban~~with onthese ~~internal~~regulations ~~combustion~~may ~~engines~~not be sufficient and its directors, ~~which~~officers, ~~would~~employees, ~~have~~representatives, aconsultants, ~~material~~agents, ~~adverse~~and ~~effect~~business onpartners could engage in improper conduct for which the Company may be held responsible.The Company’s business also must be conducted in compliance with applicable economic and ~~results~~trade ofsanctions ~~operations~~laws and regulations, such as those administered and enforced by the U.S. ~~Additionally~~Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, inthe U.S. Department of State, the ~~near~~U.S. ~~term~~Department of Commerce, the ~~Company~~United ~~will~~Nations ~~not~~Security beCouncil ~~primarily~~and ~~focused~~other onrelevant ~~electric~~sanctions ~~vehicles~~authorities. ~~but~~The ~~will~~Company’s beglobal ~~channeling~~operations ~~its~~expose ~~focus~~the inCompany ~~this~~to ~~area~~the ~~through~~risk ~~its~~of ~~majority~~violating, ~~investment~~or inbeing ~~LiveWire~~accused ~~Group~~of violating, ~~Inc~~anti-corruption laws and economic and trade sanctions laws and regulations. AsThe aCompany’s ~~result~~failure to comply with these laws and regulations may expose it to reputational harm as well as significant penalties, ~~the~~including ~~separation~~criminal fines, imprisonment, civil fines, disgorgement of profits, injunctions and debarment from government contracts, as well as other remedial measures. Investigations of alleged violations can be expensive and disruptive. Despite the ~~LiveWire~~Company’s ~~business~~compliance efforts and activities, it cannot assure compliance by its employees or representatives for which it may be held responsible, and any such violation could materially adversely affect the Company'’s ~~efforts~~reputation, tobusiness, ~~develop~~prospects, ~~electric~~financial ~~vehicles~~condition ~~outside~~and ofoperating ~~the~~results.Non-compliance ~~LiveWire~~with ~~business~~anti-corruption, atanti-bribery, ~~least~~anti-money inlaundering or financial and economic sanctions laws could subject the ~~near~~Company ~~term~~to whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations and ~~that~~severe administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could ~~have~~materially ~~longer-term~~and ~~negative~~adversely ~~impacts~~affect onour ~~the~~business, ~~Company's~~prospects, ~~ability~~financial tocondition ~~offer~~and ~~electric~~operating ~~vehicles~~results. In addition, changes in ~~response~~economic tosanctions ~~pressure~~laws toin ~~develop~~the ~~products~~future ~~that~~could ~~generate~~adversely ~~less~~impact ~~emissions~~the Company’s business and investments in its common stock.

In•The ~~addition,~~Company’s ~~expanding~~operations ~~mandatory~~may ~~disclosures~~be ~~regarding~~affected ~~environmental~~by ~~reporting~~greenhouse ~~may~~gas ~~expand~~emissions ~~the nature, scope~~ and ~~complexity~~climate ofchange ~~environmental matters the Company is required to control, assess~~ and ~~report~~related ~~upon~~regulations. ~~For~~There ~~example,~~are ~~the~~significant ~~EU's~~legislative ~~Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) went into effect in January 2023~~ and ~~requires~~regulatory ~~companies~~efforts ~~that operate in the EU~~ to ~~make~~limit ~~disclosures~~greenhouse ~~across~~gas ~~environmental,~~emissions. ~~social~~The ~~and governance topics, and the Company will file its first CSRD annual report in 2026~~U.S. ~~Additionally,~~Congress inhas ~~October~~previously ~~2023,~~considered ~~California~~and ~~enacted~~may ~~climate reporting legislation, making California the first state~~ in the ~~U.S.~~future toimplement ~~impose~~restrictions ~~requirements~~ on greenhouse gas emissions. ~~disclosure~~In ~~and~~addition, ~~mandate~~several ~~reporting on climate-related financial risks~~U.S. ~~There~~states, ~~can~~including bestates nowhere ~~certainty that~~ the Company ~~will~~has ~~manage~~manufacturing ~~such issues successfully~~facilities, ~~including~~have ~~the~~previously ~~associated costs.~~

•Regulations related to materials that the Company purchases to use in its products could cause the Company to incur additional expenses and may have other adverse consequences. Laws or regulations impacting the Company's supply chain, such as the UK Modern Slavery Act and the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, could affect the sourcing and availability of some of the raw materials that the Company uses in the manufacturing of its products and the apparel and licensing products sourced from its suppliers. The Company's supply chain is complex, and if it is not able to fully understand its supply chain and effectively mitigate any issues, then the Company may face reputational challenges with customers, investors, regulators or others and other adverse consequences. For example, many countries in which the Company distributes its products are introducing regulations that require knowledge and disclosure of virtually all materials and chemicals in the Company’s products. Accordingly, the

considered and may in the future implement greenhouse gas registration and reduction programs. Energy security and availability and its related costs affect all aspects of the Company’s manufacturing operations worldwide, including the Company’s supply chain and contract manufacturers. The Company’s manufacturing facilities use energy, including electricity and natural gas, and certain of the Company’s facilities emit amounts of greenhouse gas that may be affected by these legislative and regulatory efforts. Greenhouse gas regulation could ~~incur~~increase ~~significant~~the price of the electricity the Company purchases, increase costs ~~related~~for use of natural gas, potentially restrict access to or the ~~process~~use of ~~complying~~natural ~~with~~gas, ~~these~~require ~~laws,~~the ~~including~~Company ~~potential~~to ~~difficulty~~purchase allowances to offset the Company’s own emissions or ~~added~~result in an overall increase in costs of raw materials, any one of which could increase the Company’s costs, reduce competitiveness in ~~satisfying~~a global economy or otherwise negatively affect the ~~disclosure~~Company’s ~~requirements~~business, operations or financial results. Many of the Company’s suppliers face similar circumstances. Physical risks to the Company’s business operations as identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and other expert bodies include scenarios such as sea level rise, extreme weather conditions and resource shortages. Extreme weather may disrupt the production and supply of component parts or other items, such as natural gas, a fuel necessary for the manufacture of motorcycles and their components. Supply disruptions would raise market rates and jeopardize the continuity of motorcycle production.

~~•The Company is subject to anti-corruption~~Further, ~~anti-bribery,~~in ~~anti-money~~response ~~laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws, and noncompliance with such laws can subject the Company~~ to ~~administrative,~~concerns ~~civil~~about ~~and~~global ~~criminal~~climate ~~fines~~changes and ~~penalties,~~related ~~collateral~~changes ~~consequences,~~in ~~remedial~~consumer ~~measures and legal expenses~~preferences, ~~all of which could adversely affect~~ the Company’s ~~business,~~is ~~results~~likely ofto ~~operations,~~face ~~financial~~greater ~~condition~~regulatory ~~and~~pressure ~~reputation. The Company is subject~~ to ~~anti-corruption,~~develop ~~anti-bribery,~~products ~~anti-money~~that ~~laundering~~generate ~~and~~less ~~similar~~emissions ~~laws~~ and ~~regulations~~to ingenerate ~~various~~less ~~jurisdictions~~emissions in ~~which~~all itphases ~~conducts~~of orits inoperations. ~~the~~For ~~future may conduct activities~~example, ~~including~~both the ~~U.S.~~United ~~Foreign~~Kingdom ~~Corrupt Practices Act~~ (~~“FCPA”~~UK), ~~the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (the “U.K. Bribery Act”),~~ and ~~other~~EU ~~anti-corruption~~passed ~~laws~~legislation ~~and~~in ~~regulations. Due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine~~2022, ~~the~~which ~~U.S.,~~each insubsequently ~~coordination with the United Kingdom and the European Union~~revised, ~~among~~to ~~others,~~end ~~has~~new ~~implemented~~fossil ~~sanctions~~fuel ~~and~~car ~~export~~sales ~~control~~by ~~measures~~100% ~~targeting~~by ~~Russia,~~2035 ~~Belarus,~~in ~~and Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine (Crimea,~~ the ~~so-called~~UK ~~Donetsk People's Republic,~~ and ~~Luhansk~~by ~~People's~~90% ~~Republic).~~by ~~These~~2035 ~~measures~~in ~~include prohibitions on~~ the ~~export, re-export, or transfer of luxury goods, among other products, to Russia and Belarus, including motorcycles, motorcycle parts and accessories, and leather goods~~EU. AWhile ~~violation of~~ these laws ortarget ~~regulations~~fossil ~~could~~fuel ~~adversely affect our business~~cars, ~~results~~the ofongoing ~~operations,~~concerns ~~financial~~about ~~condition~~global climate and ~~reputation.~~related ~~The~~changes ~~Company’s~~in ~~policies~~consumer ~~and~~preferences ~~procedures~~could ~~designed~~lead to ~~ensure~~a ~~compliance~~similar ~~with~~ban ~~these~~on ~~regulations~~internal ~~may~~combustion ~~not~~engines befor ~~sufficient and its directors~~motorcycles, ~~officers,~~which ~~employees,~~would ~~representatives,~~have ~~consultants,~~a ~~agents,~~material ~~and~~adverse ~~business~~effect ~~partners~~on ~~could engage in improper conduct for which~~ the Company ~~may be held responsible.The Company~~’s business ~~also must be conducted in compliance with applicable economic~~ and ~~trade~~results ~~sanctions laws and regulations, such as those administered and enforced by the U.S. Department~~ of ~~Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U~~operations.S. ~~Department of State~~Additionally, in the ~~U.S.~~near ~~Department of Commerce~~term, the ~~United~~Company ~~Nations~~will ~~Security~~not ~~Council~~be ~~and~~primarily ~~other~~focused ~~relevant~~on ~~sanctions~~electric ~~authorities.~~vehicles ~~The~~but ~~Company’s~~will ~~global~~be ~~operations~~channeling ~~expose~~its ~~the~~focus ~~Company~~in tothis ~~the~~area ~~risk~~through ofits ~~violating,~~majority orinvestment ~~being~~in ~~accused~~LiveWire ~~of violating~~Group, ~~anti-corruption laws and economic and trade sanctions laws and regulations~~Inc. ~~The~~As ~~Company’s~~a ~~failure to comply with these laws and regulations may expose it to reputational harm as well as significant penalties~~result, ~~including~~the ~~criminal~~separation ~~fines, imprisonment, civil fines, disgorgement~~ of ~~profits, injunctions and debarment from government contracts, as well as other remedial measures. Investigations of alleged violations can be expensive and disruptive. Despite~~ the ~~Company’s~~LiveWire ~~compliance~~business ~~efforts and activities, it cannot assure compliance by its employees or representatives for which it~~ may ~~be held responsible, and any such violation could materially~~ adversely affect the Company’'s ~~reputation,~~efforts ~~business,~~to ~~prospects,~~develop ~~financial~~electric ~~condition~~vehicles ~~and~~outside ~~operating~~of ~~results.Non-compliance~~the ~~with~~LiveWire ~~anti-corruption~~business, ~~anti-bribery,~~at ~~anti-money~~least ~~laundering~~in ~~or financial and economic sanctions laws could subject~~ the ~~Company~~near ~~to whistleblower complaints~~term, ~~adverse media coverage, investigations~~ and ~~severe~~that ~~administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which~~ could ~~materially~~have ~~and~~longer-term ~~adversely~~negative ~~affect~~impacts ~~our~~on ~~business,~~the ~~prospects,~~Company's ~~financial~~ability ~~condition~~to ~~and~~offer ~~operating~~electric ~~results.~~vehicles ~~In addition, changes~~ in ~~economic~~response ~~sanctions~~to ~~laws~~pressure into ~~the~~develop ~~future~~products ~~could~~that ~~adversely~~generate ~~impact~~less ~~the Company’s business and investments in its common stock~~emissions.

General Risks

•Changes in general economic and business conditions, tightening of credit and retail markets, political events or other factors may adversely impact dealers’ retail sales. The motorcycle industry is impacted by general economic conditions over which motorcycle manufacturers have little control. These factors can weaken the retail environment and lead to weaker demand for discretionary purchases, such as the Company's motorcycles. Weakened economic conditions in certain business sectors and geographic areas can also: (i) result in reduced demand for the Company's products; (ii) negatively impact the business performance and operations of the Company's network of independent dealerships; and (iii) negatively impact the business performance and operations of the Company's suppliers, all of which may negatively impact the financial performance and operations of the Company. Tightening of credit can limit the availability of funds from financial institutions and other lenders and sources of capital which could adversely affect the ability of: (i) retail consumers to obtain loans for the purchase of motorcycles from lenders; and (ii) the Company's independent dealers and suppliers, ~~including~~and HDFS, to effectively operate their businesses. For example, recent macroeconomic conditions have impacted ~~our~~the Company's customers globally, with inflationary pressures creating affordability challenges and high interest rates contributing to delays in customers' decisions to upgrade to new models, which adversely ~~impacting~~impact dealers' retail sales and the Company's results of operations.

•Geopolitical conditions, including regional conflicts, terrorism, war, and international disputes could cause damage or disruption to commerce and the economy, and thus have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and operating results. The Company operates around the world in various geographic regions and is subject to global events that are beyond its control. The motorcycle industry can also be affected by ~~political~~regional ~~events~~conflicts and other factors over which motorcycle manufacturers have little control. For example, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine ~~could~~has ~~lead~~led to ~~significant~~an ~~market~~unprecedented expansion of sanctions programs imposed by the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, Japan and other ~~disruptions~~countries against Russia, Belarus, the Crimea Region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic. Further, ongoing regional conflicts, including ~~significant~~the ~~volatility~~military conflict between Israel and Hamas, a U.S. designated Foreign Terrorist Organization and the risk of increased tensions between, for example, China and Taiwan and the U.S. and the EU, could result in increased pressure on our supply chain, which could increase the cost of

~~commodity~~manufacturing. ~~prices~~The ~~and~~Company ~~supply~~has ~~and~~a ~~prices~~number of ~~energy~~suppliers ~~resources, instability~~ in ~~financial markets~~China, ~~supply chain interruptions, political~~ and ~~social~~a ~~instability,~~conflict ~~changes~~between inChina ~~consumer or purchaser preferences as well as increases in cyberattacks~~ and ~~espionage,~~Taiwan ~~which~~may ~~could~~impact ~~adversely affect~~ the Company’'s ~~business,~~supply ~~financial condition and operating results~~chain. The ~~ongoing~~EU ~~conflict~~is ~~has led to an unprecedented expansion of sanctions programs imposed by~~ the ~~United~~Company's ~~States,~~second ~~European~~largest ~~Union,~~sales ~~United Kingdom~~region, ~~Canada, Switzerland, Japan~~ and ~~other~~escalated ~~countries~~tensions ~~against~~between ~~Russia, Belarus,~~ the ~~Crimea Region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic. Further, ongoing regional conflicts, including the military conflict between Israel and Hamas, a~~ U.S. ~~designated Foreign Terrorist Organization, the Red Sea conflict involving attacks on commercial ships by the Houthis in the Red Sea,~~ and the ~~risk~~EU ~~of increased tensions between China and Taiwan,~~ could ~~result~~impact indemand ~~increased~~for ~~pressure on our supply chain, which could increase~~ the ~~cost of manufacturing. The~~ Company's ~~has~~motorcycles ~~a number of suppliers~~ in ~~China,~~that ~~and a conflict between China and Taiwan may impact the Company's supply chain~~region. The length, impact and outcome of international conflicts are highly unpredictable, and such conflicts could lead to significant volatility in commodity prices and supply and prices of energy resources, instability in financial markets, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability, changes in consumer or purchaser preferences as well as increases in cyberattacks and espionage, which could impact the Company's financial condition and operating results.

•The Company is and may in the future become subject to legal proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes. Potential future lawsuits or other claims, or future adverse developments associated with existing unresolved lawsuits and other claims, may harm the Company’s business, financial condition, reputation and brand. The defense of these lawsuits or other claims may result in the expenditure of significant financial resources and the diversion of management’s time and attention away from business operations. InAn ~~addition~~increase in the number of nuclear jury verdicts and overall amounts of jury awards may also increase the costs of defense, insurance and award payments, and may also encourage plaintiffs to initiate more lawsuits and higher settlement demands regardless of the merits of their claims. The Company may be required to make payments in connection with the resolution of lawsuits or other claims by settlement or otherwise, and any such payment or associated costs may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. .

The Company disclaims any obligation to update these risk factors or any other forward-looking statements. The Company assumes no obligation, and specifically disclaims any such obligation, to update these risk factors or any other forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or other factors affecting such forward-looking statements.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Risk Management and Strategy

The Company has implemented policies and procedures that are intended to manage and reduce cybersecurity risks. Material risks from cybersecurity threats are managed across HDMC, HDFS, LiveWire and third-party suppliers and vendors. Cybersecurity risks and threats are monitored by the Company's Corporate Information Security Office and routinely discussed with senior management across the Company. Cybersecurity risks are identified and assessed through third-party assessments, IT security assessments, audits conducted by Internal Audit and risk and compliance reviews. Additionally, as part of the Company’s cybersecurity risk management process, tabletop exercises are conducted at the technical and management levels. During these tabletop exercises, cybersecurity incidents are simulated, aimed at ensuring the Company is prepared in the event of a cybersecurity incident and to help identify areas of improvement for the cybersecurity program.

The Company takes measures to regularly update and continuously improve its cybersecurity program, including conducting independent program assessments, performing penetration testing and scanning the Company’s systems for vulnerabilities using external third-party tools and techniques to test security controls, auditing applicable data policies and monitoring emerging laws and regulations related to information security. The Company also periodically engages third-party consultants to assist in assessing and enhancing its cybersecurity program. The Company has implemented risk-based controls to protect its information, customer information, third-party information, its information systems and its business operations. The Company follows the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework and has adopted security-control principles based on NIST, other industry-recognized standards and contractual requirements, as required.

With respect to third parties, the Company's cybersecurity program includes a cybersecurity supply chain risk management component aimed at identifying and mitigating risks from vendors, suppliers, and other third-parties. The supply chain risk management program is integrated into the Company’s procurement workflow and includes conducting due diligence on select suppliers, vendors and other third parties. The cybersecurity risks of the vendor, supplier or other third party are evaluated by the Corporate Information Security Office when assessing the engagement and determining the appropriate oversight of the vendor, supplier or other third party. The Company also contractually requires suppliers, vendors and other third parties with access to its information technology systems, sensitive business data or personal information to implement and maintain appropriate security controls and contractually restricts their ability to use the Company’s data, including personal information, for purposes other than to provide services to the Company, except as required by law. To oversee the risks associated with these service providers, the Company works with suppliers, vendors and other third parties

diligence on select suppliers, vendors and other third parties. The cybersecurity risks of the vendor, supplier or other third party are evaluated by the Corporate Information Security Office when assessing the engagement and determining the appropriate oversight of the vendor, supplier or other third party. The Company also contractually requires suppliers, vendors and other third parties with access to its information technology systems, sensitive business data or personal information to implement and maintain appropriate security controls and contractually restricts their ability to use the Company’s data, including personal information, for purposes other than to provide services to the Company, except as required by law. To oversee the risks associated with these service providers, the Company works with suppliers, vendors and other third parties to help ensure that their cybersecurity protocols are appropriate to the risk presented by their access to or use of the Company’s systems and/or data, including notification and coordination concerning incidents occurring on third-party systems that may affect the Company.

The Company's cybersecurity program also includes a cybersecurity training component. All employees are required to complete annual cybersecurity training focused on helping the workforce recognize cyber threats and scams, avoid falling victim to threats and scams, and report potential threats and scams. In addition, periodic cybersecurity awareness messages are posted on the Company portal. To reinforce these practices, the Company conducts routine phishing simulations across the organization to test employee awareness and provides targeted follow-up training, where needed.

While the Company has experienced, and may in the future experience, cybersecurity incidents, prior incidents have not materially affected the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition. Although the Company has invested in the protection of its data and information technology and monitors its systems on an ongoing basis, there can be no assurance that such efforts will in the future prevent material compromises to Company information technology systems that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. For additional information, refer to “A significant cybersecurity incident or data privacy breach may adversely affect the Company’s reputation, revenue and earnings,” in Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Governance

The Audit and Finance Committee, consisting entirely of independent directors and on behalf of the Board of Directors, has oversight responsibility for enterprise risk and enterprise risk management systems for the Company, including cybersecurity risks. The Committee reports on its activities related to risk oversight to the full Board ~~after~~at ~~each~~least ~~meeting~~quarterly. The Audit and Finance Committee is actively involved in reviewing the Company’s information security and technology risks and opportunities, including cybersecurity, and discusses these topics on a regular basis. The Audit and Finance Committee also receives updates on a quarterly basis from senior management, including the Chief Information Security ~~and Privacy~~ Officer (CISO) regarding cybersecurity matters. These updates include cybersecurity risks, mitigation and status of cybersecurity risks, cybersecurity incidents (if any), cybersecurity initiatives and cybersecurity industry news and trends. In the event of a potentially material cybersecurity event, the ~~Presiding~~Chairman ~~Director~~of the Board and the Chair of the Audit and Finance Committee will be notified and briefed. If appropriate, the Audit and Finance Committee and/or full Board of Directors would ~~hold~~be notified and briefed, which may include holding a meeting or meetings to discuss and be briefed on the event.

The Company’s cybersecurity program is led by the CISO who is responsible for assessing and managing the Company’s data privacy function and information security and technology risks, including cybersecurity. ~~The~~In October 2025, the person serving as CISO ~~has~~left ~~over~~the 20Company. ~~years~~The Chief Digital and Operations Officer assumed the responsibilities of ~~cyber~~Acting ~~industry~~CISO ~~and~~from ~~compliance~~October ~~experience~~until his departure from the Company on December 31, 2025. The Company’s IT Security Manager is serving inas aacting CISO, ~~capacity~~executing ~~for~~all ~~over~~the 10responsibilities of ~~those~~the ~~years.~~CISO, ~~The~~while ~~CISO~~the ~~reports~~Company conducts a search to ~~our~~fill ~~Chief~~the ~~Digital~~position. ~~and~~The ~~Operations~~Company's ~~Officer,~~IT ~~who~~Security Manager has ~~extensive~~over 20 years of experience in ~~leading~~Information ~~information~~Technology, ~~systems~~including ~~management~~13 years focused on cybersecurity and regulatory compliance, ~~strategy~~with leadership roles spanning Enterprise Security Architecture, Security Operations and ~~operational~~Incident ~~execution~~Response, ~~including~~Cybersecurity ~~information~~Engineering, ~~security~~and Application Security. This background includes developing and ~~incident~~executing ~~management~~security strategies, managing incident prevention and response, and leading operational risk programs. The CISO reports to our Chief Legal, Compliance and Corporate Affairs Officer, who has been providing legal support to the Company's Corporate Information Security Office for over 9 years.

At the management level, the Company has established a Cyber Incident Review Committee consisting of senior executives including the Chief Legal, Compliance and Corporate Affairs Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Chief Communications Officer, Chief ~~Digital~~Marketing and ~~Operations~~Technology Officer, Director of Internal Audit and Deputy General Counsel, that meets regularly with the CISO to ensure identified issues are addressed expeditiously and reported to the appropriate regulatory agencies as required. In addition, the CISO escalates issues determined to be significant to the Chief Legal Officer in accordance with the Company's incident response processes.

Item 2. Properties

A summary of the principal operating properties of the Company as of December 31, 2025 is as follows:

Type of Facility Location Status HDMC: Corporate office Milwaukee, WI Owned Product development center Wauwatosa, WI Owned Manufacturing - Motorcycle powertrain production Menomonee Falls, WI Owned Manufacturing - Motorcycle components parts production and painting Tomahawk, WI Owned Manufacturing - Motorcycle parts fabrication, painting and assembly York, PA Owned Manufacturing - Motorcycle production for ~~Asian~~selected markets and ~~European~~models ~~markets~~ Rayong, Thailand Owned Manufacturing - Motorcycle assembly for Brazilian market Manaus, Brazil Leased HDFS: Corporate and retail operations office Reno, NV Leased Wholesale and retail operations office Plano, TX Leased LiveWire: Corporate office ~~Milwaukee,~~and WIproduct ~~Owned Product~~ development center ~~Wauwatosa~~Milwaukee, WI Owned LiveWire Labs - Customer experience center Malibu, CA Leased LiveWire Labs - Retail operations Carson, CA Leased ~~LiveWire Labs - Marketing displays and test rides Los Angeles, CA Leased~~ STACYC - Corporate office and research and development activities Fort Worth, TX Leased

The Company has one Corporate office and one Product development center which include separate spaces for HDMC and LiveWire operations. LiveWire motorcycles and components are manufactured at the HDMC U.S. manufacturing locations.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for a discussion of certain legal proceedings in which the Company is involved.

H-D Japan Matter - As reported, on or about July 30, 2024, the Fair Trade Commission in Japan ("Japan FTC") initiated an investigation into Harley-Davidson Japan KK ("H-D Japan"), a subsidiary of the Company, for alleged improper activity, including setting excessive sales quotas for H-D Japan’s motorcycle dealers. H-D Japan is ~~evaluating the matter and~~ cooperating with the Japan FTC in its investigation. The Company does not expect that this matter will result in material costs in the future~~, and no costs have been accrued to date~~. The Company is not aware of activity similar to the alleged activity occurring outside Japan.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Harley-Davidson, Inc. common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol HOG. As of January 3130, ~~2025~~2026, there were 6058,~~854~~612 shareholders of record of Harley-Davidson, Inc. common stock.

~~The~~On November 5, 2025, the Company’s entered into an accelerated share ~~repurchases,~~repurchase ~~which~~agreement ~~consisted~~(ASR) with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (Goldman) to repurchase an aggregate of ~~discretionary~~$200 ~~share~~million ~~repurchases~~of ~~and~~the Company’s shares of common stock. ~~that~~Under ~~employees~~the ~~surrendered~~ASR, the Company paid $200 million to ~~satisfy~~Goldman ~~withholding~~and ~~taxes~~received inan ~~connection~~initial ~~with~~delivery ~~the~~of ~~vesting~~6,291,781 shares of ~~restricted~~the Company's common stock ~~units~~on ~~and~~November ~~performance~~6, ~~shares~~2025, ~~were~~representing as80% ~~follows~~of ~~during~~the payment amount divided by the ~~quarter~~Company's ~~ended~~closing ~~December 31~~share price on November 5, ~~2024:~~2025.

Fiscal Month	Total Number ofShares Purchased	Average PricePaid per Share		Total Number of SharesPurchased as Part ofPublicly AnnouncedPlans or Programs	Maximum Number ofShares that May Yet BePurchased Under thePlans or Programs
October 1 to October 31	331,587	$	33	331,587	24,244,162
November 1 to November 30	1,644,481	$	33	1,644,481	22,599,681
December 1 to December 31	1,066,604	$	33	1,066,604	21,533,240
	3,042,672	$	33	3,042,672

On February 13, 2026, Goldman settled the ASR by delivering 3,147,971 shares of the Company's common stock, resulting in a total delivery of 9,439,752 shares under the $200 million ASR, with the initial delivery treated as shares repurchased in 2025 and the remaining shares treated as shares repurchased in 2026. The total number of shares purchased by the Company pursuant to the ASR was based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company's common stock, less a discount, during the repurchase period. The amount delivered on February 13, 2026 represents the difference between the initially delivered shares and the total number of shares purchased.

InThe ~~August 2023, the~~ Company'’s ~~Board~~share ofrepurchases, ~~Directors~~which ~~authorized~~consisted ~~the Company to repurchase up to 10.0 million shares~~ of ~~its common stock on a~~ discretionary ~~basis~~share ~~with~~repurchases, noincluding ~~dollar limit or expiration date. In July 2024~~6,291,781 ~~the~~shares ~~Company's~~repurchased ~~Board~~pursuant ofto ~~Directors authorized~~ the ~~Company~~ASR toin ~~repurchase~~2025, upand ~~to 24.4 million additional~~ shares of ~~its~~ common stock onthat aemployees ~~discretionary~~surrendered ~~basis~~to ~~with~~satisfy nowithholding ~~dollar~~taxes ~~limit~~in orconnection ~~expiration~~with ~~date.~~the Asvesting of ~~December 31,~~restricted ~~2024,~~stock ~~21.5~~units ~~million~~and ~~shares~~performance ~~remained under the July 2024 authorization. The Company repurchased 3.0 million~~ shares onwere aas ~~discretionary~~follows ~~basis~~ during the quarter ended December 31, ~~2024.~~2025:


Fiscal Month	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1 to October 31	2,244	$	27	2,244	29,686,492
November 1 to November 30	6,291,781	$	25	6,291,781	23,394,711
December 1 to December 31	11	$	22	11	23,394,711
	6,294,036	$	25	6,294,036

In July 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to 24.4 million additional shares of its common stock on a discretionary basis with no dollar limit or expiration date. In July 2025, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to 15.0 million additional shares of its common stock on a discretionary basis with no dollar limit or expiration date. As of December 31, 2025, 23.4 million shares remained under the authorizations. The Company repurchased 6.3 million shares on a discretionary basis during the quarter ended December 31, 2025, all of which were purchased pursuant to the ASR.

Under the share repurchase authorization, the Company’s common stock may be purchased through any one or more of a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan and discretionary purchases on the open market, block trades, accelerated share repurchases or privately negotiated transactions. The repurchase authority has no expiration date but may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time.

The Company's ~~maintains a~~ capital allocation ~~policy~~priorities are to (i) fund ~~The Hardwire~~ strategic initiatives, including ~~the~~any associated capital expenditures, (ii) pay dividends and (iii) exercise discretionary share repurchases. ~~This~~These ~~policy~~priorities isare designed to support the investment required to enhance the long-term value of the Company and to return any excess cash to shareholders.

The amount of capital to be allocated to share repurchases is approved periodically by the Company’s Board of Directors, taking into account the Company’s expected cash flow over time. The specific number of shares repurchased, if any, and the timing of repurchases are determined by ~~the~~ Company management from time to time and will depend on a number of factors, including share price, trading volume, and general market conditions, as well as on working capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors.

The Harley-Davidson, Inc. 2020 Incentive Stock Plan ~~and the 2022 Aspirational Incentive Stock Plan~~ (Incentive ~~Plans~~Plan) and predecessor stock plans permit participants to satisfy all or a portion of the statutory federal, state, and local withholding tax obligations arising in connection with plan awards by electing to (a) have the Company withhold shares otherwise issuable under the award, (b) tender back shares received in connection with such award or (c) deliver other previously owned shares, in each case having a value equal to the amount to be withheld. During the fourth quarter of ~~2024~~2025, the Company acquired ~~585~~2,255 shares of common stock that ~~employees presented to the Company to satisfy withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance shares.~~

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters within Part III of this Annual Report contains certain information relating to the Company’s equity compensation plans.

The following information in this Item 5 is not deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such a filing: the SEC requires the Company to include a line graph presentation comparing cumulative five year common stock returns with a broad-based stock index and either a nationally recognized industry index or an index of peer companies selected by the Company. The Company has chosen to use the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) MidCap 400 Index as the broad-based index and the S&P MidCap 400 Consumer Discretionary Index as its peer index. The graph assumes a beginning investment of $100 on December 31, 2019 and that all dividends are reinvested.

	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		2024
Harley-Davidson, Inc.	$	100	$	100	$	104	$	117	$	106	$	88
S&P MidCap 400 Index	$	100	$	114	$	142	$	123	$	143	$	163
S&P MidCap 400 Consumer Discretionary Index	$	100	$	131	$	167	$	132	$	164	$	180

employees presented to the Company to satisfy withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance shares.


	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		2025
Harley-Davidson, Inc.	$	100	$	104	$	117	$	105	$	88	$	62
S&P MidCap 400 Index	$	100	$	125	$	108	$	126	$	144	$	154
S&P MidCap 400 Consumer Discretionary Index	$	100	$	128	$	101	$	125	$	137	$	129

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Harley-Davidson, Inc. operates in three segments: Harley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC), LiveWire, and Harley-Davidson Financial Services (HDFS). Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the "Company" include Harley-Davidson, Inc. and all its subsidiaries.

The “% Change” figures included in the Results of Operations section were calculated using unrounded dollar amounts and may differ from calculations using the rounded dollar amounts presented. Certain “% Change” deemed not meaningful (NM) have been excluded.

(1) Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The Company intends that certain matters discussed in this report are “forward-looking statements” intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified as such by reference to this footnote or because the context of the statement will include words such as the Company “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “estimates,” “targets,” “intends,” "forecasts," "sees," "commits," "assumes," "envisions," or words of similar meaning. Similarly, statements that describe or refer to future expectations, future plans, strategies, objectives, outlooks, targets, guidance, commitments or goals are also forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially, unfavorably or favorably, from those anticipated as of the date of this report. Certain of such risks and uncertainties are described in close proximity to such statements or elsewhere in this report, including in Item 1A. Risk Factors and under the Cautionary Statements section in this Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Shareholders, potential investors, and other readers are urged to consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in the Overview and Guidance sections in this Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are only made as of February 5, 2025 and the remaining forward-looking statements in this report are only made as of the date of the filing of this report

The Company intends that certain matters discussed in this report are “forward-looking statements” intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified as such by reference to this footnote or because the context of the statement will include words such as the Company “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” "projects," “may,” “will,” “estimates,” “targets,” “intends,” "forecasts," "seeks," "sees," "should," "feels," "commits," "assumes," "envisions," or words of similar meaning. Similarly, statements that describe or refer to future expectations, future plans, strategies, objectives, outlooks, targets, guidance, commitments or goals are also forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially, unfavorably or favorably, from those anticipated as of the date of this report. Certain of such risks and uncertainties are described in close proximity to such statements or elsewhere in this report, including in Item 1A. Risk Factors and under the Cautionary Statements section in this Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Shareholders, potential investors, and other readers are urged to consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in the Overview and Guidance sections in this Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are only made as of February 10, 2026 and the remaining forward-looking statements in this report are only made as of the date of the filing of this report (February 26, ~~2025~~2026), and the Company disclaims any ~~obligations~~obligation to publicly update such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

Overview(1)

During ~~2024~~2025, a challenging economic environment, including high-interest rates and depressed consumer sentiment resulting from economic uncertainty, continued to adversely ~~impacted~~impact consumer demand for premium discretionary products, including the Company's motorcycles. Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc. for ~~2024~~2025 was $~~455~~338.47 million, or $32.4478 per diluted share, down from $~~706~~455.64 million, or $43.8744 per diluted share, in ~~2023~~2024. Consolidated operating income in ~~2024~~2025 decreased $~~362~~30.50 million compared to ~~2023~~2024 primarily due to ~~lower~~unfavorable operating ~~income~~results in the HDMC segment,. This was partially offset by higher operating income in the HDFS segment driven by a transaction the Company entered into with two counterparties, related to HDFS, during the second half of 2025 (HDFS Transaction) and lower operating losses in the LiveWire segment.

HDMC segment operating ~~income~~loss was $~~277~~28.87 million in ~~2024~~2025 compared to operating income of $~~661~~277.28 million in ~~2023~~2024. The reduction in operating ~~income~~results ~~in 2024~~ was due primarily to lower motorcycle shipments, which fell in response to a decline in worldwide retail motorcycle sales. Operating income was also unfavorably impacted by ~~changes~~unfavorable inmanufacturing ~~pricing,~~leverage ~~shipment~~related ~~mix,~~to ~~foreign~~higher ~~currency~~fixed ~~rates~~costs per unit on lower production and ~~manufacturing~~shipment ~~expenses~~volumes as well as the impact from new or increased tariffs implemented in 2025, partially offset by ~~lower~~favorable ~~raw~~changes ~~material~~in ~~costs~~pricing, ~~compared~~shipment tomix, ~~2023~~foreign currency rates and raw material costs.

LiveWire segment operating loss was $~~109~~75.60 million in ~~2024~~2025 compared to an operating loss of $~~116~~109.86 million in ~~2023~~2024. The decrease in operating loss ~~in 2024~~ was due primarily to lower operating expenses, ~~partially~~largely ~~offset~~as by a ~~decrease~~result inof ~~revenue~~cost ~~from~~reduction ~~electric balance bikes and electric motorcycles~~initiatives.

HDFS segment operating income was $~~248~~490.4 million in ~~2024~~2025 compared to operating income of $~~234~~248.74 million in ~~2023~~2024. The increase in operating income was due primarily to a release of the allowance for credit losses on receivables sold as part of the HDFS Transaction and higher ~~interest~~other income, partially offset by ~~higher~~lower interest ~~expense~~income, anhigher ~~increase~~interest inexpense, ~~the~~including ~~provision~~debt ~~for~~extinguishment ~~credit~~costs, ~~losses~~ and higher operating expenses.

Retail sales of Harley-Davidson motorcycles declined during ~~2024~~2025 as they ~~were~~continued to be negatively impacted by a ~~continued~~ challenging macroeconomic environment. Worldwide dealer retail unit sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles decreased 712.14% in ~~2024~~2025 compared to ~~2023~~2024. During ~~2024~~2025, retail sales decreased 312.69% and 1211.45% in U.S. and international markets, respectively, compared to ~~2023~~2024. Refer to the Harley-Davidson Retail Sales section for further discussion of retail sales results.

Key Factors Impacting the Company

~~Supply~~U.S. ~~Matters~~and Foreign Tariffs – During ~~the second quarter of 2022~~2025, the ~~Company~~U.S. ~~received~~implemented ~~information~~new ~~from~~or aincreased ~~Tier~~tariffs 2on ~~supplier,~~goods ~~Proterial~~from ~~Cable~~various ~~America,~~foreign ~~Inc. ("PCA" f/k/a Hitachi Cable America~~countries, ~~Inc.),~~either ~~concerning~~generally aor ~~potential~~with ~~regulatory~~respect ~~compliance matter relating~~ to ~~PCA's~~certain ~~brake hose assemblies~~products. AsIn acertain ~~result~~circumstances, ~~out of an abundance of caution,~~ the ~~Company~~U.S. ~~suspended~~and ~~all~~certain ~~vehicle~~foreign ~~assembly~~countries ~~and~~continued ~~shipments~~to ~~for~~discuss ~~approximately~~trade ~~two~~policy ~~weeks~~which ~~during~~could impact the ~~second~~on-going ~~quarter~~cost of ~~2022.~~tariffs ~~Since~~for ~~then,~~ the Company. ~~has~~During ~~been~~2025, ~~working through~~ the ~~regulatory~~total ~~compliance~~cost ~~matter~~of ~~with~~new ~~PCA,~~or ~~the~~increased ~~Company’s~~tariffs ~~relevant~~implemented ~~Tier-1~~in ~~suppliers,~~2025 ~~and~~that the ~~National~~Company ~~Highway~~incurred ~~Traffic~~was ~~Safety~~approximately ~~Administration~~$67 million(~~NHTSA~~a)~~, the agency responsible for brake hose assembly compliance in the United States~~.

InCertain ~~connection~~tariffs ~~with~~have ~~this~~been ~~matter,~~challenged in ~~July~~U.S. ~~2022~~courts, ~~PCA~~including ~~notified~~tariffs ~~NHTSA~~levied ofunder athe ~~population~~International ofEmergency ~~brake~~Economic ~~hose~~Powers ~~assemblies~~Act ~~manufactured~~of ~~between~~1977 ~~May~~which ~~and~~the ~~July~~Supreme ofCourt ~~2022~~ruled ~~that~~ were ~~non-compliant~~unconstitutional ~~with select NHTSA laboratory test standards. Based~~ on ~~that~~February ~~filing~~20, ~~in August 2022~~2026, ~~the~~which ~~Company~~could ~~notified~~impact ~~NHTSA of~~ the ~~corresponding~~continued ~~population~~application of ~~Harley-Davidson~~the ~~motorcycles~~new ~~containing~~or ~~those~~increased ~~brake hose assemblies~~tariffs. InDepending ~~October~~on ~~2022,~~the ~~PCA~~outcome ~~amended its original notification, expanding its population~~ of ~~non-compliant~~court ~~brake~~challenges ~~hose~~and ~~assemblies~~any torelated ~~include~~actions ~~units produced~~ by ~~PCA~~the ~~for~~administration ~~use~~or ~~in Harley-Davidson motorcycles beginning as early as model year 2008. In December 2022~~Congress, ~~the~~trade ~~Company~~negotiations ~~amended~~and ~~its~~other ~~August notification~~factors, ~~expanding~~ the ~~population~~U.S. toand ~~also~~foreign ~~include~~countries ~~Harley-Davidson~~may ~~motorcycles that contained PCA's newly identified brake hose assemblies. In March 2023~~sustain, ~~PCA again amended its NHTSA notification~~amend, ~~identifying~~suspend ~~additional~~or ~~compliance~~withdraw ~~issues~~existing ~~with~~tariffs ~~the~~or ~~previously~~implement ~~identified~~new ~~brake hose assemblies~~tariffs. ~~The~~If ~~Company~~existing ~~followed~~tariffs ~~PCA's~~are ~~March~~sustained ~~amendment~~or ~~with~~new atariffs ~~derivative~~are ~~amended~~implemented, ~~notification to NHTSA in May 2023.~~

In June 2023, the Company received a letter from PCA advising that PCA was investigating a new, separate potential quality issue with brake hose assemblies produced by PCA after the Company’s 2022 production suspension. Due to this issue, the Company was forced to suspend production of most of the motorcycles manufactured at its York facility and run limited motorcycle manufacturing operations there for approximately two weeks. The Company continued to manufacture, among other motorcycles, the 2023 CVO Road Glide and Street Glide, which do not use PCA's brake hose assemblies. It also continued its normal motorcycle manufacturing operations at its international facilities. In connection with this matter, in late June 2023, PCA filed a new and separate NHTSA notification, identifying certain brake hose assemblies produced between June of 2022 and June of 2023 as noncompliant with select NHTSA laboratory test standards. The Company followed PCA’s June 2023 notification by filing a derivative notification with NHTSA in early July 2023.

Asit ~~permitted~~will bylikely ~~federal~~increase ~~law~~the Company’s cost of raw materials, ~~both~~components, ~~PCA~~finished motorcycles, parts and ~~the~~accessories ~~Company~~and ~~have~~apparel ~~utilized~~and ~~NHTSA’~~affect its ability to sell products domestically and internationally at or near current prices. The Company's ~~standard~~U.S.-centric ~~process~~manufacturing footprint and sourcing limit its exposure to ~~petition~~tariffs; however, based on the ~~agency~~portions toof ~~determine~~the Company's business that ~~these~~are ~~compliance~~exposed ~~issues~~directly ~~are~~or ~~inconsequential~~indirectly to ~~motor~~tariffs ~~vehicle~~and ~~safety~~the ~~("Inconsequentiality~~magnitude ~~Determinations").~~of Ifpotential ~~NHTSA~~incremental ~~makes~~tariffs, the ~~Inconsequentiality~~impact ~~Determinations~~to ~~requested,~~ the Company ~~will~~could be ~~exempt~~material. ~~from~~The ~~conducting~~impacts aof ~~field~~new ~~action~~ or ~~recall~~increased tariffs to the Company for the full year 2025 and the Company's expectations for 2026(1) as of ~~its~~February ~~motorcycles~~8, ~~related~~2026 toare ~~these~~as ~~matters.~~follows (dollars in millions):

In its inconsequentiality petitions, the Company has presented NHTSA with: (1) extensive independent, third-party and internal testing demonstrating that the brake hose assemblies at issue are robust to extreme conditions - which far exceed maximum expected motorcycle lifetime demands - with no impact to brake performance; and (2) real-world field safety data showing no documented crashes or injuries attributable to the identified compliance issues for the relevant affected populations. The Company believes its petitions are closely comparable to inconsequentiality petitions that have resulted in successful inconsequentiality determinations in the past. The Company is also confident that its position that the compliance issues are inconsequential to motor vehicle safety is strong and, therefore, no field action or recall will be necessary.


	Tariff	2025 Impact(a)	2026 Estimate(a)
China	20%	$6	$10 - $15
Mexico	25%	1	—
Canada	35%	8	—
EU	15%	2	$0 - $5
India	18%	2	$5 - $10
Thailand	19%	6	$20 - $25
Rest of world	10% - 50%	11	$25 - $30
Steel and aluminum	50%	31	$15 - $20
Total		$67	$75 - $105

~~Based~~(a) Includes ~~on its expectation that NHTSA will make Inconsequentiality Determinations,~~ the ~~Company~~cost ~~does~~of ~~not~~new ~~expect~~or ~~that~~increased ~~these~~import ~~regulatory~~and ~~noncompliance~~export ~~matters~~tariffs ~~will~~implemented ~~result~~ in ~~material~~2025 ~~costs~~paid indirectly ~~the~~by ~~future, and no costs have been accrued to date. However, it is possible that a field action or recall could be required that could cause~~ the Company toand ~~incur~~indirect ~~material~~ costs. ~~There~~paid ~~are several variables and uncertainties associated with any potential field action or recall that are not yet fully known including, but not limited~~ to, ~~the~~suppliers ~~population of brake hose assemblies and motorcycles, the specific field action or recall required, the complexity and cost of the required repair, the need~~ for ~~and~~tariff-related ~~availability~~price ~~of replacement parts, the suppliers of replacement parts and the number of motorcycle owners that would participate~~increases. ~~The~~Excludes ~~Company estimates, based on its available information and assumptions, that~~ the ~~cost~~benefit of aany ~~potential~~past ~~field action~~ or ~~recall~~future inmitigation ~~the aggregate~~actions, if any were to occur, could range from approximately $140 million to $450 million. The Company continues to evaluate and update its estimates as it learns more about these regulatory matters, including the variables and uncertainties discussed above. During 2024, the Company adjusted the estimated range to reflect changes in ~~the~~demand ~~estimated cost of replacement parts~~ and ~~labor.~~operational ~~The~~costs ~~estimated~~primarily ~~population of potentially impacted brake lines and motorcycles remains unchanged. The Company also continues~~ to ~~maintain~~accelerate ~~its~~shipments ~~expectation~~ahead ~~that~~of ~~NHTSA~~actual ~~will make the requested Inconsequentiality Determinations and that these regulatory matters will not result in any material field action~~ or ~~recall~~expected ~~costs.~~new ~~If a material field action~~ or ~~recall~~increased ~~were to result, the Company would seek full recovery of those amounts from its suppliers~~tariffs.

~~Interest~~The ~~Rates~~Company -plans ~~Interest~~to ~~rates~~continue ~~remained~~its ~~heightened~~efforts ~~during much of 2024 and started~~ to ~~decline~~mitigate in the ~~latter~~impact ~~part~~ of ~~2024. This~~tariffs, ~~follows~~including aengaging ~~significant~~with ~~increase~~governments ~~during 2022 and into 2023 as central banks attempted~~ to ~~reduce~~advocate ~~inflation.~~for ~~The~~consideration ~~current~~of ~~higher~~motorcycles ~~interest~~in ~~rate~~trade ~~environment~~negotiations; ~~has~~pursuing ~~adversely~~recovery ~~impacted~~of ~~HDFS'~~tariffs, ~~interest~~where ~~income~~appropriate; ~~margin~~moving ~~due~~inventory tointo amarkets ~~higher~~ahead ~~cost~~ of ~~funds~~tariff ~~that~~effective isdates; ~~only~~evaluating ~~partially~~sourcing ~~offset~~options byand ~~increased~~pricing ~~interest~~for ~~rates~~its ~~on financing~~ products; ~~sold~~and byprudently ~~HDFS.~~managing Additionally, higher interest rates have adversely impacted consumer discretionary purchases, like the Company's motorcycles, as higher borrowing costs made these purchases less affordable or impacted the consumer's ability to obtain financingcost.

~~Incremental~~In ~~U.S.~~its ~~and~~efforts ~~Foreign~~to ~~Tariffs~~pursue –recovery Inof ~~January 2025~~tariffs, the ~~global~~Company ~~tariff~~has ~~landscape~~been ~~began~~successful toin ~~quickly~~its ~~change~~appeal ~~with~~of ~~the~~certain Utariffs.S. ~~implementing~~In ~~tariffs~~April on2021, ~~various~~the ~~foreign~~Company ~~countries,~~received ~~either~~notification ~~generally~~from orthe ~~with~~Economic ~~respect~~Ministry toof ~~certain~~Belgium ~~products~~that, ~~and~~following ~~certain~~a ofrequest ~~those~~from ~~foreign~~the ~~countries~~EU, ~~implementing~~the ~~rebalancing~~Company ~~tariffs~~would onbe subject to revocation of the ~~U.S.,~~Binding ~~either~~Origin ~~generally~~Information or(BOI) ~~with~~decisions ~~respect~~that allowed it to ~~certain~~supply ~~products.~~its InEU markets with certain ~~circumstances~~motorcycles ~~the~~produced ~~U.S.~~at ~~and~~its ~~certain~~Thailand ~~foreign~~manufacturing ~~countries~~facility ~~temporarily~~at ~~suspended~~tariff ~~tariffs~~rates ~~they~~of ~~had~~6%. ~~recently~~As ~~implemented~~a result of the revocation, ~~either~~all innon-electric ~~whole~~motorcycles orthat inHarley-Davidson ~~part.~~imported ~~The~~into ~~U.S.~~the ~~continues~~EU, toregardless ~~implement~~of ~~new~~origin, ~~reinstated~~were orsubject ~~adjusted~~to ~~tariffs,~~a ~~and~~total ~~the~~tariff ~~Company~~rate ~~expects~~of ~~that~~31% itfrom ~~will~~April ~~continue~~19, ~~with~~2021 ~~this~~through ~~practice~~the end of 2021. ~~Foreign~~On ~~countries~~October ~~subject~~30, to2021, ~~these~~the U.S. ~~tariffs~~and ~~continue~~EU toannounced ~~implement~~an ~~new,~~agreement ~~reinstated~~related orto ~~adjusted~~the ~~rebalancing~~Section 232 tariffs, ~~and~~on ~~the~~steel ~~Company~~and ~~expects~~aluminum that ~~foreign~~were ~~countries~~implemented ~~will~~in ~~continue~~2018 ~~with~~by ~~that~~the ~~practice. The~~ U.S. and ~~foreign~~the ~~countries~~subsequent ~~may~~rebalancing ~~also~~tariff ~~amend,~~measures ~~suspend~~taken orby ~~withdraw~~the ~~their~~EU. ~~respective~~This ~~recently~~agreement ~~enacted~~suspended ~~tariffs~~the atadditional ~~any~~tariffs ~~time.~~initially Ifimposed by the ~~recently~~EU ~~enacted~~on ~~tariffs~~the ~~are~~Company's ~~not amended~~motorcycles, ~~suspended~~reducing orthe ~~withdrawn,~~total itEU istariff ~~likely~~rate toon ~~negatively impact~~ the Company’s ~~ability~~motorcycles from 31% to ~~sell~~6%, ~~products~~effective ~~domestically~~January ~~and~~1, ~~internationally~~2022. atThe orlower ~~near~~6% ~~current~~tariff ~~prices~~rate asapplied ~~tariffs~~to ~~impact~~all motorcycles imported by the ~~cost~~Company ofinto ~~raw~~the ~~materials~~EU, ~~components~~regardless ~~and~~of ~~motorcycles~~origin.

~~For~~The ~~example,~~Company onpursued ~~February~~appeals ~~10,~~of ~~2025,~~ the ~~U.S.~~revocation ~~announced~~of athe ~~25%~~BOI ~~tariff~~decisions ~~on steel~~ and ~~aluminum imported into~~ the ~~U.S.;~~denial ~~these~~of ~~tariffs~~its ~~are~~application ~~set~~for totemporary ~~take~~extended ~~effect~~reliance on ~~March~~the ~~12,~~6% ~~2025.~~tariff ~~These~~rate ~~tariffs~~(for ~~are~~motorcycles ~~similar~~produced ~~to tariffs the U.S. implemented~~ in ~~2018~~Thailand ~~on steel~~ and ~~aluminum~~ordered ~~imported~~prior ~~into~~to ~~the~~April ~~U.S.~~19, ~~from the EU~~2021). InThe ~~response~~Company toreceived ~~those~~a ~~2018~~favorable ~~steel~~judgment ~~and~~on ~~aluminum tariffs,~~ the EUappeal ~~implemented~~of ~~incremental~~the ~~rebalancing~~denial ~~tariffs~~ of ~~25%~~its onapplication ~~certain~~for ~~products~~temporary ~~imported~~extended ~~into~~reliance, ~~the~~which EUresulted ~~from~~in the ~~U.S.,~~Company ~~including~~receiving ~~non-electric~~a ~~motorcycles.~~€35 Inmillion ~~April~~refund ~~2021,~~on ~~the~~February ~~EU’s~~23, ~~25%~~2026 ~~incremental~~(or ~~rebalancing~~$42 ~~tariff~~million ~~started~~remeasured to ~~apply to the Company’s motorcycles imported into the EU from its manufacturing facilities in the~~ U.S. ~~and~~dollars ~~Thailand.~~on OnFebruary ~~October 21~~23, ~~2021, the U~~2026).S. ~~and~~This EUdid ~~agreed~~not toimpact ~~suspend these tariffs, with~~ the EUCompany's ~~suspension~~financial ofstatements ~~its~~for ~~incremental~~the ~~tariffs~~year ~~now~~ended ~~set~~December ~~to expire on March~~ 31, 2025.; Ifit ~~the~~will EUimpact ~~tariff suspension expires without changes, all of~~ the ~~Company’s~~results ~~motorcycles~~for ~~imported into~~ the EUfirst ~~would~~quarter beof ~~subject to a total 56% tariff~~2026.

~~Based~~Interest inRates ~~part~~- onDespite ~~the~~an ~~history~~interest ofrate ~~the~~decline ~~2018~~in ~~incremental rebalancing tariffs implemented by~~ the ~~EU,~~latter ~~the~~part ~~Company~~of ~~expects~~2024 ~~foreign~~and ~~countries,~~another ~~including the EU, to implement rebalancing tariffs~~ in ~~response to~~ the ~~steel~~third ~~and~~quarter ~~aluminum~~of ~~tariffs~~2025, ~~announced~~interest byrates ~~the~~remained ~~U.S.~~heightened onin ~~February 10,~~ 2025. AsThe ~~the~~declines ~~rebalancing tariffs implemented by the EU~~ in ~~2018 applied to~~ the ~~Company’s~~latter ~~motorcycles,~~part itof is2024 ~~possible~~and ~~that~~third ~~rebalancing~~quarter ~~tariffs~~of ~~that~~2025 ~~may~~follow bea ~~implemented~~significant byincrease ~~the~~during EU2022 ~~or other countries in response to the 2025 steel~~ and ~~aluminum~~2023 ~~tariffs~~as ~~could~~central ~~apply~~banks attempted to ~~the~~reduce ~~Company’s motorcycles~~inflation. ItThe iscurrent ~~also~~higher ~~possible~~interest ~~that~~rate ~~the~~environment EUhas ~~will~~adversely ~~reinstate~~impacted ~~the~~HDFS' ~~2018~~interest ~~rebalancing~~income ~~tariffs~~margin ~~when~~due ~~they are set~~ to ~~expire~~a onhigher ~~March~~cost ~~31,~~of ~~2025,~~funds orthat ~~sooner,~~is ~~subjecting~~only ~~the~~partially ~~Company’s~~offset ~~motorcycles~~by ~~imported~~increased ~~into~~interest ~~the~~rates EUon tofinancing aproducts ~~56%~~sold ~~tariff.~~by ~~The U~~HDFS.S. ~~tariffs~~Additionally, ~~and~~higher ~~rebalancing~~interest ~~tariffs~~rates ~~that~~have ~~were~~adversely ~~recently~~impacted ~~enacted~~consumer ordiscretionary ~~that may be enacted~~purchases, inlike ~~addition~~purchases ~~to impacting the cost~~ of ~~motorcycles, could increase~~ the ~~cost of components and materials used to make the~~ Company’'s motorcycles, ~~and~~as ~~other~~higher ~~products.~~borrowing ~~Higher production~~ costs ~~could~~have ~~make~~made ~~the~~these ~~Company’s~~purchases ~~motorcycles and other products~~ less affordable ~~for~~or ~~consumers,~~impacted ~~both in~~ the ~~U.S.~~consumer's ~~and~~ability into ~~foreign~~obtain ~~countries, and negatively impact consumer demand~~financing.

~~Additionally,~~HDFS inTransaction ~~November~~- ~~2024,~~In the ~~European~~second ~~Court~~half of ~~Justice~~2025, ~~denied~~ the Company's ~~appeal~~entered ofinto the ~~revocation~~HDFS inTransaction ~~2021 of Binding Origin Information (BOI) decisions. Prior to the revocation, the BOI decisions allowed the Company to supply its EU markets~~ with ~~certain~~two ~~motorcycles~~counterparties ~~produced~~relating ~~at its Thailand manufacturing facility at tariff rates of 6%. As a result of the revocation, products supplied by the Company's Thailand manufacturing facility~~ to ~~its EU markets are subject to the same tariff rates as products supplied by the Company's U~~HDFS.S. ~~manufacturing facility to EU markets.~~ The ~~Company~~key ~~continues~~aspects ~~to pursue its appeal~~ of the ~~denial~~transaction of its application for temporary extended reliance on the 6% tariff rate (for motorcycles produced in Thailand and ordered prior to April 19, 2021), although there is no assurance that the appeal will continue or be successful.include:

~~Given~~•Sale ~~the uncertainty surrounding the current global tariff landscape, the Company’s forward-looking guidance does not incorporate the impact~~ of ~~tariffs~~Existing ~~that~~Retail ~~have~~Finance ~~been~~Receivables: orDuring ~~may be implemented, reinstated or adjusted in 2025. The Company plans to provide more information concerning tariffs and their impact in its earnings disclosures for~~ the ~~first~~second ~~quarter~~half of 2025~~. The Company believes it has taken and it will continue to take all actions that it believes are appropriate to mitigate the potential impact of tariffs~~, ~~and~~HDFS itagreed ~~plans~~ to ~~continue~~sell ~~to take precautionary measures that it believes are appropriate. As it relates to tariffs that may be levied on imports into~~ the ~~U.S.,~~majority ~~the Company does not have production in Canada or Mexico, and all~~ of ~~the motorcycles in~~ its ~~core~~existing ~~product~~retail ~~families~~finance ~~(Grand American Touring~~receivables, ~~Trike~~including ~~and~~its ~~Cruiser)~~securitization ~~sold~~beneficial ~~in the U~~interests.S. ~~are~~As ~~manufactured~~a ~~in the U.S. Additionally~~result, the ~~motorcycles manufactured in the U.S. in partnership with the~~ Company's ~~skilled~~had ~~union workforce account for~~ the ~~vast~~following ~~majority of its profit in North America, and most of its sourcing is also U.S. centric.~~impacts:

~~Guidance~~▪Sale of Securitization Beneficial Interests: HDFS completed the sale of 95% of its residual interests in retail finance receivables that were previously transferred to certain special purpose entities (1SPEs) through on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions, resulting in a gain of $27.9 million and the deconsolidation of $1.9 billion of net finance receivables and $1.7 billion of related debt, among other assets and liabilities.

On▪Sale ~~February 5,~~of ~~2025~~Retail Finance Receivables: HDFS sold $4.1 billion of retail finance receivables originated prior to the HDFS transaction, resulting in the ~~Company~~release ~~announced~~of the ~~following~~related ~~expectations~~allowance for credit losses and contributing to a $191.4 million benefit in the provision for credit losses in 2025:.

~~The~~•Sale ~~Company~~of ~~expects~~On-Going ~~HDMC~~Retail ~~revenue~~Loan toOriginations: beHDFS ~~flat~~agreed to ~~down~~sell 5%up ~~in 2025 compared~~ to ~~2024~~two-thirds ~~in line with its expectation that wholesale shipments~~ of ~~Harley-Davidson~~new ~~motorcycles~~retail toloan ~~dealers~~originations ~~will be flat~~ to ~~down 5% compared to 2024. In addition,~~ the ~~Company~~counterparties ~~expects~~over ~~revenue~~a in5-year ~~2025~~period to(Forward beFlow ~~positively~~Agreement) ~~impacted~~and bybegan ~~pricing,~~selling ~~partially offset by~~ a ~~negative~~portion ~~impact~~of ~~from~~new ~~foreign~~retail ~~currency~~loan ~~exchange~~originations ~~rates.~~to ~~The~~the ~~Company~~counterparties ~~also~~during ~~expects~~the ~~HDMC~~fourth ~~revenue~~quarter inof 2025. toHDFS ~~exhibit~~earns aloan ~~different~~servicing ~~seasonal~~fees ~~cadence~~over ~~compared to 2024, when wholesale shipments in~~ the ~~first~~period ~~half~~it ofservices ~~the~~loans ~~year~~purchased ~~were favorably impacted~~ by the ~~introductory~~counterparties ~~shipments~~at ~~of its all-new Grand American Touring motorcycles. As~~ a ~~result,~~rate ~~the Company expects wholesale shipments in the first half~~ of ~~2025~~1% toper beannum ~~down~~for ~~double-digits~~prime onloans aand ~~percentage~~2.5% ~~basis~~per ~~compared~~annum tofor ~~the~~subprime ~~first half of 2024~~loans.

~~The~~•Equity ~~Company~~Investments ~~expects~~in ~~worldwide~~HDFS: ~~dealer~~Each ~~retail~~of ~~unit~~the ~~sales~~counterparties paid $23.3 million cash to acquire 4.9% of ~~Harley~~HDFS based on a multiple of approximately 1.75x HDFS's post-~~Davidson~~transaction ~~motorcycles~~equity incarrying ~~2025~~value tofor bea ~~flat~~total ~~compared~~of to9.8% ~~2024~~of HDFS. As a result, ~~assuming~~the ~~2025~~counterparties ~~wholesale~~began ~~shipments~~participating ~~are~~ in ~~the~~HDFS ~~middle~~equity, ofincluding its earnings, representing a non-controlling interest in the Company's ~~expected~~ownership ~~range~~of HDFS, in the ~~Company~~fourth ~~expects~~quarter. aSeven ~~reduction~~years ofafter ~~more~~closing ~~than~~the ~~10%~~transaction or in ~~2025~~the ~~year-end~~event ~~dealer~~of ~~inventory~~a change of ~~new~~control of Harley-Davidson, ~~motorcycles~~Inc. asor ~~compared~~HDFS, toeach counterparty will have the ~~end~~right ofto ~~2024~~exchange(1) their HDFS ownership interest for Harley-Davidson common stock. ~~The~~Three ~~Company~~years ~~expects~~after closing the ~~reduction~~transaction, inthe ~~dealer~~Company ~~inventory~~has ~~levels~~the right to berepurchase ~~most~~the ~~evident~~counterparties' inownership ~~the~~interest ~~first~~in ~~half~~HDFS ofusing ~~2025~~cash ~~when~~that ~~dealer~~would ~~inventory~~otherwise isbe ~~expected~~available to bethe ~~down~~Company byin ~~more~~the ~~than~~form ~~30%~~of ata ~~the~~dividend ~~end~~from ofHDFS; however, the ~~first~~Company ~~half~~may ofnot ~~2025~~purchase ~~compared~~any tomore ~~the~~than ~~end~~one-third of the ~~first~~counterparties' ~~half~~HDFS ofownership ~~2024.~~in an individual year.

~~The~~Using ~~Company~~proceeds ~~expects~~from ~~HDMC~~the ~~operating~~HDFS ~~income~~Transaction, ~~margin~~HDFS asexecuted a ~~percent~~tender ofoffer ~~revenue~~for toits ~~be 7~~$700.0 million 6.50% tomedium-term 8notes due 2028 and $500.0 million 5.95% medium-term notes due 2029, resulting in ~~2025~~$437.1 million and $355.1 million of notes being redeemed, respectively. HDFS subsequently executed a make-whole redemption, resulting in the remaining $262.9 million of medium-term notes due 2028 being redeemed. The Company ~~believes~~recognized ~~operating~~a ~~income~~loss ~~margin~~on indebt ~~2025~~extinguishment ~~will~~of be$67.6 ~~favorably~~million, ~~impacted~~which byincluded ~~pricing~~unamortized discounts and ~~lower~~fees, ~~operating~~related ~~expenses~~to ~~driven~~the bymedium-term ~~lower~~note ~~headcount~~transactions and ~~anticipated~~an ~~savings~~additional $5.0 million related to ~~warranty~~other debt settlement transactions during 2025. The ~~Company~~$72.6 ~~expects~~million ~~these~~of ~~favorable~~loss ~~impacts~~from todebt beextinguishment ~~partially~~is ~~offset~~included bywithin Financial services interest expense on the ~~unfavorable~~Consolidated ~~impacts~~statements of ~~lower~~operations. ~~wholesale~~The ~~unit~~tender ~~volumes~~offer and ~~the~~subsequent ~~resulting~~make-whole ~~impact~~redemption ofon ~~higher~~the ~~costs~~medium-term ~~per~~notes ~~unit,~~contributed ~~unfavorable~~to ~~foreign~~the ~~currency~~$3.6 ~~exchange~~billion ~~rates~~decrease ~~and~~in ~~unfavorable~~HDFS ~~changes~~debt inand ~~shipment~~deposits ~~mix~~during 2025, largely driven by ~~the~~lower ~~introduction~~funding ofneeds ~~new~~and ~~model~~using ~~year~~proceeds ~~Cruiser~~from ~~motorcycles,~~the asHDFS ~~compared to 2024~~Transaction.

~~The~~Proceeds ~~Company~~from ~~expects~~the ~~LiveWire~~HDFS ~~motorcycle~~Transaction ~~sales~~were ofalso ~~1,000~~used to ~~1,500~~pay ~~units~~down ~~and~~the aCompany's ~~LiveWire~~$450 ~~operating~~million ~~loss~~term ofloan ~~$70~~and ~~million~~enter tointo a $80200 million inaccelerated ~~2025.~~share ~~This~~repurchase ~~range~~(ASR) ~~represents~~program, ~~approximately~~which ~~35%~~contributed ~~improvement~~6.3 inmillion ~~operating~~shares ~~results~~to ~~from~~the ~~2024~~Company's ~~while~~2025 ~~selling~~discretionary ~~between~~share ~~60%~~repurchases, ~~and~~with ~~145%~~the ~~more~~remainder ~~motorcycle~~available ~~units.~~for Insettlement ~~addition,~~of the HDFS medium-term notes due in ~~2025~~2026 ~~the~~and ~~Company~~expected ~~expects~~to ~~cash~~be used byfor ~~operating~~general ~~activities~~corporate purposes(1).

HDFS now carries a lower retail finance receivables balance as compared to 2024 due to the sale of a significant portion of its retail loan portfolio in the fourth quarter of 2025 and the sale of a portion of its new originations within the quarter. As a result, the Company expects HDFS’s operating income will be reduced as it earns less interest income on HDFS’s lower retail finance receivable balance, partially offset by new retail loan servicing fees for servicing loans that have been sold and from expected ongoing sales of loans under the Forward Flow Agreement(1).

~~related~~New Products and Annual Launch Timing - The Company has announced plans to introduce a new small displacement motorcycle, which the ~~LiveWire~~Company ~~segment~~believes will be profitable, and an iconic classic cruiser starting in 2026. In addition, the Company began to ~~decrease~~shift ~~approximately~~the ~~$45~~timing ~~million~~of orits ~~48%~~annual ~~compared~~new model year launch from January to ~~2024~~the preceding fall for certain models in 2025 and ~~cash~~expects ~~used~~to bycontinue ~~investing~~expanding ~~activities~~to ~~related~~additional models in future years to create additional retail selling opportunities later in each calendar year. Finally, the Company announced LiveWire's ~~segment~~plans to ~~increase~~launch ~~approximately~~production $2versions ~~million~~of ortwo ~~30%~~concept ~~compared~~mini-motorcycles, which represents a strategic shift in LiveWire's product portfolio to ~~2024~~align with evolving customer preferences and growing global demand for lightweight, urban-friendly mobility solutions.

~~The~~New ~~Company~~Chief ~~expects~~Executive ~~HDFS~~Officer ~~operating~~and ~~income~~New toStrategic bePlan ~~down~~- ~~10%~~Effective toOctober ~~15%~~1, in 2025, ~~compared~~the ~~to 2024. The~~ Company ~~expects~~hired ~~HDFS~~a ~~interest~~new ~~income~~Chief toExecutive beOfficer ~~impacted~~(CEO). bySoon ~~lower~~after ~~finance~~the ~~receivables~~new asCEO's ~~wholesale finance receivables are impacted by lower dealer inventory levels~~appointment, ~~which are expected to drive wholesale finance receivables down, and lower retail finance receivables due to lower retail originations in recent years. Additionally,~~ the Company ~~expects~~initiated ~~HDFS to incur higher borrowing costs compared to 2024 as it refinances~~ a ~~portion~~comprehensive evaluation of its ~~debt~~strategy ~~portfolio~~and ~~at higher interest rates given the expected interest rate environment in 2025~~operations. The Company ~~also~~ expects ~~HDFS's~~the ~~provision~~strategic ~~for~~and ~~credit~~operational ~~losses~~evaluation activities to ~~stabilize~~continue asin ~~consumers adapt to~~ the ~~macroeconomic~~coming ~~environment~~months, ~~and~~which the Company's ~~mix~~expects ofwill ~~retail~~result ~~finance~~in ~~receivables,~~the ~~which~~announcement isof ~~expected to include~~ a ~~higher~~new ~~mix~~strategic ofplan ~~prime~~in ~~originations~~the ~~compared~~second toquarter ~~2024~~of 2026.

~~The~~Guidance(1) Company expects diluted earnings per share to be flat to down 5% in 2025 compared to 2024. The Company expects diluted earnings per share to be impacted by operating results from its segments as noted above, lower other non-operating income related to pension plans and LiveWire warrants, lower investment income and a higher effective income tax rate given the benefit of certain discrete tax adjustments in 2024 not expected to recur in 2025. Additionally, the Company expects diluted earnings per share in 2025 to be favorably impacted by lower weighted average shares outstanding.

InOn ~~2022~~February 10, ~~the Company set a cost productivity target to eliminate $400 million of incremental cost incurred since 2020 by 2025. The Company's efforts are focused on production efficiency~~2026, logistics network optimization and supplier cost optimization. This target originally included a positive impact from manufacturing leverage of approximately $50 million to $70 million based on an anticipated reduction in the ~~fixed~~Company ~~cost~~announced ~~per motorcycle associated with increasing production volumes. Given~~ the ~~decrease~~following inexpectations ~~production~~for ~~volumes in 2023 and 2024~~2026, ~~the~~which ~~Company~~exclude ~~adjusted~~potential ~~the~~impacts ~~target~~that incould ~~2024~~result byfrom ~~removing~~ the ~~impact~~adoption of ~~manufacturing leverage and increasing productivity objectives in other areas to maintain~~ the ~~original~~new ~~target.~~strategic ~~Excluding~~plan the ~~impact of manufacturing leverage, the~~ Company achieved approximately $24 million in productivity savings in 2022 and approximately $123 million in 2023. The previously reported productivity savings, which included the impact of manufacturing leverage (whether positive or negative), were approximately $50 million and $70 million in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Company achieved approximately $110 million of cost productivity savings in 2024, resulting in total productivity savings of $257 million since the beginning of 2022. The Company expects to ~~achieve~~announce ~~$100 million~~ in ~~productivity savings in 2025 resulting in total estimated productivity savings of $357 million by~~ the ~~end~~second ofquarter ~~2025, below its target~~ of ~~$400 million. The Company expects continued efforts in~~ 2026 ~~will result in $100 million of productivity savings in 2026, resulting in more than $400 million in total productivity savings by the end of 2026.~~ :

The Company expects ~~capital~~2026 ~~investments~~wholesale inshipments ~~2025~~and ofworldwide ~~between~~dealer ~~$225~~retail ~~and~~sales ~~$250~~of ~~million.~~Harley-Davidson ~~The~~motorcycles ~~Company~~of ~~plans~~130,000 to ~~continue~~135,000 tounits ~~invest~~as inthe ~~product~~Company ~~development~~believes ~~and~~global ~~capability~~dealer ~~enhancements~~retail ~~that~~inventory levels support ~~The~~the ~~Hardwire~~alignment ~~strategy~~of expected wholesale shipments with expected worldwide dealer retail sales of Harley-Davidson motorcycles. The Company's ~~focus~~expects ~~remains~~shipments onto ~~core~~be ~~product~~lower ~~innovation,~~in ~~investments~~the infirst ~~manufacturing~~and third quarters of 2026 as compared to ~~automate~~the same quarters in 2025, and ~~reduce~~it ~~costs~~expects shipments to ~~improve~~be ~~productivity~~higher asin ~~well~~the second and fourth quarters of 2026 as ~~planned~~compared ~~investments~~to ~~for~~the ~~LiveWire~~same quarters in 2025. 

The Company's ~~capital~~expects ~~allocation~~a ~~priorities~~reduced ~~are~~level toof ~~fund~~production ~~profitable~~in ~~growth~~light ~~through~~of ~~The~~the ~~Hardwire~~current ~~initiatives,~~retail toenvironment. ~~pay~~The ~~dividends,~~reduced ~~and~~level toof ~~execute~~production ~~share~~is ~~repurchases~~expected onto anegatively ~~discretionary~~impact ~~basis.~~HDMC ~~The~~operating ~~Company~~margins ~~plans~~due to ~~repurchase~~unfavorable ~~approximately~~manufacturing $1leverage ~~billion~~as offixed ~~shares~~costs onare aallocated ~~discretionary~~over ~~basis~~fewer units produced resulting in ~~aggregate~~a ~~from~~higher ~~the~~unit ~~third~~cost. ~~quarter~~As a result of ~~2024~~unfavorable ~~through~~manufacturing ~~the~~leverage ~~end~~and ofthe ~~2026.~~expected ~~The~~additional ~~Company~~cost ~~purchased~~of ~~$250~~new ~~million~~or ~~shares~~increased ontariffs for a ~~discretionary~~full ~~basis~~year, ~~during~~ the ~~third~~Company ~~and~~expects ~~fourth~~2026 ~~quarters~~HDMC ofoperating ~~2024~~results ~~and~~in ~~plans~~the torange ~~repurchase~~of $~~350~~40 million ~~shares~~operating onloss ato ~~discretionary~~$10 ~~basis~~million inoperating ~~2025~~income.

Longer term, assuming some improvement in macroeconomic conditions in 2026, the Company expects to deliver solid HDMC operating income margin improvement in 2026. Based on actions the Company took in 2024 and its expectations for 2025, the Company expects to align production, wholesale shipment and retail sales volumes in 2026. The Company expects ~~this~~LiveWire ~~will allow it to deliver low double-digit HDMC~~ operating ~~income~~loss ~~margin in 2026 increasing to 15% in the years following 2026, based on a combination~~ of ~~factors,~~$70 ~~including~~million ~~expected slight volume growth supported by exciting product portfolio launches every year. This is a change from the Company's previous plan~~ to ~~deliver~~$80 amillion ~~15%~~in ~~HDMC operating income margin by the end of 2025 which it would sustain for the full year~~ 2026.

The Company expects HDFS operating income of $45 million to $60 million in 2026, which compares to $490.4 million and $248.4 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively. The expected reduction in 2026 is related to the HDFS Transaction, which benefited 2025 HDFS operating income and reduced HDFS's retail finance receivables balance and, as a result, is expected to reduce interest income on a lower retail finance receivables balance. The Company expects HDFS to continue to increase its retail finance receivable base over the coming years as it continues to originate retail finance receivables held for investment. The anticipated increase in the retail finance receivable base will contribute to higher levels of HDFS operating income which the Company expects will reach approximately three times 2026 expected HDFS operating income in or around 2029.

In 2022, the Company set a cost productivity target to eliminate $400 million of incremental cost incurred since 2020 by 2025. The Company's efforts are focused on production efficiency, logistics network optimization and supplier cost optimization. This target originally included a positive impact from manufacturing leverage of approximately $50 million to $70 million based on an anticipated reduction in the fixed cost per motorcycle associated with increasing production volumes. Given the decrease in production volumes in 2023 and 2024, the Company adjusted the target in 2024 by removing the impact of manufacturing leverage and increasing productivity objectives in other areas to maintain the original target. In 2025, the Company extended its target to be more than $400 million by the end of 2026. Excluding the impact of manufacturing leverage, the Company achieved approximately $24 million, $123 million, $110 million, and $103 million of cost productivity savings in 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively, resulting in total productivity savings of $360 million since the beginning of 2022. The Company is committed to on-going efforts to increase productivity and is reevaluating its productivity targets in connection with the development of a new strategic plan it expects to share in the second quarter of 2026.

The Company is conducting a review of its cost base, including operating expenses, in light of the current retail and wholesale environment. The Company expects its review will identify opportunities for the Company to reduce its cost base that, when the Company acts on them, the Company expects will result in at least $150 million of total annual savings at its HDMC and HDFS segments compared to its current cost base. The Company expects to identify and act on the opportunities so that it will realize these cost savings beginning in 2027. The Company expects these savings to be incremental to the previously announced productivity savings the Company expects to achieve by the end of 2026, which the Company expects will continue into 2027.

The Company expects capital investments in 2026 of between $175 and $200 million.

The Company previously announced a plan to repurchase approximately $1 billion of shares on a discretionary basis in aggregate from the third quarter of 2024 through the end of 2026. The Company purchased $250 million shares on a discretionary basis during the third and fourth quarters of 2024 and $347 million shares on a discretionary basis in 2025, including $160 million of shares settled in 2025 pursuant to the $200 million ASR program. The Company remains committed to returning excess capital to shareholders in a disciplined and sustainable manner; however, the Company is pausing near-term discretionary share repurchases, with the exception of shares due to the Company under its ASR program at December 31, 2025 which were delivered on February 13, 2026, until it develops its new strategic plan that it expects to announce in the second quarter of 2026.

Results of Operations 2025 Compared to 2024

Consolidated Results


(in thousands, except earnings per share)	2025		2024		Increase (Decrease)
Operating income - HDMC	$	(28,731)	$	277,844	$	(306,575)
Operating loss - LiveWire	(75,016)		(109,639)		34,623
Operating income - HDFS	490,382		248,422		241,960
Operating income	386,635		416,627		(29,992)
Other income, net	61,270		72,295		(11,025)
Investment income	44,270		58,964		(14,694)
Interest expense	33,444		30,748		2,696
Income before income taxes	458,731		517,138		(58,407)
Income tax provision	129,577		71,963		57,614


Net income	329,154		445,175		(116,021)
Less: Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	9,584		10,182		(598)
Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.	$	338,738	$	455,357	$	(116,619)


Diluted earnings per share	$	2.78	$	3.44	$	(0.66)

The Company reported operating income of $386.6 million in 2025 compared to $416.6 million in 2024 due to lower operating results at the HDMC segment, partially offset by higher operating income at the HDFS segment and a lower operating loss at the LiveWire segment. The HDMC segment reported operating loss of $28.7 million compared to operating income of $277.8 million in 2024. Operating loss from the LiveWire segment decreased $34.6 million compared to 2024. Operating income from the HDFS segment increased $242.0 million compared to 2024. Refer to the HDMC segment, LiveWire segment and HDFS segment discussions for a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting operating results.

Other income, net was lower in 2025 compared to 2024 as the prior year was favorably impacted by income related to a decrease in the fair value of LiveWire's warrant liabilities which did not recur in 2025. Investment income decreased in 2025 as compared to 2024 driven by lower income from cash equivalents.

The Company's effective income tax rate for 2025 was a 28.2% expense compared to a 13.9% expense for 2024. The Company's 2025 effective tax rate was unfavorably impacted by valuation allowances recorded during 2025, which reduced deferred tax assets. This compares to the Company's 2024 effective tax rate which was favorably impacted by the mix of earnings from certain non-US jurisdictions that have a lower statutory tax rate or have beneficial tax holidays. Refer to Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company’s effective tax rate.

Diluted earnings per share was $2.78 in 2025 compared to $3.44 in 2024 with the decrease due to lower net income partially offset by the benefit of lower weighted average shares outstanding as compared to 2024. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding decreased from 132.3 million in 2024 to 121.3 million in 2025 primarily due to repurchases of common stock.

Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Retail Sales and Registration Data

Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Retail Sales(a)

Retail unit sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles were as follows:


	2025	2024	Increase (Decrease)	% Change
United States	82,698	94,930	(12,232)	(12.9)	%
Canada	6,434	7,093	(659)	(9.3)
North America	89,132	102,023	(12,891)	(12.6)
Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA)	21,454	24,082	(2,628)	(10.9)
Asia Pacific	18,975	22,213	(3,238)	(14.6)
Latin America	2,974	2,911	63	2.2
	132,535	151,229	(18,694)	(12.4)	%

(a)Data source for retail sales figures shown above is new sales warranty and registration information provided by dealers and compiled by the Company. The Company must rely on information that its dealers supply concerning new retail sales, and the Company does not regularly verify the information that its dealers supply. This information is subject to revision.

Worldwide retail sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles decreased 12.4% during 2025 compared to 2024 driven primarily by declines in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific.

The decline in North American retail sales was driven by lower retail sales in the United States, which continued to be negatively impacted by a challenging macroeconomic environment, including high interest rates and depressed consumer sentiment, adversely impacting consumer discretionary spending. In addition, the decline in retail sales was due in part to a positive impact in the prior year associated with the launch of the Company's redesigned 2024 new model year Touring motorcycles, which is the Company's highest volume motorcycle family. This was partially offset by a smaller decline in the Company's Cruiser models, which the Company refreshed in 2025. Retail sales in Asia Pacific and Europe were soft also primarily due to challenging macroeconomic conditions.

Worldwide retail inventory of new motorcycles was approximately 40,000 units at the end of 2025, which was down approximately 17% from the end of 2024 primarily due to more significant reductions of models other than Grand America Touring models, as dealers reduced inventory levels in the current retail environment which resulted in lower HDMC shipments in 2025 compared to 2024.

Motorcycle Registration Data - 601+cc(a)(d)

The Company's Harley-Davidson motorcycle U.S. market share of new 601+cc motorcycle registrations for 2025 was 34.5%, down 2.8 percentage points compared to 2024 (Source: Motorcycle Industry Council). The Company's Harley-Davidson motorcycle European market share of new 601+cc motorcycle registrations for 2025 was 3.4%, down 1.6 percentage points compared to 2024 (Source: Management Services Helwig Schmitt GmbH). Refer to Item 1. Business for additional market share information.

Industry registration data for new motorcycles was as follows:


	2025	2024	Increase	% Change
United States(b)	237,683	253,156	(15,473)	(6.1)	%
Europe(c)	431,390	516,260	(84,870)	(16.4)	%

(a)Data includes on-road models with internal combustion engines with displacements greater than 600cc's and electric motorcycles with kilowatt peak power equivalents greater than 600cc's (601+cc). On-road 601+cc models include dual purpose models, three-wheeled motorcycles and autocycles.

(b)United States industry data is derived from information provided by Motorcycle Industry Council. This third-party data is subject to revision and update.

(c)Europe data includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Industry data is derived from information provided by Management Services Helwig Schmitt GmbH. This third-party data is subject to revision and update.

(d)New motorcycle registrations for the industry and Harley-Davidson are provided by or derived from third-party sources. New motorcycle registrations include consumer registrations (retail registrations) and to a lesser extent manufacturer, distributor and dealer registrations (non-retail registrations), for example, to register demonstration fleets. In the later part of 2024, manufacturers (including the Company), distributors and dealers registered some motorcycles in Europe through non-retail registrations to qualify the motorcycles under the new Euro 5+ emissions standard to allow for subsequent retail sale after December 31, 2024. This included approximately 3,700 non-retail registrations of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles in 2024, which in turn adversely impacted the number of new Harley-Davidson motorcycle registrations during 2025. While the Company believes industry registrations for Europe in 2024 were impacted in a similar manner, it does not have access to competitor information necessary to confirm this.

HDMC Segment

Motorcycle Unit Shipments

Wholesale motorcycle unit shipments were as follows:


	2025			2024			Unit	Unit
	Units	Mix %		Units	Mix %		Increase (Decrease)	% Change
Motorcycle Units:
United States	77,982	62.6	%	94,075	63.2	%	(16,093)	(17.1)	%
International	46,495	37.4	%	54,787	36.8	%	(8,292)	(15.1)
	124,477	100.0	%	148,862	100.0	%	(24,385)	(16.4)	%
Motorcycle Units:
Grand American Touring(a)	69,252	55.6	%	85,757	57.6	%	(16,505)	(19.2)	%
Cruiser	41,172	33.1	%	46,235	31.1	%	(5,063)	(11.0)
Sport and Lightweight	9,638	7.8	%	12,335	8.3	%	(2,697)	(21.9)
Adventure Touring	4,415	3.5	%	4,535	3.0	%	(120)	(2.6)
	124,477	100.0	%	148,862	100.0	%	(24,385)	(16.4)	%

(a)Includes Trike

HDMC shipped 124,477 motorcycles worldwide during 2025, which was 16.4% lower than during 2024. Shipments to dealers in 2025 were lower than 2024 based on a planned decrease in motorcycle shipments and softer than expected retail demand as dealers adjusted inventory levels for the current retail environment. The Company shipped a greater proportion of its refreshed Cruiser models and a lower proportion of Grand American Touring models as the prior year included the launch of the Company's newly redesigned Touring motorcycles.

Segment Results

Condensed statements of operations for the HDMC segment were as follows (in thousands):


	2025			2024			Increase (Decrease)		% Change
Revenue:
Motorcycles	$	2,657,675		$	3,137,331		$	(479,656)	(15.3)	%
Parts and accessories	614,072			651,964			(37,892)		(5.8)
Apparel	215,783			237,270			(21,487)		(9.1)
Licensing	21,672			22,748			(1,076)		(4.7)
Other	69,106			72,593			(3,487)		(4.8)
	3,578,308			4,121,906			(543,598)		(13.2)
Cost of goods sold	2,711,716			2,967,068			(255,352)		(8.6)
Gross profit	866,592			1,154,838			(288,246)		(25.0)




Operating expenses	895,323			876,994			18,329		2.1	%
Operating income	$	(28,731)		$	277,844		$	(306,575)	(110.3)	%
Operating margin	(0.8)		%	6.7		%	(7.5)		pts.

The estimated impacts of the significant factors affecting the changes in revenue, cost of goods sold and gross profit from 2024 to 2025 were as follows (in millions):


	Revenue		Cost of Goods Sold		Gross Profit
2024	$	4,121.9	$	2,967.1	$	1,154.8
Volume	(603.1)		(413.9)		(189.2)
Price	3.6		—		3.6
Foreign currency exchange rates and hedging	14.2		(7.1)		21.3
Shipment mix	41.7		18.1		23.6
Raw material prices	—		(1.9)		1.9
Manufacturing and other costs	—		149.4		(149.4)
	(543.6)		(255.4)		(288.2)
2025	$	3,578.3	$	2,711.7	$	866.6

The following factors affected the changes in net revenue, cost of goods sold and gross profit from 2024 to 2025:

•The decrease in volume was primarily due to lower wholesale motorcycle shipments.

•Revenue was positively impacted by favorable pricing on new model year motorcycles as well as parts and accessories and apparel, partially offset by increased motorcycle incentives that were selectively introduced in 2025 to assist dealers in reducing dealer inventory levels in 2025 and into 2026 with a focus on reducing Grand American Touring dealer inventory.

•Revenue and gross profit were positively impacted by stronger foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar as well as favorable net foreign currency impacts associated with balance sheet remeasurements recorded in cost of goods sold.

•Changes in the shipment mix of motorcycles had a favorable impact on gross profit primarily driven by beneficial mix within families toward new limited edition models and models with upgrades and new features, partially offset by unfavorable impacts from shipping a lower proportion of Grand American Touring models.

•Raw material costs, excluding the impact of tariffs, were lower than in the prior year.

•Manufacturing and other costs were negatively impacted by unfavorable manufacturing leverage related to higher fixed costs per unit resulting from lower production and shipment volumes as well as higher tariff and logistics costs. These negative impacts were partially offset by supply-chain productivity gains.

Operating expenses were higher in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to increased marketing costs as the Company supported its dealers' marketing efforts during the riding season as well as costs related to the Company's proxy contest in connection with the 2025 annual meeting of shareholders, partially offset by lower people costs, including the cost of compensation and benefits, as well as lower product liability and warranty costs on lower volume.

LiveWire Segment

Segment Results

Condensed statements of operations for the LiveWire segment were as follows (in thousands, except unit shipments):


	2025		2024		(Decrease) Increase		% Change







Revenue	25,671		26,358		(687)		(2.6)
Cost of goods sold	30,105		38,872		(8,767)		(22.6)
Gross profit	(4,434)		(12,514)		8,080		(64.6)
Selling, administrative and engineering expense	70,582		97,125		(26,543)		(27.3)
Operating loss	$	(75,016)	$	(109,639)	$	34,623	(31.6)	%

LiveWire motorcycle unit shipments	653		612		41		6.7	%

During 2025, revenue decreased by $0.7 million, or 2.6%, compared to 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of promotional incentives, partially offset by higher electric motorcycle and electric balance bike volume. Cost of sales

decreased by $8.8 million, or 22.6%, during 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to lower downward inventory valuation adjustments on lower inventory purchases.

During 2025, selling, administrative and engineering expense decreased $26.5 million, or 27.3%, compared to 2024 largely as a result of cost reduction initiatives.

HDFS Segment

Segment Results

Condensed statements of operations for the HDFS segment were as follows (in thousands):


	2025		2024		(Decrease) Increase		% Change
HDFS revenue:
Interest income	$	668,490	$	890,836	$	(222,346)	(25.0)	%
Other income	200,706		147,702		53,004		35.9
	869,196		1,038,538		(169,342)		(16.3)
HDFS expenses:
Interest expense	388,636		371,766		16,870		4.5
Provision for credit losses	(191,392)		247,225		(438,617)		(177.4)
Operating expenses	181,570		171,125		10,445		6.1

	378,814		790,116		(411,302)		(52.1)
Operating income	$	490,382	$	248,422	$	241,960	97.4	%

Interest income was lower in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to lower average outstanding retail finance receivables at a higher average yield and lower average outstanding wholesale receivables at a lower average yield. Other income increased largely due to a gain on sale of residual interests in securitizations, servicing income earned as a result of the HDFS Transaction, and higher net premiums earned by Eaglemark Insurance Company Ltd. (EICL), the Company's insurance captive that reinsures several Harley-Davidson-branded voluntary protection products provided by unaffiliated third parties. Interest expense increased primarily due to $72.6 million in debt extinguishment costs, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense on outstanding debt. The debt extinguishment costs and declines in outstanding retail finance receivables and debt were primarily a result of the HDFS Transaction.

The provision for credit losses decreased $438.6 million compared to 2024 primarily due to a release of the allowance for credit losses associated with loans sold in conjunction with the HDFS Transaction combined with favorable actual credit losses and reserve impacts due to the smaller retail portfolio. The allowance for credit losses considers current economic conditions and the Company's outlook on future conditions. At the end of 2025, the Company's outlook on economic conditions and its probability weighting of its economic forecast scenarios was weighted toward more pessimistic scenarios given continued challenging macro-economic conditions, including a persistently high interest rate environment and muted consumer confidence. The Company's expectations surrounding its economic forecasts may change in future periods as additional information becomes available.

On a managed basis, which considers all loans serviced by the Company, annual retail credit losses on the Company's retail motorcycle loans were 3.37% during 2025 compared to 3.31% in 2024. The 30-day managed basis delinquency rate for retail motorcycle loans increased to 5.77% at December 31, 2025 from 5.34% at December 31, 2024. The unfavorable managed basis retail credit loss and delinquency performance were driven by several factors connected to the macro-economic environment and the related customer and industry dynamics, including the impact of higher motorcycle payments and general inflationary pressures on retail customers. Additionally, while recovery values at auction have stabilized, values continue to run below historical levels.

Wholesale credit losses were $4.8 million higher than in 2024 driven by the charge-off of finance receivables at several troubled dealers.

Operating expenses increased $10.4 million in 2025 primarily due to an increase in insurance claim costs incurred by EICL as well as HDFS employee costs.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables were as follows (in thousands):


	2025		2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	401,183	$	381,966
Provision for credit losses	(191,392)		247,225
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	(132,009)		(228,008)
Sale of Residual Interests in Securitizations	(75,547)		—
Balance, end of period	$	2,235	$	401,183

At December 31, 2025, the allowance for credit losses on retail finance receivables was $(22.3) million compared to $378.4 million at December 31, 2024. The allowance for credit losses on the retail motorcycle loan portfolio was in an asset position at December 31, 2025 as estimated recoveries from retail finance receivables previously charged-off exceeded the allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment. The allowance for credit losses on wholesale finance receivables was $24.6 million at December 31, 2025 and $22.8 million at December 31, 2024.

Refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company’s allowance for credit losses on finance receivables.

Results of Operations 2024 Compared to 2023

Consolidated Results


(in thousands, except earnings per share)	2024		2023		Increase (Decrease)
Operating income - HDMC	$	277,844	$	661,151	$	(383,307)
Operating loss - LiveWire	(109,639)		(116,809)		7,170
Operating income - HDFS	248,422		234,742		13,680
Operating income	416,627		779,084		(362,457)
Other income, net	72,295		71,808		487
Investment income	58,964		46,771		12,193
Interest expense	30,748		30,787		(39)
Income before income taxes	517,138		866,876		(349,738)
Income tax provision	71,963		171,830		(99,867)


Net income	445,175		695,046		(249,871)
Less: Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	10,182		11,540		(1,358)
Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.	$	455,357	$	706,586	$	(251,229)


Diluted earnings per share	$	3.44	$	4.87	$	(1.43)

The Company reported lower operating income of $416.6 million in 2024 compared to $779.1 million in 2023 due to lower operating income at the HDMC segment partially offset by improved operating results at the HDFS and LiveWire segments. The HDMC segment reported operating income of $277.8 million compared to $661.2 million in 2023. Operating loss from the LiveWire segment decreased $7.2 million compared to 2023. Operating income from the HDFS segment increased $13.7 million compared to 2023. Refer to the HDMC segment, LiveWire segment and HDFS segment discussions for a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting operating results.

Other income, net in 2024 was impacted by income related to a decrease in the fair value of LiveWire's warrant liabilities in 2024 compared to an increase in 2023, partially offset by lower non-operating income related to the Company's defined benefit plans. Investment income increased in 2024 as compared to 2023 driven by higher income from cash equivalents.

The Company's effective income tax rate for 2024 was a 13.9% expense compared to a 19.8% expense for 2023. The Company's 2024 effective tax rate was favorably impacted by the mix of earnings from certain non-US jurisdictions that have a lower statutory tax rate or have beneficial tax holidays and tax benefits related to continued investment in research and development. Refer to Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company’s effective tax rate.

Diluted earnings per share was $3.44 in 2024 compared to $4.87 in 2023 with the decrease due to lower net income partially offset by the benefit of lower weighted average shares outstanding as compared to 2023. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding decreased from 145.1 million in 2023 to 132.3 million in 2024 primarily due to repurchases of common stock.

Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Retail Sales and Registration Data

Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Retail Sales(a)

Retail unit sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles were as follows:


	2024	2023	Increase (Decrease)	% Change
United States	94,930	98,468	(3,538)	(3.6)	%
Canada	7,093	7,422	(329)	(4.4)
North America	102,023	105,890	(3,867)	(3.7)
Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA)	24,082	27,005	(2,923)	(10.8)
Asia Pacific	22,213	26,953	(4,740)	(17.6)
Latin America	2,911	2,923	(12)	(0.4)
	151,229	162,771	(11,542)	(7.1)	%

Worldwide retail sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles decreased 7.1% during 2024 compared to 2023 driven primarily by declines in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific.

The decline in North American retail sales was driven by lower retail sales in the United States, which were negatively impacted by a continued challenging macroeconomic environment that included high interest rates adversely impacting consumer discretionary spending. Retail sales in Asia Pacific and Europe were soft also primarily due to challenging macroeconomic conditions. In Asia Pacific, the decline in retail sales was primarily due to lower sales in Japan and China, while lower retail unit sales in Europe were driven by declines in Germany and the surrounding region.

Despite the overall decline in retail sales, North America retail sales of Grand American Touring motorcycles, including Trike motorcycles, increased more than 8% in 2024 compared to 2023 as the Company introduced updated Grand American Touring motorcycles and continued to focus on its most profitable products.

Worldwide retail inventory of new motorcycles was approximately 48,000 units at the end of 2024, which iswas down approximately 5% from the end of 2023. ~~Retail inventory of new motorcycles is based on dealer inventory units at the end of each period.~~

Motorcycle Registration Data - 601+cc(a)(d)

The Company's Harley-Davidson motorcycle U.S. market share of new 601+cc motorcycle registrations for 2024 was 37.3%, down 0.6 percentage points compared to 2023 (Source: Motorcycle Industry Council). The Company's Harley-Davidson motorcycle European market share of new 601+cc motorcycle registrations for 2024 was 5.0%, up 0.2 percentage points compared to 2023 (Source: Management Services Helwig Schmitt GmbH). Refer to Item 1. Business for additional market share information.

Industry registration data for new motorcycles was as follows:


	2024	2023	Increase	% Change
United States(b)	253,156	256,710	(3,554)	(1.4)	%
Europe(c)	516,260	473,486	42,774	9.0	%

(b)United States industry data is derived from information provided by Motorcycle Industry Council. This third-party data is subject to revision and update.

3439

(d)New motorcycle registrations for the industry and Harley-Davidson are provided by or derived from third-party sources. New motorcycle registrations include consumer registrations (retail registrations) and to a lesser extent manufacturer, distributor and dealer registrations (non-retail registrations), for example, to register demonstration fleets. In the later part of 2024, manufacturers (including the Company), distributors and dealers registered some motorcycles in Europe through non-retail registrations to qualify the motorcycles under the new Euro 5+ emissions standard to allow for subsequent retail sale after December 31, 2024. As a result, Harley-Davidson new motorcycle registrations for Europe in 2024 included a higher proportion of non-retail registrations in 2024 compared to 2023 ~~and 2022~~. While the Company believes industry registrations for Europe in 2024 were impacted in a similar manner, it does not have access to competitor information necessary to confirm this.

HDMC Segment

Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Unit Shipments

Wholesale motorcycle unit shipments were as follows:


	2024			2023			Unit	Unit
	Units	Mix %		Units	Mix %		Increase (Decrease)	% Change
Motorcycle Units:
United States	94,075	63.2	%	113,867	63.3	%	(19,792)	(17.4)	%
International	54,787	36.8	%	66,117	36.7	%	(11,330)	(17.1)
	148,862	100.0	%	179,984	100.0	%	(31,122)	(17.3)	%
Motorcycle Units:
Grand American Touring(a)	85,757	57.6	%	92,683	51.6	%	(6,926)	(7.5)	%
Cruiser	46,235	31.1	%	63,945	35.5	%	(17,710)	(27.7)
Sport and Lightweight	12,335	8.3	%	18,228	10.1	%	(5,893)	(32.3)
Adventure Touring	4,535	3.0	%	5,128	2.8	%	(593)	(11.6)
	148,862	100.0	%	179,984	100.0	%	(31,122)	(17.3)	%

(a)Includes Trike

HDMC shipped 148,862 motorcycles worldwide during 2024, which was 17.3% lower than during 2023. The reduction in shipments was consistent with the Company's plan for 2024, which included aligning wholesale and retail sales as dealers and the Company acted to adjust dealer inventory levels for the current retail environment.

The motorcycles shipped during 2024 compared to 2023 included a higher mix of Grand American Touring motorcycles as a percent of total shipments to improve availability of models most desired by customers following the introduction of all-new Grand American Touring motorcycles.

Segment Results

Condensed statements of operations for the HDMC segment were as follows (in thousands):

	2024			2023			Increase(Decrease)		%Change
Revenue:
Motorcycles	$	3,137,331		$	3,798,977		$	(661,646)	(17.4)	%
Parts and accessories	651,964			~~698,095~~$	698,095		(46,131)		(6.6)
Apparel	237,270			~~244,333~~$	244,333		(7,063)		(2.9)
Licensing	22,748			~~28,599~~$	28,599		(5,851)		(20.5)
Other	72,593			~~74,590~~$	74,590		(1,997)		(2.7)
	4,121,906			~~4,844,594~~$	4,844,594		(722,688)		(14.9)
Cost of goods sold	2,967,068			~~3,278,052~~$	3,278,052		(310,984)		(9.5)
Gross profit	1,154,838			~~1,566,542~~$	1,566,542		(411,704)		(26.3)
Operating expenses	876,994			~~905,391~~$	905,391		(28,397)		(3.1)	%
Operating income	$	277,844		$	661,151		$	(383,307)	(58.0)	%
Operating margin	6.7		%	13.6		%	(6.9)		pts.

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The estimated impacts of the significant factors affecting the changes in revenue, cost of goods sold and gross profit from 2023 to 2024 were as follows (in millions):


	Revenue		Cost of Goods Sold		Gross Profit
2023	$	4,844.6	$	3,278.1	$	1,566.5
Volume	(736.5)		(495.7)		(240.8)
Price	(33.1)		—		(33.1)
Foreign currency exchange rates and hedging	(17.5)		(0.8)		(16.7)
Shipment mix	64.4		73.4		(9.0)
Raw material prices	—		(14.4)		14.4
Manufacturing and other costs	—		126.5		(126.5)
	(722.7)		(311.0)		(411.7)
2024	$	4,121.9	$	2,967.1	$	1,154.8

The following factors affected the changes in net revenue, cost of goods sold and gross profit from 2023 to 2024:

•The decrease in volume was primarily due to lower wholesale motorcycle shipments.

•Revenue was adversely impacted by the elimination of the pricing surcharge late in 2023 and a fine-tuned pricing strategy for 2024 partially offset by higher promotional costs in the fourth quarter of 2023 that did not recur in 2024.

•Revenue and gross profit were negatively impacted by weaker foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar as well as less favorable net foreign currency impacts associated with balance sheet remeasurements recorded in cost of goods sold.

•Changes in the shipment mix of motorcycles had a favorable impact on revenue due primarily to a shift away from Cruiser models to higher priced Grand American Touring models during 2024 compared to 2023. The impact of shipment mix on gross profit was adversely impacted by incremental costs primarily within the Grand American Touring motorcycle family related to new product features and upgrades included on the Company's model year 2024 motorcycles. Shipment mix was also negatively impacted by unfavorable changes in mix within apparel and licensing.

•Raw material costs were lower than in the prior year.

•Manufacturing and other costs were negatively impacted by unfavorable manufacturing leverage related to higher fixed costs per unit resulting from lower production volumes, continued moderate inflation and payment of a ratification bonus related to new collective bargaining agreements with hourly employees in Wisconsin. These negative impacts were partially offset by supply-chain productivity gains.

Operating expenses were lower in 2024 compared to 2023 due to lower people costs, including the cost of compensation and benefits, and decreases in other discretionary spending as the Company continued to focus on cost discipline and increased productivity.

LiveWire Segment

Segment Results

Condensed statements of operations for the LiveWire segment were as follows (in thousands, except unit shipments):


	2024		2023		(Decrease) Increase		% Change





Revenue	26,358		38,298		(11,940)		(31.2)
Cost of goods sold	38,872		44,254		(5,382)		(12.2)
Gross profit	(12,514)		(5,956)		(6,558)		110.1
Selling, administrative and engineering expense	97,125		110,853		(13,728)		(12.4)
Operating loss	$	(109,639)	$	(116,809)	$	7,170	(6.1)	%

LiveWire motorcycle unit shipments	612		660		(48)		(7.3)	%

During 2024, revenue decreased by $11.9 million, or 31.2%, compared to 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower volumes of electric balance bikes and electric motorcycles as well as a lower average prices on electric motorcycles. Cost of sales decreased by $5.4 million, or 12.2%, during 2024 compared to 2023 on lower volumes of electric balance bikes and electric motorcycles.

3641

sales decreased by $5.4 million, or 12.2%, during 2024 compared to 2023 on lower volumes of electric balance bikes and electric motorcycles.

During 2024, selling, administrative and engineering expense decreased $13.7 million, or 12.4%, compared to 2023 largely as a result of lower product development costs and cost reduction initiatives.

HDFS Segment

Segment Results

Condensed statements of operations for the HDFS segment were as follows (in thousands):


	2024		2023		(Decrease) Increase		% Change
HDFS revenue:
Interest income	$	890,836	$	802,078	$	88,758	11.1	%
Other income	147,702		151,508		(3,806)		(2.5)
	1,038,538		953,586		84,952		8.9
HDFS expenses:
Interest expense	371,766		332,380		39,386		11.8
Provision for credit losses	247,225		227,158		20,067		8.8
Operating expenses	171,125		159,306		11,819		7.4

	790,116		718,844		71,272		9.9
Operating income	$	248,422	$	234,742	$	13,680	5.8	%

Interest income was higher in 2024 compared to 2023, primarily due to higher average outstanding finance receivables at a higher average yield. Other income decreased largely due to lower licensing revenue partially offset by higher insurance-related income. Interest expense increased due to higher average interest rates on higher outstanding debt and deposits.

The provision for credit losses increased $20.1 million compared to 2023 due to higher actual retail and wholesale credit losses partially offset by a favorable change in the allowance for credit losses. The favorable change in the allowance for credit losses was largely due to a decrease in retail receivables, partially offset by a larger increase in the wholesale reserve on increased portfolio risk, as compared to 2023. The allowance for credit losses ~~considers~~considered current economic conditions and the Company's outlook on future conditions. At the end of 2024, the Company's outlook on economic conditions and its probability weighting of its economic forecast scenarios was weighted toward more pessimistic scenarios given continued challenging macro-economic conditions, including a persistently high interest rate environment and muted consumer confidence. The Company's expectations surrounding its economic forecasts may change in future periods as additional information becomes available.

Annual retail credit losses on the Company's retail motorcycle loans were 3.31% during 2024 compared to 3.00% in 2023. The 30-day delinquency rate for retail motorcycle loans at December 31, 2024 increased to 5.34% from 5.09% at December 31, 2023. The unfavorable retail credit loss and delinquency performance were driven by several factors connected to the macro-economic environment and the related customer and industry dynamics, including the impact of higher motorcycle payments and general inflationary pressures on retail customers. Additionally, the Company ~~continues~~continued to experience downward pressure on recovery values at auction. Wholesale credit losses were $1.5 million higher than 2023 driven by the charge-off of finance receivables related to two troubled dealers.

Operating expenses were higher in 2024 compared to 2023 due in part to increased repossession costs, insurance-related expenses, and foreign currency losses, partially offset by lower employee-related costs.

3742

Changes in the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables were as follows (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	381,966	$	358,711

Provision for credit losses	247,225		227,158
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	(228,008)		(203,903)
Balance, end of period	$	401,183	$	381,966

At December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables was $378.4 million for retail receivables and $22.8 million for wholesale receivables. At December 31, 2023, the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables was $367.0 million for retail receivables and $14.9 million for wholesale receivables.

Refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company’s allowance for credit losses on finance receivables.

~~Results of Operations 2023 Compared to 2022~~ 43

Consolidated Results

(in thousands, except earnings per share)	2023		2022		Increase(Decrease)
Operating income - HDMC	$	661,151	$	677,087	$	(15,936)
Operating loss - LiveWire	(116,809)		(85,315)		(31,494)
Operating income - HDFS	234,742		317,506		(82,764)
Operating income	779,084		909,278		(130,194)
Other income, net	71,808		48,652		23,156
Investment income	46,771		4,538		42,233
Interest expense	30,787		31,235		(448)
Income before income taxes	866,876		931,233		(64,357)
Income tax provision	171,830		192,019		(20,189)
Net income	695,046		739,214		(44,168)
Less: Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	11,540		2,194		9,346
Net income attributable to Harley-Davidson, Inc.	$	706,586	$	741,408	$	(34,822)
Diluted earnings per share	$	4.87	$	4.96	$	(0.09)

The Company reported operating income of $779.1 million in 2023 compared to $909.3 million in 2022. The HDMC segment reported operating income of $661.2 million compared to $677.1 million in 2022. Operating loss from the LiveWire segment increased $31.5 million compared to 2022. Operating income from the HDFS segment decreased $82.8 million compared to 2022. Refer to the HDMC Segment, LiveWire Segment and HDFS Segment discussions for a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting operating results.

Other income, net in 2023 was impacted by higher non-operating income related to the Company's defined benefit plans, partially offset by a loss related to an increase in the fair value of LiveWire's warrants. Investment income increased in 2023 as compared to 2022 driven by higher income from cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities.

The Company's effective income tax rate for 2023 was a 19.8% expense compared to a 20.6% expense for 2022. The Company's 2023 effective tax rate was favorably impacted by discrete income tax benefits recorded during the year. Refer to Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company’s effective tax rate.

Diluted earnings per share was $4.87 in 2023 compared to $4.96 in 2022. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding decreased from 149.4 million in 2022 to 145.1 million in 2023 primarily due to repurchases of common stock, which benefited diluted earnings per share.

Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Retail Sales and Registration Data

Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Retail Sales(a)

Retail unit sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles were as follows:

	2023	2022	Increase(Decrease)	% Change
United States	98,468	109,190	(10,722)	(9.8)	%
Canada	7,422	7,924	(502)	(6.3)
North America	105,890	117,114	(11,224)	(9.6)
Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA)	27,005	30,510	(3,505)	(11.5)
Asia Pacific	26,953	27,905	(952)	(3.4)
Latin America	2,923	2,922	1	—
	162,771	178,451	(15,680)	(8.8)	%

Worldwide retail sales of new motorcycles decreased 8.8% during 2023 compared to 2022 driven primarily by a decline in North America.

North America retail sales were adversely impacted by macro-economic conditions and changes in product as the Company focused on more profitable models. During 2023, the Company believes high interest rates continued to impact consumer discretionary purchases. Additionally, retail sales were impacted by the discontinuation of legacy Sportster models at the end of 2022 as the Company shifted to the more profitable Sport models in 2023. The decline in EMEA was primarily driven by challenging economic conditions and a planned unit mix shift towards more profitable core motorcycle models. In Asia Pacific, retail sales growth was strong in the first half of the year, but slowed in the second half of the year, with modest annual growth in Japan offset by a decline in Australia and South Korea.

Worldwide retail inventory of new motorcycles was up approximately 55% at the end of the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to the end of the fourth quarter of 2022, but remained nearly 15% lower than levels experienced at the end of the fourth quarter of 2019. Changes in retail inventory of new motorcycles are calculated based on units at the end of each quarter.

The Company's Harley-Davidson motorcycle U.S. market share of new 601+cc motorcycles for 2023 was 37.9%, down 3.3 percentage points compared to 2022 (Source: Motorcycle Industry Council). The Company's Harley-Davidson motorcycle European market share of new 601+cc motorcycles for 2023 was 4.8%, down 1.3 percentage points compared to 2022 (Source: Management Services Helwig Schmitt GmbH).

Motorcycle Registration Data - 601+cc(a)

	2023	2022	Increase	% Change
United States(b)	256,710	264,367	(7,657)	(2.9)	%
Europe(c)	473,486	406,145	67,341	16.6	%

(b)United States industry data is derived from information provided by Motorcycle Industry Council. This third-party data is subject to revision and update.

HDMC Segment

Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Unit Shipments

Wholesale motorcycle unit shipments were as follows:

	2023			2022			Unit	Unit
	Units	Mix %		Units	Mix %		Increase (Decrease)	% Change
Motorcycle Units:
United States	113,867	63.3	%	118,836	61.4	%	(4,969)	(4.2)	%
International	66,117	36.7	%	74,691	38.6	%	(8,574)	(11.5)
	179,984	100.0	%	193,527	100.0	%	(13,543)	(7.0)	%
Motorcycle Units:
Grand American Touring(a)	92,683	51.6	%	89,849	46.4	%	2,834	3.2	%
Cruiser	63,945	35.5	%	59,010	30.5	%	4,935	8.4
Sport and Lightweight	18,228	10.1	%	33,894	17.5	%	(15,666)	(46.2)
Adventure Touring	5,128	2.8	%	10,774	5.6	%	(5,646)	(52.4)
	179,984	100.0	%	193,527	100.0	%	(13,543)	(7.0)	%

(a)Includes CVOTM and Trike

HDMC shipped 179,984 motorcycles worldwide during 2023, which was 7.0% lower than during 2022 and in line with the decrease in retail sales during 2023. HDMC's shipments during 2023 were adversely impacted by market conditions and the discontinuation of legacy Sportster models in North America at the end of 2022 as the Company shifted to more profitable Sport models in 2023.

The motorcycles shipped during 2023 compared to 2022 included a higher mix of Grand American Touring and Cruiser motorcycles as a percent of total shipments and a lower mix of Sport and Lightweight and Adventure Touring motorcycles reflecting the Company's focus on more profitable models. A limited number of select model year 2024 motorcycles, representing approximately 2% of total 2023 shipments, were shipped in late 2023 to better position Harley-Davidson dealers for the launch of the new 2024 model year motorcycles.

Segment Results

Condensed statements of operations for the HDMC segment were as follows (in thousands):

	2023			2022			Increase(Decrease)		%Change
Revenue:
Motorcycles	$	3,798,977		$	3,787,484		$	11,493	0.3	%
Parts and accessories	698,095			$	731,645		(33,550)		(4.6)
Apparel	244,333			$	271,107		(26,774)		(9.9)
Licensing	28,599			$	39,423		(10,824)		(27.5)
Other	74,590			$	58,013		16,577		28.6
	4,844,594			$	4,887,672		(43,078)		(0.9)
Cost of goods sold	3,278,052			$	3,359,799		(81,747)		(2.4)
Gross profit	1,566,542			$	1,527,873		38,669		2.5
Operating expenses	905,391			$	850,786		54,605		6.4	%
Operating income (loss)	$	661,151		$	677,087		$	(15,936)	(2.4)	%
Operating margin	13.6		%	13.9		%	(0.3)		pts.

	Revenue		Cost of Goods Sold		Gross Profit
2022	$	4,887.7	$	3,359.8	$	1,527.9
Volume	(364.0)		(232.8)		(131.2)
Price	139.0		—		139.0
Foreign currency exchange rates and hedging	(26.7)		27.3		(54.0)
Shipment mix	208.6		75.6		133.0
Raw material prices	—		(38.2)		38.2
Manufacturing and other costs	—		86.4		(86.4)
	(43.1)		(81.7)		38.6
2023	$	4,844.6	$	3,278.1	$	1,566.5

The following factors affected the change in net revenue, cost of goods sold and gross profit from 2022 to 2023:

•The decrease in volume was primarily due to lower wholesale motorcycle shipments.

•Revenue benefited from higher prices on new model year 2023 motorcycles partially offset by higher promotional costs in the fourth quarter of 2023. A portion of these promotional costs involved promotions that will continue into calendar year 2024 to promote the sale of model year 2023 carryover inventory at dealers.

•Revenue and gross profit were negatively impacted by weaker foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar as well as less favorable net foreign currency impacts associated with hedging and balance sheet remeasurements recorded in cost of goods sold.

•Changes in the shipment mix had a favorable impact on gross profit.

•Raw material costs benefited from a decline in prices, primarily related to metals.

•Manufacturing and other costs were negatively impacted by continued moderate inflation, higher costs associated with producing fewer units than in 2022 and supply challenges, partially offset by productivity savings, including a reduced reliance on expedited modes of freight.

Operating expenses were higher in 2023 compared to 2022 as the Company continued to execute Hardware strategic priorities and included higher spending related to marketing and advertising and employee-related costs.

LiveWire Segment

Segment Results

	2023	2022	(Decrease)Increase		% Change
Revenue	38,298	46,833	(8,535)		(18.2)
Cost of goods sold	44,254	43,929	325		0.7
Gross profit	(5,956)	2,904	(8,860)		(305.1)
Selling, administrative and engineering expense	110,853	88,219	22,634		25.7
Operating loss	(116,809)	(85,315)	$	(31,494)	36.9	%
LiveWire motorcycle unit shipments	660	597	63		10.6	%

During 2023, revenue decreased by $8.5 million, or 18.2%, compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily due to lower volumes of electric balance bikes and lower average prices on electric motorcycles, partially offset by higher volumes of electric motorcycles. Cost of sales increased by $0.3 million, or 0.7%, during 2023 compared to 2022 on higher volumes of electric motorcycles.

During 2023, selling, administrative and engineering expense increased $22.6 million, or 25.7%, compared to 2022 driven by higher product development costs as well as higher costs associated with standing up the new organization.

HDFS Segment

Segment Results

	2023		2022		(Decrease)Increase		% Change
HDFS revenue:
Interest income	$	802,078	$	693,615	$	108,463	15.6	%
Other income	151,508		127,010		24,498		19.3
	953,586		820,625		132,961		16.2
HDFS expenses:
Interest expense	332,380		217,653		114,727		52.7
Provision for credit losses	227,158		145,133		82,025		56.5
Operating expenses	159,306		140,333		18,973		13.5
	718,844		503,119		215,725		42.9
Operating income	$	234,742	$	317,506	$	(82,764)	(26.1)	%

Interest income was higher in 2023 compared to 2022, primarily due to higher average outstanding finance receivables at a higher average yield. Other income increased largely driven by higher investment and licensing income, partially offset by unfavorable insurance revenue. Interest expense increased due to higher average outstanding debt at higher average interest rates.

The provision for credit losses increased $82.0 million compared to 2022 on higher actual retail credit losses and an increase in the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses increased on a higher reserve rate resulting from unfavorable loss performance and the Company’s outlook on economic conditions, partially offset by lower receivables growth. The Company’s probability weighting of its economic forecast scenarios was weighted towards a near-term recession given continued challenging macro-economic conditions including a persistently high interest rate environment, ongoing elevated inflation levels and muted consumer confidence. The Company’s expectations surrounding its economic forecasts may change in future periods as additional information becomes available.

Annual losses on the Company's retail motorcycle loans were 3.00% during 2023 compared to 1.88% in 2022. The 30-day delinquency rate for retail motorcycle loans at December 31, 2023 increased to 5.09% from 4.50% at December 31, 2022. The unfavorable retail credit loss and delinquency performance were driven by several factors connected to the macro-economic environment and the related customer and industry dynamics, including the impact of higher motorcycle payments and general inflationary pressures on customers. Additionally, the Company continued to experience downward pressure on recovery values at auction.

Operating expenses were higher in 2023 compared to 2022 due in part to higher employee-related and repossession costs combined with a loss resulting from a change in value of a securitization interest rate cap derivative.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables were as follows (in thousands):

	2023		2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	358,711	$	339,379
Provision for credit losses	227,158		145,133
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	(203,903)		(125,801)
Balance, end of period	$	381,966	$	358,711

At December 31, 2023, the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables was $367.0 million for retail receivables and $14.9 million for wholesale receivables. At December 31, 2022, the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables was $345.3 million for retail receivables and $13.4 million for wholesale receivables.

Refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company’s allowance for credit losses on finance receivables.

Other Matters

New Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for a discussion of new accounting standards that will become effective for the Company in the future.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company’s financial statements are based on the selection and application of significant accounting policies, which require management to make significant estimates and assumptions. Management believes that the following are the critical judgment areas in the application of accounting policies that currently affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit and Finance Committee of the Company's Board of Directors.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Retail Finance Receivables – The allowance for credit losses on retail finance receivables represents the Company’s estimate of lifetime losses, net of recoveries, for its retail finance receivables.

The retail portfolio primarily consists of a large number of small balance, homogeneous finance receivables. The Company performs a collective evaluation of the adequacy of the retail allowance for credit losses. The Company utilizes aweighted-average remaining maturity and vintage-based loss forecast ~~methodology~~methodologies. ~~that~~Vintage-based ~~includes~~forecasts include decompositions for probability of default, exposure at default, attrition rate, and recovery balance rate. Reasonable and supportable economic forecasts for a one- or two-year period are incorporated into the ~~methodology~~methodologies to reflect the estimated impact of changes in future economic conditions, such as unemployment rates, household obligations or other relevant factors, over the ~~two-year~~ reasonable and supportable period. For periods beyond the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecasts, the Company reverts to its average historical loss experience immediately or using a mean-reversion process over a three-year period. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, or term as well as other relevant factors.

Refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company’s allowance for credit losses on finance receivables.

Product Recalls – The estimated costs associated with voluntary recalls are recorded when the liability is both probable and estimable. The accrued cost of a recall is based on an estimate of the cost to repair each affected motorcycle and the number of motorcycles expected to be repaired based on historical data concerning the percentage of affected customers that take advantage of recall offers. As actual experience becomes available, it is used to update the accruals.

The factors affecting actual recall costs can be volatile. As a result, actual recall costs may differ from estimates, which could lead to material changes in the Company’s accrued recall costs. The Company’s recall liabilities are discussed further in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements.

Pensions and Other Postretirement Healthcare Benefits – The Company has a defined benefit pension plan and postretirement healthcare benefit plans, which cover certain eligible employees and retirees. The Company also has unfunded supplemental employee retirement plan agreements (SERPA) with certain employees.

U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires that companies recognize in their consolidated balance sheets a liability for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans that are underfunded or an asset for defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans that are overfunded.

Pension, SERPA and postretirement healthcare obligations and costs are calculated through actuarial valuations. The valuation of benefit obligations and net periodic benefit costs relies on key assumptions including discount rates, mortality, long-term expected return on plan assets, future compensation and healthcare cost trend rates.

4344

The Company determines its discount rate assumptions by referencing high-quality long-term bond rates that are matched to the duration of its benefit obligations. Based on this analysis, the Company ~~increased~~decreased the weighted-average discount rate for pension and SERPA obligations from 5.3165% as of December 31, ~~2023~~2024 to 5.6555% as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025. The Company ~~increased~~decreased the weighted-average discount rate for postretirement healthcare obligations from 5.3663% as of December 31, ~~2023~~2024 to 5.6339% as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025. The Company determines its healthcare trend assumption for the postretirement healthcare obligation by considering factors such as estimated healthcare inflation, the utilization of healthcare benefits and changes in the health of plan participants. Based on the Company’s assessment of this data as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company set its healthcare cost trend rate for the upcoming year at 6.8927% as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025. The Company expects the healthcare cost trend rate to reach its ultimate rate of 5.00% by 2033.(1) These assumption changes were reflected immediately in the benefit obligation and will be amortized into net periodic benefit costs over future periods.

Plan assets are measured at fair value and are subject to market volatility. In estimating the expected return on plan assets, the Company considers the historical returns on plan assets, adjusted to reflect the current view of the long-term investment market.

Changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans resulting from the difference between assumptions and actual results are initially recognized in other comprehensive income and amortized to expense or income over future periods. Sensitivity to changes in major assumptions used in the pension and postretirement healthcare obligations and costs was as follows (in thousands):

Amounts basedon currentassumptions

Impact of a 1%decrease in thediscount rate

Impact of a 1%increase in thehealthcare cost trend rate

Impact of a 1%decrease in theexpected return on assets

2024 Net periodic benefit cost (income):

2025 Net periodic benefit cost (income):

Pension and SERPA

(4744,~~297~~511)

~~(771)~~9,451

n/a

2120,~~390~~508

Postretirement healthcare

(810,~~433~~539)

58380

~~635~~779

2,~~374~~441

2024 Benefit obligations:

2025 Benefit obligations:

Pension and SERPA

1,~~506~~493,~~747~~776

~~166~~161,~~071~~287

n/a

Postretirement healthcare

~~191~~172,~~747~~254

1413,~~424~~469

4,~~720~~881

n/a

The impact of a 1% decrease in the discount rate on net periodic benefit income includes aan ~~favorable~~unfavorable impact on ~~interest~~the ~~cost~~amortization of unrecognized net actuarial losses, an unfavorable impact on service cost and ana ~~unfavorable~~favorable impact on ~~the~~interest ~~amortization of unrecognized net actuarial losses~~cost. The amounts based on current assumptions above exclude the impact of settlements and curtailments. This information should not be viewed as predictive of future amounts. The calculations of pension, SERPA and postretirement healthcare obligations and costs are based on many factors in addition to those discussed here. This information should be considered in combination with the information provided in Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes (Topic 740). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company reviews its deferred income tax asset valuation allowances on a quarterly basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred income tax asset is considered, along with any positive or negative evidence including tax law changes. Since future financial results and tax law may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and ~~numerous~~ foreign jurisdictions. These tax laws and regulations are complex and significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related deferred tax assets and liabilities.

In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Accruals for unrecognized tax benefits are provided for in accordance with the requirements of Topic 740. An unrecognized tax benefit represents the difference between the recognition of benefits related to items for income tax reporting purposes and financial reporting purposes. The unrecognized tax benefit is included within Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. The Company has a liability for interest and penalties on exposure items, if applicable, which is recorded as a component of the overall income tax provision. The Company is regularly audited by tax authorities as a normal course of business. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the Company believes that ~~it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provision includes amounts~~

4445

it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provision includes amounts sufficient to pay any assessments(1). Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.

Refer to Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company's income taxes.

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to lawsuits and other claims related to product, commercial, employee, environmental and other matters. In determining costs to accrue related to these items, the Company carefully analyzes cases and considers the likelihood of adverse judgments or outcomes, as well as the potential range of possible loss. Any amounts accrued for these matters are monitored on an ongoing basis and are updated based on new developments or new information as it becomes available for each matter. Refer to Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the Company's commitments and contingencies.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s strategy is to maintain a minimum of twelve months of its projected liquidity ~~needs~~requirements through a combination of cash and cash equivalents and availability under its credit facilities. The Company believes its current cash, cash equivalents and availability under its credit facilities are sufficient to meet its liquidity requirements, consistent with this strategy.

The Company expects to fund its on-going operations (excluding the origination of finance receivables) and its capital allocation priorities, including capital expenditures, ~~dividends~~ and ~~discretionary~~the ~~share~~return ~~repurchases~~of excess capital to shareholders, primarily with cash flows from operating activities and cash and cash equivalents on hand, including cash generated in 2025 from the HDFS Transaction as described in Key Factors.(1) The Company expects to fund the origination of finance receivables primarily with unsecured debt, unsecured commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper conduit facilities, committed unsecured bank facilities, asset-backed securitizations, ~~and~~ brokered certificates of deposit and cash and cash equivalents on hand. In addition, the Company expects to fund a portion of its finance receivables through the sale under the Forward Flow Agreement of up to two-thirds of the retail finance receivables that HDFS originates shortly after they are originated. (1)

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and availability under its credit and conduit facilities at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 were as follows (in thousands):

Cash and cash equivalents(a)	$	13,~~589~~091,~~608~~744
U.S. commercial paper conduit facility:
Committed asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility(b)	1,500,000
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility(b)(c)	290,551
Borrowings against committed facility	~~(431,846)~~—
Net asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit committed facility availability	1290,~~068,154~~551
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility(b)(d)	3,451
Borrowings against committed facility	—
Net asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility	3,451
Availability under credit and conduit facilities:
Credit facilities	1,420,000
Commercial paper outstanding	(~~640~~497,~~204~~776)
Net credit facility availability	~~779~~922,~~796~~224
	$	34,~~437~~307,~~558~~970

(a)Includes $6482.48 million of cash and cash equivalents held by LiveWire Group, Inc.

(b)Includes facilities expiring in the next 12 months which the Company expects to renew prior to expiration.(1)

To(c)Total ~~access~~committed ~~the~~borrowing ~~debt~~capacity ~~capital~~of ~~markets,~~ the ~~Company~~U.S. ~~relies~~commercial onpaper ~~credit~~conduit ~~rating~~facility ~~agencies~~was to$1.50 ~~assign~~billion ~~short-term~~at ~~and long-term credit ratings. Generally~~December 31, ~~lower credit ratings result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to debt capital markets~~2025. AAvailability ~~credit~~was ~~rating~~limited ~~agency may change or withdraw the Company’s ratings~~ based on ~~its~~the ~~assessment~~amount of ~~the Company’s current and future ability to meet interest and principal repayment obligations~~U.S. ~~The~~retail ~~Company’s~~finance ~~short-term~~receivables ~~debt~~available ~~ratings affect its ability~~ to ~~issue~~be ~~unsecured~~used ~~commercial paper. The Company’s short- and long-term debt ratings~~ as ~~of December 31, 2024 were as follows:~~collateral.

Short-Term

Long-Term

Outlook

Moody’s

Baa3

Stable

Standard & Poor’s

BBB-

Stable

Fitch

BBB+

Stable

(d)Total committed borrowing capacity of the Canadian Conduit facility was C$165.0 million ($120.4 million) at December 31, 2025. Availability was limited based on the amount of Canadian retail finance receivables available to be used as collateral.

4546

~~The~~To ~~Company~~access ~~recognizes~~the ~~that~~debt itcapital ~~must~~markets, ~~continue to monitor and adjust its business to changes in~~ the ~~lending environment. The~~ Company ~~intends~~relies toon ~~continue~~credit ~~with~~rating aagencies ~~diversified~~to ~~funding~~assign ~~profile through a combination of~~ short-term and long-term ~~funding~~credit ~~vehicles and to pursue a variety of sources to obtain cost-effective funding~~ratings.~~(1)~~ ~~The~~Generally, ~~HDFS~~lower ~~segment~~credit ~~results~~ratings ~~could~~result bein ~~negatively affected by~~ higher borrowing costs ofand ~~funding~~reduced ~~and~~access ~~increased~~to ~~difficulty~~debt ofcapital ~~raising,~~markets. orA ~~potential~~credit ~~unsuccessful~~rating ~~efforts~~agency tomay ~~raise,~~change ~~funding~~or inwithdraw the ~~short-term~~Company’s ~~and~~ratings ~~long-term~~based ~~capital~~on ~~markets.(1)~~its ~~These~~assessment ~~negative~~of ~~consequences could in turn adversely affect~~ the Company’s ~~business~~current and ~~results~~future ofability ~~operations~~to inmeet ~~various~~interest ~~ways,~~and ~~including~~principal ~~through~~repayment ~~higher~~obligations. ~~costs~~The ofCompany’s ~~capital,~~short-term ~~reduced~~debt ~~funds~~ratings ~~available~~affect ~~through~~its ~~HDFS~~ability to ~~provide~~issue ~~loans~~unsecured tocommercial ~~dealers~~paper. ~~and~~The ~~their~~Company’s ~~retail~~short- ~~customers,~~ and ~~dilution~~long-term tocredit ~~existing~~ratings ~~shareholders~~as ~~through the use~~ of ~~alternative~~December 31, ~~sources~~2025 ofwere ~~capital.~~as follows:

Short-Term

Long-Term

Outlook

Moody’s

Baa3

Stable

Standard & Poor’s

BBB-

CreditWatch Negative

Fitch

BBB+

Stable

The Company recognizes that it must continue to monitor and adjust its business to changes in the lending environment. The Company expects that the Forward Flow Agreement associated with the HDFS Transaction as described in Key Factors will reduce its funding risk in the near-term.(1) The Company intends to continue with a diversified funding profile through a combination of short-term and long-term funding vehicles and to pursue a variety of sources to obtain cost-effective funding.(1) HDFS segment results could be negatively affected by higher costs of funding and increased difficulty of raising, or potential unsuccessful efforts to raise, funding in the short-term, medium-term and long-term capital markets.(1) These negative consequences could in turn adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations in various ways, including through higher costs of capital, reduced funds available through HDFS to provide loans to dealers and their retail customers, and dilution to existing shareholders through the use of alternative sources of capital. As a result of the HDFS Transaction, however, the Company believes those risks are reduced in the near term.

Cash Flow Activity

~~Cash~~The Company's cash flow activities for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):

	2024		2023
	2025		2024
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1568,~~063,833~~922	$	~~754~~1,~~887~~063,833
Net cash used by investing activities	(383,330)		(512,304)
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities	3,778,775		(383,330)
Net cash used by financing activities	(~~572~~3,~~315~~010,300)		(~~174~~572,~~646~~315)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	~~(16~~13,~~145)~~493		1(16,~~697~~145)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	92,043	$	69,634
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	1,350,890	$	92,043

Operating Activities

The ~~increase~~decrease in operating cash flow in ~~2024~~2025 compared to ~~2023~~2024 was primarily due to lower motorcycle shipment volumes and unfavorable manufacturing and tariff costs compared to 2024. Additionally, operating cash ~~inflows~~flow ~~related~~decreased due to originations of retail finance receivables classified as held for sale under the ~~net~~Forward ~~change~~Flow inAgreement. ~~wholesale~~Cash flows from the origination and collection of retail finance receivables inthe ~~2024~~Company ~~compared~~intends to ~~net~~sell at origination are classified within cash ~~outflows~~flow infrom ~~2023~~operating asactivities. ~~well~~There aswere ~~favorable~~no ~~changes~~originations of retail finance receivables held for sale in 2024. Cash flow provided by operating activities was also impacted by positive working capital ~~driven~~impacts byprimarily ~~the~~related ~~reduction~~to inan ~~inventory~~increase ~~during~~in ~~2024~~accounts payable, partially offset by ~~lower~~a ~~net~~smaller ~~income~~decrease in ~~2024~~inventory in 2025 compared to ~~2023~~2024.

~~Changes~~The inCompany's ~~wholesale~~ongoing ~~finance~~operating ~~receivables~~cash ~~were~~requirements ~~driven~~include bythose anrelated ~~increase~~to inexisting ~~wholesale~~contractual ~~finance~~commitments ~~receivables~~which it expects to fund with cash inflows from ~~the~~operating ~~end~~activities. ofThe ~~2022~~Company's purchase orders for inventory used in manufacturing generally do not become firm commitments until 90 days prior to ~~the~~expected ~~end~~delivery. ofThe ~~2023~~Company's asmaterial ~~compared~~contractual operating cash commitments at December 31, 2025 relate to aleases, ~~decrease~~retirement inplan ~~wholesale~~obligations ~~finance~~and ~~receivables~~income ~~from~~taxes. ~~the~~The ~~end~~Company's long-term lease obligations and future payments are discussed further in Note 9 of ~~2023~~the Notes to ~~the~~Consolidated ~~end~~financial statements. The Company’s expected future contributions and benefit payments related to its defined benefit retirement plans are discussed further in Note 14 of ~~2024~~the Notes to Consolidated financial statements. The ~~increase~~Company's inincome ~~wholesale~~taxes ~~receivables~~include ~~during~~a ~~2023~~liability ~~was~~for ~~driven~~unrecognized bytax ~~shipments~~benefits inand ~~late~~related ~~2023~~accrued interest and penalties as discussed further in Note 3 of the ~~rate~~Notes to Consolidated financial statements. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the period of ~~dealer~~cash ~~inventory~~settlement ~~turnover~~for ~~during~~either ~~2023~~the liability for unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. The ~~decrease~~Company incontinues to expect that it will fund its ongoing operating cash requirements related to the origination of wholesale finance receivables ~~during~~and ~~2024~~retail ~~was~~finance ~~driven~~receivables byheld ~~lower~~for ~~wholesale~~sale ~~shipments~~with ~~compared~~the issuance of debt and the sale of retail finance receivables to its counterparties under the ~~prior~~Forward ~~year.~~Flow Agreement.(1)

Changes in working capital were driven by a reduction in inventory from the end of 2023 to the end of 2024. The Company focused on reducing its inventory levels to align with expected demand.

The Company's ongoing operating cash requirements include those related to existing contractual commitments which it expects to fund with cash inflows from operating activities. The Company's purchase orders for inventory used in manufacturing generally do not become firm commitments until 90 days prior to expected delivery. The Company's material contractual operating cash commitments at December 31, 2024 relate to leases, retirement plan obligations and income taxes. The Company's long-term lease obligations and future payments are discussed further in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements. The Company’s expected future contributions and benefit payments related to its defined benefit retirement plans are discussed further in Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements. As described in Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements, the Company has a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $16.2 million and related accrued interest and penalties of $7.1 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the period of cash settlement for either the liability for unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. The Company continues to expect that it will fund its ongoing operating cash requirements related to the origination of finance receivables with the issuance of debt.

Investing Activities

The Company’s most significant investing activities consist of capital expenditures and retail finance receivable originations and collections. Capital expenditures were $196.6 million and $207.4 million during 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company's 2024 plan includes estimated capital investments between $225 to $250 million, all of which the Company expects to fund with net cash flow generated by operations.(1) 47

~~Net~~The ~~cash~~Company’s ~~outflows~~most ~~for~~significant ~~finance~~ongoing ~~receivables~~investing inactivities ~~2024,~~consist ~~which~~of ~~consisted~~capital ~~primarily~~expenditures and the originations and collections of retail finance receivables held for investment. In 2025, ~~were~~the Company also had $~~103~~3.87 ~~million~~billion ~~lower~~of ~~than~~net inproceeds ~~2023~~from ~~primarily~~the ~~due~~sale toof ~~lower~~ retail finance ~~receivable~~receivables ~~originations~~initially held for investment, ~~partially~~$125.4 ~~offset~~million byof ~~lower~~net ~~collections~~proceeds from the sale of ~~finance~~securitization ~~receivables~~beneficial interests, ~~during~~and ~~2024~~$23.7 ~~The~~million ~~Company~~of ~~funds~~collections from its ~~finance~~retained ~~receivables~~securitization ~~net~~beneficial ~~lending~~interests ~~activity~~related ~~through~~to the ~~issuance~~HDFS ofTransaction ~~debt~~with ~~and~~no ~~brokered~~comparable ~~certificates~~proceeds ofor ~~deposit~~collections asin ~~discussed~~2024. inCapital ~~the~~expenditures ~~Financing~~were ~~Activities~~$153.7 ~~section~~million and $196.6 million during 2025 and 2024, respectively.

46Net cash inflows related to the origination and collection of finance receivables held for investment in 2025, which consisted primarily of retail finance receivables held for investment, were $295.6 million higher than in 2024 primarily due to lower origination of finance receivables held for investment, partially offset by lower collections of finance receivables held for investment, during 2025. The reduction in originations of finance receivables held for investment was partially due to a portion of retail finance receivable originations being classified as operating cash flows starting in the third quarter of 2025 as they were held for sale under the Forward Flow Agreement, partially offset by lower collection of retail finance receivables that were classified as held for sale at origination. The Company funded its finance receivables held for investment net lending activity through the issuance of debt as discussed in the Financing Activities section.

Financing Activities

The Company’s ongoing financing activities consist primarily of dividend payments, share repurchases, deposits and debt activities.

The Company paid dividends of $0.6972 per share totaling $9186.24 million during ~~2024~~2025 and $0.6669 per share totaling $9691.32 million during ~~2023~~2024.

Cash outflows for shares repurchased on a discretionary basis, including shares repurchased pursuant to the ASR, were $~~450~~347.05 million in ~~2024~~2025 and $~~350~~450.0 million in ~~2023~~2024. Shares repurchased on a discretionary basis in 2025 do not include $40.0 million of financing cash outflows related to cash that was paid under the ASR agreement that the Company expects will result in discretionary shares delivered to the Company in the first half of 2026 as discussed further in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements.(1) Share repurchases of common stock that employees surrendered to satisfy withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance shares were $95.8 million or 0.32 million shares and $149.08 million or 0.3 million shares during the years ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, there were 2123.54 million shares remaining onunder a board-approved share repurchase ~~authorization~~authorizations.

OnDuring ~~September 26~~2025, ~~2022,~~ the Company's ~~electric~~had ~~motorcycle subsidiary completed a merger with AEA-Bridges Impact Corp~~$46.6 ~~(ABIC),~~million aof ~~special~~financing ~~purpose~~cash ~~acquisition~~inflows ~~company,~~related to ~~create~~capital acontributions ~~new~~from ~~publicly~~the ~~traded~~counterparties ~~company,~~in ~~LiveWire~~the ~~Group,~~HDFS ~~Inc.~~Transaction ~~LiveWire~~as ~~Group,~~each ~~Inc. received net proceeds~~ of ~~approximately~~the ~~$294~~counterparties ~~million,~~paid ~~including~~cash ato ~~$180~~acquire ~~million~~4.9% ~~investment from the Company, net~~ of ~~transaction~~HDFS ~~expenses,~~as adiscussed ~~$100~~in ~~million~~Key ~~investment~~Factors. ~~from~~There anwas ~~independent~~no ~~investor,~~corresponding ~~and~~activity ain ~~$14 million investment from ABIC~~2024.

Financing cash flows related to debt and brokered certificates of deposit activities resulted in net cash outflows of $21.3 million and inflows of $283.7 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s total outstanding debt and liability for brokered certificates of deposit consisted of the following as of December 31 (in thousands): 48

	2024		2023
Outstanding debt:
Unsecured commercial paper	$	640,204	$	878,935
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility	77,381		70,742
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility	431,846		233,258
Asset-backed securitization debt, net	1,950,138		1,877,368
Medium-term notes, net	3,114,013		3,319,138
Senior notes, net	746,800		746,079
	$	6,960,382	$	7,125,520
Deposits, net	$	550,586	$	447,782

Financing cash flows related to debt and brokered certificates of deposit activities resulted in net cash outflows of $2.6 billion and $21.3 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s total outstanding debt and liability for brokered certificates of deposit consisted of the following as of December 31 (in thousands):


	2025		2024

Outstanding debt:
Unsecured commercial paper	$	497,776	$	640,204
Asset-backed Canadian commercial paper conduit facility	—		77,381
Asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility	—		431,846
Asset-backed securitization debt, net	—		1,950,138
Medium-term notes, net	2,171,963		3,114,013
Senior notes, net	297,278		746,800
	$	2,967,017	$	6,960,382

Deposits, net	$	536,644	$	550,586

Refer to Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for a summary of future principal payments on the Company's debt obligations. Refer to Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for a summary of future maturities on the Company's certificates of deposit.

Deposits – HDFS offers brokered certificates of deposit to customers indirectly through contractual arrangements with third-party banks and/or securities brokerage firms through its bank subsidiary. The Company had $~~550~~536.6 million and $~~447~~550.8 6 million, net of fees, of interest-bearing brokered certificates of deposit outstanding as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively. The deposits are classified as short- and long-term liabilities based upon the term of each brokered certificate of deposit issued. Each separate brokered certificate of deposit is issued under a master certificate, and as such, all outstanding brokered certificates of deposit are considered below the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance coverage limits.

Credit Facilities – In April 2024, the Company extended its existing $710.0 million five-year credit facility that was due to mature in April 2025 so that it now matures in April 2029 and amended the language of its existing $710.0 million five-year credit facility that matures in April 2027 so that it conforms in all respects to the April 2029 credit facility other than maturity date. The five-year credit facilities (together, the Global Credit Facilities) bear interest at variable rates, which may be adjusted upward or downward depending on certain criteria, such as credit ratings. The Global Credit Facilities also require the Company to pay a fee based on the average daily unused portion of the aggregate commitments. The Global Credit Facilities are committed facilities primarily used to support the Company's unsecured commercial paper program.

Unsecured Commercial Paper – Subject to limitations, the Company could issue unsecured commercial paper of up to $1.42 billion as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025 supported by the Global Credit Facilities, as discussed above. Outstanding unsecured commercial paper may not exceed the unused portion of the Global Credit Facilities. Maturities may range up to 365 days from the issuance date. The Company intends to repay unsecured commercial paper as it matures with additional unsecured commercial paper or through other means, such as borrowing under the Global Credit Facilities, borrowing under its asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduit facility or through the use of operating cash flow and cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Medium-Term Notes – The Company had the following unsecured medium-term notes issued and outstanding at December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

Principal Amount

Rate

Issue Date

Maturity Date

$821,814(a)

6.36%

April 2023

April 2026

$500,000

3.05%

February 2022

February 2027

$144,903

5.95%

June 2024

June 2029

$716,152(b)

5.61%

March 2025

March 2030

~~commercial~~(a) ~~paper~~€700.0 ormillion ~~through~~par ~~other~~value ~~means,~~remeasured ~~such~~to ~~as borrowing under the Global Credit Facilities, borrowing under its asset-backed~~ U.S. ~~commercial~~dollar ~~paper~~at ~~conduit~~December 31, ~~facility or through the use of operating cash flow and cash on hand.~~2025

Principal Amount

Rate

Issue Date

Maturity Date

$700,000

3.35%

June 2020

June 2025

$727,104(a)

6.36%

April 2023

April 2026

$500,000

3.05%

February 2022

February 2027

$700,000

6.50%

March 2023

March 2028

$500,000

5.95%

June 2024

June 2029

(b) €610.0 million par value remeasured to U.S. dollar at December 31, 2025

~~(a)~~The ~~€700~~U.0S. ~~million~~dollar-denominated ~~par~~medium-term ~~value~~notes ~~remeasured~~provide tofor Usemi-annual interest payments and the foreign currency-denominated medium-term notes provide for annual interest payments.S. ~~dollar~~Principal aton ~~December 31,~~the ~~2024~~medium-term notes is due at

The U.S. dollar-denominated medium-term notes provide for semi-annual interest payments and the foreign currency-denominated medium-term notes provide for annual interest payments. Principal on the medium-term notes is due at maturity. Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs on the medium-term notes reduced the outstanding balance by $13.1 million and $15.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Senior Notes – In July 2015, the Company issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes in an underwritten offering. The senior notes provide for semi-annual interest payments and principal due at maturity. $450.0 million of the senior notes mature in July 2025 and have an interest rate of 3.50%, and $300.0 million of the senior notes mature in July 2045 and have an interest rate of 4.625%. The Company used the proceeds from the debt to repurchase shares of its common stock in 2015.

On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Canadian Commercial Paper Conduit Facility – In June 2024, the Company renewed and amended its revolving facility agreement (Canadian Conduit) with a Canadian bank-sponsored asset-backed commercial paper conduit. Under the renewed and amended agreement, the Canadian Conduit is contractually committed, at the Company's option, to purchase eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables for proceeds up to C$165.0 million which was a C$40.0 million increase in the total commitment. Availability under the Canadian Conduit is based on, among other things, the amount and credit performance of eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables held as collateral.

The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing market interest rates plus a specified margin. The Canadian Conduit also provides for a program fee and an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the Canadian Conduit, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. The expected remaining term of the related receivables is approximately 4 years. Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement between the Company and the lenders, as of December 31, 2024, the Canadian Conduit had an expiration date of June 30, 2025. Subsequent to the end of 2024, as a result of elevated credit losses on the Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables held as collateral, the Company has been unable to draw on the Canadian Conduit. Access to the facility will resume once credit losses return to levels required by the Canadian Conduit. The Company plans to fund Canadian retail motorcycle originations with other existing funding sources until access resumes.

In 2024, the Company transferred $73.4 million of Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables to the Canadian conduit for proceeds of $60.2 million. In 2023, the Company transferred $51.4 million of Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables to the Canadian Conduit for proceeds of $42.4 million.

On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed U.S. Commercial Paper Conduit Facilities VIE – In November 2024, the Company renewed its $1.50 billion revolving facility agreement (the U.S. Conduit Facility) with third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. Under the revolving facility agreement, the Company may transfer U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE, which in turn may issue debt to those third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. From November 2020 through November 2022, the U.S. Conduit Facility allowed for uncommitted additional borrowings of up to $300.0 million at the lenders' discretion. The Company drew against the uncommitted additional borrowings in 2022 and during 2023, the remaining balance of these uncommitted additional borrowings was paid in full. Availability under the U.S. Conduit Facility is based on, among other things, the amount and credit performance of eligible U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables held by the SPE as collateral.

The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing commercial paper rates if funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper. The interest rate on all borrowings, if not funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper, is based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), with

provisions for a transition to other benchmark rates in the future, if necessary. In addition to interest, a program fee is assessed based on the outstanding debt principal balance. The U.S. Conduit Facility also provides for an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment. Prior to November 2022, when calculating the unused fee, the aggregate commitment did not include any unused portion of the $300.0 million uncommitted additional borrowings allowed. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the U.S. Conduit Facility, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. The expected remaining term of the related receivables held by the SPE is approximately 5 years. Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement of the Company and the lenders, as of December 31, 2024, the U.S. Conduit Facility has an expiration date of November 21, 2025.

In 2024, the Company transferred $472.3 million of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE which, in turn, issued $409.8 million of debt under the U.S. Conduit Facility. In 2023, there were no finance receivable transfers under the U.S. Conduit Facility.

Asset-Backed Securitization VIEs – For all of its asset-backed securitization transactions, the Company transfers U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to separate VIEs, which in turn issue secured notes with various maturities and interest rates to investors. All of the notes held by the VIEs are secured by future collections of the purchased U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables. The U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables included in the asset-backed securitization transactions are not available to pay other obligations or claims of the Company's creditors until the associated debt and other obligations are satisfied. Restricted cash balances held by the VIEs are used only to support the asset-backed securitizations.

The accounting treatment for asset-backed securitizations depends on the terms of the related transaction and the Company’s continuing involvement with the VIE. The Company's current outstanding asset-backed securitizations do not meet the criteria to be accounted for as a sale because, in addition to retaining servicing rights, the Company retains a financial interest in the VIE in the form of a debt security. These transactions are treated as secured borrowings, and as such, the retail motorcycle finance receivables remain on the balance sheet with a corresponding obligation reflected as debt. There is no amortization schedule for the secured notes; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related retail motorcycle finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. The secured notes currently have various contractual maturities ranging from 2025 to 2032.

In 2024, the Company transferred $1.27 billion of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to two separate SPEs which, in turn, issued $1.15 billion, or $1.14 billion net of discount and issuance costs, of secured notes through two separate on-balance sheet asset- backed securitization transactions. In 2023, the Company transferred $1.20 billion of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to two separate SPEs which, in turn, issued $1.05 billion, or $1.04 billion net of discount and issuance costs, of secured notes through two separate on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions.

Intercompany Agreements – On January 27, 2023, Harley-Davidson, Inc. entered into a revolving line of credit with Harley-Davidson Financial Services, Inc. whereby Harley-Davidson Financial Services, Inc. could borrow up to $200.0 million at market interest rates. There were no borrowings by Harley-Davidson Financial Services, Inc. during the life of the agreement, which expired on July 27, 2024.

Harley Davidson, Inc. also has a support agreement with Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. whereby, if required, Harley-Davidson, Inc. agrees to provide Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. with financial support to maintain Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc.’s fixed-charge coverage at 1.25 and minimum net worth of $40.0 million. Support may be provided at Harley-Davidson, Inc.'s option as capital contributions or loans. No amount has ever been provided to Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. under the support agreement.

On February 14, 2024, Harley-Davidson, Inc. entered into a Convertible Delayed Draw Term Loan Agreement (the “Convertible Term Loan”) with LiveWire Group, Inc. and a wholly-owned subsidiary of LiveWire Group, Inc. whereby LiveWire may obtain term loans in one or more advances up to an aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million. The outstanding principal under the Convertible Term Loan bears interest at a floating rate per annum, as calculated on the date of each advance and as of each June 1 and December 1 thereafter. The interest rate is calculated based on the sum of (i) the forward-looking term rate based on SOFR for a six-month interest period, plus (ii) 4.00%. The Convertible Term Loan does not include affirmative covenants impacting the operations of LiveWire. The Convertible Term Loan includes negative covenants restricting the ability of LiveWire to incur indebtedness, create liens, sell assets, make investments, make fundamental changes, make dividends or other restricted payments and enter into affiliate transactions. The Convertible Term Loan has a maturity date of the earlier of (i) 24 months from the date of the first draw on the loan or (ii) October 31, 2026. In the event that the Convertible Term Loan cannot be settled in cash by LiveWire at maturity, unless otherwise agreed between Harley-Davidson, Inc. and LiveWire, the Convertible Term Loan will be converted to equity of LiveWire Group, Inc. at a conversion price per share of LiveWire Group, Inc. common stock equal to 90% of the volume weighted average price per share of

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Unsecured Note Redemptions —During November 2025, the Company executed a tender offer for its $700.0 million 6.50% medium-term notes due 2028 and $500.0 million 5.95% medium-term notes due 2029, resulting in $437.1 million and $355.1 million of notes being redeemed, respectively. During December 2025, the Company executed a make-whole redemption resulting in the remaining $262.9 million of medium-term notes due 2028 being redeemed. The Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $67.6 million, which included unamortized discounts and fees, within Financial services interest expense on the Consolidated statements of operations in connection with these actions.

Senior Notes and Term Loan – In July 2015, the Company issued $750.0 million of unsecured senior notes in an underwritten offering. The senior notes provide for semi-annual interest payments and principal due at maturity. $450.0 million of the senior notes, which had an interest rate of 3.50%, matured in July 2025. $300.0 million of the senior notes mature in July 2045 and have an interest rate of 4.625%. The Company used the proceeds from the debt to repurchase shares of its common stock in 2015.

On July 1, 2025, the Company entered into a term loan facility that permitted the Company to draw up to $450.0 million on or prior to July 31, 2025. On July 24, 2025, the Company drew $450.0 million under the facility which carried an interest rate of term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a margin based on the Company's credit rating. The Company used the proceeds to pay down the principal and interest of the $450.0 million 3.50% senior notes that matured in July 2025. In November 2025, the Company used proceeds from the HDFS Transaction to pay down the principal and interest of the term loan facility in full. The facility included operating and financial covenants that are substantially the same as those described below and applicable under the Global Credit Facilities at the current credit rating levels for the Company's short-term and long-term debt.

On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Canadian Commercial Paper Conduit Facility – In June 2025, the Company renewed and amended its revolving facility agreement (Canadian Conduit) with a Canadian bank-sponsored asset-backed commercial paper conduit. Under the renewed and amended agreement, the Canadian Conduit is contractually committed, at the Company's option, to purchase eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables for proceeds up to C$165.0 million. The transferred assets are restricted as collateral for the payment of the associated debt. Availability under the Canadian Conduit is based on, among other things, the amount and credit performance of eligible Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables held as collateral.

There were no finance receivable transfers under the Canadian Conduit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2025. Quarterly transfers of Canadian retail motorcycle finance receivables to the Canadian Conduit and the respective proceeds were as follows in 2024 (in millions):


	2024
	Transfers		Proceeds
First quarter	$	34.9	$	28.6
Second quarter	20.6		16.9
Third quarter	17.9		14.7
Fourth quarter	—		—
	$	73.4	$	60.2

On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed U.S. Commercial Paper Conduit Facilities VIE – In October 2025, the Company renewed its $1.50 billion revolving facility agreement (the U.S. Conduit Facility) with third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. Under the revolving facility agreement, the Company may transfer U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to an SPE, which in turn may issue debt to those third-party banks and their asset-backed U.S. commercial paper conduits. Availability under the U.S. Conduit Facility is based on, among other things, the amount and credit performance of eligible U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables held by the SPE as collateral. In addition to extending the term of the U.S.

Conduit Facility, the October 2025 amendment updated the fee structure and finance receivable take-out provisions to better align with ongoing HDFS funding needs, including consideration of the Forward Flow Agreement that formed part of the HDFS Transaction.

Under the U.S. Conduit Facility, the assets of the SPE are restricted as collateral for the payment of the debt or other obligations arising in the transaction and are not available to pay other obligations or claims of the Company’s creditors. The terms for this debt provide for interest on the outstanding principal based on prevailing commercial paper rates if funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper. The interest rate on all borrowings, if not funded by a conduit lender through the issuance of commercial paper, is based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), with provisions for a transition to other benchmark rates in the future, if necessary. In addition to interest, a program fee is assessed based on the outstanding debt principal balance. The U.S. Conduit Facility also provides for an unused commitment fee based on the unused portion of the total aggregate commitment. There is no amortization schedule; however, the debt is reduced monthly as available collections on the related finance receivables are applied to outstanding principal. Upon expiration of the U.S. Conduit Facility, any outstanding principal will continue to be reduced monthly through available collections. Unless earlier terminated or extended by mutual agreement of the Company and the lenders, as of December 31, 2025, the U.S. Conduit Facility has an expiration date of October 30, 2026.

Quarterly transfers of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to the U.S. Conduit and the respective proceeds were as follows (in millions):


	2025				2024
	Transfers		Proceeds		Transfers		Proceeds
First quarter	$	179.5	$	155.0	$	334.8	$	306.0
Second quarter	—		—		—		—
Third quarter	—		—		—		—
Fourth quarter	—		—		137.5		103.8
	$	179.5	$	155.0	$	472.3	$	409.8

On-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Securitization VIEs – For all of its on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization transactions, the Company transfers U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to separate VIEs, which in turn issue secured notes with various maturities and interest rates to investors. All of the notes held by the VIEs are secured by future collections of the purchased U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables. The U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables included in the asset-backed securitization transactions are not available to pay other obligations or claims of the Company's creditors until the associated debt and other obligations are satisfied. Restricted cash balances held by the VIEs are used only to support the asset-backed securitizations.

The accounting treatment for asset-backed securitizations depends on the terms of the related transaction and the Company’s continuing involvement with the VIE. During the third quarter of 2025, in conjunction with the HDFS Transaction, HDFS determined that it was no longer the primary beneficiary of most of its asset-backed securitization VIEs and also met the criteria for those asset-backed VIEs to be accounted for as a sale. Accordingly, those VIEs were deconsolidated and accounted for as sales during the third quarter of 2025. After deconsolidating certain VIEs in conjunction with the HDFS Transaction, the Company had one on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization remaining that was repaid in full during 2025. Refer to Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

Quarterly transfers of U.S. retail motorcycle finance receivables to SPEs, the respective proceeds, and the respective proceeds, net of discounts and issuance costs were as follows (in millions):


	2025						2024
	Transfers		Proceeds		Proceeds, net		Transfers		Proceeds		Proceeds, net
First quarter	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Second quarter	584.4		500.0		497.8		607.8		550.0		547.6
Third quarter	—		—		—		663.1		600.0		597.6
Fourth quarter	—		—		—		—		—		—
	$	584.4	$	500.0	$	497.8	$	1,270.9	$	1,150.0	$	1,145.2

Off-Balance Sheet Asset-Backed Financing - During the third quarter of 2025, HDFS sold 95% of its residual interest in retail finance receivables that were transferred to certain SPEs through on-balance sheet asset-backed securitization

transactions to two counterparties as part of the HDFS Transaction. As a result, HDFS determined that it was no longer the primary beneficiary of the associated VIEs. Accordingly, the VIEs were deconsolidated during the third quarter of 2025. HDFS confirmed that the transfers of loans that occurred at the inception of each VIE met the criteria for an accounting sale under ASC 860. For more information refer to Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated financial statements.

Intercompany Agreements – Harley Davidson, Inc. has a support agreement with Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. whereby, if required, Harley-Davidson, Inc. agrees to provide Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. with financial support to maintain Harley-Davidson Financial Services lnc.'s fixed-charge coverage at 1.25 and minimum net worth of $40.0 million. Support may be provided at Harley-Davidson, lnc.'s option as capital contributions or loans. No amount has ever been provided to Harley-Davidson Financial Services Inc. under the support agreement.

On February 14, 2024, Harley-Davidson, Inc. entered into a Convertible Delayed Draw Term Loan Agreement (Convertible Term Loan) with LiveWire Group, Inc. and a wholly-owned subsidiary of LiveWire Group, Inc. whereby LiveWire was able to obtain term loans in one or more advances up to an aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million. The Convertible Term Loan had a maturity date of the earlier of (i) 24 months from the date of the first draw on the loan or (ii) October 31, 2026. The Convertible Term Loan contained a provision that provided for Harley-Davidson, Inc. to convert amounts outstanding to equity at the maturity date if, on the maturity date, Harley-Davidson, Inc. determined, acting reasonably and in good faith, that LiveWire Group, Inc. did not have the financial wherewithal to repay all amounts outstanding. LiveWire Group, Inc. did not draw any amounts under the Convertible Term Loan.

On November 9, 2025, Harley-Davidson, Inc. entered into an Amended and Restated Delayed Draw Term Loan Agreement (Term Loan) with LiveWire Group, Inc. and a wholly-owned subsidiary of LiveWire Group, Inc., which amended the Convertible Term Loan. The Term Loan provided LiveWire Group, Inc. with access of up to $75.0 million to be drawn between November 17, 2025 and December 15, 2025. The maturity date of the amount outstanding under the Term Loan, including interest, is December 15, 2027. The Term Loan requires mandatory prepayment of the principal amount of the Term Loan from the first $10.0 million of net proceeds (defined as gross proceeds less offering costs) from the At-The-Market program managed by LiveWire Group Inc., which is a program designed to raise capital from external investors in LiveWire Group Inc. The At-The-Market proceeds mandatory prepayment would apply to any funds raised from the funding of the Term Loan through the maturity date. No other scheduled principal payments are required to be made on the Term Loan and the remaining principal balance must be paid in full on the maturity date. The amount outstanding under the Term Loan bears interest at a floating rate per annum, as calculated as of the date of funding of the Term Loan and as of each June 1 and December 1 thereafter, equal to the sum of (i) the forward-looking term rate based on SOFR (secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (or a successor administr

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