UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)


ý						QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~May~~August 0302, 2025


o						TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________


			Commission file number:			0-14678

Ross Stores, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

94-1390387

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

organization)

5130 Hacienda Drive,

Dublin,

California

94568~~-7579~~

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

(925)

965-4400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $.01

ROST

Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ý Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of Common Stock, with $.01 par value, outstanding on ~~May~~August 1615, 2025 was ~~327~~325,~~070~~226,~~521~~266.

Ross Stores, Inc.

Form 10-Q

Table of Contents

Page

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements (unaudited)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

2524

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Item 6.

Exhibits

Signatures

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
($000, except per share data, unaudited)	~~May~~August 32, 2025		~~May~~August 43, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Sales	$	45,~~984~~529,~~971~~152	$	45,~~858~~287,~~067~~519	$	10,514,123	$	10,145,586
Costs and Expenses
Cost of goods sold	34,~~581~~002,~~366~~167		3,~~490~~791,~~672~~929		7,583,533		7,282,601
Selling, general and administrative	~~797~~888,~~135~~711		~~776~~836,~~282~~357		1,685,846		1,612,639
Operating income	~~606~~638,~~470~~274		~~591~~659,~~113~~233		1,244,744		1,250,346
Interest income, net	(3432,~~409~~346)		(4543,~~950~~350)		(66,755)		(89,300)
Earnings before taxes	~~640~~670,~~879~~620		~~637~~702,~~063~~583		1,311,499		1,339,646
Provision for taxes on earnings	~~161~~162,~~630~~625		~~149~~175,~~073~~435		324,255		324,508
Net earnings	$	~~479~~507,~~249~~995	$	~~487~~527,~~990~~148	$	987,244	$	1,015,138
Earnings per share
Basic	$	1.4857	$	1.4760	$	3.05	$	3.07
Diluted	$	1.4756	$	1.4659	$	3.03	$	3.05
Weighted-average shares outstanding (000)
Basic	~~324~~323,~~877~~000		~~331~~329,~~258~~392		323,938		330,325
Diluted	~~327~~324,~~005~~796		~~333~~331,~~737~~511		325,909		332,620

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
($000, unaudited)	~~May~~August 32, 2025		~~May~~August 43, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Net earnings	$	~~479~~507,~~249~~995	$	~~487~~527,~~990~~148	$	987,244	$	1,015,138
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—
Comprehensive income	$	~~479~~507,~~249~~995	$	~~487~~527,~~990~~148	$	987,244	$	1,015,138

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

($000, except share data, unaudited)

~~May~~August 32, 2025

February 1, 2025

~~May~~August 43, 2024

Assets

Current Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

3,~~783~~847,~~413~~016

4,730,744

4,~~654~~668,~~316~~137

Accounts receivable

~~181~~210,~~004~~520

144,482

~~165~~181,~~436~~918

Merchandise inventory

2,~~669~~608,~~849~~485

2,444,513

2,~~461~~490,~~699~~558

Prepaid expenses and other

~~240~~259,~~837~~815

218,957

~~225~~254,~~911~~370

Total current assets

6,~~875~~925,~~103~~836

7,538,696

7,~~507~~594,~~362~~983

Property and Equipment

Land and buildings

1,~~494~~821,~~018~~855

1,493,496

1,~~482~~486,~~432~~214

Fixtures and equipment

4,~~561~~883,~~893~~392

4,521,044

4,~~269~~341,~~334~~764

Leasehold improvements

1,~~719~~727,~~361~~314

1,701,340

1,~~602~~607,~~433~~226

Construction-in-progress

~~864~~394,~~381~~493

807,256

~~623~~694,~~581~~574

8,639,653

8,523,136

7,977,780

8,827,054

8,523,136

8,129,778

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

4,~~812~~920,~~112~~714

4,730,733

4,~~462~~546,~~587~~243

Property and equipment, net

3,~~827~~906,~~541~~340

3,792,403

3,~~515~~583,~~193~~535

Operating lease assets

3,~~325~~374,~~849~~582

3,294,858

3,~~210~~234,~~455~~180

Other long-term assets

~~276~~288,~~123~~761

279,375

~~258~~265,~~772~~323

Total assets

14,~~304~~495,~~616~~519

14,905,332

14,~~491~~678,~~782~~021

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Current Liabilities

Accounts payable

2,~~163~~205,~~954~~613

2,126,317

2,~~119~~217,~~114~~227

Accrued expenses and other

~~616~~655,~~008~~218

626,490

~~612~~639,~~244~~703

Current operating lease liabilities

~~702~~716,~~025~~162

703,337

~~679~~691,~~596~~036

Accrued payroll and benefits

~~274~~315,~~877~~893

462,284

~~313~~353,~~305~~980

Income taxes payable

~~180,083~~—

43,666

~~212~~23,~~700~~266

Current portion of long-term debt

~~498~~499,~~812~~122

699,731

~~948~~949,~~590~~028

Total current liabilities

4,~~435~~392,~~759~~008

4,661,825

4,~~885~~874,~~549~~240

Long-term debt

1,~~016~~017,~~897~~218

1,515,080

1,513,~~200~~826

Non-current operating lease liabilities

2,~~797~~835,~~935~~481

2,764,281

2,~~693~~710,~~259~~239

Other long-term liabilities

~~268~~279,~~698~~258

267,911

~~245~~254,~~096~~487

Deferred income taxes

~~209~~238,~~249~~985

187,040

~~206~~194,~~726~~697

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ Equity

Common stock, par value $.01 per share Authorized 1,000,000,000 shares Issued and outstanding 327,384,000, 328,813,000 and 333,922,000 shares, respectively

3,274

3,288

3,339

Common stock, par value $.01 per share Authorized 1,000,000,000 shares Issued and outstanding 325,531,000, 328,813,000 and 332,075,000 shares, respectively

3,255

3,288

3,321

Additional paid-in capital

2,~~131~~170,~~533~~734

2,097,110

12,~~989~~024,~~922~~822

Treasury stock

(~~779~~783,~~541~~830)

(719,410)

(~~703~~705,~~798~~046)

Retained earnings

4,~~220~~342,~~812~~410

4,128,207

3,~~658~~807,~~489~~435

Total stockholders’ equity

5,~~576~~732,~~078~~569

5,509,195

45,~~947~~130,~~952~~532

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

14,~~304~~495,~~616~~519

14,905,332

14,~~491~~678,~~782~~021

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

	Three Months Ended May 3, 2025
	Six Months Ended August 2, 2025
	Common stock			Additionalpaid-incapital		Treasurystock		Retainedearnings
($ and shares in 000, except per share data, unaudited)	Shares	Amount								Total
Balance at February 1, 2025	328,813	$	3,288	$	2,097,110	$	(719,410)	$	4,128,207		$	5,509,195
Net earnings	—	—		—		—		479,249			479,249
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares used for tax withholding	551	6		6,137		(60,131)		—			(53,988)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		39,296		—		—			39,296
Common stock repurchased, inclusive of excise tax	(1,980)	(20)		(11,010)		—		(253,344)			(264,374)
Dividends declared ($0.4050 per share)	—	—		—		—		(133,300)			(133,300)
Balance at May 3, 2025	327,384	$	3,274	$	2,131,533	$	(779,541)	$	4,220,812		$	5,576,078
Net earnings	—	—		—		—		507,995			507,995
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares used for tax withholding	75	1		6,236		(4,289)		—			1,948
Stock-based compensation	—	—		43,943		—		—			43,943
Common stock repurchased, inclusive of excise tax	(1,928)	(20)		(10,978)		—		(254,060)			(265,058)
Dividends declared ($0.4050 per share)	—	—		—		—		(132,337)			(132,337)
Balance at August 2, 2025	325,531	$	3,255	$	2,170,734	$	(783,830)	$	4,342,410		$	5,732,569

	Three Months Ended May 4, 2024
	Six Months Ended August 3, 2024
				Additionalpaid-incapital
	Common stock			Additionalpaid-incapital		Treasurystock			Retainedearnings
	Common stock					Treasurystock		Retainedearnings
($ and shares in 000, except per share data, unaudited)	Shares	Amount									Total
Balance at February 3, 2024	335,172	$	3,352	$	1,952,625	$	(633,318)		$	3,548,667		$	4,871,326
Net earnings	—	—		—		—			487,990			487,990
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares used for tax withholding	642	6		6,218		(70,480)			—			(64,256)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		40,447		—			—			40,447
Common stock repurchased, inclusive of excise tax	(1,892)	(19)		(9,368)		—			(254,870)			(264,257)
Dividends declared ($0.3675 per share)	—	—		—		—			(123,298)			(123,298)
Balance at May 4, 2024	333,922	$	3,339	$	1,989,922	$	(703,798)		$	3,658,489		$	4,947,952
Net earnings	—	—		—		—			527,148			527,148
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares used for tax withholding	(7)	—		6,194		(1,248)			—			4,946
Stock-based compensation	—	—		38,021		—			—			38,021
Common stock repurchased, inclusive of excise tax	(1,840)	(18)		(9,315)		—			(255,749)			(265,082)
Dividends declared ($0.3675 per share)	—	—		—		—			(122,453)			(122,453)
Balance at August 3, 2024	332,075	$	3,321	$	2,024,822	$	(705,046)		$	3,807,435		$	5,130,532
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Three Months Ended
	Six Months Ended
($000, unaudited)	~~May~~August 32, 2025		~~May~~August 43, 2024
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net earnings	$	~~479~~987,~~249~~244	$	~~487~~1,~~990~~015,138
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash providedby operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	~~115~~242,~~938~~337		~~109~~217,~~186~~781
Stock-based compensation	3983,~~296~~239		4078,~~447~~468
Deferred income taxes	2251,~~209~~945		10(1,~~488~~541)
Change in assets and liabilities:
Merchandise inventory	(~~225~~163,~~336~~972)		(~~269~~298,~~479~~338)
Other current assets	(5892,~~426~~049)		(5781,~~685~~363)
Accounts payable	67101,~~182~~937		~~179~~271,~~376~~582
Other current liabilities	(~~173~~83,~~946~~135)		(~~269~~197,~~973~~585)
Income taxes	~~139~~(54,~~086~~139)		~~138~~(46,~~959~~708)
Operating lease assets and liabilities, net	14,~~351~~301		26,~~267~~962
Other long-term, net	~~3,112~~369		(23,~~655~~354)
Net cash provided by operating activities	~~409~~1,~~715~~078,077		~~368~~961,~~921~~042
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Additions to property and equipment	(~~207~~409,~~378~~105)		(~~136~~333,~~249~~735)
Net cash used in investing activities	(~~207~~409,~~378~~105)		(~~136~~333,~~249~~735)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Issuance of common stock related to stock plans	612,~~143~~380		612,~~224~~418
Treasury stock purchased	(6064,~~131~~420)		(7071,~~480~~728)
Repurchase of common stock	(~~262~~525,~~521~~021)		(~~262~~524,~~479~~979)
Dividends paid	(133,300)		(123,298)
Excise tax paid on repurchase of common stock	(9,443)		—
Dividends paid	(265,637)		(245,751)
Payment of long-term debt	(700,000)		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,~~149~~552,~~809~~141)		(~~450~~830,~~033~~040)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents	(~~947~~883,~~472~~169)		(~~217~~202,~~361~~733)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of period	4,796,462		4,935,441
End of period	$	3,~~848~~913,~~990~~293	$	4,~~718~~732,~~080~~708
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures
Interest paid	$	35,939	$	40,158
Income taxes paid (refunded), net	$	334	$	(375)
Income taxes paid, net	$	326,449	$	372,756

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Three and Six Months Ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024

(Unaudited)

Note A: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared from the records of Ross Stores, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) without audit and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting of only normal, recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, and the results of operations, comprehensive income, and stockholders’ equity for the three and six month periods ended August 2, 2025 and August 3, 2024, and the cash flows for the ~~three~~six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of February 1, 2025, presented herein, has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year then ended.

Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted for purposes of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, including notes thereto, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 1, 2025.

The results of operations, comprehensive income, and stockholders’ equity for the three and six month periods ended August 2, 2025 and August 3, 2024, and the cash flows for the ~~three~~six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024 presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. The fiscal years ending January 31, 2026 and February 1, 2025 are referred to as fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, respectively, and are both 52-week years. The three month periods ended ~~May 3~~August 2, 2025 and ~~May 4~~August 3, 2024 are referred to as the ~~first~~second quarter of fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, respectively.

Use of accounting estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s significant accounting estimates include valuation reserves for inventory, packaway and other inventory carrying costs, useful lives of fixed assets, insurance reserves, reserves for uncertain tax positions, and legal claims.

Segment reporting. The Company has one reportable segment. Refer to Note G: Segment Reporting for additional information.

Cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid, fixed income instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less. The institutions where these instruments are held could potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company manages its risk associated with these instruments by primarily holding its cash and cash equivalents across a highly diversified set of banks and other financial institutions.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents. Restricted cash and cash equivalents serve as collateral for certain insurance obligations. These restricted funds are invested in bank deposits, money market mutual funds, and U.S. Government and agency securities and cannot be withdrawn from the Company’s account without the prior written consent of the secured parties. The classification between current and long-term is based on the timing of expected payments of the obligations.

The Company uses standby letters of credit in addition to a funded trust to collateralize certain insurance obligations. The standby letters of credit are collateralized by restricted cash. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, February 1, 2025, and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, the Company had $1.0 million, $1.8 million, and $2.2 million, respectively, in standby letters of credit outstanding. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, February 1, 2025, and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, the Company had $6465.63 million, $63.9 million, and $6162.64 million, respectively, in a collateral trust.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, that reconcile to the amounts shown on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

($000)

~~May~~August 32, 2025

February 1, 2025

~~May~~August 43, 2024

Cash and cash equivalents

3,~~783~~847,~~413~~016

4,730,744

4,~~654~~668,~~316~~137

Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in:

Prepaid expenses and other

17,~~050~~232

17,087

14,~~666~~851

Other long-term assets

4849,~~527~~045

48,631

49,~~098~~720

Total restricted cash and cash equivalents

6566,~~577~~277

65,718

6364,~~764~~571

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents

3,~~848~~913,~~990~~293

4,796,462

4,~~718~~732,~~080~~708

Property and equipment. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, the Company had $2932.27 million and $3433.49 million, respectively, of property and equipment purchased but not yet paid. These purchases are included in Property and equipment, Accounts payable, and Accrued expenses and other in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. ~~For~~Depreciation ~~the three month periods ended May 3, 2025~~ and ~~May 4, 2024, depreciation and~~ amortization expense on property and equipment ~~was~~for ~~$115.9~~the ~~million~~three and ~~$109.~~six month periods ended August 2, ~~million~~2025 and August 3, ~~respectively.~~2024 were as follows:

Operating leases. Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities (includes new leases and remeasurements or modifications of existing leases) were as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
($000)	August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	126,399	$	108,595	$	242,337	$	217,781

	Three Months Ended
($000)	May 3, 2025		May 4, 2024
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$	202,703	$	248,336

Operating leases. Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities (includes new leases and remeasurements or modifications of existing leases) for the six month periods ended August 2, 2025 and August 3, 2024 were $427.4 million and $440.6 million, respectively.

Supply chain finance program. The Company facilitates a voluntary supply chain finance program (“SCF program”) to provide certain suppliers with the opportunity to sell their receivables due from the Company to participating financial institutions at the sole discretion of both the suppliers and the financial institutions. A third-party financial institution administers the SCF program. The Company’s responsibility is limited to making payments on the terms originally negotiated with each supplier, regardless of whether a supplier sells its receivable to a financial institution. The Company is not a party to the agreements between the participating financial institutions and the suppliers in connection with the SCF program, and does not receive financial incentives from the suppliers or the financial institutions. The Company does not provide guarantees under the SCF program, and the Company’s rights and obligations to its suppliers are not affected by the SCF program. The range of payment terms negotiated with a supplier is consistent, irrespective of whether a supplier participates in the SCF program.

All outstanding payments owed under the SCF program are recorded within Accounts payable in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company accounts for all payments made under the SCF program as a reduction to operating cash flows in Accounts payable within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The amounts owed to participating financial institutions under the SCF program and included in Accounts payable were $~~162~~186.28 million, $159.2 million, and $~~161~~182.5 million as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, February 1, 2025, and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, respectively.

Cash dividends. On ~~May~~August 2120, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.4050 per common share, payable on ~~June~~September 30, 2025. The Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.4050 per common share in March and May 2025, and $0.3675 per common share in March, May, August, and November 2024.

Stock repurchases. In March 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a two-year stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $2.1 billion of the Company’s common stock through fiscal 2025. During the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025, the Company repurchased 23.09 million shares of common stock for $~~262~~525.50 million (excluding excise tax) under this program. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, there was $~~787~~525.50 million available for repurchase under this program. During the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 43, 2024, the Company repurchased 13.97 million shares of common stock for $~~262~~525.50 million (excluding excise tax) under this program.

Stock repurchased for tax withholding is considered treasury stock which is available for reissuance. During the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025, shares purchased by the Company for tax withholding totaled 32,000 and ~~May~~518,000, respectively. During the three and six month periods ended August 43, 2024, shares purchased by the Company for tax withholding totaled ~~486~~9,000 and ~~485~~494,000, respectively.

Litigation, claims, and assessments. Like many retailers, the Company has been named in class/representative action lawsuits, primarily in California, alleging violations by the Company of wage and hour laws. Class/representative action litigation remains pending as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025.

The Company is also party to various other legal and regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Actions filed against the Company may include commercial, product and product safety, consumer, intellectual property, environmental, and labor and employment-related claims, including lawsuits in which private plaintiffs or governmental agencies allege that the Company violated federal, state, and/or local laws. Actions against the Company are in various procedural stages. Many of these proceedings raise factual and legal issues and are subject to uncertainties.

In the opinion of management, the resolution of currently pending class/representative action litigation and other currently pending legal and regulatory proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Revenue recognition. The following sales mix table disaggregates revenue by merchandise category for the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	May 3, 2025		May 4, 2024
	August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Home Accents and Bed and Bath	2623	%	2624	%	24	%	25	%
Ladies	23	%	23	%	23	%	23	%
Accessories, Lingerie, Fine Jewelry, and Cosmetics	15	%	15	%
Men’s	17	%	17	%	16	%	16	%
Men’s	14	%	14	%
Accessories, Lingerie, Fine Jewelry, and Cosmetics	15	%	14	%	15	%	14	%
Shoes	13	%	13	%	13	%	13	%
Children’s	9	%	9	%	9	%	9	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

Interest income, net. The table below shows the components of interest income, net for the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
($000)	~~May~~August 32, 2025		~~May~~August 43, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Interest income	$	(4640,~~868~~326)	$	(6360,~~218~~282)	$	(87,194)	$	(123,500)
Capitalized interest	(52,~~404~~963)		(4,~~265~~577)		(8,367)		(8,842)
Other interest expense	~~400~~392		~~358~~367		792		725
Interest expense on long-term debt	1710,~~463~~551		21,~~175~~142		28,014		42,317
Interest income, net	$	(3432,~~409~~346)	$	(4543,~~950~~350)	$	(66,755)	$	(89,300)

Recently issued accounting standards. In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The ASU is intended to enhance transparency of income statement disclosures primarily through additional disaggregation of relevant expense captions. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with prospective or retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. It requires the Company to disclose disaggregated jurisdictional and categorical information for the tax rate reconciliation and the amount of income taxes paid as well as additional income tax related amounts. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

Note B: Fair Value Measurements

Accounting standards pertaining to fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The inputs used to measure fair value include: Level 1, observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists. This fair value hierarchy requires the Company to develop its own assumptions, maximize the use of observable inputs, and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Corporate and U.S. government and agency securities are classified within Level 1 because these securities are valued using quoted market prices.

The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

($000)	~~May~~August 32, 2025		February 1, 2025		~~May~~August 43, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents (Level 1)	$	3,~~783~~847,~~413~~016	$	4,730,744	$	4,~~654~~668,~~316~~137
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (Level 1)	$	6566,~~577~~277	$	65,718	$	6364,~~764~~571

The underlying assets in the Company’s nonqualified deferred compensation program as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, February 1, 2025, and ~~May~~August 43, 2024 (included in Other long-term assets and in Other long-term liabilities) primarily consist of participant-directed money market, stock, and bond funds. The fair value measurement for funds with quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1) are as follows:

($000)			~~May~~August 32, 2025						February 1, 2025						~~May~~August 43, 2024
Nonqualified deferred compensation program (Level 1)			$	~~195~~204,~~123~~363					$	196,786					$	~~175~~181,~~875~~855

Note C: Stock-Based Compensation

Restricted stock awards. The Company grants shares of restricted stock or restricted stock units to directors, officers, and key employees. The fair value of shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units at the date of grant is amortized to expense over the vesting period of generally three to five years.

Performance share awards. The Company has a performance share award program for senior executives. A performance share award represents a right to receive shares of restricted stock on a specified settlement date based on the Company’s attainment of a performance goal during the performance period, which is the Company’s fiscal year. If attained, the restricted stock then vests over a service period, generally three years from the date the performance award was granted.

In fiscal 2024, the Company granted a performance-conditioned restricted stock unit award (“PRSU”) in connection with the hiring of its current Chief Executive Officer. The PRSU is subject to vesting based on both service and market-based conditions, over a period that ends in March 2029.

Restricted stock awards and performance awards (including the PRSU) are collectively referred to as stock awards.

A summary of stock awards activity for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025, is presented below:

	Number of shares (000)	Weighted-averagegrant datefair value
Unvested at February 1, 2025	4,157	$	117.02
Awarded	~~582~~1,025	~~126~~136.7266
Released	(1,~~110~~190)	111.5640
Forfeited	(4085)	~~111~~119.8127
Unvested at May 3, 2025	3,589	$	120.34
Unvested at August 2, 2025	3,907	$	123.84

The 51,164 PRSU shares awarded in fiscal 2024 all remain unvested as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the PRSU shares was $135.83.

The unamortized stock awards compensation expense at ~~May~~August 32, 2025 was $~~260~~278.32 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.1.9 years. The unamortized stock award compensation expense at ~~May~~August 43, 2024 was $~~277~~235.87 million, which was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.1.9 years.

Employee stock purchase plan. Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), eligible employees participating in the quarterly offering period can choose to have up to the lesser of 10% of their annual base earnings or the IRS annual share purchase limit of $25,000 in aggregate market value withheld to purchase the Company’s common stock. The purchase price of the stock is 85% of the closing market price on the date of purchase. Purchases occur on a quarterly basis (on the last trading day of each calendar quarter). The Company recognizes expense for ESPP purchase rights equal to the value of the 15% discount given on the purchase date.

For the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
($000)	~~May~~August 32, 2025		~~May~~August 43, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Restricted stock	$	2627,~~349~~200	$	2321,~~234~~676	$	53,549	$	44,910
Performance awards	1115,~~862~~643		1615,~~114~~252		27,505		31,366
Employee stock purchase plan	1,~~085~~100		1,~~099~~093		2,185		2,192
Total	$	3943,~~296~~943	$	4038,~~447~~021	$	83,239	$	78,468

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
Statements of Earnings Classification ($000)	~~May~~August 32, 2025		~~May~~August 43, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Cost of goods sold	$	1718,~~603~~660	$	1917,~~625~~066	$	36,263	$	36,691
Selling, general and administrative	2125,~~693~~283		20,~~822~~955		46,976		41,777
Total	$	3943,~~296~~943	$	4038,~~447~~021	$	83,239	$	78,468

The tax benefits related to stock-based compensation expense for the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 were $7.2 million and ~~May~~$13.8 million, respectively. The tax benefits related to stock-based compensation expense for the three and six month periods ended August 43, 2024 were $67.61 million and $715.90 million, respectively.

Note D: Earnings Per Share

The Company computes and reports both basic earnings per share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net earnings by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the total potential dilution that could occur from outstanding equity plan awards and unvested shares of both performance and non-performance based awards of restricted stock and restricted stock units.

Shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS if their effect would have been anti-dilutive to the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025, approximately 28,000 and ~~May~~57,000 weighted-average shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS, respectively. For the three and six month periods ended August 43, 2024, approximately ~~286~~2,000 and ~~220~~3,000 weighted-average shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS, respectively.

The following is a reconciliation of the number of shares (denominator) used in the basic and diluted EPS computations:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
Shares in (000s)	Basic EPS		Effect ofdilutivecommon stockequivalents		DilutedEPS		Basic EPS		Effect ofdilutivecommon stockequivalents		DilutedEPS
May 3, 2025
August 2, 2025
Shares	~~324~~323,~~877~~000		21,~~128~~796		~~327~~324,~~005~~796		323,938		1,971		325,909
Amount	$	1.4857	$	(0.01)	$	1.4756	$	3.05	$	(0.02)	$	3.03
May 4, 2024
August 3, 2024
Shares	~~331~~329,~~258~~392		2,~~479~~119		~~333~~331,~~737~~511		330,325		2,295		332,620
Amount	$	1.4760	$	(0.01)	$	1.4659	$	3.07	$	(0.02)	$	3.05

Note E: Debt

Senior Notes. Unsecured senior debt (the “Senior Notes”), net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs, consisted of the following:

($000)	~~May~~August 32, 2025		February 1, 2025		~~May~~August 43, 2024
3.375% Senior Notes due 2024	$	—	$	—	$	249,~~827~~943
4.600% Senior Notes due 2025	—		699,731		~~698~~699,~~763~~085
0.875% Senior Notes due 2026	~~498~~499,~~812~~122		498,503		497,~~576~~885
4.700% Senior Notes due 2027	~~240~~241,~~890~~003		240,778		240,~~445~~555
4.800% Senior Notes due 2030	~~132~~133,~~998~~043		132,953		132,~~820~~864
1.875% Senior Notes due 2031	496,~~533~~676		496,390		~~495~~496,~~962~~105
5.450% Senior Notes due 2050	146,~~476~~496		146,456		146,~~397~~417
Total long-term debt1	$	1,~~515~~516,~~709~~340	$	2,214,811	$	2,~~461~~462,~~790~~854
Less: current portion	$	~~498~~499,~~812~~122	$	699,731	$	~~948~~949,~~590~~028
Total due beyond one year	$	1,~~016~~017,~~897~~218	$	1,515,080	$	1,513,~~200~~826
1 Net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs of $9.3 million, $10.2 million, and $13.2 million as of May 3, 2025, February 1, 2025, and May 4, 2024, respectively.
1 Net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs of $8.7 million, $10.2 million, and $12.1 million as of August 2, 2025, February 1, 2025, and August 3, 2024, respectively.

Interest on all Senior Notes is payable semi-annually and the Senior Notes are subject to prepayment penalties for early payment of principal.

In April 2025, the Company repaid at maturity the $700 million principal amount of the 4.600% Senior Notes.

~~The~~In ~~aggregate~~April ~~fair~~2025, ~~value of~~ the ~~remaining~~Company ~~five~~repaid ~~outstanding~~at ~~series~~maturity ofthe ~~Senior Notes was approximately~~ $~~1.4~~700 ~~billion~~million asprincipal ofamount ~~May 3, 2025. The aggregate fair value~~ of the ~~six then outstanding series of Senior Notes was approximately $2~~4.~~1 billion~~600% ~~as of February 1, 2025. The aggregate fair value of the seven then outstanding series of~~ Senior Notes ~~was approximately $2~~.~~3 billion as of May 4, 2024. The fair value is estimated by obtaining comparable market quotes, which are considered to be Level 1 inputs under the fair value measurements and disclosures guidance.~~

~~Revolving credit facilities.~~ The ~~Company’s~~aggregate ~~$1.3 billion~~fair ~~senior~~value ~~unsecured~~of ~~revolving~~the ~~credit~~remaining ~~facility~~five ~~(“Credit~~outstanding ~~Facility”)~~series ~~expires~~of inSenior ~~February~~Notes ~~2027~~was ~~and~~approximately ~~may~~$1.4 billion beas ~~extended~~of atAugust 2, ~~the~~2025. ~~Company’s~~The ~~request~~aggregate ~~for~~fair upvalue toof ~~two~~the ~~additional~~six ~~one-year~~then ~~periods~~outstanding ~~subject~~series toof ~~customary~~Senior ~~conditions.~~Notes ~~The~~was ~~Credit~~approximately ~~Facility contains a~~ $~~300~~2.1 ~~million~~billion ~~sublimit~~as ~~for issuance~~ of ~~standby~~February 1, ~~letters of credit~~2025. ItThe ~~also~~aggregate ~~contains~~fair anvalue ~~option~~of ~~allowing~~ the ~~Company~~seven tothen ~~increase~~outstanding ~~the~~series ~~size~~ of ~~its~~Senior ~~Credit~~Notes ~~Facility~~was byapproximately ~~up to an additional~~ $~~700~~2.4 ~~million,~~billion ~~with~~as ~~the agreement~~ of ~~the~~August 3, ~~committing lenders~~2024. ~~Interest~~The onfair ~~borrowings~~value ~~under this Credit Facility~~ is aestimated ~~term~~by ~~rate~~obtaining ~~based~~comparable onmarket ~~the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”) (or an alternate benchmark rate~~quotes, ifwhich ~~Term~~are ~~SOFR~~considered isto nobe ~~longer~~Level ~~available)~~1 ~~plus~~inputs anunder ~~applicable~~the ~~margin~~fair ~~and~~value ismeasurements ~~payable quarterly~~ and ~~upon~~disclosures ~~maturity~~guidance.

~~The~~Revolving ~~Credit~~credit ~~Facility~~facilities. isIn ~~subject~~June to2025, the Company entered into a ~~quarterly~~new, ~~Consolidated~~$1.3 billion ~~Adjusted~~senior ~~Debt~~unsecured torevolving ~~Consolidated~~credit ~~EBITDAR~~facility ~~financial~~(the ~~leverage~~“2025 ~~ratio~~Credit ~~covenant.~~Facility”), Aswhich ofreplaced ~~May~~ its previous $1.3, billion unsecured credit facility. The 2025, ~~the~~Credit ~~Company~~Facility ~~was~~expires in ~~compliance~~June ~~with~~2030 and may be extended at the ~~financial~~Company’s ~~covenant,~~request ~~had~~for noup ~~borrowings~~to ortwo additional one-year periods subject to customary conditions. The 2025 Credit Facility contains a $300 million sublimit for issuance of standby letters of credit. ~~outstanding~~It ~~under~~also contains an option allowing the Company to increase the size of its Credit Facility by up to an additional $700 million, ~~and~~with the $1agreement of the committing lenders.~~3 billion~~ Interest on borrowings under this Credit Facility ~~remained~~is ina ~~place~~term ~~and~~rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”) (or an alternate benchmark rate, if Term SOFR is no longer available) plus an applicable margin, and is payable quarterly and upon maturity.

The 2025 Credit Facility is subject to a quarterly Consolidated Adjusted Debt to Consolidated EBITDAR financial leverage ratio covenant. As of August 2, 2025, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenant, had no borrowings or standby letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility, and the $1.3 billion Credit Facility remained in place and available.

Note F: Taxes on Earnings

The Company’s effective tax rate is impacted by changes in tax laws and accounting guidance, location of new stores, level of earnings, tax effects associated with stock-based compensation, and the resolution of tax positions with various tax authorities. ~~For~~The Company’s effective tax rates for the three month ~~period~~periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and August 3, ~~the~~2024 ~~Company’s~~were approximately 24% and 25%, respectively. The one percent decrease in the effective tax rate ~~was~~for ~~approximately~~the ~~25%~~three month period ended August 2, 2025 compared to ~~approximately~~the ~~23%~~three month period ended August 3, 2024 was primarily due to the resolution of tax positions with various tax authorities. The Company’s effective tax rates for the ~~three~~six month ~~period~~periods ended ~~May~~August 42, 2025 and August 3, 2024 were approximately 25% and 24%, respectively. The one percent increase in the effective tax rate ~~of 2%~~ for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 compared to the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 43, 2024 was primarily due to the tax effects associated with stock-based compensation.

As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, February 1, 2025, and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, the reserves for unrecognized tax benefits were $6466.95 million, $62.2 million, and $6063.02 million, inclusive of $98.09 million, $7.9 million, and $78.0 million of related interest and penalties, respectively. The Company accounts for interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a part of its provision for taxes on earnings. If recognized, $5152.58 million would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that certain federal and state tax matters may be concluded or statutes of limitations may lapse during the next 12 months. Accordingly, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by up to $129.7 million. The difference between the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits and the amounts that would impact the effective tax rate relates to amounts attributable to deferred income tax assets and liabilities. These amounts are net of federal and state income taxes.

The Company is open to audit by the Internal Revenue Service under the statute of limitations for fiscal years 2021 through 2024. The Company’s state income tax returns are generally open to audit under the various statutes of limitations for fiscal years 2020 through 2024. Certain state tax returns are currently under audit by various tax authorities. The Company does not expect the results of these audits to have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In July 2025, “An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.”, also known as “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (“OBBBA”), was signed into law. The OBBBA made several changes to business tax provisions including the reinstatement of 100% bonus depreciation and immediate expensing of domestic research and development expenditures. As of August 2, 2025, the OBBBA resulted in an increase to the Company’s deferred tax liability balance of approximately $30 million primarily due to the reinstatement of 100% bonus depreciation.

Note G: Segment Reporting

The Company has ~~one reportable segment. As of May 3, 2025, the Company identified~~ two operating segments: Ross and dd’s DISCOUNTS. Each operating segment’s operations include only activities related to off-price retailing in stores throughout the United States and its territories. The Company determined that the two operating segments share similar economic and other qualitative characteristics and are therefore aggregated into one reportable segment.

The Company considers operating income, defined as earnings before interest and taxes, to be the measure of profit or loss for its reportable segment. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Total assets. Segment information is prepared on the same basis that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), manages the segments. The CODM uses operating income to monitor budget versus actual results, make key operating decisions, perform competitive analysis to the Company’s peers, and make resource allocation decisions.

14The financial information below, including the significant expense categories regularly provided to the CODM, is presented for the Company’s reportable segment for the three and six month periods ended August 2, 2025 and August 3, 2024:

The financial information below, including the significant expense categories regularly provided to the CODM, is presented for the Company’s reportable segment for the three month periods ended May 3, 2025 and May 4, 2024:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
($000)	August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Sales	$	5,529,152	$	5,287,519	$	10,514,123	$	10,145,586

Costs and Expenses1
Cost of goods sold, excluding occupancy costs2	3,669,114		3,477,186		6,923,765		6,657,652
Occupancy costs	333,053		314,743		659,768		624,949
Store related costs3	752,101		715,869		1,429,515		1,370,337
Other segment items4	136,610		120,488		256,331		242,302
Segment operating income	638,274		659,233		1,244,744		1,250,346
Interest income, net5	(32,346)		(43,350)		(66,755)		(89,300)
Earnings before taxes	$	670,620	$	702,583	$	1,311,499	$	1,339,646

1 Refer to Note A: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for depreciation and amortization expense.
2 Cost of goods sold, excluding occupancy costs primarily includes merchandise related costs, distribution costs, freight costs, and buying costs.
3 Store related costs primarily includes store payroll, other store operating expenses, and advertising costs.
4 Other segment items included in Segment operating income primarily includes other general and administrative expenses.
5 Refer to Note A: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure of the components of Interest income, net.

	Three Months Ended
($000)	May 3, 2025		May 4, 2024
Sales	$	4,984,971	$	4,858,067
Less:
Costs and Expenses1
Cost of goods sold, excluding occupancy costs2	3,254,651		3,180,466
Occupancy costs	326,715		310,206
Store related costs3	677,414		654,467
Other segment items4	119,721		121,815
Segment operating income	606,470		591,113
Interest income, net5	(34,409)		(45,950)
Earnings before taxes	$	640,879	$	637,063
1 Refer to Note A: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for depreciation and amortization expense.
2 Cost of goods sold, excluding occupancy costs primarily includes merchandise related costs, distribution costs, freight costs, and buying costs.
3 Store related costs primarily includes store payroll, other store operating expenses, and advertising costs.
4 Other segment items included in Segment operating income primarily includes other general and administrative expenses.
5 Refer to Note A: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure of the components of Interest income, net.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Ross Stores, Inc.:

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets of Ross Stores, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, the related condensed consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, and stockholders’ equity, for the three and six month periods ended August 2, 2025 and August 3, 2024, and cash flows for the ~~three~~six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial information”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial information for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of February 1, 2025, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated March 31, 2025, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of February 1, 2025, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

This interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

San Francisco, California

~~June~~September 109, 2025

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF

OPERATIONS

This section and other parts of this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below under the caption “Forward-Looking Statements” and also those in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of this Form 10-Q, and Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2024. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2024. All information is based on our fiscal calendar.

Overview

Ross Stores, Inc. operates two brands of off-price retail apparel and home fashion stores—Ross Dress for Less® (“Ross”) and dd’s DISCOUNTS®. Ross is the largest off-price apparel and home fashion chain in the United States, with 1,~~847~~873 locations in 44 states, the District of Columbia, ~~and~~ Guam, and Puerto Rico as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025. Ross offers first-quality, in-season, name brand and designer apparel, accessories, footwear, and home fashions for the entire family at savings of 20% to 60% off department and specialty store regular prices every day. We also operate ~~358~~360 dd’s DISCOUNTS stores in 22 states as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025 that feature a more moderately-priced assortment of first-quality, in-season, name brand apparel, accessories, footwear, and home fashions for the entire family at savings of 20% to 70% off moderate department and discount store regular prices every day.

~~Heightened~~Macroeconomic macroeconomic pressures and geopolitical uncertainties, most notably prolonged inflation and evolving trade policies, continue to impact both consumer confidence and discretionary spending. Trade policy remains unpredictable, and although we directly import only a small portion of our merchandise, more than half of the goods we sell originate from China. If elevated tariff levels persist, it is possible we will see pressure on our level of profitability. We expect modest but broad-based inflationary pressures across the retail industry. However, we remain focused on maintaining a pricing umbrella below traditional retailers in order to continue delivering high quality, branded merchandise at great values to our customers.Conditions

The macroeconomic environment continues to be uncertain. Tariffs remain at elevated levels, and we continue to expect broad-based inflationary pressures across the retail industry. Through these ongoing pressures and uncertainty, we continue to remain focused on offering our customers a wide assortment of high-quality, branded ~~bargains~~merchandise at outstanding values. We ~~will~~expect to continue to make necessary adjustments with our flexible off-price business model to navigate through this uncertain environment and believe we are well-positioned to ~~gain~~capture market share while ~~minimizing~~mitigating the impact from ~~tariffs~~these macroeconomic challenges. Despite ~~prolonged~~the ~~inflation,~~ongoing ~~deteriorating~~uncertainty ~~consumer~~in ~~sentiment,~~the ~~and~~external ~~fluctuating tariff levels~~environment, we believe that our merchandising and operational strategies enable us to deliver the values our customers have come to expect from us.

Store Openings

We opened 31 new stores in the second quarter of fiscal 2025, which included expansion in new and existing markets. New market entries included several stores in the New York Metro area, as well as our three inaugural stores in Puerto Rico. We opened a total of 50 new stores in the first six months of fiscal 2025 and remain on track to open a total of approximately 90 new stores this year, comprised of about 80 Ross and 10 dd’s DISCOUNTS locations.

Our long-term strategy is to open additional stores based on market penetration, local demographic characteristics, competition, expected store profitability, and the ability to leverage overhead expenses. We continually evaluate opportunistic real estate acquisitions and opportunities for potential new store locations. We also evaluate our current store locations and determine store closures based on similar criteria. We continue to believe that customers’ focus on value and convenience provide opportunities for us to gain market share.

Sales Metrics

Comparable store sales (“comp store sales”) is a metric used by management and across the retail industry to evaluate the performance of existing stores by measuring the change in net sales for a particular period over the comparable prior period of equivalent length. We define comp store sales to be sales from stores that have been open for 14 complete months.

Sales excluded from comp store sales (“non-comp store sales”) consist primarily of sales from new stores that have been open for less than 14 complete months. Non-comp store sales also include sales from stores that are permanently closed (beginning in the month prior to closure) and temporarily closed (i.e., stores that do not have sales for at least two weeks within a fiscal month).

The calculation of comp store sales varies across the retail industry; therefore, our measure of comp store sales may differ from other retailers.

Metrics relating to customer purchasing behavior, such as “traffic” (defined as the number of transactions) and “basket” (defined as average transaction value), may provide additional insight into our comp store sales results (see Sales discussion).

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our financial results for the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	May 3, 2025			May 4, 2024
	August 2, 2025			August 3, 2024			August 2, 2025			August 3, 2024
Sales
Sales (millions)	$	4,985		$	4,858
Sales (billions)	$	5.5		$	5.3		$	10.5		$	10.1
Sales growth	35		%	87		%	4		%	8		%
Comparable store sales growth1	—		%	3		%
Comparable store sales growth	2		%	4		%	1		%	3		%
Costs and expenses (as a percent of sales)
Cost of goods sold	7172.84		%	71.97		%	72.1		%	71.8		%
Selling, general and administrative	16.01		%	15.98		%	16.1		%	15.9		%
Operating income (as a percent of sales)	1211.25		%	12.25		%	11.8		%	12.3		%
Interest income, net (as a percent of sales)	(0.76		%)	(0.98		%)	(0.6		%)	(0.9		%)
Net earnings (as a percent of sales)	9.62		%	10.0		%	9.4		%	10.0		%
1 Comparable stores are stores open for more than 14 complete months.

~~Stores~~Sales. ~~Our~~Sales ~~long-term~~for ~~strategy~~the isthree tomonth ~~open~~period ~~additional~~ended ~~stores based on market penetration~~August 2, ~~local~~2025 ~~demographic~~increased ~~characteristics,~~$0.2 ~~competition~~billion, ~~expected~~or ~~store profitability~~5%, ~~and~~compared to the ~~ability~~three tomonth ~~leverage~~period ~~overhead~~ended ~~expenses~~August 3, 2024. WeThis ~~continually~~was ~~evaluate~~primarily ~~opportunistic~~due ~~real~~to ~~estate~~an ~~acquisitions~~increase ~~and~~in ~~opportunities~~non-comp ~~for~~store ~~potential~~sales ~~new~~of ~~store locations~~$0.1 Webillion ~~also~~and ~~evaluate~~the ~~our~~2% ~~current~~increase ~~store~~in ~~locations~~comp ~~and determine~~ store ~~closures~~sales ~~based~~of on$0.1 ~~similar criteria~~billion. WeThe ~~continue~~2% toincrease ~~believe~~in ~~that~~comp ~~consumers’~~store ~~focus~~sales onreflects ~~value~~an ~~and~~approximate ~~convenience~~1% ~~provide~~increase ~~opportunities~~in ~~for~~basket usand to1% ~~gain~~increase ~~market~~in ~~share~~traffic.

WeSales ~~opened~~for 19the ~~new~~six ~~stores~~month inperiod ~~the~~ended ~~first~~August 2, ~~quarter~~2025 ofincreased ~~fiscal~~$0.4 ~~2025~~billion, ~~and~~or ~~expect~~4%, compared to ~~open~~the asix ~~total~~month ofperiod ~~approximately~~ended 90August 3, ~~new~~2024. ~~stores~~This ~~this~~was ~~year.~~primarily Wedue ~~expect~~ to ~~open~~an 31increase ~~stores~~ in non-comp store sales of $0.3 billion and the ~~three~~1% ~~month~~increase ~~period~~in ~~ending~~comp ~~August~~store 2sales, ~~2025,~~or ~~including~~$0.1 28billion. ~~Ross~~The ~~and~~1% ~~three~~increase ~~dd’s~~in ~~DISCOUNTS~~comp ~~locations~~store sales is primarily due to an increase in basket.

Our sales mix for the three and six month periods ended August 2, 2025 and August 3, 2024 is shown below:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Home Accents and Bed and Bath	23	%	24	%	24	%	25	%
Ladies	23	%	23	%	23	%	23	%
Men’s	17	%	17	%	16	%	16	%
Accessories, Lingerie, Fine Jewelry, and Cosmetics	15	%	14	%	15	%	14	%
Shoes	13	%	13	%	13	%	13	%
Children’s	9	%	9	%	9	%	9	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

~~The~~Cost ~~following~~of ~~table~~goods ~~summarizes~~sold. ~~the~~Cost ~~stores~~of ~~opened~~goods ~~and~~sold ~~closed~~for ~~during~~ the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 increased $210 million and ~~May~~$301 million, respectively, compared to the three and six month periods ended August 43, 2024: primarily due to the increases in sales.

	Three Months Ended
Store Count	May 3, 2025	May 4, 2024
Ross Dress for Less
Beginning of the period	1,831	1,764
Opened in the period	16	11
Closed in the period	—	—
Total Ross Dress for Less stores end of period	1,847	1,775
dd’s DISCOUNTS
Beginning of the period	355	345
Opened in the period	3	7
Closed in the period	—	—
Total dd’s DISCOUNTS stores end of period	358	352
Total stores end of period	2,205	2,127

Cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales for the three month period ended August 2, 2025 increased approximately 70 basis points compared to the three month period ended August 3, 2024, primarily due to a 55 basis point increase in distribution costs mainly due to the deleveraging effect from the opening of our eighth distribution center in Buckeye, Arizona in May 2025 and tariff-related processing costs. Merchandise margin decreased 30 basis points which included the impact of tariffs, and occupancy costs deleveraged 10 basis points. Partially offsetting these higher costs were lower domestic freight costs of 15 basis points and lower buying costs of 10 basis points from lower incentive compensation expense.

~~Sales.~~Cost ~~Sales~~of goods sold as a percentage of sales for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 increased ~~$126.9~~approximately ~~million,~~35 orbasis ~~2.6%,~~points compared to the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 43, 2024, primarily due to a 35 basis point decrease in merchandise margin which included the impact of tariffs. Distribution costs increased by 30 basis points mainly due to the deleveraging effect from the opening of 78our ~~net~~eighth ~~new~~distribution ~~stores~~center ~~between~~in ~~May 4~~Buckeye, ~~2024~~Arizona ~~and~~in May 3, 2025 and tariff-related processing costs. Occupancy costs deleveraged by 10 basis points. Partially offsetting these higher costs were lower buying costs of 25 basis points from lower incentive compensation expense and lower domestic freight costs of 15 basis points.

~~Our~~Selling, ~~sales~~general ~~mix~~and ~~for~~administrative expenses. For the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025, selling, general and ~~May~~administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased $52 million and $73 million, respectively, compared to the three and six month periods ended August 43, 2024, isprimarily ~~shown~~due ~~below:~~to higher store related costs mainly from the increase in sales.

	Three Months Ended
	May 3, 2025		May 4, 2024
Home Accents and Bed and Bath	26	%	26	%
Ladies	23	%	23	%
Accessories, Lingerie, Fine Jewelry, and Cosmetics	15	%	15	%
Men’s	14	%	14	%
Shoes	13	%	13	%
Children’s	9	%	9	%
Total	100	%	100	%

SG&A as a percentage of sales for the three and six month periods ended August 2, 2025 increased by 25 basis points and 15 basis points, respectively, compared to the three and six month periods ended August 3, 2024, primarily due to costs associated with our Chief Executive Officer transition.

~~Cost~~Operating ofincome. ~~goods~~Operating ~~sold.~~income ~~Cost~~as ofa ~~goods~~percentage ~~sold~~of sales for the three and six month ~~period~~periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 ~~increased~~decreased ~~$90.7~~by ~~million~~95 basis points and 50 basis points, respectively, compared to the three and six month ~~period~~periods ended ~~May~~August 43, 2024, ~~primarily~~as ~~due~~both tocost ~~higher~~of ~~sales~~goods ~~from~~sold ~~the~~and ~~opening~~SG&A ofincreased 78as ~~net~~a ~~new~~percentage ~~stores~~of ~~between~~sales ~~May 4,~~period ~~2024~~over ~~and May 3, 2025~~period.

~~Cost~~Operating ofincome ~~goods sold~~ as a percentage of sales for the ~~three~~second ~~month~~quarter ~~period~~of ~~ended~~fiscal ~~May 3,~~ 2025 ~~was~~included ~~relatively~~an ~~flat~~approximate ~~compared~~90 tobasis ~~the~~point ~~three~~negative ~~month~~impact ~~period~~from ~~ended~~tariff-related ~~May 4, 2024~~costs. ~~Compared~~Moving tointo the ~~prior~~second ~~year~~half ~~period,~~of ~~there~~fiscal ~~was~~2025, awe 45expect ~~basis~~tariff-related ~~point~~costs ~~decrease~~will incontinue ~~merchandise~~to ~~margin~~have ~~mainly~~a ~~due~~negative impact to ~~higher~~operating ~~ocean~~income ~~freight~~as ~~costs~~a ~~and~~percentage ~~the initial impact~~ of ~~tariffs~~sales. ~~Occupancy~~We ~~and~~also ~~distribution~~expect ~~costs~~continued ~~rose~~cost byof 20goods ~~basis~~sold ~~points~~deleverage ~~and~~from ~~five~~the ~~basis~~opening ~~points,~~of ~~respectively.~~our ~~Buying~~eighth ~~costs~~distribution ~~declined~~center byin ~~50 basis points from lower incentive compensation expense~~Buckeye, ~~and~~Arizona ~~domestic~~in ~~freight~~May ~~costs levered by 20 basis points~~2025.

~~Moving~~Interest ~~into~~income, net. For the ~~second~~three ~~quarter~~and ofsix ~~fiscal~~month periods ended August 2, 2025, weinterest ~~expect~~income, ~~merchandise~~net ~~margin~~decreased $11 million and $23 million, respectively, compared to ~~decrease~~the asthree aand ~~percentage~~six ofmonth ~~sales~~periods ended August 3, 2024, primarily due to ~~the~~decreased ~~impact~~interest income both from ~~announced~~lower ~~tariffs~~average ~~and~~interest ~~distribution~~rates ~~costs~~and tofrom ~~increase~~lower asaverage acash ~~percentage~~balances, ofwhich ~~sales~~decreased ~~primarily~~largely due to ~~the~~our ~~opening~~repayment at maturity of ~~our~~$700 million ~~eighth~~of ~~distribution~~Senior ~~center~~Notes in ~~Buckeye,~~April ~~Arizona~~2025 and $250 million of Senior Notes in ~~May~~September ~~2025~~2024. WeThe ~~expect~~decrease ~~these~~in ~~costs~~interest toincome bewas partially offset by lower ~~incentive~~interest ~~compensation~~ expense due to the repayment of those Senior Notes.

~~Selling,~~The ~~general~~table ~~and~~below ~~administrative~~shows ~~expenses. For~~ the ~~three~~components ~~month~~of ~~period~~interest ~~ended May 3~~income, ~~2025,~~net ~~selling,~~for ~~general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased $20.9 million compared to~~ the three and six month ~~period~~periods ended ~~May~~August 42, ~~2024,~~2025 ~~primarily due to the opening of 78 net new stores between May 4, 2024~~ and ~~May~~August 3, ~~2025, partially offset by lower incentive compensation expense.~~2024:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
($000)	August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024		August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024
Interest income	$	(40,326)	$	(60,282)	$	(87,194)	$	(123,500)
Capitalized interest	(2,963)		(4,577)		(8,367)		(8,842)
Other interest expense	392		367		792		725
Interest expense on long-term debt	10,551		21,142		28,014		42,317
Interest income, net	$	(32,346)	$	(43,350)	$	(66,755)	$	(89,300)

~~SG&A~~Taxes ason aearnings. ~~percentage~~Our effective tax rate is impacted by changes in tax laws and accounting guidance, location of ~~sales~~new stores, level of earnings, tax effects associated with stock-based compensation, and the resolution of tax positions with various tax authorities. Our effective tax rates for the three month ~~period~~periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 ~~was~~and ~~relatively~~August 3, ~~flat~~2024 were approximately 24% and 25%, respectively. The one percent decrease in the effective tax rate for the three month period ended August 2, 2025 compared to the three month period ended ~~May~~August 43, 2024 was primarily due to the resolution of tax positions with various tax authorities. Our effective tax rates for the six month periods ended August 2, as2025 and August 3, 2024 were approximately 25% and 24%, respectively. The one percent increase in the ~~benefit~~effective ~~from~~tax ~~lower~~rate ~~incentive~~for ~~compensation~~the ~~expense~~six month period ended August 2, 2025 compared to the six month period ended August 3, 2024 was ~~offset~~primarily bydue ~~sales~~to ~~deleverage~~the tax effects associated with stock-based compensation.

~~Moving~~In July 2025, the OBBBA was signed into law. The OBBBA made several changes to business tax provisions including the ~~second~~reinstatement ~~quarter~~of 100% bonus depreciation and immediate expensing of ~~fiscal~~domestic research and development expenditures. As of August 2, 2025, wethe ~~expect~~OBBBA ~~lower~~resulted ~~incentive~~in ~~compensation~~an ~~expense~~increase asto aour ~~percentage~~deferred tax liability balance of ~~sales~~approximately ~~compared~~$30 million primarily due to the ~~prior~~reinstatement ~~year~~of 100% bonus depreciation.

~~Operating~~Earnings ~~income~~per share. ~~Operating~~Diluted ~~income~~earnings asper ashare ~~percentage of sales~~ for the three month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 was ~~flat~~$1.56 compared to $1.59 for the three month period ended ~~May~~August 43, 2024. The $0.03 decrease in the diluted earnings per share for the three month period ended August 2, as2025 ~~both~~was ~~cost~~primarily ofattributable ~~goods~~to ~~sold~~an ~~and~~approximately ~~SG&A~~4% ~~were~~decrease ~~relatively~~in ~~flat~~net asearnings, partially offset by a ~~percentage~~2% ofreduction ~~sales~~in ~~period~~weighted-average ~~over~~diluted ~~period~~shares outstanding largely due to stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

~~Moving~~Diluted ~~into~~earnings per share for the ~~second~~six ~~quarter~~month ofperiod ~~fiscal~~ended ~~2025~~August 2, we2025 ~~anticipate~~was ~~operating~~$3.03 ~~income~~compared to ~~decrease~~$3.05 asfor athe ~~percentage~~six ofmonth ~~sales~~period ~~compared~~ended toAugust 3, ~~the~~2024. ~~prior~~The ~~year~~$0.02 asdecrease ain ~~result~~the ofdiluted ~~lower~~earnings ~~merchandise~~per ~~margin~~share ~~primarily~~for ~~due~~the tosix ~~the~~month ~~impact~~period ~~from~~ended ~~announced~~August 2, ~~tariffs~~2025 ~~and~~was ~~higher~~primarily ~~distribution~~attributable ~~costs~~to ~~primarily~~an ~~from~~approximately ~~the~~3% ~~opening~~decrease ofin ~~our~~net ~~eighth~~earnings, ~~distribution~~partially ~~center~~offset inby ~~Buckeye,~~a ~~Arizona~~2% reduction in ~~May~~weighted-average ~~2025,~~diluted ~~partially~~shares ~~offset~~outstanding bylargely ~~lower~~due ~~incentive~~to ~~compensation~~stock ~~expense~~repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

~~Interest~~Earnings ~~income,~~for ~~net.~~both ~~For~~ the three and six month ~~period~~periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025, ~~interest~~included ~~income,~~approximately ~~net~~an ~~decreased~~ $110.~~5 million~~11 ~~compared~~per toshare ~~the~~negative ~~three~~impact ~~month period ended May 4, 2024, primarily due to decreased interest income both~~ from ~~lower~~tariff-related average interest rates and from lower average cash balances, which decreased largely due to our repayment at maturity of $700 million of Senior Notes in April 2025 and $250 million of Senior Notes in September 2024costs. ~~The decrease in interest income was partially offset by lower interest expense due to the repayment of those Senior Notes.~~

Stores. The following table ~~below~~summarizes ~~shows~~ the ~~components~~stores ofopened ~~interest~~and ~~income,~~closed ~~net~~during ~~for~~ the three and six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
($000)	May 3, 2025		May 4, 2024
Store Count	August 2, 2025		August 3, 2024		August 2, 2025	August 3, 2024
Interest income	$	(46,868)	$	(63,218)
Ross Dress for Less
Capitalized interest	(5,404)		(4,265)
Beginning of the period	1,847		1,775		1,831	1,764
Other interest expense	400		358
Opened in the period	28		21		44	32
Interest expense on long-term debt	17,463		21,175
Closed in the period	(2)		(1)		(2)	(1)
Interest income, net	$	(34,409)	$	(45,950)
Total Ross Dress for Less stores end of period	1,873		1,795		1,873	1,795
dd’s DISCOUNTS
Beginning of the period	358		352		355	345
Opened in the period	3		3		6	10
Closed in the period	(1)		(2)		(1)	(2)
Total dd’s DISCOUNTS stores end of period	360		353		360	353
Total stores end of period	2,233		2,148		2,233	2,148

Taxes on earnings. Our effective tax rate is impacted by changes in tax laws and accounting guidance, location of new stores, level of earnings, tax effects associated with stock-based compensation, and the resolution of tax positions with various tax authorities. For the three month period ended May 3, 2025, our effective tax rate was approximately 25% compared to approximately 23% for the three month period ended May 4, 2024. The increase in the effective tax rate of 2% for the three month period ended May 3, 2025 compared to the three month period ended May 4, 2024 was primarily due to the tax effects associated with stock-based compensation.

Earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share for the three month period ended May 3, 2025 was $1.47 compared to $1.46 for the three month period ended May 4, 2024. The $0.01 increase in the diluted earnings per share for the three month period ended May 3, 2025 was primarily attributable to a 2% reduction in weighted-average diluted shares outstanding largely due to stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program, partially offset by approximately a 1% decrease in net earnings.

Financial Condition

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The primary sources of funds for our business activities are cash flows from operations and short-term trade credit. Our primary ongoing cash requirements are for merchandise inventory purchases, payroll, operating and variable lease costs, taxes, capital expenditures related to new and existing stores, and investments in distribution centers, information systems, and buying and corporate offices. We also use cash to repurchase stock under active stock repurchase programs, repay debt as it becomes due, and pay dividends. We repaid at maturity $700 million of our Senior Notes in April 2025. AsThe ~~of May 3, 2025, we had~~ $500 million principal amount of 0.875% Senior Notes ~~that~~is ~~will~~due ~~reach maturity~~ in April 2026.

Three Months Ended

Six Months Ended

($ millions)

~~May~~August 32, 2025

~~May~~August 43, 2024

Cash provided by operating activities

~~410~~1,078

~~369~~961

Cash used in investing activities

(~~207~~409)

(~~136~~334)

Cash used in financing activities

(1,~~150~~552)

(~~450~~830)

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents

(~~947~~883)

(~~217~~203)

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $~~410~~1.1 ~~million~~billion for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025. This was primarily driven by net earnings excluding non-cash expenses for depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation, partially offset by the payment of fiscal 2024 incentive bonuses. Net cash provided by operating activities was $~~369~~961 million for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 43, 2024. This was primarily driven by net earnings excluding non-cash expenses for depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation, partially offset by the payment of fiscal 2023 incentive bonuses.

The increase in cash flow provided by operating activities for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year was primarily driven by lower income taxes paid and lower incentive compensation payments.

Accounts payable leverage (defined as accounts payable divided by merchandise inventory) was 8185% and 8689% as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, respectively. The decrease in accounts payable leverage was primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and related payments versus last year.

As a regular part of our business, packaway inventory levels will vary over time based on availability of compelling merchandise purchase opportunities in the marketplace and our decisions on the timing for release of that inventory to our stores. Packaway merchandise is purchased with the intent that it will be stored in our warehouses until a later date. The timing of the release of packaway inventory to our stores is principally driven by the product mix and seasonality of the merchandise, and its relation to our store merchandise assortment plans. As such, the aging of packaway varies by merchandise category and seasonality of purchase, but typically packaway remains in storage for less than six months. We expect to continue to take advantage of packaway inventory opportunities to maximize our ability to deliver bargains to our customers.

Changes in packaway inventory levels affect our operating cash flow. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and February 1, 2025, packaway inventory was 38% and 41% of total inventory.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $~~207~~409 million and $~~136~~334 million for the ~~three~~six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, respectively, and was related to our capital expenditures. Our capital expenditures include costs to open new stores and improve existing stores, build, expand, and improve distribution centers, and for various other expenditures related to our information technology systems and buying and corporate offices.

The change in cash used in investing activities for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025, compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, was primarily due to higher capital expenditures in the current year related to the construction of our next distribution center in Randleman, North Carolina and the opening of new stores.

Capital expenditures for fiscal 2025 are currently projected to be approximately $~~855~~800 million. Our planned capital expenditures for fiscal 2025 are for costs to open new stores and improve existing stores, investments in our supply chain to support long-term growth, including construction of our next distribution ~~centers~~center, investments in our information technology systems, and for various other expenditures related to our stores, distribution centers, and buying and corporate offices. We expect to fund capital expenditures with available cash.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $1.16 billion for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 primarily resulting from the repayment at maturity of the $700 million principal amount of 4.600% Senior Notes in April 2025, stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program, and dividend payments. Net cash used in financing activities was $~~450~~830 million for the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 43, 2024 primarily resulting from stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program and dividend payments.

Revolving credit facilities. WeIn ~~have~~June 2025, we entered into a new, $1.3 billion ~~senior~~2025 ~~unsecured~~Credit ~~revolving~~Facility, which replaced our previous $1.3 billion unsecured credit facility. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, we had no borrowings or standby letters of credit outstanding under the 2025 Credit Facility, our 2025 Credit Facility remained in place and available, and we were in compliance with the financial covenant. Refer to Note E: Debt in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Senior notes. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, we had approximately $1.5 billion of outstanding unsecured Senior Notes, of which $499 million was classified ~~within~~in Current Liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for the period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025. Refer to Note E: Debt in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Other financing activities. In March 2024, our Board of Directors approved a two-year program to repurchase up to $2.1 billion of our common stock through fiscal 2025. During the ~~three~~six month period ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025, we repurchased 23.09 million shares of common stock for $~~262.5~~525 million (excluding excise tax) under this program. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, there was $~~787.5~~525 million available for repurchase under this program.

During the ~~three~~six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, we also acquired 0.5 million shares of treasury stock in each period to cover employee tax withholding obligations under our employee equity compensation programs, for aggregate purchase prices of approximately $~~60.1~~64 million and $~~70.5~~72 million, respectively.

On ~~May 21~~August 20, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.4050 per common share, payable on ~~June~~September 30, 2025. The Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.4050 per common share in March and May 2025, and $0.3675 per common share in March, May, August, and November 2024.

For the ~~three~~six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025 and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, we paid cash dividends of $~~133~~265.36 million and $~~123~~245.38 million, respectively.

Short-term trade credit represents a significant source of financing for merchandise inventory. Trade credit arises from customary payment terms and trade practices with our vendors. We regularly review the adequacy of credit available to us from all sources, and expect to be able to maintain adequate trade credit, bank credit, and other credit sources to meet our capital and liquidity requirements.

We ended the ~~first~~second quarter of fiscal 2025 with $3.8 billion of unrestricted cash balances, which were held primarily in overnight money market funds invested in U.S. treasury and government instruments across a highly diversified set of banks and other financial institutions. We also have $1.3 billion available under our new 2025 Credit Facility. We estimate that existing cash and cash equivalent balances, cash flows from operations, our bank credit facility, and trade credit are adequate to meet our operating cash needs and to fund our common stock repurchases, planned capital investments, ~~debt repayments,~~ quarterly dividend payments, debt repayments, and interest payments, for at least the next 12 months.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of February 1, 2025, other than those which occur in the ordinary course of business.

Standby letters of credit and collateral trust. We use standby letters of credit outside of our revolving credit facility and a funded trust to collateralize some of our insurance obligations. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, February 1, 2025, and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, we had $1.0 million, $1.8 million, and $2.2 million, respectively, in standby letters of credit outstanding. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, February 1, 2025, and ~~May~~August 43, 2024, we had $6465.63 million, $63.9 million, and $6162.64 million, respectively, held in a collateral trust. The standby letters of credit are collateralized by restricted cash and the collateral trust consists of restricted cash and cash equivalents.

Critical Accounting Estimates

During the ~~first~~second quarter of fiscal 2025, there were no significant changes to the critical accounting estimates discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 1, 2025.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains a number of forward-looking statements regarding, without limitation, projected sales, costs and earnings, planned new store growth, capital expenditures, liquidity, and other matters. These forward-looking statements reflect our then-current beliefs, plans, and estimates with respect to future events and our projected financial performance, operations, and competitive position. The words “plan,” “expect,” “target,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “forecast,” “projected,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “looking ahead,” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.

Future impact from tariffs, inflation, interest rate changes, ongoing military conflicts and economic sanctions, climate change, extreme weather, pandemics, natural disasters, and other economic, regulatory, consumer spending, and industry trends that could potentially adversely affect our revenue, profitability, operating conditions, and growth are difficult to predict. Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements and our previous expectations, plans, and projections. Such risks and uncertainties are not limited to but may include:

•Changes in U.S. tax, tariff, or trade policy regarding apparel, shoes, and home-related merchandise produced in China and other countries could significantly and adversely affect our business. While we directly import only a small portion of our merchandise, more than half of the goods we sell originate from China. Elevated tariff levels on goods imported into the United States from China and other countries may disrupt our merchandise purchasing patterns, increase our costs, and put pressure on our margins and profitability.

•Uncertainties arising from the macroeconomic environment, including inflation and the price of necessities, high interest rates, housing costs, energy and fuel costs, financial and credit market conditions, recession concerns, geopolitical conditions, government policies and enforcement practices with respect to immigration, and public health and public safety issues may affect consumer confidence, consumer disposable income, and shopping behavior, as well as our costs.

•Unexpected changes in the level of consumer spending on, or preferences for, apparel and home-related merchandise could adversely affect us.

•Competitive pressures in the apparel and home-related merchandise retailing industry.

•Our need to effectively manage our inventories, markdowns, and inventory shortage in order to achieve our planned gross margins.

•Risks associated with importing and selling merchandise produced in China and other countries, including risks from supply chain disruption, shipping delays, and higher than expected ocean freight costs.

•Unseasonable weather or extreme temperatures that may affect shopping patterns and consumer demand for seasonal apparel and other merchandise.

•Our dependence on the market availability, quantity, and quality of attractive brand name merchandise at desirable discounts, and on the ability of our buyers to anticipate consumer preferences and to purchase merchandise to enable us to offer customers a wide assortment of merchandise at competitive prices.

•Information or data security breaches, including cyber-attacks on our transaction processing and computer information systems, which could disrupt our operations, and result in theft or unauthorized disclosure of confidential and valuable business information, such as customer, credit card, employee, or other private and valuable information that we handle in the ordinary course of our business.

•Disruptions in our supply chain or in our information systems, including from ransomware or other cyber-attacks could impact our ability to process sales and to deliver product to our stores in a timely and cost-effective manner.

•Our need to obtain acceptable new store sites with favorable consumer demographics to achieve our planned store openings.

•Our need to expand in existing markets and enter new geographic markets in order to achieve planned growth and market penetration.

•Consumer problems or legal issues involving the quality, safety, or authenticity of products we sell could harm our reputation, result in lost sales, and/or increase our costs.

•An adverse outcome in various legal, regulatory, or tax matters, or the adoption of new federal or state tax legislation that increases tax rates or adds new taxes could increase our costs.

•Damage to our corporate reputation or brands could adversely affect our sales and operating results.

•Our need to continually attract, train, and retain associates with the retail talent necessary to execute our off-price retail strategies.

•Our need to effectively advertise and market our business.

•Possible volatility in our revenues and earnings.

•A public health or public safety crisis, or a natural or man-made disaster in California or another region where we have a concentration of stores, offices, or a distribution center could harm our business.

•Our need to maintain sufficient liquidity to support our continuing operations and our new store openings.

The factors underlying our forecasts are dynamic and subject to change. As a result, any forecasts or forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are given and do not necessarily reflect our outlook at any other point in time. We disclaim any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risks, which primarily include changes in interest rates. We do not engage in financial transactions for trading or speculative purposes.

We may occasionally use forward contracts to hedge against fluctuations in foreign currency prices. We had no outstanding forward contracts as of ~~May~~August 32, 2025.

Interest that is payable on our 2025 Credit Facility is based on variable interest rates and is therefore affected by changes in market interest rates. As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, we had no borrowings outstanding under the 2025 Credit Facility.

As of ~~May~~August 32, 2025, we had outstanding five series of unsecured Senior Notes. Interest that is payable on all series of our Senior Notes is based on fixed interest rates, and is therefore unaffected by changes in market interest rates.

We receive interest payments on our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents. Changes in interest rates may impact the interest income we recognize in the future.

A hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in prevailing market interest rates would not have had a material negative impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or the fair values of our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as of and for the three month ~~period~~or six month periods ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025. We do not consider the potential losses in future earnings and cash flows from reasonably possible, near-term changes in interest rates to be material.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at that reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this report.

It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system will be met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events.

Quarterly Evaluation of Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, also conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any change occurred during the ~~first~~second fiscal quarter of 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that there was no such change during the ~~first~~second fiscal quarter of 2025.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The matters under the caption “Litigation, claims, and assessments” in Note A of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the performance of our common stock may be adversely affected by a number of risk factors, including those provided below. See Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 for a further description of risks and uncertainties associated with our business.

MACROECONOMIC AND RETAIL INDUSTRY BUSINESS RISKS

We are subject to impacts from changes in the macroeconomic environment, financial and credit markets, geopolitical conditions, and government regulation or policy. Continuing inflation, tariff increases (or threats of increases), potential supply chain disruptions, and other external events may have significant negative effects on our costs, and also on consumer confidence, shopping behavior, and spending, which may adversely affect our sales and profitability.

Elevated inflation, rapidly changing and increased tariffs on goods imported into the United States, other government policy and regulatory changes, geopolitical conflicts, bank failures, public health crises, and other potential, adverse developments and related uncertainties, could reduce demand for our merchandise, disrupt our buying patterns, increase our cost of goods, create shortages of merchandise, cause shipping delays and increase freight costs, decrease our inventory turnover, cause greater markdowns, and negatively affect our sales and margins. All of our stores are located in the United States and its territories, and while we directly import only a small portion of our merchandise, more than half of the goods we sell originate from China, so we are especially susceptible to changes in the U.S. economy and its trade policy (particularly toward China).

Consumer spending levels and shopping behaviors for the merchandise we sell are affected by many external macroeconomic factors. In addition to consumer sensitivity to the price points and value differentiation we offer on the merchandise we sell, elevated inflation, including increased fuel and energy costs, food prices, interest rates, housing costs, wage rates, unemployment levels, availability of consumer credit, consumer debt levels, income tax rates and the timing of tax refunds, various government policies and practices (including enforcement practices with respect to immigration, particularly in regions with a relatively high concentration of Hispanic customers, which is an important demographic group within our overall customer base), and the resulting effects on consumers’ disposable income and consumer confidence in future economic conditions all have an impact on consumer spending habits for our merchandise.

Consumer spending levels and shopping behaviors for the merchandise we sell are affected by many external macroeconomic factors. In addition to consumer sensitivity to the price points and value differentiation we offer on the merchandise we sell, elevated inflation, including increased fuel and energy costs, food prices, interest rates, housing costs, wage rates, unemployment levels, availability of consumer credit, consumer debt levels, income tax rates and the timing of tax refunds, various government policies and practices (including immigration), and the resulting effects on consumers’ disposable income and consumer confidence in future economic conditions all have an impact on consumer spending habits for our merchandise.

Changes and uncertainty in U.S. trade or tax policy regarding apparel, shoes and home-related merchandise produced in China and other countries could adversely affect our business.

A predominant portion of the apparel, shoes, home-related merchandise, and other goods we sell is originally manufactured in other countries, including China. While we directly import only a small portion of our merchandise, more than half of the goods we sell originate from China. The U.S. government has indicated a willingness to significantly change existing trade policies, and has imposed dramatically increased tariffs on goods imported into the United States, in particular on goods produced in China. This exposes us to risks of disruption and significant cost increases in our established patterns for sourcing our merchandise, and creates increased uncertainties in planning our sourcing strategies and forecasting our margins. Changes in tariffs, quotas, trade relationships, or tax provisions that reduce the supply or increase the relative cost of goods produced in China and other countries could significantly increase our cost of goods and/or increase our effective tax rate. Although such changes would have implications across the entire retail sector, we may fail to effectively adapt and manage the adjustments in sourcing strategy that would be necessary in response to those changes. In addition to the general uncertainty and overall risk from potential changes in laws and policies, as we make business decisions in the face of uncertainty as to potential changes, we may incorrectly anticipate the outcomes, miss out on business opportunities, or fail to effectively adapt our business strategies and manage the adjustments that are necessary in response to those changes. These risks could adversely affect our revenues and expenses, increase our effective tax rates, and reduce our profitability and market share.

STRATEGIC RISKS

We are subject to risks associated with importing and selling merchandise produced in other countries.

Risks in importing and selling such merchandise include increased tariffs and more stringent quotas, economic and supply chain disruptions, uncertainties and adverse economic conditions (including shipping capacity limitations, cost increases, inflation, recession, and exchange rate fluctuations), foreign government regulations, employment and labor matters, concerns relating to human rights, working conditions, and other issues in factories or countries where merchandise is produced, transparency of sourcing and supply chains, exposure on product warranty and intellectual property issues, consumer perceptions of the safety of imported merchandise, geopolitical conflict (including wars and fears of war), political unrest, natural disasters, regulations to address climate change, and trade restrictions.

A predominant portion of the apparel, shoes, home-related merchandise, and other goods we sell (even when we purchase it domestically, often as excess inventory sold to us by a domestic vendor) is originally manufactured in other countries. In addition, we directly source a portion of the products sold in our stores from foreign vendors, predominantly in China. We also buy products that originate from foreign sources indirectly through domestic vendors and manufacturers’ representatives. More than half of the merchandise we sell is originally manufactured in China. Although our foreign purchases of merchandise are negotiated and paid for in U.S. dollars, increased tariffs or other import duties on goods imported into the United States, or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies, could increase the cost of products we purchase from overseas vendors and from domestic vendors who are reselling foreign-produced goods. When we are the importer of record, we may be subject to regulatory or other requirements similar to those applicable to a manufacturer.

To the extent that our vendors are located overseas or rely on overseas sources for a large portion of their products, any event causing a disruption, delay, or increase in the cost of imports, including imposition of import or other restrictions such as product detention, war, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, or public health issues could adversely affect our business. The flow of merchandise from our vendors could also be adversely affected by global shipping capacity limitations, labor stoppages, or by financial or political instability in any of the countries in which the goods we purchase are manufactured. Trade restrictions in the form of tariffs or quotas, or both, applicable to the products we sell could also affect the importation of those products and could increase the cost and reduce the supply of products available to us. We cannot predict whether China or any of the other countries from which our products are sourced, or in which our products are currently manufactured or may be manufactured in the future, will be subject to increased tariffs or trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. or foreign governments or the likelihood, type, or effect of any such restrictions.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Information regarding shares of common stock we repurchased during the ~~first~~second quarter of fiscal 2025 is as follows:

	Total number of shares (or units) purchased1	Average pricepaid per share(or unit)	Total number ofshares(or units)purchased aspart of publiclyannouncedplans orprograms	Maximum number(or approximatedollar value) ofshares (or units)that may yet bepurchased underthe plans orprograms ($000)
Period
February
May
(2/2/2025 -3/1/2025)	—	$0.00	—	$	1,050,020
(5/4/2025 - 5/31/2025)	445,768	$144.64	445,768	$	723,030
March
June
(3/2/2025-4/5/2025)	1,457,767	$125.95	975,411	$	926,040
(6/1/2025 - 7/5/2025)	824,677	$133.64	793,174	$	617,110
April
July
(4/6/2025- 5/3/2025)	1,008,676	$137.85	1,004,809	$	787,500
(7/6/2025 - 8/2/2025)	688,923	$133.69	688,923	$	525,000
Total	21,~~466~~959,~~443~~368	$~~130~~136.8216	1,~~980~~927,~~220~~865	$	~~787~~525,~~500~~000

1 We acquired ~~486~~32,000 shares of treasury stock during the quarter ended ~~May~~August 32, 2025. Treasury stock includes shares acquired from employees for tax withholding purposes related to vesting of restricted stock grants.

In March 2024, our Board of Directors approved a two-year program to repurchase up to $2.1 billion of our common stock through fiscal 2025.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit
Number			Exhibit
3.1			Certificate of Incorporation of Ross Stores, Inc. as amended (Corrected First Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated March 17, 1999, together with amendments thereto through Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation dated May 29, 2015) incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-Q filed by Ross Stores, Inc. for its quarter ended August 1, 2015.
3.2			Amended and Restated Bylaws of Ross Stores, Inc. (as amended March 8, 2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Ross Stores, Inc. on March 14, 2023.
10.1			~~Form~~Credit ofAgreement ~~Executive~~dated ~~Employment~~June ~~Agreement~~27, ~~for~~2025, ~~Executive~~among ~~Officers~~Ross ~~(CA)~~Stores, Inc., various lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent.
10.2			Form of ~~Executive~~Notice ~~Employment~~of Grant of Performance Shares and Form of Performance Share Agreement ~~for~~pursuant ~~Executive~~to ~~Officers~~the ~~(NON-CA)~~Ross Stores, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan.
10.3			Executive Employment Agreement with Michael Hartshorn.
15			Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information from Deloitte & Touche LLP dated September 9, 2025.
15			Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information from Deloitte & Touche LLP dated June 10, 2025.
31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302(a).
31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302(a).
32.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS			XBRL Instance Document. (The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.)
101.SCH			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		ROSS STORES, INC.
		(Registrant)
Date:	~~June~~September 109, 2025	By:	/s/ Jeffrey P. Burrill
			Jeffrey P. Burrill
			Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

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