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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[☑] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 28, 2025

[☐] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number 1-3671

GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

13-1673581

State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization

I.R.S. Employer Identification No.

11011 Sunset Hills Road

Reston,

Virginia

20190

Address of principal executive offices

Zip code

(703) 876-3000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	GD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ü No ___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ü No ___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ü Accelerated filer ___ Non-accelerated filer ___

Smaller reporting company___☐ Emerging growth company___☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes___☐ No ü

270,120,442 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $1 par value per share, were outstanding on September 28, 2025.

INDEX



PART I -	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	PAGE
Item 1 -	Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
	Consolidated Statement of Earnings (Three Months)	3
	Consolidated Statement of Earnings (Nine Months)	4
	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Three and Nine Months)	5
	Consolidated Balance Sheet	6
	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	7
	Consolidated Statement of Shareholders ’ Equity (Three and Nine Months)	8
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2 -	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3 -	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 4 -	Controls and Procedures	42
	FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	42
PART II -	OTHER INFORMATION	44
Item 1 -	Legal Proceedings	44
Item 1A -	Risk Factors	44
Item 2 -	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 5 -	Other Information	44
Item 6 -	Exhibits	45
	SIGNATURES	46

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts)	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Revenue:
Products	$	8,021	$	6,767
Services	4,886		4,904
	12,907		11,671
Operating costs and expenses:
Products	(6,788)		(5,760)
Services	(4,151)		(4,095)
General and administrative (G&A)	(637)		(635)
	(11,576)		(10,490)
Operating earnings	1,331		1,181
Other, net	15		15
Interest, net	(74)		(82)
Earnings before income tax	1,272		1,114
Provision for income tax, net	(213)		(184)
Net earnings	$	1,059	$	930

Earnings per share
Basic	$	3.93	$	3.39
Diluted	$	3.88	$	3.35

The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)


	Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts)	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Revenue:
Products	$	23,367	$	20,061
Services	14,804		14,317
	38,171		34,378
Operating costs and expenses:
Products	(19,752)		(17,074)
Services	(12,609)		(12,025)
G&A	(1,906)		(1,906)
	(34,267)		(31,005)
Operating earnings	3,904		3,373
Other, net	51		47
Interest, net	(251)		(248)
Earnings before income tax	3,704		3,172
Provision for income tax, net	(637)		(538)
Net earnings	$	3,067	$	2,634

Earnings per share
Basic	$	11.41	$	9.61
Diluted	$	11.29	$	9.49

The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Net earnings	$	1,059	$	930	$	3,067	$	2,634
Changes in unrealized cash flow hedges	(15)		31		104		(31)

Foreign currency translation adjustments	(68)		279		539		(16)
Changes in retirement plans’ funded status	18		44		52		125
Other comprehensive (loss) income, pretax	(65)		354		695		78
Provision for income tax, net	—		(19)		(37)		(18)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(65)		335		658		60
Comprehensive income	$	994	$	1,265	$	3,725	$	2,694

The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET


	(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)	September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024

ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	2,520	$	1,697
Accounts receivable	3,303		2,977
Unbilled receivables	8,641		8,248
Inventories	9,813		9,724
Other current assets	1,575		1,740
Total current assets	25,852		24,386
Noncurrent assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net	6,602		6,467
Intangible assets, net	1,402		1,520
Goodwill	20,871		20,556
Other assets	2,872		2,951
Total noncurrent assets	31,747		31,494
Total assets	$	57,599	$	55,880

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	1,006	$	1,502
Accounts payable	3,459		3,344
Customer advances and deposits	10,462		9,491
Other current liabilities	3,537		3,487
Total current liabilities	18,464		17,824
Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt	7,008		7,260
Other liabilities	7,693		8,733
Commitments and contingencies (see Note J)
Total noncurrent liabilities	14,701		15,993
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock	482		482
Surplus	4,323		4,062
Retained earnings	43,345		41,487
Treasury stock	(22,856)		(22,450)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(860)		(1,518)
Total shareholders’ equity	24,434		22,063
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	57,599	$	55,880

The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)


	Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Cash flows from operating activities – continuing operations:
Net earnings	$	3,067	$	2,634
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	490		469
Amortization of intangible and finance lease right-of-use assets	182		177
Equity-based compensation expense	146		137
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)	151		(107)
(Increase) decrease in assets, net of effects of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(314)		(172)
Unbilled receivables	(415)		(874)
Inventories	(131)		(1,612)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:
Accounts payable	119		193
Customer advances and deposits	45		628



Other, net	219		479
Net cash provided by operating activities	3,559		1,952
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(552)		(561)

Other, net	130		(27)
Net cash used by investing activities	(422)		(588)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of fixed-rate notes	(1,500)		—
Proceeds from fixed-rate notes	747		—

Dividends paid	(1,188)		(1,140)
Purchases of common stock	(600)		(183)




Other, net	235		150
Net cash used by financing activities	(2,306)		(1,173)
Net cash used by discontinued operations	(8)		(3)
Net increase in cash and equivalents	823		188
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period	1,697		1,913
Cash and equivalents at end of period	$	2,520	$	2,101
Supplemental cash flow information:
Income tax payments, net	$	(263)	$	(125)
Interest payments	$	(238)	$	(213)

The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended
	Common Stock				Retained		Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Total Shareholders’
(Dollars in millions)	Par		Surplus		Earnings		Stock		Loss		Equity
June 29, 2025	$	482	$	4,173	$	42,695	$	(22,975)	$	(795)	$	23,580

Net earnings	—		—		1,059		—		—		1,059
Cash dividends declared	—		—		(409)		—		—		(409)
Equity-based awards	—		150		—		116		—		266
Shares purchased	—		—		—		3		—		3
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		(65)		(65)
September 28, 2025	$	482	$	4,323	$	43,345	$	(22,856)	$	(860)	$	24,434

June 30, 2024	$	482	$	3,925	$	40,191	$	(21,128)	$	(1,434)	$	22,036

Net earnings	—		—		930		—		—		930
Cash dividends declared	—		—		(391)		—		—		(391)
Equity-based awards	—		72		—		35		—		107
Shares purchased	—		—		—		(44)		—		(44)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		335		335
September 29, 2024	$	482	$	3,997	$	40,730	$	(21,137)	$	(1,099)	$	22,973


	Nine Months Ended
	Common Stock				Retained		Treasury		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Total Shareholders’
(Dollars in millions)	Par		Surplus		Earnings		Stock		Loss		Equity
December 31, 2024	$	482	$	4,062	$	41,487	$	(22,450)	$	(1,518)	$	22,063

Net earnings	—		—		3,067		—		—		3,067
Cash dividends declared	—		—		(1,209)		—		—		(1,209)
Equity-based awards	—		261		—		194		—		455
Shares purchased	—		—		—		(600)		—		(600)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		658		658
September 28, 2025	$	482	$	4,323	$	43,345	$	(22,856)	$	(860)	$	24,434

December 31, 2023	$	482	$	3,760	$	39,270	$	(21,054)	$	(1,159)	$	21,299
Net earnings	—		—		2,634		—		—		2,634
Cash dividends declared	—		—		(1,174)		—		—		(1,174)
Equity-based awards	—		237		—		100		—		337
Shares purchased	—		—		—		(183)		—		(183)
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		60		60
September 29, 2024	$	482	$	3,997	$	40,730	$	(21,137)	$	(1,099)	$	22,973

The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in millions, except share and per-share amounts or unless otherwise noted)

A. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General Dynamics is a global aerospace and defense company that offers a broad portfolio of products and services in business aviation; ship construction and repair; land combat vehicles, weapons systems and munitions; and technology products and services.

The following is a discussion of certain significant accounting policies, and further discussion is contained in other notes to these financial statements.

Basis of Consolidation and Classification. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of General Dynamics Corporation and our wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. We eliminate all intercompany balances and transactions in the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consistent with industry practice, we classify assets and liabilities related to long-term contracts as current, even though some of these amounts may not be realized within one year.

Interim Financial Statements. The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These rules and regulations permit some of the information and footnote disclosures included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to be condensed or omitted.

Our fiscal quarters are typically 13 weeks in length. Because our fiscal year ends on December 31, the number of days in our first and fourth quarters varies slightly from year to year. Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations and financial condition for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024.

These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net. Property, plant and equipment (PP&E) is carried at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Net PP&E consisted of the following:


	September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024
PP&E	$	14,053	$	13,564
Accumulated depreciation	(7,451)		(7,097)
PP&E, net	$	6,602	$	6,467

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. For a discussion of accounting standards that have been issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) but are not yet effective, refer to the Recent Accounting Pronouncements section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

December 31, 2024. These standards are not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

B. REVENUE

Performance Obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account for revenue. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation within that contract and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct. Some of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple phases of the product life cycle (development, production, maintenance and support). For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. We classify revenue as products or services based on the predominant attributes of the associated performance obligation.

Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in customer specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct and, therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract.

Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for 74% and 75% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, respectively, and 79% and 78% for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 29, 2024, respectively. Substantially all of our revenue in the defense segments is recognized over time because control is transferred continuously to our customers. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead and, when appropriate, G&A expenses.

Revenue from goods and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for 26% and 25% of our revenue for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, respectively, and 21% and 22% for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 29, 2024, respectively. Most of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the manufacture of business jet aircraft in our Aerospace segment. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer of the fully outfitted aircraft.

On September 28, 2025, we had $109.9 billion of remaining performance obligations, which we refer to as total backlog. We expect to recognize approximately 45% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue by year-end 2026, an additional 30% by year-end 2028 and the balance thereafter.

Contract Estimates. The majority of our revenue is derived from long-term contracts and programs that can span several years. Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various

techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. We estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract.

Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.

The nature of our contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including claims, award fees and incentive fees. We include in our contract estimates additional revenue for contract modifications or claims against the customer when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. In evaluating these criteria, we consider the contractual/legal basis for the claim, the cause of any additional costs incurred, the reasonableness of those costs and the objective evidence available to support the claim. We include award fees or incentive fees in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and our best informed judgment at the time.

As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the period it is identified.

The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates changed our revenue, operating earnings and diluted earnings per share as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Revenue	$	81	$	62	$	214	$	211
Operating earnings	57		(12)		119		101
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.17	$	(0.03)	$	0.35	$	0.29

No adjustment on any one contract was material to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, or September 29, 2024.

We have large, long-term contracts with the U.S. Navy for Virginia-class submarines and an international customer for tracked vehicles in which our estimates for contract revenue include variable consideration. For both contracts, it is reasonably possible that the actual amount of variable consideration realized could be less than our estimate, which could have a material unfavorable impact on our results of operations.

Revenue by Category. Our portfolio of products and services consists of more than 9,000 active contracts. The following series of tables presents our revenue disaggregated by several categories.

Revenue by major products and services was as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Aircraft manufacturing	$	2,293	$	1,686	$	6,590	$	5,014
Aircraft services	941		796		2,732		2,492
Total Aerospace	3,234		2,482		9,322		7,506
Nuclear-powered submarines	3,166		2,630		9,054		7,496
Surface ships	642		658		2,012		2,023
Repair and other services	288		311		839		864
Total Marine Systems	4,096		3,599		11,905		10,383
Military vehicles	1,231		1,295		3,730		3,850
Weapons systems, armament and munitions	742		658		2,169		2,033
Engineering and other services	279		259		812		719
Total Combat Systems	2,252		2,212		6,711		6,602
Information technology (IT) services	2,229		2,220		6,912		6,556
C5ISR* solutions	1,096		1,158		3,321		3,331
Total Technologies	3,325		3,378		10,233		9,887
Total revenue	$	12,907	$	11,671	$	38,171	$	34,378

*Command, control, communications, computers, cyber, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance

Revenue by contract type was as follows:


Three Months Ended September 28, 2025	Aerospace		Marine Systems		Combat Systems		Technologies		Total Revenue
Fixed-price	$	2,968	$	1,664	$	1,930	$	1,364	$	7,926
Cost-reimbursement	—		2,432		306		1,472		4,210
Time-and-materials	266		—		16		489		771
Total revenue	$	3,234	$	4,096	$	2,252	$	3,325	$	12,907
Three Months Ended September 29, 2024
Fixed-price	$	2,250	$	1,666	$	1,957	$	1,359	$	7,232
Cost-reimbursement	—		1,933		238		1,503		3,674
Time-and-materials	232		—		17		516		765
Total revenue	$	2,482	$	3,599	$	2,212	$	3,378	$	11,671


Nine Months Ended September 28, 2025	Aerospace		Marine Systems		Combat Systems		Technologies		Total Revenue
Fixed-price	$	8,527	$	5,665	$	5,731	$	4,250	$	24,173
Cost-reimbursement	—		6,237		933		4,484		11,654
Time-and-materials	795		3		47		1,499		2,344
Total revenue	$	9,322	$	11,905	$	6,711	$	10,233	$	38,171
Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024
Fixed-price	$	6,772	$	4,893	$	5,844	$	4,033	$	21,542
Cost-reimbursement	—		5,489		706		4,350		10,545
Time-and-materials	734		1		52		1,504		2,291
Total revenue	$	7,506	$	10,383	$	6,602	$	9,887	$	34,378

Our segments operate under fixed-price, cost-reimbursement and time-and-materials contracts. Our production contracts are primarily fixed-price. Under these contracts, we agree to perform a specific scope of work for a fixed amount. Contracts for research, engineering, repair and maintenance, and other services are typically cost-reimbursement or time-and-materials. Under cost-reimbursement contracts, the customer reimburses contract costs incurred and pays a fixed, incentive or award-based fee. The amount for an incentive or award fee is determined by our ability to achieve targets set in the contract, such as cost, quality, schedule and performance. Under time-and-materials contracts, the customer pays a fixed hourly rate for direct labor and generally reimburses us for the cost of materials.

Each of these contract types presents advantages and disadvantages. Typically, we assume more risk with fixed-price contracts. However, these types of contracts offer additional profits when we complete the work for less than originally estimated. Cost-reimbursement contracts generally subject us to lower risk. Accordingly, the associated base fees are usually lower than fees earned on fixed-price contracts. Under time-and-materials contracts, our profit may vary if actual labor-hour rates vary significantly from the negotiated rates. Also, because these contracts may provide little or no fee for managing material costs, the content mix can impact profitability.

Revenue by customer was as follows:


Three Months Ended September 28, 2025	Aerospace		Marine Systems		Combat Systems		Technologies		Total Revenue
U.S. government:
Department of War (DoW)	$	85	$	4,050	$	1,237	$	1,953	$	7,325
Non-DoW	—		2		1		1,208		1,211
Foreign military sales (FMS)	4		42		201		4		251
Total U.S. government	89		4,094		1,439		3,165		8,787
U.S. commercial	2,031		—		53		40		2,124
Non-U.S. government	363		2		693		110		1,168
Non-U.S. commercial	751		—		67		10		828
Total revenue	$	3,234	$	4,096	$	2,252	$	3,325	$	12,907
Three Months Ended September 29, 2024
U.S. government:
DoW	$	83	$	3,571	$	1,274	$	1,981	$	6,909
Non-DoW	—		—		1		1,238		1,239
FMS	9		28		211		7		255
Total U.S. government	92		3,599		1,486		3,226		8,403
U.S. commercial	1,586		—		61		48		1,695
Non-U.S. government	294		—		631		98		1,023
Non-U.S. commercial	510		—		34		6		550
Total revenue	$	2,482	$	3,599	$	2,212	$	3,378	$	11,671

Nine Months Ended September 28, 2025	Aerospace		Marine Systems		Combat Systems		Technologies		Total Revenue
U.S. government:
DoW	$	240	$	11,791	$	3,654	$	6,082	$	21,767
Non-DoW	—		2		6		3,648		3,656
FMS	14		106		604		11		735
Total U.S. government	254		11,899		4,264		9,741		26,158
U.S. commercial	4,869		2		183		132		5,186
Non-U.S. government	757		4		2,127		335		3,223
Non-U.S. commercial	3,442		—		137		25		3,604
Total revenue	$	9,322	$	11,905	$	6,711	$	10,233	$	38,171
Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024
U.S. government:
DoW	$	187	$	10,280	$	3,742	$	5,767	$	19,976
Non-DoW	—		1		6		3,586		3,593
FMS	30		98		675		28		831
Total U.S. government	217		10,379		4,423		9,381		24,400
U.S. commercial	4,225		2		180		146		4,553
Non-U.S. government	989		2		1,890		326		3,207
Non-U.S. commercial	2,075		—		109		34		2,218
Total revenue	$	7,506	$	10,383	$	6,602	$	9,887	$	34,378

Contract Balances. The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In our defense segments, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we sometimes receive advances or deposits from our customers, particularly on our international contracts, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In our Aerospace segment, we generally receive deposits from customers upon contract execution and upon achievement of contractual milestones. These deposits are liquidated when revenue is recognized. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the nine-month period ended September 28, 2025, were not materially impacted by any other factors.

Revenue recognized for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024, that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each year was $1.8 billion and $6.5 billion, and $1.1 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively. This revenue represented primarily the sale of business jet aircraft.

C. EARNINGS PER SHARE

We compute basic earnings per share (EPS) using net earnings for the period and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS incorporates the additional shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options and the release of restricted stock and restricted stock units (RSUs).

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 28, 2025	September 29, 2024	September 28, 2025	September 29, 2024
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	269,232	274,393	268,803	274,004
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock/RSUs*	3,408	3,495	2,947	3,514
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	272,640	277,888	271,750	277,518

* Excludes unvested stock options, and vested stock options that had exercise prices in excess of the average market price of our common stock during the period and, therefore, the effect of including these options would be antidilutive. These options totaled 47 and 1,507 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and 1,277 and 962 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 29, 2024, respectively.

D. INCOME TAXES

Net Deferred Tax Liability. Our deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in other noncurrent assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Our net deferred tax liability consisted of the following:


	September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024
Deferred tax asset	$	19	$	19
Deferred tax liability	(771)		(573)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(752)	$	(554)

Tax Uncertainties. We participate in the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Compliance Assurance Process (CAP), a real-time review of our consolidated federal corporate income tax return. The IRS has examined our consolidated federal income tax returns through 2022. For the tax year ending December 31, 2023, the IRS placed us in the phase of CAP reserved for taxpayers whose risk of noncompliance does not warrant the continual use of IRS examination resources. For the tax years ending December 31, 2024 and 2025, the IRS placed us into a CAP phase in which they will consider certain tax return information in advance to expedite their risk assessment and review of our returns.

For all periods open to examination by tax authorities, we periodically assess our liabilities and contingencies based on the latest available information. Where we believe there is more than a 50% chance that our tax position will not be sustained, we record our best estimate of the resulting tax liability, including interest, in the Consolidated Financial Statements. We include any interest or penalties incurred in connection with income taxes as part of income tax expense.

Based on all known facts and circumstances and applicable tax law, we believe the total amount of any unrecognized tax benefits on September 28, 2025, was not material to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. In addition, there are no tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the unrecognized tax benefits will vary significantly over the next 12 months, producing, individually or in the aggregate, a material effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has issued “Pillar Two” model rules introducing a new global minimum tax of 15% on a country-by-country basis, with certain aspects intended to be effective on January 1, 2024, and other aspects on January 1, 2025. Although it is uncertain whether the U.S. will adopt any Pillar Two rules, some countries have enacted, introduced, or are considering implementing legislation. Because we generally do not have material operations in jurisdictions with tax rates lower than the proposed Pillar Two minimum, any legislation enacted consistent with the Pillar Two model rules is not expected to have a material effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Among other changes, the Budget Reconciliation Act of 2025 (Act) allows for the immediate deduction of domestic research and development expenditures beginning January 1, 2025, and permits the accelerated deduction of amounts capitalized under prior law. We expect the changes to have a favorable impact on our cash taxes over the next several years. We otherwise do not expect the Act to have a material effect on our tax provision.

E. UNBILLED RECEIVABLES

Unbilled receivables represent revenue recognized on long-term contracts (contract costs and estimated profits) less associated advances and progress billings. These amounts will be billed in accordance with the agreed-upon contractual terms. Unbilled receivables consisted of the following:


	September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024
Unbilled revenue	$	46,414	$	40,634
Advances and progress billings	(37,773)		(32,386)
Net unbilled receivables	$	8,641	$	8,248

On September 28, 2025, and December 31, 2024, net unbilled receivables included $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, associated with a large international tracked vehicle contract in our Combat Systems segment. We expect to see a significant decline in this balance over the next two years as contract deliveries, including vehicles, continue through early 2028.

F. INVENTORIES

The majority of our inventories are for business jet aircraft. Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Work in process represents largely labor, material and overhead costs associated with aircraft in the manufacturing process and is based primarily on the estimated average unit cost in a production lot. Substantially all of our raw materials are valued on either the average cost or the first-in, first-out method. We record pre-owned aircraft acquired in connection with the sale of new aircraft at the lower of the trade-in value or the estimated net realizable value.

Inventories consisted of the following:


	September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024
Work in process	$	6,302	$	6,279
Raw materials	3,384		3,396
Finished goods	22		26
Pre-owned aircraft	105		23
Total inventories	$	9,813	$	9,724

G. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting unit were as follows:


	Aerospace		Marine Systems		Combat Systems		Technologies		Total Goodwill
December 31, 2024 (a)	$	3,085	$	297	$	2,758	$	14,416	$	20,556
Acquisitions (b)	20		—		1		7		28
Other (c)	229		—		47		11		287
September 28, 2025 (a)	$	3,334	$	297	$	2,806	$	14,434	$	20,871

(a)Goodwill in the Technologies reporting unit was net of $1.8 billion of accumulated impairment losses.

(b)Included adjustments during the purchase price allocation period.

(c)Consisted primarily of adjustments for foreign currency translation.

Intangible Assets. Intangible assets consisted of the following:


	Gross Carrying Amount (a)		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount (a)		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
	September 28, 2025						December 31, 2024
Contract and program intangible assets (b)	$	3,238	$	(2,076)	$	1,162	$	3,278	$	(1,989)	$	1,289
Trade names and trademarks	568		(336)		232		511		(289)		222
Technology and software	62		(54)		8		61		(52)		9
Other intangible assets	60		(60)		—		60		(60)		—
Total intangible assets	$	3,928	$	(2,526)	$	1,402	$	3,910	$	(2,390)	$	1,520

(a)Changes in gross carrying amounts consisted primarily of foreign currency translation and adjustments for acquired and divested intangible assets.

(b)Consisted of acquired backlog and probable follow-on work and associated customer relationships.

Amortization expense is included in operating costs and expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $44 and $131 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and $45 and $134 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 29, 2024, respectively.

H. DEBT

Debt consisted of the following:


		September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024
Fixed-rate notes due:	Interest rate:
April 2025	3.250%	$	—	$	750
May 2025	3.500%	—		750
June 2026	1.150%	500		500
August 2026	2.125%	500		500
April 2027	3.500%	750		750
November 2027	2.625%	500		500
May 2028	3.750%	1,000		1,000
April 2030	3.625%	1,000		1,000
June 2031	2.250%	500		500
August 2035	4.950%	750		—
April 2040	4.250%	750		750
June 2041	2.850%	500		500
November 2042	3.600%	500		500
April 2050	4.250%	750		750



Other	Various	78		76
Total debt principal		8,078		8,826
Less unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts		64		64
Total debt		8,014		8,762
Less current portion		1,006		1,502
Long-term debt		$	7,008	$	7,260

In May 2025, we issued $750 of fixed-rate notes maturing in August 2035. The proceeds were used to repay fixed-rate notes of $750 that matured in May 2025. In late March 2025, we repaid fixed-rate notes of $750 prior to their scheduled maturity on April 1, 2025 with cash on hand and commercial paper issuances.

On September 28, 2025, we had no commercial paper outstanding, but we maintain the ability to access the commercial paper market in the future. Separately, we have $5 billion in committed bank credit facilities for general corporate purposes and working capital needs and to support our commercial paper issuances. These credit facilities include a $4 billion facility expiring March 2027 and a $1 billion 364-day facility that we established in early April 2025. We may renew or replace these credit facilities in whole or in part at or prior to their expiration date. We also have an effective shelf registration on file with the SEC that allows us to access the debt markets.

Our financing arrangements contain a number of customary covenants and restrictions. We were in compliance with all covenants and restrictions on September 28, 2025.

I. OTHER LIABILITIES

A summary of significant other liabilities by balance sheet caption follows:


	September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024

Salaries and wages	$	1,241	$	1,325
Dividends payable	405		390
Lease liabilities	313		319
Workers’ compensation	254		244

Other	1,324		1,209
Total other current liabilities	$	3,537	$	3,487

Customer deposits on commercial contracts	$	2,059	$	2,996
Retirement benefits	1,773		2,024
Lease liabilities	1,549		1,595
Other	2,312		2,118
Total other liabilities	$	7,693	$	8,733

J. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

On October 6, 2023, a putative class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia against General Dynamics Corporation, certain of its subsidiaries and various other companies alleging that they conspired, in violation of the Sherman Act, not to solicit naval architects and marine engineers from each other. The named plaintiffs purport to represent a class of individuals consisting of all naval architects and marine engineers employed by the shipyard and consultancy defendants, their predecessors, their subsidiaries and/or their related entities in the United States at any time since January 1, 2000. The plaintiffs allege that the conspiracy suppressed compensation paid to the putative class members, and the plaintiffs seek trebled monetary damages, attorneys’ fees, injunctive and other equitable relief. We are defending the matter. On April 19, 2024, the District Court dismissed the plaintiffs’ complaint. On May 9, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed the decision of the District Court and remanded the case for further proceedings. On September 11, 2025, the defendants filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court. Given the current status of this matter, we are unable to express a view regarding the ultimate outcome or, if the outcome is adverse, to estimate an amount or range of reasonably possible loss. Depending on the outcome of this matter, there could be a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Additionally, various other claims and legal proceedings incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened against us. These other matters relate to such issues as government investigations and claims, the protection of the environment, asbestos-related claims and employee-related matters. The nature of litigation is such that we cannot predict the outcome of these other matters. However, based on information currently available, we believe any potential liabilities in these other proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Environmental

We are subject to and affected by a variety of federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations. We are directly or indirectly involved in environmental investigations or remediation at some of our current and former facilities and third-party sites that we do not own but where we have been designated a potentially responsible party (PRP) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or a state environmental agency. Based on historical experience, we expect that a significant percentage of the total remediation and compliance costs associated with these facilities will continue to be allowable contract costs and, therefore, recoverable under U.S. government contracts.

As required, we provide financial assurance for certain sites undergoing or subject to investigation or remediation. We accrue environmental costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Where applicable, we seek insurance recovery for costs related to environmental liabilities. We do not record insurance recoveries before collection is considered probable. Based on all known facts and analyses, we do not believe that our liability at any individual site, or in the aggregate, arising from such environmental conditions will be material to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. We also do not believe that the range of reasonably possible additional loss beyond what has been recorded would be material to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Other

Government Contracts. As a government contractor, we are subject to U.S. government audits and investigations relating to our operations, including claims for fines, penalties, and compensatory and treble damages. We believe the outcome of such ongoing government audits and investigations will not have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

In the performance of our contracts, we routinely request contract modifications that require additional funding from the customer. Most often, these requests are due to customer-directed changes in the scope of work. While we are entitled to recovery of these costs under our contracts, the administrative process with our customer may be protracted. Based on the circumstances, we periodically file requests for equitable adjustment (REAs) that are sometimes converted into claims. In some cases, these requests are disputed by our customer. We believe our outstanding modifications, REAs and other claims will be resolved without material impact to our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Letters of Credit and Guarantees. In the ordinary course of business, we have entered into letters of credit, bank guarantees, surety bonds and other similar arrangements with financial institutions and insurance carriers totaling approximately $2.2 billion on September 28, 2025. In addition, from time to time and in the ordinary course of business, we contractually guarantee the payment or performance of our subsidiaries arising under certain contracts.

Aircraft Trade-ins. In connection with orders for new aircraft in contract backlog, some Gulfstream customers hold options to trade in aircraft as partial consideration in their new-aircraft transaction. These trade-in commitments are generally structured to establish the fair market value of the trade-in aircraft at a date generally 45 or fewer days preceding delivery of the new aircraft to the customer. At that time, the customer is required to either exercise the option or allow its expiration. Other trade-in commitments are structured to guarantee a predetermined trade-in value. These commitments present more risk in the event of an adverse change in market conditions. In either case, any excess of the preestablished trade-in price above the fair market value at the time the new aircraft is delivered is treated as a reduction of revenue in the new-aircraft sales transaction. As of September 28, 2025, the estimated change in fair market values from the date of the commitments was not material.

Product Warranties. We provide warranties to our customers associated with certain product sales. We record estimated warranty costs in the period in which the related products are delivered. The warranty liability recorded at each balance sheet date is based generally on the number of months of warranty coverage remaining for the products delivered and the average historical monthly warranty payments. Warranty obligations incurred in connection with long-term production contracts are accounted for within the contract estimates at completion. Our other warranty obligations, primarily for business jet aircraft, are included in other current and noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The changes in the carrying amount of warranty liabilities for the nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024, were as follows:


Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Beginning balance	$	642	$	597
Warranty expense	101		84
Payments	(98)		(76)
Adjustments	(1)		9
Ending balance	$	644	$	614

K. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Share Repurchases. In the nine-month period ended September 28, 2025, we repurchased 2.4 million of our outstanding shares for $600. On September 28, 2025, 6.9 million shares remained authorized by our board of directors (Board) for repurchase, representing 2.5% of our total shares outstanding. We repurchased 0.7 million shares for $183 in the nine-month period ended September 29, 2024.

Dividends per Share. Our Board declared dividends per share of $1.50 and $4.50 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and $1.42 and $4.26 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 29, 2024, respectively. We paid cash dividends of $403 and $1.2 billion for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and $390 and $1.1 billion for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 29, 2024, respectively.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. The changes, pretax and net of tax, in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL) consisted of the following:


	Changes in Unrealized Cash Flow Hedges		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Changes in Retirement Plans’ Funded Status		AOCL
December 31, 2024	$	(76)	$	235	$	(1,677)	$	(1,518)
Other comprehensive income, pretax	104		539		52		695
Provision for income tax, net	(26)		—		(11)		(37)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	78		539		41		658
September 28, 2025	$	2	$	774	$	(1,636)	$	(860)


December 31, 2023	$	11	$	673	$	(1,843)	$	(1,159)
Other comprehensive income, pretax	(31)		(16)		125		78
Provision for income tax, net	7		—		(25)		(18)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	(24)		(16)		100		60
September 29, 2024	$	(13)	$	657	$	(1,743)	$	(1,099)

Amounts reclassified out of AOCL related primarily to changes in our retirement plans’ funded status and included pretax recognized net actuarial losses and amortization of prior service credit. See Note O for these amounts, which are included in our net periodic pension and other post-retirement benefit cost (credit).

L. SEGMENT INFORMATION

We have four operating segments: Aerospace, Marine Systems, Combat Systems and Technologies. We organize our segments in accordance with the nature of products and services offered. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO).

We measure each segment’s profitability based on operating earnings. Segment operating earnings exclude net interest and other income and expense items. The Chairman and CEO uses segment operating earnings as an input when assessing segment performance and when making decisions to allocate financial resources between segments. The Chairman and CEO uses operating earnings in assessing segment performance by comparing operating earnings to prior period results and plan-to-actual variances. The Chairman and CEO also uses forecasted expense information for each segment to manage operations.

Summary financial information for each of our segments follows:


	Revenue (a)				Other Segment Items (b)				Operating Earnings
Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Aerospace	$	3,234	$	2,482	$	(2,804)	$	(2,177)	$	430	$	305
Marine Systems	4,096		3,599		(3,805)		(3,341)		291		258
Combat Systems	2,252		2,212		(1,917)		(1,887)		335		325
Technologies	3,325		3,378		(2,998)		(3,052)		327		326
Corporate (c)	—		—		—		—		(52)		(33)
Total	$	12,907	$	11,671	$	(11,524)	$	(10,457)	$	1,331	$	1,181
Nine Months Ended
Aerospace	$	9,322	$	7,506	$	(8,057)	$	(6,627)	$	1,265	$	879
Marine Systems	11,905		10,383		(11,073)		(9,648)		832		735
Combat Systems	6,711		6,602		(5,761)		(5,682)		950		920
Technologies	10,233		9,887		(9,246)		(8,946)		987		941
Corporate (c)	—		—		—		—		(130)		(102)
Total	$	38,171	$	34,378	$	(34,137)	$	(30,903)	$	3,904	$	3,373

(a)See Note B for additional revenue information by segment.

(b)Other segment items consist of material and labor costs, depreciation and amortization, and other overhead and G&A expenses.

(c)Corporate operating costs consisted primarily of equity-based compensation expense.

The following is additional summary financial information for each of our segments:


	Capital Expenditures				Depreciation and Amortization*				Identifiable Assets
Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024
Aerospace	$	43	$	53	$	63	$	52	$	16,651	$	16,192
Marine Systems	96		93		64		60		6,743		7,019
Combat Systems	35		31		27		30		11,295		10,275
Technologies	38		24		69		73		19,212		19,286
Corporate	—		—		3		3		3,698		3,108
Total	$	212	$	201	$	226	$	218	$	57,599	$	55,880
Nine Months Ended
Aerospace	$	106	$	162	$	182	$	156
Marine Systems	295		267		194		176
Combat Systems	69		69		82		85
Technologies	79		61		205		220
Corporate	3		2		9		9
Total	$	552	$	561	$	672	$	646

* Depreciation and amortization by reportable segment is included within the other segment items expense caption.

M. FAIR VALUE

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between marketplace participants. Various valuation approaches can be used to determine fair value, each requiring different valuation inputs. The following hierarchy classifies the inputs used to determine fair value into three levels:

•Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 – inputs, other than quoted prices, observable by a marketplace participant either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3 – unobservable inputs significant to the fair value measurement.

We did not have any significant non-financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on September 28, 2025, or December 31, 2024.

Our financial instruments include cash and equivalents, accounts receivable and payable, marketable securities held in trust and other investments, short- and long-term debt, and derivative financial instruments. The carrying values of cash and equivalents and accounts receivable and payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet approximate their fair value. The following tables present the fair values of our other financial assets and liabilities on September 28, 2025, and December 31, 2024, and the basis for determining their fair values:


	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial Assets (Liabilities)	September 28, 2025
Measured at fair value:
Marketable securities held in trust:
Cash and equivalents	$	3	$	3	$	—	$	3	$	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	143		143		—		143		—
Commingled equity funds	51		51		51		—		—
Commingled fixed-income funds	6		6		6		—		—
Other investments	52		52		31		—		21
Cash flow hedge assets	78		78		—		78		—
Cash flow hedge liabilities	(66)		(66)		—		(66)		—
Measured at amortized cost:
Short- and long-term debt principal	(8,078)		(7,590)		—		(7,590)		—


	December 31, 2024
Measured at fair value:
Marketable securities held in trust:
Cash and equivalents	$	36	$	36	$	27	$	9	$	—
Available-for-sale debt securities	128		128		—		128		—
Commingled equity funds	48		48		48		—		—
Commingled fixed-income funds	6		6		6		—		—
Other investments	40		40		28		—		12
Cash flow hedge assets	52		52		—		52		—
Cash flow hedge liabilities	(140)		(140)		—		(140)		—
Measured at amortized cost:
Short- and long-term debt principal	(8,826)		(8,103)		—		(8,103)		—

Our Level 1 assets include commingled equity and fixed-income funds that are valued using a unit price or net asset value (NAV). These funds are actively traded and valued using quoted prices for identical securities from the market exchanges. The fair value of our Level 2 assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of fixed-income securities, cash flow hedges and our fixed-rate notes, is determined under a market approach using valuation models that incorporate observable inputs such as interest rates, bond yields and quoted prices for similar assets. Our Level 3 assets include direct private equity investments that are measured using inputs unobservable to a marketplace participant.

N. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

We are exposed to market risk, primarily from foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and investments. We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge some of these risks as described below. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Foreign Currency Risk. Our foreign currency exchange rate risk relates to receipts from customers, payments to suppliers and intercompany transactions denominated in foreign currencies. To the extent possible, we include in our contracts terms that are designed to protect us from this risk. Otherwise, we

enter into derivative financial instruments, principally foreign currency forward purchase and sale contracts, designed to offset and minimize our risk. The dollar-weighted two-year average maturity of these instruments generally matches the duration of the activities that are at risk.

Commodity Price Risk. We are subject to commodity price risk, primarily on long-term, fixed-price contracts. To the extent possible, we include in our contracts terms that are designed to protect us from these risks. Some of the protective terms included in our contracts are considered derivative financial instruments but are not accounted for separately, because they are clearly and closely related to the host contract. We have not entered into any material commodity hedging contracts but may do so as circumstances warrant. We do not believe that changes in commodity prices will have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.

Investment Risk. Our investment policy allows for purchases of fixed-income securities with an investment-grade rating and a maximum maturity of up to five years. On September 28, 2025, and December 31, 2024, we held $2.5 billion and $1.7 billion in cash and equivalents, respectively, but held no material marketable securities other than those held in trust to meet some of our obligations under workers’ compensation and non-qualified pension plans. On September 28, 2025, and December 31, 2024, we held marketable securities in trust of $203 and $218, respectively. These marketable securities are reflected at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in other current and noncurrent assets. See Note M for additional details.

Hedging Activities. We had notional forward exchange contracts outstanding of $5.6 billion and $6.2 billion on September 28, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. These derivative financial instruments are cash flow hedges, and are reflected at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in other current assets and liabilities. See Note M for additional details.

Changes in fair value (gains and losses) related to derivative financial instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges are deferred in AOCL until the underlying transaction is reflected in earnings. Alternatively, gains and losses on derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recorded each period in earnings. All gains and losses from derivative financial instruments recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings are presented in the same line item as the underlying transaction, generally operating costs and expenses.

Net gains and losses recognized in earnings on derivative financial instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting were not material to our results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024. Net gains and losses reclassified to earnings from AOCL related to qualified hedges were also not material to our results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024, and we do not expect the amount of these gains and losses that will be reclassified to earnings during the next 12 months to be material.

We had no material derivative financial instruments designated as fair value or net investment hedges on September 28, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Foreign Currency Financial Statement Translation. We translate foreign currency balance sheets from our international businesses’ functional currency (generally the respective local currency) to U.S. dollars at the end-of-period exchange rates, and statements of earnings at the average exchange rates for each period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are a component of AOCL.

The impact of translating our non-U.S. operations’ revenue and earnings into U.S. dollars was not material to our results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025,

and September 29, 2024. In addition, the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on non-U.S. cash balances was not material for the nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024.

O. RETIREMENT PLANS

We provide retirement benefits to eligible employees through a variety of plans:

•Defined contribution

•Defined benefit

◦Pension (qualified and non-qualified)

◦Other post-retirement benefit

For our defined benefit plans, net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024, consisted of the following:


	Pension Benefits				Other Post-retirement Benefits
Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Service cost	$	18	$	19	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	149		157		7		7
Expected return on plan assets	(184)		(206)		(8)		(8)
Net actuarial loss (gain)	26		48		(8)		(7)
Prior service (credit) cost	(1)		(2)		—		1
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	$	8	$	16	$	(8)	$	(6)
Nine Months Ended
Service cost	$	53	$	56	$	3	$	3
Interest cost	448		471		20		21
Expected return on plan assets	(553)		(617)		(26)		(25)
Net actuarial loss (gain)	80		146		(24)		(23)
Prior service (credit) cost	(4)		(5)		1		2
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	$	24	$	51	$	(26)	$	(22)

Our contractual arrangements with the U.S. government provide for the recovery of pension and other post-retirement benefit costs related to employees working on government contracts. The amount allocated to U.S. government contracts is determined in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), which may result in a timing difference with the amount determined under GAAP. We defer this difference on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. At this time, the amount allocated to contracts exceeds cumulative benefit costs, resulting in a deferred credit that is reported in other noncurrent liabilities. To the extent there is a non-service component of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for our defined benefit plans, it is reported in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts or unless otherwise noted)

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Our company is organized into four operating segments: Aerospace, Marine Systems, Combat Systems and Technologies. We refer to the latter three collectively as our defense segments. Our primary customer is the U.S. government, including the Department of War (DoW) (previously referred to as Department of Defense), the intelligence community and other U.S. government agencies. We also have significant business with non-U.S. governments and a diverse base of corporate and individual buyers of business jet aircraft and related services. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

Federal Government

With approximately 70% of our revenue from the U.S. government, government spending levels influence our financial performance. Although the government's new fiscal year (FY) began on October 1, 2025, the Congress has not passed a continuing resolution (CR) nor a FY funding bill, resulting in a government shutdown. The impact on our 2025 results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is uncertain and depends on the duration and government management of the shutdown. In response to the shutdown, we issued commercial paper subsequent to quarter end to support liquidity in the event of slow or non-payment by our customers impacted by the shutdown. In the Results of Operations section that follows, we have included our current outlook for each operating segment. This outlook reflects management's judgment in light of the uncertainties due to the government shutdown.

In 2025, the administration has taken steps to address federal spending, including forming the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) to assist in this process. Thus far, the directives of the administration and actions of the DOGE have resulted in federal government staff reductions, hiring freezes, contract modifications and terminations, and delays in contract awards. We have experienced some award delays and contract terminations as a result of these actions as well as changes in agency priorities, largely within our IT services business. In addition, the administration has implemented new tariffs as part of U.S. trade policy. The duration and extent of the tariffs and any reciprocal tariffs, as well as any available opportunities to lessen the impact, continue to evolve. To date, these actions have not had a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Business Aviation

During the third quarter, we began deliveries of our new ultra-large-cabin G800, the world's longest-range business aircraft. The G800 is the replacement aircraft for the G650, which had its final delivery in the second quarter of 2025. In September 2025, we announced our all-new super-midsize G300 aircraft, which will replace the G280 aircraft.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

The following paragraphs explain how we recognize revenue and operating costs in our operating segments and the terminology we use to describe our operating results.

In the Aerospace segment, we record revenue on contracts for new aircraft when the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer of the fully outfitted aircraft. Revenue associated with the segment’s services businesses is recognized as work progresses or upon delivery of services. Fluctuations in revenue from period to period result from the number and mix of new aircraft deliveries, and the level and type of aircraft services performed during the period.

The majority of the Aerospace segment’s operating costs relates to new aircraft production on firm orders and consists of labor, material, subcontractor and overhead costs. The costs are accumulated in production lots, recorded in inventory and recognized as operating costs at aircraft delivery based on the estimated average unit cost in a production lot. While changes in the estimated average unit cost for a production lot impact the level of operating costs, the amount of operating costs reported in a given period is based largely on the number and type of aircraft delivered. Operating costs in the Aerospace segment’s services businesses are recognized generally as incurred.

For new aircraft, operating earnings and margin are a function of the prices of our aircraft, our operational efficiency in manufacturing and outfitting the aircraft, and the mix of ultra-large-cabin, large-cabin and mid-cabin aircraft deliveries. Aircraft mix can also refer to the stage of program maturity for our aircraft models. A new aircraft model typically has lower margins in its initial production lots, and then margins generally increase as we realize efficiencies in the production process. Additional factors affecting the segment’s earnings and margin include the volume, mix and profitability of services work performed, the market for pre-owned aircraft, and the level of general and administrative (G&A) and net research and development (R&D) costs incurred by the segment.

In the defense segments, revenue on long-term government contracts is recognized generally over time as the work progresses, either as products are produced or as services are rendered. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, overhead and, when appropriate, G&A expenses. Variances in costs recognized from period to period reflect primarily increases and decreases in production or activity levels on individual contracts. Because costs are used as a measure of progress, year-over-year variances in costs result in corresponding variances in revenue, which we generally refer to as volume.

Operating earnings and margin in the defense segments are driven by changes in volume, performance or contract mix. Performance refers to changes in profitability based on adjustments to estimates at completion on individual contracts. These adjustments result from increases or decreases to the estimated value of the contract, the estimated costs to complete the contract or both. Therefore, changes in costs incurred in the period compared with prior periods do not necessarily impact profitability. It is only when total estimated costs at completion on a given contract change without a corresponding change in the contract value (or vice versa) that the profitability of that contract may be impacted. Contract mix refers to changes in the volume of higher- versus lower-margin work. Higher or

lower margins can result from a number of factors, including contract type (e.g., fixed-price/cost-reimbursable) and type of work (e.g., development/production). Contract mix can also refer to the stage of program maturity for our long-term production contracts. New long-term production contracts typically have lower margins initially, and then margins generally increase as we achieve learning curve improvements or realize other cost reductions.

CONSOLIDATED OVERVIEW


Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	12,907		$	11,671		$	1,236	10.6	%
Operating costs and expenses	(11,576)			(10,490)			(1,086)		10.4	%
Operating earnings	1,331			1,181			150		12.7	%
Operating margin	10.3		%	10.1		%
Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	38,171		$	34,378		$	3,793	11.0	%
Operating costs and expenses	(34,267)			(31,005)			(3,262)		10.5	%
Operating earnings	3,904			3,373			531		15.7	%
Operating margin	10.2		%	9.8		%

Our consolidated revenue increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due primarily to double digit percentage growth in our Aerospace and Marine Systems segments. Operating margin increased 20 basis points in the third quarter and 40 basis points in the first nine months of 2025 due primarily to strong operating performance in our Aerospace segment.

REVIEW OF OPERATING SEGMENTS

Following is a discussion of operating results for each of our operating segments. For the Aerospace segment, results are analyzed by specific types of products and services, consistent with how the segment is managed. For the defense segments, the discussion is based on markets and the lines of products and services offered with a supplemental discussion of specific contracts and programs when significant to the results. Additional information regarding our segments can be found in Note L to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1.

AEROSPACE


Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	3,234		$	2,482		$	752	30.3	%
Operating earnings	430			305			125		41.0	%
Operating margin	13.3		%	12.3		%
Gulfstream aircraft deliveries (in units)	39			28			11		39.3	%
Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	9,322		$	7,506		$	1,816	24.2	%
Operating earnings	1,265			879			386		43.9	%
Operating margin	13.6		%	11.7		%
Gulfstream aircraft deliveries (in units)	113			89			24		27.0	%

Operating Results

The increase in the Aerospace segment’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 consisted of the following:


	Third Quarter		Nine Months
Aircraft manufacturing	$	630	$	1,576
Aircraft services	122		240
Total increase	$	752	$	1,816

Aircraft manufacturing revenue increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due primarily to additional G700 aircraft deliveries. Aircraft services revenue was up in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due primarily to increased customer demand for aircraft maintenance based on established maintenance cycles, a larger installed base and customer flight activity.

The increase in the segment’s operating earnings in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 consisted of the following:


	Third Quarter		Nine Months
Aircraft manufacturing	$	95	$	293
Aircraft services	(4)		(7)
G&A/other expenses	34		100
Total increase	$	125	$	386

Aircraft manufacturing operating earnings increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due primarily to the number and mix of aircraft deliveries, as well as productivity improvements stemming from increased stabilization of the supply chain. G&A/other expenses decreased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due primarily to reduced R&D expenditures after the completion of G800 certification processes. In total, the Aerospace segment’s operating margin increased 100 basis points in the third quarter and 190 basis points in the first nine months of 2025 compared with the prior-year periods.

2025 Outlook

We expect the Aerospace segment’s 2025 revenue to be approximately $13.2 billion with operating margin of approximately 13.3%.

MARINE SYSTEMS


Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	4,096		$	3,599		$	497	13.8	%
Operating earnings	291			258			33		12.8	%
Operating margin	7.1		%	7.2		%
Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	11,905		$	10,383		$	1,522	14.7	%
Operating earnings	832			735			97		13.2	%
Operating margin	7.0		%	7.1		%

Operating Results

The increase in the Marine Systems segment’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 consisted of the following:


	Third Quarter		Nine Months
U.S. Navy ship construction	$	509	$	1,552
U.S. Navy ship engineering, repair and other services	(12)		(30)
Total increase	$	497	$	1,522

Revenue from U.S. Navy ship construction was up in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due primarily to increased volume on Virginia-class and Columbia-class submarine construction. The Marine Systems segment’s operating margin continues to reflect the impact of a relatively new workforce in some disciplines and supply chain challenges.

2025 Outlook

We expect the Marine Systems segment’s 2025 revenue to be approximately $16 billion with operating margin of approximately 7%.

COMBAT SYSTEMS


Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	2,252		$	2,212		$	40	1.8	%
Operating earnings	335			325			10		3.1	%
Operating margin	14.9		%	14.7		%
Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	6,711		$	6,602		$	109	1.7	%
Operating earnings	950			920			30		3.3	%
Operating margin	14.2		%	13.9		%

Operating Results

The increase in the Combat Systems segment’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 consisted of the following:


	Third Quarter		Nine Months
Weapons systems and munitions	$	77	$	140
International military vehicles	39		74
U.S. military vehicles	(76)		(105)
Total increase	$	40	$	109

Weapons systems and munitions revenue increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due primarily to increased ammunition and ordnance work and higher volume on missile subsystems programs. Revenue from U.S. military vehicles decreased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due primarily to lower volume on Stryker programs as well as the termination of the M10 Booker program. Overall, the Combat Systems segment’s operating margin increased 20 basis points in the third quarter and 30 basis points in the first nine months of 2025 on improved performance.

2025 Outlook

We expect the Combat Systems segment’s 2025 revenue to be approximately $9.2 billion with operating margin of approximately 14.3%.

TECHNOLOGIES


Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	3,325		$	3,378		$	(53)	(1.6	%)
Operating earnings	327			326			1		0.3	%
Operating margin	9.8		%	9.7		%
Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024			Variance
Revenue	$	10,233		$	9,887		$	346	3.5	%
Operating earnings	987			941			46		4.9	%
Operating margin	9.6		%	9.5		%

Operating Results

The change in the Technologies segment’s revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 consisted of the following:


	Third Quarter		Nine Months
Information technology (IT) services	$	9	$	356
C5ISR* solutions	(62)		(10)
Total change	$	(53)	$	346

*Command, control, communications, computers, cyber, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance

The Technologies segment’s revenue decreased as expected in the third quarter due primarily to program timing and ramp-down of legacy programs, and increased in the first nine months of 2025 due primarily to higher volume of IT services. Overall, the Technologies segment’s operating margin increased 10 basis points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025.

2025 Outlook

We expect the Technologies segment’s 2025 revenue to be approximately $13.5 billion with operating margin of approximately 9.4%.

CORPORATE

Corporate operating costs totaled $52 in the third quarter and $130 in the first nine months of 2025 compared with $33 in the third quarter and $102 in the first nine months of 2024 and consisted primarily of equity-based compensation expense. Corporate operating costs are expected to be around $160 in 2025.

OTHER INFORMATION

PRODUCT REVENUE AND OPERATING COSTS


Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		Variance
Revenue	$	8,021	$	6,767	$	1,254	18.5	%
Operating costs	(6,788)		(5,760)		(1,028)		17.8	%
Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		Variance
Revenue	$	23,367	$	20,061	$	3,306	16.5	%
Operating costs	(19,752)		(17,074)		(2,678)		15.7	%

The increase in product revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 consisted of the following:


	Third Quarter		Nine Months
Aircraft manufacturing	$	630	$	1,576
Ship construction	509		1,552

Other, net	115		178
Total increase	$	1,254	$	3,306

Aircraft manufacturing revenue increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 due to additional aircraft deliveries. Ship construction revenue increased due primarily to higher volume on the Virginia-class and Columbia-class submarine programs. The primary drivers of the increase in product operating costs were the changes in volume on the programs described above.

SERVICE REVENUE AND OPERATING COSTS


Three Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		Variance
Revenue	$	4,886	$	4,904	$	(18)	(0.4	%)
Operating costs	(4,151)		(4,095)		(56)		1.4	%
Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024		Variance
Revenue	$	14,804	$	14,317	$	487	3.4	%
Operating costs	(12,609)		(12,025)		(584)		4.9	%

The change in service revenue in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 consisted of the following:


	Third Quarter		Nine Months
C5ISR solutions/IT services	$	10	$	451
Aircraft services	122		240



Other, net	(150)		(204)
Total change	$	(18)	$	487

Increased IT services volume drove the higher service revenue in the first nine months of 2025. Aircraft services revenue was up in 2025 due to additional maintenance work. The primary drivers of the increase in service operating costs were the changes in volume on the programs described above.

G&A EXPENSES

As a percentage of revenue, G&A expenses decreased to 5% in the first nine months of 2025 compared with 5.5% in the first nine months of 2024.

OTHER, NET

Net other income was $51 in the first nine months of 2025 compared with $47 in the first nine months of 2024, and represents primarily the non-service components of pension and other post-retirement benefits. In 2025, we expect net other income to be approximately $70.

INTEREST, NET

Net interest expense was $251 in the first nine months of 2025 compared with $248 in the prior-year period. See Note H to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, for additional information regarding our debt obligations, including interest rates. In 2025, we expect net interest expense to be approximately $330.

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAX, NET

Our effective tax rate was 17.2% in the first nine months of 2025 compared with 17.0% in the prior-year period. For 2025, we anticipate a full-year effective tax rate of approximately 17.5%.

BACKLOG AND ESTIMATED POTENTIAL CONTRACT VALUE

Our total backlog, including funded and unfunded portions, was $109.9 billion at the end of the third quarter of 2025 compared with $103.7 billion at the end of the second quarter. Our total backlog is equal to our remaining performance obligations under contracts with customers as discussed in Note B to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. Our total estimated contract value, which combines total backlog with estimated potential contract value, was $167.7 billion on September 28, 2025.

The following table details the backlog and estimated potential contract value of each segment at the end of the third and second quarters of 2025:


	Funded		Unfunded		Total Backlog		Estimated Potential Contract Value		Total Estimated Contract Value
	September 28, 2025
Aerospace	$	19,476	$	1,131	$	20,607	$	1,147	$	21,754
Marine Systems	38,757		14,854		53,611		14,839		68,450
Combat Systems	17,232		1,470		18,702		9,553		28,255
Technologies	10,269		6,668		16,937		32,341		49,278
Total	$	85,734	$	24,123	$	109,857	$	57,880	$	167,737

	June 29, 2025
Aerospace	$	18,676	$	1,227	$	19,903	$	1,165	$	21,068
Marine Systems	39,298		13,674		52,972		14,708		67,680
Combat Systems	15,961		616		16,577		9,592		26,169
Technologies	9,945		4,285		14,230		32,011		46,241
Total	$	83,880	$	19,802	$	103,682	$	57,476	$	161,158

AEROSPACE

Aerospace funded backlog represents primarily new aircraft orders for which we have definitive purchase contracts and deposits from customers. Unfunded backlog consists of agreements to provide future aircraft maintenance and support services. The Aerospace segment ended the third quarter of 2025 with backlog of $20.6 billion.

Orders for new Gulfstream aircraft reflected strong demand across our portfolio of products and services, including orders for our recently announced G300 aircraft. The segment achieved a book-to-bill ratio (orders divided by revenue) of 1.3-to-1 in the third quarter of 2025, even as revenue grew more than 30% over the year-ago quarter.

Estimated potential contract value represents primarily options and other agreements with existing customers to purchase new aircraft and long-term aircraft services agreements. On September 28, 2025, estimated potential contract value in the Aerospace segment was $1.1 billion.

DEFENSE SEGMENTS

The total backlog in our defense segments represents the estimated remaining sales value of work to be performed under firm contracts. The funded portion of total backlog includes items that have been authorized and appropriated by the U.S. Congress and funded by customers, as well as commitments by international customers that are approved and funded similarly by their governments. The unfunded portion of total backlog includes the amounts we believe are likely to be funded, but there is no guarantee that future budgets and appropriations will provide the same funding level currently anticipated for a given program.

Estimated potential contract value in our defense segments includes unexercised options associated with existing firm contracts and unfunded work on indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts. Contract options represent agreements to perform additional work under existing contracts at

the election of the customer. We recognize options in backlog when the customer exercises the option and establishes a firm order. For IDIQ contracts, we evaluate the amount of funding we expect to receive and include this amount in our estimated potential contract value. This amount is often less than the total IDIQ contract value, particularly when the contract has multiple awardees. The actual amount of funding received in the future may be higher or lower than our estimate of potential contract value.

Total backlog in our defense segments was $89.3 billion on September 28, 2025. In the third quarter and first nine months of 2025, the defense segments achieved a book-to-bill ratio of 1.6-to-1. Estimated potential contract value in our defense segments was $56.7 billion on September 28, 2025.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We place a strong emphasis on cash flow generation, which is underpinned by an operating discipline focused on cost control and working capital management. This emphasis gives us the flexibility for prudent capital deployment, while allowing us to maintain an appropriate debt level, and preserves a strong balance sheet for future opportunities.

We evaluate a variety of capital deployment options based on current market conditions and our long-term outlook, and we believe agility is a key component of our capital deployment strategy as market conditions change over time. Our capital deployment priorities include investments in our products and services to drive long-term growth, a predictable dividend, strategic acquisitions and opportunistic share repurchases.

We believe cash generated by operating activities, supplemented by commercial paper issuances, is sufficient to satisfy our short- and long-term liquidity needs. An additional potential source of capital is the issuance of long-term debt in capital market transactions.

We ended the third quarter of 2025 with a cash and equivalents balance of $2.5 billion compared with $1.7 billion at the end of 2024. Following is a discussion of our major operating, investing and financing activities in the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, as classified on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in Part I, Item 1:


Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025		September 29, 2024
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,559	$	1,952
Net cash used by investing activities	(422)		(588)
Net cash used by financing activities	(2,306)		(1,173)

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Cash provided by operating activities was $3.6 billion in the first nine months of 2025 compared with $2 billion in the same period in 2024. The primary driver of cash flows in both periods was net earnings. Cash flows in 2024 were affected negatively by growth in operating working capital, particularly driven by timing in our Aerospace and Combat Systems segments.

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Cash used by investing activities was $422 in the first nine months of 2025 compared with $588 in the same period in 2024. Our investing activities include cash paid for capital expenditures and business

acquisitions; purchases, sales and maturities of marketable securities; and proceeds from asset sales. The primary use of cash for investing activities in both periods was capital expenditures. Capital expenditures were $552 in the first nine months of 2025 compared with $561 in the same period in 2024.

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Cash used by financing activities was $2.3 billion in the first nine months of 2025 compared with $1.2 billion in the same period in 2024. Financing activities include the use of cash for repurchases of common stock, payment of dividends, and debt and commercial paper repayments. Our financing activities also include proceeds received from debt and commercial paper issuances and employee stock option exercises.

On March 5, 2025, our board of directors (Board) declared an increased quarterly dividend of $1.50 per share, the 28th consecutive annual increase. Previously, the Board had increased the quarterly dividend to $1.42 per share in March 2024. Cash dividends paid were $1.2 billion in the first nine months of 2025 compared with $1.1 billion in the same period in 2024.

We paid $600 and $183 in the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively, to repurchase our outstanding shares. On September 28, 2025, 6.9 million shares remained authorized by our Board for repurchase, representing 2.5% of our total shares outstanding.

In May 2025, we issued $750 of fixed-rate notes. The proceeds were used to repay fixed-rate notes of $750 that matured in May 2025. In late March 2025, we repaid fixed-rate notes of $750 prior to their scheduled maturity on April 1, 2025 with cash on hand and commercial paper issuances. For additional information regarding our debt obligations, including scheduled debt maturities and interest rates, see Note H to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE - FREE CASH FLOW

We emphasize the efficient conversion of net earnings into cash and the deployment of that cash to maximize shareholder returns. As described below, we use free cash flow to measure our performance in these areas. While we believe this metric provides useful information, it is not a defined operating measure under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and there are limitations associated with its use. Our calculation of this metric may not be completely comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences in the method of calculation. As a result, the use of this metric should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, GAAP measures.

We define free cash flow as net cash from operating activities less capital expenditures. We believe free cash flow is a useful measure for investors because it portrays our ability to generate cash from our businesses for purposes such as repaying debt, funding business acquisitions, repurchasing our common stock and paying dividends. We use free cash flow to assess the quality of our earnings and as a key performance measure in evaluating management. The following table reconciles free cash flow with net cash from operating activities, as classified on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in Part I, Item 1:


Nine Months Ended	September 28, 2025			September 29, 2024
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,559		$	1,952
Capital expenditures	(552)			(561)
Free cash flow	$	3,007		$	1,391
Cash flows as a percentage of net earnings:
Net cash provided by operating activities	116		%	74		%
Free cash flow	98		%	53		%

ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND OTHER CONTINGENCIES

For a discussion of environmental matters and other contingencies, see Note J to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. Except as otherwise noted in Note J, we do not expect our aggregate liability with respect to these matters to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We employ judgment in making our estimates, but they are based on historical experience, currently available information and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. We believe our judgment is applied consistently and produces financial information that fairly depicts our results of operations for all periods presented.

Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span several years. We review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates increased our operating earnings (and diluted earnings per share) by $57 ($0.17) and $119 ($0.35) for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, and $101 ($0.29) for the

nine-month period ended September 29, 2024, and decreased our operating earnings (and diluted earnings per share) by $12 ($0.03) for the three-month period ended September 29, 2024. No adjustment on any one contract was material to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 28, 2025, or September 29, 2024.

Other critical accounting policies and estimates include long-lived assets and goodwill, commitments and contingencies, and retirement plans. For a full discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The outstanding notes described in Note H to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, issued by General Dynamics Corporation (the parent), are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, joint and several basis by several of the parent’s 100%-owned subsidiaries (the guarantors). The guarantee of each guarantor ranks equally in right of payment with all other existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness of such guarantor. A listing of the guarantors is included in an exhibit to this Form 10-Q.

Because the parent is a holding company, its cash flow and ability to service its debt, including the outstanding notes, depends on the performance of its subsidiaries and the ability of those subsidiaries to distribute cash to the parent, whether by dividends, loans or otherwise. Holders of the outstanding notes have a direct claim only against the parent and the guarantors.

Under the relevant indenture, the guarantee of each guarantor is limited to the maximum amount that can be guaranteed without rendering the guarantee voidable under applicable laws relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. Each indenture also provides that, in the event (1) of a merger, consolidation or sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of a guarantor (other than a transaction with the parent or any of its subsidiaries) or (2) there occurs a transfer, sale or other disposition of the voting stock of a guarantor so that the guarantor is no longer a subsidiary of the parent, then the guarantor or the entity acquiring the assets (in the event of a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of a guarantor) will be released and relieved of any obligations under the guarantee.

The following summarized financial information presents the parent and guarantors (collectively, the combined obligor group) on a combined basis. The summarized financial information of the combined obligor group excludes net investment in and earnings of subsidiaries related to interests held by the combined obligor group in subsidiaries that are not guarantors of the notes.

STATEMENT OF EARNINGS INFORMATION - COMBINED OBLIGOR GROUP


	Nine Months Ended September 28, 2025		Year Ended December 31, 2024
Revenue	$	14,905	$	18,701
Operating costs and expenses, excluding G&A	(13,293)		(16,638)
Net earnings	605		785

BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION - COMBINED OBLIGOR GROUP


	September 28, 2025		December 31, 2024
Cash and equivalents	$	1,018	$	474
Other current assets	5,093		5,187
Noncurrent assets	4,887		4,841
Total assets	$	10,998	$	10,502

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	1,003	$	1,500
Other current liabilities	3,326		3,016
Long-term debt	6,957		7,210
Other noncurrent liabilities	3,105		3,170
Total liabilities	$	14,391	$	14,896

The summarized balance sheet information presented above includes the funded status of the company’s primary qualified U.S. government pension plans as the parent has the ultimate obligation for the plans.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes with respect to this item from the disclosure included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 28, 2025. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, on September 28, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 28, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

The certifications of the company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have been filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this report.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which are based on management’s expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “forecasts,” “scheduled,” “outlook,” “estimates,” “should” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples include projections of revenue, earnings, operating margin, segment performance, cash flows, contract awards, aircraft production, deliveries and backlog. In making these statements, we rely on assumptions and analyses based on our experience and perception of historical trends; current conditions

and expected future developments; and other factors, estimates and judgments we consider reasonable and appropriate based on information available to us at the time. Forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve factors, risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Actual future results and trends may differ materially from what is forecast in forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. These factors include, among others:

•general U.S. and international political and economic conditions;

•decreases in U.S. government defense spending or changing priorities within the defense budget;

•termination of government contracts due to unilateral government action;

•differences in anticipated and actual program performance, including the ability to perform within estimated costs, and performance issues with key suppliers;

•expected recovery on contract claims and requests for equitable adjustment;

•changing customer demand for business aircraft, including the effects of economic conditions on the business-aircraft market;

•changing prices for energy and raw materials;

•the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or other pandemics or outbreaks;

•the status or outcome of legal and/or regulatory proceedings;

•potential effects of audits and reviews by government agencies of our government contract performance, compliance and internal control systems and policies;

•cybersecurity events and other disruptions;

•risks and uncertainties relating to our acquisitions and joint ventures; and

•potential for increased regulation related to global climate change.

All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or, in the case of any document incorporated by reference, the date of that document. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to General Dynamics or any person acting on our behalf are qualified by the cautionary statements in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to update or publicly release revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances or changes in expectations after the date of this report. These factors may be revised or supplemented in future SEC filings.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For information relating to legal proceedings, see Note J to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes with respect to this item from the disclosure included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information about our third-quarter purchases of equity securities that are registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended:


Period	Total Number of Shares	Average Price per Share*		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program	Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
Shares Purchased Pursuant to Share Buyback Program
6/30/25-7/27/25	—	$	—	—	6,861,844
7/28/25-8/24/25	—	—		—	6,861,844
8/25/25-9/28/25	—	—		—	6,861,844

Shares Delivered or Withheld Pursuant to Restricted Stock Vesting**
6/30/25-7/27/25	865	291.89
7/28/25-8/24/25	663	310.76
8/25/25-9/28/25	1,886	322.75
	3,414	$	312.60

* Average price per share excludes excise tax.

** Represents shares withheld by, or delivered to, us pursuant to provisions in agreements with recipients of restricted stock granted under our equity compensation plans that allow us to withhold, or the recipient to deliver to us, the number of shares with a fair value equal to the statutory tax withholding due upon vesting of the restricted shares.

We did not make any unregistered sales of equity securities in the third quarter of 2025.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended September 28, 2025, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

22 Subsidiary Guarantors (incorporated herein by reference from the company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 29, 2025, filed with the SEC on July 23, 2025)

31.1 Certification by CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

31.2 Certification by CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

32.1 Certification by CEO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

32.2 Certification by CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

101.INS Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*

101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*

101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*

101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed or furnished electronically herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION
	by	/s/ William A. Moss
		William A. Moss
		Vice President and Controller
		(Authorized Officer and Chief Accounting Officer)
Dated: October 24, 2025

GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP 10-Q